File #12372: "MS026_40_28.pdf"

A HISTORY OF Llfr:E C~NDLE'.·lOOD

FOR:
DR.TRTJJ:,:;'':1\T
VI': n~mR

SOCIA: SCIENCE
DET'_-"_RTLENT
Df_NBURYSTF.TE COLLEGE
BY:

LYNN H. FERNANDEZ
HISTORY 07D
J.ltNUARY1967

FOREWORD
This

paper

is a brief

Candlewood and how it
Danbury.
volved

affected

is partly

it.

I have chosen

that

because

lies

the whole lake

Light

and Power Company's
available.

reflects

and partly

This

with

treatment

and Brookfield.

physical,

historic3l,

in relation

Four major
The Connecticut

sources
Light

of the Rocky River

Rocky River

Project

Connecticut

Light

respect.

solely

in-

with

the
This

necessary

to

of the Connecticut

to make the necess9.ry
however,

The main features
in New Milford,
discusses

still

in Danbury
Sherman,

New

technical,

and human aspects

of the Rocky

to Danbury.
have been used in gathering

material.

and Power Company has supplied

basin,

of Danbury and other

this

to deal

because

This paper

business

It

of land in the five

of the topic,

some variation

Fairfield

Project

1926 and 1928.

the Town of Danbury.

reluctance

on the l=lke as a whole.

are repeated

River

within

of Lake

in the Town of

of the amount of research

cover

data

between

of some 5,600 acres

the flooding

of the lake

of the creation

the residents

The lake was built

towns surrounding
part

account

a list

documents
and its

of the granters
relating

operation.

two maps

in the To~m

to the history

of the

Mr. A.L. Bisio

of the

and Power Company has been very helpful

The Danbury Land Records

in

were used to establish

the ownership

of land from 1917 to 1926, when the company rec-

prds

They were also

began •.

of various

developers

used to establish

from 1926 to 1930.
iii

the transactions

Personal

interviews

were held with

several

of land within

the project

place

creation.

upon its

ployee

grantors

undertaking

as well.

uable

p11otographs

William

ious
papers

Bronson.

and papers,
Mrs. Jeanette

articles
also

phy is listed

a retired

valuable

in the appendix.

iv

in the

dona tea many val-

to hir.1 by his

uncle,

Dr.

two early

in 194-0 and 1948.

New Nilford,
data.

em-

to the factual

Cooper donated

published

from the Danbury,
supplied

left

use

took

but added his encourage~ent

Mr. Wil lia::.1 Sanford

to Lake Candlewood,

that

Lewis,

of the Company, not only contributed
in the paper,

the general

and the dislocations
Mr. Jeffery

information

guides

to determine

Var-

and Ne1·1 York

A complete

bibliogra-

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
FORE\vARD •••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • iii

OF T:.BLES AND ILLTJST?J'.TIONS

LIST

vi

• • •••••••••

CHAPTER

I.

• • • •

l

THE CONNECTICUT LIGHT !:J~D POWER
CONF:WNTS DAKBURY • • ••••
• • • • • • • •

12

TIIE COnNECTICUT

LIG:l:T

~Jm por,,rsR cm~P".NY

The Beginning
Projects
for Expansion
IL.

The Staff of the
Public Opinion

III.

TIIE GP.:..NTEE •

c.L.

&

P.·--nanbury

1926

•

. •· ..............

•

•

.

20

P!'ocedure
Policy

IV.

THE GRf.;.NTOR
•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

•

...

0

•

33

Location
m.unan Aspects
V.

THE CR3ATIO!'J OF J. LPKS ••••••

• • • ••

• • 46

The Construction
PostdiluviUI2
FOOTNOTES ••••••

• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

BIBLIOGRAPHY • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
APPENDIX •••

. . .. .

• • • • • •

Documents

Photographs
Miscellaneous
Maps

V

... •

• • •

• • • • •

53
59
i

LIST

OF T:ll.3LES ;,:ND ILLTJSTRf.TIONS

The Housatonic

River

The Rocky River
Elevation

Map

Basin

Rocky Ri ver--Tovm

7.
8.

Highways

9.

Roads and Houses--Southern

Data--Southern

Neversink

End.

22

• • • •

27

• • • • • • •

30

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

35

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

36

End •••••

•••••••

11.

• • • • • • • • • • •

of Danbury • • • • •••

Contour

Property--Middle

14

Developnent

6.

10.

8

••••••••••••••

••••••••••••••••••

The Rocky River

Property--Southern

4

•••••••••••••••

End ••••••••••

37

•••••••••••••••••

39

Swamp •••••••••••••••••

41

vi

THE CCi·ZKECTICUTLIGHT r-1m PO\·:ER CO!'..P·..NY

1917-1926

THE EEGI1'JNING
The Connecticut

Light

and Power Company-1917.

In 1917 the Connecticut
of the Bulls

Bridge

Light

st~tion

on the Housatonic

above the Town of New Milford
mouth of the Housatonic
was a small

plant

that
Island

near

the flow of the river

The Devon pl3nt

used coal

to produce

was a fossil

eight

miles
at the
station

to produce

fuel

steam from the tidewater

pl~nt
of Long

Sou..Dd.

The Demand For Electrical
.~t that
touched

time rural

by the existing

heated

Power

homes.

driven

Wood-burning

lamps lighted

New Haven

·was essentia.lly

one third

the most part, was un-

grid.

Kerosene

and the demand for electrical
In 1914 ne~rly

for

electrical

town like

Electricity

•

Connecticut,

the farm houses.

Even an industrial

S3W

the homes.

gas lamps

an industrial

power was steadily

of t.merica's

factory

stoves

in many

commodity:
increasing.

machines

were

by electricity.

By 1929 about seventy per cent of all
2
were electricaliy
driven.
The use of the mechanical

machines
energy

River

and the Devon steam plant
1
Milford.
The Bulls Bridge

utilizing

electrical_power.

and Power Comp~ny consisted

of flowing

continent.

turned

huge turbine

How the power companies

mand is part
the United

water

of the history
States.

The Housatonic

met this

of hydroelectric

blades

across

increasing
development

the
dein

/

River.

The Housatonic

River

rises

in western

M3ssachusetts

and

3

flows

southward

into

Litchfield

Litchfield

County it

boundry

between Fairfield

into

Long Island

Devon.

bends

had a verJ

Hydroelectric
~t Bulls

period
river

since

irregular

the founding

directly

Moreover,
opposed

hydroelectric

operations.

ways dependent
cut Light

could

source

·was an im-

the ye3r.
It

had been
The only

be placed

on the
the flow

in the flow of the
curve

of demand.

flow of the spring

This problem was not con-

is the built-in

The effeciency

defect

THE PROJECTS FOR E.XP:UJSION

of all

of the plant

The fate

and Power Company was intrinsically

Plan One.

1)

in 1902.

seasonal

the excess

on the flow of water.

Storage

figure

of the year

river.

Rocky River

a VJluable

the river

the variation

to store

to the Housatonic.

flowof

The rest

the company's

use throughout

(see

of the station

flow was in the spring.

months for

and
descent

the House.tonic

flow.

of the year when any reliance

Some way was needed

fined

period

empties

125 mile

on its

makes the river

Potential~
Bridge the irregular

was undependable.
river

It

the

and many settlements
were centered
around water4 However, like many New England rivers,
the

wheel mills.

a problem

~nd forms

the Towns of Stratford

983 feet

drops

Sound and this alone
of power. 3 In th~ colonial

Housatonic

In

and New Haven Counties.

to the

river

Connecticut.

to the southwest

Sound between

The Housatonic

portant

County,

is al-

of the Connectibound to its

5

FAU..SVl

L.AGE

f,"gute

1 ...

The Hou$a~onic Raver

5

Lake Candle~ood
resourceful

lawyer

dam sites

along

both

Bridge

New York,

the

the Connecticut
stock

in 1917 when a

beg~n buying

and Housatonic

of the Housatonic

which had previously

special

qualities

public-

utilities;.·.

very

capable

the

economic

that

Light

growth' of the·. area

on his

him for' his

ngwly acquired

was the unorthodox

creation

the

his

Hehad

rio

interest.-:in

He··was,

He was far-sighted

6

with

He.called

He was no engineer.

president.

Rivers.

been affiliated

and PQwer Company.

ear-marked

potential

Power Company

New Haven and Hartford.Railroad.

company the Connecticut

pendent

dim beginnings

named Henry Roraback

In 1917 he bought
at Bulls

had its

however·,· a

eno~gh

to see that

\\IOUld become increasingly
utility.

a

of

Foremost.in

storage

basin

de-

his mind

on the Rocky

River· • 7•
December

On

Norris
ble

14, 1917,

of Philadelphia,

plans

for

a report

was given

Pennsylvannia,

the Rocky River

basin

suggesting
to regulate

the Housatonic.

(see

apDendix)

Mr. Norris

port

that

he did not

believe

by stating

storage

plan was commercially

moment was forgotten,
made by the U.G~I.
Connecticut

Light

Contracting

the flow

of

his

prelimin~ry

re-

the Rocky River

surveys

for

the

were being

Company of Philadelphia.

and Power Company 1918-1926.

dam on the Housatonic
studied

possi-

Rocky River

In 1918 the Power Co!npany went ahead

had been

three

concluded

that

attractive.

although

by Mr. Rollin

above

and built

the Town of Derby.

in conjunction

with

Stevenson

This

project

the Rocky River

project

6

in 1917.
Bridge

The combined

stations

problem

was only

of regulating

Stevenson

capacity

only

ten

of the Stevenson
thousand

and Bulls
8

kilowatts.

The basic

the flow of the river

doubled

was unresolved.
9 In 1922
on the Housatonic.

the load

preliminary

work was begun on a proposed resevoir
and dam on
10 Then, rather
Shepaug River.
~bruptly,
in 1926 the

the

Company authorized
basin

the construction

and dropped

of this

sudden

project

involved

the Shepaug

change

Rocky River
A report

was the fact

hand,

was practically

owned five

Project

large
dam sites.

was given

with

tonic.

appendix)

a powerhouse

Company of Boston

the

reports
the

time

1926,

proposing

and pumping plant

to study

this

of Directors
15, 1926.

The proposed

Rocky River

it

and is

was built

a dam on the
on the Housa-

still

authorized

T. Main

proposal.

a report
on April
of the plan. 12 As a result

on July

of the U.G.I•

Mr. W.F. Uhl of the Charles

was asked

the Board

project

inclu-

appendix)

D. Justine

and submitted

feasibility

The

in the basin

(see

by Mr. Joel

Rocky River

site

the Shepaug

T\-10.

Company on March 12,

ed tbe

that

worthless.

parcels

Contracting

(see

One explanation

of a considerable
length of
11
Railroad
line.
The Rocky River

one of the proposed

ding

storage

the relocation

on the other

Company already

undertaking.

of plans

the Litchfield-Hawleyville
basin,

of the Rocky River

20,

He visit-

1926 confirming

of these

the

two

construction

of

13
Development
of interest

was unique
today

at the

because

it

7

was the first
United

large

scale

14

States.

operstion

It was the first

to pump water

into

power later.

It would take nearly

to raise

a resevoir

the water

the same water
turbine.

into

when it

water

modern plant

in order

the basin
flowed

One condition

The stored

of pumped storage

as would be obtained

back through

made the project

had a high value.

pumping ·would be obt3.ined

economicslly

that

in service

generate

anyway.

electri·c±ti

dmm the river.
by natural

The Company proposed

the basin.

1ake would be raised
hundred

and thirty

many people
mudflat".
water

Physical

Three-quarters

envisioned

feet

spill

had to be

would be used to

station
to fill

twenty

miles

the basin

and the four

partly

natural

of the volume of the

as a "stj_nking

company propose

from the unimposing

stream

that

to set
,-,andered

valley?

~spects

Rocky River
the Housatonic.
six hundred

that

the lake

How did any contr:J.cting

this

used for

by pump from the Housatonic
River, two
feet below. 16 It was for this reason that

skeptically

up forty

through

of the Rocky River

and hours

would other1:Jise

The same water

at the Stevenson

drainage

pona·s within

15

and
sound.

of the year

The energy

from water

from

the penstock

over the dams, or from the Devon steam plant
kept

electrical

as much electricity

would be used at seasons

of the day when it

in ft..rnerica

to produce

twice

in the

acre

of Rocky River

Basin.

was one of many tributaries
(see
basin

figure

2)

It drained

that
a

set among the Berkshire

five

fed into
thousand-

foothills.

17

FIGURE

2

ROCKYRIVER.
BASIN

SWAMP

9

It

flowed

Milford,

through

five

townships:

Danbury,

Sherman and New Fairfield.

were steep .and rocky
the most extensive
One drained
The other

for

ridge

drained

into

The sides

the most part.
divided

to the northwest

through

largest

from Neversink

extended

wood Mountain.
were covered
its

Neversink

Pond,

Daribury~New Fairfield

town line;_

Squantz

within

Pond were all

Only the northeast
Brookfield

finger

and New Milford

Some evidence
basin

was prob~bly

at·New Milford
A

huge Indian

hardly
1917.

1926,

to the foot

they

Historical

Barses

set about

above the
swamp.

of the valley

of the basin

ponds lay withi~straddled

the

Pond, Creek Pond and

extending

was more or less

of Rocky River

up through

out

by the Power Company.
that

existed

in the project

Basin.

the

that·broke

ponds that

it.

to man.

that

in New Fairfield

may have enclosed

l9

hospitable

lake

the one created

to restore

The

of Candle-

the Town of New Fairfield.

canoe was discovered

Aspects

acres

the largest,

at one time a natural

basin

ponds.

Pond in Danbury around

needed to navigate
the natural
20 Even the engineers
involved

the Rocky River

a mile

has been QDcovered to suggest

much like

two branches.

was mostly

Four thousand five-hundred
with woods. 18 Four natural

boundaries:

into

about

itself

what is now known as Candlewood Isle

of the basin

Creek and Squantz

the Housatonic
The basin

New

Candlewood Mountain,

the stream

Town of New Milford.
area

Brookfield,

a glacial

was
in

think that
lake. 21 In

10

Stark

B. Ferris,

an amateur

lake-historian,

the New York Times in 1929 that
by the Weantinaug
The excavation
tion

around

produced

of pottery

Indians

Indian

arrowheads,

tribes

covered

by the waters

Danbury·state

probably

College

Power Company lists

Zacariah

Ferris,

did acquire
location
miles

ancestor

a store

of mills
and other

by the Hine family,

river's

attracted

It was suprosedly
the attention

who saw in the Housatonic
ment on a grander
first

Bulls

Bridge

scale.

The Power Company

which coincides

station

in

about

A fulling-mill,

owned or controlled

the abandoned

the possibility

had
a grist-

to the Connecticut

Staub,

four

Jerusalem

drop to furnish

of Nicholas

26

the

in 1707 was one

were all

granter

foot

startling

where the.

This co:r:ununity took advantage

sudden two hundred
mills.

the land now

of Jerusalem,

heyday.

businesses

another

and Power Company. 2 5

their

Estate

settlement

in its

23

Indians.

back from the mouth of the Rocky River.
sorts

bits

At any rate,

that

land from the Ferris

comple-

implements.

and trapped

arrived
of the above. 24

to the colonial

various
mill,

families

its

war axes,

and fished

now stands.

no deeds with

Among the twelve

in 1707.

This is not a very

hunted

library

after

and household

of the lake.

to

inhabited

by pioneers

mallets,

may have hunted

Indians

was first

of the lake

of farming

Various

revelation.

and was settled

the shores

countless

and parts

the valley

stated

Light
of the

power for
Hine mill

a New Milford
of hydraulic

It was he who est::,.blished
in 1902. 27

that
man,
developthe

22

11

Rocky River

1926.

