The Medical and Scientific Collection contains documents compiled by the Mattatuck Museum. The documents were collected over a period of years and cover the dates between 1772-1938 and undated.

The Medical and Scientific Collection contain various medical journals and personal documents regarding illness. The collection contains various notebooks kept during medical school as well as during practice by various Waterbury doctors. Also included in the collection are city announcements on recent outbreaks of diseases such as Typhoid fever and on the effectiveness of the smallpox inoculation. Also represented are various personal accounts regarding illnesses such as whooping cough.