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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Vietnam Oral Histories
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
WCSU Archives and WCSU Department of History
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2016-
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Stevens, Brian
May, Marcy
Lindenauer, Leslie
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Location
The location of the interview
Western Connecticut State University
Time Summary
A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview
0-5 min: Family history; Katonah Ny; School teaching; Virginia Military Institute; Military History; WWII; Military society;
5-10 min: The 60's; growing up; conservative society; Government support; Highschool; Entering the war; 1969 active duty; Basic training; Officer; rifle ranges;
10-15 min: Heading to vietnam; Resignation; Getting off the plane; Military advisory command; Training camp for advisory command; Helping the Vietnamese help themselves;
15-20 min: Kien Hoa Province; advising team; Villages/working with villagers; MAT 6; 5 member team; Tan Phu Trung; Militia groups;
20-25 min: Officer; Humanitarian efforts; militias; Village chiefs; Local relations; Civil action; Bridge building; local commerce; Locals - appreciative;
25-30 min: Successes; Propaganda teams; welcomed; Stated objectives of advising team; Tuaduc; Morale building;
30-35 min: Food; Day to day living; Immersed in culture; tour coming to an end; Going home;
35-40 min: Dangerous incidents; Vietcong; Ambush; Shadow governments; Rocket fire; Medevac; John's experience;
40-45 min: War opposition; Stepping back into the U.S.; Surprise homecoming; United States strategy;
45-50 min: Domino theory; communism; War in Vietnam; Good experience; Helping others;
50-end: Pictures; Teaching vietnam; impact of the war; veterans; Chicken hawks; Resourcefulness of Vietnamese;
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
John Sheeran Interview
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Clark, Cody
Florio, Alec
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
Vietnam 1970-1971
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
John Sheeran served in Vietnam from 1970-71 as a United States military advisor. With generations of his family serving in the United States military as well as growing up in a pro-military environment, Sheeran enrolled in the Virginia Military institute and entered active service in 1969 operating rifle ranges for Recruits while also being promoted to the rank of First Lieutenant before being shipped off to Vietnam in 1970.
Sheeran’s role as a U.S. military advisor was to help the local Vietnamese militias in a wide variety of ways from military actions such as coordinating ambushes and medavacs to humanitarian projects such as bridge building and village reconstruction. Sheeran as well as his five man advisory team rotated throughout South Vietnam going to places such as the Kien Hoa Province, Tan Phu Trung and Tuaduc. Sheeran’s experience in Vietnam differs from the common U.S. soldier, because he rarely saw any combat during his tour.
Once Sheeran finished his tour in Vietnam, he was never faced with any war opposition and never suffered the common after effects of war such as having nightmares or PTSD. But he uses his experiences to educate the post-Vietnam generations.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Vietnam War,
Vietnam War 1961-1975--Personal narratives, American
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Language
A language of the resource
English
Type
The nature or genre of the resource
Recorded Interview
Alternative Title
An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.
Vietnam War Interview
Date Created
Date of creation of the resource.
10/30/16
Description
An account of the resource
55 minutes
Oral History
Vietnam War
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1981
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "All My Sons," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by William Walton, scenery by Donald Warshaw
Subject
The topic of the resource
All My Sons (Stage play)
Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005
Western Connecticut State College, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State College
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State College. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'All My Sons' Poster
Arthur Miller
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Donald Warshaw
Plays
Posters
William Walton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
15 x 11.25"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Beach Cottage' Painting
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935- 1999
Description
An account of the resource
15 x 11.25", watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935- 1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Light blue sky in the background.
Beach
landscape
Marjorie Echols
painting
watercolor
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
9x12.25"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C. 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
9x12.25" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Subtle tonalities of green give the impression that the trees are bending to the left side, so the delicates butterflies creates an interesting composition.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Birch trees with Butterflies' Painting
butterflies
landscape
Marjorie Echols
painting
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1991
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Broadway Bound," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by William Walton, set design by Kevin Schneck, lighting design by Frank Herbert.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Broadway Bound (Stage play)
Simon, Neil, 1927-2018
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Title
A name given to the resource
'Broadway Bound' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Kevin Schneck
Neil Simon
Plays
Posters
William Walton
-
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Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
newspaper clipping copied on printer paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'City Tries to Cut Cost of Land Buy' Clipping-Hearthstone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Marks, Paul
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1983-07-26
Description
An account of the resource
A vertical newspaper clipping on paper
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
An article drescribing Danbury's attempts to cut costs regarding their recent purchase of the C.D. Parks property.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Danbury news-times (Danbury, Conn. : Daily)
Danbury evening news (Danbury, Conn.)
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17", poster
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1983
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Fiddler on the Roof," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Richard Reimold.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Fiddler on the Roof (Musical)
Bock, Jerry, 1928-2010
Harnick, Sheldon, 1924-
Stein, Joseph, 1912-2010
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Title
A name given to the resource
'Fiddler on the Roof' Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Jerry Bock
Joseph Stein
Musicals
Posters
Richard Reimold
Sheldon Harnick
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1999
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU dinner theatre production of "Funny Girl," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Karen and Peter Randazzo, produced by William Walton, set design by Joe Egan, lighting designer Mike Ohsann, technical director Frank Herbert
Subject
The topic of the resource
Funny Girl (Musical)
Styne, Jule, 1905-1994
Merrill, Bob, 1921-1998
Lennart, Isobel, 1915-1971
Western Connecticut State University, Student Government Association
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Funny Girl' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Bob Merrill
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Isobel Lennart
Joe Egan
Jule Styne
Karen Randazzo
Mike Ohsann
Musicals
Peter Randazzo
Posters
Student Government
William Walton
-
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4adf1724322bf9541def700b918b33cc
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Grease," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Bradford Blake, produced by William Walton, choreographed by Jackie DeRoeck.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Grease (Musical)
Jacobs, Jim, 1942-
Casey, Warren, 1935-1988
Western Connecticut State University, Student Government Association
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Grease' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Bradford Blake
Communications and Theater Arts
Jackie DeRoeck
Jim Jacobs
Musicals
Posters
Warren Casey
William Walton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17", poster
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1989
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Guys and Dolls," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Bradford Blake, designed by Warren Fairbanks, musical direction by Howard Williams, lighting by Jugger.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Guys and Dolls (Stage Musical)
Loesser, Frank, 1910-1969
Burrows, Abe, 1910-1985
Swerling, Jo, 1897-1964
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Title
A name given to the resource
'Guys and Dolls' Poster
Abe Burrows
Berkshire Hall
Bradford Blake
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Loesser
Howard Williams
Jo Swerling
Jugger
Musicals
Posters
Warren Fairbanks
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2002
Description
An account of the resource
7.5 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Meet Me in St. Louis," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Bradford Blake, produced by William Walton.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Meet Me In St. Louis (Musical)
Martin, Hugh, 1914-2011
Blane, Ralph, 1914-1995
Wheeler, Hugh, 1912-1987
Western Connecticut State University, Student Government Association
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Title
A name given to the resource
'Meet Me In St. Louis' Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Alicia Bartomelli
Berkshire Hall
Bradford Blake
Communications and Theater Arts
Elizabeth Popiel
Fernando Jiminez
Frank Herbert
Jennifer Turey
Julie Leavitt
Kim Lorenzo
Musicals
Posters
William Walton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1995
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "My Fair Lady," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Bradford Blake, produced by William Walton, designed by Vincent Roca, lighting by Frank Herbert.
Subject
The topic of the resource
My Fair Lady (Musical)
Lerner, Alan Jay, 1918-1986
Loewe, Frederick, 1901-1988
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'My Fair Lady' Poster
Alan Jay Lerner
Berkshire Hall
Bradford Blake
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Frederick Loewe
Musicals
Posters
Vincent Roca
William Walton
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2556/rg732_os2_03_010.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1982
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Oh, What a Lovely War," performed in the Berkshire Theatre.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Oh, What a Lovely War (Musical)
Littlewood, Joan, 1914-2002
Western Connecticut State College, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State College
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State College. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Oh, What A Lovely War' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Joan Littlewood
Musicals
Posters
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Parks 'Castle' Makes State Historic List' Clipping-Hearthstone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Miller, Pam, 1965-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987-11
Description
An account of the resource
Newspaper clipping on copy paper
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A newspaper article announcing that Hearthstone Castle had been approved for the National Register of Historic Places. The article also includes quotes from Mayor Dyer, explaining his opposition to Danbury's purchase of the property.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Danbury news-times (Danbury, Conn: Daily)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2603/ms039_08_24_04.jpg
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Original copy split onto two separate pages
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Politics Surface in Officials' Confrontation' Clipping-Hearthstone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Brisgone, Gina
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987-10-24
Description
An account of the resource
Horizontal paper with newspaper article
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
The author reports on a screaming match between two community members. The members accuse each other of being overly political. The argument started over Hearthstone Castle and its maintenance, and soon one member was accusing the other of playing politics rather than caring about the issues themselves.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Danbury news-times (Danbury, Conn: Daily)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
-
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e2aaeb81c963919397c8c4f2f858cb64
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
14x11"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C. 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
14x11" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C. 1935-1999
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
14x11"
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Tree stands at the right background with green border at the top and bottom of the painting.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Red sails boat with tree' Painting
boat
landscape
Marjorie Echos
painting
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2623/hearthstonefrontpage.jpg
27aa0636c0c69c585897b2018ee5e9d1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Residence of Mr. E. Starr Sanford-Danbury, Conn' Drawing
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dietrich, E. G. W.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1895-08-20
Description
An account of the resource
A clipping from a magazine of a black and white drawing.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A drawing of Hearthstone Castle during its design phase.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
American Architect and Building News
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
15x25"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Swamp Scene' Painting
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
15x11.25" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C. 1935-1999
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Pastel and muted colors of green, beige and blue.
Beach
landscape
Marjorie Echols
painting
watercolor
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17" (poster)
8.5 x 11" (program)
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1990
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
8.5 x 11", program
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster and program for the WCSU production of "The Boys Next Door," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Richard Reimold, designed by Frank Herbert.
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Boys Next Door (Stage play)
Griffin, Tom, 1946-2018
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'The Boys Next Door' Poster and Program
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Plays
Posters
Richard Reimold
Tom Griffin
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17", poster
8.5 x 11", program
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Vas, Ana Maria
Cato, Nancy
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1988
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
8.5 x 11", program
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster and program for the WCSU production of "The Odd Couple," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Richard Reimold, designed by Warren Fairbanks.
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Odd Couple (Stage play)
Simon, Neil, 1927-2018
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Title
A name given to the resource
'The Odd Couple' Poster and Program
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Neil Simon
Plays
Posters
Richard Reimold
Warren Fairbanks
William Walton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2004
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Twelfth Night," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Sal Trapani, produced by Frank Herbert, set designer Elizabeth Popiel.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Twelfth Night (Play)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Twelfth Night' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Elizabeth Popiel
Frank Herbert
Jamie Records
Jared Sayeg
Jay Stollman
Plays
Posters
Sal Trapani
Stephanie Madonna
Student Government
William Shakespeare
-
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944e64b123a8d7087db3f962b054e1d0
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
11 x 17"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1989
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Uncommon Women and Others," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Richard Reimold.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Uncommon Women and Others (Stage play)
Wasserstein, Wendy, 1950-2006
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Uncommon Women and Others' Poster
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Plays
Posters
Richard Reimold
Wendy Wasserstein
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2615/votersokland1985.jpg
3fbc4b691a398fc3859dbdbdb9e38401
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Voters OK Parks Land Purchase' Clipping-Hearthstone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Miller, Pam, 1965-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1985-05-01
Description
An account of the resource
A photocopied newspaper clipping
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
The article recounts the vote for Danbury to purchase the C.D. Parks property in 1985. It notes that the vote was heavily in favor of purchasing and had a record turnout. The article also explains that the task force assembled by Mayor Dyer to maintain the castle is almost entirely staffed by people who did not support the purchase.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Danbury news-times (Danbury, Conn. : Daily)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
'Waiting to Hear About Task Force' Clipping-Hearthstone
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Coelho, David M., 1951-
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987-11-?
Description
An account of the resource
One newspaper clipping
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A letter to the editor from David Coelho lamenting the Hearthstone Task Force. He complains that the committee has never met, despite being formed months ago.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Danbury news-times (Danbury, Conn: Daily)
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Poster
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"A Bright Room Called Day" Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Souchere, Deirdre
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1996
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for WCSU's production of "A Bright Room Called Day" performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed and produced by William Walton, associate producer Sal Trapani.
Subject
The topic of the resource
A Bright Room Called Day (Stage play)
Kushner, Tony, 1956-
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Plays
Posters
Sal Trapani
Tony Kushner
William Walton
-
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Poster
Program
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"A Midsummer Night's Dream" Poster and Program
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications and Theatre Arts Department.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1989
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
8.5 x 11", program
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A poster and program for the WCSU production of A Midsummer Night's Dream, performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Richard Reimold.
Subject
The topic of the resource
A Midsummer Night's Dream (Stage play)
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616
Western Connecticut State University, Communications and Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Berkshire Hall
Communications and Theater Arts
Plays
Posters
Richard Reimold
William Shakespeare
William Walton
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._02_num._2_Clio_-_1975/2244/Clio_2.2_[1974]_Essay_4.pdf
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PDF Text
Text
- 2111
AN ITALIAN F.AMILY EMIGRATES TO DANBURY"
* ****
MARTIN RAJC OK
I ntroduction b y :
D r. J ohn L eopold
F or c enturies, H omer's e pic r ecollection o f p ast t radition h as b een a s ource
o f e njoyment a nd Imow1edge.
I n r ecent y ears,
11
scientific 11 s tudy h as t urned t o
o ral h istory a s a v ital b asis f or m an's u nderstanding o f t he p ast.
I n l ine w ith
t his t rend, s tudents i n S ocial S tudies I I i nterviewed o lder members o f t heir
f amilies.
What f ollows i s a v erbatim e xcerpt f rom a t aped i nterview w ith a 7 8 y ear
o-ld woman, whose p arents h ad e migrated f rom I taly.
T aped I ntervieir.
M artin:
I 'm now s peaking t o M rs. L ina N avaco, my g randmother.
w here a nd when w ere y ou b orn?
l -irs. N avaco:
H artin:
25,
1 897.
Your p arents w ere b oth j mmigrants; t hat w ould make y ou a f irstgeneration I talian-American. When d id y our p arents come t o t his
c ountry?
M rs. N avaco:
M artin:
I was b orn i n D anbury, o n B almforth A venue, A pril
Grandma,
Uy f ather came i n 1 887; my m other came i n 1 891.
D id t hey l ive i n D anbury when t hey f irst came?
M rs. N avaco:
} fy f ather w ent t o B rewster, Uew Y ork, a nd my m other's f amily
came t o D anbury.
H artin:
IVhat k ind o f e ducation d id t hey h ave, a nd d id t hey come f rom w ellto-do f amilies?
N rs. N nvaco:
T here w asn't a ny a ctual k ind o f s chooling i n I taly a t t he t ime
my f nther came a cross, b ut my m other h ad a s chool t eacher a nd
s he was t aught i n t he s chool t eacher's home - so s he c ould em-
broider a nd w rite a nd c rochet. S he l earned a ll t he n ecessary
t hings t hat t he c hildren o f t he h igher p eople h ad.
M artin:
And y our f ather was a --?
M rs. N avaco:
M artin:
l~s.
11Y
f ather's f amily w ere n ot
w eren't p easants.
exact~
w ell-to-do, b ut t hey
When a pproxillla.tely d id h e move t o D anbury?
N avaco:
Oh 1 a bout 1 891.
�- 22-
Mnrtin:
D id t hey h ave a cy t rouble f inding a p lace?
M rs. Navaco:
: Hartin:
'i•Jhnt k ind o f l anguage d id y ou s peak a t home?
H rs. Navaco:
M artin:
No, b ecause t he I talian p eople n t t hat t ime s ort o f c ongrgated
i n d ifferent s ections a nd t hey f ound t heir own p eople.
I talian.
Has E nglish e ver--?
H rs. Navaco:
E nglish came o n a fter we s turted t o g o t o s chool.
M artin:
k ind o f e ducation d id you have?
~fuat
l 1rs. Navaco:
M artin:
When y our p arents d ecided t o b uy a h ouse, when was t hat?
M rs. Navaco:
M artin:
1 907 o r 1 908.
And t his i s t he h ouse a t 22 L iberty s treet?
Mrs. Navaco:
M artin:
P ublic S chool, a nd p art h igh s chool.
No, we l ived on Linden P lace. MW f ather s old t he h ouse i n
1 910. And we h ad t o f ind a h ouse t hat was s uitable, b ecause
t here were s ix c hildren, 'rfe w ent a round l ooking f or p laces
a nd f inally l ocated t his h ouse, r..IDich WA.S t he h ouse o f t he
f ormer James C larence Hnrvey who wns a g reat e xplorer a nd
w riter. I t was b uilt i n 1 882 • •• I t was a v ery, v ery e xclusive
s treet. W ell, t here w ere a ctually no f oreigners o f any k ind
on t his s treet.
Were y ou c onsidered a f oreigner, i f y ou w ere I talian a t t hat t ime?
Mrs. Navaco:
MY f ather was c onsidered a f oreigner, s o t hey would n ot s ell
t he h ouse t o h im. S o, t he r eal-estate man bought t he h ouse
and t hen s old i t t o my f ather.
l 1artin:
He wns a f riend o f y our f athers?
Mrs. Navaco:
Y es.
Mrs. Na.vaco:
D elay S treet was - Dr. v lile, Henry D icks, t he M andevills, t he
B oothroydes, W eidles, v ery, v ery h igh c lass p eople. D elay
a nd L iberty S treet a s f ar a s t he c hurch w ere v ery e xclusive.
M nrtin:
They came a ccustomed t o America?
}'Irs. Na.vaco:
H artin:
They came a ccustomed a nd made f riends, a lthough my f ather i n
h is l ine o f t rade, b arbering, became more l Unericnnized i n
s peaking t he 1~erican l anguage. And my m other, o f c ourse,
n ot b eing o ut a s much a s p eople w ithout c hildren - we were
s ix a nd s he h ad enough t o do t o t ake c are o f u s - so s he
d idn't a bsorb t he E nglish l anguage a s much a s someone e lse
w ould. But s he u nderstood q uite p lainly a nd c ould a t t imes
a nswer t he q uestions.
D id t hey e ver s peak a bout g oing b ack t o t he o ld c ountry?
�- 23Mrs. N avnco:
H artin:
D id t hey t hink .America was a l ittle more..--?
M rs. N avaco:
H artin:
No, I 'd s ay t hey w eren't e xactly a :-·rninority, b ut t hey d idn't
a ttend a s much a s t hey d id i n t he o ld c ountry. I t was a
d ifferent a tmosphere complete~, nnd~he r eligion t o t hem was
i n t heir own h ome--as l ong a s t hey t ook c are o f t heir f amilies.•
B ut t hey s aw t o i t t hat t heir c hildren w ent t o c hurch a nd
a ttended t he C atholic c eremonies.
Was D anbury s ort o f s ectioned o ff, l ike a n I rish s ection - an
I talian s ection - a P olish s ection?
M rs. Nnvnco:
M artin:
No, b ecause t hey came a cquainted w ith h im a nd t hought h e was
a ll r ight - not exact~ b ecause h e wns I talian, a lthough t hey
probab~ w ould h ave o bjected, i f I h ad h ad a nyone e lse i n m indyou know, o£ a nother n ationality, b ecause y ears a nd y ears b ack,
t he d ifferent n at ionalities s ort o f - The t rend was t oward
t heir own, f or t heir own f amilies.
Were C atholics i n t he m inority i n D anbury?
H rs. N avaco:
M artin:
\ fell, I m et s ome, b ut when h e came a long t hen I d ecided.
Your p arents t hought h e was s uited b ecause h e was I talian?
M rs. N avaco:
M artin:
!1Jho d id I m eet?
B esides my g randfather--?
M rs. Navn.co:
M artin:
Oh w ell, t hat's a l ong t ime a go.
\rJho d id y ou m eet?
M rs. N avaco:
M artin:
T hey t hought A merica was g ood e nough a nd t hey h ad t heir l ivelihood h ere a nd t hey w ere r aising t heir c hildren h ere. T hey w ere
v ery w ell s atisfied.
A t w hat t ime d id y ou d ecide t o g et m arried?
M rs. N avaco:
M artin:
No, t hey n ever h ad t hat i n m ind.
No n ot r eally, t hey l ived w herever t hey f ound a p lace, b ut
t hey d idn't h ave t he c onveniences t hat t he E nglish a nd American p eople h ad a t t hat t ime. T hey h ad t o b e s atis£ied w ith
t he s maller homes a nd w ith homes i n d ifferent s ections. B ut
t hey w eren't l ooked t oo g ood u pon b y t he t ownspeople. T hey
w ere f oreigners t hat's a ll.
D id y our p arents t hink t hat y ou a nd y our b rothers a nd s isters h ad
a b etter c hance t o make i t i n A merica t han t hey w ould h ave h ad
i n I taly?
M rs. Nnvaco:
Oh y es, t hey l ooked f orward t o t hat. T hey knew t hat t his was
a l and o f o pportunity a nd t hey l ooked f orward t o t hat. S o
my o lder b rother wns s ent t o b usiness c ollege a nd t he n ext
o ne t raveled a fter h e f inished s chool a nd o f c ourse t he r est
o f t hem w ent t o s chool. T hey w ere v ery p roud e verytime t hey
knew t hat t hey w ere i nterested i n t he A merican i deology y ou
m ight s ay • ••
�-24Martin:
T henk y ou v ery m uch.
M rs. N avaco:
You 1 re e ntirely w elcome.
'*End o f t aped i nterview.
* ****
M artin R ajcok i s a s econd y ear B asic S tudies S ocial S cience s tudent a t WesConn.