Basin

For the most
by

the

creation

temporary
land.

of the

far!'l!ers

Farmers

five

lake.

their

of historical

~ost

fanilies

weI·e a bondoned.

lake.

28

in use as family

burial

Silas

Vicent

ers.

ran a saw mill.

corn and oats

West of the

farm and r9.ised
near
the
frogs

the
life

present

present

chickens.
site

in the basin

and deer.

31

sites.

East

apples

was carried

of roads

30

were

of Neversink

Bridge

and barrel
for

the local

staves.
farm-

George Goff ran a dairy

Ed"\·iin Kellog

of the Danbury

by the

Others

He made barrels

Danbury dike

thirty-

were reloc~ted.

origins.

and pressed

only

miles

the

sw:Eer

were effected

29 Six small cemetaries

still

during

ponds,

Only thirty-one

had colonial

or ,-.'ood-

of several

natural

residences

Some of the cemetaries

He ground

as p2sture

Outside

the four

permanent

of the

land

was lost

were con-

co·ws dovm to the brook

around

with

v2lue

of the grantors

basin

them back at night.

loc2ted

construction

nothing

who used the

drove

d2y and drove
cor:rr~unities

part,

and an apple

Tow~ Park.

on by birds,

But,
snakes,

orchard
most of
foxes,

T~IE COI~J\:ECTICt.'TLIG:IT 1\ND POWERCOEP •J';Y
1,'J,Cl~TS D!\.NBURY
CCl-J:

THE STAFF OF THE COI'-~TECTICUT
LIGHT AND POWERCOMP
,l'i.NY
DANBURY
1926
The Danbury Camp.
In J"uly, 1926, Mr. J"effery
fant

daughter

in Danbury.
as the chief

his wife,

of the Connecticut

the Rocky River

be worked from this

project-.

in-

Danbury base.

At that

Danbury.

That town was serviced

It was not until
in New Milford.

They stood,

and Power

time the Connecti-

and Power Company had no commercial

Company.

Light

The whole lake ·was to

cut Light

Electric

and his

moved into the Stratton
house on North Street
32 He was beginning a year of feverish
activity
representative

Company for

Lewis,

business

by the Danbury-Bethel
as it were,

among alien

in
Gas and
corn.

1928 that the company had a permanent office
33 For that year, the sun porch of Dr. Stratton•s

house had to do.
The Surveyors.
A tremendous
surveyors
this

were hired

small

'lflfo;_foot- contour
authorize-a
Another
determined

to survey

the basin.

army would set out in five

Lewis to the area

another

amount of work had to be done.

to be worked that
line,

to buy land.

the elevation
(see

figure

that

group did a general

Each morning

or six cars
day.

behind Mr.

One group ran the

to which the Company was
3)

group did triangulation.
the property

34

About fifty

They trigonometrically

the company had to acquire.
land

survey

that

included

Still
elevation,

FIG_URE 3

ELEVATtON MAP

...- HA\"ESTOWN RQ.

LEGEND
TOWN

430

440'

1

ROAD
LIME.

LINE

15
property,

35

land forms and roads.

by day, was poured over by night,
of the morning.
surveying

Scarcely

parties

We had all

11

help,"

often

till

gathered

the early

hours

had Mr. Lewis gone to bed when the

arrived

that

This material,

for

the next day's

stated

Mr. Lewis,

assignment.

and only one bathmy bedroom.u 36

room, which you got to by crossing

11

The Leg?l Aid--..
Mr·. Thomas Kea ting,
the Danbury titles
actually

a local

in order

lawyer,

to determine

held by deed and if there

as rights

of access,
Company. 37 He also

that

was hired

what the granter

were any conditions,

could later

helped

to search

be a ~asia~ce

locate

the heirs

principal

agents

such

to the

of five

estates

in the ~bwn of Danbury.
The Buyers.
The Company had three
the granters
Company.
Beach.

in the name of the Connecticut

Mr. Lewis assisted

In many cases

to the ·44o-foot

line

if the owner would not do business

used as boundaries

were no litigation

the buyers had to escort

as it

him what he was selling.

ran across

38

Elevation

his

of the lake can understand

and show

are seldom

term was a little

Anyone familiar
their

pro-

the ovmer

property

contours

in land deeds and this

awesome to the Danbury farmer.
line

Light and Power

They were Mr. Edmund Bly, Mr. J"•.T·. Rogers and Hr.

with the buyer· but in Danbury there
ceedings.

who approached

situation.

with the shoreLand was

16

bought
gular

in wedges and bulges,

not in the more familiar

rectan-

shape.
PUBLIC OPINION

The Company and the Public.
Here the fact
did not

seek to withhold

or the public.
relations
tected·

should

did not figure
from exhorbitant

by the State

water·-.

a small

in its

that

the Power Company

either

from the granters

enterprise

annual

domain,

Legislature
to their

any intention

projects

operation.

of denying

son project
electrical

created

in 1918.

(see

to all

page 31)

the public

to buy
Nor

its

founding

This had been the
with

the water

was the sole

utili-

the use of the

since

in conjunction

Clean or dirty,

pm·1er and this

of the property

and gave them the right

open to the public.

case with Lake Zoar,

They were pro-

granted

It had be·en the Company• s policy

to make its

and public

budget.

demands on the part

of eminent

any land necessary
was there

information

It was still

owners by the right
ties

be stressed

the Stevenwould produce

aim of the Rocky River

project.
General

Public

All of this
residents.

activity

did not go unnoticed

Two men took a special

on North Street.
and Dr. William
miles

Interest.

on shoreline

Dr. Frederick
Bronson,

interest

Pickett,

a local

from December,

physician,

by the local

in the com..~otion
a Danbury optometrist,
bought

1926, to July,

several

1927. 39

In

17

Most

cases

they got to the ovmers ten months ahead of the

4o

Power Company's agent.
Very little
tion.
given

interest

to the project

by the local

article

Only in the first

until

its

comple-

paper.

in the Danbury News Times .appeared

bury nwill

The article

paragraph

any way the extent

of the project.

body of water

accompanied

by a rough outline

that

Contracting
most people

such a 1:1ay that
Danbury for

it

Company.

in the Danbury basin
Bronson and Pickett

ment escaped

on October

was considered

front

releasedinforin

Mr. Lewis had been in

of the

had already

been purchased.

were well

was

and it was written

Forty-three

the imagination

mained ill-informed

The article

had of the lake,

of the Danbury shoreline.

the most

This was the first

impact.

in

Lake Dan-

map of the resevoir

had little

a year.

technical.

that

but probably

in Connecticut."

on

acknowledge

He stated

be not only the largest,

by the U.,G.I.

was fairly

did the reporter

picturesque

published

in the lake

from the amount and type of coverage

3, 1927, on page four.

mation

men were the exception.

Coverage.

The first
June

was taken

This is evident

Newspaper

But these

seventy-three

parcels

Doctors

on their··- way to owning a third

However,

this

phenomenal

of most people.

and misinformed

27, 1927.

develop-

The public

when a second article

This time,

however,

was

the lake

page material.

Water From Lake Ten Miles Long,
With Sixty Miles Of Coast Line,
Will Produce 45,OOO Kilowatts
Of
Electric
Power Which Will Be
Distributed
To 44 Connecticut
Communities With 450,000 Population.

re-

41

18

This article

was published

Secretary

of the Interior,

Roraback,

president

thing

to do with

had visited

the motivation
that

d-id not have to wait

the flooding

A year later,
started

two years

the·second

of the lake would

their

ed on February

plant.

An

The public

mudhole to appear·.

on October 12, 1928, the first

at the Rocky River

Mr.

article.

in two years.

for

Work,

This m,1 have had some-

behind

in December and would be full

Dr. Herbert
the project··with

of the Company.

It went on to state
begin

the day after

generation

amusing article

was
publish-

27, 1928 said:
Water Not Here·

Al though the ga te·s of the Rocky
River dam were closed in January and
the basin has been filling
through
natural
precipitation
the water has
not commenced to show at the dike in
Hayestown district.
42

Throughout

the early

cynicism,

a general

aloofness

that

newspaper
disbelief,

kept the lid

articles
a general

there

is a general

strain

of old Yankee

on Lake Candlewood to the point

of being ridiculous.
Four months later
I928 an article

the lid was blown off.

On June 18,

read:

$1000 Dollars an acre asked for choice
land along shores of Lake Danbury.
Real
estate developments boom as hundreds of
automobilists
line shores to view beauties
of Connecticut's
most attractive
lake.
Speed
boats numerous.
Excursions around entire
lake now available.
43
The excursion

was headed by Doctors

now the whole lake was threatened

Bronson and Pickett.

by outside

development.

By

19

The Hollister
in fact,
It

Reality

bought

seventy

is only then that

events

Company of White Plains,

concerning

acres

along

the Danbury Lake front.

we see almost

ccntinuous

the la~e in all

New York,

of the five

coverage

of all

tovms surround~

ing it.
Danbury Fish P--ndGame ~ssociation.
One other
since

its

group maintained

beginning.

tssociation.

This

Both Mr. Hall

\·las

avid

of the lake

of the

u.n.r.

that

this

feeling

of recreation

was so limited

for

and Game

Construction

Light

to speak to the group.

as a source

in the project

the Danbury Fish

pany and Mr. Lewis of the Connecticut
pany were invited

interest

Com-

and Power Com-

44They always thought

and sport.
so long.

It

is a pity

PROCEDURE
Period

of Buying.
In 1926 the Connecticut

buying

land.

By 1930 the process

be remembered
clearing

cases.

date.
1929,

the date

peripheral

properties,

of· highways.(see

in 1928 and the

of buying,

in 1927. 46

in disagreement

although

it

The Company rein practically

paper· are from the Danbury Land
of sale

There were only ten parcels
7
and two in 1930~ The later

rather

than

acquired

in 1928, four

transactions

estates
table

the recorded

concerned

or land acquired

in
cer-

for

the

one) •.

Criterion.

The criteria

Records.
convenient

used by the Company is set forth

in the

Datum in Volume !73, page 600 of the Danbury Land

Rocky River

(see

appendix)

system

above 44o-foot,

tour

are

used in this

and signify

Elevation

lay

began early

was concentrated

Dates

relocation

and Power Company began
was complete. 4 5 It should

so the period

and the Town records

Records

tain

the flooding

to that,

extended,

cords
all

that

prior

appears

Light

between

contours

of land classification:

line.

the Company bought

level

(430 feet:)

(see figure

3)

provide

a

land which was

land which was below 44o feet,

the water

elevation

These elevation

and land which

and the 440-foot
In all

possible

land only to the 44o-foot

contour

concases

line.

Below 44o Feet-.
This category
basin

and others

included
that

parcels

that

formed the backland

lay wholly

within

of a holding

the

Tfl~E

ONE

ROCKY3.IVER DEVELOPMENT
Town of Danbury
Date

Vol.

Page

Acres
Below

John R. Beatty

10-30-27

131

177'

53.,87

2356.00

Pheobe Word"en

12-17-27

181

206

34.83

3000.00

1- 7-27

181

207

1.-17

5500.00

John Moody

1-27-27

181

207

1.19

800.00

Rarry·Mckee

2,- 7-27

181

210

3.23

100 ..00

Edmund· Sauer

2- 7~27

181

208

5.19

225 ..00

C•.W..A. Weber

2- 7-27

181

209

2.09

4oo.oo

Conrad· Landsieael

5-12--27

181

218'

6.7r

750.00

Willaim

Moody

2- 7-27

181

208"

13.12

600 ..00

Charles

R. Hamlin

3-31-27

181

217:

8.84

350.00
125.oo

Grantor

.r.s.

Jerf· & D. Clifford

44o,

Cost

Egbert

Frill

2-21-27

18I

2TO

6.45

Alfred

Ruff1.e-s

5-27-27

181

220

0 ..23

25.00

Earl Moody

2-21-27

181

211

lOA

500.00

Albert

Olson

2-24-27

181

212

4.02

225.00

Walter

Meyer

7-25-27

181

220·

Kittie

Lee

4-26-28

181

211

26.14

850.00

}-31-27

181

216

8A.

300.00

Emil Pauli

2-21-27

181

212

0.52

2000.00

David' Hawley

3-10-27

181

213

21.95

1850.00

Edythe McCabe

9- 9-27

181

221

17.39

700.00

H.. & J. Shepherd

3-16-27

181

214

20.15

1250.00

11-13-30

188

8

39.28"

2000.00

Alfred-Higson

John

c.

&

Shepherd

s.

Simek

100.00

Granter·

Date

Vol.

Page

Acres
Below
440•·

Cost

Charles

Camp

5-12-27

181

219

4.72

175.00

Charles

Camp

5-12-27

181

219

18. 9S-

2325.00

3-21-27

181

215

o.5o

150.00

2-24-27

ltl

213

7-29-27

181

221

3.33

250.00

3-31-27

181

217

1.06

550.00

12-27-27

181

113

8.72

300.00

181

105

8.42

200.00

12-27-27

131

113

14.45

775.00

.Andrew Elsenboss

5-27-27

181

151

3.23

175.00

Letitia

4-20-27

181

100

0.74

170.00

4-20-27

181

99

1.19

125.00

George· Goff

2-20-27

181

98

98.45

17 ,000.-00

E.L.

4-20-27

181

99

o.44

215.00

5-12-27

181

101

9.99

1220.00

John Gaml'l'lie

5-12-27

181

101

11.77

70·00.00

Alfred

2- 7-27

181

97

13.85

4-oo.oo

4-20-27'

181

100

1.07

24-o.oo

Edwin Kellogg

5-27-27

181

103

4.98

9000.00

Margaret

5-27-27

181

103

2.50

265.00

5-27-27

181

102

4.78'

150.00

6- 3-27

181

105'

I4A

500-.00

7- 7-27

181

107

Road'

1035.00

2-24-27

131

98

0.24

25.00

Clarence

St.George

Michael
B.S.

&

Kubicek
C.L. Clifford

Charles

Willis

Charles

Hawley
Shotland·

C•. Camp & J.
S ..w... Bradley

.Ahdr·ew

Ferdinand·

Beers

Joseph

Est.

Janeski

Connell

Ruffles
or· J.R.

English

M. Montrose
Est.

& E. Starr

of Se-th Addis

William
Walter

Spain

Hawley
Meyers

·•

6- 3-27

------

Granter

Date

Vol.

Page

Acres
Below
Cost41+o-r-

Phoebe Worden

7-2-5-27

181

108'

Roacr

200.00

William

7-29-27

181

110

I.61

350.00

C..J .. & A..P. Dyer

7-29-Zl.

181

110

William

Hawley

7-25-27

181

107

Road

150.00

Wm. A. Wildman

7-29-27

181

111

21.18

500.00

.J .J •. .Torgensen

9- 9-27

181

112

0.07

10.0·0

M.M. Martini

9- 9-27

181

152

0.36

3500.00

8-15-27

181

111

o.47

150.00

Wm. A. Wildman

5-29-28

181

104

76.84

9000.00

Edgar-· F. Hayt·

7-29-27

181

109

1.14

50 •.00

W•.T.. Bronson & Pickett

7~29-27

181

108

34.11

Exchange

12-27-27

181

114

13.07
14.66

500.00

Moody

of Philo

Est.

Silas

Hamlin

Vincent

------

12,-000.00

O.F. Hokanson

7- 9-18'

162·

42

Har·ley B. Weld

7- 7~27

181

106

0.51

26.00

Edwin Hydeman

3- 5~28

181

201

1.74

350.00

George Chase

12;...27-27

181

201

0.03

Nina Foote

11-30-27

181

202

0.71

1000.00

7- 3-28

181

200

3.8-

2000.00

3-15-28

181

199

19.18

1000.00

3- 5-28

181

200

6.59

350-.00

3- 5-2.8

181

199

2.04

236.00

5-20-29

186

278

12.75

2500.00

1-30-29

186

136

1.61

300.00

.ras. Marsh

of .J. McLaughlin

Est.

