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Chicago, IL
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BOOKS BY UPTON SINCLAIR
THE BRASS CHECK
A S t u d y of American Journalism-Who
b
'
Owns the Press a nd W h y ?
you read your daily paper, are you reading facts or p rqmganda? And whose
;an< "
~ u m ~ ~ uhesraw material for your thoughts about life? k i ummt material?
te
d,
No man can ask more important questions than these; and here f ar , + " P > ~ S ~ifpe the
t
I
auestions are answered in a book.
SLk
T HE JUNGLE
This novel, first published i;p 1906, caused an international sensation. I t was the best
selling book in the United States for a year; also in Great Britain and its colonies. I t
was translated into seventeen languages, and caused an investigation by President
Roosevelt, and action by Congress. The book has been out of print for ten years, and
is now reprinted by the author at a lower price than when f i s t published, although the
cost of manufacture has since more than doubled.
T h e B tory of a Patriot
Would you like to go behind the scenes and see the "invisible government" of your
country saving you from the Bolsheviks and Reds? Would you like to meet the secret
agents and provocateurs of "Big Business," to know what they look like, how they
talk and what they are doing to make the world safe for democracy? Several of these
gentlemen have been haunting the home of Upton Sinclair during the past three years
and he has had t ke <dea of turning the tables and investigating the investigators. He
has put one of khem, Peter Gudge by name, into a book, together with Peter's ladyloves,
and his wife, and his boss, and a whole group of his fellow-agents and employers.
KING COAL
A N ovel of t he Colorado Coal Country
<6
Clear, convincing, complete," Lincoln Steffens. "I wish that every word of it 'could
be burned deep into the heart of every American," Adolph Germer.
THE PROFITS OF RELIGION
A study of supernaturalism as a source of ipcome and a shield to privilege. The first
investigation of this subject ever made in any language.
( A l l t he above books: 6 0c p aper, $1.20 cloth, postpaid. A n y three copies: paper, $1.50; cloth, $3.00.)
T HE BOOK OF LIFE
Volume One-Mind and Body. A book of practical counsel. Discusses truth an$ i ts
standards, and the basis of health, both mental and physical Tells people how t~ live,
in order to avoid waste and pain, and to find happiness and achieve progress. Cloth,
$1.75 ; paper, 80c.
THE CRY FOR JUSTICE
An anthology-of the literature of social prokest, with an introduction by Jack London,
who calls it "this humanist Holy-book." Thirty-two illustrations, 891 pages. Cloth,
$1 50 ; paper, $1.00. Order from
UPTON SINCLAIR, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA
D istributors t o the book trade:
The Paine Book Company, 75 West Van Buren Street, Chicago, Illinois
i
h' r
�THE LABOR HERALD
M arch. 1922
IWORLD'S F A M O U S BOOKS 1
LY
-
us&g compict, y et readable type, and good thin paper
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decorate shelves b ut t o enrich minds. These books a r e read.
The original price of these books is 2 5 c each, b ut t o
introduce them rapidly they have been ,offered a t 10c each.
This is a special introductory offer and lntended t o show the
publisher's confidence in the idea. Order by Mail.
TAKE YOUR PICK AT ONLY 1 0 ~ BOOK
A
142 Bismarck and the
German Empire.
Oscar Wilde. 51 Bruno: H is Life
80 pillars'of Society,
and Martyrdom.
Ibsen.
131 Redemption, Tolstoi. 147
and His
183 Realism i n Art and
Literature, Darrow.
177 Subjection of Wom-
1 9 Nietzsche: Who He
$FWeu
Was anA W hat He
Stood For.
I
Revolutionary Crisis
I GERMANY, ENGLAND,
I
4 3 M arriage and Di-
Maxims
i~,"2ufe~rrHT $ pgg;
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:
$
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thema
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1 307
"This 64-page book, with material drawn from Foster's trip
to Europe in 1921 and from his
wide reading of the labor news of
the world, describes the betrayal
of the revolution by the Majority
Socialists in Germany, the failure of the British Triple Alliance
in the great mine strike, the failure of the revolt led by the metal
workers in Italy, the scourge put
by the Fascisti on Labor following it, and the w r between the
a
radical and yellow unionists in
the C. G. T. i France."
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ITALY AND FRANCE"
I
O%EBIy
vorce, Horace
Greeles a nd Robert
Owen.
en, John S tuart Mill.
Poetrv
208 Debate on Birth
a nd
Control, Mrs. S enger
a nd Winter Russell.
Khaeam.
~
~
~
~
n 236 f airs of ~ e n ;r VIII. n
~ State and H eart Af~
~
yi
g E~igrallls
129 Bome or Reason, In73 Whitman's Poems.
E arnest, Oscar Wade. 50
gersoll and Manning.
common
56 Wisdom of Ingersoll
2 Wilde's Reading Jail.
31 Pelleas and Meli106 Aphorisms, G. Sand. 32 Poe's Poems.
122 Spiritualism, Conan
168 Epigrams 0. wild.. 164 Michael a e - o ' s
Doyle and M cCaba
l
88 ?ngersoll. n of Pain., 59 ~ pigrams'ofWit.
I si'~atio
171 H as Life Me-?
Sonnets.
F an, Oscar Wilde.
35 Maxims, Rochefou33 Smasher of Shams.
71 Poems of Evolution. 206 Capitalism vs. Socialism Seligman
Fiction
163 Sex Life i n Greece
cau~.
146 Snow-Bound, Pied
a nd ~ e a r i n g .
Piper.
6 De M aupassant's
154 Witticisms, I e
214 and Rome. Lincoln. 197 Epigrams of Dbsen.
Speeces of
9 G reat English Poems. 1 3 I s Free Will a Fact
s tories.
or a Fallacy?
79 Enoch Arden,
15 Balzac's Stories.
Humor
180 Sevigne. G. B.
Epigrams,
234 McNeal-Sinelair
Tennyson.
One Of C1eopatra's
18 I dle Thoughts of an
s haw.
Debate on Socialism.
6 8 Shakespeare's
Nights, Gautier.
I dle Fellow Jerome. 155 Maxims Napoleon.
Sonnets.
5 8 Boeeaccio's
Miscellaneous
20 L et's ~ a u g Nasby. 113 p roveris of England 173 Vision of Sir
i
45 Tolstoi's Stories.
192 Book of Synonyms.
106 English a s s h e Is
114 Proverbs of France.
Lannfal.
12 Poe's Tales.
25 Rh-g
D ictionar~r.
222 The Vampire and
145 Great Ghost Stories. z05
78 How to Be a n Orator.
Other Poems,
21 Carmen. Merimee.
Book.
117 Proverbs of Italy.
82 Common F aults in
Piing.
38 Dr. JekYu and Mr.
187 Whistler's Humor.
W riting English
118 P roverbs of Russia. 237 =rose Poems,
P
Hyde.
127 W hat Expectant
W it of einrich
119 Proverbs of Ireland.
Baudelaire.
27
Days of Con. 216 Heine, Heo. Eliot.
Mothers Should
G
120 Proverbs of Spain.
demned Man, Hugo.
mow.
121 Proverbs ofTArabia.
Science
lS1en Who
M
Be
"Bgzy&rk
181 Epigrams, horeau.
81 Care of the Baby.
ging, Plin!z
=
Twain.
228 Aphorisms, Huxley.
1 36 C hid Training.
47 H e Renounced the
137 Home Nursing.
~ a i t h~ a c London.
,
k
Literature
Philosophy,
14 W hat Every Girl
36 Soul of Man Under
Should Know, Mrs.
~P*<~&C~~:
Evolution, Baeckel.
socialism, O. Wilde.
Religion
Sanger.
100 Red Laugh,
F rom Monkey to
28 Toleration, Voitaire. 62 Schopenhaner's
34 Case for Birth
Andreyev.
Man.
Essays.
8 9 Love Letters of Men
Control.
148 Strength of the
1 B i5&ions
on MO&- 9 1 Manhood: Facts of
and Womenof Genius. 9 4 Trial a nd D eath of
Strong, London.
e rn Sdence, Huxley.
Socrates.
Life Presented to
S urvival of the
65 Meditations of MarMen.
105
6 0 ~~n~~~~ E ssayr
Emerson's
cus Aurelius.
Fittest. Tichenor.
8 3 Marriage: Past,
102 sherlock Holmas
44 Aesop's Fables.
84 Love Letters of a
Present and Future,
Tales.
165 Discovery of the FuBesant.
161 Country of t he Blind, 26 Nun.
h u e H G. We&.
.
74 On Threshold of Sex.
On Going to Church,
H. G. w ens.
p laied.
9 8 HOW t o Love.
Shaw.
96 ~ ial'oguesf Plato.
o
85 Attack
On
61 Tolstoi's Essays.
103 Pocket Theology,
H v~notism ade
M
172 Evolution of Love,
Z oh.
176 F our Essay* Ellis.
Voltaire.
p-1
h5 .
Key.
I nsects and Men:
209 Aspects of Birth
History,
160 shakespear:,
132 Foundations of
Instinct and Reason,
Ingersoll.
Rewon.
Control, Medical,
Darrow.
Biography
75 Choice of B O O ~ S ,
138 Studzes i n FessimMoral, SociologicaL
Eugenics, Ellis.
143 Pope Leo o n So126 History of Rome.
Carlyle.
ism, Schopenhauer.
211 I dea of God in Na76 p rince of Peace,
c
128 Caesar: Who He
Series of Debates 152 Fialimu
oundations of
Was.
Bryan.
e r e , J ohn S. Mill.
86 On Reading, Brandes 212 L lfe and Character,
11 Debase o n Religion,
Labor Movement,
185 History of Printing
John H. Holmes and
Phillius.
176 Science of History,
95 Confessions of An
Goethe.
Geor e Bowne.
SO - fiattLife Means
200 I gnorant PhilosOpium Eater.
Froude.
39 ~ i d sus E ver Live7I
ef
188 How Voltaire Fooled
opher, Voltaire.
t o Me. Jack London.
52 Voltaire, Victor
1 01 T houghts of Pascal. 130 Controversy on
Priest and King.
9 3 How t o Live 100
Hugo.
Christianity, I nger3 1 8 Essays Voltaire. 224 God: Known and
125 W ar Speeches of
soll and Gladstone. 1167 % ? t k c h on Health.
Woodrow Wilson.
213 Lincoln, d ~gersoll.
Unknown, Butler.
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LEAGUE, Publishers. "Entrd a s 2nd class matter applied for at the postoffice. Chicago. Ill., under ACT of March 3. 1879."
Vol. I.
MARCH, 1922
99
NO. 1
The Principles and Program of
The Trade Union Educational League
N every country buit one an advanced state
I
of capitalism, has produced a highly developed trade union movement. The single
exception is the United States. Here we have
a very elaborate industrial system and the
world's most militant and powerful capitalist
class, butt, paradoxically enough, a trade union
movement which, for general weakness and
backwardness, has few if any equals in the predominantly industrial countries.
No matter what vital phase of our trade
union movement we consider we must admit, if
we are honest, that the workers in other lands
are ahead of us. In ithe important matter of
numerical strength, for instance, we make a
wretched showing. At present, considering the
ravages made in our ranks by the employers,
it is doubtful if we have as many as 4,000,000
trade unionists in this country, or about 1
unionist to each 27 of the general population.
England, by contrast, has approximately 7,500,000 trade unionists, or about 1in each 6 of her
44,000,000 people. Germany shows even better,
with over 12,000,000 trade unionists, or about
1in each
of her 55,000,000 population. In
other words, the English trade union movement
is proportionately about 4 times as strong numerically as ours, and that of Germany 6 times
as strong. For the American unions to be as
large as those of Germany, considering the
difference in the size of the two nakions, they
would have to have no less than 24,000,000
ih
members. Compare this giant figure w t the
paltry 4,000,000 members that our unions now
possess and one gets an idea of how far behind
we are in this respect. In England and Germany (not to mention many other countries)
the mass of the working class has been organized. In the United States hardly a start has
yet been made.
Structurally our trade unions are equally
backward in development. The American labor
movement is the only important one in the
world which still remains based upon the
principle of craft unionism. In a ll other countries the main labor movements, accepting the
logic of capitalistic consolidation, have endorsed the principle of having one union in
each industry and have made great progress
towards is realization. Throughout the rest
of the world we f h d many single unions covering whole industries -such as building,
metal, railroad, general transport, clothing,
printing, etc.-that have been built up recently
by amalgamatingethe original craft organizations. Others are constantly being created. In
England the giant new Transport and General
Workers' Union amalgamation is taking place;
the Amalgamated Engineering Union is likewise making substantial headway towards its
goal of one union in the metal industry; and
in many orther trades the process of consolidation is going on apace. I n Germany the metal
workers, during the past few years, have completed their record-breaking industrial union,
which now counts 1,800,000 members; the railroad, postal, telegraph, and telephone workers,
already closely organized, are combining their
forces into a great organization of 1,500,000
members to control all forms of transportation
and communication; and the workers in the
other German industries are likewise closing
up their ranks rapidly. In Belgium the original
welter of craft unions has been hammered together into about a dozen industrial unions,
and plans are now being worked out to combine the whole movememt into one real union.
The Australian workers have also just gone
on record for a similar project.
The same rapid drift towards industrial
�4
.
L
THE L A B O R H E R A L D
March, 1922
March, 1922
idealism and social vision. I t has no SOUL It
has not yet raised the inspiring banner of working d ais emancipation. So far as its vague
conscious expressions go, it is still timidly and
blindly trying !to patch up wage slavery and
make it endurable. I t has still to learn that
the only solution of the labor struggle is by the
abolition of capitalism. I n this sad position
it &nds alone, for the workers of all other
important countries have long since defhitely
broken with capitalism. They look upon it as
an obsolete social system which must be eliminated. They are looking forward to the establishment of a new proletarian society in which
parasitic capitalists will be no more. They
d Ber widely as to how this great goal can be
asked, whether capitalism shall be abolished
pime by piece, as the Socialists propose, or all
at one blow, as the Communists and Syndicalists urge. B ut ,they are unanimous that
oapitalism must go. The American trade
unions are the only general body of organized
workers in t he world that; have not yet masin an tered this fundamental labor conclusion. And
Politieauy our trade
are
the result is a tremendous weakening in their
infantile condition. They have not yet adand fighting strength.
vanced to the point of even rodimentarly political class consciousness. Q hsfnlIy unaware
tha& t he class struggle rages i t he political
n
A striking illustration of this unparalleled
as well as in the industrial fidd, they a re still
capitalist intellectual timidity and conservatism comes to
trailing along in the t rain of
parties and shamefnlly begging favors from light in our ,trade unions' relaticins with the
them. Their Cause is a football f ar every po- labor organizations of other countries. There
litical crook in the country-to t he sad demor- are two world trade union federations, one
alization of the whole labor movement. The with headquarters in Amsterdam, and the
workers in other countries were once i n a simi- other in Moscow. T b Amsterdam Internalar boat, but they have all long since got away tional is reformist, and the Moscow Internafrom it. Some, the anti-political tendency, tional revolutionary. A ll t he important labor
o
have adopted the Syndicalist program of direct m o~ements f the world are afKliated with one
action on the political field through the trade or the other of these two Internationals-that
unions, and others, retaining their belief in is, all except ours. We stand aloof altogether
-political action, have built up extensive Labor, on the ground t hat both are too revolutionary.
Socialist, and Communist parties. But all of Even &e Anwterdam International, whose leadh
them, Syndioalbb, Laborites, Socialists, and ers nndoubteiQy saved capitalism in its greatCommun&ts, agree ugon class action in the est c rbis by dieeeatbg the recent revolutionary
political field. Thssy would laugh out of court uprisings i Germany, Italy, France, etc., is
n
any leader among thi& who dared advocate much too radical for us. Because its "revoluthe antediluvian no-el& political policy of the tionary" doct-rines mightt contaminate our pure
American trade union m vement. F or them bourgeois ideas, a nd for fear that our associathe adoption of such a pzogram would mean tion with seah a "terrible" organization would
discredit ns in the eyes of American exploiters,
turning the clock backward 4 generation
Another striking feature of our labor move- the American Federation of Labor, not long
ment's primitiveness is i ts unequaled lack of since, severed relations with t he Amsterdam In-
ternational. This made us t he laughing stock
of the international labor world, revolutionary
and reformist alike. When it comes to militancy of program we stand in a place by ourselves-at the very foot of the proces~ion. And
so it is with many other phases of our movement, which need not be cited here.
The general effect of the extreme political
and industrial wldevelopment of o m tradd
union movement has been to greatly weaken
the fighting power of the working class More
than ever this is evidenced by the present
world crisis in i n d u h y . Where= the trade
unions of other countries a re pretty much
holding their own, or in some cases even forgk g ahead, ours are in disordered retreat before
t he victorious employers. The latter, strongly
organized and controlling t he pr,ew, t he courts,
and practically every section of the local, state,
and national governments, are smashing the
unions right and left and making ducks and
drakes of the workers' political and industrial
rights. The crisis is serious and so generally
recognized that there is no need for us to
waste words over it here. S d c e to say that if
Organized Labor does not soon reorganize its
primitive craft unions into modern industrial
unions and infuse them with real fighting spirit
it will inevitably d e r crushing defeat, if not
actual annihilation.
unionism is i n evidence everywhere e x ~ e p i n
t
the United States. Here we are still sticking
in the mud of craft unionism and progressing
at only a snail's pace. Standpatism has become
an ingrained gospel with our trade union oi3cials. There is hardly a breath of progress
f
among them. They disregard the o b v i o ~act
t he
that as the capitalists close up their ra*
workers must do likewiie: W ith rare exceptions they are content to plod d ong with anywhere up to 20 or 30 autonomous Unions in the
various industries and to consider such a prirnitive condition, with all i ts r esdtant c raft scabbery and weakness, as the highest praclioal
stage of ltrade union organization. The man
- ' , who proposes common sense amalgamation
along industrial lines they consider a dreamer,
if not a disruptive fanatic. From the s tmdpoint of structure the American labor movement is at about the p o w of .development that
- the European unions were 15 years ago.
'I
THE LABOR HERALD
eons
'H
5
nationalities. And the second goea counter
to all our labor history. Time and again the
workers in this co11ntry have given convincing
evidence of their aggressive spirit and adaptabiliw to advanced types of unionism. A generation or so ago, during the stormy 'BOs, our
trade union movement unquestionably led the
world for militancy. And since that tiat? our
industrial history has been marked with a
whole series of strikes, as bitterly fought as
any ever known anywhere. In view of these
facts it is idle to maintain that our workers
are naturally unmilitant.
The true explanation for the undevelopment
of American trade unionism v a s t be sought
elsewhere. And it is to be found in the wrong
methods used by our progressive and revolutionary unionists. Until quite recently they
have failed utterly to realize and perform their
proper functions. For a generation past they
have been working contrary to the natural
evolution of the labor movement The result
is stagnation and ruin all around.
One of the latest and greatest achievements of
working class thinking, due chiefly to the experiences in Russia, is a clear understanding of
the fundamental proposition that the fate of all
labor organization in every country depen* primarily upon the activities of a minute minority
of clear-sighted, enthusiastic militants scattered
throughout the great organized masses of slugTHE SOURCE F O m TROUBLES
O
Whence comes the ultra-conservatism and gish workers. These live spirits are the natural
extraordinary backwardness of the American head of the working class, the driving force of
trade union movement B What causes the seem- the labor movement. They are the only ones
ing paradox in this country of a very high' who really understand what the labor struggle
degree of capitalism producing a very low de- means and who have practical plans for its
prosecution. Touched by the divine fire of progree of labor organization ?
Many are the answers made to this great letarian revolt, they are the ones who furnish
riddle of the American labor movement. The inspiration and guidance to the groping masses.
chief of these are, first, that the conglomera- They do the bulk of the thinking, working and
Q hting of the labor struggle. They run the
of races here,
greatly
the dangers of death and t he
jails. Not
'Waetion
has
checked only are they the burden bearers of the labor
the spread of trade unionism ; and, second, that
movement,
also its brains and heart and
the warkers i n this country, because of its
sod. In everg
where these vital milibonanaa development, have enjoyed more pros- tants fanction
among t he organieed
perity t han European workers and have Come- masses the labor movement flourishes and prosq u e n t l ~ een rendered almost immune to mili- pers. But wherever, 'for any reason, the milib
tant organization.
tants fail to so function, just as inevitably the
But these answers a re altogether unsatisfac- whole labor organizatisn withers and stagnates.
tory. The f ist is discounted by , the f act t hat The activities of the militants are the "key7, to
some of the very best unions we have, notably the labor movement, the source of all its real life
in the needle trades, are made up of many and progress,
�T H E L A B 0R H E R A L D
6
V- E m I
;STAGNATION
Hw
I n other countries the militants, even while
not consciously aware of the above prinoiples,
have quite generally acted in harmony wilih
them. They have stayed in t he old trade &
and, through their organization, activity, and
determination, have been able to take t he l a d
i n directifig t he workers' struggle. Theg: have
communicated something of theix own &.a and
understanding t o t he msms, with the resnlt t hat
their labor movements have b&n comtantly
pushed onward-intell-ye
structurally, and
numericany-to higher and higher stages.
B ut in the United States t he militants, pro, gr@~es and r adials alike, have taken a reverse conrse. F vr fully
years they have
s ystematidly deserted and neglected %e trade
h
.unions. ABtioted with a dwonic m i o n i r a m ,
they have attracted the o v e p w h e ~ am d
m
the livest spirits among the workera to t he f utile
projects of building up a ll s o r b of d u d m0 1
i18
based upon ideal prinuples. Thus the trade
union movement has been sueked 'dry of thousands and thousands of the best militants, the
very elements who should have been its life
hus its development has been
springs, a nd t
blocked, its progress poisoned at the source. By
the desertion of the militants the unknowing
a~
masses have been i n t & & ~ nd spiritually
decapitated. Leaderless, helpless, they have been
left to the uncontested.contro1 of a conservative
trade union bureaucracy, which has hardly a
traee of real proletarian nnderstanding and
Bropess anywhere in its makeup. I n view of
tbk situation it would be a miracle if t he
ieah labor movement, with its most vital fa&m
praotically cancelled, were in any other condi& k one of extreme backwardness.
D u d ~ n i mthe set policy of secessionism,
,
which h R@@mated the Life-giving militants
@
s
from the cuni%emmeorganized m a s s e t h a t i
the prime cause of t he stagnation of the American labor movemeplt. That is t he underlying
reason for onr ap-mt
paradox of the m s
ot
aggressive capitalist i 3 - side by side with the
most weakly orgheaed working class. Dual
unionism has hamsh e r i m Labor.
'
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March, 1922
March, 1922
sionist tendency that has negated their efforts
for so long; and, second, they must thoroughly
organize themselves within the trade unions for
the effective application of their boundless energies and dynamic programs. When this is accomplished, then, and then, only, can we look
forward confidently t o the American labor movement taking i ts proper place in the forefront of
the world 's t rade union organization-a position
which it occupied thirty or forty years ago, before its militants became poisoned and ruined
by d u d utopianism.
Substantial progress is now being made towards the accomplishment of these two vital essentials. I n the &t place, the militant rebels
are f i e i n g themselves from dual unionism with
wonderful rapidity; and in the second place,
they a re everywhere forming the necessary
propaganda groups within the organized masses
of trade unionists. The organization through
which this new and most important movement of
militant&is taking shape is The Trade Union
Educational League.
The Trade Union E ducatiod League is an
informal grouping of the progressive and re&
lutionary elements throughout the entire trade
union movement; a potent means to assist these
militants in the performance of their natural
functions as the brain and backbone of the organized m s e s . It is not a dual union, nor is it
m t e d directly or indirectly with any such.
It does not h e charters, nor does it collect dues
or per capita tax. F or the revenue to c a v on
its work it 'depends upon voluntary donations
from supporters and sympathizers, profits from
the sale of Literatare, eto. It is simply a virile
edncationd league, operating within and in support of the trade unions, and by no means in
opposition to or in competition with them. It
is an auxiliary of the labor movement, not a substitute for it. It is identical with the movements
through whit& t he militants in other countries
t
have t r a ~ b m e dheir trade unions into real
@hting o rganhtions.
theories, tactics, structure, and leadership.
Instead of advocating the prevailing shameful
and demoralizing nonsense about harmonizing
the interests of Capital and Labor, it is f iing
t he workers' imagination and releasing their
wonderful idealism and energy by propagating
the inspiring goal of the abolition of capitalism
and the establishment of a workers' republic.
The League aggressively favors organization
by industry instead of by craft. Although the
craft form of union served a useful purpose in
t he early days of capitalism, it i s now entirely
out of date. In t he face of the great consolidation of the employers the workers must also
close up their ranks or be crushed. The multitude of craft unions must be amalgamated
into a series of industrial union&-one each for
the metal trades, railroad trades, clothing
trades, building trades, etc.-even a s they have
been in other countries. The League also aims
to put the workers of America in co-operation
with the fighting trade unionists of the rest of
the world. I t is flatly opposed to our present
pitiful policy of isolation, and it advocates
a%lktion to the militant international trade
union movement, known as the Red Trade
Union International. The League is campaigning against the reactionaries, incompetents,
and crooks who occupy strategic positions in
many of our organizations. It is striving to
replace them with militants, with men and
women unionists who look upon the labor movement not as a means for making an-easy living,
but as an instrument for the achievement of
working class emancipation. I n other words,
the League is working in every direction necessary to put life and ppirit and power into the
trade union movement.
E
,
--
W
~ M Tm %a
DN
OE
Two things are absolutely hdhpensable to the
further life and progress of our labor movemrt definitely and
ment: first, the militants m
finally r id themselves of the dual union seces-
How THE L E ~ ~ U E a m m s
O~
TEB x ? l ms P F ~ G I & B M
A u3 '
The Tnds U *rm Edwatioraal L e o g l ~pro@
poses to d e d o p trade unions from their
present antiqaakd a nd stagnant condition
into modern, powerfnl labor organizations
capable of waging successfnl warfare against
Capital. To this end it i s working to
revamp and remodel from top to bottom their
THE L A B 0R HERALD
E":
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The Trade Union Educational League groups
the militants two ways: by local'ities and
by industries.
In a ll cities and towns
general groups of militants of all trades
are formed to carry on the work of education
and reorganization in their respective localities.
These local general groups, to facilitate their
work, divide themselves into industrial sections--such as printing, building, textile, raill
road, metal, clothing, transport, etc. A l the
local general groups are kept in touch and
co-operation with each other through a national
corresponding secretary. Likewise, all t he
local industrial educational groups are linked
together nationally, industry by industry,
7
through their respective corresponding secretaries. Every phase and stage of the trade
union movement will have its branch of the
life-giving educational organization.
Let the railroad industry illustrate the general plan: In every important railroad center
there will be educational groups of railroad
men, not of single crafts, but of the whole sixteen in the industry. These local groups will
co-operate nationally through a secretary (a
volunteer unless the local groups find ways,
through donations, to pay him). A national
program will be established and a great drive
instituted to combine the sixteen squabbling
unions into one solid body. Amalgamation will
be made a burning issue all over the country
wherever railroad men meet and talk. From
the live wire section man in San Diego, California, to the rebel engineer in Portland,
Maine, the whole body of railroad militants
will move unitedly and irresistably to the
accomplishment of their task, the erection of
a great and powerful industrial union of railroad workers by the amalgamation and invigoration of the sixteen craft unions. The union
leaders refuse to carry out this absolutely indispensable project, so it i s up to the rank and
file militants to do it f or themselves.
The Trade Union Educational League will
make great use of pamphlets, bulletins,
journals, etc., in its educational work. I ts
official national organ is THE LABOR
HERALD, a monthly published at $2.50 per
year. THE LABOR HERALD is carrying a
burning message of constructive unionism and
solidarity to the discontented rank and fie. It
is filled from cover to cover with the living,
dynamic organization principles which can find
no place in our static, muzzled, dry-as-dust official trade union journals.
The launching of The Trade Union Educational Leagzce marks a turning point in American labor history. It is the beginning of an
era in which the trade unions, flourishing under
intensive cultivation by their organized militants, will gradually pass from their present
hopeless defensive fight into an aggressive attack
upon Capital, an attack which can end only
with the abolition of the wage system. The
program of The Trade Union Educa$ionalLeague
is the only possible effective answer to the
"Open Shop" drive of the employers; it is the
sole means by which the American working
class can take its proper place in the world
battle of Labor. unionists wilIing to co-operate
Active trade
in the work of the League are requested to
write to the undersigaed f or further information.
WM. Z. FOSTER, Sec'y-Treas.,
118 N. La Salle St., Chicago, I l
l.
Editor's Note: For outline of the League's immediate program, see article "A Call t o Action," elsewhere in this issue.