He p lans t o o btain a d egree i n m edical t echnology, s pecializing i n C oronary
E mergency T reatment a nd T herapy.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Vol. 02, num. 2, Clio - 1975
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1975
Still Image
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Physical Dimensions
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4 pgs
Dublin Core
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Title
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"AN ITALIAN FAMILY EMIGRATES TO DANBURY"
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
MARTIN RAJCOK
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/2579/rg732_os2_03_017.jpg
3978a27d1953e886e6d1bcb9e9dcccca
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
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Paper
Physical Dimensions
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11 x 17", poster
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Anything Goes" Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communications & Theatre Arts Department.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2001
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "Anything Goes," performed in the Berkshire Theatre. Directed by William Walton, produced by Sal Trapani, lighting design by Frank Herbert, set design by Elizabeth Popiel.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Anything Goes (Musical)
Porter, Cole, 1891-1964
Bolton, Guy, 1884-1979
Wodehouse, P.G., 1881-1975
Lindsay, Howard, 1889-1968
Crouse, Russel, 1893-1966
Western Connecticut State University, Communications & Theatre Arts Department
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Western Connecticut State University
Berkshire Hall
Cole Porter
Communications and Theater Arts
Elizabeth Popiel
Fernando Jiminez
Frank Herbert
Guy Bolton
Howard Lindsay
Jennifer Turey
Lori Volpe
Musicals
P.G. Wodehouse
Posters
Russel Crouse
Sal Trapani
William Walton
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2616/ms038_006.jpg
de7774abb53e192fb695f641c7661a8b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"Buck's Castle"
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Ising, I.F.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1902
Description
An account of the resource
3 x 5", black and white postcard
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A photograph of owner Victor Buck outside of "Buck's Castle", later known as Hearthstone Castle.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/2455/20190411_144539.jpg
0c98248980f70b11ae25ce7a923ca2bf
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Promotional Poster
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
18 x 12 cm
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"My Fair Lady" Promotional Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Department of Communications and Theatre Arts
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
circa 1990
Description
An account of the resource
18 x 12", Print on Paper
Subject
The topic of the resource
Theater
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University
Contributor
An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource
Western Connecticut State University's Communication & Theatre Arts department
Rights
Information about rights held in and over the resource
Loewe, Frederick
Format
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18x12" Print on Paper
Language
A language of the resource
English
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A play performed by Western Connecticut State University's Communication & Theatre Arts department
Berkshire Hall
Theater
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2506/ms035_osFolder08_pier_service.jpg
f509bf7c25c80fad95c416275c3080c1
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
12x15.25"
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"Pier" Painting
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
12x15.25" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Saturated colors of grey and white filled the houses with snow, although they are not sharply delineated. Grey border around all the painting.
landscape
Marjorie Echos
painting
pier
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2497/ms035_osFolder08_barrel_service.jpg
8689d4a544115ecb9a88edc1ca86fe55
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
13x11"
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"Snow and trees"
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
13x11" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Although static, the birds appear to be in the midst of a real snow storm due to the technique used by the artist.
landscape
Marjorie Echos
painting
pier
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2524/rg732_os2_03_001.jpg
fda0bd8c9d640adbb11168276e2555ba
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"The Front Page" Poster
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Western Connecticut State University. Communication and Theatre Arts Department.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1993
Description
An account of the resource
11 x 17", poster
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Poster for the WCSU production of "The Front Page" at the former Berkshire Theatre. Directed by Sal Trapani, produced by Bill Walton. The poster mimics the front page of a newspaper.
Subject
The topic of the resource
The Front Page (Stage play)
Hecht, Ben, 1894-1964
MacArthur, Charles, 1895-1956
Western Connecticut State University, Communication and Theatre Arts Department
Ben Hecht
Berkshire Hall
Charles MacArthur
Communications and Theater Arts
Frank Herbert
Plays
Posters
Sal Trapani
William Walton
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._44_num._1_Clio_-_2017/6969/Clio_2017_issu_final_35_the_sick_man_of_asia.pdf
fd6910133581a6cb01a3e613847cfd5d
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Vol. 44, num. 1, Clio - 2017
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
"The Sick Man of Asia:" a Study of Two Epidemics of Plague in Late-Qing China
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Maher, Shawn
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2017-05
Description
An account of the resource
43 p.
Subject
The topic of the resource
History and criticism
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
Western Connecticut State University, Department of History
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_2020/6726/his498_pfeiffer_small_[4].pdf
cd817dcdcbb5b914219aae13578cc036
PDF Text
Text
�OFFICIAL GUIDE BOOK
INAUGURAL 197 3
l'r,·st'ntcd wit/, 1/,.,. cornplirncnls of Ilic lnn111t11rnl Con1111ittee
I, WILLARD MARRIOTT, Chairman
Pngc
8.111 .• •• • .••• •...•.•..•....•. . ... . . . •. . •. . •• . •• . .. .. ..• . 14
Concerls . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
General Information Telephone Number~ . . . . . . . • . • .. • .... zo
Ho,ritality Committee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 32
Inauguration Ceremon)' . •. .... . . . .. •.. ...... . .• . • . . .. . . . . 13
1973 Inaugural Committee • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 6
Jn~ugur.il History . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
li<itnse Pl.1ties . . . . . . • . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 2·1
~tedttl and Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . 22
"-iedical Committf'C - ... . .. . . • . . ..... .. . . . ...... . .. . .. . .. , JO
Official Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
P•radc .......... . ..... .. . ........ .. . ... .. ... .. .. . .. .....
r•rade Route ~lap . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • • . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . .
Placrs of Interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Program of Official Even t• . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . .
Salute to Americ>', Heritage . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • .
Salute to the State, .. . ... . . • . . ... • . . .. •.... . ... . . . .. . • • . .
State Soc&~tlcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . .
14
16
ZS
4
11
11
• 1O
TJtk~ts .. .• .. . . .. , .. . . . ... . . .. . . . .... . .. . .. ~ . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Traruportatlon
. . ... . . . ~. . .. . . .................. . ... 19
1
\ eterans
. _. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Vice President's Rcct'ption . . ..• . ..•..•...•.. . •....... . ....
l
1
Wh,1t to Wear . . . . ........ . ..... . ............. , . . . . . . . . 18
\\tor,hir Service _. _.. .. .. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
INAUGURAi. INFORMATION CENTER
447-9150
1
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we can so co11d11rt ourselves in this country,
w,d "" med 011r responsibilities i11 building
l'<'llC<' i11 thl' world, tlint years from now people
will look to tire generntio11 of the 1970's nnd
/row we have cond11cted ourselves and they will
s,1y 'Cod Bless America'."
RICHARD NIXON
Victory Sto11temrnt, Ue-ction Night
No,·~mbtr 7, 1972
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RECEPTION FOR
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VICI PRL!>IOf.l1.'T A~D MRS. AGNE.W
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Cor,t ,·rl I l,,.ll ol tJ," John F ~M\iy Cenlt, for the Pulom,.
S .Arh 8y spc-d.al l:wlUt~ c:ioly,
SALIJlE TO A~1ERICA'S HCRITACE
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�VETERANS' CO'.I.IMrr,
STATE SOCIETIES
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�OATH OF OFFICE
I ,lo JOkm'1llf r•.'rttr (or affirm) that I '..•Ill f,11th/ully
utcu1 1• du· o, .,~ of Prt'jident of the Unitt"d Sta.tc.s.,
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CAI\OLELIGHT OIN l'\ERS
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�omctAL INAUGURAL BOOK- 1973
''The Spirit of ' 76"
Tt. .. OH1dAl tn.....,, ur.1 B<-o•
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A~O 1973 INAUGURAL PLATE
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tbr ~ , . , .._ T w.o t1pn of ..,.,..,_ -
-
�HCl',PIT \LITY COMMITTtE
""- ~ - , tlw 1• ~ 11'1,i, 1r1ra.l C :,,n, Ill•• \!o'f' •,l1.oaw .,,_ Ii,
" .. '•"-"" • (. .aroal 'I ha• t:i--11 ~u, r!C'.&iUf'I. •o ,.,..,.,.,. IN,
f. • • ~ •h•t. "Vt' ~ w1U .tn•~ff yo.r q,a,nhon1 •nd •d4
ta , - r IQllrn\lad.11,c of lht, h1,torK" n·t'nl
T9 _.kcaw 'f'(loll Mwl ~i.H you with ltll\lra.tk,fl Md •••hi
...,it
du,ru,i,; ,..,., 'n~t
to lh• c-n-,, ,h, I t~p,u.11,ty C'oi:acnm..-
1111,.f, lntot'ftl,Ul<Oft ~ h • .al tlw folLowi..c lo.:,1hon,, d-.,, . . IJrw,
~ •f ♦ ~ lf'l_-'f r • )Mll.U,V l';' throuJ,h J,anaa,y 20 ~-. J,q....
""8r v.• t <i\;p N ~ ,-lrnant and u•w•rd"'& C''CP'ffwtl<f'
O.ilfl 11!11.erNbOn.al A,rrou
DllroN ~ u 1-wt,rl
£.mN'f'IJ Row Hot~
rrwnJ,fui, l11tnn,.1i0naJ
AlrpcKt
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\brnott c~~ul 0.ly
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\luric·n Ttnt1 Brldsf•
\l.tyt1o....<tt I fotrl
R-,m.tJ., lnn--0,;,wnt~
Shtt,11on C.atllon l-JotC'I
Sbn-.aton P~,ir. HotC'I
~h<-r•h.-m liofN
Roi•r Smith Hot .. )
~I.Jllc-r I hlton 1-totrl
Un.On SUit.on
Wuh.ncton H~t1on Hotrl
W.uJw,gcoa Hotf'I
\\',uhinaton ~hon.al A1rro,11
Hotd
w,.,,,......,
\I,. ltob«tt StttvN
\tr H.a,old F•n<lorwr
\h~ ~lfand Adktn1.~Mn.. furoU
Jillt1&bonc-,, Mr. H.1rolJ Gtf'fltt, Mr
Rteh.atd H,U"t', 'Ar Bury \\'rlahf
Cr,idr Bl<'C CIN1Pl!'l'•n
D"t""'
\h-., Jhndolpb f r.-nk
\1, .. 1 Su ...an O.a.\li-t
. '
lillAUGLIR1lL INFOR/..1ATION CENTJ:il
447-9150
.
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, 2020
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2020
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Spirit of '76" 1973 Inaugural Guide
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Marriott, J. Willard (John Willard), 1900-1985
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973 JAN 20th
Description
An account of the resource
This is a small booklet is that 6in length and 4.5 inch wide describes the 2nd inauguration of Nixon and events to fellows in 36 pages.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
I found it in the collection given to my family by my grandmother who had it in storage at her old apartment. It was my aunt's stuff she gave her. The collection was made Republican material from the 70's and 80's.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Nixon, Richard M.--(Richard Milhous),--1913-1994
Language
A language of the resource
English
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2604/ms001_10_55_1938a.mp3
cf02cb31e3e8f78bebbaf864db18c62d
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2604/ms001_10_55_1938b.mp3
e9dd10e8d630ca391a30c217db9ccd3b
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
60 min.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
cassette
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Voice of Firestone" Cassette
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Barlow, Howard, 1892-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1938
Description
An account of the resource
60min., cassette
Subject
The topic of the resource
Crooks, Richard, 1900-1972
Firestone, Harvey Samuel, 1868-1938
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Recordings of "The Voice of Firestone" NBC radio program; "10th anniversary program with Richard Crooks" and "The Passing of Harvey S. Firestone"
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
mp3
Harvey S. Firestone
Howard Barlow
National Broadcasting Company
Orchestra music
Radio Progam
Richard Crooks
The Voice of Firestone
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2608/ms001_10_55_1948a.mp3
39c8fcc772c6c89ea96e4cf345b33164
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2608/ms001_10_55_1948b.mp3
45bead5aa45fd61093fe051e1f8bdc9d
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Sound
A resource primarily intended to be heard. Examples include a music playback file format, an audio compact disc, and recorded speech or sounds.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
cassette
Duration
Length of time involved (seconds, minutes, hours, days, class periods, etc.)
60 min.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"The Voice of Firestone" Cassette
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Barlow, Howard, 1892-1972
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1948
Description
An account of the resource
60min., cassette
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Recording of NBC Radio program "The Voice of Firestone" with Eleanor Steber and Thomas Thomas
Subject
The topic of the resource
Steber, Eleanor
Thomas, Thomas L.
Eleanor Steber
Howard Barlow
National Broadcasting Company
NBC Radio
Radio Progam
The Voice of Firestone
Thomas L. Thomas
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2526/ms035_osFolder08_tree_service.jpg
cc6fdf7ccdbeaa9d3974c33f03512bd1
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
watercolor painting
Physical Dimensions
The actual physical size of the original image
19x14.25"
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
"Trunk with Mushrooms" Painting
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C. 1935-1999
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
undated
Description
An account of the resource
19x14.25" watercolor painting
Subject
The topic of the resource
Krapowicz, Jacob C., 1935-1999
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This painting resembles a distant landscape, each result in a feeling of isolation.
landscape
Marjorie Echos
painting
trunk
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._02_num._4_Clio_-_1975/2257/Essay_2.pdf
3c070f7277af7dd379649360b17db5bf
PDF Text
Text
-14-
-
"VJRAT ARE YOU GOING TO DO WITH THAT DEGREE?"
*****
DEBORAH A. RUSSO
As I r eturn home e ach summer v acation t o t he d ull syndrome o f world.ng
a:. 4o-b.our week t o make money f or s chool, i t h as n ever c eased t o amaze me t hat
G everal t imes d uring t hat 8 A.M.. t o
5 P.M.
p eriod, p eople would l et t heir
c n.riosity r un away f rom t hem a nd a sk me a bout my m ajor a t c ollege.
t hat t hey w ere
earnest~
r-ected r esponse:
B elieving
i nterested, I t old t hem-- thereby r eceiving t hl.s e x-
-
Their r e-
" But w hat a re y ou g oing t o do w ith t hat d egree?n
8.ction t o " that" would n ot o nly r edden my f acial a ppearance b ut made w hat
p ride I h ad i n me d iminish.
A pproaching e ach S eptember r ather d espondently i n
J .ight o f t he i ncreasingly w orse j ob m arket, t hat " response" a fter a w hile b ecrune
q uite c omfortable w ithin t he m achinery o f my m ind.
J ust w hat
~
I g oing
t o do w ith " that" d egree??? U ith g raduation o nly i n a y ear's t ime, I d ecided
t o f ind o ut.
The most common a nd l ogical p lace t o l ook f or employment i s a n ewspaper.
E veryone, 11\VSelf i ncluded, t urns t o t his u nexpansive r esource f irst.
D uring
--
t he summer o f 1974, t he New York Times Emplqyment Ads t ook t he p lace o f b reak:t'D.St.
As l ong a s t he c olumns c ontained j obs, I c ontinued my d ay w ith h ope a.nci
e"~ergy.
B ut t his was s till n ot r eliable e nough.
I came a cross t he May 1974 e dition o f t he
2f!Q
Going t hrough my n otebooks
and r e-read a n a rticle e ntitled:
c so You Wanna G et A J ob: A R eader's Guide" b y D rs. D avid D etzer a nd K enneth
Yeung.
Th:1s a rticle d iscussed
l:::.mting e fforts.
S t-qd.ents,
f~ollege
tna.IJy
s ources t hat I r.aund u seful i n 11\V j ob
S ane i nclude t he F ederal C areer D irectory:
G uide f or
. ;;.;:::;;;;:;;
-
!h!! D ictionarz E f O ccupational T itles, O ccupational Handbook
Colle~'::=r
:!'~
a.nC. t he
P lacement Annual... A fter a b rief SUJJIIllal"Y' o f t hese s ources, t he a uthors;
f illed i n t he n ecessary s teps o f a f ormal l etter, l ocation o f wm·k, resumris c.nd
�-15interviews t hat s hould h elp y ou o btain a j ob o f
your~
c hoiceo
W ith n ose-
grinding e fforts, I r ead and r e-read t he F ederal C areer , Directory:
C~llege
G uide f or
S tudents ( 1973 e dition) a nd f ound g eneral d escriptions o f t he j obs
a vailable t o c ollege s tudents w ith d ifferent f ederal a gencies.
Some o f t he
o ffices a " Liberal A rts-History'' m ajor may c onsider a re l isted u nder t he
_ enera1 S ervices A dministration.
G
T his a dministration i ncludes:
( 1) t he PBS
P ublic B uilding S ervice - -whose j ob i s i n p lanning, d esigning, c onstructing
a nd l easing c ommercial s pace;
( 2) t he F ederal S upply S ervice -
an a gency ti1a.t
trSl"..s~
"-Cts a s a m anager o f e verything f rom p rocurement t o p ublic u tilities and
p ortation;
( J) t he N ational A rchives a nd R ecords S ervice - - lalown a s " the
r.>.emory o f t he n ation"; a nd
( 4) t he A utomated Dst:.a a nd T elecommunications
S ervice - - whoee p urpose i s t o p rovide d ata p rocessing a nd t elecommunication
s ervices t o a gencies o f t he f ederal g overnment..
T hese a gencies o ffer t raining
p rograms i n p ersonnel a nd b udget a dministration, a rchival and r ecords
mc:.-·ctg0~
r..r;nt, i nvestigation a nd law:.
I n t he D epartment o f H ealth, E ducation a nd W elfare I i nvestigated t hose
p rofessional o pportunities w ithin t he S ocial S ecurity A dministration a s w all
a s t eaching p ositions i n t he F ederal P rison S ervice.
( Teaching o pportunities
i n t his s ervice, f or i nstance, s tart a t G overnment S ervice l evel#
5 --
(GS-5)
t he minimum r equirements b eing a 4 -year B achelor's d egree a nd c ertificet:i.on ...
:~he
h ighest d egree y ou c an o btain :La GS-9 f or w hich y ou m ust h ave h ad 2 y ears
o f p rofessional e xperience o r a n o ver-all cum o f
3.5,
a GRE s core o f 6 00 or-
better, o r e lse, t he c ompletion o f r equirements f or a m aster's d egree.
~T~
T here
o ther o ptions i n t he s tipulatj_
ons f or t he 1 evels o f d egrees t:ha.t c a:!J. b e
: -aet.)
C areers i n t he S ocial S ecurity A dministration i nclude:
IT~rsnce
( 1) a: S ocin.l
R epresentative who t ake c laims t hrough p ersonal a nd t elephone i n-
-terviews f or a ll t ypes o f s ocial s ecurity b enefits a nd t hereby d evelops ':1-nd.
ad~~ :; 05.r.ates t hese cla.i.rl.s;
( 2) a S ocial Insu:r.ance C laims A uthc:rizer w~1o d e-,i,-5·:.: s
�- 16llh.ether a n a pplicant i s e ntitled t o s ocial s ecurity b enefits a nd i n w hat
a mounts.
I n a ddition, t here i s a Management I ntern P rogram t hat p rovides o ver
a 2 y ear p eriod o f i ntensive o n-the-job a nd c lassroom t raining, b road k nowledge
.,-_;:J.d. e xperience i n t echnical a nd a dministrative p ositions.
(A p erson i n t his
p rogram i s u sually a ssigned t o a d ifferent j ob e very f ew m onths t hereby e nabling
h im t o o btain e xperience i n v arious b ureaus a nd o ffices. )
The f inal c areer
c pportunity t he SSA o ffers a c ollege g rad i s i n Computer Programming.
Not O IL!f
rioes o ne k eep t abs o n i ndividual e arning r ecords o f a lmost 2 30 m illicm. America...11s
i n t his j ob, b ut o ne i s a lso r esponsible f or t he c omputation o f b enefits a s 'treTI.
.<>.s t he u tilization o f SSA s ocio-economic d ata r esources f or r esearch.
T:1.ese
r ositions g eneralJ.y s tart a t a GS-7 r ating a nd g o a s h igh a s GS-12 o r GS-Jla:.,
1·JU.r r ating i s d etermined b y e ducational h onors ( for i nstance, members o f P hi
.1\J.pha T heta a s w ell a s t hose o f o ther h onor s ocieties a re e ntitled t o s tart ar.ry
g overnment p osition w ith a GS-7 r ating) ~ y our g rade o n t he PACE (Professit;",r.EJ.
::-.....d. A dministrative C areer E xamination).
.
D id someone m ention PACE? B efore I r amble a ny f urther, a f ew w ise 1-rords
r:~')out
" Charley PACE" IIIIlSt b e s aid.
F irst o f a ll, t his exam i s g iven p eriodica.l.ly
i n t he m ajor c ities o f t his c ountry ( in C onnecticut, f or i nstance, t hey a re g:>mn
i.."l H artford, New H aven, B ridgeport, S tamford, e tc.) a nd l asts
t en-minute b reak.
:~~1orning,
4!2
h ours w ith a
I t b egins a t t he e arly-bird h our o f 8 :30 A.M. o n a
b ut e xpect t o s it s till u ntil 1 -1:30 P .M.
: tt c ould b e a f ederal o ffense1 - - so b e c areful.
Saturd~y
I f y ou b reathe t he 't,JTong "!<n.y_,
The t est i ncludes
questic~
c:n
v erbal a bility ( similar t o t hose f ound o n a SAT o r GRE Exam) a nd o n mat.h sk:i..lJ.s
( t,h3.t s eem t o d ate b ack t o t hose l earned i n 7 th o r 8 th g rade).
z.he
a;.~ses
o f s tories w hereby o ne d isplays h is a bility t o c hoose t he h :-st
sfbJ.e s olution a s w ell a s h is t alent t o p ut d ata i n o rder.
r~:lestion
A lso, t here
w ould r ead:
F or i nstance, a
" Put t he f ollowing l ist i n i ts c orrect s equsnce1'
(1)
He t ypes.
( 2)
Ho w ri.tes h is p aper.
a r;1
p :';;-
�-17(3)
( 4)
He bands i n t he f inished c opy.
( 5)
C hoices:
He w rites a r ough d raft.
He d oes r esearch.
A-
5,2,1,3,4
c - 2,1,4,3,5
B-
3,4,5,2,1
D --
1,3,2,5,4
These a re f un t o d o i n t he b egj n ni n g o f t his s ection b ut become i ncreasingly
d ifficult a s o ne c ontinues.