Hannah Moody
Est·.

of A.zra Scott.

Gilbert
H.

&

Vinal

H. Moody

Vol.

P8ge

.Acres
Below

Cost

5-14-29

186

263

0.87

75.00

H. & H. Noody

5-14-29

186

261

6.92

15110.00

,John Mietelski

7- 5-28

181

222

6.30

1800.00

John Doyle

7- 7-28

18

223

0.79

200.00

John Haitch

7-23-29

82

179

2.75

100.00

11-13-30

186

323

1.09

125.00

Granter
Fannie

C.' ..r.

Date
Hoyt

Henning

44-of

26

that

was mostly

above the 44o-foot

land

of George Goff,

for

contour

example,

line.

was bought

The farm-

completely;

while

the farmland of Michael Kubicek was dissected
by the
8
contour line~
The better
part of his land-the
fields
and
pasture,
tour

the house and barn-all

line-along

Great Plain

lay above the ltl+o-foot

con-

Road.

Above 44o Feet.
In Danbury,
foot
is

line

holdings.

Jennie

Jerf

1.7 acres
The rest
house

of their

gone,

case was that
tered

across

all

the country.

Estate.

into

The surplus
In some cases
bathing
land

it

was leased

facilities.

on the west

side

sold

to the various

In Danbury,
of the basin

home and

to the Company.
With their

to them.

His Heirs

44o~foot

land was eventually

of

of Misses

their

None of them expressed

above the
Company hands. 49

this

inaccessible

to 0.84 acres.

of the land was useless

of the A:zra Scott

44o-

the Company was obliged

below the 1+4o-foot line,
amounted

sale

them with

They sold

to keep the 11.6 acres
passed

left

Clifford.

holdings

the rest

line

for

the

One such case was that

and Dorothy
of land,

The reason

found that

Therefore,

to buy the whole parcel.

bought above the

two)

grantors

below the 440-foot

useless

of land

( see table

These sixteen

land

entirely

cases

were known.

simple.

their

sixteen

a great

contour

were scatthe desire
line,

to private
to'\rms for
deal

,nother

so it

indiviffuals.
public

of the surplus

was bought by the federal

or

Tt.BLE TWO

ROCKYRIVER
TOv.·r-:OF Dt-.NBlJnY

Acres of Land
above 44o•

o.84
7.59

Jerf & Clifford
Edith McCabe
Charles \'lillis
Letitia
Andrew
George Goff
E. Beers et al.
Joseph Connell
John Spain Estate
Edwin Kellogg
William A. Wildman
Martin Martini
William P._. Wildman

Henry & Hannah Eoody
U

0.07
6.72

3.5
o.85
21.2

17.6

o.85

9.23
5.5
11.6
28'.8

Edgar Hayt
Arza Scott Estate
Gilbert
Vinal
U

5.82
3.8
21.0

It

7.8

6.o

0.1 (1945)
1.68 (1944)
5.9 (1947)
5.82 (1947)
3.8 (1947)
20.8 (1945)
0.06 (1938)
6.72 (1947)
3.5 (1947)
o.85 (1938)
21.18 (1918)
17.6 (1948)
o.85 (1937)
9.23 (1950)
5.5 (1947)
11.6 (1947)
2.0
(1927)
26.8 (1947)
7.8 (1945)
6.o (1928)

28

government

as part

of the Federal

37.50-The sale of surplus

route

of revenue

for

the Company.

1945

and today

estate

market.

Correctional

Institution

on

land was an unexpected

source

Most of the land was sold

after

the Company has no lake

property

on the real

51

Between 44o and 430 feet.
A third
430-foot-

group of ten granters

contour

line,

Company, in these
O'\<medbetween
this

owned no land below the

the actual

cases,

level

bought whatever

the 430 and 44o-foot

land was never

tween the water

flooded.

level

in all

The ten feet

and the extent

developments

fluctuation

of this

in the water

level

a storage

depth
(6.8

even though

of elevation

of property

be-

bought

and

precautionary
measure
2
kina:
It provides for

recording

that

might

of the 430-foot

Data.

One of the reasons

feet

lines,

line.

Other Elevation

basin

The

the granter

and in any mistakes

have been made in the instrument
contour

land

contour

o·wned by the Company was a standard
taken

of the water.

floor
along

site

for

was because

choosing

the Rocky River

of the uniform

flatness

basin

of the

(4oO-foot
its

throughout

average)
and the sharp rise of thirty
3
edges:
This provides an average thirty-foot
and,

consequently,

a large

enough volume

billion
cubic feet) to make a hydroelectric
4
feasible.5
Above 430 feet the elevation
presents

project
a problem.

as

29

There are five
these

.
on the rim of th e b asin.

low points

was in Danbury at the present

on Hayesto-wn Road.
extensive,
adding

Without

shallow-water

ostensibly

and thirty

440-foot

actually

Road) in two places

stopping

behind.

crosses

and the 430-foot

(see figure

estates
parcels

location

of the Heirs

Thomas Keating
boundaries
parcels
winter

was resolved

remains

problems

involved
The heirs

at some

in the pur:of five

estates

fell

The determination

when the whole area was frozen.
arrangement

with

dif-

of sev-

Pond had to be determined.

56

The

to Mr.

of the unknovm

All of the unknown

They were inaccessible

by direct

(Hayestown

and the boundaries

by the surveyors.

were swamp land.

were acquired

highway

line

of the various

in Danbury.

where the

4)

had to be located,
around Neversink

not

This is par-

of the lake

of land in the Town of Danbury.

ferent
eral

tip

an

Four hundred

point.

the present

There were two outstanding
chase

of the dike,

bay would have been created,

in the southernmost

line

distance

the construction

was a natural

true

of the Danbury Dike

to the volume of the lake.

feet

ticularly

site

55 0ne o f

except

The rest

in the

of the parcels

the grantors.

POLICY
Strawman Policy.
The majority
Charles

of the deeds were bought

L. Campbell,

They were later

then

transferred

secretary-treasurer

in the name of
of the Company.

by him to the corporation.

The

57

"" Ro.

FIGURE

CONTOUR
SOUTHERJN

4

DATA
END

31

date,

again,

state

that

within
that

is of some contention.
the deeds were individually

the deeds were transferred

buyers

all

purposes,

into

Company hands.

Mr. Campbell,
for
Light

the land

project

the corporation.

are no longer

land above the 44o-foot
sary.

was easier

cases

line,

the authorized

the Connecticut

than going

through

where the Company had to buy

the use of a strawman was neces-

This land was not considered

and exceeded

with

It can only be surmised.that·

individual

In those

like

The men who made policy

and Power Company today.

the use of a private

once bought by the

The use of a strawman,

was Company policy.

the Rocky River

usually

in bulk in 1928 and 1930.

practical

passed

transferred,

58 The Danbury Land Records show
59

a month of the sale.

But for

The company records

necessary

for

the project

amount.

Eminent Domain.
The Company approached
advantage.

This was the right

the Company in its
eminent

Charter

domain means that

Company must be given
granted

to the railroad

is the old story

to the eminent

fact

that

a public

a definite

up by the owner.

The private

hall

to the

highways.

shows sufficient

It

and not standing

individual

and highway concerns.
utility

Briefly,

This is the same right

and public
city

to

legislature.

land which is used or useful

companies

legal

domain granted

domain of the power company,

of railroad
if

with

of eminent

by the state

of not fighting

in the way of progress.

passage

the grantors

must acquiesce

to easement
It

and

amounts to the
justification

32

they can build
farm thirty
rights.

a highway through

feet

They are rights

If an exhorbi tant
land,

under water ..

appraisers

In the entire
who went through

room or put your

These are certainly

the Company was careful

powerful
not to abuse.

amount of money was asl·rnd for any parcel

they had the right

interested

your living

to ask the courts

to set
project

a value

to appoint

dis-

to the land.

there

condemnation

~ere only five individuals
proceedings. 60 None of them

were from D::mbury. One Company spokesman put it
"we bought what we had to and ·we paid what

,:Je

this

had to.n

way:
61

of

----

THE LOCATION
General' Distribution
rt· eTeva tion

for

was the key conce-pt to land

the Company, roads

The seventy-three
along

were the concept

granters

the granters.

in the Town of Danbury were found

five· major· road's:

and Stadley

for

classification

Hayestown Road,

Rough Road on the east

side

Pembroke Road and' Route 37 on the west

Great Plain

Road

of the basin,

and

5).

sid'e (see

figure

consisted

of ten par-

The· S.outh
The southernmost

end of the basin

cel·s ( see figure 6).
Three were to the south of Hayestown
63
Road. 62 Seven were to the north, within the basin proper.
The three

parcels

Company's

grouping

tween the- 430-foot
They were part
the· east
parcels

south

of individuals
and- 44o-foot

of larger

and west

sides

the house or· Jennie

part

figure

seventy-six

acres

Three other

parcels

Danbury dikes
Road ..

contour

holdings

el'evation

lines.

owned by the granters
The other

on
seven

the farm of George Goff,

and Dorothy

Clifford,
and the milk
64
of Edwin Kellog.
They were on the

of Hayestown Road that

the basin~(see

in the

who owned land· only be-

end' included

Jerf

orchard

included

of Hayestown Road.

in the southern

shed' and' apple

of the highway are

7).

was condemned in order
The southern

end also

of the Wildman farm on East
were used for

and the relocation

included

Pembroke Road.

the construction
of a portion

to flood·

of the

of Hayestown

\
'--C"L/
~---L---_.-\__.~

~~

-

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~

--'-"----

\

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----_,,,._✓

E[&DR:E 5
HlGllWAYS

.,,.

,_
----

I

I

I

I

l

I

I

I
I

I
I

I

0,0FI=

✓----

__

,,,,--1

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I

r----I

F l&URE

f,

PRo?eR.TY
SOUTl-tE.R.N '&NO

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E

'II"\

w:>At/3, AtJt>\-\O\) SE$
50\)T

~e,R.N

e.,Nt>

The Middl'e'
North

of the farm of George Goff the basin

about

two thousand

feet.

River

formed the boundary· between

and west sides,..(see
Great
all

Plain

John Beatty,

along

Michael

lived

this

this

the hill

and cleared,

Their

the

side

used even less

land

of the basin
than

the east

side.

slopes

and wooded.

its

families

mentioned

earlier.

Lee and Azra Scott
entirely

inaccessible.

to make the west
the hearty

jeld

campers

One campsite
ing goods: store

67

or woodland.
passage

the west

was

stretched
Pond.
side

had

Pembroke Road and Route 37.

completely

on the west

Alfred

the basin,

unprofitable,

in Danbury.

Kittie
but it
togetber

except

of Neversink

was owned by Emil Pauli
on White Street

Ruffles,

and swamp joined

shore

The

A. Wildman, who was

s.own into

Mountain

side

was
66

side was tillable

of Neversink

Still,

Connell,

land

swamp flies.

Bear Mountain

was William

Joseph

but even this

narrow

to the foot

and farms along
landowner

There was perhaps

pasture

in this

Its

single

ran from the

on the east

tip

largest

into

stream,

from the southernmost
were steep

Almost
the basin. 6 5

farms

mos,t of it was used for

The west

on the east-

of the basin

of the numerous

of the basin

the Rocky

Edythe McCabe and Phoebe Wor-

road.

along

to

the wilderness.

road dipped

shunned by the cows because
part

To the east

down to the stream.

of grassland

Although

section

the property

way into

Kubicek,

along

highway over
one acre

8).

figure

Road' weaved its

of the farms

den all

Through this

narrowed

for

Pond.

who ran a sport-

68

The other

was

-----

-

... ...

FlG-lJRE

8

4o

was m.med by Nina Foote. 69
commercially

run.

of two cabins
be reached
tain

They were primitive

and several

by crossing

from Route 37.

iliar

object

They were neither

tent

public

campsites

70

platforms.

the swamp or by path

nor

consisting

They could

only

down the moun-

This type of camp was evidentty

a fam-

in the Rocky River basin because of the pres71
natural
ponds.
The camp provided a cool sum-

ence of four
mer retreat

for

a family

N-eversink

Swamp

The Neversink
The arrangement

outing

or a group of friends.

Pond area was a vast

of parcels

in this

area

swamp (see
defies

9).

figure

description.

All

of the holdings were small in size, ranging from two to
twenty acre-s. 72 The granters
used these parcels
for fire-

wood and timber.7 3
far

removed from the rest

English
Earl

In most cases

family

two miles

identity.

this

for

A person

the boundaries

grantor

the

of swamp while

land had been passed

generations.

It had all

or the swamp parcel
in this

they owned property

were hard-pressed

acres

was

in the swamp

down through
but lost

its

would oi,,m rand' in the swamp and die,

Some of the granters
that

For instance,

Road- owned ten acres
home. 74

from his

same family

2.5

parcel

Plain

In many cases,
the

of the farm.

in Germantown owned

Moody on Great

the woodland

there

to recall

when informed

area

would pass

their

away with him.

had completely

at all.

forgotten

Those who r·emer:-ibered

bounding

of his neighbora

and

neighbors.

One

in the swamp said

1'
Ooo,,"'
•

.,•

oo

"..,
0

o

00
(IO

•

•"' .. • " q .,
0
..
..
" •., • .,
0
•"
0

~ D

•

0

0

• •

0

•

•

t,,

, ".0.."
~
o •

.,,.

"

41

.. C>.

•

0

..

0

,0

..

"•., .,., •••o
o, '°
0

C,

"

""•""

6

0

.,

.,

~

C,

-

0

0

0

•

0

0

., •
•

0

0 0

o.o
• "oO
t)

0

~o
ob

•

u

"oo<> •
O .,o
0

fO•o

-

q

42

that

he had' never

invented

heard

of them,

by the Company in order

Accusations

of this

the interviewed
Company's

they were probably

to complete

the project.75

kind were not uncommon.. Many. or·

grantors

property

and that

disagreed

substantially

map (see appendix).

with

Their

the

arguments

seem

to be val'idated
by substantial
material
other than land' records. 76 One· grantor
sta tea that his parcel was along the
highway while

on the property

The Company would' contend
crepancies
cumulated
granters
else.

for

vate

state

The pond i tsel'f

varied

the complicated

composition

sonally.

on its

the land

largest..

by survey

considerations

parcels
it

that

that

appears

dishad ac-

that

of the aver-

even cons-ervative

par-

and served- to aggra-

of the swamp.
also

many

but somewhere

the velocity

shores

Their

resolved

parcels,

seasonally

The only alternative

them at their

cult

surveyed

is admirable
8
some distance ..7

bordered

surveys

In reality,,

but it

immediately

these

generations.

The Company does· not

covered'

their

of idividual

were not on their·

age parcel
eels

that

in the location

away. 77

map it was some· distance

varied'

Par-eels
in size

thatsea-

for· the Company was to buy
surveys

repeate'dly

was more than the land
made the Neversink

showed' that
by deed. 79 All of

area

the most diffi-

ta aaquire ..
HUMtN JtSPECTS

The· Grantor-Farme?
Most of- the granters

were farmers.

The head of the

4-3

family

usually

eggs., milk,

held a permanent

sweet- corn,

to-bacco and apples

offically

to the surrounding

expected

to be the sole

was:- the fuel

for

traveled

by horse

These roads

81

source

and heating.

Kerosene

There was no postal

sides· of the- road..
River

Project

was used for

tions

to this

pattern

general

by the farmers

mud d'itches

surround'ing

farming.

in the basin

to work.

of road' in front

were two-foot

The whole area

p-eople

roads

in the winter

Each one did" the portion

was

delivery.-

to town and back over dirt

In the spring there
82

farm.

but the farm was never
of family income. 80 Wood

we,re hand shoveled

thems-elves.

w.ere sold peri-

towns,

both cooking

used in the lamps.

job in the town .. !fogs,

of his
on both

the Rocky

The only excep-

were George Goff and Silas

Vincent.

farm which supplied

The Goff farm was a poultry
income for

the family.

