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THOUGHTS ON J FK TEN YEARS AFTER DALLAS
****
BOOK AWARD RECIPIENT
****
ALISON C. ROTH
T he P residency o f J ohn K ennedy i s n o m ore thCl.n
1:1
dreElm t o me.
M ost o f wh:?t I r emember : ?bout h im i s v ery b lurred EI.nd p rob:?bly
c omes f rom b ooks EI.nd o ld m flgE'zines w hich I reEl.d i n greEl.t v olume
E '.fter h e d ied.
I WPS unpWE're o f h im d uring h is El.dministrE'.tion,
: ?l t hough 8.fter t he k illing i n D fl.llp.s I t ried h flrd t o r emember whF.'.t
t he K ennedy y efl.rs w ere l ike f lnd cp·me u p w ith
f ew s Cflttered
fI
m emories: o ur s econd g rE'de c lfl.ss v oting f or h im i n o ur own " redseyour-hE'nd" e lection, E' TV n ews c onference w here h e s miled
fI.
g ref't
d efl.l, fl. n ewspE'per p icture o f h im k neeling E'-t t he g r[lve o f h is deE'd
SOlJ-'.
T he f l.ssflssinption i tself W8S d ifferent.
L ike m ost p eople I
cp.n r emember v ery w ell t he e v€'nts thE'.t t ook plfl.cE:' t hfl.t d ['y.
I Wfl.S
i n f ifth grfl.d.e p.nd o ur clF.' s s WEl .S i n t he m iddle o f s ome p .ri t hmetic
p roblems, f rpctions, I t hink.
I h flted t hem p flssionptcly, s o, w hen
M r. C phill, o ne o f t he e ighth g rp.de t efl.chers p t o ur s chool w plked
i nto t he r oom w ithout k nocking, I WP.S g lpd F.'nd wF.'Itched h im w hisper
s omething t o o ur t e[lcher.
S he s pid, " Oh, n o,'; o ut l oud f ind t he
c lpss l ooked u p [ It h er e xpectfl.ntly.
C phill w ent o ut.
bF.'l.ck t o w ork.
S he s hook h er h efld f ind M r.
We p sked h er t o t ell u s, b ut s he t old u s t o g o
M r. C flhill r eturned fl. m inute l fl.tf'r [I.nd c onfirmed
w hflt h e t old h er b efore fI.nd s he
[l.t w hich h e f lnswe r ed,
\I
"g~in
p rotested w ith fI·n " oh, n o,"
o h, y e s , l ook o ut t he w indow."
n epr t he w indow; we l ooked o ut fl.nd S[lW n othing.
O ur r ow W[1.S
Th€'n o ne o f t he
b oys SP i d, " They're t f'king d own t he f lE'.g," [ lnd o ur t e[l.che r b urElt
i nto t efl.rs.
P resident K ennedy w ps s hot find defl.d i n T exps.
�-3
T he l oudspE'El.ker c eme o n El.nd t he p rincipEll
El~ sked
u s t o sfl.y
p rflyer.
p.
My s ister E'I,nd I f ound eE'lch o ther E 'lfter d ismissE'l,l E'l.nd wP·lked
o ut i n
8.
dE'l,ze.
M ost o f t he teE'l,chers we pEl.ssed w ere c rying, o ur
p rincipEl,l hEl.d r ed e yes E'I,nd o ther k ids w ere c rying t oo.
We k new we
s hould f eel s ome s hock, b ut we s tE'l.rted t o WE'l,lk home w ithout m uch
f eeling,
~s
e~ch
we q uietly t old
r ooms l eerned o f t he n ews.
o ther h ow o ur r espective home
A n eighbor p icked u s u p E'I,nd. b etween
h~d
s obs i n h er k leenex i nformed u s thE'lt V ice-J'r'esident J ohnson
b een s hot t oo.
S he l et u s o ff d own t he
ro~d
u p, we m et s ome k ids who t old u s t hpt J ohnson
L~ter
~, nd
d ecided I h f'lted b oth J ohnson
~. live,
pl~. ce
th~. t
o f c ourse, we d iscovered
( lnd
to
Tex~ , s bec~use
h~ve
he
W~lking
f rom o ur h ouse.
h~.d h~,d ~
he~rt ~tt~. ck
b oth s tories w ere u ntrue.