The f inal s ections o f t his exam a re m ore m ath-
oriented u sing, f or i nstance, s ymbols i n n eed o f d ecoding.
I f y ou d o n ot t est
w ell o n t ests o f t his k ind, c hances a re t hat y ou 1 ll p robably d o p oorly o n PACE.,
H oweverl, t hey c an b e t aken m ore t han o nce - - there's !!2 f ee - - and i f ycu'r~
~e~ d etermined t o g et a p osition w ith t he g overnment, i t's w orth t he 4~ hmt-:o:•
e ndeavor.
( Personally, I d o n ot f eel t hat t his exam i s a g ood i ndicator o f a
~andidate's
a bility t o a ssume p rofessional r esponsibilities w ith t he f ederal
g overnment. )
V irtually a ll b ranches o f t he f ederal g overnment o ffer c areer t raining
c 'Jllege g raduates.
f~r
S o i f y ou f eel l ike s ampling l ife i n a B edouin camp o r
b unting m an-eating l ions i n A frica, t hen t he F oreign S ervice i s t he p lace t o go~.
No, I 'm a fraid t hat w riting a " brownie" l etter t o H enry K issinger w on't g et yc.u
v ery f ar - - so y our b est o ption i s t o l et t he D epartment o f S tate i n
D.,C. know y ou're i nterested i n e mployment.
:·r .ents t o g et i nto.
c andidate m ust b e
Washingto::~
T his i s o ne o f t he t oughest d epart--
A ppointments a re made o n a v ery c ompetitive b asis.
21
y ears o f a ge, a
u.s.
A
c itizen, p ass a w ritten a nd o ral e:::::£:::-._.
z~:m ( if a ppointed) s erve o ne c omplete t our o f d uty w hich u sually l asts f rom 2 t . o
5 y r:.ars.
-
~:.-~and.ing
The
wr:itt~n
.exam i s d ifficult a nd i s d esigned t o m easure o ne's u nder--
o f t hose i nstitutions a nd c oncepts t hat a re b asic i n t he
t he U nited S tates a s w ell a s t hose o f o ther c ountries.
clevelop~:~.en+.
I t r equires a
~)l
::''?'·lll<ied l iberal a rts b ackground w ith a n e mphasis o n f orms o f gover:-:.m.ent,
:L~al
a nd e conomic p ractices o f t he
a rt, a.n.d philosophy~
U.s.,
,. -?
poli-t.~
s ocia1 p atterns, g eography, l it eratu::·-B,
The w ritten exam i s b roken i nto f oux s ections:
( 1) 1 hC'F. ~\·
�- 18exam o n g eneral b ackground;
(2.)
45
( 3) 1
m inute exam o n E nglish E xpressionJ
h our exam o n a Functional F ield o f S pecialization s uch a s a dndnjstrative,
e ccnomic/camnercial, p olitical a nd c onsular, o r i nformational; a nd
(4)
45
a
'l?.':..rm.te e ssay.
H ere a re some e xamples o f t ypical q uestion t o e xpect:
,...,_
~J.es
t • .on
1
{ t!- The d ismissal o f t he a ppeal i s s upported b y r eference
to
i nternational l aw a nd t o:
( a)
( b)
( c)
{ d)
{ e)
91~estion
Ul, -
m aritime r egulations
t he l awa o f o ther n ations
l iiWlicipal l egislation
t he s tatute o f t he A dmiralty C ourt
i ntervention
Rank t he f ollowing c ountries a ccording t o t he s ize o f t heir
1971 p er c apita GNP ( from l argest t o s mallest):
{ a)
( d)
I srael
Sweden
( c)
( b) G reat B ritain
( e) E gypt
Mexico
T hose q uestions I f ound m ost i nteresting t o d o w ere i n t he " Information
:;>;!.:!d C ulture" s ection c onsisting o f a rtificial l angua.ges.
F or i nstance:
s.re t hese?'' m ight b e w ritten a s - - "? a rdimo z a u thuta u tib".
" What
T he c orrect r e-
s~:onse ( "they a re d ogs") m ight t herefore b e w ritten a s " ard:imo s y u toled l u
i~.ti.ba
l u."
I f y ou c an g et t hrough t his w ritten exam, t he o nly o ther o bstacle y ou n eed
f ear i s a n o ral e xamination i n f ront o f a B oard o f E xaminers i n W ashington, DaCo
t esting y our k nowledge o f U .s. f oreign p olicy a s w ell a s y our a bility t o g et
t hrough a:wkward s ituations r equiring much d iplomacy o n y our p art2
Upon t he
D .lccessful c ompletion o f t his o ral, y ou may v ery w ell f ind y ourself o n y cur wa1··
t o a B edouin c ampl
T rue, i t i s a v ery d ifficult
exam.~
i t i s b y no
me~s
J .r:possible ..
I t s hould b e n oted h ere t hat a lthough t here i s
~foreign
lang-u.age
requi~·e:-
:ment, i t i s h ighly p referred t hat a c andidate f or f oreign s ervice p ossess a
s ·h"ong p otential f or l anguage.
s~_
:.t._r:;..~ ~Of;;.;.;.f;;.;i;;.;c;..;;e;.;;.r
As p age 1.3 o f t he
C areers b ooklet s tates:
1
-974 ExaminationR·f or F ore!£n
-
-~-
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1
“Sing Poet in Our Name”: The Arc of National Emotion Portrayed and Preserved
in the Poetry of the Civil War1
Elizabeth Young
Every generation experiences tragedy, upheaval and catastrophe. Often times these
episodes are defined and depicted by an art form, be it music, painting or prose. In the era of
the American Civil War, it was poetry. In reading various secondary sources on the Civil War, I
became engrossed in and enamored of the poetry. Its proliferation before, during and after the
war provide an accurate chronology of the events as well as the emotions that accompanied
them. Reading the poetry one can find vivid descriptions of a battle and a corresponding verse
by a mother who lost her son in that same confrontation. The poetry renders heart wrenching
insight into the conflict as a whole, its sheer devastation, as well as its impact on a deeply
personal level. Poetry was the art form that mirrored and channeled national and private
sentiment during the American Civil War.
The unique nature of the war, taking place on American soil, American against
American, was perhaps a reason for so much emotional writing. The loss of life touched
everyone.
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow articulated this eloquently in his poem, “Killed at the
Ford”
That fatal bullet went speeding forth
Till it reached a town in the distant north
Till it reached a house in a sunny street
Till it reached a heart that ceased to beat
Without a murmur, without a cry
……………………………………………………..
And the neighbors wondered that she should die.2
1
Walt Whitman, Civil War Poetry and Prose, edit. S. Applebaum and C. Ward (New York: Dover Press, 1995), 35.
2
Drew Gilpin Faust. This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War. (New York: Random
House, 2008), 143.
�2
Drew Gilpin Faust observes in her book that the Civil War marked a new relationship
with death for Americans.3 The evolving American concept of death and valuation of human life
play a role in the desire to document feelings, reactions and experiences using a dramatic and
beautiful form. More than merely journaling, poetry is art and, with its creation, may have
provided some solace.
Poetry was authored by all manner of individuals, regardless of education, economic
status, race, creed or gender.4 It served many purposes, to communicate, mourn, comfort, and
rebel among them. Was poetry a byproduct of the events as they unfolded? Did poetry serve
as means to expound on what was happening? Or was it an impetus for action? The
abolitionist’s poetry by both blacks and whites drew attention to their cause before Lincoln’s
unleashing of the Emancipation Proclamation. The poetry of the Confederacy stimulated a
patriotism and unity of purpose, prior to and during the years of battle. The question is, did the
vast supply and variety of poetry fuel the fire, fan the flames or simply describe them? Do the
volumes of Civil War poetry still being read today, enhance the legacy of the war?
Much of the work was personal in nature and has remained private. However volumes
of work were published in locally and nationally circulated periodicals, newspapers and
magazines. In this venue, poetry was shared.5 The Atlantic magazine commenced publication
in 1857, with a determined abolitionist bent.6 Its pages were rife with articles, prose, poetry
3
Faust, This Republic of Suffering, 271.
4
Library of Congress. Poetry Resources, Accessed June 12,2012,
http://www.loc/rr/program/bib/lcpoetry/cwcv.html
4
5
Ibid.
6
Edmund Quincy. "Where Will it End?" The Atlantic: Special Commemorative Issue (2012): 12-13.
�3
and photography drawing attention to the scourge of slavery and calling for its i mmediate end.
In its pages, James Russell Lowell, the Atlantics first editor wrote in 1860“The discussion of
slavery is dangerous…….But dangerous to what?....In a democracy it is the duty of every citizen
to think.”7 The circulation of the magazine, bearing poetry of a like opinion was influential to all
who read it. The use of this early form of media to convey opinions in an effort to convince was
only as successful as its readership. Yet as with all printed material, the mere fact that it was
printed validated it to a degree. Therefore, it stands to reason that the more printed material in
circulation, the more citizens would be influenced by its content.
The buildup to the Civil War began with a call to prohibit the spread of slavery in states
newly joining the Union. The defensive and bellicose nature of Southern poetry in the
antebellum period was evidence of vulnerability in the southern economy. The assumed
dependency on slavery to perpetuate the southern lifestyle of an elite few was vigorously
defended with a “bring it” attitude apparent in the poetry. James Ryder Randall wrote My
Maryland in May 1861. He was not above name calling and threats
The despots heel is on the shore,
Maryland!
His torch is at thy temple door,
Maryland
Avenge the patriotic gore
That flecked the streets of Baltimore
And be the battle queen of yore,
Maryland, my Maryland!8
Randall went on to refer to Unionists as vandals and tyrants.
7
James Bennet, "Editor's Note," The Atlantic: Special Commemorative Issue (2012): 6-7.
8
Paul Negri, Civil Poetry (Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, Inc., 1997),12.
�4
The Cambridge History of British and American literature claims that the explanat ion for
such a limited quantity of Southern Civil War poetry was most likely secondary to Confederate
absorption in politics, the pre-eminence of the spoken word as compared with the written, as
well as the absence of centers of thought and life. The far flung residential configuration of the
southern states limited daily contact and circulation of periodicals, apparently. These priorities
and circumstances took precedence over sentiment conveyed in the written word. Most
southern poets were perceived amateurs prone to a quick jotting of a poem, yet not committed
to a life of literature. Poetry was considered a past time and many anthologies were collections
of jottings over a life time rather than a concentrated effort.9 Research for this paper does
indeed draw the conclusion that there is far less Southern poetry than was produced in the
North. The prolific nature of northern writers in general indicates there was greater support for
and readership of northern authors and poets. Comparing the quantit y of poetry between the
two factions allows me to conclude that southerners were much less likely to act in response to
poetry, as there was simply much less of it. Also, literacy rates in the south were far lower
among adult white males than the same demographic in the north. Literacy census taking in
the mid nineteenth century revealed a literacy rate among adult white males in the south to be
approximately 66%, the northeast boasted a relatively high ( in some polls 99%) literacy rate.
Reports reveal a skyrocketing volume of newspapers, books and mailed letters, affirming the
demand for printed material and implying its massive influence.10
9
A.W.Ward and W.P. Trent, eds., Poetry of the Civil War II; The Cambridge History of English and
American Literature in 18 Vols. (New York: G.P.Putnam’s Sons, 1907-21), accessed June 2, 2012,
http://Bartlesby.com/226/1801.html.
10
"Literacy." Accessed July 2, 2012, http//www.enotes/literacy-reference/literacy.
�5
Abolitionist poetry abounded and was produced by blacks and whites, literate slaves
and free blacks, men, women and children. The powerful emotions evoked by the poetry
sparked outrage. Frances Ellen Watkins Harper, a free black woman born in Maryland in 1828,
first published her poetry in 1845, at the age of 17. Her writing was widely circulated in
newspapers and then published under the title “Autumn Leaves” later renamed “Forest
Leaves”. She wrote in excruciating detail of the wrenching of child from mother in “The Slave
Auction”:
The sale began-young girls were there,
Defenseless in their wretchedness,
Whose stifled sobs of deep despair
Revealed their anguish and distress
And mothers stood with streaming eyes,
And saw their dearest children sold;
Unheeded rose their bitter cries,
While tyrants bartered them for gold.11
Reading this verse, one could not help experiencing a deep emotional connection to the
mother and her child.
The Atlantic Monthly published Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s popular poems, “Paul
Revere’s Ride”, on December 20, 1860, the exact day that South Carolina seceded. Long
perceived an anthem of the American Revolution, referencing the ride that woke the states to
the British invasion, it is rather a plea to galvanize the Union once again to fight for the nation’s
founding principles.
That was all! And yet through the gloom and the light
The fate of a nation was riding that night;
And the spark struck out by the steed, in his flight,
11
Janeen Grohsmeyer, "Frances Harper," Unitarian Universalist Historical Society, Acessed Mar.
7,2013, http://www25-temp.uua.org/uuhs/duub/articles/francesharper.html.
�6
Kindled the land into flame with its heat.12
Recalling that America had so recently unified to endure together a war on its homeland,
Longfellow called for raising awareness of what it meant to be an American, the ideals the
nation, north and south, fought to protect. A fierce abolitionist, he was not opposed to blood
being shed in the fight to end slavery. He clearly felt the cause worthy of the sacrifice. Aga in,
this piece speaks to the ultimate Northern purpose of the war, preservation of the Union,
without slavery.
Curiously I encountered a void of poetry directed solely at maintaining the Union,
although at the outset, it was the defining purpose of the Union effort. There is much in the
correspondence of Union soldiers and their families that
describes the inspiration for their initial enthusiasm to be
preservation of the Union.13 The poetry emanating from the
Union, in the Antebellum period anticipated the Emancipation
Proclamation. It spoke to the ultimate purpose of the conflict
and its only possible resolution. While the initial effort was
“Soldier Group,” Library of Congress.
couched in preservation of the Union, the poetry reveals a
grass roots movement that allowed for the declaration of war and endorsed its perpetuation
until slavery was rooted out. Early victory for the Union would perhaps not have achieved this
goal.14 Even the justification for the sin of killing was deemed acceptable in the effort to
overturn the wrong of slavery.15 The Union poetry of the pre and early war period gives voice
12
“Henry Wadsworth Longfellow,” The Atlantic: Special Commemorative Issue, 2012: 26-27.
13
James M. McPherson. For Cause and Comrades: Whiy Men Fought in the Civil War (New York/Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 1997),16-17.
14
Charles Elliot Norton. The Atlantic: Special Commemorative Issue, 2012: 52-53.
15
Faust, This Republic of Suffering, 34.
�7
to the eventual goal of the war. While not perhaps directly influencing the change in purpose
during the battles leading up to the Emancipation Proclamation, the poetry allows insight into
the hearts and minds of those who sacrificed much.
Poetry written prior to and during the initial phase of the American Civil War provides
inspiration for both sides. Vilifying the institution of slavery in the no rth, and support of states
rights in the south, became the purpose of writing poetry as well as a means to communicate
the message. In that way it helped to stir up an infectious and communal enthusiasm for war.
Following the firing on Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, the poetry became concurrent
with the events of the war. Poetic descriptions of the horror of the battles abounded. Scraps
of paper found on battlefields contained verse by the combatants, some described the battle,
in this last letter home.16 Esteemed poets and journalists on the battlefield were inspired to
document events in poetry.17 Edmund Clarence Stedman’s ”Sumter” anticipated a short
conflict ending in punishment exacted for the sin of Southerners:
Not too long the brave shall wait:
On their own head be their fate,
Who against the hallowed State
Dare begin;
Flag defied and compact riven!
In the record of high Heaven
How shall Southern men be shriven
For the sin!18
This call to arms is for preservation of the Union and retribution for secession. The
blame for starting the war is placed squarely on the heads of the Southerners and the
16
Ibid., 23-24.
Negri, Civil Poetry,iii.
18
Ibid., 52.
17
�8
militaristic response of northern men revealed they were itching for a fight and this cause was
enough.19 Union volunteers wrote home of their sense of duty to fight for” freedom and right
as opposed to slavery and wrong.”20 The motivation coalesced around joined purposes and the
poetry reflects that. Its content not only describes what should be done, but what is
happening. The events are unfolding and poets become not only narrators but instigators as
well.
Three million men enlisted in and saw combat during the four long years of the Civil
War. Walt Whitman wrote retrospectively of his pride in the people of his hometown, New
York, in Leaves of Grass, the section “Drum Taps” his “First O Songs for a Prelude”:
To the drum-taps prompt
The young men falling in and arming
The mechanics arming, (the trowel, the jack-plane, the blacksmith’s hammer,
tost aside with precipitation,)
The lawyer leaving his office and arming, the judge leaving the court
The driver deserting his wagon in the street, jumping down, throwing
the reins abruptly down the horses’ backs
The salesman leaving the store, the boss, book-keeper, porter, all leaving
Squads gather everywhere by common consent and arm21
All manner of men from all walks of life signed on eager to face uncertain and violent
circumstances. The war was expected to be short, a quick undertaking with Northerners
convinced of a sure Union victory, Southerners equally as certain of Southern triumph. This
confidence was contagious and prompted many to suit up and bear arms. James McPherson
categorizes the statistics of the soldiers in both armies and these figures bear out the diversity
of the troops, married, single youthful, middle-aged, educated, laborer, alike were “spoiling for
19
20
McPherson, For Cause and Comrades,30.
Ibid., 22.
21
Whitman, Civil War Poetry and Prose, 1.
�9
a fight”.22 The poetry describing this massive enlistment defines an extraordinary sense of
purpose, willingness and even enthusiasm cutting across a broad swath of the population. In
abolitionist James Sloan Gibbons’ “Three Hundred Thousand More” Lincolns call for 300,000
Union volunteers in July, 1862 was answered in unison by men of many ilk:
We are coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more,
From Mississippi’s winding stream and from New England’s shore
We leave our ploughs and workshops, our wives and children dear,
With hearts to full for utterance, with but a silent tear;
We dare not look behind us, but steadfastly before;
We are coming, Father Abraham, three hundred thousand more!23
The major lyric poet of the prewar South, Henry Timrod, was called the Poet Laureate of
the South. He wrote a number of Civil War poems calling to his countrymen to unify and fight.
His poem ”A Cry to Arms” rallies southern citizens to battle:
Ho, woodsman of the mountainside!
Ho, dwellers of the vales!
Ho, ye who by the chafing tide
Have roughened in the gales!
Leave barn and byre, kin and cot,
Lay by the bloodless spade;
Let desk and case and counter rot,
And burn your books of trade!
…………………………………………………………….
Come, flocking, gayly to the fight,
From forests, hill or lake;
We battle for our country’s right,
And for the lily’s sake!24
22
McPherson, For Cause and Comrades, 10.
Negri, Civil Poetry, 11.
24
Ibid., 7.
23
�10
Like Pa in Louisa May Alcott’s Little Women, those who were too old or unable, found
work in the hospitals, stables and kitchens servicing the soldiers. Most men had a singular zeal
to serve. Much of the poetry of both the north and the
south, describing the response to the call, was written after
the events. The fervor of the multitude is palpable in the
words, they respect and honor the memory of those who
gave so willingly, no matter what they sacrificed,
James Gardiner, “Wounded soldiers from
the battles in the "Wilderness" at
Fredericksburg, Va., May 20, 1864,”
Library of Congress
professionally or personally, to serve.
A majority of the poetry describing the battles was
written by correspondents who were moved by what they witnessed. Journalists documented
events not only as news but also in verse, perhaps to convey the emotional devastation. T he
pieces themselves are populated with the now mythic figures of the war, from Stonewall
Jackson and Lee to Grant and Sherman. The battles of Fredericksburg, Shiloh, Bull Run and
Gettysburg, as well as many other major battles are written of.25 These poems are written by
Americans as eyewitnesses to momentous events in U. S. History. Many are written at the time
of the battle or shortly thereafter. Herman Melville wrote many poems compiled into an
anthology entitled Battle Pieces and Aspects of the War, published in 1866. The March into
Virginia, Ball’s Bluff, Shiloh and Malverne Hill among others offer graphic detail of the struggle.
Agonizing emotion is figured into flawless verse. Melville’s “Rebel Color-bearers at Shiloh”
concludes with:
Sunday at Shiloh, and the day
When Stonewall charged-McClellan’s crimson May
25
Ibid., iii.
�11
And Chickamauga’s wave of death,
And of the Wilderness the cypress wreathAll these have passed away
The life in the veins of Treason lags,
Her daring color bearers drop their flags,
And yield. Now shall we fire?
Can poor spite be?
Shall nobleness in victory less aspire
Than in reverse? Spare Spleen her ire,
And think how Grant met Lee.26
Bravery, honor, valor, righteousness and Godliness are claimed by both sides with an
ardor evidenced in the poetry. The battle poetry is fraught with emotion and charged with
veneration. Was this verbiage a true reflection of the spirit of the troops? One would have to
believe that the actual events inspired these words rather than vice versa. Th e poets recorded
observations and accompanying emotions in real time, not considering how to inspire troops to
carry on but rather remarking on their resolution despite, the grueling and gruesome
circumstances. Madison Cawein, writes in “Mosby at Hamilton” of the willingness to further
sacrifice the sons of the south following a failed raid on Union lines by Captain John S. Mosby:
While Yankee cheers still stunned our ears,
Of troops at Harpers Ferry,
While Sheridan led on his Huns,
And Richmond rocked to roaring guns,
We felt the South still had some sons
She would not scorn to bury.27
This poem in particular speaks
to human characteristics evident in the
war, bravery in combat as well as the
26
27
Ibid., 45.
Ibid., 55.
James Gibson, “Brandy Station, Va. Officers and a lady at headquarters
of 1st Brigade, Horse Artillery,” Library of Congress.
�12
fortitude to continue the fight. In terms of the first aspect, McPherson writes, in Cause and
Comrades, of those who could not face battle and hid or ran, although they had enlisted and
the punishment for skulking was severe.28 I could not find poetry that addressed this. Honor
and heroism are the stuff of Civil War poetry. Given the dearth of verse regarding the shirker’s
response to battle, despite the fact that it was widespread, the conclusion can be drawn that
the poetry is not a complete account. Rather it focuses on the valor of those who willingly
served. In this way poetic license was taken to provide a myopic image of the actual events,
excluding those perceived cowardly or dishonorable. The massive body of poetry may not be
accurate to the boots on the ground experience. It is not meant to be. Its purpose is
emotionally charged and not held to the standard of truth in journalism.