Silas.

who appeared" to thrive
point

in the basin.

ed Neversink

Bridge

and extend·ea
network

brought

corn and oats

stock.

He pressed

was the only grantor

in the s:wamp. His mill
An ext-ension

Sherman .. Along this

competitor-,

Vincent

of Great
up into

of roads,

who-se rates

apples

into

were higher·,

was a focal

Plain

Road cross-

New Milford

the local

to be ground as feed

their

the whole

for

cider.

and'

farmers
their

live-

His nearest

operated

on North

The Exodus:

Finally,
thought

that

in d1scu~sing
the creation

the granters,

none or· them

of a: lake would disrupt

a well

Street

..8 3

44

established,

fondly

remembered way of life;

The- power· company indirectly
rural

part

of Danbury.

84

borl'iness.
owned' land

The .feeling

is that

the lake

the shore

Point. 85

was solff to

neigh-

who still

the business

to personally

are no Bea ttys,

develop

A chapel

until

the family

The mail boxes along
exodus of· local

stopping
stands

when once, it was filled

with

sum-

Part
An-

George and became Ta' Agan

no Wordens and no McCabes.

and buggies

ex-

and became Snug Harbor·.

ft.ttorney

to the great

time of day.

their

It would have been fool-

it.

capital

The farm shrunk

testify

The granters

they had neither

to Donald Joseph

home and' moved away.

more horse

sold

lo·st

ana the

This. is how: the Kubice-k farm went.

of it was sold
other- part

people

that

moved in.

nor the necessary

mer communities.

today

blow at this

In most cases

ish not to.
perience

a death

New people

along

d"id.

dealt

s·o invaded' the area

developers

but it

at every

finally

Gre·at Plain

their

Road

farmer·s.

There

There ar·e no
house to pass

unuse-a.· on Great
hard working,

sola

Plain

the

Road,

God-fearing

fam~

ilies.
The Aftermath
The year· 1'929 itself·
new miseries

for

brought

some star·tling

the Danbury farmer.

It

the completion

of the lake

that

the effects

ten confused~-

One grantor

said

that

the lake,

peolpe

adtni tted· that

lost

their

he had not

sense

after

changes

so closely

and

followed

of both are of';_
the creation

of humanity. 86

of

Another

seen a horse, eye to eye in thirty

45

87

years.

The feelings

the lake

are a mixture

gia for
ness

the virtue

table

great

benefits
only

grantors

that

standard

of living.

of the power coffi-

project

made possible,

business

due praise.

is only

conside

of the area,

position

developers,

growth

in more comfor-

AII of them are aware of the

the Rocky River

or local

the performance
monetary

the Connecticut

its

its

contribution

creation

is

themselves

the tourists

of the Housa tonic

of all,
River

benefits

to the stockholders

Light

and Power Company.

rr·

the shore.
the

and the campers

The lake

and· contractors.
Last

from

upon the grantors,

progression.

commerce.

The

was due to the fact

to protect

the Iake

to the

justified.

bent on developing

the speculators,

the relaters

·ed for

effort

interests

in a logical

or commerce its

of the grantors

domain had· forced-

for

live

by a

would begrudge

the real- estate

iness

and replaced

They are patrons

they made no joint

followed

and bitter-

None of the

beauty

eminent

nostal-

but to the whole state.

unfortunate
that

was inter-rupted

the lake.

about

to themselves,

If- the lake
natural

and the- farmer,

They enjoy a higher

cavities.

created

now express

and nostalgia:

Now the grantors

surroundings.

pany that

able

of farm life

model.

They get less

the grantors

of bitterness

because- a way of' life

much inferior

not

that

became big bus-

It encouraged
the lake

the

guaranteed'

and- brought

consider-

and employees

of

THE CONSTRUCTION
The Main Dam
The construction
Milford

and the five

sub-contracted
deiphia,

smaller

All of this

near

were established·

bunk houses,
shop.

shed,

construction

started

the project

in July,

a narrow
First
feet

a concrete

a carpenter

immediately

and thirty

with

wall

of earth

feet.

about

wide at its
from the east

base.

long,
91

side

and a

a machine shop,
90
shop.
Work on the
the authorization

of

a mile from the juncture

the Housatonic.

It

stretches

above the original
core wall,
Upon this

100 feet
A 3,190 foot

Hill

ground

extending
core wall

site.

high,

367,800

A-

hundred
cubic

The completed

and .. about

long canal

of five

level.

to four

sluicing.

of the dam to a concrete

47

across

from an average

was packed by hydralic

dam was 952 feet

four

shop,

after

was constructed

a timber

five

hundred

1926.

below to ten feet
rose

camps

a bank, a bakery,

gap known to the Company as the Garding

bove this

feet

other·

About nine

and an electric

The main dam is located
of the Rocky River

the su--

The main camp included

a store,

There was also

a drill-sharpening

and four

the basin.

house,

Company of' Phila-

The main work camp and mess

were employed. 89
a bath

in New

rim was

work was under

the dam site,

throughout

and· twenty,men

a:long the basin

Construction

or Mr •. W.H. Hal1. 88

were, situated

barber-

dikes

u •.G.I.

to the

Pennsylvannia.

pervision
hall

of the main dam and power plant

700 feet

branches
conduit

off
that

48

carries

the· water

the water

to the power house

plunges.

2.-30 feet

bank of the Housatonic.
water

into

225,000
feet

is useff to pump

Two huge pumps. capable

of throwing

of water

were the largest

were so huge that
he called

From here

to the power house below on the
This same penstock

the· basin.

gallons

penstock.

per· !Ilinute against a height of 240
.
92 The·se pumps
built at that tlille..

when the manufacturer

rece-ivecr the order

the Company to see if a decimal" point

pla:ced·.93

The power house' also

.
2,L
:~,ooCY1~-~w genera t ing

contains

had been mis-

the turbine·

and' a

uni.. t 94

The Dike·s
0

To take
five

small

care

of the low point-.s in the· rim of the basin
dams· were built. 95 Two of these were· in Danbury,

in the shape of an "Lu.. They were similar,

buiTt

to the main dam in New Milford,
core wall,

and 59,495

for· the Danbury dikes,
into

position.

ville

yards· of earth

however,

The three

a concrete

other

was hauled,

and timber
fiTr.9 6 The earth
wetted

dams are located'

and rolled
near

Lanes-

in the· Town o.f' New Milford •.

The·CTearing

and Flooding

In clearing
44o-foot

the basin,

all

trees

line· were· cut and burned.

done by the granters
lumber

cubic

with

in design

concerns,

and brush
Some of this

below the
work was

themselves

but saivage

or sub-contracted"
to local
was ne,gligible··• 97 Five hundrea

Maine ancT Canadian wood·smen w.ere involved in the clearing
alone. 98 All of the timber was hand sawed.
By early 1928

49

the clearing

and· construction

Only the turbine
through

remained

to be finished.99

the main dam that

the water

was closed

on January

during

first·

pumping from the Housatonic

tion

construction

By December 31, 1928,
of 419.85

feet.

on June IO, 1929..
at 429.0
plant

feet.

went into

started

the lake

The project

that

7, 1928.

on February

had reached

1929,

operating

cycle.

The

25,

an ele,vacompleted

the elevation

the Rocky River

a. regular

of the Rocky

was considered

By September·,

Af'ter

The s·Iuice

had carried

River

1928...

the dams was complete.

of

stood

Hydro-electric
100

The New Power'
The power· created
was, caTried

There

by high

it was stepped

in the southwestern
that

at the Rocky River

tension

lines

plant

to a point

(66,000

volts)

near· Waterbury.

down and came back for commercial use
101
part of the state.
It was inevitable

most of the electric

power in Connecticut

would come

from this·. irmnense system.
P.OSTDILUVIUM
The Naming
Not long after
began looking
many things,

for

the completion
an appropriate

depending

of the lake,
name.

County Planning
tis

of the Curtis

action

Association
School

in the matter.

The lake

on which town you lived

time Lake Danbury was. the leading

contender..

was urged
in Brookfield

He felt

that

the relators
was called·

in.

For a

The Fairfield

by Mr. Frederick
Center

to take

it wou1a· be unfair

Cursome
to the

50

other

four

discovered

towns if
that

the lake were called

the New Milford

name Lake Candlewood,
the lake
Curtis

fell

within

Times had been using

based on the fact

that

He
the

the water

of

the shadow of Candlewood Mountain.

got the Association

Geodetic

Lake Danbury.

to petition

the United

Survey to use th::1t name on all

done and the name received

official

its

States

maps.

approval

Mr·.

This was

and adoption.

102

The Development~
On :May 23, 1928,

the Danbury News announced the first
103·
on Lake Danbury, the Cedar·s.
This

shore

development

first

was once again

Two months earlier

captured

by Doctors

Bronson

and Pickett.

they had been among the first

four

men to

cruise

Lake Danbury's length,
only twenty-five
days after the
pumping began •.1o4 Water had not reached the Danbury dikes,
but this

little

party

bucked floating

ice and logs

to re2ch

the main dam in an open boat.
A year later,

two new developments were announced,
still
devel"oped by the two doctor·s. 105 Thirteen
bungalows had been
erected with fif ty-fbot
frontage,. 106 Interest
in the lake
was increasing.

Campe,rs and picknicers

flocked

By 1934 there· were seven new developments,
pioneer

sites

by the Danbury News Times.

house was a log cabin

with no foundation,

dividuals

lodges

built

stone

on double

to the shor·e. 107

quaintly
108

The typical

although
plots.

called

some in-

The Longview

development reported
the construction
of some year-round
homes. 109 In this year the Danbury Yacht Club and Wildmants

51

Landing

came into

Times_ published
tions

a guide

of the. guide

Dr-iftwood
tised

110
·

existance.

are

In 194o the New Milford·

to the shoreline
included

in Danbury,

communities.

in the appendix.

Sec-

Point

wooded lake-front
and ad"ver.;.
bus stop at its entrance. 111 This was a.

a school

offered

considerable

gain.

It

involved

development,

the owner states,

permanent

residence.

dis112
criminating
people who wish to live close to naturen ..
113
Another was. laid" out "for real comfort, quiet and rest~.
Another

owner's

aim was to upreserve

tween the wholesome,
mountainous
setting
living'.,". 114
After

of the earlier

tions

were placed

race,

his religion,

developments

size

not

It
lake

social

to the summer resident.
vast

amounts

minded vacationer.

is interesting

has brought

avoided
were

More restric-

buyer as regards his
status. 11 5 The older
planned.

The furniture

beds to deck chairs,

equiped" for winter

that

More restrictions

in Danbury had been too hastily

from ugly iron
mically

demanded by· modern

and the type of· house.

and his

be-

in a wild,

were created

ones.

those

balance

of life

comforts

on the prospective

Danbury began selling

for

a careful

simplicity·

and those

on the plot

catered

rustic

194o-, new developments

the mistake·s
placed

nwas planned

One

stores

They
in

or· su.mrner--furnishings,
all

aimed at the econo-

Even today many of the homes are
living.
to note

in the least

that

the Danbury end of the

amount of revenue

in real
,,

52

estate

taxes

closest

compared to the other

point

Westchester

of the lake
County.

with

Without

four

respect

insulting

towns.

It is the

to Nm·1 York and
any of the present

ovm.ers,, the Danbury end of the lake was primitive
if not,

exploited.

Outside

on, but on the whole,
and b~tter

planned.

they all

taurants,
all

vice

patronized
centers

brought
it

the quality
local

grocery

by the lake
took their

great

to be more gracious

construction

peolpe.

place

enjoyment

of the different

stores,

along

more money and more people

brought

tended

116

encouraged

theaters,

of Danbury some of the same went

the houses

Not ·withstanding
ments,

developed,

and paint

develop-

firms.
stores

Boat salesrooms
the shore.
into

Danbury~

to many Danburians.

Reswere
and ser-

The lake
Finally,

FOOTNOTES

1.

Interview
with Hr.
(September
1966)

Jeffery

2 •.

Todd", P ..L. and curti,
(Ne"1J1York, Harcourt,

Lewis,

Watertown,

Connecticut

Merle, ~l\merica's
Historf,
Brace and Company, I95G

,

"The Housatonic
River,•t
Collier's
Encyclopedia,
(New York, Crowell-Collier,
1952), Vol. 10, p.

P• 423

207

11 Guid'e to Lake CandTewood,
"Lake Candlewood:..-Connecticut,
(New Milford,
New Milford
_Tomes, 1946), p. 5

The Connecticut
C.}:. McWilliams,

11

Interview,
Ibid..
called

with

Light and' Power Companyn
(Preliminary
draft-,
June
Mr. Jeffery

Lewis,.

(November

Copy of"
1962)
1966)

It is. interesting
to note that Mr. Roraback firstthe Powe·r Company the Rocky River· Power Company •.

'1The Connecticut

Light

and Power

Companytt

There were· actually
three power plants
then on the H'ousatonic.
The third
one, the· Falls
Village
plant was not
in the C.L. & P. Syst-em.

IO.

Interview

11.

Interview.
with Mr. A..L. Bisio,
Department-.,
Connecticut
Light
Connecticut·.
(November· 1966)

with

''-The Connecticut

13.

Ibid.

14-.

Ibid.

16.

1

Mr. Jeffery

Light

Lewis~

(November

1966)

Head of' the Real Estate
and Power Company, Berlin,

and Power

Company"

':ltg~-Old Problem of Saving Dissipated
Power Solved by
Great Rocky River Project,"·
The Danbury Evening Times,
November 20, 1928

uThe Connecticut

Light

and Power

53

Company"·

54

18.

Ibid~

19.

Ibia.

20.

11

21.

Interview

22.

"Connecticut
Lake Named Candlewoodt~,
August. 18, 1929

23.

ncand1.ewoocI Panorama~•,

24.

nconnecticut

See Crisfield

General

-Candlewood Panorama,u
Summer, 1948, p. 14
with

Pr·operty

Danbury

Mr·• .Jeffery

Development

Lewis,

Commission,

(November

1966)

New York Times,

p. I.4

Lake Named Candlewood,

11
"Lake Candiew.ood'--Connecticut,
wood, (New Milford,
New Mil.ford

26.

Map in appendix.

0

New York T1mes.

Guide to Lake CandleT1mes, I94d), p. 5

Ibid.
Interview

with

28.

ttThe Connecticut

29.

Ibid.

Mr • .Jeffery
Light

Lewis,

(September,

1966)

and Power c·ompany•t.

30.
31.

Interview

with

Dr. Michael

Kubicek,

32.

Interview

with

Mr·• .Jeffery

Lewis,

33.

Ibid.

34.

Ibid.

35.

Ibid.

36.

Ibid.

37.

Interview.

with

Mr •. A.L.

38.

Interview

with

Mr • .Jeffery

39.

Danbury Land Record's,
Vol. 176, pp. 190, 191, 152, 96.
Vol. 1.75, pp.
376,142, 143, 144, 188. Vol. 173, p. 51.7

4o.

Ibid".

41.

ttFiooding
First, 11

Bisio,

(S-eptember,

(November,

Lewis,

1966)

(December-,

1966)

1966)

(November,

1966)

of B1ggest. Connect.icut
Lake Begins December
The Danbury Times, October - 27, 1927, p. I

55

44

"Pumps Start
Filling
February
27, 1928

Basin,n

The Danbury

3reni"1.f

lt:$1.,ooo
An

Shores· or·
.Tune 18', 1928

Acre Asked For Choice Land Along
Lake Danbury, 1• The Danbury Evening Times,

44-. The Danbury News, March 7, 1928,
uThe Connecticut

Light

News,

p.24

and Power· Companytt·

'l'Rocky River Development--T'own
of Danbury, it U-:npublished
list
supplied
by Mr·. A.L. Bisio of the Connecticut
Light and Power Company (See appendix)·

48.