'
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T H E LABOR HERALD
B y Tom M a m
I
struggles between numerous sections of controllers of industrial establishments, financiers
and others, to conduct trading operations in
the interests of the respective sections of financiers, speculators, industrialists, etc., and
these sectional interests never by any chance
coincide with the interests of the community.
At the present time, middle of December, in
Britain there are two millions of totally unemployed workers, and as large a number of
only partially employed. The unemployed
with their dependents number about six millions of persons, out of a population of fifty
millions.
The Unemployment Insurance Act provides
benefits as follows : weekly benefit payable ;
men,, fifteen shillings ; women, twelve shillings; boys under 18, seven shillings and sixpence; girls under 18, six shillings. A married
man receives in addition, five shillings on account of his wife, and one shilling each for
each of four children. To entitle the workers
to this, workers and employers pay the following weekly amounts:
...........
Men
Women .........
Boys under 18.
Girls under 18..
..
7
pence.
6 pence.
3% pence.
3 pence.
Employers.
Employers.
Employers.
Employers.
8
pence
pence
pence
3% pence
7
4
I n addition those unions that provide unemployment benefits also pay usually from
five to fifteen shillings a week, this of course
in addition to the State benefit.
It is a matter for wonderment that the
principal trade unions, which have endeavored
to guard their members against the worst
evils of unemployment, sickness and accident,
should not have long ago endeavored to entirely eliminate the causes of unemployment.
Innumerable discussions have taken place
as to the best means of alleviating the effects
of unemployment, whilst the cure of the causes
therof have been comparatively neglected. The
modern conception of trade unionism does,
however, undertake this task. It holds that
it is not sufficient to organize the workers,
except as the preliminary essential to the organization of the work.
The objective of the up-to-date trade unionist is-The
organization of work in all its
forms so as t o provide adequately for the requirements of t he whole community. T o do
T H E LABOR HERALD
this it is necessary that the machinery of organization itself, i. e., the unions, must cease
to be sectional, and learn t o manifest solidarity, and aim at producing with the highest
efficiency, and distributing the product with
the truest equity.
Exactly b w t his w i i work out there is no
need to wpsry over, but it may safely be assumed that the most scientific methods of
production will always be resorted to, as this
will fit with highest standard of living, inciuciinn the fewest working hours consistent
with &at standard.
I l ave s e e r known such a large per cen' t age of unemployed in England and especially
in the Engineering Industry as we have at
present.' The Union of which I am a member,
' m e Amalgamated Engineering 'Union.," has
a membership bf 429,500. T he returns for
No%ember,just 40 hand, show t hat the number
sf unesnployed is 92, 272* o r 25.85%. There
is almost as many working s hort time, and in
addition there are 6,842 on sick benefit, and
6,5571 on superannuation benefit.
One contributary cause of this slump in industry was the outcome of the War settlement, which provided that Britain should have
a large percentage of the German ships. These
were taken over and sold to British shipowners a t a much lower rate than they could
be built f o r ; the direct result was t o throw
many thousands of men out of work in the
ship-building yards and the marine engine
shops. Similarly, with regard t o the coal
miners. W ar settlement terms provided that
Germany should supply France with many
millifins of Cons of coal annually. The providing of this coal had hitherto been done by
British colliers. Result:
unemployment
amongst miners in Britain on an unprecedent ed scale.
I a m pleased to say there are some signs of
improvement, though as yet not very pronounced. The t iq plate trade of South Wales
.is reviving. This of course means the steel
plates, tinned, for canned goods, etc., and past
experiences show that this trade is usually
I
The Situation in Great Britain
N order to live we must eat. To live well
we must have enough to eat and to wear. The
food we eat and the clothes we wear can only
be obtained by labor. Industry is carried on
in order to bring into existence the requisites
of life, but if for any reason a sufficiency is
not produced or, being produced it is not
reasonably distributed, it may hapen, and it
commonly does happen, that many are insufficiently fed and clothed, and inadequately
hdused.
Time was when man was unable to work
effectively to bring into existence a sufficiency
for all to have enough. Owing t o the growth
of knowledge in modern civilized life we possess the power to produce enough for all, not
for some portions of the year, but for the
whole year round and for every year.
I t is not a matter of conjecture, it is a thoroughly established fact, that there is on and
in the earth a super-abundance of raw material, out of which all our requirements can
be obtained, and it is equally an established
fact, that man's power over this material is
such, that if this power is wisely directed, an
abundance for all can be produced with the
utmost ease.
Although these basic facts are admitted,
we are confronted with abject poverty in
every country, not less so amongst the most
industrially advanced, as well as in those
relatively backward.
Europe of course is experiencing exceptional
economic difficulties at present, as a result of
the Great War, but prior to the war there never
was a time when the whole of the people in
any country had a sufficiency ; in England, concurrently with an ever increasing wealth producing capacity, there has continued as an
ever accompanying corrollary, a per centage
of unemployed workers, who in consequence
of unemployment are wageless and therefore
subjected to serious privation.
It would seem that notwithstanding t he ever
increasing power to bring into existence the
necessaries and comforts of life, that those
who accept responsibility for managing industry never aim at concerted action either to
ascertain total amounts required, or at providing a sufficiency for all.
It is left to the chance forces of competitive
Mar&, 1922
March, 1922
-
first affected. The prospect of a settlement
of the Irish problem is also having a good effect, and there is m doubt if it proves to be
a settlement of the k oubles between the British Government and t he Irish, that a substantial quickening of industrial interests will follow-and probably solidarity will characterize
the workers of both countries.
It is too early to g auge t he probable effects
of the Washington Conference, but there are
many in this counfry who believe that the
T OM MANN
result will be the allaying of international
friction for a time, and that there will probably
be a few years' spell of industrial activity. It
seems to me likely that this will be so, and
this will be the time for the workers to perfect
their organizations and t o become clear as
regards ideals. There is no need for despondency. Humanity is slow in traveling upward, but there is no doubt a t all about it
really traveling. The organized workers must
have a g reater share in social e t r o 1 t han
hiiherto.
CLOSE U P YOUR RANKS!
The employing class is solidly organized. The workers mu& likewise close up
their ranks. The time has come whm w e must fuse our craft d o n s so that there
is only one union f or each industry. We must do this or be c r ~ ~ h e d .
!.
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8
.Ubu(l-
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9
�10
T H E LABOR HERALD
The Industrial Court - Dead
B y John Dorsey
-
I
T I S two years now since the State Legislature passed Governor Allen's law to stop
strikes-the Industrial Court Law-but ~ v e
a re still having strikes in Kansas. The miners of District 14 have kicked this anti-strike
law around so much that nobody in this part
of the country pays any more attention to it.
I noticed that the packinghouse workers went
out on strike when they g ot ready, and the
Industrial Court didn't even try to stop them.
No, the law didn't stop strikes in Kansas, and
the whole idea of chaining men to their jobs
by law has been pretty thoroughly discredited.
We paid a big price for this result. District
14 has been living on short rations for a long
time; Howat and Dorchey had to lay in jail
for awhile, and so did many of our best rank
and file fighters. Our union is fighting for
life right now. But we have one consolation:
The Industrial Court Law is as dead as a doornail. The workers of America owe that to
us.
I said the Industrial Court is dead, but maybe I am speaking too quickly. There is a
chance that it will come back to life again,
after all. It was dead, sure enough, and
everybody knew it. But John L. Lewis, the
International President of our organization,
sent his men down here with the pulmotor,
and they are trying their best to pump the
breath of life back into it. The bosses tried
by all means to establish the anti-strike law
in Kansas. The Governor, the legislature, the
press, the militia, injunctions, jails, special
LC
vagrancy" ordinances against strikes-all
these instruments and some others were
brought into play to put over the anti-strike
law, and the net result was total failure as far
as we miners were concerned. They couldn't
make it stick. We went on strike just the
same as ever, and the workers in other organized trades did the same. But now the
International President of dur Union is on
the job using all the power of his office to
break up our district organization and make
us submit. If t he Industrial Court Law is
finally put over, John L. Lewis will be the
man who did the job.
When Howat and Dorchey went to jail last
March, 1922
March, 1922
September the Kansas miners again came out
on a general strike in protest. We stayed
out for over three months to prove to the
world that the Industrial Court Law could
cause strikes, but couldn't stop them. I t was
a bitter struggle. The coal operators, the
Governor, the courts, the state troops, the
county officials and the "Provisional Government" of our union, set up by President
Lewis, all worked hand in hand to drive us
back to work; but their combined forces only
succeeded in getting a few hundred to break
ranks. The District as a whole stood solid
until the strike was called off on January 12
by Howat on the ground that we had thoroughly discredited the Industrial Court Law,
and that further demonstration was not
needed.
The general strike made the Court look like
a joke. Our enemies didn't think we would
have the nerve to do it again, after all we had
gone through, but we did it. The members
of the Industrial Court got cold feet, and went
back to Topeka. The business men and the
coal operators began to holler for a compromise. They had Howat and Dorchy in jail
but they couldn't get the miners back to work.
Howat said: "We never denied that they
could pass a law to put men in jail; but we
do deny that they can stop strikes by law.
They have got us in jail, but they have also
got the strike. You can't stop strikes by law
in Kansas because the Kansas miners will not
obey such a law."
It was at this point that John L. Lewis
took a hand in the game. While Howat and
Dorchey were in jail, they were removed from
office and expelled from the United Mine
Workers of America for life. Our District
Executive Board was deposed. The charter of our District organization was revoked,
and a "Provisional GovernmentJJappointed to
take charge. They ordered the miners to go
back to work. For three months they tried
every' means to break the strike. They
worked hand in glove with all the other tools
of the coal operators. Thomas Harvey, the
s herips brother, was appointed secretary of
the district organization. Van Bitfner, the
special representative of the International,
I
.
'
THE LABOR HERALD
chummed around with the state and county
officials. A little conversation that I chanced
to hear shows this well:
I was in the District Courtroom one day
during the strike, to attend a damage suit.
Right after adjournment, the Judge inquired
for the Sheriff. The stenographer spoke up:
"Did you try Van Bittner's? I usually get
him there i f he isn't in his office."
Thcf g ot a few hundred men t o desert us.
S evmd mines started up, and Van Bittner began to give out optimistic interviews in t he
capitalist papers. He made arrogant claims
about "breaking the strike." using about the
same manner and language that the big packing companies were using a t the same time
about the strike of the packinghouse workers.
The members of the Industrial Court plucked
up courage tp come back to Pittsburg to look
the situation' over. Governor Allen, who had
been singing mighty low about his law t o stop
strikes, again began to issue statements denouncing Howat and the "foreignersJ' who supported him. So far it had been a man% fight:
a t this point the women took a hand.
I t was done by the women themselves, on
their own motion. No men were allowed to
take part, so I can only tell about it as it was
told to me by some of those who took part in
t he action. They organized into an "armyJJ
about four o'clock on the morning of December 13. Led by a woman with a baby in her
arms, they marched to the working mines.
From one shaft to another they went, routing
out the scabs and chasing them away like so
many outcast dogs. The papers made it out
to be a sort of peaceful demonstration, but
from what they told me there was nothing
"lady-like" about the way they handled those
they went after.
They took the lunch buckets from the scabs,
and threw the contents a t them. An Austrian
woman with a Chaplin-like sense of humor
took a fiendish delight in searching the buckets
f or custard pie. Woe to the man in whose
bucket she found it. They tore one fellow's
trousers off and sent him flying home across
the cold prairie in his shirt, "like a rabbit,"
they told me. They made the scabs swear allegiance to the strike while they poured, cold
cpffee from their own lunch buckets over their
&ads. "It was no "tea-party," I suggested to
the group of Italian women who were telling
me about it with twinkling eyes and enthusiastic gestures. "No ! No !," t hey laughed, "coffeeparty."
Btit t he strike has been called off now, and
Alex Howat is down at the Indianapolis Con-
11 '
vention to appeal to the delegates from all over
the country to uphold the Kansas Miners and
keep them in the qrganization. F or a time
there was a little imesponsible talk about an
'independent union,' but that was quickly sat
on. The Kansas Miners are a part of the
MINERS' WOMENFlOLK MARCHING
United Mine Workers of America, and they
a re going t o remain there. They are the last
ones in the country to split the ranks. They
are now preparing for the expected national
strike, and you can bet that if it comes off, and
all other districts hold as solid as District 14
will, the strike will be won. Kansas has had
more than her share of the fighting, but we
can go anoth& one if we have to.
Union Subscriptions
If y our union is a real live one, every
member will want to read THE LABOR
HERALD. W e expect to find many such,
so we have figured out a suecial subscrivtion price for-unions which want to s&scribe for their members and distribute the
magazines a t the union meeting. The ratea
f or bundles sent to secretaries for distributJon o r sale among the members are as
follows :
25 copies, $3 per month or $36 per year.
5? copies,a$6 per month or $72 &r year.
75 copies, $9 per month or $Mi3 p er year.
100 copies, $12 per month or $I44 per year.
Take this up in your llnisn i f you think
they are a real bunch of unionists there
and know a good l abar axagazine when
they see it. Let us l n w hat the results
em
of your attempts are, even if t hey don't
order the first time- The best kind of propaganda for a &S
I
subscription is to get
a small bundle on4 .sell t hem in t he meeting before you
the matter up. Get
busy, and pa-ur
union on the map1
%
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�12
T H E LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
March, 1922
B y Paul Dupres
R
3
the prevailing restriction of popular rights in
Russia in an abominable tyranny and disgrace
to the sacred cause of revolution generally.
Now wheilce comes this undeniable limitation of free speech, free press, and free assembly? Is it because, as all the above types
declare, Lenin, Trotzsky and the rest are
heartless oppressors of the same stripe as the
old Czars? Or is there another and deeper
reason? In view of t'he clamor that has been,,
raised and the unfavorable propaganda ma&,
againsf Russia, it will be well for us to look
into the matter a little.
For all those who have had to do with thk
working masses in great struggles, and the
Russian revolution is above all a tremendous
mass struggle, the situation, is or should be,
quite clear and understandable. These practical leaders know that in such severe tests of
the workers' courage and endurance the supreme thing that must be striven for is solidarity, a united front against the enemy. This
can be achieved only through a rigid discipline,
which. in turn, inevitably involves a h eaw
restriction of the rights o free speech, free
f
press, etc. Every strike makes clear this fundamental proposition 'of mass action. When
we understand why the workers, during struggles against employers under capitalism, deny
themselves freedom of expression in their
trade unions, then we will understand why
they have taken similar action in the Russian
revolution.
The Mas- On Strike
All strikes are marked with a strong suppression of the workers' rights of free expression in their organizations. In the early stages
of such struggles this suppression is the work
of the mass itself, later on it is done by a small
minority. At the outbreak of nearly all strikes
the discipline is practically spontaneous. Deeply infected with strike fever, the masses
enter enthusiastically into the struggle. EverythingJooks rosy to them; they can see victory
just 'around the corner. They are altogether:.
intolerant of dissenters and critics. No matter how fernperate or justiiied t he latter may
be they are promptly dubbed company agents
or fools a d then sat upon instantly. Under
such circumstances "free sneech" is- altoeether
x
-a t a discount. What rev ails is a snontaneous
mass discipline.
0
secretary, Red T
ernational
13
But as the strike wears on a
profound change takes place.
Discipline vs. Freedom In Russia
EVOLUTIONS are eammonly urged f or
the purpose of estah&hiagl in addition
to many other deslral$lities, t he most
complete freedom of s p e d 9p ass, and assembly. Yet, strange t o say8 & fidllhssian evoluR
tion, the most profortnd in history, has fallen
far short of this BQL~.B %spIa, a s everyone
knows, there are dr;%s& 1imita;tions upon the
right of the people to freely speak and write
their thoughts. Indeed, this r ight is very
q rgely restricted t o t he membership of the
Communist party, and 'it finds but limited expression even i h e .
This state of a.fEa$rs has brought the Russian
*
revolution a lot o - ahcedaaeous condemnation. Capitalists mati their hangers-on, yellow
Socialists of the Sgptrgb type, petty bourgeois
labor leaders like .Mr. Gompers, theoretical
Anarchists of the Emma Goldman persuasion,
etc., etc., have raised their voices in energetic
protest. Each gives his complaint ehe necessary twist to conform to his particular philosophy or hypocricy, but all are agreed that
T H E LABOR HERALD
-ateriilize.
On t h i contraj ,
re come hardshins ~ i l e d
I
indeed.
Their enthusiasm,
base& upon simple emotion
r8Um?r t han upon real unders%nd'kgrlradually evaporates.
g
Thew l a heart and take on a
d e f & ~ s $ attitude. They degenera& &to carping critics,
and becpm~la prey to all sorts
a
d
of p ~q~agaadaestructive t o
the strike solidarity. In s hort
they are & s c ~ t o l o ~ c allicked.
l~
In thi; critical situation. 1
which corines i n every protrac
ted strike, the burden of maintaining the indispensible discid ine falls uoon a small minority. These are the true
fighters. They are the only
ones who really understand
what the struggle is all aboat.
Their unkillable enthusiasm
and inexhaustible energies are
drawn from intellectual sources
and are very different from the
, ,semi-blind impulse which rules
.HOME OF ALL-RUSSIANUNI.ONS
.
t he niasses. If the strike is to
Formerly Moscow Nobles' Club
',
be won these fighters must
, I make their psycho~ogyprevail.
The Wmeq b Rewohtiop
, They must take the discouraged masses firmly
The foregoing i h f r i t i a n of the course Q%- a
in hand and literally make them fight. They
.-, .
must break up all sorts of defeatist movements strike applies equally well to the c ourw of
among the rank and file, which, in turn, means the Russiart revoldion. And naturally w, bel
t he sappression of free speech to a very large cause1the l ib~er, ike the former, is 9 &we of
tg m isses in bitter struggle. What we have
h
extent. Indeed, only those tendencies a re als e a b ppen a thousand times in hard fought
lowed to flourish which make d ireely f or sol:dariky and the continuance of the strike. GI1
t he rest are ruthlessly smashed, m m etter b w
? " maay abstract rights are violated i the d ebg
n
of it. That is the history of all g reat s t n i
It i s a fact known to all labor men that m t
severe industrial struggles that w& wan hawe
been won a fter the mass of tke ~ $ r wale
b
@$ icked; a fter they had reached the stags af
'
defeatism and discouragement that they w a d
have given up the fight had it not Bees fag the
&,
discipline imposed upon them more oe l& tarf valor were berbitrarily by s mall minority of andefeatable formed and
~f e&rgy expended b i t h e
!pfighters.
transported
I '% ,The whole people were
C
.
I I I?.
-
'
I
n
J
-
g
.
a
�@6,
14
THE LABOR HERALD
swept away in a mighty, swirling, irresistable
torrent of revolution.
This was the dream era, the idealistic period
of the revolution. But it had to come t o an
end, just as does the similar period of unthinking enthusiasm in big strikes. Soon the period
of cold, hard, unemotional fealism s et in, t he
period of long and bitter struggle. As the
months rolled by the heaven on earth expected
by the 'masses did not materialize. Instead,
there came a whole series of soul-trying ordeals. Famines, blockades, civil wars, poverty, were the people's portion. The revolution proved a hard taskmaster. The masses,
with nothing but shallow enthusiasm t o sustain them, did not understand. Somehow the
revolution seemed a failure. They could not
meet its severe requirements. Their revolutionary fervor waned, their original enthusiasm
began t o abate. More and more the responsibility for eontinuing the revolution fell upon
the shoulders of the minority who are revolu.
tionists, not through mere impulse and idealistic imaginings, but because of deep-seated
intellectual convictions. They are the ones
whose revolutionary spirit is inextinguishable,
the Communists.
This process has gone on in Russia for many
many months, until now we find a situation
comparable in principle t o that in the latter
stages of a hard-fought strike. Great sections
March, 1922
of the masses are pretty much defeated. For
them the glamor of the thing has worn off.
T hey want the easiest way out. I t he revoluf
t ion w ere left t o them, it would be over in a
hurry. They would not fight for i t ; t!~ey
would not work for i t ; they would allow themselves t o be made tools of by the 57 varieties
of sophistry-mongering agents of the reaction.
There would be a swift collapse.
But these tired, disillusioned, and disheartened masses are being held t o the struggle hy
t he minority of indomitable fighters in their
midst, the C ommtl~~;~ts. latter are mainT he
taining the discipline essential to t he life of
the revolution, just as tlie fighters always d o
in severe strikes. This could not be done if
they allowed absolute freedom of discussion
t o prevail. If given free rein the reaction,
through the i nstrumentality of its intentional
and unintentional assistants, would have easy
picking among the rank and file, who, always
gullible and easily led astray, are now even
more susceptible than ever because of the
hardships of the revolution. Soon solidarity
on the political, industrial, and military fields
would be ended, and serious, if not fatal, damage done t o the revolution. Because of this
unlovely but inescapable fact, the workers
literally have t o be protected against themselves by means of discipline. Defeatist and
disruptive tendencies must be broken up, even
if this does involve the limitation of
the rights of the individual. And it
makes little difference whether such
tendencies originate in the brains of
scheming reactionaries or in those of
impractical Socialist, Syndicalist, Anarchist, or Communist workers. They
must be checked just the same.
Successful struggle by the masses
unavoidably implies limitation of their
rights of free speech in the name of
discipline. That is the experience of
every a reat s trike: it is likewise the
1) experience of the ~ u s s i a nrevolution,
t he b itterest and most trying struggle
ever undergone by t he world's working class. Reactionary labor men like
Mr. Gompers (whose trade union
practice would teach him the logic of
the Russian situation if he w ere n ot
too blinded by prejudice) may rail
against this conclusion, and idealists
)I l&e Emma Goldman (who lived in a
realm of cloudy theory and disdains
the crass inconsistencies of hard realCONGRESS O F T H E R ED 'LJXADEU NION
ity) may do likewise. But suppression
INTERNATIONAL
(Continued on page 31)
--
1
-
T H E LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
15
,
I
1
1
I
I
** : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : **. . ++*+++++++ *
: *+++++++++++++++*++++ : :+' : : : : : : : : : <
*
3
+
cf+*:.+:*+:.:
'111
A PLEDGE!
.
To Tom ~ o o n e im, Larkin, Warren Billings, Alex Howat, Ben Oittlow,
J~
Ralph Chaplin, Harry Winitsky, Harrison George, Fred Mooney,
Frank Keener, Niccolo Sacco, Bartolomeo Vanxetti, Vincent St.
John, Jim Thompson, and the hundreds of Labor's champions, now
prisoners of war in capitalist jails:
DEARBROTHERSND COMRADES
A
:
a nd the workers whose aspirations
W e send you greetings from THE $ ~ O R
we voice. In creating this new weapon for our common struggle, the struggle for Labor's
complete emancipation, we turn to you to pledge our faith.
The high mission for which you s d e r , a nd to which we are dedicated, calls for the
deepest loyalty, devotion and courage. These h t virtues of the working-class movement which you embody, are the very basis of a ll of Labor's cause.
But you have been almost deserted by Labor's ranks. Only here and there have a
few strong voices been raised, and a few arms wielded, in your behalf. Only in brief,
spasmodic moments has Labor moved to bring you justice; and then has been confused,
disunited and drugged, by the lies, the tricky arguments, the traitorous actions, of pretended "leaders. ' '
F or years you have lain in the rotten capitalist jails! With deepest shame must
we write the record of how you have been deserted! We know, and the workers of
America know, that it is only because you were fighters in o ur own s t r u g g l e t h e s t ~ l e
against capitalistic exploitation, against the degrading wages system, against the V I C ~ O ~
a nd corrupt society which destroys all beauty and joy in t he lives of the working people.
A nd t he measure of our shame shall be the measure of our passionate cry to the workers
of the whole land-"To
a ction! Our brothers are being tortured for fighting our battles
for us! Masters! open t h e prisons, before Labor i s f orced t o a ct indepedentntby t o .
that en.d! "
Brothers in prison! The heart of the working class is sound! I n spite of all t he
forces of darkness a nd corruption which have prevented your class from coming to your
rescue, your brothers in the trade unions of America k now why you suffer. They move
restlessly in the knowledge of their base desertion of you. They are going to move to
your defense 1
THE LABOR ERALD
H
pledges to you that we will s hoit t his message to all our class,
in every labor hall and labor home, until our class rises to do justice. So long as we
have voice it shall never be raised without carrying this call as a vital, pressing, urgent
demand of a militant labor movement!
Labor ! Act at Once to Rescue Your Prisoners of War!
�THE LABOR HERALD
16
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
A CALL T O ACTION!
Editor's Note: For general outline of the League's purposes, read article "The Principles and Program of the Trade
Union Educational League," elsewhere in this issue.
ILITANTS! The time has come for action! We must now gird up our loins for a great
effort to make a real fighting organization out of the trade union movement. We must
now plunge directly into our vital task of ama?gamating t he many craft unions into a
few industrial unions and of inspiring them with genuine proletarian spirit. The Trade Union
Educational League has launched its nation-wide campaign to organize the militants everywhere
to carry on this indispensible work of education and reorganization, a work for which the hardpressed labor movement now stands in shrieking need. A ll.true trade union rebels are urged
to join hands with the League immediately.
M
T H E League's task of organizing the militants is a gigantic one, one that will require intelli- .
gence, determination, and discipline to accomplish. As things now stand the militants are
scattered broadcast through many thousands of local unions, central labor councils, etc., and
there is scarcely the faintest trace of communication Qr co-operation between them. It is an utter
chaos. And the only way this chaos can be conquered and the army of militants developed into
a unified body capable of exerting great influence in the labor movement is by the rigid application of modern organization methods. Such methods are the very heart of the League's program. I t proposes not to attack the problem simultaneously in all its phases-which would be
a futile project-but to go at it intensively, section by section. It is going to carry out a series
of great national drives, month by month, to organize the militants in one industry after another.
When the circuit of the industries is completed-which should be in six or eight months-there
will exist a well-defined organization of the militants in every trade union and industrial center
in the entire country. Then a general national conference will be held, to map out a complete
educational program, to elect League officials,etc. All told, the campaign is one of the most
elaborate in labor history, and it must eventually result in making the progressive and radical
unionists the determining factor in the labor movement.
T H E f ist of these national drives will be directed to establishing local general educational
groups of militants of every trade simultaneously in all the important cities and towns everywhere. Once established these local groups, in addition to their other activities, will perform the
vital organization work of carrying out the rapidly following later drives to organize the militants in the respective industries. Their first job (the second national drive) will be to organize
the railroad educational organization. It will be done as follows: At a given signal (which
WUcome late in March) the hundreds of local general groups all over the country will direct
Wr e t e d attention and energy to organizing local educational groups of railroad militants in
the% Wpective territories. By this intensive method scores, if not hundreds, of such bodies will
c z & b existence simultaneously in all the principal railroad centers. All these local railroad
o@
t
o
g r o w will be put in touch with each other through the general office of the League, and thus
the &road militant organization will take on national scope. I t will immediately embark
upon a nation-wide campaign to amalgamate the sixteen railroad craft unions into one industrial
organization. This educational propaganda will be carried into every local union in the entire
industry by the local railroad groups, or rank and file amalgamation committees. For the f i s t
time in t h e history the railroad militants will f hd themselves in an organized movement to
combine theif many obsolete craft unions into one modern industrial union. Month by month
similar drives d$lbe put on in the other industries-metal, building, clo@ing, mining, etc,
until finally t he educational organization covers every ramification of the trade union strncture
and the r ejmaating influence of the organized militants makes itself felt throughout the entire
labor movement.
:'
,
W I T H this CalI To Action the first phase of the League's organization campaign-the setting
up of t he loeal m e r a l groups-is initiated. Besides being issued publicly, the Call is also
being laid directly before ,more than 1000 live wire trade unionists in that many cities and
towns, with an urgent appeal that they immediately call together groups of militant unionists
and get our campaign d dynamic education started among them. Considering the present dm-
-
,
a
The Traileiqnim E ducatiod
'"
ITS W
-
I
Lme
.
street,
o hiqgi-hi.-
I
.
�March, 1922
Making and Breaking the Packinghouse
-Unions
'.q
:
A
By "A Packinghouse Worker"
T
HE collapse of the national strike of the
packinghouse workers a t the end of January marks the close of an epoch in the
long and bitter struggle t o establish trade
union organization in the packing industry.
Menaced by the establishment of company
unions and. radical wage cuts, the workers
struck desperately in the face of great odds
and covered themselves with glory. They
succeded in tying up large sections of the industry for eight weeks. But they did not
have a chance; they were whipped from the
start. Their organization went into the fight
weak and demoralized. Besides being destitute alike of funds and spirit, it was afflicted
with officials in whom the rank and file had no
faith. Under the circumstances the loss of
the strike, the breaking up of the hard-won
organization, and the surrendering of the industry t o the "open-shopper" was a foregone
conclusion. It i s one of the greatest tragedies
in American labor history.