I
Tex(l,s: J ohnson j ust f or b eing
c~ , me
f rom t here.
~wful
I t m ust b e (l,n
p eople l iving t here who w ould s hoot P resident K ennedy.
A fter t he
[lss(lssin~ , tion,
I
beg~ , n
t o b uy
~,ll
k inds o f
m['.g~.zines,
b ooks, p ictures ['.nd e ven b ubble gum c['.rds w hich t old t he s tory o f
P resident K ennedy's l ife, h is f [',mily, h is w ['r f .'dventures, h is s ense
o f h umor.
I
w~s
mefl.~ure
I b eg['n t o
b orn t en
ye~ . rs
e verything b y t he
b efore 1 963, my b rother t wo
f'ssf'ssin~tion
ye~rs
He w ould n ever k now f' P resident K ennedy ~s I
b eg['n
h~. d.
~, nd
He w ould n ever k now f'. t ime o f s ecuri t y
p e[',ce [ 's I
l ive.
h ['d, f ind I
m~rveled (l~ t
(l.fter i ts
b elieve I
c onfidence f.',nd
how h e w ould e ven b e f lble t o
I t w os i mpossi.b le: t he w orld w[',sn't r ight [ lnd w ouldn't bE:'
u ntil P resident K ennedy Wf.'S
L ooking
b~ck
b~ck.
now f rom t he
v ~ nL8ee
h istorif'ns h (lv C' b egun t o d iscuss J FK f.'S
r isk
~o
y ef:'r:
nucle~r w~r
w ith Russi£l"
o pponent t o K rushchev.
t oo
e~ger
p oint o f t he s eventies,
~
c old w flrrior w illing t o
t o p rove h imself
~,
t ough
He i s c riticized f or h is p 8rt i n t he Bf.'y
o f P igs f.' ,nd f or e mbroiling t he U nited S tf'·tes i n V ietnf',m. H is
�-4
In~.ugurEtl
w orld.
A ddress h elped f orm A mericl? ' s imEl.ge I?S p olicema.n o f t he
Some sl?y h is t erm WEl.S t oo s hort t o d o m uch, b ut thEl.t whl?t
h e d id d o w!?s n ot g ood.
T he c riticism m ight b e j ustified.
b e o bjective: t he w hole
ide~
I t i s d ifficult f or me t o
o f K ennedy, t he €'I?-rly s ixties
~ . nd
h is
E l.dministrl?tion i s g n e motion-pl?cked t opic t hl?t e vokes t houghts o f
i del?lism i n p o I i t ics, thE' g ood ma·n c!?n d o f or h is f ellow
~.
P e8.ce C orps, h umor, v i t El.li t y, v igor,
m~ . n,
t he
n ew s tl?rt, y outh. S epl?rgting
K ennedy t he ml?n f rom K ennedy t he o ffice h older, t he m !?rtyr f rom
t he p olicy
m~.ker,
t he h ero f rom t he
~ . dministr!?tor
i s d ifficult b e-
C8.use o f t he i llusions, t he , myth, t he l egend t h8t s urrounds t he
reEl.li t y.
C ontr8.st J FK 8.nd h is p residency t o t hose m en i mmedi8.tely p receding 8.nd f ollowing h im.
D wight E isenhower 9 s t erms i n o ffi.ce
spE'.nned t he f iftie 's, s eemingly
fl.
lE'.x, e ven d ull,
in~ . ctive
t ime
c her8cterized b y E'. g ood n 8tured g rin E'.nd e. g olf bE'.g. L yndon J ohnson,
~
m~n
b ig
w ith g ood i ntentions, e lected b y o ne o f t he
gre~test
IE'.ndslides i n h istory, f ound h is W8r p olicy o pposed f irst b y t he
y outh i n A meric:E', 8 nd l E'.ter t he g reE'ter p opulE'.ce, E'.nd v :oluntE'rily
Ie ft
0
f fice [l.fter o ne t erm.
i n 1 972,
Rich~rd
A nother g reE'.t w inner b y E'. w ide m[l.rgin
N ixon b ecp.me t he g reE't d ea.eiver, w ith n o e pp8rent
g ood i ntentions f or e.nyone b ut h imself, 8 nd h e t oo hEls m et h is
WE'.terloo.