52.
53.

"'Rb:cky River· Irydro-Electric
U-npublisheff map supplied

levelopment
Ind·ex Map,n
by Mr. A.• L. Bisio ..

Interview

with

Mr·. A.L. Bisio,

Interview

with

Mr. Jeffery

Interview

with

Mr. A.L.

Lewis,
Bisio,

1966)

(November,

(November,

1966)

1966)

(November,

Ibid'•
'"Pol:7conid Projection.
Geo lo -:-ical Sill"ve-r--_,

54. "The
55.
56.

Ibid.

57.

Ibid.

Connecticut

Interview

with

North American
Mi i'c-rd ~"1;.

13,

Light

Datum

and Power Company"

Mr. A.L.

Bisio,

(November,

1966)

58'.

59.

1
__
Da"'"'::1=-"b,,...·--=r,..,,.-=L=a~,;-,.---=-=-~--s-L
Vol.

-,?-202,

ol.

323, 8.

1_81, pp .. 96-1I5i 151-2, 177,
186, pp.
136, 26,
263, 278',

60·.

Interview
with Mr. A..L. Bisio,
(November, 1966).
All
of the material
on eminent domain was supplied
by
Mr. Bisio ..

61.

Per·sonal

62.

"Rocky River

interview.
Hydro-Electric

Development

Index

Map"

56

63.

Ibid.
The three parcels
to the south of Ifayestown Road
were those or· John Mietelski,
John Doyle, ana· James
Marsh.
The seven parcels
to the north were those of'
G'eor-ge Go.ff, Jennie Jerf' and Dorothy Cliff·or'd,
Edwin
Kelloggi
William Wildman, Eugene Beers, Henry· Moody,
and· Wil iam Hawley.

64.

Interview

65.

t'Rocky River

66.,

Interview

67..

Ibid •.

68".

Interview

69.,

Ibid.

70.

Tbid.,

71'..

Interview.with

72..

"Rocky

73..

Interview

74.

Ibid' •.

75.

Personal

76.

By· this
statement·
I mean that all of the granters
that
I interviewed
fbuna· some huge discrepancies
in the
C-ompany maps·. Their O'WD. testimony,
in most cases,
was
so emphatic
that it can not- be ignored·.

77.
78..

Interview

with

Dr. Michael

Kubicek,

Hydro-Electric

Development

·with Dr. Michael

Kubicek,

with

Mr·. Jeffery

Lewis,

Dr. Michael

Kubicek,

River

Development--Town

with

Earl

(December,

1966)

Tndex Map' t"

(December,

(September,

(December,

1966)

1966]

I966)

of' Danbury•t

Moody, (October,

1966)

interview

with

Earl

Moody, (October,

1966)

A.gain I refer
to the testimony
of variou9
granters
who
ffistinctly
recall
their
bounding neighbors,
which in
some cases does not coincide
with the Company's a·ata.,.

79..

ltRocky- River· Development-Town

Bo·.

Inte·rview
with Dr. Michael
with Earl Moody, (October,

Kubicek,
1966)

81..

Interview

Kubicek

82.,

Ibid.

with

Dr· .. Michael

or· Danbury•t
(December,

19661 and

57

83., Ibid: ..
81¥.. Ihterv.iew

:Karl Moody', (Q:ct-ober-·, 1966)

..with

8~.

rnterview.

86.

P'e9.l"'sonal intervi.ew

87..

Ibid'.

88~

lbflie Connecticut

with

89"-.

Dr. Michael

Light

KUbic·ek,

and Power· Company•

Connecticut

:3iggest

(De·c:..ember, 1966J

Lake- Begins:

December

First.,~

im9s

91.,

tttrhe C-onne·ctiaut

and Powe-r· Company•

Light

92'~- Ibicf •.
"La':e 'Janbur.,: Yil __ :iave An Eighty-Mile
Shore· Line·,
:>a ·c-u!',7~vening :ie .:s, Jl.me 3, 1927, p ..!+

tt

The

11:The-,
C-onnec-tie:ut Light and Pow&.r C.ompany,_11:. .Another
24,,ooon uni·t has.. since been add'e<i ..

95..

!bier ..

g6 .. Ibicf-~:

97 ..
93·•. Ihterviev
~umps

with

&tart

Mir...

Filling

asrha C-onnecti.cut
Im:~.

-Will

Develop

.LL. Bisio,

Danbury

Basin,~

Light

(l:ravember-, 19-661
E'venihg

New.s-

an~ Power C-ompany1t

Great· p·ower,

The Danbucy N"ews:,.March

~

I927,- p •. IO'
I02...

-take

I03:..

lllffie.. credar;s. Ilevel.opment.,

p·., ll

C-andTewoocf--C-onnecticut,.,
ta:

nirt,:o :Ja.nb ry ?O:e: 'Jeveloping

~nbury Evening

~i~es,

Gui.ire: t-o Lake c:ancfiewood,

The Danbury News-~ May- 23·, 1928'

Io1+-- "F:au.r Men Cruise Lakec ll:inbury·lis:
Time~. Mar·eh 2Z, 1928, p.. I

5.

:;cr,

Length,.n:

· Choice

The· !Im.bury

Ifome: S1tre-s·:,.. The

O~tober 2, 1929

58

106.

Ibid.

107'.

lt$1,000 An Acre Asked For Choice Land Along Shores Of'
Lake Da.nbury,u
The Danbury Evening News, June 18, 1928

108.

0

South

Shor·e Makes Gains,

11'.

The Danbury

News-T·imes,

June 22, 1934
109.

ttThe Developments,tt

110.

,.,South Shore

111.

11

112.

Ibid,

P• 21

113.

Ibid',

p.

114.

Ibid,

p. 25

115.

See nThe Developmentsn

116.

Interview

Guide

Makes Gains,

The Developments,"

11

to Lake- Candlewood,p.
The Danbury

N·ews-Times

Guid'e to Lake Candle-wood,

23'

with

in appendix.

Mr. fl•• L. Bisio,

(November,

23

1966)

p. 24

BIBLIOGMPHY
Books
'l'The Housatonic
River,
Crowell-Collier

st

Collier's
Publishing

Encycloped"ia, 1 New York:
Company, 1952 (Vol. IO)

New York:

Todd', P.L. and Curti,
Merle.
.America's History.
Harcourt,
Brace and Company, 1950.
Articles

and Periodicals

Ca.nd1ewooa· Panorama.
Published" at Danbury, Connecticut
in
cooperation
with Danbury Development
Commission,
Summer, 1948.
Guide
Will

11

to Lake Candlewood.
Published" by The- New Milford'
New Milford,
Connecticut,
1940.
Develop

Gr·ea t Power,

11

Times,

The Danbury News, March 30,

1927,

P• IO
ttr,ake Danbury Will Have An Eighty-Mile
Shore Line,n
Danbury Evening News, .June 3, 1927, p. 4

The

--Flood·ing or· Biggest
Connecticut~ Lake Begins December First,..The Danbury Times,
October 20, 1927, p. I, 7

1

n-Tells

11
Of' Huge Power Project,
The Danbury
February· 16, 1928, p. 7

ttpumps Start Filling
Basin,"
February
27, 1928

The Danbury Evening

11

Ifear· About Lake Danbury,•t
p. 24

1

tFour

Evening

The Danbury

Men Cruise Lake Danbury's
March 22, 1928, P• I

News,
News,

T'imes, March

Length," .. The Danbury

7, 1928,
Times,

Lake Is Almost. Navigatecr,•t
1928, p. l

11

11

The Ce<fars Development,"
p. 6

"$1,000'

The Danbury

News,

May 23, 1928,

An Acre Asked For Choic.e Land A.long Shores Of' Lake
Danbury,n
The Danbury Evening Times, .June 18, 1928'

59

60

ttAge-Old'

Problem or Saving
Rocky River Project,
November 20, 1928'

Dissipated
tt

Power Solved

B Great
Ti. s,

The New York

L. es,

'.::1e

"Connecticut
Lake Named- Candlewood,
.August 18, 1929

u

"Two Danbury Men Developing
Choice H'ome Sites,"
bury Evening Times, October 2, 1..929
nRuy A Summer Ifome S:i te

,

(

w.o.

McGreehan,

ns_outh

The Dan-

On Beautiful
Lake- Danbury,,..The
Les,
October 5, 1929, p .. 9

tnown The Line--A Connecticut
Yor
erald Tribune, September
1

Shore- Makes Gains 11 ,

1934

The Danbury

Legend ..,

1930,

1,

News.;.,Tlmes, J'lme 22,

Material

Unpublished'

ConnecticutLight and Power co,.any,
nThe Connecticut
Ligh ~ a::

Belin
oi:

er

Connecticut.

o 9any--1'

e __ m-

d'raf't.
Information on~· e Connec ic t Light
and Power' Company's y re-electric
ro.terty.
In ormation on the Windso,., Locks Canal -or..~a.."ly rope rt· •
Inf brmation on the She ton r;an • o -~1an ~ ro!)e ty. 11
(J'une 196-2) Copy of' • 1.
c Ji irons.
inary

• uRo·cky River

Development--Tovm.

Rocky River Ifydro-Electric
Map and Guide-tt·
•

•

11

of'" Danburytt

Development Index

•Rocky Ri ve·r Resevoir--General

1

Property

Map"

Other- Sources
Interview

with Mr. A..L. B"isio, Connecticut
Company, B"~rlin, Connecticut.

Interview

with Mrs. Mary (,!fawley)

Interview

with Dr:. Michael Kubicek.

Interview

with

Mr. Jeffery

Interview

with

Mr .. Earl

Lewis.

Moody.

Fairchild.

Light

and Power

61

Private

papers
William

or· Dr. William
Sanford.

Bronson,

0
uLake Candlewood--Connecticut,
Connecticut,
1960 (Map)

'lFolyconid Projection.
17ica
Sur

D. Northrop,

North American
and
8S~. F4--.r~ed in
-::-e,.~ :t-:ilforff

(Map)

Public
Danbury Land Records.

Documents

1919-1936.

collection

o:r· Hr.

3rookfield,
II

o-

,
D.C.

ROCKYRIVER DATUM
For the purpose
vation

line

of the Connecticut

Rocky. River
described
contour

of identifying

elevation

ninety-four

line,

located

States

in a concrete

bury-New Milford
is described

crossroads,
tablet

thereto,

seventy-seven

3.2 miles

bronze

tablet

at elevation

one-hundreths

Survey Datum.
on the westerly

in concrete

stamped

243

of,,

culvert

side

33-W-1922.

ii

0

is

of the Dan-

so-called,

and

as follows:

in northwest

of driveway

(243.36)

This tablet

Highway, at Lanesville,

south

said'

one-thousandths

by the U.S. Government Enginee,rs

"New Milford,

of lands

of which is one hundred

and thirty-six

culvert

State

the- boundaries

the elevatio~

Geological

ele-

and Power Companyts

or by reference

above a certain

two hund'red fourty-three
United

t~ereon

and seven hundred

(174,777) feet
feet,

Light

Datum, and identifying
as bounding

the 4ll-Q-foot contour

corner

to house;

of'
bronze

ROCKY RIVER STOR.r,.GEPL~

ONE

1917
December 14, 1917-a

On

delphia,

Pennsylvania,

report

suggested

by Rollin

Norris

of Phila-

the following:

PLANI
A dam on the Rocky River,
to elev~tion
cubic

feet

430 feet.

because

He said

the amount of water
large

basin

this

stored

only,

built

would be 987.5 million

year and 1,779 million

be drawn.

the necessarily

a storage

Water available

in the dryest

would normally

for

cubic

feet

plan was unattractive

was too small

to justify

investment.

PLAN II

Plan II
430 feet
tion.

elevation
By this

creased
feet

contemplated

for

Bridge

means the storage

an average· year.

Dam to a higher

the total

water

2,760 million
cubic

feet

power plant

feet

level

located

million
available

cubic

feet

for an average

cubic

million
feet

water

eleva-

would be in-

to 9,489 million

cubic

would be

one mile below the Bulls

and thence

to the Rocky River

one at

at 470 feet

capacity

The additional

would amount to 1,772.5
and 6,216.0

upstream
basin

cubic

from a pumping plant

and open ditches

year

and one farther

from 1,760 million

obtained

water

two dams of the Rocky River,

through

Reservoir.
cubic

pipes,

flumes

This pumped
feet

for an average

for

a dry

year making

at the Rocky River Reservoir

of

for a dry year and 7,995 million
year.

on the Housatonic
iii

With this
River,

just

amount of water,
below the first

a
dam,

of 15,000 Kw. capacity
bury,

and with

would be economically

quired

for

cap::.city

attractive.

~urposes,

This plan would also

a transmission

line

to Water-

It would not be re-

however,

until

1924.

add to the output

and firm

capacity

at Stevenson.
PLAN III

As in Plan

III-two

dams on Rocky River,

a 15,000 Kw. power plant
from Bulls
built,

also

capable

Bridge

would be built,

to Rocky River

a dam and storage

of discharging

above the Bulls

Bridge

water

be an expensive

basin
either

but instead
small

of a canal

ponds would be

on the Ten Mile Riverto the pumping plant

or

Dam.

~-s a means of giving
also

several

a pll!llping plant,

obtaining

one.

iv

power,

this

plan would

ROCKYRIVER STOR\GE PL,A,N TWO

1926
There was a report
Contracting
economic

feasibility

just

the plan,

of this

plant

project

made it

and analyzed

on the Housatonic

Plan

11

Plan

"C"-Dam

3 11 -Same

as plan

River
n /\.n

three

for

For de.ms on the :8.0cky River,
the Jerusalem

Site

storage

at 430 feet,

a canal

1,600 feet

long,

units

would provide

a reservoir

the Guarding

3,000

Hill
long,

only.
Hill

Site

and

For Plans

II ,.
I\ II

Site

with

the pond

an intake

structure,

and

and a power house containing

of 10,000

Kw. capacity

with

a gross

each.

capacity

two

Pl~n "ft_u
of 7.3 Billion

feet.
Plan

"B11 reservoir

or maximum depletion

would have the same gross
would be 5.12 Billion

Under Plan "C" the dam would be built
Site

the pmnping plant.
basin

·Here both considered.

hydroelectric

cubic

plans:

omitting

3 11 he chose the dam at the Guarding

a pen stock

prohibitive.

below the Rocky River.

11

elev~tion

that

a power house and pumping

just

except

on Rocky River

Norris

and was of the opinion

dam on Rocky River with

u f,n-A

the

a pumping

Dam, made by Mr. Rolland

described,

He investigated
Plan

which contemplated

Bridge

in 1917 as previously
cost

of U.G.I.

and method of development.

below Bulls

the capital

D. Justine

March 12, 1926, to determine

Company, dated

He investigated
unit

made by Mr. Joel

with

a pond elevation

of 430 feet
V

cubic

capacity
feet.

at the Jerusalem

creating

a storage

basin

~ith

a net capacity

-;th out"'.Le.... '·'O'"'~e

~1••1 ..&..

"'••

!:r.

.....

"'-ustine

Guarding Hill

of 7.18 billion

-n"',

c.,

::»1.-...... 1,,-u
_ ..

..,,,

nd

rP.ccruncnded Plan

Site.

vi

cubic
inor

feet

and ~rcv~ded

di ':es.

"t. 11 -:-1~th tr..e tla:1: bi.::.ilt at

~

T:

...

-

DEVELOL:El~Tu

107\,_,..,.
...rom Th ..e ___
<-:-V

..

~

l~Il,L S~ffJE R~DGE, on the

11c~_d, ts

-n~;a

frQ!!1 th~ ~s·ores

.