The cause of the packinghouse workers' defeat was a double one; incompetency and
treachery by the officials of the basic union
in the industry, the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen, and utter failure
of the rebel elements among the workers t o
organize themselves and thus to exercise control over the administration of their union.
These fatal factors had been constantly a t
work ever since the packinghouse workers began their last great effort a t organization in
1917. T he story of the ill-fated packinghouse
movement is one that Organized Labor should
take well t o heart:
No body of workers in American industry
have been more bitterly exploited or have
made more desperate efforts to escape from
their slavery than the packinghouse workers.
As early as 1886 t hey built up trade unions and
d
established the e i~ht-hour ay. But the wily
and powerful packers soon smashed their organizations and made themselves uncontested
masters of the situation. The next important
movement of t he workers took place fifteen
years later, and resulted in quite thorough organization. But again their unions were
wiped out, this time in the big national strike
of 1904. T hen followed a thirteen-year period
of unrelieved slavery and exploitation, a period
in which the industry turned out a little group
of enormously wealthy parasitic idlers on the
one hand, and a vast multitude of impoverished and downtrodden workers on the other.
All efforts to re-organize the unions were defeated. It w as not until 1917 that the packinghouse workers, responding to the hope
that springs eternal, again take courage and
raise their heads. Taking advantage of the
war conditions, they struck in Denver, Kansas City, and Omaha, achieving some little
success in each place. But the real movement
among them did not begin until the Chicago
Federation of Labor began its big campaign
to organize the workers employed in the
packinghouses of Chicago.
I
Organization of the Industry
T he initiative t o the Chicago campaign was
given by Wm. Z. F oster, who presented a resolution t o the Chicago Federation of Labor
calling for a joint organization movement on
the part of all the trades with jurisdiction
over packinghouse workers. This project was
adopted on July 15th, 1917, and the Federation
a t once took serious hold of the situation. It
organized the Stockyards Labor Council t o
carry on the work. John Fitzpatrick was
selected to head this body d uring the organization work, and Foster was made its secretary.
Ever since the great strike of 1904 sporadic
efforts had been made to re-organize the packinghouse workers, but without a particle of
success. When the big Chicago campaign
started the Amalgamated Butcher Workmen
had only a handful of members, and the whole
industry was demoralized. The prime cause
of this failure was low grade leadership. The
men at the head of the unions, the other crafts
as well as the Butcher Workmmen, persiste a l y a ttempted to apply outworn principles
of craft unionism t o this great basic industry,
when the only hope of the workers was the
most complete industrial solidarity. During
the thirteen black years of unorganization,
craft after craft made individual efforts t o
I.
MOUNTED POLICE DRIVING STRIKERS FROM S TREET
organize, but to no purpose whatever. First
it would be the cattle butchers; they would
carry on a bit of a campaign and get a few
hundred members assembled, when, lo, the
packers would turn their tremendous organization against them and crush their budding
union as a giant would an egg shell. Then stagnation would reign a while more, until eventually, probably a straggling movement would
develop among the sheep butchers, the hog
hutchera, t he steamfitters, the engineers, or
some other trade, which in turn would go the
same way. In this manner practically every
trade got its licking, yet the union heads never
learned the lesson from this experience. They
could not see that the only possibility for the
packinghouse workers t o make headway
against the powerful packers was through
absolutely united action along the lines of the
whole industry.
But if the Butcher Workmen and other
craft union officials knew nothing of industrial
solidarity, the men who organized the Stockyards Labor Council did. T ee b reath of life
of that organization was unified action by
all packinghouse workers. Before it w as organized a n agreement was secured from all
t he trades that they would cast in their lot
- --t ogether, and that espeCially t hey would ,not
m ake the mistake they made in 1904, w hen
they had two local councils in the Chicago
stockyards, one for the mechanical trades and
t he other for the packing trades. The jealousies and quarrels between these two councils,
resulting finally in one scabbing upon the
other, was a prime factor in the loss of the
great strike of 1904.
The Stockyards Labor Council organizers
were determined that no such blunder should
be made in the future. They raised the slogan
of solidarity of all trades in the packing industry. With this rallying cry they went
forth among the packers and put on one of
the most aggressive campaigns of organization known t o American labor history. Encouraged by the new program ,the oppressed
stockyards slaves responded en masse. They
poured into the unions by thousands and soon
the Chicago industry, then employing 55,000
workers, was strongly organized. The news
of this achievement spread like wildfire in
every packing center in the country, and soon
the whole body of packinghouse workers
everywhere were swarming into the organizations. The packing industry, long the: despair
of Organized Labor, was finally unionized.
The whole job took but a few months.
An Incompetent Oi5cialdom
D uring these stirring events the officials of
the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher
Workmen, the union which controls about
80% o f the workers in the industry, were like
�T H E LABIOR H E R A L D
20
March, 1922
feathers in a gale. They did not know what nickel in money to the campaign until a fter
i t was all about. Such a slashing camp*
, h adreds o
f dollars had been turned over to
o unionism was altogether beyond their kmb it h membership fees-the Chicago Federation
f
P etty labor politicians, their practical con*,
.o9 k b w ' mderwrote entirely, t o the last
tion of their union was-as ae orgsnization h pe-myd $& cost of .the early work. But when
f
%
a few thousand meat cutters in retail butdimwas finished, the Butcher
shops. They had no hope or d ers.staacbg
a rapidly growing organizaof organizing the packinghouse workers propor more, and possessed of a
er. They practically abandoned -thel eadeahip
ch were the results in the
of the movement to John F i t ~ p h e k W m. 2
,
.
r y by t he application of indusFoster, J. W. Johnstone, a d 8ke 0 t h gwm
t-y. The mass of workers were
a t the head of th.e S ~ & &-k~&~&I.. feet and given a weapon
.
on their
The flouridend d
m& wd&~t:$ 8 l&mwQ
~
S
~
they could protect themselves
ized t he i9dtpsta-y fisr.tlie$a;,, . .
k'ss
$ h~$.pw& & F Cauicff
~
3 i s.- detraction.fi-on t he work done by
3
organize^^^ w e e &
&
c
amra urnen were fairly w gankers in o ther txmters t o say that the
well lined up, W t h t s d at movebrunt of t he struggle was b orne
ment for @hee ~tabljshrnent f an
o
by the Stockyards Labor Council.
agreemeat with t he packers t o
It planned the campaign, concover the whole industry. Received the method of organizaluctantly this was rybber-stamped
tion, and t o a very large extent
by the Butcher Workmen o ficicarried it through to success.
d s . Accordingly, the local agseeConsidering what is had done
ment between the twelve trades
for their organization, one might
in the Chicago packing industry
think that the officials of the
was expanded into a national one
I Amalgamated Meat Cutters and
and a general committee set up
Butcver Workmen would have
greatly valued the Stockyards
to ccmdtzct the fight for the whole
Labor Council. But the fact was
country. John @itzpatrick was
made c h i q n bf this national
exactly the contrary. From the
packinghouse committee, and
very beginning they looked ask:
Foster its Secretary. As usual,
JOHN R ~ZPATRICK ance a t it. They had no sympathy
the Butcher Workmen officials
with i ts militancy or its doctrine
sat on the side lines, expressing agree- of all-inclusive solidarity. They were craft
with what was being done, but unionists pure and simple. They stood aside
and let i t orgaaize t he industry for them, but
little p art in it. Demands were st&
and, after a spectacular arbitration immediately this was done they set about desing conducted by Frank P. Walsh, .a t roying it. Indeed, so eager was the Presisettlement secured covering the whole indus- dent of the Butcher Workmen, one John Hart,
t o break it up t hat just as t he national movetV. %
W h a h a d happened from July 15th, 1919, ment u os developing he double-crossed all
w hea t he Chicago campaign began, until t he o thw trades by secretly sneaking off t o
March
1918, when Judge Alschuler Waehingt~aaand placing the entire matter in
handed down l$s findings in the arbitration the tender care of the Food Administration.
p r o c e e m v m t h t t he packing industrp. This nearly wrecked t he whole movement. It
had been organized all over the country; the was saved M y by the Stockyards Labor
H art to back out of his areight hour d a . ~established, heavy wage in- C omdl for*
creases secured; the forty-hour per week rangemen% w&b t he Washington politicians
guarantee introdwed, and other important im- and to l mv~rtke'rregotiations ltogether in the
a
provements in t he workers' coaditions insti- hands o$ &@ e ~mbined nion again.
u
tuted. Besides this, the Butcher Workmen's
Imme&fi@ Judge Alschuler's decision was
Union had been lifted from poverty and in- made ia @@a rbitration matter the national
significance to afflusnce a* power. When o ficiak d e c h x l open war upon the Stockt he Chicago c ampaip t a r t e d @is organiza- ya&d&Z a h r Chuncil. Their chosen way to
tion had only a few khousand'members and desfroy it was by the organization of a disa single trict council of Butcher Workmen locals.
was so poor that it did -%ute
I
3t
09
March, 2!E2
THE LABOR HERALD
21
T h y b w very well that the stabllishmes& Butcher Workmen nevertheless went blithely
a body w 4 d pull dl their unioas but
ahead with the nefarious task. To further
their project they sent a flock of "organizers'"
into t he stockyards district t o prepare the
way for t he new council. These sowed the
seeds of disruption. thickly, undertnining t he
whole structure of t he movement. Several
with their project regardless
ineffectual attempts were made to start the
T k &rasing of the new
new council, but they all failed as the senticouncil was. h direct violat
ment of the workers was overwhelDZing1y in
lnf?nt t w w t he Butcher Workmen d
k
fayor of the Stockyards Labor Council. Izio*LM, +midm i t he movement. From the ia- w&, however, in July 1919, enough dupes
n
c&@i&~d:%$te campaign it had been definitely
scared up to form the f atal District No.
s ettW.
&here shotrlci be only one loclrrl .9, and it was duly established.
Chicago Packing industry and
Warbare and w o n
h l u d e al trades. In fact, this
l
was the very beart of the propaganda used to
1
d y turmoil 'raged among the pack~;giiaspired re-organize the workers. They i ngheew a wiatbs, who looked upon these efh J &faitely promised that the great f ott b '&?@t
kb,
een
fP
*eiE
mistake of 11304 would not be repeated, and ranka a s $&e BKO& e
f
that, dnlr or swim, t he whole b d y of pack- t he psrckers.
inghouse workers would fight h one unit. refused point b a
kk
They were v iolentl~in favor of the Stock- t o affiliake w&h Disyards Labor Council and violently against the t ri& N& 9, in ~ i t a
newly-proposed packing t r a d e s council, s the fdmina&ims
f
known as District No. 9.
of &eir national om€Ma Oi 40,000 OF'Ws Stockyards Labor Comd Destmyd
gaBimrd a rtlrkl-s m
t
The behanical e x m e 'agered by t he B l~tc&r z.mwe t h a n 2,0(TO
joked t he new body.
tuth &
*
d
it. Bwt The9 t he national
w
e
.
Their d e b &ee of t he Butcher
three-fourths majority W e r b e n carried its
J. w. JONNSTONE
L abr C ormd and could work of destruction
&me a s tbey liked with that Bady. stiil f urther by susWorkmen o Rcid8 been in- pending all the locals that refused to accept
king an organieatisn i n the their dnal council. T i meant wahaian
hs
which in my jadgment they worse confounded. Thousands quit the u nitas
wemz n ot) they could easily have postponed disgusted, f edis~ghat they had been betr@.
t
ntia their national convention and Others entered militantly into t he many b &e~
a arrangement that c odd take f actimd qmwrels that had been stastedastatmg
a &ituation. The plain fact of t he t he w mhers by t he irresponsible natima1 offiw is t hat so long a s the Stockyards La- a*
& C b ~ ~ ~ e i l their i mm&&tc e d s hy
served
S w n t he disruptive work of t he &ma,
ta
bore
s qamaiag thousands of men into their i i
mm its, f d l Br&, soon t he former s p
and vwt sums s money .into their wBw4 a d t y d t he workers was destr
f
t h y h cl m trouble to go along with i%. I%& ob %he one unified council that tarried t he big
just a s soon as they thought they
battle through, they now
three: the
eootagh, a s soon as they felt t &
emmct.dated Stockyards L&M?c ouncil, DisC
trict N 9, and a M ecbi-1 Trades Council.
situation well in hand, they c m ~ d m h . f p
o.
covered insurmountable, constitutionah ahqjec- In addition there were a =umber af indepentions t o its p i n g on as bcft h y dent unions disgusted d h all these bodies
and affiliated with
stabbed it to death.
them. The work ,
'.
Even though the veriest t y m ~ 1 ~&eve- of dissllption was
~ci
e+e. The officers of
meat could see from the sen
the Butcher W o h * had done the Chicago
w mkers t hat to break up the S
m o v e q n t t o dm& m d with it the movement
box Council meant to smash the whole! pa&all over the e
ry, f or it is a truism that
ing house movement, t he o Ecials d the t he status of t . =qkinghouse unions every-
c & Stockyards Labor Council a d ieave
d
t b b t t e r only a shell. Tb would G rate a reof t he dualism that had &ed
t he
use workers' srlganizathn & 1904.
I
Bxat.&%%e worried them. T ~ T mt ahead
that
w
I
*-
I
I
22
I
�22
THE L A B O R H E R A L D
where depends direetly upon the degree of
organization prevailing in Chicago, the h a r t
of the industry. After the installation of D s
itrict No, 9 t he f ate af t he union was waled.
I ts course thereafter was rapidly d o m w a r d
I t was only a m atter of time until the packers
s hodd deliver a coup de grace which finally
came in the recent strike.
As Usual, the Rebels
March, 1 2
92
them t o come in to t he struggle. But i each
n
m e all he got was a cold shoulder. The radid 8 , save for a few notable exceptions, w
ould
have nothing to do with the trade l am
ai .
They p d e r r e d t o ~ p e n dheir time in contemt
plation a f their beautiful industrial utopias.
The aoM bawd f act@ f the mass struggle were
o
far 6
them.
bb
H ere w e w me t o t he crux of the trouble.
h l f or the failure of the paekingat
house movement lies with the rebel elements
in t he industry, and they are many, a s the
body. o workers are foreigners. Hart, Lane,
f
a d t he others who held control of the Butcher Workmen"$ csrgmizsrtion during the critical days were typieal craft unionists and
t'herefore altogether unfit t o make headway.
against modern combinations of capital. It
w odd be stupid ts a pectl them to follow any
other course than the ruinoui one they did,
save under pressure. A leopard cannot change
his spots. If t he msvement was t o live and
proBper t he impetus t hereto had t o come up
from below, from an aroused and organized
r ank and file.
But this impetus did not come. The rsclid s , t he only ones who could develop it, were
asleep a t t he switch. Here w as a grerat movem w t p i n g begging f or them to control it.
The enbrmclus organizations in Chicago were
in t he han& of t he minute group 015 r a d i d s who did show enough understinding t o take
p art in f ie movement. And it would have
be= an easy thing t o have secured d m h r
csn*rol i other places, had the r adial elea
men* d y been willing to assume such control. S ficient resistance, a t least, could have
been d m l ~ p e do prevent t he national officials;
t
from wrecking t he union. But no, the radicals
s t a d aside, oallously indifferent, and allowed
t he m ganimtbn t o be cut t o pieces by the
reacthmaries. The loss crf t he packinghome
rnovernwt i s just one more item, and a terrible w e, rhak m ast be added to the heavy price
the t rade m ian movement is paying for the
duollistic n o ~ which have destroyed the
~s
power anet 'krherrce of those w orken who
work failed com- s hodd be its b ut and livest elements.
pletely. The rebids. were simply not to be
roused. They were d heavily afflicted <with
After the v w e E n g of t he Stoclryards La.the "infantile sichew':&. dual unionism a nd
~ O P c m d the downfall of the organization
C
could not be induced
was rA&d* Thousands quit the trade unions
in the fight against
in-dftgpst. Soon t he national officials broke
cags and other cities
t he h a t of the 35,000 members of t he outf are numerous radical
s tmding locals by winning over one John Kithe p c k i g h o u s e wQr
Considering the type of men a t he head
t
of the Butcher Worktam's Unlon,. the onlp
possible hope for t he p a t movement t o succeed was for the live spirits amomg t he rank
and file to take the s i m a t b well in h w d and
force t heir f m t e m t i o d o flcMs iaM line or
o ut of office. This was evident from t he s tart,
and it became more evident as t he movement
wore on. Eor a time t he live wires handling
the Stockyards Labor Council were able t o
hold the reactionary national officials t o
something like a real program. But as t he
latter became more m d more intrenched by
the stabilizing of the union everywhere and
the extendon of their machine, t he spreading
of the rank and file movement to a national
s a l e b e e m e imperative to prevent the general o&cials from wrecking the m v e w a t
through their stupid methods-to put it charitably.
The burden of organizing t bis r ank ihad N e
movement fell.upon 5 W. Johnstone-before
.
the bitter struggle really g ot s tarted =tzpatrick and Foster, t he first president ,and s ecse
t ary of the Stockyards La$& Cewci1, ha4
withdrawn from the mmem~ent t o take up
&her duties. J ohnstme was t he new secret - ~of the Stockyards Labor Council and an
man in the labor movement. H e
had to be done and he tried to do
the national officials s et out t o
Id cdugcif Johnstone undertook to
organize the rebels everytohare against them.
He and tks associates published an i ndqendent p a w a T he Packinghouse Worker, and
s caaered I& b a d c a s t over the industry &
I
T e real
h
'
March, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD -
kulski, a n influential Palish organizer who
was l ater killed by some of his many enemies.
K&ulskiYsdesertion disrupted the rebel ranks,
Many went back with him t o the Butcher
Workmen, and thousands gave up their affiliation altogether. And what was httppening in
Chicago was pretty mnch h appenbg in all the
other packing center& Mismaaagement, if
not worse, by the B u t a e r Workm& officiab,
throttled the organizatiae everywhere.
By t he Spring of 1921 t he organization was
virtually a wreck all oTer t he country. So
much so that the packers, fresh13 freed from
the war-time control a g r e e m a t administered
by Judge Alschuler, d eter&d,b
~ u i t out
f; flash of
of business altogether. B&
the old spirit the workers mlliad again in
wonderful form. Enofmoae mms meetings
took place and the unions grew like weeds.
Quite evidqntly t he workers were decided to
put up a bitter fight. But again their officials
failed them. They meekly accepted the proposed wage cuts and allowed the establishment of the compapy unions. Once more the
organization began t o disintegrate rapidly.
Things went from bad to worse until the
packers announced their next heavy wage cut,
a few months ago. The organization had almost bled to death. Yet the workers responded again, this time more weakly. A
s trike ballot was taken. This carried affirmatively in a small vote, and finally a strike
date was set for December 5th. Then a marvel happened: When the strike was called few
expected that any considerable numbers of
the discouraged and disappoipted workers
would walk out. But when the fateful day
arrived they turned out en masse emrywhere,
h amstrhging t he whole packing industry. I n
Chicago it was estimated that fully 757% of
the actual workers struck, and in other centers the percentage was even higher. A few
of the craft unions, notably the engineers,
stockhatzdlers, etc. wbo had been thoroughly
alienated by the Butcher Workmen officials,
refused to strike. But nevertheless the strike
was quite general. Considering the circumstances, the organized treachery and mismanagement that: the' workers had s d e r e d from
in their unions for years, it was a noble display of solidarity. But it was futile, it was
only the dying agony of the organization.
There was not a possibility for success. There
23
was neither competent leadership among the
rank and file nor among the Butcher Work-.
men officials. ;All t he packers had to do was
to sit tight. for a while a nd'wait for the inevitable collapse. This they did, refusing all
e darts a t settlement. On January 31st t he
g reat break came. The Butcher Workmen
eaf1d o f t he hopeless strike, The packingf
b a s e movement was crushed, b rokm by the
eornb'mled mismanagement of its official leaders and tbq indifference of the rebel elements
in the industry.
As to the Future
What the future has to offer for the packinghouse workers in the way of organization
is problematical. After such a crushing defeat, following in the train of so much betrayal and mismanagement by their o%cials,
i t is safe to say that they will be seized by
profound demoralization and depression, Already the dual unions are gathering to feed
upon the corpse of the fallen giant and to add
to the general confusion. They have nothing
to offer, in spite of t heir glowing programs.
The only hopeful h ctor in the situation is the
changed views of many radicals in t he industry. Within the last few months (although
too late to appreciably affect the dying movement) they have come to see that it is their
part to stay in the old unions and to so organize themselves there as to'compel t h i proper
handling of t he organization, no matter who
may stand at its. head. Had they understood
this fact three or four years ago and taken
charge of the packinghouse movement when
it lay wide open before them, the whole history of it would have been d iaerent. Instead
of being crushed and defeated as they now
are, the packinghouse workers would still possess a powerful and well-intrenched trade
union organization.
It i s never too late to mend. The rebels
in the packing industry must set out a t once
to break the power of the reactionaries a t the
head of their organization. They must see to
it t hat when t he n ext big drive comes, and it
i s only a m atter of time, the mea who conduct
it are real wrsrkiag class fighters and not,
m ere place-hmtiers and incompetent bureaucrats. I n t hat direction alone lies the pessibility f or ~ uccess.
Ta
-.
�THE LABOR HERALD
24
March, 19.22
March, 1922
The Struggle in the Building Trades
-
dstently g
The Coal &err
,
r
the old craft union tactics of each separate uniofor itself. The employers have organized a solid
front, backed by Judge Landis, and by the "Citizen's Comtnittee" with its many mi%lions of dolhrs
have a1pledged to break the unbns. T he
lowed their soEdarity t o be b r h up, clch lldnn
acting for itself, l i t b u t any k Wdnllpba ~h~
the *wul mu& be
rwults a re phh,
befare Labor cran 5 gb a & a
ig
battle.
*rted
May- &st last y a r ,
&-S
&I'
A w c b t i ~ f ie*ed
r
ta res d e @ ~s8im@ly &kek a nd locked a t
&a
T hb I k o & eontiizued uatil
the empkoyero agd t he uaipns
agree&@smpt. t he #ago.qnas&a to arbitration, and
am s
agreed upon J1~da;eL a a ' the arbitrator. In the
m eantbe L t x e ~ 3 c e ~ d arrage of newspaper atb~ s
tack k id been levelled at the -ions, and preparations were made to "get them" in the arbitration
@recess. Landis immediately took the uBensive by
assuming jurisdicOion over working rureq in addition to wages. In September he announced his
award which slashed wage8 savagely and completely
revised t he working rules. The utuen members
spontaneously walked off their jobs, although the
unions did not immec2iatdy call a strike. The contractware willing to reopen the ease. The
B uWng Trades Council was capable o i 'handling a
dispate with some degree of success so bag a s the
opp6nent was only the cantractors. But this time
the Unions were up a minst something biggm. T he
*Citizensy- ommittee" h@dk e n formed, containing
C
& e financbl and c opxmte powers of Chicago, with
a w r .chest of n zillie~saf d ~ b r s and they took
,
of the capitalist Side-of the fight.
hrings with i t he most serious
t
work* d-ting
w ith moh other, and increasing
the ciatfwa and lack a f wlidarity.
The B m . g Trades Gmd, t he body which has
b r n e b t sbpt =hat united action there has hereto@ been v tte~lp nable to cape with this
u
fore
situatim. Z& has been for a strike, then it has been
a shist, && . h r a strike again; but it has not been
ab'le. s ac&.tlre unified attack of all the capitalist
~g&jzatid@, te w e all its forces one way or
the @&es at the s a m time. Under pressure of the
attack, of t he bitter newspaper barrage of lies, of
t he weight of Judge Landis, and the ,force of the
massed millions of the Citizens' C omdttee, t he slender threads of solidarity woven by t he federation
~ f +e craft unions in the Building Trades Council
i
have given way. As this is baing m itten, t he
Council has voted to accept the award, while many
unions are in bitter rebellion and are refusing to
accept it under any condition.
Federation of the 2 and more unions into the
5
.
Building Tradfes CounQil 3s not enough; it has
=~Sxomhe beginning of these anfortunate arbit
ceedings,. the result of w hkh might
been foreseen, the buil&ng trades
'
ces were split, Five of the qaions were
to the' arbitration from the first. Those
unwise as to participate ie the yonivided into those who accepted it with
and the "good unions" who were d l EUILJX&fQ'&%ARES ORKERS! N EW METHW
orders. The regult was a dsage of the unions being o ut 6 6 ~ ODS ARE NECESSARY TO MEET YOUR ENning to work about the same EMIES 'REDAY. GET CLOSER TO-GETHER,
as went out. Some of the JOIN BANDS, AND AMALGAMATE YOUR
tried to get the good will
KZ
oe got it by going back to UNIONS D B 3 OME COVERING T E E .ENTIRE
of the tmp
STRY.
A few of them have con- BUILDING
Qrderabundleof
-
THF: L ABOR HERALD
to sell at your uniod%i~tings.-hbundles U 10 o more, 12 cents per mpy
r
'
adem, intema1 and e xtend.
Rcga&g t%e external side of it: the emp l o ~ wre determined as never before t o deal
a
us a h u s h i a blow. The "open shop" deooteeslare s o axmaraged by their success in drivk gk k
railroad men, smashing t he buildi.ng t&s# &kcS t hat they are all set t o give
US s ,first
trimming7 Indeed, they have
1 start, as the wr&nd Colorado districts
s aur whole union is
to
meckd we will have t o g et r ight down
t o h s h t i : ~ad put up such a struggle as we
a~
h&re never made before,
But our internal crisis is worse even t han
the external one. We stand i n the most imminetlt danger of a disruption that will lay
us helpless be-fore o ur enemies who are all
ready to devour us. T he quarrel over the
Kansas situation is thxeatening t o split o ur
organization. This would be absolutely fatal.
It must be: avoided at all costs. Whatever
comes or goes,t he rqiners must present a solid
f ront this year. Anything else would be sucidal.
Lewis's treatment of H awat and the Kansas
miners is ;t crime, a disgrace that can never
b e lhigated from t he records of trade unianism. But it must not be allowed to l u d t o
- a split. k h m u l d be t he last word in folly.
Tim .e~-mgg not make a right. That would
de
be meref9 c utting off our nose t o spite our
face. 'The very most t hat could be accomp lisbd by 3 secession movement would be
t he t m t i ~ ? n f; t wo miners' unions, both of
o
a h a t t he same strength. Those who tell us
t hat t he masses o f t he men would rally to the
new d o n a re either fools or tools of the employers. At this particular time we will do.
well to t urn a deaf ear t s t he preachers of hot
a ir dual unionism, those who appear at critical moments in union struggles iwd t ear the
unions all t a pieces on the basis of their beautiful schemes of dual unionism. These a re the
j akals o t he labor movement.
f
mly ones
who pmfit f rom their activities are %h&osses.
b
A split now would be worth $ 1 8 ) 0 , 1 0 0 0 , ~ o
t
the mine operators.
I n t his crisie our course is plain. On 16he
*
Much bitterness has been aroused in the worfrerss
ranks in the course of this fight. Harsh names have
been called, and charges hurled back and forth.
Probably some of tho harsh names are just; surely
some of the. charges have truth behind t h e a But
this is t he lesson which building trade's workers must
learn from this experience, or it will have been in
vain: TEESE CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE
UNTIL THE BUILDING TRADES UNIONS ARE
SOLIDLY UNITED INTO ONE ORGANIZATION.
broken d
-1;
i t doe6 not meet the conditions of todarp. Eaa#hing short of COMPLETE AMALGAMATION af all'building trades uniQns into one indusMal m ion for the buildig trades, will meet t he
situation. Such a unified, solidly organized body of
workers, l by men of spirit and intelligence,
d
d d quickly change the present terrible chgos,
&t
&y
c ad helplessness In t he face of a united
B d & n g Trades Union, the "Citizens' Committee*
and Judge Landis would R pitifully impotent.
e
25
Crisis
-
~ out a p i n s t t he whole b u s h a s f rom
d
The
fight ia Chicago
anoth
egin*.
c end.
" glaringb dding trddes'the foolishness of isontinuwg ~ b,&se 4wo: pg&tions, Others ohave wavered between
example of
c
t
p h g n strike, going back to
(7
THE LABOR H E R A L D
,
one hand we must Dreoare for a d es~erate
and & t he
internal quarre1 does not ~ r ~ d u c esecession movement:
a
We must c o n h e our fight within the bounds
of the Unite'd Mine Workers. Our muse is
t he cause of progress. It i s a just one and
when t he great rank and file come to understand it they will rally t o a ur suport. Lewis
was able to muster a majority of wstes against
u s a t the re-convevned convention. B i t he
barely squeaked by. And if we keep going
ahead it will be only a m atter of a short while
until he will come t o his Waterloo. The only
thing t hat can save him would be the same
thing that has saved dogens of other fakers in
similar crises, a ~ ecessim ovement t hat pulls
m
out the oposition and leaves the reactionaries
. i n control. w e must avoid any such mistakes
this time.