To stay the course in the presence of such carnage required a sense of purpose, duty
and pride that is inconceivable. Day after day soldiers witness death and destruction while
facing their own mortality. Fellow citizens and families experienced unimaginable loss. Poets of
all manner recorded fear, exhaustion and grief. Yet the nations carried on. Death was
preferable to cowardice and at the depths of despair, it offered relief. But the cause inspired
endurance to continue. Longfellow wrote:
Thou, too, sail on, O ship of State!
Sail on, O Union, strong and great!
Humanity with all its fears,
With all the hopes of future years,
Is hanging breathless on thy fate!29
28
McPherson, For Cause and Comrades, 48-49.
29
Mary Louise Kete, Sentimental Collaborations: Mourning and Middle Class Idenitity in Ninteenth Century
America (Mineola, New York: Dover Publications, 2000), 121-122.
�13
As the war continued far longer than was initially anticipated, the collapse of morale
among the troops and the weariness of the nation could have been expected. Yet poetry
speaks to a continued inspiration even as the circumstances, on many levels, grew increasingly
dire, the destruction more costly and the violence more fatal. The consequences of defeat by
either side were cataclysmic and neither would relinquish their ideals to preserve lives. John
Greenleaf Whittier, a Quaker abolitionist, used his poetry to endorse and solidify patriotism in
the fight against slavery. “A Word for the Hour” gently encourages perseverance:
….Give us Grace to keep
Our faith and patience; wherefore we should leap
On one hand into the fratricidal fight
Or, on the other, yield eternal right,
………………………………………………………
In closer union, and, if numbering less,
Brighter shall shine the stars which still remain.30
In Whittier’s ode to Barbara Frietchie, a plucky older woman who hangs the Stars and
Stripes out her window despite the oncoming confederates demanding its removal;
She leaned far out on the window sill,
And shook it forth with royal will
“Shoot if you must, this old gray head,
But spare your country’s flag,” she said.
A shade of sadness, a blush of shame
Over the face of the leader came;
The nobler nature within him stirred
To life over that woman’s deed and word;31
This poem was written to tell a true story of an act of bravery by an old woman, as
Stonewall Jackson led his troops down a main thoroughfare on his way to Fredericksburg. The
30
Negri, Civil Poetry, 17.
31
John Greenleaf Whittier, "Barbara Frietchie," The Atlantic: Special Commemorative Issue, 2012: 63.
�14
poet was a contributor to the Atlantic and the periodical published the poem. While reporting
an incident revealing bravery and patriotism, the poet alludes to a retained sense of
compassion and respect for humanity on the part of Stonewall Jackson, thereby revealing
members from both sides to share qualities of goodness. The poem endorses understanding
and respect, no matter the configuration of your flag. This reader feels this poem is unique in
its understated method of making this point, by incorporating the message into the story. It
reveals sensitivity and hope on the part of the poet, without hamme ring the point home.
More than at any other time in the war, the poetry written during the years of battle
appear to speak directly to those who were serving and all who were suffering. By reiterating
the motivational purpose of the conflict from both perspectives, poets inspired those who gave
so much, to carry on the fight. The war was everywhere; the poetry reflected and respected
that fact. Reverential recording of honorable death and sacrifice on the battlefield incented
others to follow in their path. Defining the suffering of those on the home front validated their
sorrow and fortified them to endure.
The dichotomy in the poetry is one of mourning and yet inspiring further battle. No
poem stirs up more passion than Julia Ward Howe’s “Battle Hymn of the Republic” with its
homage to a deity and claiming it for the Union cause. This poem was set to music which still
today sets a tone of honor and patriotism. The allegiance to a God who willingly “loosed the
fateful lightening his terrible swift sword”32 for the cause, signals forgiveness for the sin of
killing. Lines such as “As He died to make men holy, let us die to make men free,” added
religious righteousness to the mission.
32
Negri, Civil Poetry,1.
�15
Six hundred and twenty thousand died embroiled in the violence o f the Civil War, on
home soil.33 This number represents a huge percentage of the population. Drew Gilpin Faust
speaks to the transformation of the concept of death as a result of the magnitude of this loss. It
would be incomprehensible today to imagine a catastrophe that would result in such a
mortality rate. And yet from 1861-1865, it was tolerated, permitted and praised. The loss of so
many lives caused indescribable grief.
Poems about the experience of the individual soldier began appearing in the m iddle of
the war. These poems were written by average citizens and esteemed poets.34 Ethel Lynn
Beers wrote of “The Picket Guard” also entitled “All quiet along the Potomac” in 1861. The
tragedy of the loss of a father and husband on guard, not in a batt le, but while walking the
picket;
“All quiet along the Potomac,” they say,
“Except now and then a stray picket
Is shot as he walks his beat to and fro
‘T is nothing: a private or two, now and then,
Will not count in the news of the men,
Moaning out, all alone, the death rattle”
…………………………………………………………..
There’s only the sound of the lone sentry’s tread
As he tramps from the rock to the fountain,
And thinks of the two in the low trundle-bed
Far away in the cot on the mountain
His musket grows slack; his face, dark and grim,
Grows gentle with memories tender,
As he mutters a prayed for the children asleepFor their mother-may Heaven defend her!35
33
Faust, This Republic of Suffering, xi.
Library of Congress, “To Light us to Freedom and Glory Again,” The Role of Civil War Poetry, accessed June
12,2012, http://www.loc/rr/program/bib/lcpoetry/cwcv.html.
35
Negri, Civil Poetry, 34.
34
�16
Then he is shot, in a moment of quiet reflection. He is but one life, yet so vital to those he has
left at home. This poem alludes to the shifting value of a single human life. The number of
dead in the Civil War was massive; a single life risked becoming anonymous in such quantity.
Much of the poetry in the years of battle gave voice to the individual, their loss and its impact
on their survivors. Many poets paid respect to the soldier as a person, George Henry Boker, in
his “Dirge for a Soldier” a staunch Unionist, his poetry laments individual losses on both sides. 36
Mourning became an inevitable national past time. People took to their pens to
commemorate, reflect and heal. Poetry appears to have served as a catharsis for grief. This
private realm of sorrow was not given to publication but rather for personal consumption. If
taken out of context, much of this work may be considered melodramatic. Read with
knowledge of the circumstances, it is rich and moving. Mary Louise Kete writes of mourning in
the 19th century and its association with the development of sentimentality. She quotes
extensively from Harriet Gould’s Book, explaining that the poems in this book “trace the way
that hardscrabble farmers deployed poetry in an economy of sentimental artifacts through
which they were able to define and claim the center of cultural power as they defined and laid
claim to a revolutionary, new sense of self.”37 It was in this era that sentiment became part of
Americanism and the voluminous quantity of Civil War poetry validates Kete’s point. The
American expression of grief heretofore dismissed as “sentimental” and inconsequential
became what Kete states Emerson considered the urgent work of “reattaching even artificial
things and violation of nature, to nature” and thereby healing the “dislocation and
36
37
Ibid., 77.
Kete, Sentimental Collaborations, 3.
�17
detachment” of man from God.38 This connection between man and God, of which Kete writes,
is perhaps the major impetus of the civilian poet. The solace provided by poetry is akin to
prayer. Prayer for the religious is the conduit to God. The sentimental quality of the poetry
allows for highly personal prayer.
Before Lee’s surrender at Appomattox, Walt Whitman wrote of reconciliation, of grief
for the bilateral loss, and hope for a unified future. A study of Civil War Poetry would be remiss
if it did not recognize the literary contribution of this revered American poet. Randall Fuller
writes in his article “Daybreak Gray and Dim” of the arc of Walt Whitman’s poetry as the war
was waged. He wrote defining poetry during every chapter of the conflict. Fuller claims
Whitman writes with much celebration and eagerness for all to leave their lives and loved ones,
to sign on. It is not without anxiety that he became the music to which they marched. Within a
year of the firing on Fort Sumter, after the first battle of Bull Run, Whitman’s poetry takes a
distinctly different tone. Whitman referred to Bull Run as a “crucifixion” he will ”never
forget.”39 In “Beat! Beat! Drums!, Whitman tries to illustrate the chaos and social cost of war.
Make no parley-stop for no expostulation,
Mind not the timid-mind to the weeper or prayer,
Mind not the old man beseeching the young man,
Let not the child voice be heard, nor the mothers entreaties,
Make even the trestles to shake the dead why they lie awaiting the hearses,
So strong you thump O terrible drums-so loud you bugles blow.40
38
Ibid., 2.
39
Randall Fuller, "Daybreak Gray and Dim: How the Civil War Changed Wlt Whitman's Poety ," National
Endowment for the Humanities, accessed June 16, 2012, http://www.neh.gov.
40
Whitman, Civil War Poetry, 4.
�18
Whitman echoes the morale of the nation in this piece. As unbelievably awful as this
situation was, for everyone, they must carry on. This was no time to think too much, inner
voices were stilled, the noise of the cause propelled them.
Whitman’s brother, George was injured in the Battle of Fredericks burg, Walt left New
York to find and care for him. This journey led Whitman to a theatre of war he could never
have imagined. He sought work in an army hospital and traveled interviewing, observing and
recording as he went. His concern for the wounded and the dead knew no prejudice, and he
writes, in a number of his pieces, of his concern for the human toll. Fuller argues that this
changes the character of his poetry altogether, to one Whitman previously f elt was unworthy of
describing this epic war. Avoiding sentiment apparently became impossible once Whitman
bore personal witness to the mutilation and murder of thousands. Fuller writes that the poet
whose career began with heroic and noble descriptions of the human form, who had praised
”the body electric”, now turned his voice to describe and console those who suffered and died,
regardless of the color of their uniform. His sympathy for all involved is the seed for
reconciliation. In “A Sight in Camp in the Daybreak Gray and Dim” he describes finding dead
bodies covered on a battlefield:
Young man I think I know you-I think this face is the face of Christ himself,
Dead and divine and brother of all, and here again he lies.41
Whitman’s poetry takes a sentimental turn, which he had previously disdained. In doing
so, he reaches into the hearts of every man and makes a case for reconciliation.42
41
Randall Fuller, "Daybreak Gray and Dim: How the Civil War changed Walt Whitman's Poetry,” National
Endowment for the Humanities, Accessed June 16,2012, http://www.neh.gov.
42
Ibid.
�19
“The Blue and the Gray”, by Francis Miles Finch tells of a woman form Mississippi
decorating the graves of Union and Confederate soldiers.
Love and tears for the Blue
Tears and love for the gray.43
The poetry of reconciliation recognized that only by mourning and honoring the dead
collectively could the spirit of recovery develop.
As with almost all recoveries, this one was not
instantaneous. Poetry did not have the power to
assuage all wounds, yet its message was one of
mercy and forgiveness. The forcibly reunified
United States adopted the goal of
rapprochement, individually enacting this
Timothy O’Sullivan, “Dead Confederate soldier,”
Library of Congress.
concept was a harder road to hoe and some
poetry reflected that.
My knowledge of Civil War poetry is new, my reading of it just beginning and my
understanding of it evolving through study. The fact that the poetry was not only available to
large portions of the population, but also written by it, makes it singularly informative of the
Civil War period. Research has borne out that the concept of death in America, until this time,
had been remote and depersonalized. The Civil War delivered death to every doorstep. The
poetry generated not only provides a chronology of the events, it also articulates humanity in
43
Negri, Civil Poetry,78.
�20
all its agony. As mentioned in the preceding sections, poetry shifted focus as the harsh realit y
of war set in. Walt Whitman’s poetic arc deftly exemplifies this. The journey from enthusiasm
to despair took less than a year. Poetry written by soldiers begging for death to gain relief
opened a door on incomprehensible suffering. Work written retrospectively honors and
grieves. Continued study of the poetry perpetuates the legacy of this apocalyptic chapter in
American History.
Kate Putnam Osgood writes in her poem ”Driving Home the Cows”:
For news had come to the lonely farm
That three were lying where two had lain;
And the old man’s tremulous palsied arm
Could never lean on a son again.
……………………………………………………………..
The great tears sprang to their meeting eyes;
For the heart must speak when the lips are dumb;
And under the silent evening skies,
Together they followed the cattle home.44
Despite tremendous suffering and loss, life went on. Broken, bent and bereft, survivors
went home. Work and families were reconfigured and restored. Life in the United States went
on, the nation as a whole survived, as this poem illustrates.
44
Ibid., 116,
�
Dublin Core
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Vol. 39, num. 1, Clio - 2013
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“Sing Poet in Our Name”: The Arc of National Emotion Portrayed and Preserved in the Poetry of the Civil War
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Young, Elizabeth
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Western Connecticut State University. Department of History
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2013-05
Clio
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HIS 498, Spring 2019
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[Birch trees with blue butterflies]
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Krapowisc, Jake C.
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circa 1970
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5 x 10", watercolor on paper
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Forest scene with colorful accents. No frame.
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Watercolor painting -- United States
Art
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/CCC_Lantern_Slides/6898/ccc_298.jpg
bea4b213884b35ce11665b72f82b5dcb
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CCC Lantern Slides
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1934-1942
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3.125 x 4"
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ccc_298
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*blank*
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1933-1942
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Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)
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Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)
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Stafford Springs CCC Museum
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2 photographs of trees, ccc2009.0208
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/CCC_Lantern_Slides/6917/ccc_346.jpg
a9fff7ba7822270607efe8dd600bcb1a
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CCC Lantern Slides
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1934-1942
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ccc_346
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*untitled*
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1933-1942
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Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)
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Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)
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Stafford Springs CCC Museum
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*untitled*, ccc2008.0810
-
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Title
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
Date
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1943-1945
Text
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ms026_letters_pg_11
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=11">Letter 1, 1942-12-03, page 11</a>
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1942-12-03
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Warner, Truman
Subject
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Fort Devens, MA (lat:42.5354 lon:-71.6458)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
Text
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ms026_letters_pg_110
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=110">Letter 97, 1943-08-24, page 110</a>
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1943-08-24
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Fort Sam Houston, Texas (lat:29.4623 lon:-98.4294)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_113
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=113">Letter 100, 1943-10-10, page 113</a>
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1943-10-10
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Camp Cibolo, TX (lat:29.5692 lon:-98.2363)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_114
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=114">Letter 101, 1943-10-03, page 114</a>
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1943-10-03
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Camp Bullis, TX (lat:29.6942 lon:-98.5604)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_126
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=126">Letter 114, 1943-11-18, page 126</a>
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1943-11-18
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Tampa, FL (lat:28.0110 lon:-82.4442)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_13
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=13">Letter 4, 1942-12-07, page 13</a>
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1942-12-07
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Camp Gruber, OK (lat:35.6847 lon:-95.1678)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_132
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=132">Letter 120, 1943-12-03, page 132</a>
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1943-12-03
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Hampton Roads, Virginia (lat:37.0286 lon:-76.3701)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_140
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=140">Letter 121, North Africa, page</a>
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1943-12-08
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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North Africa (lat:27.7590 lon:-09.6240)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Dublin Core
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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1943-1945
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ms026_letters_pg_141
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<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=141">Letter 122, 1943-12-28, page 141</a>
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1943-12-28
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Warner, Truman
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World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
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Casablanca (lat:33.5856 lon:-07.5435)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
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Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
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Warner, Truman
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Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_146
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=146">Letter 128, 1943-12-31, page 146</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-12-31
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Atlas Mountains (lat:31.0770 lon:-07.8957)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_165
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=165">Letter 148, 1944-02-06, page 165</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-02-06
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Oran, Algiers (lat:35.6879 lon:-00.6417)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_168
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=168">Letter 151, 1944-02-18, page 168</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-02-18
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Tlemcen (lat:34.8897 lon:-01.3156)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_170
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=170">Letter 154, 1944-02-22, page 170</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-02-22
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Naples, Italy (lat:40.8566 lon:14.2359)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_190
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=190">Letter 177, 1944-04-01, page 190</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-04-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Cassimo, Italy (lat:41.4905 lon:13.8205)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_199
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=199">Letter 185, 1944-04-17, page 199</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-04-17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Santa Maria Infante. Italy (lat:41.2896 lon:13.7389)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_220
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=220">Letter 204, 1944-06-09, page 220</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-06-09
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Rome, Italy (lat:41.8927 lon:12.4887)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_220
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=220">Letter 204, 1944-06-09, page 220</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-06-09
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Rome, Italy (lat:41.8927 lon:12.4887)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_235
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=235">Letter 217, 1944-07-20, page 235</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-07-20
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Mussolini Monument at the Musslini Forum near Rome (lat:41.9311111111111 lon:12.4563888888888)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_260
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=260">Letter 243, 1944-08-06, page 260</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-08-06
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Volterra, Italy (lat:43.3997 lon:10.8608)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_264
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=264">Letter 246, 1944-09-10, page 264</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-09-10
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Florence, Italy (lat:43.7676 lon:11.2555)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_266
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=266">Letter 247, 1944-09-11, page 266</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-09-11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Siena, Italy (lat:43.3102 lon:11.3365)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_284
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=284">Letter 261, 1944-10-16, page 284</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-10-16
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Southern France, near Oran (lat:47.6189 lon:0.3682)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_294
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=294">Letter 269, 1944-11-07, page 294</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1944-11-07
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Marseilles, France (lat:47.0683 lon:3.0125)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_333
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=333">Letter 316, 1945-02-11, page 333</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-02-11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Cannes, France (lat:43.5497 lon:7.0161)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_335
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=335">Letter 318, 1945-02-16, page 335</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-02-16
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Marseilles, France (lat:47.0683 lon:3.0125)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_337
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=337">Letter 321, 1945-02-22, page 337</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-02-22
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Avignon, France (lat:43.9461 lon:4.8065)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_346
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=346">Letter 331, 1945-03-16, page 346</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-03-16
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Grenoble, France (lat:45.1871 lon:5.7368)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_362
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=362">Letter 348, 1945-04-22, page 362</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-04-22
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Northern portion of Route des Alpes, Switzerland (lat:46.80612 lon:7.16165)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_371
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=371">Letter 358, 1945-05-11, page 371</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-05-11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Lake Annecy, France (lat:45.8994 lon:6.1323)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_380
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=380">Letter 368, 1945-06-03, page 380</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-03
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Sightseeing in the Alps (lat:45.9669 lon:5.5474)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_383
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=383">Letter 370, 1945-06-10, page 383</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-10
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Perouges, France (lat:45.9023 lon:5.1777)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_384
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=384">Letter 371, 1945-06-15, page 384</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-15
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Paris, France (lat:48.8604 lon:2.3483)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_385
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=385">Letter 372, 1945-06-21, page 385</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-06-21
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Lyon, France (lat:45.7573 lon:4.8381)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_389
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=389">Letter 375, 1945-07-02, page 389</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-07-02
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Chamonix, France (lat:45.9215 lon:6.8761)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_392
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=392">Letter 376, 1945-07-04, page 392</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-07-04
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Lyon, France (lat:45.7572 lon:4.8381)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_412
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=412">Letter 395, 1945-09-06, page 412</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-09-06
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Marseille, France (lat:43.2907 lon:5.3716)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_423
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=423">Letter 404, 1945-10-05 (from Walter Rose), page 423</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-10-05
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Lourdes, France (lat:43.0951 lon:-0.0479)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_424
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=424">Letter 406, 1945-10-11, page 424</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-10-11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Calas, France (lat:43.4601 lon:5.3536)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_437
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=437">Letter 416, 1945-11-15, page 437</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1945-11-15
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Glion, Switzerland (lat:46.4335 lon:6.9267)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_47
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=47">Letter 30, 1942?, page 47</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1942-01-01
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Danbury, CT (lat:41.3948 lon:-73.4539)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_84
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=84">Letter 65, 1943-06-15, page 84</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-06-15
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Marshall, TX (lat:32.5472 lon:-94.3676)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_86
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=86">Letter 67, 1943-06-17, page 86</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-06-17
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Camp Gruber, OK (lat:35.6847 lon:-95.1678)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_90
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=90">Letter 72, 1943-06-30, page 90</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-06-30
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Camp Polk, LA (lat:31.6931 lon:-92.1315)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_95
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=95">Letter 77, 1943-07-11, page 95</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-07-11
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Natchitoches, LA (lat:31.7564 lon:-93.0837)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Truman Warner, World War II Correspondence
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-1945
Text
A resource consisting primarily of words for reading. Examples include books, letters, dissertations, poems, newspapers, articles, archives of mailing lists. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre Text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
ms026_letters_pg_99
Title
A name given to the resource
<a href="http://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Truman_A._Warner_Papers_MS026/6011/MS026_35.pdf#page=99">Letter 81, 1943-07-26, page 99</a>
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1943-07-26
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Warner, Truman
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1939-1945 -- Personal Narratives
Spatial Coverage
Spatial characteristics of the resource.
Kisatchie National Forest, LA (lat:31.0148 lon:-93.0981)
Truman Warner
Warner Letters
World War II
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/2237/105Main_002.jpg
d4a1c44b9d86024280e453c9e211a264
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
105 Main
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/90/15thAmendment.jpg
fb7bdcac198c358f5b46431e55a8df98
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Paper
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
15th Amendment
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
United States Congress
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1868-12-07
Description
An account of the resource
Link to digital object
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Article 15 grants "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude."
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
National Archives, http://www.archives.gov/global-pages/larger-image.html?i=/historical-docs/doc-content/images/15th-amend-voting-rights-l.jpg&c=/historical-docs/doc-content/images/15th-amend-voting-rights.caption.html
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
NARA, National Archives and Records Administration
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/119/1920_results.pdf
da34011c6c9fb8f15826d758f8814349
PDF Text
Text
REPUBLICAN
Harding
Lake
Brandegee
Merritt
Bailey
Andrews
Fillow
OFFICE
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
U.S. 4th Dist.