I

.

~

P

grac ually

ihich~'slo~)es
1

:mi 11.

upward

•

01'~
,the,, 1~6:~i-f~elf.
,

_.Fro~ this

'

',

ridg"E?_;over

'..(

.ago, ,.came the .1~ig gra.."tlite, millston.e
.,
T e::1y, ~- c> • ·_
;· .m"i.11 'is: long since

century

, guard

l~'r.''ili~
h:i:;l:side
~

.

n9rt1;i~_a.st€3;rn end o'- Lake

for

1

Tnatcher

s

gop.e, . r:,illston2s

h~s devel-op~e:!1-t and or112.:..en -~ ts

tn-e entrances

c.t"' beach.

ncr.tlmar

of tbe

6.us:~tonic

7rom· t

_people ~ho ~f~h~to

live

the
.-

1-~ill~·stone--Ridge
of e5. ther

tractive

ladies

_

2

carefully

eq,1i,::iped to cc-ter

is

sum.rner_:-:orye:1r-round,_
·,

•, . ·,

~lre2ay

r:ioder;1 conven:i~· ces,

·.:· tr::1·' t

in

restricted·:~

....

-

sires

to njf~re

~l~se

-whole : .-s\-:

....

.-

_.

'

.'

overlook

reside~

J ,

cne lake.

indttidini
a -·g'u$i'an'te'ea.

.;e t'p t e•,en

t'

,se v:ho do not

viii

ts.

to the de-

Several

Tiiese

2rtesian

heve

2

t-

,:,.ll

well-

s1lim msy safely

;:;2_
~l1e

~

r:1ers an',

large

float

in the

...

1·~
t .. ~ re":..de ..ts'

sesson,

...-

bc"'s.,

1 •

.I

,.
-

is

l~.ss

than

a mile

..

J

-

t ,...

-

.,-

..,

'.

.fer.'"

.. ,

r'

...
r

'I

"

•

...
"'

n.crth o:: Dev~1o

just

e

...
Milrol·d
of 1.:e•··
~
•

giving

• --

-

local

-

~nd '"'ll"r
-

11

c;;

r~s:1~n

;

~

.-.··n• ~
·"

'~•Tc"
•

-

..,

t .•. r

+
~

...

1
' -

,

t .. e l

-

,

,.- .

...

...,.,....
::.._
....·a"-io· s.

-

f ...

1n

..

p~rk by the Lions'

I-.

....

Club.

C 1-;DLEv:GODEEIG3'.:?S (!:o.,.

i.x

on the _1::.p)-I

..

..

d9vc,.lopment

loc~ted

over, ooki:ng

the lake

a very

viev:

fine

on t~e

as well

of the

as the

to,,m

c1cres or mo."',

of one-half

:.s \:ell

~fare,

too-lights,

a ·aila b le..

tels!)ho!le

to :::1.te the 'turn

in Lan°s.,r::..11e (opposite

the road

c1s some of s--all

pre"t1.a.:.ling su:nner

~..·idest

ve:.1

e""t

point

0$,ndle, ocd Jr.-,ke -:;1nb is

e:cellent

dining

~.:here

lake,

roon,

and •.,~t~r are

a re<:;tricted,

lo·nge,

ts

..;2~e

Sl·.:i.bhouse for

1

...,nd follo\!

.nz..)

.:.s o!l the

be fully

s,:ee:,

east

of the

~njoyec.

Chrisi;.:.an

co!:!!!lunity

ti.1e Cl·· house ·wl +-'1 its

roc1:1 a!ld lockEr

tile

Heights

00d

/:' ..:.~~d.

....
e "'ull

can

of the corr.muni t

Theri? is a sepa!'':...

.ay to the

the 1,1ay.. C:,ndle·

soui:h 1.-1est breezes

01.,nee, t·1e center

si2.e.

to ~he ,.·est at t~e '7our Corne!'s

all

as d:!.rectionc:

of the Lake's

lots

deve lopme..Y1t, the most con-

the

shore

points

,:ith

tbe ....et:'...che~••~n Gre.nge :Ia~l)

bear in~ to the left

c-:n.."!ot i:Je missed,

of

cc!'l!Y:lctions

In o!'d~r to reach. this

• aY is

v _nient

.from ceri:;ain

development,

mm right

"With

beach for bathine.

~~ry Aesirsble

3

country,

surrounding

o: _e•.; ~!iL~ord

-.:ies_rlents hr.)re have tneir
~ith

S1111s -:>f Lake Candle'.-.oo~,

It is a re~tricted

development.

or. t~is

=:astern

exclusive

rocms.

use of the

juniors.
f

special

in the he?rt

fea~vre

ts a p=ivat~

of th=: colon.,

£0!'

golf

course

the co_venience

locat~d

right

and sp"'rt

of

and tennis

facilities.

In spite

of all

these

unusual

advantages,

Candlewood Lake Club are no higher

than other

communities.

The casual

visitor

of the lodges

which range

notices

in cost

room type to those for the large
To reach
map-coming

from the north,

left

at once the simplicity

and size

from the small

six miles

take the first

right-hand

from the south,

of Danbury or turn

left

beauty,

laid

miles

by turning

from Danbury,

or Locust

Turn right
The plots

plot

out especially

for real

on the north
District

development
comfort,

end of Forty

of
quiet

Acre Houn-

in Lake Candlewood.

over good roads.

are half

pipes

Avenue, Danbury,

at Kyle's

is more than three

The water

north

It is

It C3n be reached

at White Turkey Inn on Route 7, or by way of

Osborne Street
Road.

and turn

road to the Club.

It is situated

··tain in the Great Plain
five

take Dan-

ten miles

H.\WTHORNE
TSRR!l;.CE
(No. 8 on the map)-A

and rest.

turn

( shown on map in the "Guiae••) a bout four

of Danbury on hard surface

wonderful

No 7 on the

Road, U.S. Route & out of Danbury,
north

three-

family.

south of New Milford-coming

bury-New Milford

at

Candlewood Lake

Candlewood Lake Club, development

south of Grange Hall
'miles

prices

are laid

300 feet

Gas Station,

acres,

then follow

more or less.

50X100 feet.

below frost
through

solid

pointers.

The smallest

You c:mnot bury any less.
supplied

artesian

well

possible

for owners to enjoy the pleasure
xi

to Great Plains

rock,

from an excellent

thereby

making it

of the Lake at all

--

times

----

of the year.
There is a wonderful

community park for

spring

with

its

high elevation,

view of the Lake and surrounding

abundant

setting

and telephone

water

of evergreen
throughout

affords

hills.

and shade trees,

interesting

the lake,

of the lake.
supply.

of the land

\rtesian

Residents

and there

are

have·their

also

Lots available

tennis

courts.

and getting

ones,

to reach

well

posted.

Danbury,

Street

borne Street,

at the railroad
Avenue.

turn

right

section

run in size

of 50xloo,

prices

four miles

be reached

Main Street,

or Locust

is but another

7, take the left

of New Milford),

This may also

follow

the tracks

south

turn

into

and terms.
Danbury

at the

of Danbury

then directions

are

when coming through
White Street,

and turn

On these

two Streets

and follow

turn

north

station,

xii

ample

bathing;

Longview Neadows coming through

on U.S .. Route No.

(10 miles

gives

beach to enjoy

at attractive

White Turkey Inn, which is about
Center

plot,

view

and swimming are fine.

development

offered

end of

Company of Danbury.

to every

This

boating

one of

a most picturesque

own fine

in this

some smaller
In order

piped

another

on the southern

Realty

affords

water,

of the lake where fishing,

with

located

by the Keating

The location

electricity,

the development.

developments

operated

an ex-

There is an
also

LONGVIEWMEADOWS
(No. 10 on the map)-Is
those

in the

the use of 2.11 ·who are back from the shore.

The development,
tensive

beach with

posted

left

cross
on Moss

drive

directions.

to Os-

POINT DRIFTWOOD(No. lla
established
Great

the

on Candlewood lake,

Plains

shopping

Road about

district

advantages

and depot

tion

by experienced

marketed

roads

department,

churches

of all

denominations.

and a school

Daries,

bus stops

features

artesian

beach,
for

landing

those

for

can be

metropolitian
stores

a modern hotel

men, Grocers,

and

Butchers

at Point

dock and a g,eneral

who do not select

Driftwood

the future

well water

are extended

There are forty-three

it

and independent

of the Point

present.

and telephone

a vaca-

Driftwood,

at our entrance.

planned

rent

satisfy

seeking

purchasing,

and deliveries

have been carefully
Sparkling

completely

of those

theaters,

Green-goods

make calls

The physical

Driftwood

chain

There are three

will

rural

good, and the average

of Danbury is completely

kind.

and Bakers

by all

low prices.

of every

Laundries,

are

and fortunate

center

with

benefits

namely-WOODED LIBE FRONTWITH VIE\•!, and

at comparatively

nature

It

of the

but is completely

per cent.

handling

The shopping
in its

city,

to be

at the end of the

from the center

of Point

of seventy-five

home location,

colony

ten minutes.

The characteristics
the ideal

situated

in Danbury.

The approach

to Danbury takes

is

four miles

of ~he nearby

in character.
drive

on map) the latest

as well

supply,

to each site.
recreation

community
as the

electric

cur-

A sandy bathing
area

are provided

lake

front

plottage.

large

plots

in the colony which of

xiii

itself

is an assurance

acter

of the land

surrounded

provides

privacy.

seclusion

The very char-

in that

it

is largely

by water.

,r... selective

policy

so that

as nearly

terests

and character

ancial

of reasonable

worth

is followed

as possible
will

and social

with regard

to purchasers

a group of families

of like

become community residents.

position,

however,

inFin-

are not considered

requisitec.
Plottages
will

range

at Driftwood,

from $700 to $2,900.

more than 250 ~et
Since

the

establishment

selection

The office

of the plot

of Driftwood,
and building

is only one step

sponsored

is equipped

advice

Lake Club and many other
of 1170 acres
rolling

of the Berkshires
tirely

to its

short

with

purchasers.

Danbury,
distance

Conn.
west

Connecticut

Route

vacation

community

a summer and winter
Organization,

developers

of Candlewood

well-known

communities.

It is a tract

of beautiful

country

in the

to give architec-

and aid,

of Candlewood Lake, adjoining

by the Farley

is

home, the Homeland

Til1BER TRAILS (No 26 on the map)-~.

No. 37 is Timber Trails,

in area,

on the point

of the Company is at 241 Main Street,

of the middle

feet

waters.

of a summer or year-round

financing

square

No plottage

from the lake

Company, developers
tural,

six thousand

land,

most of it

a high elevation,

many miles

away.

heavily

a~fording

wooded,

a direct

There are three

lakes

view
en-

on the property.
The miles

of gravel

roeds
xiv

on the property

are well

built

and water

from the artesian

the property.
property

Electricity

and all

by the Farley
bathing

Organization
tennis

and a strip

reserved
tion

for

thirty

proved

Inn with

This is kept

popular

available

over

twenty

acre

court,

miles

directly

adjoining

ting

for

skiing,

overnight

winter.

of bridle

.".ssocia-

into

the

accommodations
and

The ridifig

and excellent

miles
its

are

santuary,

saddle

of Danbury,

excellent

train

it

for,

partly

and

and its

loca-

a perfect

set-

and coasting.
twelve

large

sports

amply provided

service),

and is located

with

and winter

(up to 1200 feet)

tobogganning

north

from New Milford,

life

Route No. 37, gives

skating,

is1 eleven

miles

about

The profrom
eleven

in New Fairfield

in Sherman.

LAKESIDEWOODS(No. 29 on the map)-Away
development

The

of Quaker Brook are

and riding

SQ'TII!lersports

tion

and partly

developments.

horses

and wild

and over)

of the property

miles

as uied

open the year around

over the past

is a bird

The usual

(with

of the

for hire.

(one-half

Brewster

type

house has been renovated

the elevation

perty

parts

(No. 26 on the map).

persons.

featured.

other

badmitton

Timber Trails

Timber Trails
plots

to all

of" land on both sides

have space for

horses

in its

old Colonial

extremely

stables

carried

piped throughout

the use of members of the Timber Trails

very beautiful
for

is

are of the best

court,

and Inn Guests.
A fine

system

is also

improvements

beach,

trails

well

area

at

the north
xv

end of the lake

from the congested
just

off

the new

State

39) it is easily

Highway (Route

as well
well,

as summer.

with

pipes

the necessary

plots

for

nearby,

though

far

Truly

activities,

without

they

rises

in a gentle

slope

on two sides

to one of the high

at

of the knoll

the crest

visible

from afar

gators.
tions.

a short

which is under
Situated

mutual

its

widest

from the
the
there
with
beach

swiss

is available
and without
is acceded

privacy

they

named

sandy bathing

on the lake.

to motorists

quiet

beaches

Located
which

is

and boat navi-

is magnificent
and secluded

in all

direc-

colony,

it

is

Candlewood Knolls

on the western

cottages

style

of bungalow

Since

Knollcrest

a large

frontage.
rights.
xvi

the near-

view of the lake

of architecture

varies

to the Dutch cottage
is a recently

number of choice

shore-front

shore,

have a clear

The rustic

shore

club-

management.

log Cabin type
chalet.

one the

of the more active

dide,

point.

future

available

appropriately

points

sector

in New Fairfield

er to New York's

all

an old Dutch windmill

is~

distance

are

from the

and a landmark

While Knollcrest

within

at

is

The view from this

insure

isolation.

KNOLLCREST(No. 30 on map)-This
community

affords

comfort.

made to provide

enough away to give

secluded

from deep artesian

restrictions

is being

in the winter

and telephone,

permanent

and building

sports

supplied

electricity

While no attempt

house and other

seek.

water,

underground;

facilities

Spacious
character.

All year

accessible

opened area

building

All property

and

sites

away from the

In this

community the qualities

good comradeship
position.

are

stressed

Such regulations

the purpose

harmonious
ful

manent

contented

!.mericans,

knolls.

directions

The two communities

apart

a clean,

of the most completely

same as those

are one mile

established

continually

vacation

It

located

11

and dancing,

is one

communities

on Candlewood

Plots

for

One may be alone

the development,

a variety

parties

building,

or wooded and cabins
the "Yillollsn.

within

and is available

and many other
hillside,

already

is

to all

ping-pong,

with many
The Candlewood

of things-to-do

tennis,

Here social

dotted

and log lodges.

including

card

Candlevood

The Knolls"

cottages

cycle

provides

munity members,

colonies.

mile

in a section

idnets.

per-

and one-half

buzzes

Candlev1ood sports

at

for

in the Town of New Fairfield.

Club,

in heal th-

in its

and islocated

attractive
Knolls

to play

facilities

C '.\NDLEWOOD
KNOLLS: (No. 19 on map)-

activity

in neat,

Route No. 39.

on Connecticut

Lake,

wholesome

living

eager

with

are welcome.

public

are the

and

are conceived

Company community management insures

upkeep and continued
Driving

and social

inhabitants

and wholesome fun,

The Ho~eland

than wealth

in Knollcrest

surroundings.

relaxation

integrity

as are present

of maintaining

community of active,

rather

of personal

the hub in the
''Knolls"
for

the com~

shuffle-board

forms of amusement.

meadow, shorefront,

constructed

clear

may be had reasonably

There are both log ca bin and cottage
in the ~oods or near
xvii

res-

to others

or like

colonies.
interests.

The

beaches

at Candlewood Knolls

most unsuspecting-no
New thrills

treacherous

await

safe· for

currents

the hardiest

at Candlewood Y..noll's

are

or sudden drops.

swir:m1er or the smallest

sandy,

gently

sloping

retire,

and others

a desirable

who continue

child

beaches.