Lewis' s trength is due more to our mistakes
nagement. Our side
than to his own ~ o md
has made blunder after blunder in tactics.
Many of them would be ridiculous were t h y
not so tragic. We must sharpen up our wits
and sit right i nto this fight as thoulgh we
meant business. The fate of the eoal m k r s '
orgrtnizatian depends upon our g etting rid of
Lewis and all t he bunch grouped aroundi*him.
We must organize ourselves better. We must
see to it t hat our cause is carried into every
local organization in the whole union, p t hat
when delegates a re e leded t o t he varibm dist ricts and national conventions they
have
some idea as to what the .&ht i s
. jout.
I b i s they dn not have at t he prestime.
Abeve all we mczst have T journal that will
voiee o ur cause. 8 w International j aad is
absolutely stacked against us. W m s
e ut
counteract its l ies, which have been primarily
t-espaasible for owl defeat so far. Before
many months have gone by we s h d d have a
re&r
independent coal tnine1-s' paper t hat
will c arry the trtlth t o t he m i e.nd file. And
f.k
.
in t he n ~ ~ a n t i m ve should ten11 our hearty
-e
support to The Labor,Herald. I t may be depended upan t u fight emr battle tc the best af
its ability.
Besides this we mwst organize our forces
better. At all t he district and national conventioas, t he rebel elements should get to(Continued on page 31)
- +-I'
.'
d
�THE LABOR HERALD
26
March, 1
922
March, 1922
T H E L A B 0R HERALD
27
-
THE L ABOR HERALD
A Militant, Constructive Monthly
Trade Union Magazine
Official Organ of the
Trade Union Educational League
WM. Z. FOSTER, EDITOR
Subscription price, $250 per y
-
e
Published a t
118 N La Salle Sweet
o.
CHICAGO, ILL.
M ember of The Federated Press
LABOR USING THE INJUNCTION
T
,
.
e,
HE s ettlement of the New York Cloakmakers'
strike, which was brought about by Judge
Wagner issuing a n injunction compelling the
Manufacturers' Protective Association to live up to
their agreement with the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union, raises still more clearly the
ever-sharpening question of whether or not Labor
shall make use of the injunction as a fighting
weapon. Schlessinger and Hilquit loudly respond
in the affirmative. o n e would think, from reading
"Justice," official organ of the union, that a new
and wonderful means had just been discovered to
free the working class. But as for us we answer
categorically, NO! ;We a re absolutely opposed to
t he labor movement employing the injunction, ..ad
we unhesitatingly prophecy that any widespread
attempt in that direction will cnIy r esuit in m ore
firmly fastening the shackles of slavery upon tlie
workers.
Our basic reason for opposing the injunction ,no
matter by whom it is invoked, is that it gives the
courts an enormous share of control over the settlement of industrial disputes, and we have absolutely no faith in the courts. We are not childish
enough to think they will give Labor a square deal.
On the contrary, we know very well that they
are as reactionary as the employers, if not even
more s b A t least nine times out of ten they rule
against the organized workers. Does Labor wish
to leave 3s cause to the tender mercy of such a
brace game as that? If so, all that it has to do
is to reco&e
a nd use the injunction and the job
will be done. As s ure as fate, it can Iook forward
t o a thorough clubbing from the courts.
It would be stapid t o judge Organized Labor's
possibilities with the injunction by drawing hasty
conclusions from the Cloakmaker s trike settlement.
Judge Wagner is a n exceptional case, the unusual
instance of a man on the bench with some slight
L abor has had other
sense of honor and hummi*.
experiences with the i n j u n ~ t b n , nd they run much
a
truer to type, they are much more i n line with
what we must expect from t he oourts than is the
Cloakmakers' experience.
A case in point occurred in Chicago eighteen
months ago. The Stark Piano Company had an
agreement with the Piano and Organ Makers'
Union. Although this still had a long term to run,
the company suddenly violated it, slashed wages,
and locked the workers out. The case was almost
identical with that of the Cloakmakers. The International Union, against the advice of many labor
men ,then sued for an injunction to make the company conform to its agreement. Not only was its
suit denied, but the very same judge, d wing t he
same sitting, granted the empIoyers a typical air
tight injunction against the workers. And \ rho was
surprised? Certainly not any intelligent l abor men.
How could they look upon the affair ~ x c e p t s the
a
logical working of our class courts?
Another illustrative case occurred in Pittsburgh
during the steel strike. The city authcrities had
forbidden the holding of meetings of a ll kinds by
the strikers. Even business m.eet;ngs ci t he local
unions were prohibited. Wherenpon, the steel ccmmittee's lawyer, who had much of t he same faith
in the courts that a ppafently Schlessinger and Hilquit have, prayed the Alleghenv County Court of
Common Pleas to enjoin Mayor Babcock from int erfering with a local union of the Amalgamated
Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers from
holding its regular business meetings. Could labor
posibly have had a stronger case? Yet, what was
the result? Not only was the injunction denied,
but the Mayor's supression of free assembly was
. endorsed. Grace to our attorney's naive faith in
the courts, the petty politician's tyranny received
the solemn sanction of law. And one would be
astounded were it otherwise.
Still another case has occurred in Chicago within
the past month. The Carpenters' Union sought an
injunction against the "Open Shop" Citizens' Committee which is fighting the building trades unions.
Of course it was refused. . T h e practical result of
i ts effort was to strengthen the Citizens' Committee and give its nefarious activities the color of
legality. And so it will nearly always be when
Labor attempts to employ the weapon par exceIlence of the "open shoppers," the injunction.
Few indeed are the points upon which we are in
agreement with Mr. Gompers. By and large, we
consider his philosophy and policy to be the very
antipodes of what the labor movement requires.
But we must admit that he is theoretically straight
on the injunction question, even as he is on the
anti-strike laws. H e declares that such measures
are tyrannical invasions of the most fundamental
rights of the workers and must be openly disregarded. That is the very best of rebel doctrine,
and in i t lies the solution of the injunction and
many other difficult problems. That Mr. Gompers has never gone beyond theory in the matter
in no way changes the correctness of his position.
By ignoring the mandates of the Kansas Industrial
Court, Alex Hoarat a nd his co-fighters have done
more to destroy the menace of such institutions
than all the lawyers in the country could have
done by fighting them through the courts.
We must not recognize or use the injunction. W e
must fight it openly. Because the courts are
stacked against us, i t is purely an employers' weapon-the decision of Judge Wagner to the contrary
notwithstanding. The trade union movement of
America is right on the injunction. It will have
nothing t o do with it. To destroy this clear understanding, to delude the workers into believing that
t hey can successfully use the injunction as a
weapon in their own behalf, is to take a long step
backward, not forward, Mr. Hilquit. I t will result not only in giving Labor a false and unwarranted faith in the courts but also in definitely institutionalizing the injunction. When Labor begins
to use the injunction itself it can no longer cornplain a t the employers doing so, nor can it use
militant tactics agaiflst i ts application. W e say,
beware of using the injunction; it is poison to
Labor.
A m A L ACHIEVEMENT
T
.
H E annual meeting of the Fe'derated P ress
b riags forcefully to our attention the revolution that h as been achieved in labor journalism in
the Uhited States. Four years ago this field was
the most cheerless and disheartening prospect imaginable. It was a veritable chaos. There were hundreds 'of isolated little sheets, each with its underpaid and overworked editor trying to spin the
material for his paper out of his own tired brain.
There was the dry-as-dust and absurd A. % of L.
.
News Letter with its stupid and trivial items from
two weeks to six months stale, not to mention the
petrified trade journals, full of cheerless and uninteresting technical matter and "women's pages"
giving the latest dress patterns. All in all i t was
a picture of isolation, stagnation, desolation and
hopelessness.
Into this chaos came the organizing spirit of an
idea, the idea of a real labor news service, the idea
of the Federated Press. There are thousands of
things going on in the world, in which Labor is
vitally interested. The news is all available, given
the organization to get it and distribute it. The
Federated Press brought the organization into this
neglected field. Under the influences of this new
force our press has made strides forward which
are really remarkable. Our journals have a new
life and vitality. Compare the journals of today
with those of four years ago, and get a measure o i
t he progress made. No other country in the world
today has so good a labor news service and labor
press; it is the one field of labor organization in
which we are not lagging. This is another example
of what a few live progressivcs can do, if they set
to work in a sane, energetic, constructive manner.
so-called "better classes" as a m atter of principle.
Over their doors, in spirit if not in letter, runs the
fateful legend: "Abandon hope all ye capitalist. who
enter herein." They discriminate openly in favor
of the workers, and are careful to tell the whole
world of the fact.
Why the hypocricy of American courts, and why
the frankness of Russian courts, in recognizing their
patently class character? The answer is easy. 'The
class that the Landises serve is an exploiting class,
a parasitic class, whose prosperity involves the enslavement and degradation of the rest of society.
'They do not dare to acknowledge their defense of
the interests of such an anti-social class. But in
Russia the courts protect the interests of the great
working class, the useful class, the class whose supreme mission is the regeneration and civilization
of society. The Russian courts may well be proud
of militantly defending the interests of this alli mportant social element. That is the difference be
courts.
between American class courts and Russian class
GOMPERS AND RUSSIA
M
formal protest
the participaI NtionAKINGhas but addedinoneagainstitemConference,
of Soviet Russia
the Genoa
Mr. Gompers
more
to his piti-
ful "policy" towards Russia. All the world knows
that Russia is broken down industrially, and that
its only hope for rehabilitatisn rests in commerce
with the balance of the nations. And all the world
knows likewise, that the whole European economic
system is so shattered that it can never be set right
while the Russian blockade is on. But all this means
nothing to Mr. Gormpers. H e has his own pet little
theory (apparently gleaned from the New York
Times) as to how the Russian people should conduct their Government, and until they canform t o
it Mr. Gompers is willing to let world economics
go hang.
Mr. Gompers' attitude toward the Genoa conference is altogether in line with his attitude towards
the Russian famine relief work. Here are twenty
millions of peasants starving to death under the
most awful circumstances, yet Mr. Gompers, although standing a t the head of a great movement
whose sole aim is the lifting up of the oppressed
and the suffering, has made absolutely no effort
through -the American Federation of Labor to raise
funds for their relief. They are not even Bolsheviki, but Mr. Gompers is so blinded and unbending
TWO KINDS OF CLASS COURTS
in his hatred towards everything Russian that he
H E American courts are like the Russian courts, would l et t hem die without extending them a helpin that they are class courts. I n both countries ing hand of fellowship. This is carrying political
the courts are instruments to keep a class in sub- partisanship beyond the uttermost pale. Even the
jection. But they differ in the fact that the Ameri- capitalist politicians themselves, the H ardings a nd
can courts hypocritically deny their class charac- others, whom Mr. Gompers himself has denounced
ter, whereas the Russian courts proudly boast of it. as the blackest reactionaries, have shown more heart
In the United States the Landises, t he Andetsons, and human sympathy in the situation.
How long shall this shameful thing be allowed to
and the thousands of their ilk who wear the Urobes
of justice," shamelessly do t h e w otk of the employ- continue? Is it not time that Organized Labor
ing class and crush the workers down t o submission. awoke from its slumber and insisted upon a rational
They fill t he jails with Mooneys a nd Howats, and policy towards Russia? Mr. Gompers' senile prenegate every liberal law on the statute books. Then judices must be swept aside or overridden. Labor
with solemn pomposity they fare forth t o convince in this country must demand the unconditional lifta gullible world that their purely class institutions ing of the blockade against Russia, and the extenare based upon principles of impartiality. How dif- sion of every possible assistance to her hard pressed
n
ferent it is i Russia! There the c ourts soak the people.
T
�28
THE LABOR HERALD
THE INTERNATIONAL
GREAT BRITAIN
E British trade union movement is now passing through a severe crisis. I t has recently lost
quite heavily in membership, and conditions of
labor have been somewhat worsened all around.
This is largely due to the terrible industrial depression, which is the worst in Britain's history. On
December 31st, t here were 1,885,300 workers totally
unemployed and over 2,000,000 on short time. Government figures put the total number of days work
lost last year from this cause a t 50,000,000. I n addition to this naturally disadvantageous condition,
the trade unions are also afflicted with a considerable amount of demoralization. This set in among
them after the betrayal by t heir leaders in the Tripple Alliance strike movement last Spring. The
workers have largely lost heart. An illustration of
the general state of the movement is seen in the
circulation of the London Daily Herald, which has
dropped from 400,000 in 1920 to about 200,000 at the
pesent time.
Taking advantage of the situation, so favorable
to them, the employers are making a big drive
against the organizations. In nearly every trade,
transport, railroads, textiles, metal, etc., they are
forcing the unions slowly backward. In a few instances they have actually gone so far as to declare the "open shop," which has created quite a
sensation in airtight union England.
Unlike our leaders here however, the British
unionists are not standing idle and helpless under
this attack. They are meeting it by a general
tightening up of the lines everywhere. Get-together movements are the order of the day now
in England. The Miners and the Metal Workers
(A. E. U.) have signed an agreement whereby the
A. E. U. members working around the mines agree
to strike whenever the miners go out, and they
also agree to pay a portion of their dues into the
Miners' Union to cover the cost of negotiations
with the companies. Besides this a most important amalgamation has taken place in the transport industry, fifteen big unions having joined
hands and formed the Transport and General
Workers' Union. The National Union of Shipsy
Cook, Stewards, etc, has amalgamated with the
British Seafarers Union and formed the Amalgan ated Marine Workers' Union. Marchbanks of the
National Union of Railwaymen has also declared
For one solid. union of every branch of the railroad
tnd general transport service.
But probably more important than any other
feature of this general closing up movement is the
proposition now being acted upon in referendum
by the affiliated unions, to give the General Council of the Trades Union Congress control over all
serious disputes involving trade union standards
so that the united force of the whole movement
may be brought into action when necessary. The
proposition reads: "that in the event of any attack
being made upon any uni6n's general standard of
wages or conditions, the union should not take
action without seeking the advice of the General
Council, and so giving an opportunfty for the consideration of a united policy!'
This is the first
definite move of the British unions to unite the
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
whole labor movement into one compact organization-much as the Belgium and Australian workers are now doing. It is fraught with tremendous
possibilities.
FRANCE
Sad disruption has come into the ranks of French
Labor. A definite split has occurred between the
right and left wings of the trade union movement.
This is the result of a bitter struggle between the
two.
Before the war the French General Confederation of Labor was a very revolutionary organization, but during the big upheaval many of its leaders degenerated into typical labor fakers. This
forced the radicals to organize groups all through
the various unions in opposition to the traitorous
bureaucracy. The minority organization, known as
the Revolutionary Syndicalist Committee, or C. S. R.,
was in line with the customary tactics of French
trade union radicals for many years past.
To defeat the rapidly growing C. S. R., the old
bureaucracy began to expel local unions connected with it. This provoked still further opposition and bad feeling. At the Congress of Lille
last Spring the disruptionist policy of the old officialdom was rebuked. But after the Congress it
was continued just the same. C. S. R. locals were
expelled on all sides. Things went from bad to
worse, with the revolutionaries trying desperately
to stay in the unions and the reactionaries t o expel
them. The latter think that if they can get rid
of the radicals the Government a nd t he empIoying
class will show appreciation of the "cleansed"
unions by giving them recognition and consideration.
Finally the situation got so bad that the organized revolutionaries. to save themselves from annihilation and the movement with them, called a
special national convention to decide upon their
next move for unity and a militant labor movement.
At this juncture, the. Red Trade Union International (Moscow), fearing a split, proposed to the
International Federation of Trade Unions (Amsterdam) that the two bodies meet and compose the
differences between the warring facttons. But the
latter conservatiee organization, which is of one
mind with the French union stand-patters, declined
to assist in keeping the movement intact.
The left-wing unity national convention met in
Paris on December 22-24. To pacify the situation,
it offered to virtually dissolve the Revolutionary
Syndicalist Committee, which was presumably the
bone of contention. But the old officialdom w eie
cold to this. With their unshakable determination
to drive the radicals out even if they had to also
expel the majority of the whole labor movement
that is lined up with them, they refused the conciliation. Then, seeing that all else was hopeless,
the radical convention demanded the calling of a
general Congess of the whole French labor movement early this year and in the meantime set up
a provisional council to act until the Congress takes
plzce.
As things now stand there are practically two
distinct labor movements in France, one radical
a nd the other conservative. Each either has or is
busy establishing provisional organizations in all
of the industries. It is factional war to the knife.
A t present the radicals have the best of it. The
majority of the workers are on their side, won over
by the latter's skillful campaign in the old unions.
Unless all signs fail the old guard are doomed and
the French movement due- for a rennaissance.
BOOK REVIEWS
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
"Through the Russion RevoIution," by Albert
Rhys Williams, is more than an ordinary book.
Williams w ent through the first months of the revolution, a nd was personally acquainted with many
of t he chief actors. He saw the large aspects of
the greatest social upheaval, and a t the same time
preserved a keen sense of the Russian atmosphere.
He gives the reader both in this book. Especially
valuable are the colored reproductions of the flaming posters which are the unique contribution of
the Communists of Russia to the practice of education of the masses. Here is working-class a r t and
science, organized by a working-class Government;
the thing is laid before one in its originaI form,
together with an amazingly interesting story of the
revolution a s seen through the eyes of Williams.
I t is too bad that the book, with all its splendid
features, cannot be published a t a price which
would give it a wider circulation. W e hasten to
add, t hat compared with other book prices in the
United States, this one is very reasonabIe.
29
"Pen Pictures of Russia," by J ohn S. Clarke, is
quite a different sort of book, but in its way quite
as interesting. The author describes it as "Reminiscences of a surreptitious journey to Russia to
attend the Second Congress of the Third International," and the story is a curious mlxture of narrative of the journey, historical ancedotes. literary
recollections and quotations; and keen observations on things Russian and things revolutionary.
Clarke is editor of The Worker, a weekly paper of
Glasgow, and puts the same rough-and-ready vitality into this book that he does into his paper.
T he forty-two photographs reproduced are not the
least interesting part of the book.
"Through the Rusian Revolution," by Albert Rhys
Williams. Boni & Liveright, New York. $2.
"Pen Pictures of Russia," by John S. Clarke. Na
tional Workers' Committees, Glasgow.
SPECIAL NOTICE 1
In compiling the list of 1,000, live wires with
whom we are communicating to organize THE
TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE, we did
our level best to get the names of the most active
and reliable workers in each locality. There is no
doubt, however, but that we have erred in many
places and have got hold of the wrong parties.
Where such is the case, and where our correspondents do not take the proper action in forming
League branches, we trust that the local militants
will realize the difficulties we are under, and will
get busy a t once to straighten the situation out.
m
RAILROAD M EN!
Learn why our trade unions are on the retreat and what to do about i t?
The Labor Herald for April
will be a
Special Railroad Number Articles by many nationally known rank and file railroad men outlining the
weakness of o ur unions and initiating immediate action t o remedy it.
Every Railroad Man
Must Read This Vital Numbg
�T H E L . A B OR H ; E R A L D
LABOR BREVITIES
Newport, Ky.-Tanks
a nd troops are patrolling
the streets here at the request of the Steel Trust, on
account of a strike at the Newport Rolling Mills
Co. Col. Denhart's soldiers have run amuck, assaulting promisciously, so that even t h e city authorities have joined the unions in their protest. Fourteen units of State troops are on duty.
"Provisional Government"
Pittsburg, Kan,-The
o i t he miners of District 14, set up by J. L. Lewis
with a few hundred members, has sent delegates to
the national convention a t Indianapolis to contest
the seating of delegates of the followers of Howat,
consisting of almost 1 ,
3
m miners in the state.
Under advice of friends, H owat a nd Dorchey have
given bonds to secure release from jail for the period of the convention, and are a t Indianapolis to
place their case again before the delegates.
St. Paul-State troops were used effectively here
in breaking the spirit of the packinghouse strikers.
Terrorism on the streets, and invgsion of strikers'
homes by the soldiers were testified to by many
witnesses in hearings before the Grand Jury.
New York-Unions
and workers' organizations
affiliated to the Friends of Soviet Russia have con~ ributedm ore than a third of a million dollars in
cash, and over a quarter of a million dollars worth
of medicines, clothing, etc., in the national drive for
Russian famine relief. Other organizations cooperating through the American Federated Russian
Famine Relief Committe have brought the total cash
well over the half million mark.
Chicag-The
s tory of the mine war in West
Virginia, with its martial law and assasination of
union officials by company gunmen, and wholesale persecution by the State, is told in a series
of articles sent out in February by the Federated
Press. These articles were prepared by the Civil
Liberties Union of New York, a n orgainzation of
liberals not connected with the labor movement,
and summarizes the evidence given before the Senate Investigating Committee which disclosed the
lawless rule of the companies prevailing in the coal
fields of that State.
Washington-"To
secure to all men the enjoyment of the gains which their industry produces,"
is said to be the purpose of a conference called in
Chicago on February Mth, of trade union and farm
organization representatives, and spokesmen oi
liberal parties and groups. The( practical aim seems
to be to secure co-ordinated action in the coming
elections of the labor parties and sympathetic elements. The call is said to be authorized by the sixteen railroad unions.
Albany, N. Y.-Labor
in this state will have an
opportunity to show how much it has learned from
the Kansas miners about the way to kill oppressive legislation, if the bill which has been introduced to establish an Industrial Relations Court is
made law. The bill calls for a special session of
the Supreme Court which will have power to determine wages and working conditions in New York
State, and prohibits strikes and picketing under
penalty of imprisonment. Labor organizations are
March, 1922
March, 1922
and it is r2volutionary; i t i s the only plan offered today that
gives the d igbtest h p e of soIidifying labor'^ s cattered
rallying, to fight the bill, and if it becomes Iaw they
say that it will be openly and in mass disobeyed.
Nebraska City-Governor
McKelvie s ent state
troops into the packinghouse districts here at the
request of the big packing companies, to suppress
the strike.
forces and cglling a halt l o the o ictMious m ar& of organized Capital,
T he fnasue m arks a n epoeh i n o ur labor h istory.- I ca.nt
n ot possibly fail if o w people have a y imagination w hatever; first, b eerum it shows clearly the meet way of tackliag a u r p r ~ b l e m s ; a e m d , i t or$anire.s a ll the heretofore
disorganized radical a nd p ragressiac forces; and t hitd, by
w n o Feb. 10. 1922
eg,
D ear Sir and Brother:-I
have c areidly r ead t h advance
r h n g ~ h u l t a n e o u s l y on a s ingle plan i n many hundred
p ages of t he L AB6R HERALD s eat to me, a a d to shaw
t owns a t t he e m b e , i t draws the fire of our reactionary
what I t hfnk d i t am enclogiia,~m m e r o rder fgr 25 e ~ p i e s leaders from tbe inafviduPil r adical I t h e single laeality,
n
of tka f i s t issae.
t o the h undred t imes rtraagcr g roup in many b n b e d s 08
If t he r est o t he articlks in t hig E rst issuc a r e a s h&- loealitics. This plan multipUer the e B~etiveness of o ur
f
ment-91 a nd timely as t he sdvaner: a rticle I have seea. I
pmpagrrnda a t housandf~ld,whila at the s ame time i t gives
will G v e all my spare time t o a$&
t he good news t hat
the g reatest protection a g a h t d f s ~ r h i n a f i o n ,blacklist, etc.
a tJast we have a atonbhly m a w t hat c overs t he l abat
used a sainst individual a gltatws,
srmblems. n ot only of America, but of t he entire w orld i n
I u nreservedly accept the principles and program of the
a eompteheasive, constructive. a n& a ggressive astamer t hat
League, end affer a ll my spare time in its service. As a
WB ean $eat$ t o the pie-card artist and the t k e r , and
m
member of t he rank and fk I s ay I t is our L a g u e , i t is
i
t he r apid g rgwth of a m ilitant and solidly united E ghting
aar fight, a nd i t i o ur job to put into e @ s t t he pw@;rin
s
laid down h T he Trade Union Educational L a m e .
.
h+w movement.
' F raternally y orvs
Trinidad, Co1o.-Troops which have been patrolling the strike district in Huerfano County coal
fields were withdrawn about the first of February.
Denver, Co1o.-The
S tate Industrial Commission
designed to prevent strikes, has obtained the imprisonment of the leaders of the packinghouse
workers' union, for their part in leading the recent
walkout. Following the lead of the Kansas miners,
the Colorado packinghouse workers refused to recognize the "can't strike" law.
S. H N
..
San Francisco--It is rumored that a move is
about to be made to heal the split in the Building
Trades Council and bring back the unions now outside in the Rank and File Federation. Active unionists say that such a move will be hailed with delight by all sincere union men who deplore the
present disruption.
F rom California.
Fresno, Feb. 1 1922
.
D ear Sir and Bro.:-I.
was sure glad to hear about the plan
YOU a re working o n for the railroadmen, to get us out of
t he hole we are in. The men here are much enthused about
t he proposals, and, looking forward with great interest.
Send me a bundle of the magazine. Fraternally,
CHAS. BRENNEN
F rom the Secretary of a Railroad Union Council:
A SUGGESTION I
St. Paul, Feb. 6, 1922
Dear Sir and Brother:-Please
send me 25 copies of "The
Principles and Program of the Trade Union Education
League" reprint from THE LABOR HERALD. Also advise
if large quantities are obtainable for general distribution.
I am endeavoring to interest the Shop Crafts State Legislative Committee in this work, and if successful, to send a
copy to the secretaries of all local unions, shop chairmen and
roundhouse points in the state.
Fraternally,
( Editor's Note: The leagues in the various cities are requested
to give consideration to the following letter):
New York, Feb. 6, 1 9n.
Dear Sir and Brother :
I see by your Rules of Organization that you
have done, away with all dues and per capita tax in
THE TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE.
Personally I t hink this is a very good thing, and I
a m heartily in favor of the proposition.
We must by all means avoid giving any chance
for the charge of dual organization to be applied to
us. This is accomplished by the rules you have
adopted. Certainly no one can say that we are a
dual union, when the entire finance will come from
literature 'sales, voluntary donations, etc.
The only point that needs consideration is, how
are we to have a definite test of membership in the
League. I understand from the rules how this is
taken care of for the National Conference. W e
are going to have delegates according to the average circulation in our localities of T H E LABOR
HERALD. But this doesn't solve our local League
problem. I w ant to make a suggestion on this
point.
Why should not each local League ask each member to subscribe for THE LABOR HERALD. who
is also a good union man, and wants to join the
League, is certainly entitled to a full voice and vote
in the Lgague; but any one who isn't a subscriber
-well, I'd be inclined to let 'em speak, but dam'd
~f I'd want to see 'em vote.
S a I suggest that each local League make the test
of full membership to be "Subscription to THE
LABOR HERALD!'
Anyway, let's talk it over.
You'll think a long time before you hit on a better
plan to get an accurate and definite membership
list, and a t the same time avoid completely the
dues system and per capita tax. What do you say
to it.
Fraternally yours,
J. S. R.
THE L A B 0R HERALD
Two good ones from Ohio.
E. Liverpool, Jan. 30th, 1922
Dear Comrades:-Have just been reading about the Trade
Union Educational League, and it looks good to me. We
are working along those lines a t present in o ur Potter's
Union; we are trying t o amalgamate four closely related
crafts into one union, and it looks like we will accomplish
it. We have some live wires here, and all are looking forward to the new magazine, THE LABOR HERALD
T. C.
Dear Sir and Brother:-Please
rush about 200 copies of
THE LABOR HERALD and send bill for same.
Fraternally,
J. B
.
F rom the Secretary of a Central Labor Union.
4
J anuary 29, 1922
Dear Sir and Brother:-As
secretary of the Central Labor
Union, I feel it my duty after reading your program to
write you for full information, so that we here can be
playing the game with the rest of the active workers right
from the start. Hoping this venture will meet with the best
of success, and promising you my fullest co-operation.
Fraternally,
January 22, 1922
Dear Comrade:-Rush
by express C. 0 D. one hundred
.
copies of RAILROADERS' NEXT STEP. Must have them
X. Y Z..
.
for system meeting next week. Fraternally
... .
.
New York, peb. gth, 1922
Comrade Foster:-Just
received, read, a d re-read, the advance copy of THE PRINCIPLES AND P R O M O F THE
TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE?
f h ave been
eagerly awaiting the advent of the League, hoping w ith a
w e hadly t inctured with scepticis'm peculiar to the Axnerie aa radical, born and reared i n t hat dualistis, "destroy-the
k F. of L.' atmosphere, which I see more clearly than ever
h as been the curse of the movement for the past thirty
years.
I a ssure you my scepticism has been entirely removed.