CT Senate -24th
CT Assembly
CT Assembly
Danbury
4,769
4,768
4,627
4,756
4,782
4,775
4,767
60.88%
60.84%
59.16%
60.87%
62.74%
62.47%
62.67%
Fairfield
County
55,251
55,625
51,493
54,715
7,227
66.48%
66.80%
62.00%
66.29%
65.53%
CT
229,238
230,792
216,792
62.72%
63.04%
59.36%
U.S
16,144,093
60.32%
U.S
9,139,661
34.15%
U.S
913,693
3.41%
DEMOCRATIC
Cox
Tyler
Lonergan
Platt
Taylor
Durgy
McDermott
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
U.S. 4th Dist.
CT Senate -24th
CT Assembly
CT Assembly
Danbury
2,842
2,842
2,969
2,850
2,840
2,869
2,839
36.28%
36.26%
37.96%
36.48%
37.26%
37.53%
37.33%
Fairfield
County
24,761
24,614
28,146
25,087
7,227
29.79%
29.56%
33.89%
30.39%
34.46%
CT
120,721
119,912
131,824
33.03%
32.75%
36.10%
SOCIALIST
Debs
Peach
Plunket
McLeavy
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
U.S. 4th Dist.
Danbury
126
127
126
129
1.61%
1.62%
1.61%
1.65%
Fairfield
County
2,115
2,061
2,112
2,224
2.54%
2.47%
2.54%
2.69%
CT
10,350
10,154
10,118
2.83%
2.77%
2.77%
�PROHIBITION
Watkins
Tyler
Hohenthal
Danbury
66
0.84%
68
0.87%
68
0.87%
Fairfield
County
281
0.34%
294
0.35%
574
0.69%
CT
1,771
1,817
2,892
0.48%
0.50%
0.79%
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
Danbury
15
0.19%
15
0.19%
15
0.19%
Fairfield
County
283
0.34%
281
0.34%
277
0.34%
CT
1,491
1,517
1,486
0.41%
0.41%
0.41%
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
U.S. 4th Dist.
Danbury
16
17
16
13
Fairfield
County
422
400
455
445
President
Governor
U.S. Senate
U.S
188,787
0.71%
U.S
31,084
0.12%
U.S
265,398
0.99%
SOCIAL LABOR
Cox
Pryor
Backofen
FARMER LABOR
Christiansen
Krone
Bennett
Lavit
0.20%
0.22%
0.20%
0.17%
0.51%
0.48%
0.55%
0.54%
CT
1,947
1,896
2,076
0.53%
0.52%
0.57%
�
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1920 Election Results
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920-11-02
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
1920 election results from Danbury, Fairfield County, Connecticut and the U.S., by political party indicating Presidential, Connecticut Senatorial, Connecticut 4th district, Gubernatorial, Connecticut State Senate from the 24th district and State Assembly from Danbury.
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/120/Save_Your_Ballot_-_Republican.pdf
e32ab446d0ab58416251947e76b8144d
PDF Text
Text
�
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Newspaper
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
1920 Republican Advertisment. Save your Ballot - Vote Straight Republican
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Danbury Evening News
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1920-11-02
Description
An account of the resource
Newspaper Advertisment
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
1920 Republican newspaper advertisement indicating a Democratic attempt to trick voters to incorrectly mark Republican ballots. Advertisement encourages a straight Republican ticket vote.
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/79/1922_danburyMap_w_wards.jpg
259fa420fc9938eff0af78d4e941ed63
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/79/1922_danburyMap_w_wards_cu.jpg
b3edf6e63661c1b2409b8ade38f421e2
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Original Format
The type of object, such as painting, sculpture, paper, photo, and additional data
Map
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1922 Map of Danbury
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
The Price and Lee Co.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1922
Description
An account of the resource
30" x 42"
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Map showing the City and Town of Danbury CT
Source
A related resource from which the described resource is derived
Truman Warner Papers, MS 026
Danbury (Conn.)
Election 1920
his 298
Map
Polling
Voting Districts
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2592/RGPhoto6.png
76376f4a705e0a6da5b7b8dc7c67d54b
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
1973 AFT Demonstration
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E., 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A group of people are sitting outside of White Hall as they are working on signs to prepare to protest against the budget issues.
Subject
The topic of the resource
American Federation of Teachers
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2590/RGPhoto4.png
d80b1c8b14df54564491d6f3872404c1
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1973 AFT Demostration
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E. 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This is another photograph of people protesting the state budget cuts that happened in 1973, as well as demanding to restore impounded college funds.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Western Connecticut State University--American Feeration of Teachers
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2589/RGPhoto3.png
f03dd6c956721823b4c941f92ca51857
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
1973 AFT Demostration
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E. 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This is a photograph of people protesting the state budget cuts that happened in 1973, and the American Federation of Teachers protest on campus to show their disgust at the government.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Western Connecticut State University--American Federation of Teachers
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2591/RGPhoto5.png
a7c15a63ddf56014d960acb366d2de8c
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
1973 Protest Picture
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E. 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
A Western Connecticut State University student has a signed attached to his packback showing his frustration with the rise in tuition prices.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Western Connecticut State University--Tuition
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2587/RGPhoto1.png
5e366235156f65bcbb688d95916d3a9a
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
1973 Slave Trade Picture
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E. 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This is a photograph of the actual "slave trade," fundraiser that was happening on campus.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Western Connecticut State University--Demonstration
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/HIS_498_Spring_2019/2588/RGPhoto2.png
e27f9c8ddfd27f6b10c03ea9033c8e25
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
HIS 498, Spring 2019
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples include paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type Text to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
1973 Slave Trade Picture
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Dyer, James E. 1946-2011
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1973
Description
An account of the resource
photograph, 4x6.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
This is another photograph of the actual "slave trade," fundraiser that was happening on campus.
Subject
The topic of the resource
Western Connecticut State University--Demonstration
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._01_num._2_Clio_-_1974/27/1.pdf
ea650890e01d77f68039ee6b7ea41221
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Title
A name given to the resource
Cover
PDF Text
Text
��
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._01_num._2_Clio_-_1974/27/2.pdf
7147e5ac49955bf9db405d93397f5467
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
THOUGHTS ON JFK TEN YEARS AFTER DALLAS - BOOK AWARD RECIPIENT
Description
An account of the resource
The Presidency of John Kennedy is no more than a dream to me. Most of what I remember about him is very blurred and probably comes from books and old magazines which I read in great volume after he died. I was unaware of him during his administration, although after the killing in Dallas, I tried hard to remember what the Kennedy years were like and came up with a few scattered memories: our second grade class voting for him in our own 'raise your hand' election, the TV news conference where he smiled a great deal.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Roth, Alison C.
Format
The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource
8pgs
PDF Text
Text
-2
THOUGHTS ON J FK TEN YEARS AFTER DALLAS
****
BOOK AWARD RECIPIENT
****
ALISON C. ROTH
T he P residency o f J ohn K ennedy i s n o m ore thCl.n
1:1
dreElm t o me.
M ost o f wh:?t I r emember : ?bout h im i s v ery b lurred EI.nd p rob:?bly
c omes f rom b ooks EI.nd o ld m flgE'zines w hich I reEl.d i n greEl.t v olume
E '.fter h e d ied.
I WPS unpWE're o f h im d uring h is El.dministrE'.tion,
: ?l t hough 8.fter t he k illing i n D fl.llp.s I t ried h flrd t o r emember whF.'.t
t he K ennedy y efl.rs w ere l ike f lnd cp·me u p w ith
f ew s Cflttered
fI
m emories: o ur s econd g rE'de c lfl.ss v oting f or h im i n o ur own " redseyour-hE'nd" e lection, E' TV n ews c onference w here h e s miled
fI.
g ref't
d efl.l, fl. n ewspE'per p icture o f h im k neeling E'-t t he g r[lve o f h is deE'd
SOlJ-'.
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L ike m ost p eople I
cp.n r emember v ery w ell t he e v€'nts thE'.t t ook plfl.cE:' t hfl.t d ['y.
I Wfl.S
i n f ifth grfl.d.e p.nd o ur clF.' s s WEl .S i n t he m iddle o f s ome p .ri t hmetic
p roblems, f rpctions, I t hink.
I h flted t hem p flssionptcly, s o, w hen
M r. C phill, o ne o f t he e ighth g rp.de t efl.chers p t o ur s chool w plked
i nto t he r oom w ithout k nocking, I WP.S g lpd F.'nd wF.'Itched h im w hisper
s omething t o o ur t e[lcher.
S he s pid, " Oh, n o,'; o ut l oud f ind t he
c lpss l ooked u p [ It h er e xpectfl.ntly.
C phill w ent o ut.
bF.'l.ck t o w ork.
S he s hook h er h efld f ind M r.
We p sked h er t o t ell u s, b ut s he t old u s t o g o
M r. C flhill r eturned fl. m inute l fl.tf'r [I.nd c onfirmed
w hflt h e t old h er b efore fI.nd s he
[l.t w hich h e f lnswe r ed,
\I
"g~in
p rotested w ith fI·n " oh, n o,"
o h, y e s , l ook o ut t he w indow."
n epr t he w indow; we l ooked o ut fl.nd S[lW n othing.
O ur r ow W[1.S
Th€'n o ne o f t he
b oys SP i d, " They're t f'king d own t he f lE'.g," [ lnd o ur t e[l.che r b urElt
i nto t efl.rs.
P resident K ennedy w ps s hot find defl.d i n T exps.
�-3
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El~ sked
u s t o sfl.y
p rflyer.
p.
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o ut i n
8.
dE'l,ze.
M ost o f t he teE'l,chers we pEl.ssed w ere c rying, o ur
p rincipEl,l hEl.d r ed e yes E'I,nd o ther k ids w ere c rying t oo.
We k new we
s hould f eel s ome s hock, b ut we s tE'l.rted t o WE'l,lk home w ithout m uch
f eeling,
~s
e~ch
we q uietly t old
r ooms l eerned o f t he n ews.
o ther h ow o ur r espective home
A n eighbor p icked u s u p E'I,nd. b etween
h~d
s obs i n h er k leenex i nformed u s thE'lt V ice-J'r'esident J ohnson
b een s hot t oo.
S he l et u s o ff d own t he
ro~d
u p, we m et s ome k ids who t old u s t hpt J ohnson
L~ter
~, nd
d ecided I h f'lted b oth J ohnson
~. live,
pl~. ce
th~. t
o f c ourse, we d iscovered
( lnd
to
Tex~ , s bec~use
h~ve
he
W~lking
f rom o ur h ouse.
h~.d h~,d ~
he~rt ~tt~. ck
b oth s tories w ere u ntrue.
I
Tex(l,s: J ohnson j ust f or b eing
c~ , me
f rom t here.
~wful
I t m ust b e (l,n
p eople l iving t here who w ould s hoot P resident K ennedy.
A fter t he
[lss(lssin~ , tion,
I
beg~ , n
t o b uy
~,ll
k inds o f
m['.g~.zines,
b ooks, p ictures ['.nd e ven b ubble gum c['.rds w hich t old t he s tory o f
P resident K ennedy's l ife, h is f [',mily, h is w ['r f .'dventures, h is s ense
o f h umor.
I
w~s
mefl.~ure
I b eg['n t o
b orn t en
ye~ . rs
e verything b y t he
b efore 1 963, my b rother t wo
f'ssf'ssin~tion
ye~rs
He w ould n ever k now f' P resident K ennedy ~s I
b eg['n
h~. d.
~, nd
He w ould n ever k now f'. t ime o f s ecuri t y
p e[',ce [ 's I
l ive.
h ['d, f ind I
m~rveled (l~ t
(l.fter i ts
b elieve I
c onfidence f.',nd
how h e w ould e ven b e f lble t o
I t w os i mpossi.b le: t he w orld w[',sn't r ight [ lnd w ouldn't bE:'
u ntil P resident K ennedy Wf.'S
L ooking
b~ck
b~ck.
now f rom t he
v ~ nL8ee
h istorif'ns h (lv C' b egun t o d iscuss J FK f.'S
r isk
~o
y ef:'r:
nucle~r w~r
w ith Russi£l"
o pponent t o K rushchev.
t oo
e~ger
p oint o f t he s eventies,
~
c old w flrrior w illing t o
t o p rove h imself
~,
t ough
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o f P igs f.' ,nd f or e mbroiling t he U nited S tf'·tes i n V ietnf',m. H is
�-4
In~.ugurEtl
w orld.
A ddress h elped f orm A mericl? ' s imEl.ge I?S p olicema.n o f t he
Some sl?y h is t erm WEl.S t oo s hort t o d o m uch, b ut thEl.t whl?t
h e d id d o w!?s n ot g ood.
T he c riticism m ight b e j ustified.
b e o bjective: t he w hole
ide~
I t i s d ifficult f or me t o
o f K ennedy, t he €'I?-rly s ixties
~ . nd
h is
E l.dministrl?tion i s g n e motion-pl?cked t opic t hl?t e vokes t houghts o f
i del?lism i n p o I i t ics, thE' g ood ma·n c!?n d o f or h is f ellow
~.
P e8.ce C orps, h umor, v i t El.li t y, v igor,
m~ . n,
t he
n ew s tl?rt, y outh. S epl?rgting
K ennedy t he ml?n f rom K ennedy t he o ffice h older, t he m !?rtyr f rom
t he p olicy
m~.ker,
t he h ero f rom t he
~ . dministr!?tor
i s d ifficult b e-
C8.use o f t he i llusions, t he , myth, t he l egend t h8t s urrounds t he
reEl.li t y.
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spE'.nned t he f iftie 's, s eemingly
fl.
lE'.x, e ven d ull,
in~ . ctive
t ime
c her8cterized b y E'. g ood n 8tured g rin E'.nd e. g olf bE'.g. L yndon J ohnson,
~
m~n
b ig
w ith g ood i ntentions, e lected b y o ne o f t he
gre~test
IE'.ndslides i n h istory, f ound h is W8r p olicy o pposed f irst b y t he
y outh i n A meric:E', 8 nd l E'.ter t he g reE'ter p opulE'.ce, E'.nd v :oluntE'rily
Ie ft
0
f fice [l.fter o ne t erm.
i n 1 972,
Rich~rd
A nother g reE'.t w inner b y E'. w ide m[l.rgin
N ixon b ecp.me t he g reE't d ea.eiver, w ith n o e pp8rent
g ood i ntentions f or e.nyone b ut h imself, 8 nd h e t oo hEls m et h is
WE'.terloo.
A g8.inst t hese m en, J ohn K ennedy h 8d E'. s tyle, g rece, v itE'lity:
~
g olden b oy w ith p erson8.1i t y w hich ce.me 8.crasS o n t he t elevision
s et.
He s eemed t o s t[1.nd o ut e.s E'. n ew k ind o f p o I i t iciE'.n--no
w heeler-defl.ler h e, w ith c igE'r c lenched b etween t eeth, mE-king deE-.ls
i n e· s moke-filled b [lckroom f or v otes.
K ennedy gE've t he i llusion
o f b eing 8 bove d irty p olitics, 8.nd t hrough t elevision, e .ppeeled
�-5
t o whE'.t mr-.ny p eople wE'.nted t o s ee, heE'.r ['.nd b elieve ['.bout p olitics,
p oli t iciE'.n s E'.nd t he A meric['n WE'.y o f l ife.
When I t hink o f K ennedy n ow, I t hink o f h is d rive f or e xcellence, h is i defl.s o f ['.mbi t ion El.nd c ompetition, h is s triving t o b e
t he b est.
N ot j ust f or h im p ersonEl.lly, b ut f or h is s tElff, y oung,
v igorous men l ike h im, 8.nd f or t he nE'.tion E'·S E'. who I e.
K ennedy
r 8.ised h ope thEl.t Americ[l. c ould b e 8. g ifl.nt E'.mong nE'.tions, s trong
E' .nd b enevolent, f irm E' .nd j ust, s upportive t o h er f riends.
K ennedy
m['.de u s b elieve thE'.t p olitics c ould b e i deE'.listicE'.lly m oti v['.ted,
E'nd thEl.t t he U . SO WEI·S t he g reEl.te s t nE'.tion
0
f t he w orld.
We b e-
lieved h im b eC8.use we w8.nted t o b eliev€' h im, E".nd i n d oing s o, o verextended o ur reE'.ch i n f oreign EI.ffE'.irs, l e['.ding t o E'. b ig s hock E'.nd
d isillusionment w hen we f E'iled i n V ietn8m.
B y g iving u s i llusions,
o llowing u s t o h ope, f illing u s w ith im8.ges o f t hings t hf'.t w ere
n ot buii- could b e, K ennedy I e f t u s
f.'
l eg8.cy o f d espf'.ir, f utility
[ lnd d isillusionment.
H e, t he imfl.ge o f s uper-IeE'.der WE'·S d estroyed [l.nd t he imE'.gG' o f
s uper-AmericE'. h e h elped t o c reElte WE'·S d estroyed t oo.
N ot e X8.ctly
b y t he m en who f ollowed h im, b ut b y t he m en who f ollowed h is p olicies, who E 'dvocfl-ted whfl.t h e s eemed t o E'.dvocE'-te.
I f h e h E'dn't
d ied, w ould we b e E'S c onfused fl-nd m isdirected flS we E 're n ow? P erheps h e w ould hfl.ve p ulled b E'ck i n Vie-tnD.m i nstefld o f g etting m ired
t here E'.s J ohnson d id.
P erho-ps we m isinterpreted h is i deE'.ls f ind
p olicies:. t hings n eedn't hE've g one s o bE'.dly.
K ennedy t o s ucceed i n K ennedy i nspired d reE'.ms.
r ecord s eems t o p oint t he o ther W8.y.
M8ybe i t t ook
8
P robE'bly n ot, t he
O ne o f t he t rE'.gedies o f t he
K ennedy k illing i s t h['.t we w ill n ev(,'r k now.
�-6
" SINCE KENNEDY: HOPES AND FEARS"
****
DR. HERBERT JANICK
I n D ecember 1 969,
journ~,list
R ich8,rd R overe, b old e nough t o
v enture i nto t he r ecent P 8.st, fl, t hicket a voided b y
l ooked b ack a t t he e xpiring d ecade.
g rim p eriod o f
imperi~ , listic
g reed,
h idden p oor f'.nd f\ ,lienated y outh.
histori~ , ns,
He p ictured t he 1 960's ~s ~
r~, cism,
v iolence, v ulgBL'i t y,
T he c ontempt f or t he democr[1,tic
p rocess s hown b y f l,ll s egments o f S OCiety i n t he p reV\d.ous t en y eflrs
c onvinced R overe " thfl.t we mfl.y n ever E '.chieve t he c iivili ty:r [1,nd t he
s tE'.bili t y th[1·t mfl.kes
f.1.
S OCiety t olerE'.ble."
T he t itle o f h is New
Y ork T imes M~gflzine 8 .rticle ( D ecember 1 4, 1 969 ·), " This S lum o f
fl. DeCfl.de" c ontr['.sts s hflrply w ith t he h opefulness t h['t u nderlfl'Yi
J 'ohn F . K ennedy's i nfl.ugurfl.l chfl.l1enge " fl,sk n ot whfl,t y our c ountry; '
c[',n do f or y ou; [',sk whE't y ou C8.n do f or y our c ountrY7."
W hile
r eE'lists m ight t emper b oth t he p essimism off R overe 8,nd t he im8,ge
b uilding o f K ennedy, f ew w ill d isE'.gree th[1.t thE' o ptimism o:ff. 1 96Q.
hE'.d s oured l ong b efore 1 973.
AlmericE'. v s f fl.ll f rom grE'.ce m ust b e plE'.ced E'.gF.'.insii t he b r'.ckdrop
o f t he b rief K ennedy p rresidency.
T he hr'.rd s ide o f h is o ne t hous[l.nd
d 8.ys i n o ffice, m eE'sured i n l egislr'.tion [I.n d t rN'.tie s , wC'.s m[1.rked
b y c ontinuity w ith t he E isenhower PEl.st.
A c onfirmed c old w [lrrior,
K ennedy j olted r ecklessly f rom t he BE'Y o f P igs,
throug~
t he B erlin
c risis, i nto e scfl,lE'.tion i n VietnEt.m, [l.nd f in[l.lly t o t he b rink o f
n ucler'r w r'r o ver t he R ussifl.n m issiles i n Cubfl..
O nly i n h is lE',st
y epr d id K ennedy p dopt r'. p olicy o f r estrfl.int w ith t he o pening o f
t he h ot l ine w ith M oscow [ lnd t he s igning o f t he n ucle[',r t est b[',n
t ree.ty.
A t home h is t r[1.ck r ecord
W[1.S
e qufl,lly drE',b.
Wnry o f t he
c lout o f S outhern D emocrfl.ts h e d id n ot c hElmpion N egro r ights" u ntil
�-7
f orced t o. b y e vents.
When h e 8 .cited h e d id s o d ec.isively b y o rder-
ing t roops t o 8.ssist J 8mes Me r i.dith . b ecome 8. s tUdent. 8.t t he tfn:d:.v:ersi tY1 o f Miississippi, 8 nd, 8. f ew m onths 1 8.ter i n MElY 1 963, t o c ontrol t he p oli.ce' i n B irmingh8m, .A:18.bEl.m8..
U htil K ennedy r eluctEl.ntly
8.cc.epterd t he n e e d f or 8. t e.x r eduction t o s timula.te e. f a.l t ering
e conomw i n 1 962, N:ew F ront':Uer e conomii.cs WEIS a omforte.blYi o;!i'thodox.
: Bet t o j udge t he K ennedy p residency l in s tric ·t ly que.ntli.tEl.i1iv.e
t erms i s i n8dequ8.te.
I t i s e lso n eceSS8.ry t o r ecognize t he m ys-
ttque s urrounding t he H Frv8.rd 8 ristocr8.t.
H endsome, s ophistica.ted,
z estful, K ennedy e xuded c onfidence t hF1t A mericfl WEtS fI.ble t o c ontrol
i ts d estiny.
T he i inheri t or o f. fl. I i b erel t rpdi t ion w i t h r oots d eep.
i n New Defl.l s oil, h e b rought i nto g overnment i ntellectuE".ls who
s hnred h is b elief thE".t rE".tionfl·l t hought, s cientific m ethod, t echnology, e ducption, p nd e conomic g rowth c ould E"meliorE".te s oci['.l i lls.
