Extensive correspondence, writings, notes, and illustrations document Bainton's roles as lecturer, researcher, artist, world traveler, friend to the oppressed, ardent pacifist, teacher, and mentor. Bainton was born in England and emigrated first to Canada in 1898 and then to the United States in 1902. He taught church history at Yale Divinity School from 1920 to 1962, serving as Titus Street Professor of Ecclesiastical History from 1936. Bainton wrote prolifically and was an authority on Luther and the Reformation, Christian attitudes toward war, Congregational history, and the history of the Yale Divinity School.
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