The program leaves no room for argument; it is p ractical
Discipline vs; Freedom in Russia
(Continued from page 14)
of the individual for the sake of the mass remains an inescapable necessity of the labor
movement, nevertheless. It is an inexorable
condition of successful movements by the
masses a t this stage of their development.
When the Soviet Government establishes freedom of speech, press, and assembly for all
classes in Russia-and that must soon occurit will be the unmistakable sign t hat the situation has passed beyond the stage of life and
death struggle; the sure indication that the
revolution has triumphed and that the new
society is firmly established.
The Coal Miners Crisis
(Continued from page 25)
g ether a nd map out their course of action.
Then we would not see the machine riding
rough shod over us as heretofore. Knowing
what we want and being fully organized we
would be able to get it.
Brother coal diggers, no dual unionism, no
gecessionism. T hat would be .fatal. B eware
of the man w ho tells you to split the union,
he is no friend of ours, no m atter how well
he may he equipped with hot air. What we
must do is to organize ourselves wi'thin t he
U. M . W. A W e are just on the verge of
victory. Let us go t hrough to the end. We
must continue t o demand the reinstatement
of the Kansas battlers.
&'
�32
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
L IVE WIRES WANTED
T o circulate the following B oob
I
--ThIM&€EIXIATE TASK of the MILITANTS of the American Labor
Movement Is t o PUT ACROSS the Work
1 FOR
Food is the great need in Soviet Russia.
The only food surplus in the world is in America.
If the Russian famine situation is to be met it must be met by America.
I f America is t o meet the situation it is the workers who must act.
There is no one else with the desire or the power.
I n every shop, mine and factory; in every local union; wherever there
are workers, the drive for the collection of funds for the Russian Famine
Relief must be made the matter of primary importance.
The Revolutionary Crisis of 1918-1921in
Germany, England, Italy and France
By Wm.' Z. Foster
64 pages, paper bound
Single copies, 25c each; 10 or more, 15c each
,
, The Russian Revolution
b
1
.
BY w m. Z. ~ o s t e r
155 pages, paper bound, 50c per copy
(Only a few copies left, and no orders filled except for single copies ;cloth bound sold out)
I
:
The Great Steel Strike
BY w Z. ~ o s t e r
m.
265 pages: Cloth bound, $1.75 per copy; paper bound, $1.00 per copy
THE RELIEF OF THE F M I N E
I N SOVIET RUSSIA
1
I1)
O NE HOUR'S P AY A W EEK
FROM EVERY UNION WORKER IN THE UNITED STATES WILL SAVE 10,000,000
LIVES IN SOVIET RUSSIA
It i s up to the trades unions and the trade union men and women, which means that it is
Up to the Trade Union Militants
T o Put the Work Across
The Friends of Soviet Russia has 140 local branches in as many cities. It has collected $400,000, which has been spent for foodstuffs which has been sent to the K amn
District of Soviet Russia in cases marked
"FROM THE AMERICAN WORKERS to the RUSSIAN WORKERS and PEASA$TTS"
The work of the Friends of Soviet Russia must be extended to every city and town
in America. The collections must be increased to the very capacity of the American
working class, which means thah it is
The Railroaders' Next Step
BY w m. Z. ~ o s t e r
48 pages, paper bound
Single copies, 25c each; 10 or more, 15c each
Resolutions and Decisions of the First
World Congress of Revolutionary
Trade Unions-Moscow
P er copy, 15c
SPECIAL RATES TO AGENTS
ORDERS PAYABLE I N ADVANCE
SEND ORDERS AND REMITTANCES TO
III
Chicago, Illinois
Send all communications and contributions to
I FRIENDS OF SOVIET RUSSIA
I/
The Trade Union Educational League
118 North La S de street
Up to t he Trade Union Militants
II
American Section of the I nternationsl Workers' Famine Relief Committee
2 0 1 W est 1 3 t h Street
New York City
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The Labor H erald
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The Most Talked-of Labor Magazine
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�THE LABOR HERALD
june, 1922
I
T HE VOICE
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LABOR
The Railroaders' Next Step:
AMALGAMATION
By W m. 2. Foster
The Organ of Militant Workingclass
Expression
This 64-page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, fills a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
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COMMUNISM AND SOCIETYWm .Paul-+LOB.
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SOCIAL STRUGGLES IN ANTIQUITY
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CONTENTS
P a d I, Oommnnism. Part I a hristianim.
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Part I I aritieisms. Published, October. 1920.
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BUILDING TRADES NUMBER
THELABOR HERALD
Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. Subscription price $2.50 per year. The Trade Union Educational Leanue, Publishers.
"Entered as second-class matter March 23, 1922, at the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879."
Vol. I.
June, 1922
oe
No. 4
The Building Trades Problem
B y Arne Swaback
T
H E Building Trades unions are face to face
with a terrific war, intended to break their
power. A complete combination of all the
hitherto scattered forces of the bosses is
out to establish the so-called "open-shop," and
the unions are in retreat before the assault. The
committees of the bankers, the manufacturers,
the captains of industry, carefully prepared the
union-smashing campaign and are taking one
industry after another. Having driven the unions out of the steel mills, slapped the railroad
unions in the face, and lined up the forces of
Government and the press, they a re'now engaged in battering our hitherto strongly entrenched building trades unions.
The fight was started in city after city,
throughout the country, and extends from coast
to coast. In some places the bosses have made
rapid headway against the unions ; in others the
workers have put up a most determined resistance. In every case a well worked out plan
was followed, involving the daily newspapers,
the courts and legislatures of the various states
and cities, and the special organizations combining all the employers' forces, variously named
"American Plan" associations, Citizens' Committees, e t ~ . The newspapers began the campaign of propaganda: "Rent is too high! That
is caused by building trades wages, whi* must
come down. Then the building industry will
begin to boom." T his was the key-note, to obtain the support of the 'public.' The pale, fainthearted clerks and the other white-collared wage
slaves echoed:,"Wages must come down."Public opinion was created, and the employers
could proceed with the next step.
Then comes an avalanche of legislative investigations, charges of graft and corruption,
wholesale arrests, commissions of inquiry ; and
finally the decision not to renew contracts with
the 'unions, but to cut wages, destroy union
regulations, and put the industry on the "open
shop" basis. "Arbitration" proceedings put the
seal of official approval upon the schemes, and
the battle is on, with the employers on the offensive. These attacks have everywhere thrown
confusion into the ranks of the workers. The
bosses have cleverly Yaken advantage of the
divisions between the crafts, played off one
against the other, and broken up the solidarity
of the Building Trades. The workers are beginning to wake up to this situation, and today
we are given some cause for encouragement
by the sight, in a few cities, notably Chicago,
of the workers recognizing the immediate necessity for complete unity.
The Chicago Building Trades Struggle
Resistance to the "open shop" drive is seen
at its best (and also examples of its worst) in
Chicago. The most' emphatic protest yet made
by Labor in this struggle was registered in the
great parade held Saturday, April 29th. This
day will be marked in red letters in labor history.
I t was a monster demonstration and protest
against the encroachments of capitalism, embodied in the so-called Citizens' Committee and
the Landis Award. A parade was arranged by
a joint publicity committee of the building trades
unions; more than 125,000 workers marched
shoulder to shoulder. Their banners registered
their solidarity and readiness to fight to the end
against the menacing enemy. Traffic was stopped
for hours in the heart of the city by this demonstration of the United Front of the building
workers. It registered a decided move forward
by Labor.
Already this is being felt, even by the bosses.
I t was a solemn warning to the "Citizens Committee" that the workers are preparing to stop
their retreat. True, the bosses were able to get
in their underhand work even in this parade.
Their agents managed to keep some of the unions
from taking part, by playing up old grudges and
prejudices at the last moment. But it was made
so evident to all that the workers were preparing
themselves for action, that the simple show of
stren@h, &arching down the streets shoulder to
�4
-
T'I.;~.E" L A - B O R H E R A L D
June, 19%
June, 1922
T HE, V A B Q R . H E P A L D .
I
$boulder to. the musi= of bands, has created a. i ng hundreds % ofhnion officials and .members,
charging them with complicity 5.1the killing of
+han$e in the situation.
Thk >mili!ant mood b f h e workers is shown 'two policemen during a bombing affiir. The
by a story going the rounds of the union halls. whole city is in a turmoil, unequalled since the
Samuel Gompers was in town for the occasion. days of the Haymarket riot.
The Building Trades Council finds itself pracOne of his henchmen asked permission to have
an automobile in the parade. H e was notified tically helpless. Its past fights have been against
that all must walk in this parade. Gompers de- the contractors. But no longer is this a case of
clined to do so and the parad9 went *its way . fighting against disqnited bosses. The council
ih ts'trw:light, as a loose federa.. ,
:.
-without him.
._
- - h a ~ . b e e n - & ~n i~
I n the strike leading up' t o
demonstkat?on, tion with ea$ craft really acting for itself, and
many stormy events took place. On May 1,~1c92~, i t cannot: cope with the situation. A number of
the employers semed notice of wage reductions. unions have meekly submitted, others have
The unions msiskd, apd m any of them .were sttuck, and others have bargained for sepatate
rlwker! out, A st&e .foIlowed, .and a fter weeks conceksions from the bosses. The "Citizirns'
& struggle, arbitration was agreed to, with the Committee" has become arrogant, and other un,
usual detrimental effect to the workers. Judge ions which took up the fight have been "outLandis became the arbitrator, by consent of a lawed," and the general confusion is increased.
Several desperate efforts have been made, from
number of the smaller unions. The carpenters,
painters (whose agreement had not expired), the ranks of the workers to obtain unified action.
and three other unions, comprising in total mem- But such moves are frustrated by the I n t e r n
bership a large majority of the building wotkers, tional officials, and they also meet the resistance
refused from the beginning to submit to arbi- . of many. local officials. They seem to dread 'the
'thought of the rank and file workers getting tot ratim
Landis, in his notorious "award," not only gether. But when the agreement of the painters '
judged the questions in q spute ;h e also enlarged expired, *April I, 1922, this large body got into
the sco6e of his decisions t o cover the unions not the fight. Their District Council called a con.parties to the proceedings, and assumed jurisdic- ference of delegates from the outlawed trades,
tion over working conditions, writing the follow- and t he joint publicity committee was created.
ing "open shop" conditions into the award: This body united and -crystallized the opposition
"There .shall be no stoppage of work individ- to the "award" and has finally brought t he conually o r collectively under penalties prescribed." flict t o fie new stage evidenced by the big dem"There shall be no restriction against any onstration above-mentioned. .
manufactured material, except prison made."
W hat bas happened in Chicago indicates fairly
nm-union men well t he general situation in the building tradeg..
"In case of- smciV of
work wkh
men
such time as True, in many places the unions have not f?red
union men .may b e obtained."
so well, and have been almost completely deThese
n~~~~ breaking the power
feated; in Chicago there is sti'll struggle. But
rhe unions, and their ultimate destruction. T he
the workers a re in r etreat; Seattle,
workers Protested violenfly- For a time there Butte, Salt La&, Denver, Boston, S an Francisco,
were
s~ontaneousstrikes. But a
and other cities, bear witness to this. T he emof the leaders began to manouver their unions ploye*, are united with millions of dollars to
into 'accepting the "award."
Meanwhile, t he
spend do break the unions. The unions are dicagitdists had organized the "Citizens Commitvided, and their treasuries are rapidly being emptee" t o enforce the award, raised a war-chest of
.
tied.
millions, set u p a scabsupplying agency, mobilDivision Causes Workers' Weat
.
ized bank credits against She small contractors,
T he source of our weakness is readily found.
and completely united their forces. Unions refvsbg, t o .work under the award were declared Our industry is a veritable chaos of craft unions,
"outlaw" and a bitter war began ; armed guards pulling in different directions and fighting each
were placed on the jobs to protect imported other. Within many of these craft unions are
scabs, who were working side by side with union split-hair divisions, where members are confined
men. The strike has been marked by extreme to certain branches, and fight about the inner
violence. Bombings., both of,union and non-union lines of demarcation. O ur Councils, and the
workers have taken place. The "Citizens' Com- Building Trades Department, which could be the
e e e " has declared publicly that it will slug basis for establishing unity of action, merely
two union men for every scab that is beaten up. serve as places where these fights may be carried
As we write this the police of the city are raiding in different forms.
Craft divisions are largely responsible, in turn,
the building trades offices on a great scale, arrest,
f or the poor leadership, and lack of vision among
the officials. These men, from the lowest to the
highest officials, havk been nourished in an atmosphere of craft exclusiveness. They have
worked for years in deadly M t y . toward other
crafts, bred of t h4 f ear that Wr jurisdiction
may be infringed upon. Accustomed by this condjtion to attempting to gain advantages for their
own craft at the expense of others, it is onlx
another step to h d themselves working with the
bosses against the others. Thus they lose sight
entireIy of the broader aspect of the commoq
fight against ex@oitatioa
~ o s'of the other evils wGch hold back our
t
u dons and deprive them of power, also find
their breeding ground and natural habitation in
craft division. Countless opportunities are open
t o'the dishonest few, that element which can always be found in any aggregation 'of men. With
t he'rich o pkings f or graft, 'it is often the most
unscrupulous business agent who can build up
the most power. If he is willing to enter into
an alliance with the employers, he is able to
keep his adherents a t work, while those who
have the temerity to question his control at the
union meetings, can be forced to walk the streets
in idleness. This petty tyranny has created an
atmosphere in some unions which has proven
fruitful soil for the poisonous seed of the "open
shop9"ropaganda of the employers. All these
f o r d s swork for the boss, who cleverly makes
capital of them; and a ll can be traced directly
back t6 the fundamental cause of d t division.
"Internal strife has been a terribls evil in the
p'aSt; Today it is sdisasterous. In the face of
the tinited attack made upori us by the employers,
it threatens ta d btroy o ur organizations. It will
c e M y do so, if a remedy is not found. T he
r kisdy is amalgamation. Truly our present
situation is "Amalgamation or annihilation."
I*,
'w~
o
s
1
a
thq capitalist sheets and dmouncing u Bolsheviks an? disrupters t h e workers who a& advocating for the& unions the same m ea~iuEof mala
gamation that the keqer-sighted employers were
actuaUy putting into prac$icq.,> Unify of action
eah be guaranteed only by unity of organization,
and the Building Trades Unions will stand on
their feet with 'power to protect their memlp$$
only when they have completely unified their OF
gapizations into one 'union to cover the entire
indus~.
T he time has now come for the militant unionists in the building industry to take the lead;
they must organize, all, q e i r forces upon a great,
campaign of education, to infuse their nuniions,
with the new spirit, and give them m undersgqding of &e effective ,modern forms of organ&-,
..
tion.' qur unions must be molded to the form,
which will meet our needs. Amalgamation of the.
unions of the e,ntire industry will give us. the
united front capable, of meetingathe,f ~ r c e s hich.
w
SF& to destroy us, and powerful e nough,to dc-,
feat t q n T he reconstruction of our e o n s i s,
lq.
the immediate. program of militant u niaists,.
il
which wl lay the f owdation , of.control by the
workers, and. the ultimate establishment of the
~ orkers*..Itepablic. , ,
. . ,.,
Tbe Bosses Show the Way
T h e employers do not allow sentiment or pre-
-7
*
judice to prevent them from organizing thoroughly. Amalgamation has no terrors for them ;
they want power to crush the unions, and know
&at ta have power they must have unity. So
everywhere we see them join forces. No where
is this more strikingly iflustrated than in Chicago.
D ligng the present bitter struggle they have
ahalgamated their organizations, the Associated
Building Contractors, and the Building Construetion Employers Association, into one solid body.
Conpast the employers' militant policy of solidarity with the backward stand taken by the
bbilding trades union officials on amalgamation.
Almost at the very moment that the bosses were
amalgamating, Mr. Gompers was iulminating in
,,
V
I
�6
T H E LABOR HERALD
I
June, 1922
Call for National Conference of the
Trade Union Educational League
T H E LABOR HERALD
Towards Unity in the Building Trades
B y Joe Petersen
T
HERE is serious division of Labor's forces the agents of the Steel Corporation. Large con-
in the Building Trades. Both nationally
and locally our forces are broken up. We
are finding it impossible to get common action,
in the face of the most terrific attack which our
unions have ever had to face. We are attempting
to meet the situation with antiquated, 18th' century methods of craft unionism, while the employers have united all their forces so that they
act together in the entire industry. Due to the
disease of jurisdictional disputes, our organizations are falling back before the enemy.
Wars between the unions over jurisdiction result from the craft divisions existing between us.
When the process of building was simple and the
employers were competing small contractors
without great capital, then the divided craft
unions had a chance to make a showing and obtain a few concessions. But the industry has
been changing. In the process of building, a revolution has taken place. New methods have
been introduced, new materials have become
common, and machinery is playing an ever greater part in the industry. Today, while suburban
building remains technically simple, the dominating factor in the industry is the standard city
building of steel and concrete. The new elements
brought in by this change, cut across our craft
lines. This brings the craft unions into conflict.
The amount of work being limited, each craft
wants to get the lion's share. We then have a
mad scramble among them, often several claiming
that the nature of the work places it under their
jurisdiction. There is usually plenty of evidence
on all sides, with nothing to decide between them
but power. So they fight. The test of battle
has for rnanv vears been the onlv one to receive
respect. The result is a continual, bitter fratricidal struggle, with consequent loss of power and
demoralization.
M
I LITANTS! At last the time has come their strength in recent years by consolidating
for us to draw up our programs and to their organizations, amassing vast riches, and
organize our forces throughout the labor becoming intensely class conscious, the trade
movement. The Trade Union Education League union leaders cling desperately to their own anis about to hold its first National Conference. tiquated system. They are constitutionally o p
The meeting will take place in Chicago on Aug. posed to all real organization betterment and
26th and 27th. Militant union workers from every habitually fight it to a standstill. Intellectually
locality and industry are herewith cordially in- they are frozen over solid. There is hardly
vited to attend.
a twig of progress showing above the cold
The labor movement is now passing through and lifeless surface of their collective mind.
the most serious crisis in its entire history. With = But if the static trade union officials fail to
unexampled aggressiveness, the employers are perceive the necessities of the movement, the
smashing one section of it after another. Ortho- the moral courage to acknowledge them), the
dox trade union methods and tactics are unavail- dynamic rank and file will and must seize the
ing to stop this "open shop" drive. Drastic new initiative itself. Hence, the National Confermeasures will have to be applied, or the labor ence of the Trade Union Educational League.
movement will be annihilated and the working This representative gathering of rank and file
class left helpless in the grip of the exploiters. workers will not only point out the needs of
T he multitudes of craft unions must be amal- Organized Labor, but will also outline a camgamated into a series of industrial unions. The paign of education to satisfy these needs by
prevailing craft form' of unionism is out-of-date revamping the prevailing philosophy, amalgaand obsolete. It no longer conforms- to indus- mating the unions, and giving them new leadertrial conditions. It prevents real solidarity and c L k
it must give way t 0.a type of organization that
T he Trade Union Educational League is op
will include all the workers in a given industry.
The multitude of craft unions must be arnalga- posed on principle to dual unionism. It is not
Only the industrial form of organization can cope a labor union itself, nor does .it propose to bewith the powerful employers. Another vitall?~ come one. I t is solely an educational body. It
necessary step is the discarding of the existing aims, not to split the mass organizations, but to
trade union philosophy. At present our labor unite and strengthen them in every possible way.
unions are in the anomolous position of having The proposed conference will not be held for the
w orkhg class bodies and capitalist minds. They purpose of furthering secession movements, but
are in fundamental contradiction with theni- to work out an organized, intensive campaign of
selves. They have proletarian interests and constructive, militant education in all the indusinstincts, but their petty-bourgeois point of tries. Representation will be based upon the
view lleutralizes them. Hence their every effort local general groups of the T. U. E . L.. each of
is paralyzed by uncertainty, timidity, and weak- which shall be entitled to six delegates-if there
ness. And so it musf remain until they finallj is no such group in your town, organize one at
come to realize that there is no hope for the11-1 once so that you may be represented. Trade
- except in the abolition of capitalism and the es- unions and central bodies may send only fraternal
tablishrnent of a workers' r e~ublic. Then. and delegates. Each participating organization shall
t hai only, with a revolutionary goal before them, take care of the expenses of its delegates.
Do you believe that Oiganized Labor should
will the trade unions gain the clearness of aim
and the militancy of spirit indispensable to suc- have a real rebel spirit? Do you believe that
the craft unions should be amalgamated into
cess in the modern class struggle.
I n the present crisis the old officialdom stand industrial unions? Do you believe that the trade
in helpless! consternation. They are at their union movement should have new and militant
wits' ends. Again and again they apply the leadership ? If so, come to the National Confercustomary trade union methods, only to be over- ence of the Trade Union Educational League. It
whelmed by fresh disasters. But still they do not will be one of the most important gatherings in
change these methods. Disregarding the patent the history of the American labor movement.
Wm. Z. Foster, Sec'y-Treas.
fact that employers have enormously increased
'
.
SA*q,.
Our Unions Lag Behind
T he increased power of the employers has been
forcing the unions to also. close up their ranks.
The bosses find, with each new step in their consolidation, that they have more power as against
the workers. Their greed for huge profits immediately causes them to attack our wages and
working conditions. We resist one at a time
with our craft unions, but find ourselves losing.
Then we finally search for ways of acting together. For years the writer, who is a practical
building tradesman has taken part in these e'fforts
toward unity. Thus, although the workers' organizations are continually lagging behind those
of the capitalists, they are nevertheless constantly changing and coming gradually closer together.
During the years 1900-1910 there were many
amalgamations brought about of closely related
crafts. The movement gained great headway for
a time, resulting, among others, in uniting the
The Employers' United Front
steamfitters and plumbers; the carpenters and
W l e we have been fighting among ourselves, wood workers; the granite cutters, polishers and
the employers have been busy in another way. rubbers ; the stonemasons and bricklayers ; the
The rapid development of large and expensive marble workers and several independent unions ;
machines in building, with the use of steel and and the hod carriers and the excavation laborers.
other new materials, did not affect the bosses in The reactionary leaders did their best to head off
the manner it did the unions. Instead, it became the movement, but even they were forced to
i
a power for unifying the employers against our give it lip-service. Samuel~Gompers,n addressorganizations. More and more capital was re- ing the marble workers convention in 1909, exquired for machinery and equipment, greater pressed the hope that all men engaged i n. the
sums were needed for building investment ; i t stone industry would soon be in one powerful ornaturally followed that the industry came into the ganization. The movement culminated in the orhands of the trust companies, great banks, and ganization of the Building Trades Department
d
..
i
struction has thus come to be directly controlled
through the giant construction companies and
banking interests, while the great bulk of small
building is kept in line by the control of building
loans.
This concentration of capital and financial con'trol, has been going on for a long time. Following it has come the unification of the building
trades employers into ever more powerful associations. These have continually been combining
and amalgamating, until today the building interests have one organization, directing throughout the country the fight against the unions. The
so-called Citizens' Committee in Chicago combines practically all building interests, controlled
and directed by the great bankers. In other cities
the unions are similarly fighting the united power
of the capitalist class.
.
�8
.
THS L A B 0R H-ERALD
of the G F of L., in 1908. T his was a definite
.
'
recognitibn of 'the common interests of all uriions
in the' building industry, and a step toward uniiication.
T he organization of the Building Trades Department was a very "radical" step. The writer
remembers quite well the fights that raged around
this issue. Many of the same arguments now
used against the program of the Trade Union
Educational League were then hurled against the
idea of forming the Department. But in spite of
the' reactionary fulminations, the "radicals" of
that day went ahead and established the Department.
- T h e new body was intended to eliminate the
worst features of jurisdidional wars, and to
bring about greater unity between the various
craft unlons. I t was a great step forward. At
least it got-the uniond in touch with one another,
and h id the basis for some approach to common
action. But its results, especially under the
pressure of the employers' present organization,
have not justified the high hopes placed upon it.
It has exhibited the fundamental weaknesses of
all federations. In moments of greatest crisis,
when strength is needed most, it has a disconcerting habit of giving way, leaving the unions
in dire confusion. The wars of jurisdiction rage
09. T he Department is only another field of
battle. Union resources are still taken up more
with f ighthg each. ofher, than in fighting the employers. The bosses are also affected by these
6
June, 1922
..
struggles ; strikes over jurisdictional dairns continue, and' the "fair" employer is' i n'the same
danger of them as the "unfair" one. The net
result for the unions is loss. Federation has ,not .
..
met the situation.
.
Two Felse Remedies
%
Efforts t change this situation have been
o
many. Two of them should be pointed out, because, coming from widely different sources,
they are equally false and dangerous to the
workers. One is the effort of the employers to'
set up "impartial" boards to decide upon juris-'
diction; the other is the program of dual unionism advocated by the I. W. W. and others. Ufitold mischief has been done by both of these
quack medicines of unionism.
The movement for a national board to arbitfate
jurisdictional disputes was launched by engineers
and employers. The proposal for such a board;
composed of architects, engineers, employers and
employees, was brought before the Atlantic City
convention of the Building Trades Department.
One delegate, speaking for the adoption, said that
he believed it would go far toward eliminating
the radical element from the building trades. The
proposition was adopted. The organizatiofi which
this same delegate represented is now out of the
Department because of defiance of this board of
awards. Differences between the unions cannot
be settled by any outside agency. They must be
eliminated by the growth of solidarity inside; 2nd
the unificatiw of the various unions. Instead of
June, 1922
THE L A B 0R HERALD
solving problems of jurisdiction, the board of
awards has been a tool for further dividing the
workers against one another. Those unions
which, like the Carpenters', refuse to accept its
decisions are obeying a fundamental instinct of
the 'trade union movement not to allow nonworkers to dictate solutions to their problems.
The program of building new "ideal" unions,
to replace the imperfect craft unions, has been
one of the chief evils of the labor movement.
Disgruntled and rebelling elements have thought
to take a short cut to solidarity, by breaking
away and starting all over. Actions of this kind
have done nothing but increase the confusion and
weaken the labor movement. Today it is plain
to all intelligent men, that progress cannot come
in this way. Every m e of the many efforts in
this direction has failed, and dual unionism is
dead in the building trades. The militant union
men have learned to be on the watch for. this
tendency, and to root it out in its beginnings.
For Building Trades Unity
T he way out of our present mess lies along
the road of arnalggmation, the unification of all
building trades workers for common action on
wages, hours, and policies in the industry. One
union covering the entire building trades is required.
Such a plan will not mean wiping out craft
lines, wherever these meet some need of the
workers. Instead, it will take the form, outlined
b
in 1913 y the famous Tveitmoe resolution adopted by the Building Trades Department but not
carried out, which groups together the closely
related crafts, such as the mason trades, pipe
trades, iron trades; wood-working trades, ets. In
a Building Trades Industrial Union these groups
would form departments, under the general executive which would have supreme power on
questions of wages, hours, disputes, etc. Within
these departments the old craft units could be
retained as sections and separate locals, so long
as wanted to handle purely craft matters. Related crafts will also have the machinery for
handling their own peculiar problems, in the departments. But in the struggle against the
bosses, t h y will all bg united under one executive
commitke, concentrating the enti& power of the
building trades workers.
The technical obstacles to this program are
not great, W e e the railroads, the building
trades (with the exception of helpers and laborers) are vecy d ose tagether in wage scales. T he
adjustmeats ne&sary a re easily provided for by
the department and craft sections. The advanbges w e so evident and so immediate, that they
completely overshadowed any little objection that
m ay be raised.
A great source of weakness today is the thousands of workers in the small towns, where there
are not enough of their craft to make a live local
union. The small-town worker is just as good
material for unionism as, the ordinary union man
in the city, but he does not have the association
of numbers of his fellow craftsmen to keep him
in line, as the city worker has. Imagine w kit
would happen to our great city local unions if
they were divided up into little groups of three
or four, or even 15 o r 20. T he organizatioil
would die out. That is what happens, particularly in the smaller crafts, when you leave the large
centers.
T he Building Trades Industrial Union could
immediately rally all these workers to the union.
The cities like New York, Chicago, and the like,
would need little change in the local unions. The
next smaller cities could unite tbe little fragments
of locals together according to groups thus giving
them size and strength and a feeling of power.
The little towns could have department locals,
or even one local of all building workers in the
villages, even if there should be only one or two
in each craft, and have a fair size local union
which could be alive and healthy. Consider that
this would eliminate the entire supply of scabs,
relied upon by the bosses in fighting the union,
and judge the value of such a united organization in increasing our power. Every buildtrades worker in the country would soon be a
union man with a paid up card and membership
in a live local.
