Karen Danielson Horney was born in Hamburg, Germany, on September 16, 1885. She received her medical degree in 1909 from the University of Berlin. In the same year she married Oskar Horney, a Berlin attorney, from whom she was divorced in 1937. From 1914 to 1918 Karen Horney studied at the Berlin-Lankwitz Psychoanalytic Institute, and it was during this time that she participated with Sigmund Freud in discussions on psychological analysis by non-physicians. Dr. Horney left Germany for the United States in 1932, and became the associate director for the Chicago Institute of Psychoanalysis. From 1934 to 1941, she was on the teaching staff of the New York Psychoanalytic Institute. In 1941 Dr. Horney was one of the founders of the American Psychoanalytic Institute, and helped start the Association for the Advancement of Psychoanalysis. She died in New York on December 4, 1952.