A g8.inst t hese m en, J ohn K ennedy h 8d E'. s tyle, g rece, v itE'lity:
~
g olden b oy w ith p erson8.1i t y w hich ce.me 8.crasS o n t he t elevision
s et.
He s eemed t o s t[1.nd o ut e.s E'. n ew k ind o f p o I i t iciE'.n--no
w heeler-defl.ler h e, w ith c igE'r c lenched b etween t eeth, mE-king deE-.ls
i n e· s moke-filled b [lckroom f or v otes.
K ennedy gE've t he i llusion
o f b eing 8 bove d irty p olitics, 8.nd t hrough t elevision, e .ppeeled
�-5
t o whE'.t mr-.ny p eople wE'.nted t o s ee, heE'.r ['.nd b elieve ['.bout p olitics,
p oli t iciE'.n s E'.nd t he A meric['n WE'.y o f l ife.
When I t hink o f K ennedy n ow, I t hink o f h is d rive f or e xcellence, h is i defl.s o f ['.mbi t ion El.nd c ompetition, h is s triving t o b e
t he b est.
N ot j ust f or h im p ersonEl.lly, b ut f or h is s tElff, y oung,
v igorous men l ike h im, 8.nd f or t he nE'.tion E'·S E'. who I e.
K ennedy
r 8.ised h ope thEl.t Americ[l. c ould b e 8. g ifl.nt E'.mong nE'.tions, s trong
E' .nd b enevolent, f irm E' .nd j ust, s upportive t o h er f riends.
K ennedy
m['.de u s b elieve thE'.t p olitics c ould b e i deE'.listicE'.lly m oti v['.ted,
E'nd thEl.t t he U . SO WEI·S t he g reEl.te s t nE'.tion
0
f t he w orld.
We b e-
lieved h im b eC8.use we w8.nted t o b eliev€' h im, E".nd i n d oing s o, o verextended o ur reE'.ch i n f oreign EI.ffE'.irs, l e['.ding t o E'. b ig s hock E'.nd
d isillusionment w hen we f E'iled i n V ietn8m.
B y g iving u s i llusions,
o llowing u s t o h ope, f illing u s w ith im8.ges o f t hings t hf'.t w ere
n ot buii- could b e, K ennedy I e f t u s
f.'
l eg8.cy o f d espf'.ir, f utility
[ lnd d isillusionment.
H e, t he imfl.ge o f s uper-IeE'.der WE'·S d estroyed [l.nd t he imE'.gG' o f
s uper-AmericE'. h e h elped t o c reElte WE'·S d estroyed t oo.
N ot e X8.ctly
b y t he m en who f ollowed h im, b ut b y t he m en who f ollowed h is p olicies, who E 'dvocfl-ted whfl.t h e s eemed t o E'.dvocE'-te.
I f h e h E'dn't
d ied, w ould we b e E'S c onfused fl-nd m isdirected flS we E 're n ow? P erheps h e w ould hfl.ve p ulled b E'ck i n Vie-tnD.m i nstefld o f g etting m ired
t here E'.s J ohnson d id.
P erho-ps we m isinterpreted h is i deE'.ls f ind
p olicies:. t hings n eedn't hE've g one s o bE'.dly.
K ennedy t o s ucceed i n K ennedy i nspired d reE'.ms.
r ecord s eems t o p oint t he o ther W8.y.
M8ybe i t t ook
8
P robE'bly n ot, t he
O ne o f t he t rE'.gedies o f t he
K ennedy k illing i s t h['.t we w ill n ev(,'r k now.