T he Pe('.cE' C orps, f eder£1.1 s upport f or t he £1.rts, d efi('.nce O f R oger
B lough o f U nited StE".tes S teel w ere m ore i mportfl.nt E"S s piri tU£1.l
b ['.rometers t hfln C'.S p rC'cticE".l £1.ccomplishments.
K ennedy t he sy;mbo)l
W8.S l Rrger t h8n K ennedy t he f 8 .ct.
M 8.rtyrdom 8 dded
€'
p otent d imension t o t he K ennedy i m8.ge, e.nd
g ave L yndon J ohnson, 8.n 8 .ccomplished l egis18.tive t 8.ctiica.n, t he
o pportlmi t y t o w eld s ubste.nce t o s logEl.ns.
B etween 1 963 EI.nd 1 965
mEl.jor 18-ws w ere p8.ssed :i:n t he a rea.s o f c ivil r ights, e ducEl.tion,
h e8.1th, £1.nd u rbpn p roblems.
A S outhern P resident g uided t he f irst
C ivil R ights A ct i n 8 1most 1 00 y ep.rs t hrough C ongress.
P resident d eclflred w flr o n p overty i n o i t y g hettos.
A r urel
MedioE".re, e x-
tending h eE"lth cfl.re t o t he E".ged, w es en£1.cted o ver t he o bjection o f
t he A mericpn M edicpl A ssociption p nd o ther v ested i nterests.
J ob
C orps, V ISTA, M odel C ities b eopme h E'.llmerks o f t he G re['.t S ociet;w.
I n f oreign nffE".irs LBJ m oved j ust E'S d eftly.
A rmed w ith p c grte
�-8
b lenche f rom C ongress i n t he G ulf o f T onkin R esolution J ohnson
h unted v ictory i n V ietnp.m b y o rdering t he b ombing o f t he N orth i n
F ebrut3.ry 1 965,
~.nd,
s ix m onths l El.ter, s ending A mericFn g round
t roops i nto c ombFt.
B y 1 967 t he I i b erpl c onsensus b egEm t o come 8 pl?rt, t he v ictim
o f o ne g 18.ring f pilure F nd s ome l imited s uccesses.
T he T et o ffen-
si v e i n J 8.nup.ry 1 968 p roved t o ml?ny t hl?t thE' U nited S tl?tes c ould
n ot w in i n V ietn8.m.
~.nd
D emocr8tic S enp.tors l ike M cCe.rthy, F ulbright,
M cGovern d emended 8. r E'l?pprl?isFl o f o ur A sie.n p olicy. I ntellE'c-
tupls l ike
Willi~.m Slo~.ne
C offin p resided o ver d r!?ft c 8.rd b urning
c~ . mpuses.
c eremonies o n c ollege
T he
m~. ssive
stimul~.tE'd
t he GreEl.t S ociety h eightened El.WEl·reness El.nd
o f m inority g roups.
s ociE'l l egislE'.tion o f
e xpectEl.tions
I n t he l E'.tter h E'.lf o f t he decE'.de s ummer r iots
i n m E'jor c ities, El.nd t he g rowing
~.ppeE' , l
Bl~ck
of
P ower s pokesmen:
t estified t o t he c ontinuing gE'.p b etween t he i de[t.l o f e quE',li t;w El.nd
t he r eEl.li t y o f s econd
cl~,ss
b orrowed t he r hetoric E'.nd
p ress demEl.nds f or
gr0~.ter
c itizenship.
t~ctics
C ul t urEl.l · m inori t ies
o f t he c ivil r ights m ovement t o
shEl,ring o f p owen.
c h8.11enged t rndi t ionE'.l s ex r oles.
L i b ernted women:.
S tudents f or El. D emocrEJ.tic
S ociety ( SDS) r iled c f.'mpuses f rom B erkeley t o M orningside H ei'g hts ..
F rEl.gment[l.tion o f s ociety i nto h ostile u nits' ref.1.ched pf.1nic p roportions i n t he s ummer o f 1 968.
T he m urder o f M El.rtin L uther Ki!Tlg i n,
A pril f ind R obert K ennedy i n J une, f ollowed b y w hr.t C onnecticut
S en[ltor A be R i b icoff t ermed t he " Gestnpo t [lctics" o f t he C hia. r·,go'
p olice El.t t he D emocr[l.tic NQ.tion[l.l C onvention w hich s ent s hivers
u p t he n 8.tion!:1.1 s pine.
S t€'[t.dily t he n etion[t.l mood s hifted.
cl~1.sS
by
A b elE\guered m iddle
r e'sentful o f p ushy m inorities, b urdened b y t [l.xes,
"E\ltern~.tiveil
~,ppEl . lled
l ife s tyles w hich i ncorporl'ted d rugs, r ock, El.nd
�-9
s€'xUE'.l p ermissi v ene s s, l~ f ih€' d bl".ck.
R ichfl.rd N ixon (I.nd G eorge
WE'.llE'.ce, E'ppel:'.ling t o t his f e(l.r, w ere rewfl.rded l"·t t he p olls i n
1 968.
N ixon i n t he Whi t o H ouse s et o ut t o r eE'.ssert o ld-ffl.shioned
vE'.lues.
T he S upreme C ourt WE'.S shE'.ped i n fl· m ore c onservE'.tivE' imE'.ge.
BIE".ck P E".nthers w ere b rought t o t rifl.l w hile O hio NE".tionfl.l GUfl.rdsmen
w ere n ot.
pE.'d['l.led.
As pE'.rt o f A S outhern s trEl.tegy c ivil r ights w ere s oftT he Wfl·r o n p overty WE".S t ermin(l.ted, E".nd WE'.S r eplE".ced b y
wh[1.t GE1ry W ills c nlled fl. ;'wE'r o n t he OEO, b using, E'.nd w elfE1re."
Wi t hdr!:l.wl:l.l f rom V ietn!:lm I:l.nd d etente w ith C hina w ere !:I.rr!:l.nged w i t hout
~dmitting
defe~t
or
~
ch~nge
i n p olicy.
T he n otion t hE't h istory r epeEl.ts i tself i s a. populEl.r o ne.
E conomists hl:\ve l ong !:I.rgued o ver t he 2 0 ye!:l.r b oom-bust c ycle.
A rthur S chlesinger S r., t hirty ye!:l.rs EI.go, w rote th!:l.t A mericEln
h istory r olternEl.ted b &tween l iberE'.l E'.nd c onservro.tive erE1.S.
Ln
E1.
r ecent b ook o n t he P residency h is s on, A rthur S chlesinger J r., r emprked thE1.t c orruption r eturned t o A mericro.n g overnment e very 5 0
YE'E1·rs.
T his b rief glE1.nce ro.t whE1.t h flppened t o t he U nited StE1.tes
s ince K ennedy s uggests t he p ossibility o f l "nother c yclicE'.l pro.ttern,
t his t ime
E1 .
p sycho I gicE' l one.
COUld i t b e t hflt t he nfl t ionfl.l t emper
E'l t ernfltes b etween c onfidence E'nd E1.pprehension?
c yc I e d oe s hf!.ve
E'
I f t he h ope-feE'.r
b f!.sis i n f nc t , o ther i ntriguing qUE" s tions o ccur.
WhE1t fl.re t he d urE'tions o f t he s wings?
d own? i n t he t rough? o r o n t he wcW u p?
W here 8 .re we now?
g oing
�
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._01_num._2_Clio_-_1974/27/3.pdf
9e118b517f51e6ca3d5243a42224e693
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JOHN F. KENNEDY--10 YEARS LATER: A PERSONAL EVALUATION
Description
An account of the resource
A fourteen-year old high school freshman hardly expects to have anything unusual or disruptive occur at an ultra-conservative school such as Port1and Sr. High School in Portland, Connecticut. Each day is similar to every other day; the only thing worth noting Monday through FridflY during the school year is the 2:30 dismissal bell. But this student would have thankfully welcomed that Sameness, even dullness, had she known ahead of time what November 22 held in store. Sitting in in art cless, struggling with a project that showed zero ability, I had no idea that the industrial arts c1ass next door had just finished repaliring a dusty old radio. And I had less of an idea that the first words the boys and their teacher would hear would be the jumbled, frantic words of a newsman saying something about the President being shot.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
OSTERGREN, LORRAINE N.
PDF Text
Text
- 10
JOHN F . KENNEDY--10 YEARS LATER:
A PERSONAL EVALUATION
****
LORRAINE N. OSTERGREN
A f ourteen-yeflr o ld h igh s chool f reshmE"n h 8.rdly e xpects t o
h 8ve E 1nything unuSUE".l o r d isruptive o ccur E"t E1n u l t rfl.-conserv8.tive
s chool s uch
~S
E e.ch dEW i s
simil~. r
P ort18nd S r. H igh S chool i n
t o e very o ther
d~ . y;
Mond~y
t hrough F ridflY d uring t he s chool
b ell.
B ut t his s tUdent w ould
h~.ve
Portl~nd,
C onnecticut.
t he o nly t hing w orth n oting
ye~r
th~nkfully
i s t he 2 :30
w elcomed
dismiss~l
th~ . t
SEl·me-
ness, e ven d ullness, he.d s he k nown e.heEl.d o f t ime whe.t N ovember 2 2
h eld i n s tore.
S itting i n 8.n El.rt c less, s truggling w ith 8. p roject
t he.t s howed z ero 8.bili t y, I h8.d n o i de8 t h8.t t he i ndustriE".l E" .rts
c 18.ss n ext d oor h8.d j ust f inished r epfliring 8· d usty o ld r 8.dio. And
I h 8 .d l ess o f 8·n ideE" thE"t t he f irst w ords t he b oys 8.nd t heir
t e8.cher w ould heC'.r w ould b e t he j umbled, f rflntic w ords o f
m8·n
s~wing
fl.
nE'WS-
s omething [I.bout t hl? P resident b eing s hot.
B ut t hose t hings
h~ppened.
T he
industri~l ~rts-te~cher
r e-
ported t he n ews t o my a rt c le.ss, l eft t he r oom, t hen r eturned t o
s ignEl.l El. t humbs-down v erdict: t he P resident hEld s ustEdned e b ullet
t o t he brEl.in; t here e xisted l i t tle CEl·use f or h ope.
t hinking t he.t
m~ybe
e verybody W8.S w rong.
I r emember
Meybe K ennedy h ed o nly
b een s lightly w ounded, s hot i n t he s houlder perhE1.ps.
A fter 8 11,
t hF.lt's t he we.y i t wC's o n t elevision--the h ero o ften s hot, b ut n ever
Wh8t h8.ppenE'd n ext i s s till (somewh~t s urprisingly) t oo
s eriously.
person~l
b~long
C'nd p C'inful t o i nclude i n
t o me p erson811y,
t o E'x8mine
0
~nd
~
c ollege
ess~y.
T hose e vents
I w ill n ot reveE1.1 t hem f or s tr8ngers
FE:' r hC'ps i t i s s till t oo s oon f or t h8.t.
S uffice i t t o
S8Y thC'.t I c ould n ot h 8ve f elt m ore g rieved f ind i nconso18.ble t hC'n
i f my b est f riend hC'd d ied.
W orse s till W8·S t he o verpowering n eed
�- 11
t o s tE'y 11 chE'.ined" t o t he t(:' l evision i n t he dE'·Ys thE'.t f ollowed. ThE'
f unere -l s ervices w ere i ncredibly p E'.inful t o W E'tch, y et I l i t erE'lly
c ould n ot t urn E'Wf'y f rom t hem.
Why t hE'.t WE'S s o i s
E'
s till u nE'n-
swered q uestion.
T en yE'E'rs I f'ter I f ind i t i s p ossible t o f cel l ess s ubjective
E' b out K ennedy .s£. £. p re s id e nt.
f inds c ontrE'dictions.
m uch d E'nger.
T he BE'.y
0
EVE'.luE'ting h is E '.dministrr.tion, o ne
H is . edministr(.ltion b rought m uch p romise E'.nd
H is 8.dministr!:"tion b rought p oli t iCE'l s kill (.l.nd f(.l i lure
f P igs, t he K ennedy/ Khruschev V ienn8. c onference, find t he
CubE'n m issle c risis f ire c ited flS K ennedy's m fljor d ownfE'lls, I ,vi&ill
l e[lvE' i t t o t he h istorif'ns E'nd p oliticE'l s cientists t o w restle w ith
t hfl.t p roblem.
C 8me
F or me i t i s e nough t o r E'E'lize thE'.t t he U nited S tetef
m iserfl.bly f 'nd t errifyingly c lose t o n uclefl.r WE're
( I Cf'n r e-
member my j unior-high s chool s cience t ef'cher s flying t hE't 1:'11 w ould
d ie s oon [ It t he h rnds o f t he R ussiE'ns E'nd K ennedy.)
K ennedyVs A sicn p olicy.
T hen t here i s
R egE'rdless o f h ow h istoriE'ns [ lnd p olitic(.ll
s cientists e Vfllurte i t, o ne m ust r emember t hf't K ennedy e xpressed
t he s trong b elief t hfl.t t o w i t hdrf'w U . S . f orces f rom A sie. w ould c onstitute
fI
g rnve m istE'ke.
A nd r eg[lrdless o f s peculntion
[ IS
t o w het
K ennedy w ould h eve d.one r eg[1rding V ietnf'm h rd h e l ived, o ne m ust
[ 1cknowledge t hf't K ennedyVs p olicy w idened t he U .S. r ole i n V ietnE'.m.
I t i s, t hen, p .lmost s imple t o c riticize K ennedyVs p oliticp.l
weE'I.knesses.
S imple u ntil o ne r emembers t hElt w ith f our w ords o ne
mEl.n e nde8red h imself t o t hous8nds 8 nd t re,nsmi t ted r eel h ope t o e.
s tricken n 8.tion.
When K ennedy t old e. W est B erlin c rowd " I El·m E'
B erliner", I b elieve m8.ny A meric8.ns f elt e .lmost ElS t ouched e nd
h opeful ElS t he B erliners who c heered h im.
A nd o ne m ust r emember
t oo t h8.t K hruschev, t het E 8sterll d ictEltor who n ever c ould c onvincingly f ill t he t yr8.nt v s r ole, e ventu8.l1y CEl,me t o r espect t he y ounG
U" S~ P resident.
�- 12
M ost c 1efl,r i s t he fEl .ct t hfl.t t he l ine b etween o bjectivity 8.nd
s ubjectivity r emElins v ery nfl.rrow w hen r ethinking K ennedy's i nfluence.
t o me?
Why w es h e s o s peci8.1 t o s o m 8ny?
When K ennedy c f'mp8igned f or t he p residency, I w es 8·n e leven-
ye8 r o ld s ixth-gr8.der.
book.
Why w es h e s o s pecif',l
A c 18.ss p ro j e c t r equired 8 cft.ndide t e s s cr8.p-
W ell, m 8ybe b ecftuse t he K ennedy/Nixon c E'mp8ign W8S t he f irst
o f w hich I w es t ruly f twere, I t nckled t hft.t p roject w ith t otf'l j oy
8.nd e nthusif'sm.
MEl.ybe b e C f'use I WEts f'·n e l even-ye8 r o ld g irl who
8 p pre c if' t ed f' hF.'ndsome ff' c E?, K ennedy's p icture s e c tion f f'r o utweighed N ixon's.
A nd m eybe t he f E'ct t h8t I W8S C Eltholic 8 nd, e ven
f 't t hf:'t y oung [ 'ge, s trongly f'W['Ire o f e nti-C['I.tholic p rejudice i n my
WASP h ometown f' .lso i nfluenced my f eelings.
B ut t hf'.t WEl·S t hirteen y eers f tgo; t he p ss['l.ssinf'tion, 1 0 Y E'ers
[ "go.
Now c omes t he t ime t o f isk, how w ould I r ee.ct t o K ennedy t odf'·Y?
P lf'ying h ypotheticE'l q uestion ['Ind [ 'Inswer g f'mes i s h ['lrmless e nough;
l et me i ndulge m yself h ere.
I f K ennedy WflS t o b e f'. 1 976 p residen-
tie.l cE'.ndid8.te, w ould I v ote f or h im?
i s s imple:
I hf'.ve c hf'nged.
l onger C ntholic.
P robE'bly n ot.
I 8m 2 4 n ow, n ot e leven.
T he r eft,son
I 'm n o
I 'm E 'ctive i n t he w omen's r ights m ovement.
W orking f or [In o rgElnizetion s uch [ 's Z ero P opul['tion G rowth o r
P lf',nned P £'lrenthood i s ['In i ncrel:"'singly e ttrE'ctive p ossibili t y. T his
l e.st p oint mf'y n ot f 'ppe8.r r elevent b ut K ennedy w es C ['Itholic, 8.
d evout C etholic.
I w ould hf.'ve t o 8 .sk m yself: How w ould h e r enct
t o nE'.tionwide f' .bortion lE'w l iberE'liz[l.tion?
s uch l egislE'.tion?
W ould h e h elp h inder
T his mpy b e El. s mEl.ll, e ven i nsignificf'nt p oint
t o s ome; i t i s Eln e xtremely v itnl p oint t o me.
A p residentiEll
v ersion o f T hom['s M eskill w ould b e i ntoler['ble c onsidering my
f eelings r eg['rding [ 'bortion Elnd w omen's r ights.
I w ould h f've t o
['Isk m yself t he q uestion E 'bove ['.nd b ['se e. v oting d ecision o n my own
e nswers.
F inEllly, I t ve c hr'nged i n t hElt I n o l onger E'e.sily p recticE'
�- 13
t he k ind
0
f h ero-worship thE'.t I u ndoubtedly f elt E"S E'·n c:'levG'n-yeE".r
o ld •
.Th[1t I w ould,.not v ote f or K ennedy todE"Y o nly r eflects my own
s ubj€:Ctivi t y; i t i n n o WE'y r eflects E'. d isrespect f or K ennedy t he
mE',n ... :.: When. K ennedy
s hot·,' I g rieved m E'inly b ec[1use
W8.S
E 'ppeE'.ling
E'.n
. p;-nd hO 'p e'- inspiring m[1.n hE'd b een b rutE'.lly'murdered, n ot s o m uch
becE'.us-e-· t he U nited S t[i t e s h8.,d . l ost p' p re s ident..
( Be s ide s , [ '11
A mericE"n c hildren [ 't t hE't t ime k new 'E'.ssE':ssinE'tions o nly h E'ppened
i n f ore-.ign c ountries o r s o 'mE'ny yeE'.rs [ 'go .in A mericE'.• )
W E"tching
d ocumentE'ries o n K ennedy b rings ' bElck ·the ' horror E'.nd o ften ' t he' · te ·E 'rs.
B ut m ore · E'PPE"·rent ' now i s t he s tprk r e[l.lizE'tion t hR.t K ennedy n ever
hE'd '[1.' c hrrnce t o p rove h imself cf'lpE'ble , o f .presidentifl.l ·-reS'ponsi- - ,- ,
b ilities; h e ·
WfI·S
s enselessly d enied t h[lt c hE'nce.
t o .glo:rify K ennedy [\.s
f'
r 6'E1.ction t o
f.\
I t· i s .illogicE'l
b rut[ll E'ss.[l.ssin£'tion;- i ·t ... i s
e qu[I.lly c 8.110us t o . c ondemn h im, k nowing h e c E'nnot o ffer' f I: d e f ense.
"
'.
'.
· 4- .
'
.
I
~
..
.
i
i
�
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61434d719b0544b2befa2208a9af8d99
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Title
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THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN F. KENNEDY:
PERPLEXITY IN RETROSPECT
Description
An account of the resource
Comparing my feelings on the assassination of John F. Kennedy when the event occurred to my attitude toward the tragedy now, I come to the realization that in some respects youth is an extravagance of time.
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Showah, Laura
PDF Text
Text
- 14,
THE ASSASSINATION OF JOHN F . KENNEDY:
PERPLEXITY I N RETROSPECT
****
LAURA SHOWAH
C omp!?ring rr..y f eelings o n t he !?.ss!?. ssin~.tion o f J ohn F . K ennedy
w hen t he e vent
0
c curred t o my EI.tti t ude tOWEl r d t he trEl.gedy n ow, I
come t o t he r ep.liz!?tion
vElgp.nce o f t ime.
th~.t
i n s ome r espects y outh i s p n e xtr!?-
On N ovember 2 2, 1 963 I
W~.S ~
t en-yepr o la m ember
o f t he f ifth-grf'de c lp.ss f1t H f'yestown A venue S chool i n D pnbury,
C onnecticut.
On t hf't f p t eful f1 .utumn df1y I r emembe r b eing e xcep-
tionf1.11y c heerful.
I n t he f' .fternoon t he t hree f ifth-grC'de clf.'.sses
o f t he s chool w ere t o u nite i n o ne r oom f or
fl.
p
s ong f estivf.'l.
As ·
f ifth-gr£1der I t ook d elight i n s inging, £1nd e ven i f I d id n ot
e njoy s inging, t he £ 1tmosphere o f t he w hole E'.fternoon WE'S b uoypnt.
T he t ef'.cher i nformed t he s tudents i n my c ll:'ss t o b ring c hpirs t o
t he m eeting r oom i n o rder t hC't f ill p C'rticipE'nts o f t he e vent w ould
b e f issured o f
2
pl~ce
t o s it.
U pon h eC'ring t his n ews we t hirty,
b ubbly, n oisy, t en-yef'.r-olds g C'thered u p o ur c hf'irs C'nd p roceeded
t o f ile c hl:'oticE'lly o ut t he d oor t o t he m eeting w i t h o ur c lf'·ssmE'.tes.
O nce f Ill n inety f ifth-grf' .ders w ere p f'cked i nto t he smf111
r oom we s houted, s cref1med, l E'ughed, t f'lked, C'nd o cc£1sionf111y s E'ng,
f or t he n ext h our £1nd
my
cl~.ssmE' . tes
f E'shion.
£1.
guid~nce
I:'
hI:' I f.