Greater power for the union, that is what
amalgamation means. The employers are out to
smash our unions. They do not discuss the right
or wrong of it-they have the power. The only
thing that will save our unions and defeat the
bosses is greater power. When, instead of a
score or more of executive committees a t the top,
each making a different decision a d p a k g
different ways, we have one committee uniting
in itself the combined power of the txtlilding
workers: then we will stop our retreat and move
forward to new victories. Amalgamation is the
road to that goal.
b
Take this up in your union and urge w tba~e
taken to get all ourr unions together, for the puppose of consolidating their forces. Get yrmr
local union to act; take it to your distriet e m cil; then put it up to your intematiowl mecutives and conventims. Demand h : ogr 6
ty
cials take action. Vote for those union men f ~ r
office in your union, who stand for this prcgmm.
HeSp to defeat those who oppose It. Discuss the
question wherever building trades w o r k s
together, and make this the domiaating i w w in
the entire industry.
�June,
1~22
t
A Tale of Two Cities
THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922
6f the trade unions (the ~ b s c o wo r Red Council of Labor Unions). -
H ow the Conventimrr: Differed on the Large
T he Conventions of the Imternatio~zal L adies Garment Workers' Union and
of the A w . 1 g a m t e d Clothing Workers of A w i c a i n. Cleveland mzd Chicago.
T
HERE is nothing easier than to label a
thing or an event. A living, complete
reality is thus easily reduced to a formula,
and there you have it: merely catalogue it and
shelve. it in your memory or conscience. But
then-what ? Then nothing.
Labels h ' t Explain
- A mere fact in history or in life, which is
history in the making, is of no significance whatsoever unless it generates.new force and determines development. And so is the knowledge of
a fact of'no value unless the fact is conceived
in its living connection with what had preceded
it and what follows it. Naked facts, tom out of
their immediate environment, are but incidents
or accidents devoid of much meaning. The knowledge of facts outside of their historical soil is
fruitless, barren of results; and the labeling of
t
facts, perhaps a times' an easy pastime, is at all
times a waste of time. Yet it passes quite often
as judgment and it helps to create what the
market is willing to designate as public opinion.
f L. G W. U. Not Reactionary, nor A. C. W.
o A R&olutionary
f.
The two conventions of the two large unions
in the needle industry held the other day in
Cleveland and Chicago, are illustrations of the
above. H ere large gatherings of labor, organized and aggressive, militant labor made inroads
into history, legislated their immediate future
and determined, in so far as it can be deter-.
mined, what their policies shall be in the days
to come. But what do we see? The press, the
transfer-agent of public opinion, satisfied itself
with the recording of a number of happenings
at these conventions, for the most part an uncritical sort of recording. It then had the happenings duly labeled, and the "movement" is
ready to proceed to other "unfinished business,"
most likelv to "finish" it in much the same fashion. The iibel is the finishing touch in portraying
life.
The convention of the International Ladies
Garment Workers was reactionary throughout,
and that of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers
of America was the one bright spot on the marred
background of the American labor reality. Thus
public opinion summed up the two momentous
labor gatherings, and that i s all so many of us
are satisfied to know. But when we know all
this what do we know? Even if a step further
is made and personalities are introduced to supplement the facts, we still are none the wiser.
Suppose we accept, without critical analysis, the
verdict of newspaper-made history that Benjamin Schlesinger, of the I. L. G. W. U., is a diedin-the-wool reactionary, and Sidney Hillman; of
the A. C. W. of A., is the spirit incarnate of revolution, what then? How much more do we then
know ?
O- pposition In Both Conventions Rather Weak
Only eight hours of travel divide Chicago from
Cleveland, the seats of 'the two conventions, yet
measured in units of political and spiritual advancement,-as evidenced in .the two needle industry conventions, it would seem that there is
a quarter of a century of distance between the
two cities. That much may be readily admitted
if judgment shall be based on appearances. But
is it right to do so? Does judgment by appearances lead us anywhere? Hardly, as a matter of
&..
"&.I
L I ULll.
But let us have a glance at facts.
The convention of the I. L. G. W. U. ran
under the sign of fight on the left wing. I n the
convention gf t he A. C. W. of A. the left wing
felt quite at home. As one onlooker termed it,
there the opposition was extremely anxious not
to embarrass the administration, otherwise it was
rather comfortable. It would be interesting, then,
to discern the objectives of the opposition or the
left wing in either case. And this is not at all
easy to do, as it was shown in an article in the
preceding issue of THE LABOR ERALD.The opH
position in the needle industry is not homogeneous, it is in the making as yet and it lacks both
in clarity of vision and in oneness of purpose.
And, it may be added, it also lacks most badly
in training.
Some Objectiveis of the Left W n
ig
However, in as much as a liberal allowance for
the newness of the situation permits, the following may be considered the program of the most
purpose-conscious element of the opposition or
left wing in the needle unions:
I T he democratization of the organization
.
structure by means of introducing shop representation.
2 T he consolidation of all needle unions into
.
one concentrated fighting body.
3. Lining up with the aggressive world body
Issues
boundaries, engaged in sinister attempts t o defeat and crush the labor movement both within
each nation and on an international scale; a nd
Whereas, .A well-define4 movement $0 defend the sacred cause of labor by co-ordinating
our industrial organizations on an equallj
broad international scale is shown in the communications to the Amsterdam Trade Union International from the Moscow International of
Labor Unions, inviting the former to participate
in t he formation of a United Front of all the
labor unions of the world; t herefore be it
Resolved, That the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers, in its Fifth Biennial Convention assembled, express its approval of the efforts for
a United Front of all the labor organizations
of the world, and give its heartiest co-operation in the fight against organized capital.
Adopted.
On d l of these issues the two conventions took
a stand widely different.
O n the first point the stand of the I. L. G. W.
U. is definitely negative, whereas the A. C. W.
ofA. made ah effort to meet the issue somewhere
haifway. T%e convention of the A. C. W . of A.
empowered €he hcdming administration to
change the organi'c law of the union, wherever
the dernarid f or it will-make itself felt. And it
was let to be known that the geiieral office is in
favor of a 'change in the structure of tIie organO nly those who are intentionally blind could
izatioti'that would bring the'shop as'a unit nearer discover a defeat for the position of the left .in
t o active participation in the goverrimerit of the the adoptation of the above resolution. But it is
union.. . . . " .
.
an old story that with so many wish is the father
' Agajn, on the issue of 'consolidation of ' the
to tha thought.
unions' 'iri ihe .nekdle &dustry,' the' siand o f' the
The I. L. G. W. U., whose defenders-right
&algamated was decidedly positive.' he A. C. or wrong-talk a great lot of unity, would not
W. of A. is for one centralized union $ the in- stand for any "Moscow nonsense," even be it a
dust$ ~ n ' o p p o ; to a IooBe federation of' the genuine effort to bring about unity of all labor.
d
needie tiades, +hi& fis sponsored by t hd I. L. G.
If the actions on the just enumerated three
W: U. Whether a resolution of this kind 'is nec- cardinal points is to be taken as the basis for
;es'sai-ily'a' step t o k r d consolidation' in the hear judgment there would be reasonable ground for
f utute may be questioned;
it is &own that the notion that the I. L. G. W. U. turned reacthe Sternational' ( the I: L. G. W. u:) is' deter- tionary and the A. C. W. of A. has gone decid'
niibediy opposed to such a consolidatioi
edly radical in those convention days. But is it
-.
. - ..
really so?
NOW,on the. point of international" a$liation,
the reports were ~ a.ther isleading, in. so far as
m
W y the D ference in Attitudeh
f
the Chicago convention of the A. C. W , of A. as
One cannot escape facing the following quesconcerned.. W i l e the p.ress hsd it, that 'fthe left
met with crushing defeat on tbe issue of inter- tion, and the questian is to be answered if we are
national affiliation," the following is the truth in to understand what's what.
the q se. There y ere introduced .a number of
The question is-What is really resposible' f or
resolutions a dv~cating. ffiliation with the. Mos- the difference in attitude taken by the A. C. W.
a
cow Council of Trade Unions. These reso1ytio.n~ of A. and the I. L. G. W. U. on a number of
came from local3 and the delegates stood hl- points of great significance? Was it due to a
structed by their mandate of election to have difference in leadership or was a different c0.mthese resolutions brought before the convention. position of membership responsible for the differHowever, in the convention resolution No. 67 ence in attitude? Or-perhaps there was really
evolved and it met with the unanimous approval no such great difference at all in the attitude'of
of all the left -or opposition delegates. It also one organization or the other?
was favored by the administration and it was
As a matter of fact, some ten years ago, one
carried manimousIy. None of the other resolu- would find an exactly reversed situation wi* 'retions favoring direct affiliation had any support- gard t o the organizations under 'consideration.
ers or votes. It inevitably would follow, that The I. L, G . W. U. was then the one radical
there could be no "crushing defeat" under the organization, and the United Garment Workers
circumstarices, and there was none.
of America, the parent body of the present AmalResolution 67 reads :
gamated, was reactionary in many respects. Since
Whereas, the whole tendency of modern then .the leadership of the International Ladies
times is toward the international co-ordination Garment Workers' Union has changed a nd- in
of a ll movements and enterprises, whether they
so far as the personnel is concerned the change
be of labor o r capital; and
Whereas, These are times of monster com- was rather toward the more progressive type.
binations of capital, over-reaching all national And the split that has taken place in the U nited
'
‘sine?
'Z
�SS
L
T H E LBABO B H E R A L D
Garment Workers of America and caused the
growth of the Amalgamated was not a split
along lines of radicalism, or industrialism, o r internationalism, only questions of autonomy and
leadership were involved in that controversy.
W hy then the great change?
The make-up of the two organizations, in so
f ar as the membership is concerned, is not different. The same racial groups, practically distributed in the same ratio, make up the I. L. G
.
W. U. and the A. C. W. of A. T he industry,
that is the market, the technique, the earnings
are closely neighboring, except that the system
of work prevailing in the women's wear industry
still retains a greater part of mechanical skill,
whereas in the' production of men's clothing the
operations are further simplified by a wider application of machinery and by a minute specialization and division of labor.
Logically speaking, there should not be room
for a great diflerence in tactics, if actions of
large bodies are motivated by environment.
Of course, it is inconvenient to discuss the
problem of leadership since it involves the analysis of personal motives or abilities. Yet it
would be nothing short of violation of truth to
assert that the leadership of the two organizations differs very widely on the point of radicalism, at least in so far as formal profession of
faith is concerned. In point of fact, the leader
of the I. L. G. W. U. is a prop of the Socialist
Party and President of its most powerful daily
paper publishing company, whereas the 'head of
the A. C. W. of A. is politically non-attached.
Borsing or Leading
There is, however, one difference in the makeup of the leadership of the two organizations,
and rather a vital one. It lies not in any official
label but in the very conception of leadership.
I n one case i t is an attempt to boss a situation
that is underlying the policy of the leadership,
whereas in the other case the tendency is to lead,
to control the situation by creating or acceleratk g the conditions of the sitqation. Benjamin
Schlesinger is a red-card Socialist, and Sidney
Hillman will tie himself with no political group
or philosophy. Yet the one succeeded in having
even his own party members oppose his policies,
whereas in the other case, the administration appears to be the expression of the living spirit of
the entire organization. It is the great, old yet
ever new problem of leadership that is to be
looked for in the search for light in the situation.
The administration of the I. L. G. W. U had
.
its convention under- its complete control. I t
could have its way
to wholesale political murder of opposition delegates. Yet
.
June, 1922
it did so. The spirit of vindictiveness was manifest throughout the sessions of the body. And
also did the administration of the A. C. W. of A.
h v e the convention under its full sway. The
opposition was numerically weak, consisting of
the disgruntled elements, controlled by the politics of the Jewish Daily Forward, politics foreign
to the life of the organization; and of the left
wing groups who had cgnstrudive o r misguided
notions of organization reform, but throughout
confined to the problems of the union. But the
administration did not seek to antagonize the
opposition by fighting their ideas because of the
spiritual fatherhood. It tried to meet squarely
every issue as it arose, and the result was exceedingly gratifying. N b one left t he convention "licked," unless he came for what he was
not supposed to get there. A "defeaty' on a
point. of principle, in a union, is never a c ams
bell;, never causes animosity, if the fight for or
against the principle is a gallant one. That much
in favor of the A. C. W. of A. leadership will
be conceded by any one who saw the convention
in operation.
To sum up :T he two conventions did not differ
very widely in point of radicalism. Both remained on the safe ground of reality i'n s o far
a s the actual problems concerning the life of the
organization are considered. But, whereas one
body, blinded by a partisan animosity and by a
perverted notion of bossism instead of leadership
has created ill-fekling and narrowed down the
sway of the convention to the degree of pureand-simplism ofl a most primitive type, the other
organization managed its way through difficulties and presented a sight novel in the practice
of the American labor movement. I t was not so
'much the actual difference in the attitude taken
by one organization or the other, on one point or
the other. It 'was the mehtod of approach to a
solution of the problems of the movement that
divides the two otherwise similar organizations.
CHILI
H E industrial, commercial, and agricultural employers of Chili have just combined themselves
nationally into an organization called the Association
of Industry. It is headed by a General Council, composed of one delegate from each province, and one
from each industry. The Association intends "to
take all possible steps with a view to harmoniziag
the legitimate interests of employers and workers!'
It declares it will "defend the right of the individual
to work by all means in its power and will give assistance to members who are faced with difficulties
owing to sympathetic strikes and similar disputes."
T
Dr. Joseph Goldstein, "Russian expert," is quoted
by the Chicbgo Tribune to the effect that '&End
of Soviet Regime is Near." Where have we heard
these 1 6news~efore?
b
June, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
From George to Dick
'
+
Dick Harridan, Engineer, St. Louis, Mo.
Dear Friend Dick:W e all reached home sober and feeling better for the trip. But
since coming back from there I have been thinking over some of our
kitchen-table discussions regarding the union, its policies; etc., and I
want to put my side up to you in a workable form so you wont fail
to understand clearly the point I wanted to make. Here it is:
You are an engineer and probably understand an engine and what
it will do better than I do. Now suppose you had a heavy train, say
2,000 tons, to move, and it was all ready and you were anxious to move
that train to its destination in the least time and at the least cost; and
suppose your future more or less depended upon your making a good
showing on this particular trip.
You find it will take equal to a 160 ton engine to do the work,
and you are told to select your power to make the run. Suppose you
go over to the roundhouse and find that they have 16 engines of 10 tons
each, and one engine of 160 tons, ready for the road. Would you take
one engine of 10 tons and make 16 t rips? Or would you take the 16
engines and make one trip, taking coal 16 times and water 16 times, and
calling 16 more tallow pots, and taking chances on 16 sets of machinery
getting out of order and chances of all not starting together, or some
being in reverse when you started, or maybe an engineer asleep on the
job, or playing hookey to same steam?
.
O r would you take the 160 ton engine, where you had the whole
power necessary concentrated in the one lever under your own hand?
I ask you, as an intelligent engineer, which of the three would you do?
There can be no question at all about your answer. You would
take the big engine. You would do the job in a warkmanlike manner.
Sure, you would.
Now the railroad workers have just this kind of a practical proposition before them at the present time, and they are trying to combat
the railroads by using the 16 little engines, or Brotherhoods, against
the companies who are using the biggest engine they have on hand, and
who are trying hard t q construct one still bigger by misusing the power
of Government, if necessary, to whip us. You might not be able to get
all the power out of the big engine, or general amalgamated union, at
first, but you would soon be able to handle it and to get definite results.
If we cannot combine all our organizations into one, as you seem
to fear that we can't, then we must admit we haven't as much intelligence as the railroad companies have. I such is the case we are a bunch
f
of incompetents and our cake is dough under any circumstances. Think
it over, and look around your yards. to see if you haven't got a railroad
spy among you and the boys, suggesting the ideas you expressed the
other night, because such ideas are in perfect accord with those that the
companies wish you to hold. Perpetuating craft divisions amongst us
fortifies the companies and makes them unbeatable. Amalgamation of
our many unions into one is the only thing that will give us sufficient
strength to defeat them. We must have a general railroad union.
With kindest regards for yourself and all union men and the friends
that assembled Saturday night, I am, As ever,
GEORGE
r3
�June, 1922
The League Under Fire
B y Earl
R Browder
[ NE pages of inflammatory denunciation in
the Americart Federationist! This is the
new high point in the campaign against
'the Trade Union Educational League, the be'ginning of which was reported last month in
, THELABOR ERALD.n the May issue of his
H
I
;house-organ, Gompers runs a long screed of
.slander and vilification, continuing the attack
he started in his April issue and on his trip to
Chicago, Cleveland, and other cities. "Organizers" are busily carrying on against the League
all over the country ; Gompers' pocketpiece,
Matthew Woll, is sent to make a slanderous
.attack at the Convention of the Railway Employees' Department ; and ' ~ e n e r a l residents of
P
unions all over the country are taking up cudgels
against the League. Nearly every International
journal has obediently taken a shot in the same
,direction within the past month, with a few honorable exceptions. The natural culmination
,comes with Gompers' resort to the capitalist
,press i n his flamboyant May 1st manifesto.
In a hysterical fear of everything which even
smells of progressive and militant action by the
jworking class, Gompers is hurling charges reck,lessly right and left. H e is flatly and positively
;against real labor solidarity, and denounces its
d
,advocates as "disruptors." W hat are his arguiments? Does he attempt to prove his charges?
, Not a t all. a e is content to damn the League
:as a "secret" organization intent upon destroying
'the unions (one version),, or to deliver them up
:to Lenine (second version-take your choice).
~Gompers'panic, however, does not prevent him
from extreme care in choice of words, where
2direct charges whose absurdity he well knows,
might lay him open. By skilful juggling of
words he manages, without saying so directly,
to make the charge that the League is being
financed by "Bolshevik Gold." The invitation
.extended to him in Chicago, to inspect the books
'of t he League, is carefully ignored.
1
'
Why Reactionary Leadem Shudder
.
tion of Labor, especially, has reverberated
throughout the labor movement of America. The
national convention of the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, just closed at Dallas, Texas, adopted
a resolution for amalgamating the railroad unions
into one industrial union, and also passed the
Chicago resolution favoring amalgamation of all
craft unions upon lines of industry. In the convention of the Railway Employees' Department,
described in detail elsewhere in this issue, there
was a powerful sentiment for this measure,
which was only headed-off by most strenuous
efforts.
The facts are that Gompers' influence in the
labor movement has been to stultify and stop all
progress. Such a condition is the reason why
the League, boldly proclaiming a program of
q i t i n g o ur unions for effective action, calling
for militant leadership, and affiliation with the
International of working-class solidarity, the
Red Trade Union International, has been given
so enthusiastic a welcome. I t is the first sign
of real life in the labor movement, and as su&
it rallies those in whose hearts hope still springs.
I t is not a violation of confidence to say that
one of Gompers' principal sources of worry is
the knowledge that a surprisingly large number
of high international officials in the unions are
sympathetic to' the League, and are quietly supporting its program. Hardly a week passes without several of these men, from various sections,
dropping into the office of the League to wish
it success and pass a word of encouragement.
They want to see some constructive work done,
and they know the old machine offers no hope.
The reactionary officials have a keen sense for
this atmosphere of wholesale "disloyalty" to their
rule; they do not know how to meet it. So,
with Gbmpers a t the head, they launch a mock
reign of terror. They do not realize that these
very tactics are forcing many union men into the
ranks of the League who would not otherwise g~
the whole way upon the League program. T
%day Gompers is forcing the issue,-"Gompers
and standpatism" or "The League and progress."
All of which is the best possible testimonial td
the correctness of the League's position and the
effectiveness of its work.
T he reason for the panic, witnessed by this
,unprecedented campaign, is very simple. It is,
that the League has received a tremendous re'sponse from the labor movement. The amalga;mation movement, one of the most important
, points in the program of the League, has taken
The Merits of the Argument
o n great headway, and is sweeping through the
We have grown accustomed to have our r e p unions. I t has been adopted by dozens of central lar "May Day Scare" thrown into us each year
labor bodies, and by hundreds of local unions. by A. Mitchell Palmer and similar "Department
T h e resolution adopted by the Chicago Federa- of Justice" officials. Accompanying the w a -
of the bigl cities open wide, and 4th screaming. vilification, and mwth.
Strangely ma?& tb tho* who d a &IX
8 coltma headlines the rnardfesto of Gotapera
kci a waiting world i g i brought j arth U nder Blte the latent: $ @ Wi the trade d o n s , .
m m tn
these q ~ c u k w i t c h - b d g a d - of MF,
,
bidzing heads is carried tsao solumns of such
t he m& of
noqsaaie t hat even the capitalist papers balre been G empm,-sa far fim ~~Q
p
urnable to -refrain freun j o k k g about it. Crompers" t he &ague, h ik~e mmd the m st decided. stirnut
charge w i n s t t he League b in the form of in- hnt t~ i s w e ~ kv53111be8by pmt failures, afld
& muraged by t he. mchianary ~~d ehamcter
fiumdo, and re%& s follows :
a
of
'W. 2 Foster, wka %adno money, went to MOSCOW their miam, atafiy miIiahtats ha8 failed to
.
o
A came back and announced that he was building awaken t the a l l mt out by the Trade Union
d
a great s ectst rgachitrt to uoderazia3e t he Azqedczan Educational L a v e when it w;as
Is;b.er movement and t arn 'it over to the Red ktntermtioaal, a w a d by Z d ETt b ema pubheiltioe of These dormer livewires had lost hope,
ea
&et
z s,xpensive m a w h e and g roclaimd rc thousand upon t he L eague I t mook theforlorn
w
t
d emomtra~cin
dmiried t futility.
o
' s eyet * ~ ~ i s thousand . co-uniti~~"
fa
n
of rm&nary o$icialdom- in a &c:
of f ear t
6
. ~ isreg%di~lg direct lies contained in tbis
.
t he.
conwince them that progress t 'not only posGblt;
paragraph, which -are apparent to any m d e r a nd
which were dealt with in the last &sue of T ~ l e but waiting t o be -called fa& t o transform our
LABOR.
HERALD, e will deal only with .the in&- hbor movemient into a living,-grow& pow&.
w
~ u - !Gqnpem can no longer - hold b d c
l
rect s tatempt that the M e is b e d by Bro.
the tjdess. of propess by m t words. The
pr
L qin of Ruaia. We have ,already poiated aut
e a t Campers was oBerecl Phq opportunity, w h k workers a m getting ready to go forward, and
in Chicago, to examine &% bmkg of the a qpm- eatmot ba mtl& logger fooled. I f the pathway
a
-&icm, but he r;efusc:d t o do so. In t he face of f the fatme m rries them, to k d.uskrid mionbm,
t-O. t d imrdkg of ' f~ssilsl i e : Gom@rs, to afb
this, t he repetition of such a s i d e a nd mouldy
&&rge is $is!inctly in bad faith. The L a p @ &lhtiarn ta the Red T mde Unim htm%at.ianal,
t
demaeds t hat he produce praof of his ~tssertions, Pbey a re not asraid (98 thav-e:W i !or heir name%
T he time ha% p m ~ d hen the scare-craw of
w
or c~
his s hder,
N .G mpers, in dl his decades of oppasitian BrrIsheuism and the bogie-ma of rwalution,
r
o f . G ompe~so of
t~ q ey@ng smacking of progressive or qidical. naanipuhted lby .theMhapdshe-road to betterr orcasx onger CJ& t
tt:ndm~@, a never before display& so much
h
on wad- more w orw-class power. T he
bitterness or attacked mything so atithasly, as
Ize i s
attacking the T rade Union Eciucatiw1- program of the Trade Union Educational L agpe
the way a l o q ithi%r d , the' masses
4 h a g n e . .Not m e n t s ith the use of m o e of has
in the m iom a re beginning t see the way, and
o
t he a m e m t i ~ erade lmian j omaIs, h e needs
t
now that they -have. tftartd it will take m e
must t urn to the c apidistic dailies. T he latter,
significantly enough, g l d y $ve him all the space
I
�THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922
June, 1922
The Railway Employees' Department
Convention
1
F
ROM the standpoint of constructive work, to merely an advisory body, because the Presi-
the convention of the Railway Employees'
Department, recently held in Chicago, was
an almost total failure. This was because it
neither understood the supreme need of railroad
labor, nor did anything to satisfy that need.
What railroad workers require above all i s a
solidification of their ranks, a unifying of their
forces so that they may make efTective resistance
to the powerfuily organized employers. But to
bring about this vital measure the convention did
virtually noffiing. Judging it by results accomplished, it was a standpat, visionless gathering
which refused even to express a desire for real
solidarity.
But, strange to say, ib the convention achieved
little or nothing in a constructive way, it never' theless displayed a g reat volume of radical sentiment. From first to last there was a strong
minority, which on a couple of occasions actually
became the majority, fighting steadily and consistently, if not always wisely and effectively, to
strengthen the bonds between the affiliated organizations and to draw them into amalgamation.
In fact the business of the convention was little
else than a constant struggle between this minority seeking t o progress on towards industrial
uiionism, and the international officials striving
to maintain the present craft alignments. I t was
a case of industrialism versus craftism. Over
it the battle between the two forces raged ceaselessly and manifested itself in every conceivable
fashion. I t was the bone of contention in the
discussions on such questions as the election of
new classes of officers, raising of per capita tax,
jurisdiction, amalgamation, admission of unions,
strike votes, and dozens of others. I t pervaded
everything, made all issues. And t he worst of
the thing was that upon almost every issue the
industrialists lost and the craftists won. That
was the calamity of the convention, the sense in
which it was a failure.
P:
L
-
.
.'
I
.p'i
,
'
'
I
17
tactics, together with all sorts of wild denuncia- ity to support Kutz's appeal. The appeal was
tions, ik took to force the delegates into line so lost, however, as i t failed to secure the requisite
that a majority could be scared up to defeat the two-thirds vote.
proposition.
.
Undeterred by this preliminary defeat, the
R a R evdt Looms
el
progressives waxed dangerously radical. One
The never-ending battle of the progressives delegate got vociferous applause when he defor solidarity of the railroad trades manifested clared:
itself sharply again on the general question of
"I believe the time is here and now when
affiliation of the various unions with the Departwe should decide who is going to affiliate
ment. Two distinct tendencies to this end were
with the Railway Department and who is
in evidence: one to bring into the Department
going to decide which organizations shall
all the real railroad unions, and the other to excome in.-Are we going to let the carpenclude the numerous craft unions that were tryters and joiners, the cigar makers, the pating to edge their way in so that they might ext ern makers, stone cutters, barbers, peanut
pand at the expense of the existing organizapeelers, peddlers, packers and polishers tell
tions. Under the latter head the Painters and
us who is going to affiliate with this Departthe Steamfitters were barred, because their entry
ment?-It
is time for us here and now,
nieant merely to divide and weaken the railroad
American Federation of Labor or no Amerworkers, not to unite them. Under the former
ican Federation of Labor, to say that the
head an invitation was extended to the four
railroad men of all crafts shall be united."
BrotherhooBs t o become part of the Department,
Further attacks were pressed against the Comand the Stationary Firemen were taken in over mittee's report. Amendment after amendment
t he strenuous, opposition of the administration. was offered, but they were all declared out of
This action was taken because it was felt that the order on the same grounds. Finally there was
Firemen wonk4 lend strength to the Department nothing left to do but vote on the report. Then
by coming in.
the p rogr~ssiveswere able to make their majorBut the real fight occurred over the request ity count by voting down the report. This left
of the Maintenance of Way for readmittance the matter before the convention without i ny
into the Department. The Committee reported recommendation. A motion was then made to
that this should not be granted until the organ- admit the Maintenance of Way forthwith. This,
ization straightens out its jurisdictional squab- too, was ruled out of order as unconstitutional,
ble with the Carpenters and is reinstated in the and the rebels lacked the necessary two-thirds
A. F. of L. But the progressives would not vote to upset the ruling.
agree to this ; they launched a determined fight
This last blow left nothing for the progressive
for re-filiation of the Maintenance of Way re- majority t o do but to amend the tabled section
gardless of consequences. They could not see of the Department's laws sd t hat affiliated unions
why the ranks of the-railroad workers should be should not be required to belorfg to the A. F.
split and this important organization kept de- of L. This they hoped to be able to do with
tached from the rest simply because petty poli- their majority vote when the matter was bronght
ticians in the A. F. of L. saw fit t o give aid and before the body again by the Law Committee,
comfsrt to the Carpenters' ridiculous jurisdic- But when the occasion arrived they were asleep
tional claims.
at the switch. Chairman Jewell put the section
The fight started by Del. Kutz moving to to the house and it was adopted without objecamend the Committee's report so s a t the Main- tion before the delegates realized what it was all
tenance of Way might be admitted immediately, about. This put the progressive majority in the
regardless of its suspension from the A. F. of L. same old difficulty of requiring a mo-thirds vote
h n d m e n t ruled out of order on the ground in order to get action. They moved to recon.that a section of the laws provided that only sider the action just taken and though polling
or@atbns
in good standing in the A. F. of L. 82 votes as against 79, failed to get the requisite
&n afffliate with the Department. Kutz appealed amount. An appeal from the decision' of the
from ,the decision, urging the very clever soph- Chair for having declared the section adopted
istry t hat the law in question was not i force without taking a formal vote on it went the
n
became it bad been laid on the table pending same way. Further attempts to amend the laws
further action by the Convention. It was a so that the Maintenance of Way might be adquibble, but so eager was the convention to mitted failed similarly. So, finally, the Prostrengthen its ranks by taking i the isolated gressives had to confess themselves beaten and
n
micm, and so little respect did it have for the give up.