�-6
" SINCE KENNEDY: HOPES AND FEARS"
****
DR. HERBERT JANICK
I n D ecember 1 969,
journ~,list
R ich8,rd R overe, b old e nough t o
v enture i nto t he r ecent P 8.st, fl, t hicket a voided b y
l ooked b ack a t t he e xpiring d ecade.
g rim p eriod o f
imperi~ , listic
g reed,
h idden p oor f'.nd f\ ,lienated y outh.
histori~ , ns,
He p ictured t he 1 960's ~s ~
r~, cism,
v iolence, v ulgBL'i t y,
T he c ontempt f or t he democr[1,tic
p rocess s hown b y f l,ll s egments o f S OCiety i n t he p reV\d.ous t en y eflrs
c onvinced R overe " thfl.t we mfl.y n ever E '.chieve t he c iivili ty:r [1,nd t he
s tE'.bili t y th[1·t mfl.kes
f.1.
S OCiety t olerE'.ble."
T he t itle o f h is New
Y ork T imes M~gflzine 8 .rticle ( D ecember 1 4, 1 969 ·), " This S lum o f
fl. DeCfl.de" c ontr['.sts s hflrply w ith t he h opefulness t h['t u nderlfl'Yi
J 'ohn F . K ennedy's i nfl.ugurfl.l chfl.l1enge " fl,sk n ot whfl,t y our c ountry; '
c[',n do f or y ou; [',sk whE't y ou C8.n do f or y our c ountrY7."
W hile
r eE'lists m ight t emper b oth t he p essimism off R overe 8,nd t he im8,ge
b uilding o f K ennedy, f ew w ill d isE'.gree th[1.t thE' o ptimism o:ff. 1 96Q.
hE'.d s oured l ong b efore 1 973.
AlmericE'. v s f fl.ll f rom grE'.ce m ust b e plE'.ced E'.gF.'.insii t he b r'.ckdrop
o f t he b rief K ennedy p rresidency.
T he hr'.rd s ide o f h is o ne t hous[l.nd
d 8.ys i n o ffice, m eE'sured i n l egislr'.tion [I.n d t rN'.tie s , wC'.s m[1.rked
b y c ontinuity w ith t he E isenhower PEl.st.
A c onfirmed c old w [lrrior,
K ennedy j olted r ecklessly f rom t he BE'Y o f P igs,
throug~
t he B erlin
c risis, i nto e scfl,lE'.tion i n VietnEt.m, [l.nd f in[l.lly t o t he b rink o f
n ucler'r w r'r o ver t he R ussifl.n m issiles i n Cubfl..
O nly i n h is lE',st
y epr d id K ennedy p dopt r'. p olicy o f r estrfl.int w ith t he o pening o f
t he h ot l ine w ith M oscow [ lnd t he s igning o f t he n ucle[',r t est b[',n
t ree.ty.
A t home h is t r[1.ck r ecord
W[1.S
e qufl,lly drE',b.
Wnry o f t he
c lout o f S outhern D emocrfl.ts h e d id n ot c hElmpion N egro r ights" u ntil
�-7
f orced t o. b y e vents.
When h e 8 .cited h e d id s o d ec.isively b y o rder-
ing t roops t o 8.ssist J 8mes Me r i.dith . b ecome 8. s tUdent. 8.t t he tfn:d:.v:ersi tY1 o f Miississippi, 8 nd, 8. f ew m onths 1 8.ter i n MElY 1 963, t o c ontrol t he p oli.ce' i n B irmingh8m, .A:18.bEl.m8..
U htil K ennedy r eluctEl.ntly
8.cc.epterd t he n e e d f or 8. t e.x r eduction t o s timula.te e. f a.l t ering
e conomw i n 1 962, N:ew F ront':Uer e conomii.cs WEIS a omforte.blYi o;!i'thodox.
: Bet t o j udge t he K ennedy p residency l in s tric ·t ly que.ntli.tEl.i1iv.e
t erms i s i n8dequ8.te.
I t i s e lso n eceSS8.ry t o r ecognize t he m ys-
ttque s urrounding t he H Frv8.rd 8 ristocr8.t.
H endsome, s ophistica.ted,
z estful, K ennedy e xuded c onfidence t hF1t A mericfl WEtS fI.ble t o c ontrol
i ts d estiny.
T he i inheri t or o f. fl. I i b erel t rpdi t ion w i t h r oots d eep.
i n New Defl.l s oil, h e b rought i nto g overnment i ntellectuE".ls who
s hnred h is b elief thE".t rE".tionfl·l t hought, s cientific m ethod, t echnology, e ducption, p nd e conomic g rowth c ould E"meliorE".te s oci['.l i lls.