This. community has a number of year-round
some of who.m have found it

even the

residents,

locality

in which to

to commute from a New York

business.
Candlewood Knolls

has been developed

Company which maintains
visitors

to either

complete

information
right

the

an office
Knolls

11

11·

turn

follow

Route 37 to New Fairfield

on North

or

Street

on Route 39 to the entrance

Knollcrest"
guide.

where
may obtain

11

From Danbury,

lodge.

turning

From Sherman,
Watch carefully

right

there

drive

souther-

for

signs

in the length

Candlewood Lake and connected

to its

causeway

which has the distinction

lies

Candlewood Isle

ing the only island
New York.

About two and a half

forested

island

the Isle

a careful

to preserve

miles

of life

into

in a wild,
xviii

It

of

by a motor
of be-

anywhere near

in length

in the East.
balance

shore

lake

has been developed
retreat

simplicity

western

community in a large

weekend and vacation

rustic

and"

directions.
C~DLEWOODISLE (No. 18 on Map-Midway

rocky

by

from North Main Street
Corners,

ly on Route 39 to the entrance.
giving

in New Fairfield,

and a personal

motor,

by the Homeland

this

high,

the outstanding
is

between
mountainous

the aim of

the wholesome
setting

and

and those

comforts

Candl·wwood Isle,
pletely

with

surrounded

an enviable
guarded

throughout

the year

its

for

men.

for

regularly

for

and sport

visitors

of private

courts

provide

activities.

places

around

provided.

who wish to picnic.

lots

may be purchased.

north

by taking

end of the
a community

and busi-

restricted

reputation

Christian

for

passes

its

wholesome

is not open

to drive

over

at the entrance
is another

office.
one of

Here picnic

grounds

Cabins may also
~

fine

It may be reached

the new road out of Sherman,

either

on

are availbe rented
beach is

of the farm is under development,

xix

its

the lake which is located

who wish to spend some time there.
_Uso a part

of the

professional

by applying

Bay of Lake Candlewood.

to those

is 9pen

While Candlewood Isle

roads

an

ft..mongthe residents

is a rigidly

may secure

with

of residents

GUSTft~FSON'
S F".RM (No. 20 on map)-This
the many attractive

store

at the northern

an enviable

atmosphere.

seven miles

country

are many well-known

It enjoys

to the public,

by those

With the entrance

at the entrance,

situated

Candlewood Isle

and congenial

able

has

the owners are assured

the convenience

beach and tennis

social

community.

Squantz

com-

the motor causeway,

and privacy.

room, located

at Candlewood Isle
ness

except

of wooded lakefront,

a well-stocked

A Club House is

center

miles

patrolled

Post,

deining

with

demanded by a modern living.

from intruders.

The Trading

Isle.

five

of isolation

and the Isle

excellent

its

by water

degree

of protection

Isle

and conveniences

where

from the

which runs

to Route 37 or from the south

parallel

by turning

off

37 at

New Fairfield.,
NORTHCI\NDLEWOOD
(No. lA on the map)-At
is

the nearest

center

development

of New Milford,

to the railroad

Lake Candlewood,

station

and is only a few hundred

and shopping
feet

New Milford

Com.rnunity Park.

It

the foliage

is off

one has a view of both the Lake

the trees

and the town of New Milford.
the development
and fifty

feet

Water is piped

from an artesian
deep.

one may have year-round

covered

with

minutes

station,

trees.

Inn,

water

The property

from New Milford

and one minute

Community Park.

well

shopping

one hundred
line

Every lot

is

off U.S. Route

7,

center

proprietor

is the developer,

of the most attractive

in

and railroad

from the Lynn N. Deming (New Milford)

Homer H. Philpot,

New Milford,

lot

below frost

supply.

is just

and when

to every

more than

Water mains are laid

so that

four

has high elevation

from

of the Homestead

and has just

completed

homes to be found on the entire

one

lake.

AQUAVISTA and CEDARHEIGHTS (No. 11 and 12 on the map)Locaterl

on the Danbury south

bury may be reached

through

traffic

light,

through

Germantown district,

hose house,

White

on to Locust

following

The Danbury south
and Cedar Heights

shore

from Main Street
street,

Avenue,

right

bearing

left

turning

in Danleft

at the

on to Osborne Street
at the Germantown

arrow signs.
shore

are located),

xx

of the lake
being

all

(where Aqua Vista
in,the

town~of Danbury,

-----------------

has the advantage
center,

of being

only ten minutes

drive;

view of the Lake extending

to the largest

northward

miles

appreciated

and do not show up their

A drive

beautiful

into

views and show up their

buyers

or not,

sometimes
lot

buyers

lots

have running

as well

as adults;

water,

West Street,

to get the

and the owners

with gradual

salesmen,

although

shores,
extensive

For inspection,

write

or Dr. F .A •. Pickett,

Connecticut.

xxi

who are

or_phane

Prospective

low-priced,

telephone,

sloping

and along their

call,

whether

in some places.

electricity,

can be accommodated.
information,

from the high-

is necessary
advantages;

to visitors

should remember that,

beaches

other

advantages

and are not high pressure

bathing

tastes

must be seem to be

are ah1ays glad to show visitors

so annoying

long

to the Kent mountains

These locations

the developments

and representatives

shopping

and have the entrancing

twenty-five

way.

away.

closest

and good

safe

for

shore
lot

these

children

line

prices,

all
or

Dr. W•.T.. Bronson,

259 Main Street,

Danbury,

41

DANBURYLAND RECORDS
CHRONOLOGIC!'.LT.rJ3LE OF Lft.ND TR!JJSt.CTIONS

ROCKYRIVER BASIN
GRJ!.NTOR

GRANTEE:

DATE

C.L .. Campbell

Bea.tty

u

Vincent

II·

:S-ateman

Women

It

Beatty
;Ter.f'

Clifford
Moody, .John
Henry

D.r·. Bronson
c .. L. Campbell

Ifannah

Pickett.
Bradley
Weld'
Mood"y, William
McKee
Weber
Sauer·
Ruffles
Bril1.

_c/ 6/:..6
,, 'l,, /..,,,
o,
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,,
.
~ J.::...
_/ I c.
;

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12/
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It

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lt
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lt

1/ g/27
1/ /27

Dr·.. Bronson
ll
It

..

1/18/27
1/18/27
It

C.L. Campbell

1/19/27
It

It

1/22/27
1/24/27

lt

n
u.
It

n

Lee

Moody, 'Wm.. Earl
Shepherd
Hamlin, Charles
Hawley,, Mary
Olson

ll

u.
ll

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It

1/27/27
It

1/3 /27

2/ 3/27
2/ -:/27
I

It

2/ 5/27
,a.:

Myers

It

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Simek

It

It

It

H

...

Higson

&it. George

Ha:wrey·,n.

..

U:

Ryder·

Willis
Kubicek
Shepherd'
Bateman
Bhlkiey,
.Ha:.teh
Tay.lor.

Marek
Lansiedel

It

It

It

at

It

at

Dr·.. Brons·on
C.L. Campbell
II

It:

lt
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xxii

lt

lt

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C-a:mp
Connell

2/' 9/27

2/18/27
lt
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"
2/24/27
3/ 8/27
3/IO/27
3/1.2/27

Gammie
Be-ers·
Ferris
S~n

C..L.

Campbell
II
It

It

3/12/27
3/25/27
It'

3/29/27
3/31/27

.ranasky

II

camp:
Gafr•

u-

ll

It

tt

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El:senboss

lt

Andrew
B~.ey

It

KelTog
M~elemy

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lt

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Montrose
S.t~r
Bea:,ttiy

It

Dr.. Bronson

C.L. Campbell

Ruffles

Shottland-

U-

lt

Add1s
Hoyt:

II

Savings: Bank o:f
Danbury
Wi!dman, .Tessie
Lucius

Dr. Brons.on

"
4/25/27
4/22/27"
5/T.0/2T
It

5/T.312T
5/17/27

,,.I o/,..7
II

It

II

C.L. Campbell

I.'/ 6/2
12/2
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'J.o, .,It-'--'"7

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Taylor

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Wm..

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Wheeler
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Mahlman
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Terry
Wildman, Wm.
Vinal
Dyer
Ha.yt
MalTett
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*Bronson
.Turgenson
Hamlin, Philo
Martina
Krebs

4/_4/2
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Wildman,

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Wildman, -A.
Myers
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Mood-y, Wm.- Earl

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xxiii

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A swap between

the Company and Dr. Bronson&: Pickett

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53
59B

v·ncent,

66

Gam ie,

69

~.arti

, ..ax

9~ iiokan on, Olaf

Silas
John

Bal:ard,

~zra

70

Shepa

71A

Young,

67B

Sa,•ley,

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Sh para, Ho,ar

d, H 'a
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Sau r,

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Seth

105

Ei:>atty,

John

H nning,

Charle~

106

English,

haT'

:a

,

107

Hamlin,

C. -rles

108

Ra=lln,

Pi~

110

t~cc

, Edyth

111

Kubi

, l~c

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Cha

113

•. cK

enbos

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er

t al

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ael

r,.,
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,

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el,

r t

-ohn

90

f

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94

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Bradly,

93

hoody,

103

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gs

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ley

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0

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133

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121

Conne:l,

;oseph

1'.ev rrsi.rl.lt • on·

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.. . - ,_.!.au.

In addition

FALL UTILIZED BETWEEN

Shepaug

LAKE CANDLEWOOD
AND ROCKY RIVER
PLANT

to utilizing
and Stevenson

the normal

.

river flow, both the

plants work with CL&P's Rocky

River plant to make the most efficient use of the avail-

230

FT

able flow in the Housatonic

River.

ROCKY

SHEPAUG

DAM
STEVE"SON

FALL UTILIZED
BETWEEN ROCKY RIVER
PLANT AND SHEPAUG DAM

FALL UTILIZED BETWEEN SHEPAUG DAM AND STEVENSON DAM

70

FT

.1.

FLOATING
ISLAND
MOVED
BY[AKE

.n·BuRY
DWELLERS
Lake
"

D:,,,1'un ·~ famous

"float-

·!:, i~lam, · ,-.hi~h h:is been a ,, 1-'
1~ (\r:w, 1,~k
'" the -snic
beauy o( .A.tJU.J,'"t~l:i. hR~ :;.... ; ....~: 1rf~flt)
t'
position
,vhere
·

, : -:1gers joorne)

~

frorn point '"

, .. 'is meanderinir; rranherry
, •·,1 is two acres in ,·xtent

DAM

Be
L Title

Swim
t,

A Connecticut

Beaten

yeatef'day.
rom, o! the same
champion who won
stance crown lately,
may have bad auc•
the
WU

•

tlUe early 1n
a

11elzecl wltb

She !oucht

gamely

a bopel•

-battle.

,

D

Def ending

itf en ~titeh;

tub over a choppy,
en water co\ll'l!e ln

Legend

~BURY.
Conn., Aug. 31.-If Joe MulvihUl, the Mad Hatter of Danbury, does not return within thirty days a~d claim his fioatinl Island
on Candlewood Lake, the island wtn be destroyed by the hu~
society u a menace to outboard motorboat navigation on the lake.
loose from lts chain a few da~·s ago .. t Aqua
Vi.ta and wandered six miles to Wuldman·a
Land~.
where .tt has been tethered
temPorarlly in 1hallow water.
The altuatton becomes all the IfOrl!. ~
ous because, when the flm.Unr isle.JJd atarte('
on its lut rampage, it wu carr~
JiaJ.•·
dQzen · cows owned by citizens; o! ~
Vista.
The abl!ence of the ceiirs ahnOII.
brought about a milk famine at ,\qua Vlata,
and the owners were contemolating 1l!lDI'
charges o! cattle rustling again,, the isah&
and its owner.
By ws.r of explanation, ao!Ylj! ot tM history o! the Floating Island
Candlewood
Lake should be set down at ti,1&point. Thia
island hM been in the lake s~e it wa.s flrst
discovered by the barely for«atheni
o! the

Georgetti Regaiu
Bic ..cle Race Lead,
Beating Letourner
Italian Now Leads Rival by
One Point; W slker Takes
Two Heats From Raffo

pre-

Sp~cial

to the Heralll

Tribune

It

•Ite

of

NEWARK, N. J., Aug. 31.--Pranco
01:ol'llel.tl. ltall.an atar, radii aplA 111111D
the lead tor tbe Amuic:au

moat
lead.
ebNnplonablp
by c:apNrmt
- __
t 110 mU
tl ular (l'tnd J'M\WCIIIF••"..___
..,...,.
eel It
TIie llaUul
re at at the Nnr&.rk VeloOnlma.
• turlo
ti.w.
W1&ll Alfnd
front •~
Lefourzier. ot Prance. who...,.....,.
Chff

ao•......,_.
~onr.-

IL the

etdlct
.t~
ut .....
■on and

OIUI.

Ch&rll

Wla

r tourtb;

&Dd Ft&m:

~tu

S. A.

~ ~

ner •.
D\111\

atUt.

.aau,,
90 pa&ata. L'4our'18, J...-erea, <m.p.-

"DOW

Dlnllberr
53 and Wliiter

Ctoil W&Ut r,

d of Mtu IIJ hud.Ulc
onkera A. apr1n1, tltle.

defeated
der, Miu

J...WU
a_... ..._..,,,

Deulbors_

1.

l&A~V

A\Utnllall

wbo

cll&M tor tla AJDertcan
llbo,nct ~ bnla LO Eddie

\be_

a.Jl'o, :Bronx ICallan, In two atnJcbt
beau or a oae--mJle matol1 ra«.

Nutmec State
I b recorded lha.t •hen the tlrst. man to see the lak 1 ·ecadown UPoJl
It, Wee Balboa !Tom his ~k
.in D&rien, be w
entranc.ed by
e sy
btauty or cbe pl~.
Red~
that oo.lhla Wand h<!..woul• Ian hlJ
\'tile and b Lree. PUied wtth
thusiaan and lamtkrUH3
ot hll~
wlt.h Connecticut •Ps>leJack. the hardJ esp}Oftl' dMbed own to Lbe
of the !Ake~&nd, ~In,
b.14bucklkm lbirt and~.
prepuid to
out to I~
1'J he plunged lnt4 the cool -tu
of Oandlewood
ta mo ·e and to recede from him
a p)int to rd
Tbe e%J)lorer rod •ater t.nd TUbbed his eJl!,5. It.
movtns away from him.