A. F. of L. heads, that it actually voted in majorThe fight of ttre majority to seat the Mainten-
.
dents, although handling the business of the Department, are not responsible to it, but only to
their respective craft unions. T he proposed arrangement would upset this and bring the Council directly under the control of the Department
convention. It was an industrialist proposal of
first rank and its adoption would have gone a
long way towards solidifying the organizations.
Hence, the international officials turned their
heaviest guns against it. Practically all the Presidents denounced it, likewise many Vice-Presidents and Organizers. But, notwithstanding all
the alarmist outcries that its adoption would
wreck the whole movement, the resolution actually got the votes of a majority of delegates, so
strong was the desire to unify the ranks. The
vote was 141 f or and 138 against. The project
was defeated only by an appeal to the antiquated
system of voting by craft units. The six important crafts split three and three on it, bu&two
delegates, one casting the vote of the whole
Clerk's organization, and the other of the Switchmen's, made the h a 1 vote three crafts for and
five against. The thing was lost.
Another battle raged around the question of
increasing the per capita tax paid by the Internationals to the Department. At present it is 1%
cents per member per month. The proposal was
to increase it to 10 cents. This was another industrialist measure. Giviag the Department more
money meant to strengthen it and give it more
independence in the face of the craft unions. The
International Presidents perceived this very
clearly. They wanted to keep the purse strings
in their own hands, to keep the Department poor
so that they might dictate its policies. It was
pointed out that last year the income of the Department, through donations, etc., all of which
came from the craft unions, amounted to 9%
cerits per member per month. But when it was
proposed that this should be collected by a regular per capita tax guaranteed to the DepartT he Fight Be?gins
ment, and not through gifts and voluntary assessOne of the first big dashes came over a prop- ments under the arbitrary control of the Presiosition to enable the Department to elect its own dents, most violent objection was raised. One
Executive Council. As things now stand the a fter another the International Presidents, or
Ekecutive Council is made up of the Presidents their spokesmen, took the floor and stated that if
of the several affiliated craft unions. The effect the increased per capita tax was adopted their
of this is to reduce the ~ e ~ a r t m conventicsn organizations would quit the Department. Such
dt
TH-E.LABOR HERALD
�1
8
THE LABOR HERALD
ance of Way, notwithstanding specific A. F. of
L. law prohibiting it, was a remarkable illustration of the strong rebellious spirit, in the convention. This spirit.was the more noteworthy in
view of the fact that fully 95%'of the delegates
were p 4d o,fficials, system c h a i ~ e n ,each receiving anywhere from $300.00 to $6oo.oo:salary,
plus expenses, p er month. If such high-paid
officials were in this mood it may well be
imagined what was the state of mind of the rank,
and file of workers on the roads. The International officials had to constantly exert all their
power and influence to keep the convention from
running away from them. On nearly every important issue the Presidents, who are usually
reluctant to speak, had to take the floor to hold
,the delegates in check. So standpat, was their
attitude and so unpopular did they become, that
their appearance o a the floor was usually greeted
with ill-concealed groans.
The General Strike V ote
All through the convention the reports of the
committees and speeches of the delegates were
replete with details of how seriously t he organizations are suffering under the "open shopn attacks of the companies. This, in fact, was the
basis of the strong radical sentiment prevailing.
Most of &e delegates realized that the unions
were being driven back and they were eager
for almost anything that would solidify and
strengthen them. A streak of desperation ran
through all the convention's proceedings. This
came strongest to the fore in the discussion on
the question of a general strike of the six shop
trades as a means to put a stop to the "farrriing
out" of work, &he institution of piecework, the
establishment of company unions, and the many
other measures used by the companies in their
militant efforts to destroy the unions and to reduce the workers to slavery.
From the beginning it was evident that a
strike vote would be carried. The only question
was what kind of a strike it should be, a sectional or general one. After reviewing the hostile attitude of the Pennsylvania, New York Central, Erie, Western Maryland and many other
railroads, the Xesolutions Committee presented
a resolution providing for the taking of a national strike vote of the six shop trades if t he
grievances complained of could not be straightened out within sixty days after the close of the convention. This radical proposal did not suit the
Administration and they immediately &gan,to
war against it. Their plan was to confine the
strike merely to the roads affected. Hence Jewell
himself pleaded with the convention. for an
amendment to that end, saying:
-June, 1922
"I am going to earnestly suggest to this
convention t hat the second resolve of this
resolution be amended so the strike ballot
be submitted to the membership .on' the several railroads that may on the date of the
taking of this strike vote, be involved in
the conditions complained of in the whereases of this resolution."
The amendment was obligingly made by a delegate. But the convention reacted viojently
against it. They would have none of its policy
of leaving one part of the shopmen at work to
scab upon those that were on strike. The sentiment was overwhelmingly for a united stand
against.the common enemy. So strong was this
that not even the International Presidents dared
oppose it. For the most part they confined themselves to straddling and to pointing out the difficulties that would have to bg faced.were a national strike called. Some urged that the unions had
no money to finance such strike, and they were
told that the men were hungry 'now and they
.might a s well starve. striking as working. Others
called aqention to the fact that some of the roads
had signed contracts with the shop unions, but
the contention that the roads took them serious
and that the unions should consider them sacred,
was laughed out of court. I t was, indeed, the
time of the radicals. In their determination to
fight and to fight unitedly against the oppressor,
they swept all before-them. The Jewell Administration amendment was overwhelmingly beaten
and the original resolution providing for .a national strike vote unanimously a d~pted. I t was
the one victory of the rebellious spirit of the convention, and it was a veritable triumph.
The Amalgamation Scare
From the opening day of the convention it
was apparent that amalgamation of the many
railroad unions would be one of the most impo'i-tant questions to be considered. The delegates, most of whom realized the imperative necessity of doing something to greatly strengthen
the unions, were full of the subject. They talked
of little else. No less than 40 resolutions demanding. amalgamation in some form or other
were before the convention for action. The very
air was electric with get-together sentiment.
. All.this greatly alarmed the old-time railroad
union leaders. In fact, some of them became
almost panic-stricken. From top to bottom they
ascribed the sentiment to the Trade Union Educational League, which lately had been very activa among t he railroad workers. Their plan was
to scare the budding amalgamation movement.to
death. Caucuses of the delegates were held and
dire warniogs issued of the sad consequences to
follow if amalgamation was encouraged. In this
I
q ' n E : LiA!BO *R H E R A L D
June, 1922
campaign Mr. Gompers hilnself did yeoman service. In a conveniently arranged trip to Chicago,
where the convention was held, he publicly attacked the League most vigorously. Not content with this, he sent his man Friday, Matthew
Woll, to the convention itself to campaign against
the League. Ostensibly Mr. Woll was to advovate the union label, but in reality he spent over
half bis platform time heaping coals of fire
upon the head of our much-maligned organization. His harrangue to the delegates consisted
of the usual torrent of lies and abuse that are
doing service in certain circles as argument
against the League's constructive program. How
frightened he was at the sudden growth of our
educational movement, promising as it does some
real progress in the unions, may be judged by
his lengthy plea that the delegates should not
allow themselves to be made "the tail of a bookselling; proposition," as he dubbed the Trade
Union Educational League. He declared)that the
labor movement was watching to see that this
alarming calamity did not take place. Seldom
has anyone more openly insulted a convention's
intelligence than Mr. Woll with his peurile warnings. But then, he was so anxious to head off
the League and to save the railroad workers
from its terrible machinations that he did not
realize the asininity of his remarks.
.
The Thing Fizzles
T he general air of expectancy and (for the
reactionaries) alarm about the amalgamation
movement increased as the first days of the convention passed and the big fights developed over
various projects tending towards industrialism.
Especially the battle over the election of the Executive Council directly by the convention added
fuel to the flame. Another factor was a mass
meeting called by the League and attended by
fully half of the delegates, at which Wm. Ross
Knudsen and the writer made addresses on amalgamation. Practically everybody looked forward
to a battle royal on amalgamation in the convention, with a good chance for the principle at
least to be adopted. But little came of it. When
the actual issue camegbefore the delegates it
proved pretty much of a fizzle. The industrialists s+ed away from it badly and made a poor
fight. It is not too much to say that a large portion of them were influenced by the intimidations. and red-flag wavings o f. the standpatters.
Th'e measure received only a fraction of the support that it should have, considering the temper
of the convention. It was one of the ironies of
the convention that the body of the delegates
fought consistently for at least a dozen different
measures, all making for the fusion of the railroad organizations and the building of the De-
'g9
partment into an industrial union, but when they
came squarely up against the issue of amalgamation, the. very thing that their many fights on
the flooIf were leading straight to, they fell down
and failed to support it. When they came face
to face with their actual goal they did not recognize it.
T he amalgamation question came before the
convention in a minority report of the Law Committee, submitted as a substitute for the famous
40 resolutions and calling for a referendum vote
of the affiliated unions on the proposition. The
standpatters sailed into this, belaboring it from
all sides. The historian of the future, studying the development of the movement after
the unions have reached the industrial stage, will
snicker at the arguments made against amalgamation at this convention. Fully 99% of them
were the most trivial nonsense of the outpourings, of violent prejudice. Never was the real
question of amalgamation met. The poor old
Knights of Labor, which all the world knows
was merely a mass organization, was dug up
from its grave and made to serve as an industrial union. Likewise the American Railway
Union and the One Big Union, both secession
movements pure and simple, were cited as horrible examples of the folly of amalgamation.
Even President Wharton, who used to be a progressive, was not above putting forth such intellectual trash. H e was a pinch-hitter for the
Administration a ud was brought into the convention to close the debate on amalgamation,
which he did. It would be a waste of t h e and
space to analyse his trivial remarks on the subject at issue.
But if the standpatters made no real arguments
against amalgamation it must also be admitted
that the latter's proponents made few in favor
of it. They were too much on the defensive.
They spent too much time telling what it was
not and too little telling what it was. Outside
of a couple of speeches, there was very little
meat in the many talks favoring amalgamation.
Quite evidently many of the industrialists had
been a little overawed by t&e violent campaign
made against it by Mr. Gompers and other officials. Also, two mistakes were made by the
minority of the Law Committee. The first was
in reducing the proposition to merely an amalgamation of the eight trades affiliated tp the Department, whereas it should have c ~veredthe
whole sixteen. But something much more serious
was their failure to present a concrete plan of
amalgamation when called upon to do so. Jewell
put their shoulders squarely to the mat when he
demanded something more definite than the mere
(C&.nzced on page 30)
�June, 1922
Labor Movement'
B y Fritz
B
EFORE the war, the German trade unions
Heckert
starving and poverty-stricken proletariat, likewere counted as the most progressive labor wise a wrecked industrial system.
organizations in the world. They stood under
The working class, brought by Capital into
the immediate influence of the Social-Democratic these difficulties, and disillusioned by the overParty. But even more aapidly than did the whelming defeats in +e war, stormily demanded
party, they passed from the policy of revolution- the repudiation of the trade union policy of class
ary class struggle to that of reformistic oppor- cooperation. They insisted that property rights
tunism. With the outbreak of the war the in the means of production .be abolished. So
leaders of the German trade union movement originated the watchwords, "Socialization of the
became unquestioning followers of the militar- mines and the industries," and "Control of proists. They threw themselves into the arms of duction by the workers." And again it was
nationalism and did all possible to increase na- the trade union leaders, in cooperation with the
tional hatred and to further the war slaughter.
Social-Democratic parliamentarians and theoreFrom the beginning of 1915 we find the trade ticians, who sabotaged the struggle of the workunion leaders carrying on a sharp struggle ers to revolutionize the economic system. The
against the anti-war elements. "Whoever is great strike of the Ruhr miners and iron workers
not for the war policy of the unions is our in the Spring of 1919, fought to socialize the
enemy and must be relentlessly fought," so said mines and the steel works, was betrayed by the
Fritz Paeplow, president of the Building Trades trade union leaders and drowned in blood by
Union. The head of the Sailors' Section of the the Social-Democrat, Noske. The central organ
German Transport Workers' Union, Paul Muller, of the Social-Democratic Party, "Vomaerts,"
wrote after the capture of Antwerp : "The black- directly demanded the assassination of Rosa Luxwhite-red flag waves on the walls of this old embourg and Karl Liebknecht, saying: "Four
seaport, let us hope forever," and the editor of hundred dead in a row, and Rosa and Liebknecht
the miners' journal declared in the Summer of not there, not there!'
1918, "Ninety per cent of German trade unionThe principal theoretidians, Kautsky and Hilists are for holding the conquered territory."
ferding, told the workers that socialization of
I n this frame of mind the labor leaders ceased production is not possible. They compared the
all struggle against the capitalists, declaring broken down German industry with a quarry
social peace with them and helping them legally and "Quarries cannot be socialized." Then, t o
tie the hands and feet of the workers with anti- deceive the workers, a socialization commission
strike legislation. Every revolutionary they was established. Up to this day it has done
considered a mortal enemy to be fought by any absolutely nothing. With the lie that socializameans. They denounced the oppositional ele- tion is at hand, the German Government managed
ments to) the military and civil officials, and to save itself from the assaults of the wqrkers in
many were either sent to the trenches or thrown June, 1919, and to escape an overthrow.
into jail. The leaders were bitterly opposed to
Although the German trade union movement
the revolution, until the fateful 9th of November, had shrunk to only 700,000 members at the end
1918, when, for good or evil, they found them- of the war, in 1919 i t grew to over g,ooo,ooo
selves drawn into it.
members in the Socialist trade unions and almost
In the days of October, 1918, when the mili- 4,000,000 in the others. With only a total of
-tary and economic collapse of the Empire took .17,w,ooo workers in agriculture and industry
place, the German trad' union leaders, headed *The Arbeitsgemeinschaft is a sort of economic parLegien, drew' up the Arbeitsgemeins-iament, made up half of representatives of eml
chaff* with the coal and steel king, H ugo Stinnes. ployersi organizations and h i f of representatives
T he Arbeitsgervueinschaft still stands unshakably of trade unions. It covers all industries, and has
fast, in spite of the revolution, which gave power shop, local, district, state, and national sections. Its
into the handsi of the workers, and notwithstand- function is to settle all disputes arising in German
industry. The whole mechanism is an elaborate
ing a thousand disasterous experiences with i t institution to kill militant action and to establish
later. The end of the war left in G rmany a class-cooperation.
--
THE LABOR HERALD
in general, 13,ooo,ooo organized workers r eprq
sent an irresistible power. But the trade union
leadership has never understood how to use this
power in the interests of the workers. Yes,
apparently they have never even had the intention t o do so. I t is no wonder, therefore, that
the employing class, which after the collapse of
its imperialistic dreams was completely helpless
and exhausted, has been able to take courage, to
reorganize itself, and to begin to wring from the
workers one after another of the latters hard-won
concessions. Indeed, an opposition in the movement sought to win the trade unions for another
policy, to give them a new leadership. And it appeared a s if this opposition would overthrow with
success, the opportunists. u nder the leadership
of the Independent Sodalist, Robert Dissmann,
the great Metal Workers' Union, numbering
~ , b , o o o embers, was conquered. But soon
m
the membership of this big organization learned
that Robert Dissman was only a "word-radical,"
who from the moment he arrived at the head of
the Metal Workers' Union, pursued exactly the
same opportukistic policy as his Social-Dem~cratic predecessor.
In 1920, the opposition split : the Right-Indep ~ d e n t s under the leadership of Dissman, went
;
back into the camp of the class-cooperationists
21
about Karl Legien: while the Left elements affiliated themselves with the small Communist opposition in the trade unions. It was clear that
the right wing of the opposition, although publicly pledged to the postulates, "revolutionizing of
the trade unions," and "dictatorship of the proletariat," really had no other goal than the winning of a few easy-chairs in the labor movement.
When this end was reached it ceased its struggle
and joined hands with jts former enemies. O n
the other hand, the left wing of the opposition
expended its energies to give the entire labor
movement a new fig'hting spirit and to make it
more capable for the struggle. Ever clearer became the differences between the two factions :
A~beitsgemeinschaft nd class cooperation on the
a
one side, and relentless class struggle on the
other. The more the right-wing trade unionists
became prisoners of their class-cooperation policies, the bitterer became their struggle against
their opponents. Where they could, they drove
the latter out of the trade unions.
At the end of t he war the buying power of
equalled 45 pfennigs of prethe Gemn
war time. In the course of a year its value had
fallen to 1.6 pfennigs. Wholesale prices, according to official figures, were 43 times as high in
1922 as in 1913. T o offset &is waFes had
�June, 1922
mounted only 15 times. At. the close of 1921
the productivity of the average German worker
was only three-fifths of what it was in peace
time, and his actual wages barely half as much.
Rapid decay of the national economy and rapid
decay of labor power, are the consequences. The
future offers only the saddest prospects. The
cost of living for the workers, from the end of
October, 1921, to the end of February, 1922,
mounted 120%. A broader and stronger wave
o f. price increases is now coming on.
The trade unions have done nothing serious
to organize the defensive struggle of the workers
against these conditions. It is true, however,
that the Socialist trade unions enunciated ten
demands for the workers to fight for, and which
should save the working class and the national
economy from collapse. The chief demand was
the seizure of 25% of all wealth. That meant
codfiscation, for State purposes, of Capitalist
property to the extent of 50 billion gold marks,
and the socialization of the mines and other natural resources. With this help the ruined industrial system was to be set right again. The
working class saw in the realization of. these
demands the possibility to protect their standard
of living and to reconstruct the broken down
industries. Yet the trade union leaders failed
to push these demands, and the Social-Democrats have concluded a tax compromise with
Hugo Stinnes, which freed the bourgeoisie from
the confiscation of their property in return for
the latter's loan of a billion gold marks to the
State. Consequently the workers have been
loaded with new taxes, which swallow up 30%
of their entire income.
Against &is insane policy the working masses
are in revolt. The strike of the railroaders and
the solidarity demonstrations of the workers
generally on behalf of the strikers are visible
sics of the indignation of the working class.
The policy of the trade unions, serving only the
interests of the capitalist class, has led to the
result t hat the workers, badly divided, could
be &fly defeated by the employers. Consequently
a great indifference towards the unions is becoming rtxinifest in the masses. The revolutionary trade unionists are, therefore, devoting
their entire efforts to unite the scattering fights,
the united front of the working class against the
capitalist class is their slogan. And likewise they
are fighting no less resolutely against those
revolutionary workers who turn their backs on
the trade unions and therewith leave the field
entirely free for the old bureaucracy to carry
out its injurious policies.
, I n all national trade unions, in all localities,
in all shops, the revolutionary trade unionists
HowsI Became a Rebel
'
A Symposium. ' Part I.
Editors' note;-A fundamental p wt o f th.e g ei- era1 troops with shotted guns and orders to
era1 ' revolz~tionaryprogram i s to p ake rebels; kill. Next? The brotherhood officials in allit o develop me% ' am? w o m n w ho hawe defbnn'tely ance with the railway officials and orders issued
b rokm iPrith c apitati-~m d w ho are tookivtg fora
to the craft unions . to fill the places of the
&d to the establishment of a Workers' Society. strikers. Next? The office of the American
Bzlt h o d carz such rebels be made? T o t hrow Railway Union raided without warrant of law by
some gght olz t& a ll-+aportmt qwmy, TEE government. thugs, the clerks driven out, the
LABOR JEWD has a sked prom'nent figures in records carted away, and the officials thrown into
I
all b d nches o f the radical movement, to explaili jail in accordance with the law and order probr: fly j w t - h ow, &hy, and m d e r w hat circum- gram of the railway corporations. My blood
st,mce$; t k y b e c a e co.qz61zced that capitalism boiled as I s at with my associates in the foul,
hkd t o be dofie a my':with. The symposium m
l
'
Z rat-infested jail at Chicago. A six-months' sen6 e completed in our J uly m mber.
tence followed, jury trial having been denied.
I
I n jail there was time for sober reflection. RevoI
i
lutionary literature came through the bars. My
. 'E By ~ & e n eV &bs
.
blood cooled and my head cleared. The class
was d v/e r a time in my life when struggle came into bold relief and I saw clear as
I .was not with the weak and poor and the noonday sun how and why the government
again3t-the rich and strong who oppressed came to do the bidding of the railroads abjectly
them. At - fourteen I was a wage-worker in as a trained monkey obeys his master.
In the darkness of a prison cell I saw the
a rriilroad shop. My pay was fifty cents for a
light, and when I walked forth I was a socialist
fen hour day. I had my lesson in wage-slavery
early in life and never forgot it. I n later years and from that day to this I have -been the remany offers came to desert the ranks and climb lentless and uncompromising foe of capitalism
to the "top" but they were all refused. It suited and wage-slavery.
me better to remain a slave than to become a
B y Wm.Roas Knudsen
master. Upon that point I never had a doubt.
R ESH out of High School, with a bourgeois
At sixteen I was firing an engine and at ninepsychology and fame as a roller-skater,
teen, in 1875, I joined the Brotherhod of Locowell dressed and with a beautiful crimson
motive Firemen as a charter member of the necktie as a headlight, I put on my best efforts
Lodrre instituted at Ter- and strolled into San
"
r e Haute. In 1892 I re- Diego, California.
signed the office I held
There was a free
in the Brotherhood to or- speech fight on, but of it
.
ganize the American I knew nothing. SuddenRailway Union. The ly a policeman's hand
craft no longer satisfied shook my shoulder, and
me. The great body of when; insulted, I resistrailway employes were ed, I was slammed in the
not organized at all and jaw ;completely subdued,
.
the American Railway I was brought before the
Union, based upon the police sergeant, absoindustrial principle, ern- lutely in the dark as t o w. R- K~~~~~~
, .~~~
E~~~~ V. DEBS
braced them all. The what was the cause.
railway managers recognized the menace of
"Here's another Red, Sergeant."
the new industrial power of their united emCompletely bewildered, I looked about in a
ployes in the Pullman str&e in 1894 and com- frightened manner. Those ahead of me were
bined t o destroy it. The federal government, questioned regarding Socialism, Unionism, I. W.
subservient to the railroads, gave willing sup- W., etc. I thought I was in a bughouse.
port. The strike had been won clean and the
' Where a re you from?" 'Who are you?"
victory was complete. Not a wheel moved. The "'Are you an I. W. W. ?"
roads were paralyzed and the managers helpless.
I tried to ahswer questions that I did not
What followed ? Injunctions, arrests, and fed- understand. "What are you wearing that red
d
\.
*sy
have formed groups whose duty it is to show
the working masses the necessity of a united
struggle against capitalism and the necessity, of
the revolution. They point out to the workers
that the class-cooperation policy of the trade
union bureaucracy leads only to ruin. During
the past few months this intensive educational
work has had great success. Everywhere, grows
the influence of the revolutionary elements. But
this brings upon their heads equally the hate of
the bovgeoisie and that of the trade union
bureaucracy . Thousands of the best workers
have been deprived of their means of livelihood,
thousands of t he best fighters' have been expelled
from the trade unions. Still our comrades are
undismayed. They see in the hate of their opponents that they are upon the right way, and
they will allow no measure to turn them from
their course of revolutionizing and conquering
the trade unions. During the week after the
railroad strike numberless victims paid the pen-'
alty for their zeal. But every day shows us that
headway is being made, and we are determined
that the organized Berman workers, in the very
near future, can again be pointed to as the most
progressive in the ranks of the world proletariat.
F
1
-
�&em that I
my Z r d ~ m .
lay mind. Soes? mil while
together, I ~uddenly
Y approach to the socSPrl problem m s p d i d h a . In I wept and w s
a
tical. I was a tepartxr, ia rnwtzkrakw; a d
d the p a n t p b and literature 5
l
n
I had been a college m an; American, Gere h t A* I tmd to $ 1 with m mm full, a ma& R n h uiiimsities. My working Wy
1.
y
ex
r,
scuddRn cammatian bmlre i tn, my tb1~gt;l&. therefore, was W & t i f i i c The ~lc.ialproblem
n
A r dd
v m to me a polrtiaf p b h ; a d the.political
f fc
ad
graMem w u m d . E d m a made our g o t
kd
Be
This
= p a s and h t a the tank g o v ' m m t bad and
P w eat Here X ,XSIPd k m W g arguing, aJld g a d men wadd make i t
iZ
n
sn. ext
wg N
I h 4wI the fire hose was gwd, H one~tS;~ beI
turned &to the
I tried b r d ta away f m t ~ Lievd k t .
the water; w e d i the b wit% &e fuil
n
&
Honestly I * lqosed"
f a k e of the s t m m from. t he howsI fell a moment seventeen cities. Tizey
k ter i m e feet: uf water.
n
were aJ1 ~ ~ f r u p they
T
The brutal acaoxls of the palice, the confine- were all oorrupted hthe
ment wjth these r e W * and my mental reactions s ww way, to the same
t M5, caused me ta have a great interest in c sd. Reg"'d1.a~of mm.
1e m. gwhat i t ~ a a saIl aboltt. I i a v d g a t d . The WWCB of corn@. a in
I f d a2 the litemfare I d d gee. Read*
e1
md W n g produced thr? m t a Red.
dtie ware the m a This
L ~ N ~ C-RS
SN
suggested h t general,
not merely personal forces were at work, and that
N I was g ~ u a g W* taught IWS. the preb1rm.s of all our cities were all m e p roblm
I
I
wozs taught tb€?rKk very mmstly, a d I and that the s01ntioa.mmt be one,
At b t time many dty people thought that*
to aagpdy t m auld I diswvered that t world
h,
k
w-h& the cities were "bad? tbe state govern$id not mean for them t o be a- mlied. Neither ments were "g80dm g r '%&fm?' I took the trail
&e i d d s of
tQ the statesI and I "did" eleven of them. They
ity, which I learnedpnor
were 211 corrupt. They were all mmptad h
rhos2 of the poets w b m
eact1y the same wag. They were all cormpted
I w w tan&t $0 h e I had
c
,
just a s the cte were corrupted. h l as ia
iis
the c itie~,the s m c e s of t-he cormpltion in an
my eleven states were the -me.
But thu: nationail ~ o v m l e n t .that a t Iiast was
:
"gmd;'I wrote a sedes d artides in W d &ton8 giving prticdan whkh i genera1 &own
eb that the 3P$dmt G overnmat was n d mly
~~t
like!the cities and the ~Clrtw it w s e ;
am
mpted i r ~ same m y , by the same interests.
the
d a~trid ad financial
mm
L.2LABa
Xla the T g m m o this inmdgatiofl I m t
m
f
e
syshm js founded uPQn
f
r
a s i ideas d btrie;mUp qjposctd t a thaw ;ef all mrb o men i9 p &tia: p o d and bad, c&
et: d
md r efomen. 'It made no. essential CSiBemce,
C hrissie$- and d h w e .
Our p dithl system w8.S ,@qpma?dta be better : The best and ablest refarmers I watched at wcark
that L tci say, m-ay,ero&@ a d We +bts of were either beaten or comptwl. The. pmm of
lmwmity w as ~ u p p d ail there. But s amption weht on over or w der o r
t~
E8ridt~tiythe problem was m at moral
em politics w e corrupt, md.1 d!acoverd that then~~~
i t w a ~ ig business ij.M&
b
&e corrupting. pmblm liuld the mlprion waa nd-goa$ness.
&
the
When 1 I
W
&,
s
i
md
eat attout ita I Bad men d i4 a CLLUSX evil; gcmd mcm d d
f w d h t the upholders a f &e present system not do much good.
invariably either r idialed a of h a m e fadig&,
Still thinbg in t erns of good and evil, I asked
n ant with m - So gradually I Betame a r&l,
e.
what did the evil, and to firid the answer I passed
and I %aa kept in tfie fnmd of rebg.lli.lliwl by evew- by &a sad started for the rcma That's what
I kam about t e present world; by every *'radidJm e m : a
h:
for the mots Qf SOne-e
for?$* I h all7 @ced
W~S
a
P I M 'w'
C C %b' and gained
C%n~e tdde I
w
M
'
,
;.