T he Pe('.cE' C orps, f eder£1.1 s upport f or t he £1.rts, d efi('.nce O f R oger
B lough o f U nited StE".tes S teel w ere m ore i mportfl.nt E"S s piri tU£1.l
b ['.rometers t hfln C'.S p rC'cticE".l £1.ccomplishments.
K ennedy t he sy;mbo)l
W8.S l Rrger t h8n K ennedy t he f 8 .ct.
M 8.rtyrdom 8 dded
€'
p otent d imension t o t he K ennedy i m8.ge, e.nd
g ave L yndon J ohnson, 8.n 8 .ccomplished l egis18.tive t 8.ctiica.n, t he
o pportlmi t y t o w eld s ubste.nce t o s logEl.ns.
B etween 1 963 EI.nd 1 965
mEl.jor 18-ws w ere p8.ssed :i:n t he a rea.s o f c ivil r ights, e ducEl.tion,
h e8.1th, £1.nd u rbpn p roblems.
A S outhern P resident g uided t he f irst
C ivil R ights A ct i n 8 1most 1 00 y ep.rs t hrough C ongress.
P resident d eclflred w flr o n p overty i n o i t y g hettos.
A r urel
MedioE".re, e x-
tending h eE"lth cfl.re t o t he E".ged, w es en£1.cted o ver t he o bjection o f
t he A mericpn M edicpl A ssociption p nd o ther v ested i nterests.
J ob
C orps, V ISTA, M odel C ities b eopme h E'.llmerks o f t he G re['.t S ociet;w.
I n f oreign nffE".irs LBJ m oved j ust E'S d eftly.
A rmed w ith p c grte
�-8
b lenche f rom C ongress i n t he G ulf o f T onkin R esolution J ohnson
h unted v ictory i n V ietnp.m b y o rdering t he b ombing o f t he N orth i n
F ebrut3.ry 1 965,
~.nd,
s ix m onths l El.ter, s ending A mericFn g round
t roops i nto c ombFt.
B y 1 967 t he I i b erpl c onsensus b egEm t o come 8 pl?rt, t he v ictim
o f o ne g 18.ring f pilure F nd s ome l imited s uccesses.
T he T et o ffen-
si v e i n J 8.nup.ry 1 968 p roved t o ml?ny t hl?t thE' U nited S tl?tes c ould
n ot w in i n V ietn8.m.
~.nd
D emocr8tic S enp.tors l ike M cCe.rthy, F ulbright,
M cGovern d emended 8. r E'l?pprl?isFl o f o ur A sie.n p olicy. I ntellE'c-
tupls l ike
Willi~.m Slo~.ne
C offin p resided o ver d r!?ft c 8.rd b urning
c~ . mpuses.
c eremonies o n c ollege
T he
m~. ssive
stimul~.tE'd
t he GreEl.t S ociety h eightened El.WEl·reness El.nd
o f m inority g roups.
s ociE'l l egislE'.tion o f
e xpectEl.tions
I n t he l E'.tter h E'.lf o f t he decE'.de s ummer r iots
i n m E'jor c ities, El.nd t he g rowing
~.ppeE' , l
Bl~ck
of
P ower s pokesmen:
t estified t o t he c ontinuing gE'.p b etween t he i de[t.l o f e quE',li t;w El.nd
t he r eEl.li t y o f s econd
cl~,ss
b orrowed t he r hetoric E'.nd
p ress demEl.nds f or
gr0~.ter
c itizenship.
t~ctics
C ul t urEl.l · m inori t ies
o f t he c ivil r ights m ovement t o
shEl,ring o f p owen.
c h8.11enged t rndi t ionE'.l s ex r oles.
L i b ernted women:.
S tudents f or El. D emocrEJ.tic
S ociety ( SDS) r iled c f.'mpuses f rom B erkeley t o M orningside H ei'g hts ..
F rEl.gment[l.tion o f s ociety i nto h ostile u nits' ref.1.ched pf.1nic p roportions i n t he s ummer o f 1 968.