A t t he e nd o f t he j ubilr.nt e vent,
E'nd I f iled b E'ck t o o ur r oom i n o ur usu£11 u norderly
A s t he tE'C'chel:' f'.\j-\.;t'Illfrted t o q uell t he c lE'mor o f t he c lf'sf
c ounselor e ntfred t he r oom.
t €'C'cher f.'nd w hispered s omething t o h er.
He w£1.1ked d irectly t o o ur
B ec['use o f o ur c uriosity-
for t he s ecretive n £1ture o f o ur g uestVs v isit, my
cl~ssmf1tes ~nd
I q uieted o urselves fInd d irected o ur f 'ttention t o t he f ront o f t he
r oom.
T he g uid£1nce c ounselor d elivered h is meSSf.'ge £1nd e xited
�- 15
~fter
f rom t he r oom.
S oon
t urned pEl l e
s tE'rted s obbing.
~nd
f~ces
e xpressions o n t he
O bserving t he g rief ( lnd
t hought t hE't
E'
cl~ssm~tes ~nd
t hen
rec~. ll ~ .
1 0wered: II
he~. rt~che
I s tE'red
te~cher
o ur
I r ecf'.ll s ee i ng p erplexed
my t ef'.cher
r elE'.tivc o f h ers hE'.d d ied.
~t
o ur
te~. cher
w~· s
F or
e xperiencing, L
sever~l
m inutes my
i n p rofound c onfusion.
b oy s uddenly s houting, " Hey l ook, t he
fl~g
I
i s b eing
We f .'ll r ushed t o t he w indow t o v iew t he v ice-princip[ll
explE'n~tion
f l[lg.
Americ~n
i n o ne [ lfternoon
o f t hirty t en-ye[lr-olds.
A ll t hese s tr[lnge e vents
bE'c~me
u nbef.'r[l.ble f or
~
g roup
We s tE'rted dem[l.nding E' v indic[ltion o f t he
o ccurrences f rom o ur teE'.cher.
g irl.
dep~rture,
o f my c l[l.ssmE'tes, y et e veryone Wf.'S q uiet.
o f o ur s chool l owering t he
wi t h no
o ur g uest's
"Wh8.t he.d h eppened?" d emended o ne
"Who h ed d ied? I t i nquired e.nother.
T he t eecher, g e.ining h er
c omposure y et o bviously i rri t e·ted b y o ur q uestions e.nd n oise ~ t old
u s t o b e s ilent s o thE'lt s he c ould I ?xplein t he d ey's e vents t o u s.
S he t hen s t8ted b luntly t he.t P resident K ennedy h e.d b een s hot t het
e.fternoon.
S oon e.fter h er e.nnouncment, t he p rincipf.'l o f o ur s chool
s poke t o u s t hrough t he p ublic e ddress s ystem.
H is v oice, d eep,
d ignified, e.nd u nee'SY, r eitere .ted t he n ews w hich
o ur clEl.ss.
WEIR
j ust g iven t o
A fter h e e nnounced t he d ee,th o f t he P resident, t he
p rincipel r equested u s t o s t8nd, a nd e ng8ge i n a m inute o f s ilent
p r8.yer.
I r emember s t[l.nding, b ut n ot p rl?ying; i nste[l.d I Wf.'.S
w ondering.
I we·s w ondering why s o mElny p eople w ere b ecoming s o
u pset o ver t he d rf.'th o f s omeone t hey d id n ot k now
t he n ext f ew d£l·YS,
E \S
person~lly.
F or
I wf.1tched t he t elevision c overElge o f t he
f unerf.'l [',nd [IS I w itnessed t he p erson[ll f.'gony o f t hose [I.ro'Lmd m e,
my s entiments o n K ennedy's
th(l.Jl~
de~th
r emE'ined t he Sf.'me.
deE'.th m er-nt t hE' e nd o f [l.ny g ood
w hen f.' . l oved-one d ied, s orrow W[lS
[ I.
[ I.
I reE'.lized
p erson c ould E '.nhieve
n [lturE' ,l s entimento
~
so
Y et K ennedy
�- 16
hE'd n ot p ffected my l ife i n p ny m pnner t hpt I c ould r ecognize,
t herefore h is d epth m epnt l ittle t o me
PS
p t en-yepr o ld.
R eflecting b eck o n my i nitiel s entiments t owprd K ennedy's
e,sse,ssinEl,tion I f eel
FS
i f I w ps d eprived o f E'n o pportunity t o
c omprehend El.n o utst8.nding p ersonFli t y.
versiFl f igure e mong h istoriElns.
K ennedy i s n ow 8. c ontro-
Some Elrgue t hpt K ennedy WElS t he
u ni t ing f orce f or e c ountry l ooking f or d irection i n El. t ime o f
c onfusion.
H is i dE'els o f b enevolence t o t he n eedy, m pintenEl.nce o f
l iberty, p,nd p revention o f wP,r F ppep,led t o E lll c lEl,sses 8 nd EI,ges o f
AmericEl.n c itizens.
Y et s ome h istoripns n ow c ontend thEl,t K ennedy
WEI,S t he s ource o f g reet A meric8n d isunity.
K ennedy i s o ften v iewed.
El.S fl. mfl.n who we s lEl.den w ith e f epr o f t he c ommunist m enpce, [l.nd
t hus p lunged t he U nited S t['.tes i nto m ['ssive i nvolvement i n t he
V ietn['.m wfl.r.
No m (1,tter h ow o ne p erceive·s· K ennedy's p residenti[1l
p olicies, f flvorE'bly o r d isfE'vorE'bly, o ne m ust c onced.e t hpt t he mfln
h imself' r eceived t he [ 'dmirE'tion o f t he A meric[',n p ublic d uring h is
p residency.
T he p roof o f t his c ontention i s n ot o nly t he g rief
e xhibited b y U nited S tetes' c i t izens w hen K ennedy w ['s pssE'.ssinpted,
b ut [ 'Iso t he p .dmirp,tion d isplp.yed b y p eople f or K ennedy t od[l.y. N ot
l ong P go, p.
hi~tory
p rofessor i n p ref'[lce t o [I. d iscussion o n K ennedy'
c i t ed [In e xcerpt f rom K ennedy's I n[l.ugurel A ddress.
A s t his m[1·n
r eE'd f rom t he s pe(;;'ch, h is v oice WP·S s olemn 8 S i f h e w ere p ondering
t he i denls o f t he [I,ddress ['.nd i ts [ luthor.
K ennedy h ['d o bv:iously
l eft [' f e.vorebl€' i mpression o n t his p rofessor.
h ow I l istened i n
[ ',we
L ooking bE'ck o n
t o t his mrm r eed t e t he p['.ss[l.ge I r eplizE' t h[l ,t
my f eelings t owf'rd t he [ 1sspssin[1.tion o f P resident K ennedy p re t he
s p.me n ow PS t hey w ere t en y eprs [ 'go.
I s till w onder why p eople
b eceme s o u pset o ver t he d e[lth o f K ennedy.
K ennedy h ed t he [ 'bili t y t o g enerE'te e nthusifl.sm f or h is i defl,ls
p mong t he A mericp.n p eople.
Mflny p eople who b ecflme f e.miliflr w ith
�-17
t he mEl·n d uring h is l ife f 'gre,ed thE'·t he Wfl·S fl, dynE'.mic Ft.nd c hFt.ris- ""
mE'.tic f igure.
When K ennedy becFt,me P resident o f t he U nited S tfl.tes
I WEI.S s even-yeE'rs o ld.
When K ennedy d ied I WE'S t en-yeflrs o ld.
BecfI,use I WflS s o y oung when K ennedy l ived, I d id n ot E 'ppreciflte t he
e minence o f t he ml:'ln.
I E',m now c l('l.ssified
('I.S
fI, y oung E 'dult, b ut
K ennedy i s deEl.d, E'l.nd s o I w ill n ever gEl.in f irst-hE'nd k nowledge o f
t his mr..n's greC'.tness.
Gr€l.nted, I CE'·n l isten t o p eople tE'.lk r e-
spectfully E'.bout K ennedy, b ut I t w ill n ever b e €I.ble t o he€l.r K ennedy
s pee.k l ive E'.bout
E'.
mE'.jor w orld p roblem, n or w ill I e ver b e €I.ble t o
s ee f or m yself how K ennedy w ould cE',lm e·n h ysterice,l AmericEl.n p ublic
d uring e p eriod o f i nterne,tionE'.l c risis.
I n r etrospect, t he
E'.ssessinE'·tion o f J ohn F . K ennedy s till b rings
m ind.
d ied?
8.
q uestion t o my
Why d id t he AmericE'.n p ublic g rieve s o much when K ennedy
�
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- 18
THE GIFT OF POWER--JOHN KENNEDY
* '* '* '*
GARY?" H. KOZAK
NormE".lly i f o ne w ere t o fI.sk E 'bout E'.n e vent i n t he pfi.St, I
w ould s hrug my s houlders E'.nd f i.nswer w ith fin " I d on't r emember."
VVhE't i s i t t h[l.t mfi.kes t he deE'l·th o f J ohn F . K ennedy s tfl.nd o ut fl.S i f
i t hE'.d h E'.ppened y esterdE'Y?
Why i s i t w hen y ou f isk fi.nyone !'l.bout
t hfl.t t rflgic N ovember f I.fternoon t hey w ill b e f lble t o r ecfl.ll t heir
exE' c t f I.ctions, t houghts, fI·nd w hereE'bouts?
T he r e s ponsE'S t o t he s e
q ue s tions p oint o nly t o t he t remendous impE".ct o f t his o ne i ndi v idupl
t odflY, u pon
fl.
s ociety b estowed w ith t he m ost c orrupt r egime s ince
P resident Grfl-nt' s .
As
f1
n t='t.ion, we l ong f or t he i ntelligence, chE".rismfl, [1.nd
d ecisiveness i n o ur I N'.dership tod('l.y, t hE't M r. K ennedy o ffered t en
ye[1.rs fl.go.
F rom h is c ultured fl.nd d ignified p resencE' t o h is p olit-
iCE'·l E 'stuteness, J ohn K ennedy r epresented t his c ountry w ith p riide
[ lnd f ortitude.
C ert[linly h e ht;"1.d f lfl.ws; f or h e WfI.S m ortE'l.
P os-
sibly i t w~s h is d ecision w hich i nitifllly i nvolved t his c ountry i n
VietnE'.mj s urely i t W8.S h is g flmble w hich m oti v fl.ted t he Bfl.Y o f P igs
i nv[l.sion, b ut h is i ntegri ty;r W[l.S n ever c hflllenged.
T en ye[1.rs P go I
W PS fI.
t en yefl.r o ld s ixth-grfldcr who
fI·S
y et
hfl.dn't r el[l.ted t o s tfl.tely 8 .fffl.irs.
Why t hen hfi.d h is d e[l.th s tunned
me f ind o ther c hildren o f t he t ime?
L ike p ll o ther k ids I l ooked
f orwr'rd t o t his dE"Y o ff f rom s chool, btl-/; th(-.' l 'wwJ.;'n]·on t cl('v:i.siol1
r ocked me ['I.S i f s omeone i n my own ff.1.mily hfi.d m et t his i ll f!:1.te.
P erh('.ps t he u nity w ith t he l e[1der, p erh[1.ps thE' f fl.milif.1riz['.tion w ith
h is f fl.mily, ":::[Ikes h is d e[l.th fI·S h flrd t o g rfl.sp todfl.Y E'.S i t d id t en
YE'C'·rs rt.go.
Americ[1.ns p re s till s C'prching f or t he s trong l E'fI.dersliip .
t hDt J ohn KennE;'dy p rovin.ed.
r?e o verc['me fi.ll o bst[lales:
PT 1 09,
�- 19
p ersonEl.l fEl .mily disEl.sters, b ifl.s EI.gEtinst p. C p.tholic i n t he W hite
H ouse, t he p ublici t y El.dvE'.ntEl.ge o f i ncumbent V ice P resident N .ixon.
He c hE'.llenged E '.dversi t y find cflme o ut t he v ictor.
K ennedy wp.s fl· roP.n p .ll c ould i dentify w ith, t he .SUJ>.e.rmen , o r
t he JEl.mes B onds.
siEl.l s ubject.
T his i s why h is deE'·th s till r emfl.ins E' c ontrover-
T heories r elfl.ting t o c onspirEl.cy, f oreign p lot, o r
e ven p. p oli t icp.l m pndrte p ermeE'te fI.ny c onversfltion o f t he P resident
fl .nd h is f rtpl e nding.
MfI.ny s till f eel t hfl.t L ee HfI.rvey O swpld i s
o nly p p.rt o f t he fI.nswer i n e xplElining t he deEl.th o f K enn€'dy.
Todp.y l ep.dership i s c lfl.ndestine (l.t b est fI.nd c rrimin[l.l fI.t w orst.
We l ook towfl.rd N ixon flS we l ooked towfI.rd K ennedy b ut t he r eflecti.on
i s n ot t he sP·rne.
N ixon' s c ountenfl.nce i s c old [I.n d f lustere, K ennedy's
wp·s wp.rm p nd t rusting.
U nlike o ther l er-.ders who s eem t o f eel p ower
i s fl. d ictorifl.l mE1.ndp.te b estowed. u pon t hem E".t i nE"ugurp.tt.on, KennedJV'
k new p ower p.s t he E ".bili t y t o p ull p eople t ogether E".nd g et t hings
d ona.
F or t his we g re g rE".teful.
�
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- 20
KENNEDY LEADERSHIP: A CRITIQUE
****
DR. RUSSELL FRYER
J ohn F . K ennedy
im~ . ges
o f t his
n~ture
h~. s
l ong e njoyed o ne o f t he m ost
f~.vored
i n t he p ublic m ind ~.mong r ecent Americ~. n P residents.
c~· n
~ttributed
be
o f h is
~bortive
t o p ersonE'.l
P residency.
qu~.li t ies
Much
E'.nd t he t rfl.gic
F or t he b etter
p~rt
of
~ dec~de,
mfl.ny h istoripns r einforced t his fEl.vorfl.ble e VflluEl.tion, b eginning
w i t h t hfl·t s ubst['.ntifll b ut flEl.wed s tudy b y (I.n ' insider' flnd h ighly
e steemed h istori[l.n, A rthur S chlesinger, J r., i n A T housfl.nd DE'·Ys.
E ven t hough t he p romise w~s n ever
a::p-le t o b e c ompletely f ulfilled,
e xcept f or t he "Bfl.y o f P igs" e pisode, K ennedy's IE'E'.dership flnd
p erformC'nc€' i n t he W hite H ouse h['.s b een g enerfl.lly lE'.uded fl.nd h eld
u p fl.S C' m odel w orthy o f e mulfl.tion.
I n r ecent y eprs, h owever, t he p endulum i s s tfl.rting t o s wing
t he o ther wPY.
I f n ot y et
1:'.
r iSing t ide, i t hfl.s t he fl .ppep.rfl.nce o f
b eing fl g ro1;Llldswell o f d issenting o pinion p.nd P.t t he v ery l e[l.st
s eems t o r eve[ll P. m uch m ore c ri tic~l mood i n f l.ssessing t he K ennedy
Y€'r'·rs.
WhC't i s t he n flture o f t his " new c riticism?"
M flinly, i t i s
p flrt o f fl. l [lrgpr ' revisionism' r elfl.ting t o t he o rigins o f t he c old
Wfl.r [lnd U .S. p ost-World Wfl.r I I f oreign p olicy, emphfl.sizing t he
' responsibility' o f A mericfln l e[l.dership f or m isjudging S oviet i ntentions i n thE'
f\.
immedj~ ~t0 ' POGij ·~ :WCl. l.' ·
p ari o d- E'nd m ore o r l ess m psking
c fl.lcull:'ted e conomic i mperi['.lism u nder t he g uise' o·f
' contf'.ining
C ommunism' ['.nd fl.ccepting r esponsibility f or t he d efense o f ' democr[l.cy' w herever i n t he w orld i t ['.ppec>red t o b e i n p eril, s ometimes
r eferred t o
[ IS Americ~n
' globplism.' I n r espect t o t he K ennedy
�- 21
P re 8 idency, t his n ew h istoric8,1 s chool 0 f s o-c[' l le d ' r8,dicC' 1
r evisionists
v
h [,8 b een f ocusing u pon whC't t hey b elieve i s t he
u nderside o f t he c elebr8,ted K ennedy h C'ndling o f K hrushchev i n t he
1 962 CubC'.n M issile C risis [l.nd t he r elntionship b etween K ennedy
r hetoric C'nd i nitiC'tives r egC'rding t he e scnlC'ting S outheC'.st AsiC'.
c risis i n t he e C'rly 6 0's.
T he b est o ne cC'n do i n C' b rief e ssC'y i s t o C 'lert t he r e['der
t o s ome r ecent s tudies t hC't C're h elping t o p ush t he p endulum
t ow8 r d
f1.
l e s s fC'.vor8.ble n sse ssmE"nt
0
f t he K ennedy p e r formC'nce C' ,nd
l e8.de r ship.
RichC'.ra. J . WC'l t on's C old
Foreig~
P olicy o f J ohn
E..!.
J:!£.:£.
8 ud C ounterrevolution: .:the
K f'nnedx i s E'n i mpressive [ lnd w ell-
do c umented, i f '" t t ime s o ve r -stC'.ted C'nd t cmdentious i nterpre t C'·tion
o f t he d iscrep['ncies b etween K enned y 9 s r eputC'tion 8 8 8 s ophistic8ted, k nowledgeC'ble, f lexible-minded E 'vE'luC'tor o f t he A mericC'n
,
n C',tionr-l i nterest v is [) v iS ' cold wC'.r' p roblems 8 nd h is C'.ctuC'.l
c onduct, w hich r eveC'ls h im t o hC'.ve b een 8. c ommitted I 'cold w 8.rrior"
n ot m uch d ifferent f rom t he s eemingly d iscredited D ulles-Eisenhower
' holy w(\.r n gC',inst C ommunism' s yndrome t hrt J FK i n o ther r espects
s eemed r nxious t o r epudirte f1.nd
ch~nge.
M r. W8l t on c 18ims t h8,t K ennedy b etr8yed h is own s t8.ted p rinciple e nunci8.ted i n
1:1.
p ress c onference h eld o n A pril 1 2 , f ive d 8ys
b efore t he B8,y o f P igs ' inv8.sion,' w here h e s 8.id:
T he b 8sic i ssue i n Cube' i s n ot o ne b etween t he U nited
S tC'.tes EI,nd CubE'.. I t i s b etween t he CubE'.ns t hemselves.
I i ntend t o s ee t hC't we E 'dhere t o t h8t p rinciple f ind flS
I u nderstC'.nd i t t his 8 dministrEd;ion Vs C 'tti t ude i s s o
u nderstood b y t he E 'nti-C8,stro e xiles f rom CubE'. i n t his
c ountry.
I n M r. WE'l t on's v iew, n ot o nly WC'S K ennedy m ore C 'nti-C8.stro
t hE'n N ixon i n t he f 8 ,mous p re-election TV d eb8tes, h is ['.ppro[1.ch t o
C C'.stro C'.nd C ubnn C ommunism WC'·S b oth s implistic C'nd m istC'ken i n
�- 22
c oupli .J.'lg Cubr'll I'i"['.tion[1.1ism f.1nd C O[1[nunist f .1ggression. H is d ecision
t o [ 'dopt E'. ' tough s tf.1.nce' i n t he f tlce o f c ontrr.ry fE'.cts l ed l ogiCf.11ly t o t he Bo.y o f P igs fif.1 .sco [ lnd t he C ubr.n m issile c risis f lirtE'tion w i t h b rinkmpnship E'nd n ucleflr WE'.r.
B oth R obert K ennedy i n h is smE'.ll b ut e vocfltivE' p ersonE'l e vpluE'tion o f t he 1 962 Cub[l.n M issile C risis i n T hirteen DEWS f.1nd T ed
S orenson i n K ennedy u nderscore t he d uplicity E'.nd E'.ggressive i ntent
o f t he R ussi.E'ns i n p lnnting ' offensive wE'E'.ponry' o n Cubfl.n s oil l ess
t hE'n
(.'t.
h undred m iles f rom A mericE',n b orders, C'S w ell [I·S t he s uperb
fl .nd m[l s terful WE'y K ennedy h[l.ndled t he ' problem', c E'using K hrushchev
t o ' bfl.ck d ovvn,' [ lnd p ull C'w['y f rom
[ I.
' big p ower c onfrontr.tion' t h[lt
c ould w ell h ['ve l ed t o ' nucle[lr h ol[l.c['ust.'
M r. W rl t on's viE:'w,
r eflecting f.'. g rowing c horus o f f :'nti-Kennedyism, i s t hE'.t t he A meric['.n g overnment o verref.1.cted, pf.'.rtly d ue t o K hrushchev's p robf.'.bly
' st[l.ge d ' b luste r ['.nd t hre[l ·ts r eg['.rding t he B erlin s i t U[1tion [I .t t he
J une 1 961 V iennp. s ummit m eeting [1.nd K ennedy's f eeling th[1.t [1. ' get
t ough' p olicy
W r'·S
n ecessf.'ry i n f utUre deE'.lings w ith K hrushchev,
c oupled w ith d omestic p oli t ic[1.1 p ressures t hf't mf.'.de K ennedy v ulnerE'ble t o t he chf.1.rge o f ' being s oft o n c ommunism.'
c ontrE'ry t o
t
I n o ther w ords r
c onvention[ll w isdom,' K ennedy wo.s F,".S m uch F,",t f 8ul t [ 's
K hrushchev f or t he p erilous w eek o f c onfrontE'.tion o ver CubE', ['.nd
i n s ome r esp e cts W[lS b oth f oolhef.1rdy [ 'nd i rresponsible i n h is
[ lppro[lch t o t he c risis. T he p ossibility o f p d iplomC'tic s ettlement o f t he d ifferences b etween R ussiE'. p nd t he U nited S tf.'tes o ver
Cub~
e xisted m onths b eforE> t he w eek o f c Ol1frontf.1.tion v i[l
sl;['.~c-
men t s mnde b y t he Cubf.1,n E'mbE' SSE'.do r [1.t t he U N . t hf'.t [ Ill CubE'
0
w ['.nted WE'r e ' E'.ssurf'nces' t he U .S. w ould n aG 'l;ry t o i .nvE'.de CubE'.•
T he r e[l.l m otiv[l.·ti o n . h <:' hin.d. J On'llRhchC' v v s d ecision t o pl[1.ce o ffensive m issiles i n Cubf'. WE'·S t he B(l.y o f P igs e pisode 8 nd t he t lfef'r
�- 23
Cubf1. Wf.'S i n s erious d E'nger f rom t he U nited S t[l.tes,iI E'nd n ot
I ItE'st o f
i ssue.
st ~ 'cngth';
t o s trike f.'·t t he U nited S tE'tcs o n
fl.