,o

The- IIUDUll&nea:

kin

R

Red
10 tbe
OIU-niU.
••lcll
rauI -•~r
Tl
l!ildle R.l!lo.
WOii, i,,, WaUru Ul atl'ILlil.bt
It is written that a COnoecUcu1. forelat.hct al a
e hb
mes and h .. ta. Ton--l.d
l· tlu;
elplll,
1.2 •• :;.
i
3.C!I tlan e 1bt. t:: l•:i ,
aQd bis Wand. Tbl5 one •·u not to be bl.tiled by :a slatt.i&b httlto 1aJancl
n the
l'tu-inlla 1111ai.ur ,..c,,-WoD t>r tloaµaklt
red TQcdllo. Aeme WMelm&A: ~nt
Dellnr
about 100 feet "''Ide by 300 feet I.on Be 11wamu, futer, but W h Isl.and
y ftve Norlh •uuo" W~p.
-""'
mne Con:o:an.. ll&yrie.- .....,_Im ~
thlrc1· lau- eluded him, and there v.·asa. gurgllD
the Aoattn
u though
uru,. nmIt v: re laugh.In~ at btm.
0:32
ODC·mtl~ matcll T .. la M.&1'1ln•~U
MIM • Charita IU1ter.
Plt•L Ilea.I.. "Y!JII
1>7 MU•
Tbls Infuriated the Yankee Pl"OllW or.
1wam bac and. onrt.1UZ.INI'
tfCNllll, Tlm.-3.'•l
::-1 IIUt •IP..!, 1'!i-:t1.
ot canoes. relnfor.:ed by
fr,eidly
Indiam1
ho were
' !!ec4nd b!!ll, WQII 117 JUlw.
·,;:im.,_;t
Ill an expedition
t I~ tlaat ~lftlll, J! 1-•,. Tlllnl Mal, woo b)' f'.XJ)erts
lh the bl.rcbbark \-..ell.
They
ded to 1.urround the island,
trOke
U.
Tt--a
f~ t-a
('tllflt:.
to take It by st(>rm and to tow tt to som sulla.ble moonn,. I WU IND
wned
Hlill-m 14 baa'61laP-Won 11, .Hlilph Shu•
al)ed
to l.,-, l'tllln.d•Jd,
• ,. (~ Ptut:
.Artllur
berrlei. and Lbe wOOdl abc>uilded
event, Khlck. Bay v,e.- Wbal,ueA 1 ,.-anb>, ■ec· ~hat lhe Island contained a crop of wild
1 •31 2-s Ud.: ROIMrt LI~
~ ...,.
~ er wiLh '111Id turkey~. The recbldm
and
cticut .torela h r J)lctuncl
'
• A.lnuka
011 .-anb1.
lll ; Palll 1'l on.
second.
Korth 1LudM11Wllft!JMD I
,arda1. Jourur. to thems Ives Lhe f.eut they ,rouJd he-v when the1 btd the wlld JallDd
1
tan lie• :W.rco Ro IN. C.nlUt'J' Road Clm ., ADut•
w11o11
na.ed 10 cco ,-ru>,
't'I
:1111
roped and hog-tied.
malnlng

BOT

A. naiads

nutmec

.1•m••

ndryn,~
0¾Yif:it~. 1"::'fa,.

~r'J~~

.a.

aau..

llan Irwtn,

111
-~YC:c1
e::r::11&~lllla.:'1ip~·
u.o •~~;
But
1time, in
Franz ~~':~~

the elusive island slipped throufll the encirclinir line,, and at OM
a frenzied dash, upset several' of the canoes. The superstlt.10116
rrarico
•.t~:
aborigines fiilllllY quit the chase in alt.rm. They said that the island ...
Ch&rUir Wli.111·. 1>11c:e<:
bT Charlie Bt•la. bad medicine, and i! the Connecticut
forefather wanted to contlnue the
·
m• ~;
rodeo he miiht do 110 by himself or 'n.it untU he got some other palefaces to help him.
The Connecticut forefather, beiilf stubborn, continued the chase. llfe
: nec}ected t0 till the soil and to preM the apples !or the applejack.
He
wanted that lala.nd and would not regt until he had It tied to a stout tr•
lnb
ere o.
be
d
• Tbt Conntc:UC\ll fil e!•Uttt 11111.lly
botb
~•
m ,"h
aald.
•
Ill I
ot Tttanlc l&Ulht~, from the iDtedor.
and
cut Into tb
l.e'r and '1olfflt4.

~tt~it

1~:

r Nearby Link,

fhr•

1!-La, o.

a m .. \t:1,~

1·e1uaJUCU

....... ui••

Mad Hatter of Danbury, a• Aqua Vi.5ta. When he hirel a boat to gc bis:1,
!'lshlng the ~ folk or Aqua Vista v. 1trned him not 1o get fresh with the
tloating 1slaud
But a!~N the klshion of 'lad Hatters of Danbur• Mr M11iv1l1,,; ."toned
"You ju5t tl'll y()ur wild isla1'CI not to get fre~h wi• h ,1 e'
1'1r. Mulvihlll at
the tin'.• ·;,as wearing a bro•;n derby ha• wh1c 1 'I\ -i. made a~ ti'" iron hat
foundr· • Danbury
The people o! Aqua \'!, " , , 1med I lJ • he "'3S talkini U.c.·,gh 1t m accordance
with th• 11.,a,m , , Dm 0! Danriun
and
maely shrugged their shouk1crs
Much to i heir amazement,
Mr M 1lv1h.J, a'•
s•1c '1< ,.::
1,e da,
01
candlewood
Lake and catching the limit <' ba~.•
rec< ·, 1,1P landa i{
accompanied
by the floating island
When lw 1nuir, d J
,io • '" • >-e l•nding the Jsland seemed to be waiting !or him. I' cG.i r! ~• ~ : ,r 1Pt 1Jecailse
of the •ha,lowne~s
of the wate1
"Lie do,rn Sport," commanded
Mr. r..; •'.v hill
':t t • \\'~
t 'ere t1h I
come a('er vou"
Y'lU people don·t \cno" 1, ,, 1, '"land I fl,,a•ir
~ islands,''
he added to 'lie ast,owshed \\ ,tnes.~Ps
'Y,
n 1,
r
1 l'Pn,
kind.), nf
l'O irse b11t also yo I rn,1st be film n·1•h •: em
It •:u.e< ;, .\fa<, Hat•er ''>
handle a 111·1ldisland
Yc;,1 can ~,
hat •hat ,,,ancl w1 l know ,ts ma~tPr s
from no\\' on
0 •·

a

, .. -

a
Baum, !to--:.:~
G. Edtlhnr

'..!O -H:t; L
SH· -:!o-trn;

lN COl'STY
T. P Schon
Jr., ~0----1

t

·.)
ciN BA\' !par
S{-..tford
-1-l

-70;

I par
; •, - Ball
jr .. \o:4 111-- i~:
T. F Scholl

j11;

:11-

Jr.
J. T.

~ii

Bnll s11<e•p•
-:.!11 ,;~i: H
Shaw,
1--:1 l3

THEto11n.,ts

from '"Illies ·aro• I r, r, "'' nes.s • "'
ran,: .. ~p, rtar!p c'
g te lect
, 1,:rt 1'1 r, \\( !ct f n::r h! n a: a' l n
t'1f' ake un'i t" e•trec' tc hl<
lrn " A 1 ,.1 \ ,.
In • •0 me
.,,: n 1 '11
he would get 1'1', his boat lllld wb, l~ lo ii ,hf' ,s,ancl \\0'l 1 'Jf'cnmf' ., ,.,Jy
agitated, w1'h t t e JOY or a bird dog or •, l'll\ 1 < M,\ .n r,,,pt )f' h ,, 1 J- a gur..
SomettmPs on these •r,ps the I la::id we Io 1-- 1 -0
, P al,ea'
as •r
.:;h
pomtmg out bP Pt fj hmg g101 nds
B1 • a · 11 ·r 1" 111<i'rnr
s m st rr
would immed,ately bring 1t sedatel~ o hePI
rhr• P 1 I"> b .~ frir companson. but the dwellers around Candlev.no<i Laite aln
s \\,I
r,, 1,1am that
Mr 1\iulv1hll. s 1. ,and v.-as the be5t trained tt:,aung ·• 111<! ,
, "':irld orce
it had b(,come dome::;tlcat.N!.
But it was a one man tloatlng l.gl&nd Bu mess railed \,tr Mui\ 1hul to
New Yon:
Being of a ,q>ortmg d1Spos1t,on
nd amb1t1on M, Mulvihill
decided to go to New York 9.rlth the notion of b nriln!l'
a prl'"' fight pro'lloter
I! he could tame wild .,lands
h,. re.i oned l•e cc I r! tane prizefighters and managers
devious and sm1ster though
he,r '\\a\,
ll'Ight bP.
So Mr. M•,-v1h11! tetht-red his .~tana •o •r,e bE'a .i and afl r ad r -ushmg
It, deput d
Fo ~orr.e 'I\ eek th JS. nd "Pffifd to bl'OOCIil d mope aboi.t
1le'1le The d11}, :,a sec!, the week, ancl 1 he'1 l • mon••
The island
Fma Iv a f,..v, c'acs ago ,t brok,.. f or, 1ts tetht-r
and ~•arted n,nnmg arr.1c,c all net 'hP,
0<e In\
,n '"t-,
~
1r1ed
•o command 1t to go home
r ,1 n >a'i 'I island wo•lld Ii P1 n ~ m, .... r 11
So now the alla,r has rome lo a er, is
From th way the Island 1s actmg 1t might v. ell be uf'Fer r,.: • rom rab1e,.
Cons que1ll 'r, 1r Mr M 1luhtl1 a.oes not ret.1,n w1u11, thr
me ,rn1,t, ,he
maverick !.•land of C~nd'ewood La.1t w I, oe destrcH·c.
Mr

UlffiP

M1.1J\1h ll •r?Jnll

0

Pomeroy and J R. 81"'an, 1 1~-~(-89;
Ml••
Middl• P•ttenon
and Captain E. P. Je1sop,
110 -3~

~ ~~

1,·ew Jersey
BALTl'SR01:
1pu ,~ 1-- Sweepstake&. Cl•••
.,
E M. Wild, il-11-----,1;
J, Diett,
01 t!) · ;o.
Class B r_ B. Haaur-. !I:! -17- 47'
J. B. Bishop,
:,c: l tl--i6;
J. E. Baum.
111-:.:l-';6.
BF.ACOS
BILI,
rpar
7!)-8,r•~p!tah,

M C. Cleveland,

8~-1•-i~;

Charles

Ma,

,111.

Sw,.,.~
111,;P.
A L Sµl
-\ 8 ll
'1
f ti
H rry John~ c.11 ... ( RF.STMO~l'
, par
I

, dra,,,

n .111 ..,,

'I

A

7fi

F

Dr""rJZt

,,

!qcn

C

H

I\.

~.

k~ \ handl:.ap
l., ~a~

1

-"",

e nit-~,

FSradl,.,
"•
1 i..
~
•...
dr
1
~,;
) J
Pt "" il."".,

.J

~,

-t,'-

c o

..,1der

R.
29-

,;i.,

ft.

W k.t

,n. ~7
Albtrt
,~ -1')
Swe-ep
•!l&eph
!'> i)

akl"s
:
Prl
lfi
>-)
A4 h JC Schl1l'1d(
\3
l
1,
D£\1
,par
s,m1 ,,nal.s
!OT clU'h
c 1 1 r. h n
,.
P
A
Proal
defe·ated
H Hr,
.BI tJ"""S
a rl
)r Harold
V.
Q
iv
rte~ ed Paul ... "'~P'
, and 6.
EC BO LAKE 1 f')o
- -1
-Swet(JVakes.
c:a~,
A
I W B o\
I - 11
,U C S. ~r-htn•
borh
',
C~11o;-sJl
w w Lf'11tt •
1
•
"i-·i I
l"rtd
Cuu ,r
•
-).
11,,ndlcap
Cdra1\
JTI:,t-r.
SI,.

or

THE DEFENSE--NOT
FOR PUBLICATION
Lake Candlewood did not turn
ned it.

There are

half-way

through

were fighting
Rocky River
to 1926.

several

reasons.

my research

that

for
basin

supremacy.
and those

The other

from the basin

that

people

reluctant

said

in the paper.

to see develop.
of public

It

sixteen

years

after

because

the project

company is in a difficult
made lakes.
treatment

of algae

involved

power plants

trical

it

that

neglected

like

are no longer

stated.

You would- have to flood

reg-

until

Now the power
its

three

man-

The

of the state.
Also,

to deal with

area.

I was

federal

did not apply

Why not the utility?

surround•ing

Rocky River

involved

is one of the problems.

projects.

in order

It

on my part

as regards

are now toosmall

demand of the

research

from the beginning

has been the responsibility

Why~ Why the taxpayer'?

His state-

was completed.

position

Water pollution

"R-O-R-A-B-A-C-K

of the paper.

I completely

utilities

wrought

one real.tor...

of an expos~ mentality

ulation

icut

means.

of the

it· from 1707

project

would lead away from what I considered

the development

perspectives

who inhabited

impersonal

to be the le:gi tima te perspective

three

two different

when I was

One· was the character

crook going, n

ment was not·included

as I had plan-

I found that

was the hydroelectric

by rather

was the biggest

out exactly

the

the elec-

nFurther

hydroelectric

feasible':

Mr. Bisio

the en tire

state

of Connect-

to meet the power demands of the same state.

That

is why we are

presently

The only

feasible

energy·.

Lake. Candlewood,

the· Housatonic
our lovely

source

itself'

lake

tied

it

Lake Zoar,

ceased

in the

other·

was over-shadowed
the: operation

of the

basin,

One of the most interesting
searching
they
It

o.r· the

were,

what they

has little

instead,
ship,
does

titles

a panorama
of anecdotes

not

of' the

bearing

It

f"rom Beaver

is not

stric·tly'

what

puzzles

tive

into

little

purpose

does it

place

in 1926.

the· basin

later

of this.

I coul~

and found

or local

a. rather

this

only

to conclud·e

that

tinguishes

it· from homely France

That is

of a perspecIt. is

like

feeling.

What

on a homely part.
little

or a Russian

the

same thing.

like

is

It.

taken

who doesntt.

light

there

of hard-

planet.

have

the

kind

international

or· Danbury

shows,

became a lake.

level~

Central

to throw_ the

property~

It

or Am&rican....

pape·r on a local

serve

their

who

or· immigration,

How do you develop

Tha.t is

acquired·

that

French boy in the Massif

was the

and discovering

and how they

Brook distr·ict:

a research

homework.

granters

company,

of the lake.

to another

history

me..

of the

seem to belong

No one had any foreknowledge
titles

of the basin

construction

of human activity,

seem to matter

discussed

of the research

on what took

that.

are

of the history·

parts

d'id,

questions

and the

and

by pumping

hand' a true· history·

by discussions

atomic

Can you imagine

to be replenished

Non~ of these

On the

is

Lake Lillinonah,

be abandonned·.

from the Housatonic?
paper..

the Ca.nad"ian grid.

of power in the future

will

if

into

that
mfr.

disThey

a

all

have the same unsophisticated,

does Liberty

one..

in Danbury in 1967.

Street

is to salvage

and concentrates._
ough history

on the grantee.

It would. include

wa.s determined,

tion.

By 1926 it moved like

a comprehensive
lic

utilities

lakes

its

I feel

stud'y of federal

and state

effort.

That it

the outstanding
together,

its

information

paper

contribution

regulation
for

these

art

position

and his utility.

is justified

as a first

is. a mi!"'acle ..

in an orderly

the effort

merit,

hi-story

This is

Gathering

mater-

f"a..shion.

and the final

are of tremendous

but bungle along in their

of" writing

man-made

it would incluffe

was a thow to dot course where nobody expected
to do',

of pub-

of Dr. Warner and Kate Turabian

at times,

historical

r

on Mr .. Roraback and

at all

it

reputa-

It would include

of the course;.

and· presenting

very discouraging
whatever

rr· possible,

held together

though the· combination

blackest

responsibility

the present

where its

gr-eased machine.

between his political

that

its

stumbling..

biographical

a thor-

growth and pro-

fought,

earned

a well

the next

of Lake Zoar where all

early

would be determined ..

the connection

ial

where it

and the exact

the necessary

its

were actually

policy

So

the grantol"'

It would include

the creation

battle-s

would have to include

paper for

per spec ti ve eliminates

of the company as regards

of the company's

vitality._

The problem at hand

what I. can from the present

The most workable

jects.

toothless

usual

has been passed

fashion.

Alwere

product.,

value.
to learn
Instead

down to at least

It
'how
the
one

member of the
watered
data

it

I haci collected

that

we had set

by further

element
ed its
lation..

For this

do'Wil.. Why didntt

that

teria

seminar.

research

most- o:f that
way into

reason

I. stick

up in class·.

data

the

paper

The defense

rests

it

ciid. not

I either
out..

was thrown

fit

case.

The
the cri-

had to qualify

Because

of the

out or insidiously

ih the form of undergraduate
its

so

my neck out further'?

in many cases

or throw

the paper· is

time
workspecu-

\'Jhere do we go from here?

Lynn H. Fernandez.

.