T he m urder o f M El.rtin L uther Ki!Tlg i n,
A pril f ind R obert K ennedy i n J une, f ollowed b y w hr.t C onnecticut
S en[ltor A be R i b icoff t ermed t he " Gestnpo t [lctics" o f t he C hia. r·,go'
p olice El.t t he D emocr[l.tic NQ.tion[l.l C onvention w hich s ent s hivers
u p t he n 8.tion!:1.1 s pine.
S t€'[t.dily t he n etion[t.l mood s hifted.
cl~1.sS
by
A b elE\guered m iddle
r e'sentful o f p ushy m inorities, b urdened b y t [l.xes,
"E\ltern~.tiveil
~,ppEl . lled
l ife s tyles w hich i ncorporl'ted d rugs, r ock, El.nd
�-9
s€'xUE'.l p ermissi v ene s s, l~ f ih€' d bl".ck.
R ichfl.rd N ixon (I.nd G eorge
WE'.llE'.ce, E'ppel:'.ling t o t his f e(l.r, w ere rewfl.rded l"·t t he p olls i n
1 968.
N ixon i n t he Whi t o H ouse s et o ut t o r eE'.ssert o ld-ffl.shioned
vE'.lues.
T he S upreme C ourt WE'.S shE'.ped i n fl· m ore c onservE'.tivE' imE'.ge.
BIE".ck P E".nthers w ere b rought t o t rifl.l w hile O hio NE".tionfl.l GUfl.rdsmen
w ere n ot.
pE.'d['l.led.
As pE'.rt o f A S outhern s trEl.tegy c ivil r ights w ere s oftT he Wfl·r o n p overty WE".S t ermin(l.ted, E".nd WE'.S r eplE".ced b y
wh[1.t GE1ry W ills c nlled fl. ;'wE'r o n t he OEO, b using, E'.nd w elfE1re."
Wi t hdr!:l.wl:l.l f rom V ietn!:lm I:l.nd d etente w ith C hina w ere !:I.rr!:l.nged w i t hout
~dmitting
defe~t
or
~
ch~nge
i n p olicy.
T he n otion t hE't h istory r epeEl.ts i tself i s a. populEl.r o ne.
E conomists hl:\ve l ong !:I.rgued o ver t he 2 0 ye!:l.r b oom-bust c ycle.
A rthur S chlesinger S r., t hirty ye!:l.rs EI.go, w rote th!:l.t A mericEln
h istory r olternEl.ted b &tween l iberE'.l E'.nd c onservro.tive erE1.S.
Ln
E1.
r ecent b ook o n t he P residency h is s on, A rthur S chlesinger J r., r emprked thE1.t c orruption r eturned t o A mericro.n g overnment e very 5 0
YE'E1·rs.
T his b rief glE1.nce ro.t whE1.t h flppened t o t he U nited StE1.tes
s ince K ennedy s uggests t he p ossibility o f l "nother c yclicE'.l pro.ttern,
t his t ime
E1 .
p sycho I gicE' l one.
COUld i t b e t hflt t he nfl t ionfl.l t emper
E'l t ernfltes b etween c onfidence E'nd E1.pprehension?
c yc I e d oe s hf!.ve
E'
I f t he h ope-feE'.r
b f!.sis i n f nc t , o ther i ntriguing qUE" s tions o ccur.
WhE1t fl.re t he d urE'tions o f t he s wings?
d own? i n t he t rough? o r o n t he wcW u p?
W here 8 .re we now?
g oing
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Dublin Core
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Title
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Vol. 01, num. 2, Clio - 1974
Creator
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Western Connecticut State University. Department of History
Date
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1974-05-01
Still Image
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8pgs
Dublin Core
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Creator
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Roth, Alison C.
Title
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THOUGHTS ON JFK TEN YEARS AFTER DALLAS
Description
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The Presidency of John Kennedy is no more than a dream to me. Most of what I remember about him is very blurred and probably comes from books and old magazines which I read in great volume after he died. I was unaware of him during his administration, although after the killing in Dallas, I tried hard to remember what the Kennedy years were like and came up with a few scattered memories: our second grade class voting for him in our own 'raise your hand' election, the TV news conference where he smiled a great deal.
Date
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1973-05-01
Publisher
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Western Connecticut State College