[ IS
E'.
v ulnercoble
K ennedy hEl.d p rovoked Cub8. e.nd R ussie. t o r espond i n t his
W?y b y " drElwing e n e conomic El.nd p oli t ic?l n oose t ight e round
Cub~.• "
F inRlly, i n t he ' settlement' t hRt u ltimRtely r esolved t he c risis,
Cub8. 8.nd R ussi8. g ot whEl ,t t hey h8.d d esired 8.11 8.10ng:
ment n ot t o i nv8de CubEl"
E'-
U.S. c ommit-
t e.ci t u nderste,nding t h8t t he U . S . m issiles
w ould b e r emoved f rom T urkish /:l,nd I te,liEl,n b e,ses 8 ,nd, o f c ourse,
t he e nd o f t he b lockEl,de.
I t m8Y b e 8,ppropriEl.te 8 .t t his j uncture
t o q uote M r. W Rlton m ore f ully o n t his p oint:
I b elieve thf1.t h is d ecision t o g o t o t he b rink o f n uclee.r
Wf1r W8S i rresponsible f1nd r eckless t o El. s upreme d egree,
thf1.t i t r isked t he k ind o f t errible misc~lculf1.tion t hat
K ennedy Wf1 s f11wfl·Ys wco.rning K hrushchev f 1bout, t hfl.t i t W[l·S·
u nnecessf.'ry, E'nd t hflt, i f o ne fl .ssumes m inimum c ompetence,
t he K ennedy E',dministr[ltion k new i t Wf1·S n ot n ecessf1ry. r
E 'rgue, i n s hort, t hE"t K ennedy, w ithout s ufficient r eflson,
c onsciously r isked n ucleco.r CE'tco.strophe, w ith f111 thco.t i mplied f or t he p eople n ot o nly o f t he U nited S tf1.tes f1.nd
R ussico, b ut o f t he e ntire w o r l d . '
A noth€' r e vent t hE't hf1,S p recipi tf.',ted m uch E ',ttention f rom ' revisionists' i s t he r ec.ord o f t he K ennedy E ',dministrfl,tion i n t he
E'!:',rly d ecision-mE"king i nvolving A mericfl.n VietnE',m i ntervention.
W ould K ennedy hr.vE' e ventuE',lly r ef1.1ized t he f olly o f U .S. e fforts
t o b olster E', c orrupt, E'.u1tocrE'.tic E'nd c rwnbling S rdgon r egime E'nu.
p ull bE",ck i n t ime f rom t he m ili tf.'.ry e scf11[ltion thco.t e nsued u nder
P resident J ohnson?
No o ne w ill e ver k now, o f c ourse, t he E"·nswer
t o t his sE'E'.ring q uestion.
H owever, t here f.'·re c lues E'.S t o how J ohn
K ennedy m ight hEwe fl .cted i f h e hE'd l ived, [ lnd E"·mong ' revisionists'
t he co.nswer i s t hrt h e w ould u ndoubtedly h r.ve [I.cted m uch f1S J ohnson
d id If:l.ter.
T he ff.' ,tE'l f lE'.w i n t his l ine o f t hinking, D -ccorcHng t o
D evid H e.lberst8.m i n
Th~ ~E'§1t. ElP9. :th~ :R:r·:t.gJ:l.j;~$_t, . FInn .
T rving L . J e,nis
i n Vic:t..il11fl. .9.f .(}TQJ,lRtJtink, w es shfl,red b y v irtu8.11y e very P resident
R nd P residentiRl R dvisor d uring t he e rR: t hey p rided t hemselVes
�- 24
o n t heir p regmgtism, t heir 1 8ck o f i llusions, t heir i ntelligence
e.nd i ntellectuEl.l s ophisticEl.tion, b ut w ere j ust 8.S i ncElpe.ble o f
t ruly q uestioning 8 nd e xgmining t heir r 8ther n El.rrow-bElsed El.ssumptions r eg8.rding t he r ee.l w orld o f i nterne.tione.l p ower p olitics e.nd
t he A meric8.n d emocrgtic t r8di t ion.
d imension
80
T hey l ost s ight o f t he e thic81
c ruci81 i n u niting d emocr8,tic mE'E'ns 8.nd e nds.
T hey
p rided t hemselves o n t heir r e8.1istic t oughness 8 nd 8 bility t o h 8ndle
e.ny c h8.l1enge, i ncluding t heir w illingness t o u se A mericg's h uge
[I.rsenfll o f m ilit8ry f orce i f n ecessery t o V contein c ommunism,' b ut
i n 8 .ctugli t y w ere j ust 8 S s elf-deluded 8.nd m is-c[llculE'.ting [IS t heir
w ould-be [In t E'gonists.
sti t uted f or s ubst8.nce.
AppeE'.rE'.nce E',nd r ee.li t y c l[l,shed; sh[" dow s ubT he h e8rt o f t he m [l.tter, E '.ccording t o M r.
J 8nis, i s t h[·t:
• •• e 8ch o f t hes€' d ecisions (i.~, BE'.y o f P igs, V ietnE'm WE'r)
w['s [I. g roup p roduct, i ssuing f rom E'. s eries o f m eetings o f E'
s mflll b ody o f g overnment o fficiE'ls E'.nd [ l.dvisors who c onstituted 8. c ohesive g roup. A nd i n e ech i nstE'nce, t he m embers
o f t he p olicy-m["king g roup me.de i ncredibly g ross m iscE'lcu18.tings [ l.bout b oth t he p r["ctic8.1 8.nd mor[".l c onsequences o f
t heir d ecisions.
T hen t here i s t his
p~ss8.ge
f rom H ['lberstgmVs b rilli['nt s tudy
o f t he Americ~n i nvolvement i n V ietnnm:
And t hus i t WE'·S t he i rony o f t he K ennedy A dministretion
t h[".t J ohn K enne d y, r [' t ion81ist, p ledged E 'bove E 'll t o r ['.tionf.lli t y, s hould c ontinue t he m ost i rr['.tion81 o f [ '11 mf:"jor
A mericr,n f oreign p olicies, t he p olicy t owfl.rd C hin[' E'.nd t he
r est o f A si['. He W[l.S [l.WE're o f t he c hrnge i n t he C ommunist
w orld, h e WflS 8Wf.'re o f t he s plit b etween t he C hinese find
R ussi8.ns; i t w rs, h e r eelized, s omething v ery i mport8nt.
B ut h e w ould d e[l.l w ith i t I nter.
Wh8.t i s o ne t o c onclude?
I s i t s imply t he e xpected c ounter-
point t o t he t endency o f s ome h istorif:1ns t o o ver-rE'te n nd o verprr.ise t he K ennedy P residencY--E'nd t he t ruth l ies s omewhere b etween?
O r i s i t 8 n o ver-due 8.nd p ersu8.sive r e-ev8.1u8,tion o f 8 n e r8. i n A meriC8.n h istory t h8.t h 8s h8.d s uch m omentous c onsequences f or t he n 8tion, r eve81ing t he u nderside o f t he s elf-congr8.tu818.tory s t8nce
�- 25
t h[l.t
h~l.s
s o l Oilg p ermer'.ted t he AmericEl.n s elf-imEl.ge El.nd hEl.s pE'.ved
t he wEI.y f or t he ' fEl.ilures o f p olicy,r' thEl.t s till c ontrol El.nd h inder
t he p rospect f or EI. r evised s elf-imEl.ge m ore i n El.ccordEl.nce w ith c ontempor~ry
reEl.li t ies?
C leEl.rly, i f t he lEl.tter viE'W i s IEl.rgely c orrE'ct,
t hen t he e fforts o f t he ' new r evisionists' El.re b oth vEl·lw.ble E'I.n d
w elcomed, r egprdless o f how 'bE'l.lrmced v o r tElccurE'l.te' t hese sEl.me i nterpretr.tiorh.i w ill El.ppeElr i n h istoricEl.1 p erspective.
leEl.st, i t i s
[I.
A t t he v ery
n eeded r eminder thEl.t h istory i s IE'.rgely t he r ecord
o f hunw.n d ecision, humE'l·n
strength~.J.
a nd
hum~.n
w eEl.knesses.
There- is
n o greE'l.ter t r'.sk f or t he c ontemporEl.ry h istoriEl.n thE'.n t o h elp u s E".ll
sepEl.rE".te b etter m yths f rom r eEl.li t y, Elnd t hink m ore c leE".rly !I.bout
t he c ompeting
dem~"nds
o f e thics p.nd p olitics.
�
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- 26
F I LM REVIEW: "EXECUTIVE ACTLON"
****
RICHARD. GALLAGHER
T he t enth. ('I.nni ve'IrS(I.ry,: o f P resident J :ohn F . Kenned;y;rts f'.SSf'.S8 :~ .r. ,,.,ti-om
hf'.s s pr-.rked ['. r enewed i nterest i n t he c ontroversiE1·1 Q ir-
CUlTIstr-.nces s urrounding thE'.t e vent.
merous b ooks [l.nd r -.rticles i s
b y D['.lton
Tr~lmbo,
E\.
J )oining t he r f'.nks o f t he n u-
n ew f i .lm, " Executive A ction," w ritten
M ['rk L(I.ne, EI.nd D onnld F reed.
A s o ne m ight e xpect,
t he' f i .lm c lE'ims t hr-.t L ee HEI.rvey Oswfl.ld d id n ot (I.ct f t.lone i n k illing
t he
Presiden~.
H owever,
th~
f ilm d oes n ot s top t here.
l it
~lsa
p resents t he h ypothesis thEl.t 0swEl.ld WEI.S f rElmed, EI.nd thft.ii t he El.SSEl.SsinEl.tion Wft·s P .ctup.lly p.rrflnged b y t hree we(l.l t hy r ight-wing c onspirr-.tors.
T he m ftkers o f t he f ilm, i t m ust b e n oted, hf'·ve m(l.de t he
f o,;l lowtng d iscl(l.imen:
" This d oes n ot p urport t o b e ft. d efinite
d ocument o n t he [l.ssE'.ssinft-tion o f J FK. I t
N evertheless, i t i s
p lfl.usibly, p resented r-.n d i s b ound t o h[l.ve (I.n i mpftct o n p ubliQ ' o pinioru.
T he p urpose o f t his r eview i s t o a onsider w hether o r n ot s uch
fl.
c onspirncy m ight h ftve e xisted.
" Executi v e A ction" d epicts t he c onspir['.tors [l.S i ntelligent,
r(l.tionftl, f ind c oldly cEl.lculE".ting.
r ight-wingers h nd
[I
T he f ilm C 'sserts thEl.t t hese
n umber o f l ogic[l.l r epsons f or p lotti,n g K ennedy's
m urden:.
( 1) He WEI·S " encourE'.gilng" ft. blEl.ck r evolution;
( 2) He w ps p ll'.llning E" n uclcE'.r- 1i(~t3'-t; -
( 3) He WE"·S i nv;oking [,Jlt;.i. "
p rev-C'llt me r gt:' 1';;:1;
bEt1'l:
t reE'ty;
I.t~ .w · t; - r{.\gulf'-[;:ion8 t o
( 4) He WE'.S g oing t o p ull A meric[l.n t roops o ut o f
VietnE"m b y C hristmpn, 1 965;
( 5) H e, ( I.long w ith h is t wo b rothers, W(I.S b eginning
E". t wenty-four yeE".r dynf1.sty o f K ennedys i n t he
W hite H ouse ..
�- 28
cert~. inty.
T his, i n
f~ct,
i s t he b E'.sic p remise o n w hich t he r ight-
wing c onspirE'cy t heory. r ests.
d ifferent.
T he ffl.cts o f t he m fl.tter fI .re q ui.te
K nowledgepble R epublicpns w ere
~w~. re,
i n 1 963, thE'.1t
BE"rry GoldwE".ter wr·s f['.r o ut i n f ront i n thE'.t p prty' s c ontest f or
t he
Pre~::tidenti~.l
n ominl'.tion.
Goldw~.ter
( I.ppepled t o p ll r ight-wing
g roups, i ncluding t he t ype o f p eoplE' d epicrted i n " ExeautiYe A !ction:."
K ennedy's r e-election, o n t he o ther hE'.nd, WfI·S b y n o me(l·ns (I. s ure
,
t hing.
A p rim(l.ry r ep.son f or h is t rip t o D pllE'.s w['·s t o i mprove h is
weE'.k p osition r n t hfl.t i mportE".nt s t['.te.
C ert(l.inly,
h is c hE'nces o f r e-election w ere e xcellent.
[ 'IS
t he i ncumbenit,
B ut t he e ssentiE'l p oint,
w hiah t he f ilm n eglects, i s t hpt E"·S o f 1 963 t here WE'S
p ossibili t y t hE"t t he R epublic(l.ns m ight w in i n 1 964.
E' .
c leE'r
U nder t hese
c ircumstE'.ncE's, i t w ould hE'.ve b een m ore l ogic(l.l f or r .ight-wing c onspirE".tors t o )
w~i t
u ntil E".fter t he 1964i e lect±..on t o c onsider t he
" necessi t y" o f E'.ssE'.ssinE'.tion.
hEwe w i t hdr(l.wn
~he
T he c ontention t hE'it K ennedy w ould
V ietnam f orces i s o f d ubiious' v plidi t y.
K enneth .
O 'Donnell, i m h is b ook J Johnny We HE".rdly K new We, c lfl.ims t hpit KennedYT
s trted i n 1 963 thE".t h e w ould w i t hdr['.w t he' t ro :o,ps ['.fter t he 1 964
e lection.
I f t his i s t rue, t hen we m ust w onder why O 'Donnell wfI.iteQ;
n ine yefl.rs t o mr.ke t he r evelfl.tion.
l e(l.st, l et u s
~. ssume
thro·t K ennedy
V ieiinpm b y t he e nd o f 1 965.
F or t he s(I.ke o f E '.rgument,
W E'$
(1.11
p l(l.nning t o w i thdrE".w f rom ·
TIf GoldwE".ter w ere e lected, t here w ould
s tiill rem(l·in c onsidert:'.ble t ime t o r everse t he w i t hdrE'.wfll p o l ic;W.
I lf K ennedy w ere r e-elected, i t w ould l efl.ve E'.n y w ould-be conspii.rro.tors
m ore thE'.n E'. y err t o plE'.n (l.nd cE'.rry o ut Eln 8 ;ssaasinE'.t:Lon.
Giv.em· the..
p rospect o f E". G oldwflter cE".ndidE"cy, i t i s hE".rd t o b elieve t h(lt i ntelligent, rE".tionfl-l r ight-winge-rs· - would n ot hEW€:, b een w illing t o
g ive t he e lector['.l p rocess E". chE".nce.
TIt mus-t n lso b e r emembered t hE'·t t he l eft w ing hE'.d E"mple reE'·son'
�- 29
t o b e d issf?I.tisfied w ith K ennedy.
T he
B~. y
Cub~ . n
o f P igs, t he
M issile
c ri s is, Elnd t he g enerf?ll EI.nti-corrununist t one o f t he K ennedy A dministr8.tion El.ngered mEl.n y o n t he rf?l.dicf?l·l l eft.
GEI.rry W ills, i n N ixon
A goni8te8, mEl.kes f?I. s trong cEl.se f or r egElrding K ennedy f?l.S t he m ost
e xtreme C old WEI.rrior t he P residency hf?l.d y et s een.
T he mEl.kers o f
" Executive A ction rl c ould eEl.sily hElve i nserted l eft-wing c onspirf?ltors
Elnd l eft t he r est o f t he f ilm
int~ct.
T he r esult w ould b e j ust
~s
u nconvincing.
T his i s n ot t o SEJ.y thEl.t t he WEI.rren C orrunission R eport i s t he
f inEl.l w ord o n t he EI.ssf?l.ssinEl.tion.
I n f E\ct, t here i s s trong c ircum-
stEl.ntiEll e vidence t o i ndicEl.te t hElt L ee Hf?I.rvey OswEI.ld d id n ot P .ct
EI.lone.
He WElS, b y m ost E I.ccounts,
r ifle h e o wned
WE'.S
fl.
p oor mf?l.rksmEln, f).nd t he t ype o f
n otoriously u nreliE'.ble.
T he f Elilure o f t he
W 8rren C ommission t o p ublish t he f .'.utopsy p hotogrE'.phs e ncourEt.ges
s pe CU18 t ion t hE'.t m ore thEl.n o ne f l.ss8.ssin W8.S i nvolved.
l ikely t h8.t
[ I.
c onspirE'.cy o f s ome s ort d id e xist.
B ut
r emember, r equires o nly t wo p ersons w orking t ogether.
I t i s e ven
c onspirCl.c;y;',
fl.
I t mEly hE'.ve
b een n othing m ore c omplicfl.ted t h8.n OSWE'ld 8.nd n n 8 .ccomplice,
s hooting f rom t wo d ifferent l ocptions.
To s uggest t h8t i t WE'.S r ight-
wing b usinessmen, o r C ommunists, o r w h8tever, i s t o e ngf.'ge i n t he
w ildest s peculEl.tion.
T he ff.'.ct o f t he m8.tter i s thE'.t El.ny ( or n one)
o f t he e xisting t heories c ould b e t rue.
some dElY b e k nown.
P erh8.ps t he t ruth w ill
I t i s m ore l ike l y, h oweve r , t hl'.t t he m oti v 8.tions
b ehind P resident K ennedy's f .'.ssf1.ssinE'.tion w ill n ever b e known:.
" Executive A ction-" i s, i n mE'.ny Wf\.ys, 8. . p rovocC'.tive f ilm.
h istory.
I t i s n ot
�
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/studentOmeka/files/original/Vol._01_num._2_Clio_-_1974/27/8.pdf
97d0721fcd6d4605a88399df2d8a7a21
PDF Text
Text
HISTORY NEWSLETTER
P hi Alpha Theta i s a n I nternational H istory Honor S ociety and i s
composed o f t hose who have e xcelled i n t he s tudy o f H istory. A pplications
f or membership i n t he Sigma E ta C hapter o f Phi Alpha Theta a re b eing
a ccepted u ntil Monday, F ebruary 4, 1974. Requirements d ictate t hat s tudents
h old a 301 a verage i n H istory ( at l east 12 s emester h ours) and a 3 .0 a verage
i n t wo-thirds o f o ther c ourses. The a pplication f ee i s $20.00, which i ncludes
l ifetime membership dues. P lease c ontact Rich Ducey (Box 482) o r t he H istory
Department f or f urther i nformation.
******************
T his s amester t he H istory Department i s i nvolved i n a p ilot
prograln. American P erspectives ( Section 6 ) i s u tilizing a team approach,
and what i s u nique about i t i s t he f act t hat t horo a re s tudents t aking
p art i n t he t eaching, The f our s enior u ndergraduate t eaching a ssistants
a re J oan Zawacki, Rich G allagher, Rich Ducey, and Gary S utcliffe. Jack
F riel i s t he g raduato member and Dr. H erbert J anick i s t he f aculty
membor. This experiment w ill a ttempt t o p rovide a c ourse i n which t he
s tUdent i s a p articipant r ather t han a n o bserver. A pproximately s ixty
[r~-;ldents a re e nrolled i n t he c ourse and each t eaching a ssistant a nd
Dr'. J allick w ill bo r osponsible f or a bout t en s tudents. I t o ffers a n
n lternativo s olution t o t he problems o f l arge e nrollments and a s hortage
of' facult~y.
******************
Tho t hird segment o f t he H istory D epartment's L ecture S eries w ill
b e b e p resentod MOnday, F ebruary 11, 1974, a t 4,00 PM i n t he S tudent
Union. Profe;: ,':) r Bigelow Cushman p a n E nglish p rofessor who s pecializes
t n American s'(",udies, w ill g ive a t alk e ntitled "American DocumentG I
U terature and H istory." The theme o f P rofessor Cushman's l ecture
w ill b e t he ways i n which American l iterature c an b e used a s a n
h istorical s ource. A ll s tudents and f aculty a re i nvited t o a ttend.
******************
The t hird i ssue o f CLIO i s s cheduled f or t he end o f March. The
s taff r equests c ontributions f or t he i ssue. There i s no s pecific theme
f or t his i ssue, so p apers c oncerning anY a spect o f h istory a re
a cceptable. S tudents who w rote term p apers l ast s emester may b e
i nterested i n s ubmitting them a t t his t ime f or p ublication. P lease
c ontact Rich Ducey (Box 482).
******************
The H istory S ociety w ill p resent two f eature f ilms t his s emester,
"The l ast H urrah" and "The Poppy i s Also a F lower." The d ates w ill b e
announced s hortly. The c lub i s a lso r equesting a dditional f unds from
t he SGA i n o rder t o p resent a D.W. G riffith 5,ymposium i n March o r A pril.
A d ecision i s e xpected s hortly. S tudents who a re i nterested i n j oining
t he H istory S ociety a re u rged t o c ontact Rich G allagher (Box 1824).
******************
Sharon Noel g raciously a ccepted t ho r esponsibility o f t yping t his
i ssue o f CLIO and we on t he s taff would l iko t o e xvrOBS o ur appreci~tion
t o Sharon f or a j ob w ell done.
�
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Vol. 01, num. 2, Clio - 1974
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Western Connecticut State University. Department of History
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1974-05-01
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
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1974 Clio, v1, 2
Publisher
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Western Connecticut State College
Date
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1973-11-01