Newspaper Articles on the Haywards of Litchfield
The Litchfield Enquirer had a series of editorials on the subject of Haywards and their duties. They shed some light on the expectations of this office during this time period.
“Three Nuisances;–A Growl” (Sept. 26, 1861)
There are three subjects which agitate at the present, and have agitated for some time the forebearance and long-suffering patience of this community, and which oguht to be agitated at the next own meeting---abated or abolished.
The three subjects are three nuisances, three shames, not shams---three culpable disgraces to us and our civilization.
They are, Cows, Dogs, and Parks.
They are all intimately connected with one another. The Cows run at large in the streets---the Dogs run after the Cows---and the Cows run into, and over, and through the Parks.
It is a standing disgraced and shame to Litchfield that Cows should be allowed to run at large in the highway. There is a town law and a burough by-law against the nuisance and yet the law is never enforced. We haven't the pleasure of the acquantance---that we know of---of the distinguished officer of the law who holds the responsible position of Hayward at the present time. We confess we don't know who the gentleman is---who does? But this we do know---that it is his business to arrest every animal running at large in the street and impound it. Does he do it?
We know, and know to our shame, how unpopular such an office is and such performance of duty as the law absolutely requires. We know that so long as men of influence and means permit their Cows to run in the street, disfiguring the trees, rendering precarious the walks, and tearing down the park fences---others of less means will do so---and fear no law.
But nevertheless there should be an end put to it and if men who are well able to pasture their cows still violate the law, let them feel the consequences and let the community mark such men with especial disfavor and disgrace. Their names should be known, and we shall be very glad to publish all such as we hear of hereafter.
As for nuisance No. 2---Dogs, we have little to say. At one time it seemed as if we were all going to the Dogs. Dog-fights were daily institutions and the dog-fever ran so high that at a census taken of the animals less than a year since it was found that there was at least one quarter dog to every man, woman, and child in town.---We are happy to learn that there is at present a prevailing mortality among the barking, biting, howling, fighting nuisances, which threatens to terminate a portion at least of their canine existances. After one or two cases of hydrophobia the proportion of the departures from the scene will undoubtedly be greater.
Nuisances No. 3 is the West Park in its forlorn and disgraceful condition---its fences down, its trees scrubby, its lawn a pasture ground for disreputable cows, or cows of disreputable owners. This has been the condition of the Park for years, and will be for yeawrs to come unless the people who live about it set to work in earnest to repair the disgrace which day by day stares them in the face. Will they do it?
We will wait to see what will be done by the town in the matter, at to know whether we shall always be compelled to endure and suffer such nuisances to exist, which make our county seat the ridicule of all the towns of our county, and a disgrace and burning shame to ourselves.
“Local and County News” (Oct. 10, 1861)
Cows still run at large in the streets of Litchfield, and make the walks disgusting. They do not seem to have learned, or their owners do not, that a town meeting was held on Monday, and a new Hayward was appointed, whose duty it is to arrest all stray cattle, and impound them. H.B. Graves, Esq., is the newly appointed officer. Will he be as indefatigable in his duty and as great a terror to evil-doers in this line of his profession, as he is in others?
“The Petition of the Milch Kine...” (Dec. 19, 1861)
To Mr. H.B. Graves, Esq., Hayward of the Borough of Litchfield; or to either of the Haywards of the Town of Litchfield, Greeting:---
The petition of the Milch kine now compelled to go at large in the streets of the Borough---humbly showeth---That for years past, as far back as our memory runneth, we have been driven to this stern necessity of finding a great proportion of our living in the highways and byways of the village and its environs. That while so doing we have been subjected to all manner of severe remarks from individuals---and also from the Public Press---nay, we have been clubbed, and stoned, and bitten by dogs---to the injury of our own good name, and the reproach of our owners
We have been charged with stealing---taking our supper of cabbage---trespassing in door-yards---and other acts---which charges, since individuals, whether human or bovine, are not compelled to testify when their testimony criminate themselves, we must decline to answer---and that now upon the setting in of witner we are still turned out to graze of pilfer, as hunger may demand.
We therefore do now, in view of the gloomy prospects that are before us for 3 or 4 long winter months to come, respectfully and humbly suggest that you would take us under your benevolent and official care and provide us with a home in the public Pound---where we may be fed, and tended with proper kindness at the expense of our owners, until they shall learn in their treatment of us, the truth of the saying---The merciful man is merciful to his beast.
And your petitioners will ever pray.
Old Brockle,
in behalf of herself and her suffering companions.
“A Proclamation” (May 22, 1862)
We call the attention of our town to the important Proclamation found below. We trust the demands, threats, promises, therin made will be observed and regarded to the letter, and we hope all good citizens, who are in favor of maintaining their unprecarious standing in society and who desire to be uncontaminate in their public walks, will lend all the aid in their power toward the enforcement of the law; we most abundantly hope that the General in charge may have all the grace and nerve necessary for the accomplishment of his Herculean task.
HEADQUARTERS ARMY OF OCCUPATION.
LITCHFIELD COURT HOUSE,
May 13th, 1862.
A PROCLAMATION.
General Orders, No. 1. - Having been, by the free and sovereign people of Litchfield, elected, promoted and installed into the important and highly responsible office of Hayward for the ensuing year, I have thought it advisable to make known to the rebels, in a public manner, the rules that I intend to inaugurate in this department of official trust and honor.
1st. All animals that are suffered to run at large in the streets in the night season, will be declared \textit{contraband} and be sent to Fort Wells for safe protection, and unless redeemed, will be \textit{confiscated} to pay the expenses of this part of the service as the law provides.
2d. The suffering of animals to run at large in the highways in the day time (except milch? cows) is absolutely prohibited, upon the pains and penalties of impoundation, sequestration, and confiscation.
3d. All citizens are hereby called upon to aid the commanding officers in enforcing these rules, and those who refuse will be tried by court mar(tial) shal, and the sentence of the court will in every case be strictly executed.
4th. All officers who are subordinate in this command are particularly enjoined to see this order enforced in every case of violation, irrespective of purse, person, or persons.
Given under my hand in obedience to the duties of the law, and the dictates of sound justice, the day and year above written.
HENRY B. GRAVES, Hayward,
Commanding the forces at Litchfield Hill.
“Local and County News” (June 12, 1862)
Only another thing is needed, (we write it with mortification and shamefacedness), to keep the streets clear from cows, and we should have nothing to complain of. That the County Seat, should permit, what no other town in the country does permit for a day, cows, lean and fat, to run at large in the public thoroughfares, is a disgrace and shame, too shameful to make public, but too disgraceful to endure. Will it always be so? Will not the Haywards of the town or the Bailiff of the borough do their duty? And will ``public sentiment'' always tolerate such a nuisance and disgrace?
Sources
- Henry B Graves. “A Proclamation.” In: Litchfield Enquirer (May 22, 1862), p. 3. url: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1862-05-22/ed-1/seq-2/.
- “Local and County News.” In: Litchfield enquirer (Oct. 10, 1861). url: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1861- 10-10/ed-1/seq-2/ (visited on 11/29/2023).
- “Local and County News.” In: Litchfield enquirer (June 12, 1862), p. 2. url: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1862-06-12/ed-1/seq-2/ (visited on 11/29/2023).
- “City and Vicinity.” In: The Republican Farmer (Dec. 1866), p. 3.
- Old Brockle. “The Petition of the Milch Kine...” In: Litchfield enquirer (Dec. 19, 1861). url: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1861-12-19/ed-1/seq-2/ (visited on 11/29/2023).
- “Three Nuisances;–A Growl.” In: Litchfield enquirer (Sept. 26, 1861). url: https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020071/1861-09-26/ed-1/seq-2/ (visited on 11/29/2023).