�Metal Workers Awake
B y Jay Fox
T
I RTY years ago when a dozen! of us metal about our joint relations with the boss, that is
mechanics were delegated to organize the well worth the years of effort.
first Metal Trades Council in Chicago, the
Not Craftsmein, Just Employees
initial step was taken in the evolution df t he idea
that, in the near future, is going to reach its
W e have learned t hat a s union men all of u s
culmination in the amalgamation of all our un- have the same point of contact with the boss.
ions into one metal trades organization. A t that Whether we be molders, blacksmiths, m*
a&
time none of us had the least idea of amalga- ists, boilermakers, patternmakers, engineei-s, firw
mation, although we felt the need of united men, o r whatnot, when we approach the boss
action on the part of the metal trades. AfKlia- with a n agreement our craft distinctions disaption through a council was, naturally, the first pear and we become "etnployees'" seeking to batstep. I t was for the future to determine the gain f or our services collectively. The more of'
practicability of our move and to carry the idea US there are in that collectivity, the better barfurther if it failed to fulfill the need.
pain we will be able to strike. Having. &&
T he ideal of the most advanced of us at that &owledge we begin to look around f br & o m
time was a Metal Trades Council that would take of union that will always insure us the b i g s &
m
full charge of our relations with the bosses and crowd when we wish to negotiate terms of e ployment. A union that would represent every
swing all unions behind the demands of each.
person in the plant is the ideal organization. For,
W q did not know to what extent our separate why have more than one union, since one win
International union relations would interfere with fulfill the desired function, and do it best? I
such a plan. I t had to be tried out first. In don't think I need to elaborate upon this phase
fact, we never thought that our crafts unions of the subject. Every metal mechanic' h aws
might be improved upon. I t was not up to us, it is only too true, that our greatest obstacle .to
at that early date, to have such a far-off idea as united action is our different International a s h that of a union that would take care of us all. tions.
Yet the idea, is very simple and most logical. I
We have tried to carry out this idea of udtjf
am sure that if anyone had p.roposed such a of action through our M. T. Councils, but o w
union he would have been laughed at.
success has not been at all what it should have
been. Nlot that the councils are at fault. The
We were all such staunch believers in the councils are all right, and must remain as t he
craft union idea in those days, that we did not local central bodies through which our various
admit helpers. Thus there were two unions in
local r nions will function, as for example, the
the blacksmith shop, in the boiler shop and carpenter's district councils. The trouble with
foundry; and the machinists would not admit us is that the power behind the councils is
men who operated drill presses, bolt cutters, or scattered and we have a dozen different constiturret lathes. The theory was that we highly tutions and a dozen sets of International officers.
skilled men had nothing to gain by bothering The result is, that it is almost impossible to get
with helpers or semi-skilled men. But in time joint action at any given point with the assurance
we learned that these workers did cut some figure that funds will be forthcoming in case of need
in the shop, and that in a strike, by staying on from all the Internationals. Some of the bthe job, they made it much easier for the boss ternationals may be financing strikes elsewhere
to get on without us. So we proposed amalga- and don't feel able to undertake burdens. Such
mation to the helpers and now, with the excep- Internationals either forbid their men to stsilce
tion of the foundry, we are down to one union o r tell them they may do so on their own r e s p in each department. The molders amalgamated sibility. Thus the opportunity for united a c t h
with the core makers, but somehow left out the a t strategic moments is lost, and our whole
other foundryworkers.
of metal trades unity falls t o the ground.
The fault does not lie with the I nternatiawb.
Thus far only have we gone in the way of
actual amalgamation in 30 years. However, our I t is the system that is a t fault. How can
30 years of association in our Metal Trades have united action locally when we havenst $ot
Councils have prepared the way for the greater it nationally? The Internationals can never,
amalgamation. We have learned a few simple agree upon a working code so long as
things about our relations with each other and have separate treasuries and separate rules; s
T &e
m
tind C m @a 6e heard from
Qt
to
in the al&tio. of the & M s t s " U d h ,
the
for Pre&lenf i rqmftd on May 16@h,
s
%6
f 1 0:
01m
wf&. . jb&b&bXl, ...;..... 3 ,
E
.0
w
..,... 10,2118
W m. W h o t s & #
s
T he p Iatfam u pfi wM& &dsa made his
campaign w as un-compFamisi.s:1y k r b dustrial,
mbnism in the meh1 W e s , st~~g&e agahst the
employing A s s , &d '*ation
tQ &e Red Trade
Union International.
I wish to m e 6 a coqectioa in my W e
A R W bB HAUMFB? In mp .
m ~ I ,naBwrtkntJy omitted axwi&h ka-E %he
i
Br&t.hcm@ of Railroad Signabea, ~~"~,
,
.
I
s t impregnable ink=finance and the M e
railroading, the utter
amtian becomes apmostly always takes
r bitter experience
the burdens of the
orrect its mistakes.
E . K. Henry
�T HE LABOR H ERALD
A -Militant, Constructive Monthly
Trade Union Magazine
Official Organ of the
Trade Union Educational League
WM. 2 FOSTER, EDITOR
.
Subscription prica, $ . 0
-25
mediate action in the matter. Each central labor
body, district council, state federation, and international union, should take the matter up. Governor
Stephens, in Sacramento, California, should be bombarded with resolutions, letters, and telegrams, d e
., manding t hat Tom Mooney a nd.Warren Billitlgs be
released. Upon the action of our unions will ilepend the fate 'of these champions of Labor. Act,
a t once.
p a year
Published a t
1 8 No. L a SalIe Street
1
CHICAGO, ILL.
Member o The Federated P n s s
f
DEMAND TOM* MOONEY? RELEASE
H E Governor of California has many times
stated as his excuse for not taking action in
the Mooney Case that "Labor is not interested
in the freedom of Mooney and Billings." The entire
case against these two men has been shown, point
by point, to have been a frame-up. Every piece of
substantial evidence brought against them has been
proven rankest perjury. No one doubts that they
are completely innocent of the charges upon which
they have been in prison for years. District Attorney Brady has requested Governor Stephens to
grant them pardons. But the Governor answers,
"Labor is not interested."
As a matter of justice, what difference does it
make whether b b o r is interested or not? W hat
has this got to do with the case? ' Since when has
justice openly become a mere question of politics?
The Mooney frame-up is a stench in the nostrils of
the whole world; it stands as a Bving indictment
of our entire system of "justice," which has two
codes, one for the poor and one for the rich. Mooney
is proven innocent, but there is no way to release
him from prison. Imagine t h e prisoner a wealthy
man; does any one doubt that he would have been
released long ago? No case in modern times has
shown such a bold and shameless miscarriage of
justice; even the famous Dreyfus affair is not to
be compared with it. There is not tlre shadow of
reason for the men's imprisonment.
The Mooney Case is only the most glaring of our
many travesties upon justice in labor cases before
the courts. Hundreds of other labor men are still
in prison on frame-ups differing only m degree from
this one. But the Mooney Case, particularly, symbolizes the whole struggle against a corrupt and
heartless capitalistic machine.
Unfortunately, there is a germ of truth in Governor Stephens' statement, that " labor is not interested," and that is exactly *he reason why Mooney
and Billings are not released. I t he trade union
f
movement had given proper support to the case,
the victims would have been out of prison long ago.
Notwithstanding that their continued incarceration
is a monstrous crime, Governor Stephens will not
act until he is forced to do so. He wants to hear
from the labor movement. Well, let him hear.
The case is in the hands of' Organized Labor.
Every local union in the c ountrycshould take im-
T
.-
'
-
THE LEAGUE CONFERENCE
d
Y LSEWHERE in this issue is printed the Call
f or the First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League, to be held in C
hicago, Aug. 26th and 27th. This conference will be the
constituent body of the League, and will officially
launch the nationql movement and its organization.
This gathering will be the first time in our lab,or
history that practicalry a ll of the aggressive, forward-looking, radical and progressive groups have
come together ,for; t he purpose of planning on a
large. scale for. the educational w ork which is t o .,
consolidate and strengthen out: t rade unions, slaking.
of them the fighting instruments which, we must,
have if' we are to' stop the present retreat of our
organizations and go ' farward instead of backward.
f
In addition to t he~delegates rom the League groups,
i
who wW make up t h e conference proper, there will
be delegates from sympathetic and radical organizations in a consj tative capacity. It would b e<hard
t o overemphasize the importance of this gathering,
or to overstate 'its Significance for the futnre'of
I.
American h b o ~ . .
Out of this conference of the active unionists of
t he movement will come a New Charter for Labor,
holding up for the gliidance of the militants everywhere the t rue principles of militant trade unionism, and , the ideal and goal toward which our organizations. must struggle, and. which give meaning .
and value to the trade union movement. Into the,
darkest corners of the labor m oreqent, light will
go, giving new hope and courage, and adding
strength to the arms and brains of all who work
in the cause of Labor's emancipation. Every milit ant union man ,will a t opce become active, and
make sure that his locality has representatives a t .
this, t he 'most important iabor gathering of the
i
period.
a
I
I
THE
1
.
TEXTILESTRIKE
,
a
.
,.
wopde;fu!ly ' heroic struggle of the tex&
T H E _ r k e r s is being waged againat terrific,,odds.
Froni week to week it has gone dn, with no signs
of a settlement, or of weakening upon t ke ' part of
the workers.. T he rich barons of the textile mills
a re determined to add to their enormous wealth,.
wrung from the toil and sweat of these men and
women, by increasing still further their exploitation.
With the weapon of immediate and quick starvation,
they hope t o force the textile workers to accept a
condition of abject slavery.
In contrast to their wonderful stand against the
mill owners, there is a deplorable lack of unity
within the ranks of the strikers. I t is- pitiable, t o
watch the quarrels between the Amalgamated Textile Workers, the One Big Union, the United Textile Workers, and the other unioas, with tbeir mutual
o
recriminations in the press, ~ icketing f each other's
A
.
1
.
�THE LABOR H E R A L D
30
c ar after car of scab coal. The Coal Kings are
'cashing in on the strike a t t r e m e n h s l y increased
prices, with the assistance of the railroaders. In
fact, i f , the men on the railroads had entered into a
deliberate alliance with the employers to break the
miners' strike, they could not work more effectively
to that end than they are doing. Knowing, as every
wide-awake worker does, that the great industries
of steel, mines, and railroads, are owned by exactly
the same financial interests, they should recognize
the need for one common fight against the common
enemy. But still the unions seem not to have learned
that their interests are class interests, not craft
interests.
Such a shameful situation cannot be accepted
without protest. The question of active solidarity
with the miners should be raised in every local
lodne a nd svstem federation: railroad men should
..
getatheir organizations unitediy t o refuse t o handle
scab coal.
a consistent point of view upon all o-f the labor
e vmts as they occur,' makes it a thing to be
wondered about.
"I keep asking myself how it happened. Yesterday, there wasn't anything but a desert of
half-dead, miconnected, meaningless "labor papers" kept going by artificial respiration; and
suddenly today we find a garden teeming with
ripe fruit. Evidently, the makings of it were
there all along. And now, irrigation.
"Salutskv's article on the needle trades situation is v eG keen, I think. I t is b ig calibre stuff.
For meaningness, it is almost like a business
letter. Nobody would write a business letter
unless he had to convey certain information.
I'm delightid t o see that this month's LABOR
HERALD i s just as merciful upon its readers and
the paper supply, as any business manager is in
FOSTER MAKES WESTERN TRIP
writing letters.
E GINNING early in July, the secretary of
"Well, I haven't said much, but you must
the Trade Union Educational League will know that my heart is pumping fast with enmake a trip through the West, covering the thusiasm for the marvelous thing you are doing.
plincipal cities. He will lecture on "The-Crisis And I'm very happily amused with seeing that
in the American Labor Movement." If your you smoked Sam out. I hope you printed a big
city has not received a date for a meeting, write edition.
Robert M n r
io.
to the League, and an effort will be made to
arrange such a meeting. The routing will be
RAILWAY EMPLOYEES' CONVENTION
closed within two weeks.
(Contz'rmed from page 19)
word amalgamation and they replied that they
AN OPINION OF THE LABOR HERALD had no plan to offer. The greatest argument
HAVE just read No. 3 of THE L-R
against amalgamation was the failure of its advoHERALD. t is the most stirring reading that cates to adequately present and defend it.
I
has come to my eyes in many long months.
The convention accomplished absolutely nothI can't resist the temptation to say that the, quality of it is astonishing-astonishing to me, who ing in a constructive way, save possibly the orexpected much of it. The s tartlkg thing about dering of the strike vote, and 'that could have
it is its complete success in getting away from been done about as well by the Executive Coun"dead matter," or "boiler plate" filler, and, what cil itself. Representing the craft idea, the Adis perhaps more rroteworthy, its plastic adjust- ministration was content to defeat the progress'ment t o the entire gamut of national Labor ive stuff proposed by the industrialists. They,
themselves, proposed nothing new. Apparently,
Union events and, situations of the day.
desperate situation of the railroad"The first d d e on the Coal Strike is such in the
a relief from the ;miles of unenlightening news- ers, they believe there is nothing to be done but
type that I've been reading- i t is informative. to run around in the same old circle. The conT h a the heme gait is kept up all the way vention left off just where it began. It w& the
through, or, in fad, t he juciness of the stuff old story of marching the army up the hill and
increases with each page. G udsen's stuff makes then marching down again. This is a sad fact
a man know a lot of things about the Metal but a true one. The only encouraging feature
Trades that he didn't h o w b eforeinteresting of the convention was the prevalence of such a
large body of progressive thought. This in&thing t hat you like to refnember.
"And then-Gee whiz! I can't keep it up; it. cates a similar condition among the rank and file.
would be too much like a recommendation col- It is to be 'hoped that this spirit will grow and
expand so that when the next convention of the
umn in Lydia E. Pinkham's advertieement.
"The mere fact that THELABOR
HEBALD has Department assembles the delegates will come indrawn together an array of writers who can only structed to merge our many weak and detached
be classified as the best trade union brains in the railroad unions into one, militant, all-conquering
United States, is enough. That it is,being edited combination. To bring that about is the task
in such a mann&r a s to play a sSeady stream of now before live wire railroad workers.
THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922.
June, 1922
THE INTERNATIONAL
FRANCE
T H E Provisional Administrative Council of the
Unity
of Labor-C.
G.
T. U. (the revolutionary half of t he F rench union
movement which recently split away f rom t he old
General Confederation of Labor-C. G. T.) has published a projected constitution for the new body, to
be discussed by the movement in preparatioi for
the coming convention in St. Etienne. The proposed
statutes differ widely from those of the old organization. Most of the differences are devices to prevent bureaucratic domination by the officialdom and
to place control in the hands of the rank and file.
The French militants have had mbre experience in
fighting autocratic officials in their unions than any
other rebels in the world; first in the big struggle
beginning 30 years ago when the original Syndi& calists won control of the organizations from the
primitive union autocrats, and then in the recent
desperate battle with the yellow Syndicalist leaders,
which resulted in splitting the whole trade union
movement in two. In these internal wars for control they have learned just what forms of organization serve best as seats of autocracy and which yield
most to rank and file pressure. On the basis of this
dearly-bought experience they are trying, in the
proposed constitution ,to place the direction of the
new organization as far as possible in the membership. Their experiment, coming as it does from
such seasoned militants, will be of the utmost importance to the whole labor world. The official
statement accompanying the projected statutes,
-
B
-
I
cave
.
i
I
.
"In working out the present constitution, the
Provisional Administrative Council has been inspired constantly by the necessity of placing
the entire confederal organization under the
direct and permanent control of the membership.-Henceforth, the C. G. T. U. will live, not
merely through the activity of its superior organisms, but especially by setting in motion all
its cells, by the initiative of all its members!'
In the new statutes many means are proposed to
check the growth of autocracy, such as limiting the
officials to one term of office and making them ineligible for re-election until after a t erm of years,
etc. But the most fundamental of all is the drastic
shearing of functions and importance from the national industrial unions and the transference of
these functions and importance t o organizations
called regional unions. Before the significance of
this can be realized we must glance a moment at
the former state of affairs.
In some respects the old C. G. T. was a unique
organization in the world's labor movement. I t was
in reality a double federation. Its national executive
committee had two secretaries and was divided into
two sections, one of which was made up of a representative apiece. of all the local trades councils, or
bourses du travail. This peculiar type of organization dated baek to the early struggle for control
between the Syndicalists and the reactionaries. The
former secured their first stronghold in the local
trades councils and eventually used them as the
means to revolutionize the national industrial unions,
which were more s usce~tible t o autocratic rule.
Hence, the Syndicalists ;eveloped a &eat liking f o r
the trades councils, and when they came into power
in the C. G. T. they insisted that the trades councils
be organized nationally t ogether and accepted as a
distinct wing of t he movement. ~ ~ wingsh were
t
supposedly of equal
A t first the nationally organized local trades
councils, because of their great prestige for having
revolutionized the movement and given birth to
modern Syndicalism, were the dominant wing. But
gradually the national industrial unions, throngh
having greater economic functions, got the upper
hand. Little by little, with the passage of the years,
they took on more and more influence until, finally,
the local trades council section of the C. G. T. became little more than a withered appendix. The
result was that when the recent fight developed
between the "lefts" and the "righs" in the unions
the former, although again capturing the local trades
councils quite easily, had a desperate struggle with
the "rights" intrenched in the national industrial
unions. And now that the split has occurred, and
in consideration of their bitter experiences with the
national unions, it is not strange to see the "lefts"
emasculate these natural seats of autocracy and turn
their functions over to the type of organization
which they have been able t o control and get results
from, in this case the regional unions.
The regional unions are local trades councils.
They are based upon industrial, rather than political
or geographical lines. They include all the local
unions in given industrial districts. Being local in
character they will lend themselves more easily t o
rank and file control. Under the new plan they are
given full autonomy to organize and direct the
battle.of t he workers in their respective jurisdictions. Quite evidently, if they grow and prosper,
their prime weapon will be the local general strike
of all trades. Nationally they are linked together
in the National Confederal Committee, the highest
committee in the C. G. T. U. I n fact, they make
up the whole committee, whereas the national industrial unions, so powerful in the old C. G. T. and
all other labor movements, are denied all representation whatsoever on the committee. The national unions are reduced to little more than technical societies ; henceforth the burden of the struggle
will fall upon the regional unions. The official
statement has this to say about the functions of the
two types of organization, national industrial unions
and regional unions :
"The regional unions fill an evident need;
they arise irresistably out of the'industrial evolution and concentration registered in late
years. They are called to bring about the harmony of the labor movement, by wiping out the
trade barriers which hinder the proletariat from
realizing its true moral unity. The regional
unions are the complete cells of federalism; the
perfect expression of the C. G. T. U. in their
organization, their functioning and their action."
"It i s quite evident that-the birth of the
regional unions leads us to determine the new
role of the national industrial unions, which is
�.'
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.
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-
TH-E L A B 0 R I3ERAL.D
--- materially different*from t 4e .aid one. I# these
' f bodies continue to co-ordinate the national. trade
I
action, it is undeQiable t hat their task has beeb
considerably lightened by the regional unions.
T he perfect liason between the regional unions
and the national industrial unions will make the
role of the latter all the easier. The national
, ' $industrial unions especially shall study the industrial life of the country, each in the specialty
' 9which concerns it. Upon them particularly will
I
fall the duty of studying technical improvements,
assembling statistics, and making investigations
& 6f all sbrts, so as to permit the C. G. T. U., in
' ,$full knowledge, to direct its defensive and offensive action, a nd t o indicate, so far as possible,
. r t he constructive task of trade unionism!'
I
Book Department of THE LA--1. HERALD
Live Wires Wanted to Circulate the Following Books:
THE RAILROADERS' NEXT STEP-AMALGAMATION.
(Second Edition).
By W m. Z F oster. 64 pages. Revised and Enlarged.
Single copies, 25c e ach; 10 to 200 copies, 15c.
STORIES OF THE GREAT BAILROADS.
By C harles E dward Russell. 332 pages. $1.25 per copy.
THE GEEAT STEEL STRIKE.
By Wm. Z. F oster. 265 p ages Cloth, $1.75; p aper, $1.00 per copy.
RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF THE FIR8T WOBLD CONGRESS OF
REVOLUTIONARY TRADE UNIONS-MOSCOW. 96 pages. 15c p er copy.
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION. By \\'m. %. F oster. (Sold out.)
THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF 1918-1921 IN GERMANY, ENGLAND,
ITALY AND FRANCE.
By Wm. Z . F oster 64 pages.
Single copies, 2 % ; 1 0 or more, 15c.
9,
,a
abolish the local and national unions
,.
4
,
j +-;.
8
-
AUSTRALIA
GENERAL a idgarnation of all t he trade unions
in Australia, on the 0. B. U. plan is now taking
place. The union is being constructed upon the
department plan. Three unions, t h e Miners, Laborers, and Transport Woikers, have already come in
on the plan. They number approxiinately 200,000
workers. .Other unions are now balloting and will
unquestionably decide to join. Thus is rapidly coming to fruition many years of work and propa- it prevail. The succe
ganda by Australian rebels. The latter have been worth of 'intelligent
fortunate in their methods. For a long time past
they have concentrated their e££orts upon the @id
unions, seeking t o merge them together and t o
infuse them with revolutionary ideals. Success is
now being achieved. The new organization, built nail.
of the old ones, is distinctly revolutionary in character and promises soon to play a most important
FINLAPTI)
art i n the industrial life of Australia.
Y a vote of 12,881 for and 5,813 against, the Finnish trade union movement has voted to atEiliate
with the Red Trade &ion International. This is
HE Norwegian trade union movement is now an indication of the rapid *growth of radical senticonsidering (and will probably adopt) a funda- ment in the former organization. During the past
mental plan of reorganization , somewhat %kin t o year the Communists have. succeeded in securing a
that being applied in Australia. The aim is to trans- majority of the Executive Board of the Confederaform the present loose national federation of trade tion o f T rade Unjoss, and of several important naunions, controlled by b ureai~crats,into a compact tional unions, including the Sawmill Workers, and
class organization dominated by the rank and file. Laborers.
A t t he 1920 convention of the Norwegian Federation
of Labor the following resolution was adopted :
"The congress recommends that the Federation
of Labor be reorganized on the basis of local
trade union councils. These local councils will
N amalgamation plan is now being carried out
in all essential points take over the rights and
to fuse together the unions in the metal indusduties of the present trade unions. The Federa- try, including the Federation of Metal Workers,
tion w ill be divided into groups corresponding bronze workers, motor engineers, and tin smiths.
This move followed upon the heels of a consolidation
to the great industriese"
A committee of nine was appointed to investigate of the employers forces.
this proposal, and its report is now before the various organizations for consideration. The question
will be definitely settled a t the trade union convenSWEDEN
tion in 1923. T ~ O lans have been submitted by the
p
committee f or the proposed re-organization . One, F OLLOWING t he merging of the Swedish Fedrration of Bakers and Pastry Cooks and the Swedendorsed by the majority, establishes the local trades .
councils as the basis of the labor movement. These ish Federation of Butchers, a new organization has
bodies, each of whjch a re to be made up of the been formed, called the Swedish Federation of Food
local unions in i ts locality, shall have a large degree Industries. Further amalgamations of important
of autonomy in handling trade. disputes. The local groups of unions a re looked for in the near future
trades councils are to be organized nationally in as part of the workers' program to offset the growthe Norwegian Federation of Labor. The latter ' ing power of the employers by strengthening their
.
shall take over complete control of 'the whole labor own ranks.
.,
sf.
A
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The Labor Herald
I s quoted throughout the world as
d
An Authority on the American Labor
Movement
J
A friend, L a-Twtte de Clam-&$, aris, France, O rgm u i the
P
Red Trade t%im International, regularly reprints f rom T HELABOR HERAED.
A n enemy, B~hlletin f h e I ~item~nfional
o
Labor O fice, L eap8z
of NatiGns, G ntwa, ~ zoifz.e&az~d,
finds T HE_
T ,+~oa -HEPAL@ssential in cornpiling its:
e
reports 0- the American t rade unions.
5
'These ark on$ two of the many imtanees t hat cbuld be
recited. While the jabor rnovm-nent of t he world, as well a s
of America, is dividing into two opposing camps of thought,
me of which i sLn&iitallyfrieridly and the other hostile to
T HE LA&R H mu~b,yet both camps know "elat if is
The
Indisponsabb Mameine
if they wish to keep up-to-date on the vital c~uestions f m e
k
It is ~tnicluein its field, 5armt
the labor movement todayhe
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e arnot afford to be without it
&.*>y::i.
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The Railroaaeis' N
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nr
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THE LABOR HERALD
1922
gy$.
St%;p
•
AMALGAMATION
By W m. 2. Foster
This 64-page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, fills a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
phase and step by step it scientScally and irrefutably establishes the case
for amalgamation. Place this pamphlet in the hands of the rank and
file and it will not be long until the f usyn of the sixteen railroad unions
into one body is an accomplished fact.
T HE VOICE
. of
LABOR
The Organ of Militant W o r k i n g ~ s
Expression
307
Published Weekly
$2.00 per year
Here is a model of trade union pamphleteering. In the seven chapters into
which the 64 pages of this booklet are divided are combined deep research,
cool analysis of fact, broad knowledge of the industry and of its history,
unflinching determination to move men and conditions upward and onward.
From the opening sentence, "The supreme need of the railroad men at the
present time is a consolidation of our many railroad organizations into one
.cwlpact body," to 'the closing prophecy that in time the consolidated railroad
il
unions wl "pit their enormous organization against the employing class,
end the wages system farever, a nd set up t he Long-hopect3or e m justice," there is not a drdl sentence i n the-book.
II
I
A feature of the pamphlet is a beautiful cover, designed by the mellknown a rtist, Fred Ellis.
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�CANADIAN NUMBER
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Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. S ubscri~tionprice $2.60 per year. T he Trade Union Educational League, Publishers.
"Entered as second-class matter March 23, 1922, a t the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act o March 3. 1879."
f
Vol. I.
July, 1922
.
99
No. 5
Trades Unionism in Canada
B y Jack McDonald
T
H E trade union movement in Canada has
developed under the social and economic
conditions created by its peculiar position.
Canada is dominated by two great powersEngland and the United States. Politically a
part of the British Empire, Canada is becoming
more a nd more dependent in finance and indus.
t ry upon Wall Street. Downing Street and Wall
Street being at times in conflict, Ottawa (capital
of Canada) is bent and torn between them.
Moreover, the farming interest is raising its
voice, and having some peculiar interest at odds
with both Downing Street and Wall Street, complicates still further the situation. Capitalist
Canada is not a unit; it is a house divided against
itself. And the labor movement is just beginning
to make itself heard.
Canadian Labor also is greatly influenced by
two great labor powers, the British Unions and
the United States Unions. Partaking of the
philosophy and traditions of the British, yet it
is organically hooked up with the United States
unions because of the close ecoilomic connection
between the two countries. The great bulk of
Organized Labor in Canada is part and parcel of
the International Unions with headquarters in
the United States-yet
the Canadian, like the
British rather than like the U. S. movement,
stands for the Labor Party in politics and is
affiliated to the Amsterdam International.
Thus the Canadian Labor movement stands
somewhere between the British and United States
movements. ' I t finds it impossible to progress as
far as the British, but neither can it remain as
backward as the U. S. I t stands somewhere in
between, but, while the British influence of ideas
and programs is strong, undoubtedly the U. S.
influence of economic relationship is the most
vital and important.
Indegendeat and National Unions
According to available statistics there are approximately 300,000 t rade unionists in Canada.
The vast majority of these are members of the
"Internationals," of the great unions with headquarters in t he United States, mainly of t he Am-
erican Federation of Labor. In addition to the
Internationals, there are also a few independent
unions, or federations, which are nationalist in
character. Those in the railroad industry are
described in another article. Some of the other
most important ones are as follows:
T he C anadia~z ederation of Labor is a federaF
tion of purely Canadian unions. Its title is more
pretentious than its strength warrants, as very
few unions are affiliated, and these are weak.
The pioneers of this movement were the Pressmen who seceded from the International Typographical Union nearly 15 years ago, at the time
of the struggle for the eight-hour day. A T oronto local of Electrical Workers, formerly of
the International, now the Electrical Workers of
Canada, is the strongest unit in the Federation.
This local seceded from the International about
two years agd. Toronto, Ontario, is the center
of the Federation. Small units come and go, and
its total strength is never more than a few thousands. A s hort time ago an official publication
was launched, Canadian Pederationist, which, according to late reports, is in bad financial straits.
Generally speaking, the secession unions which
make up this federation are imbued with a narrow nationalist spirit, and have a deep prejudice
against being governed "from the other side."
T h e N atio~zal Catholic U nions a re of recent
origin, and are located solely in the French-Canadian Province of Quebec. Born and reared
under the direct control of the Catholic Church,
they are an attempt, ( I ) to prevent the organization of the Quebec workers in the same unions
with fellow workers in the other provinces, and
( 2) a n attempt to b ring t he question of religions
into the economic organizations of the workers.
They are confined solely to members of the
Catholic faith. Their strength has been gradually
increasing, and is now around 35,000. T here is
a strong sentiment among the employers in
Quebec against the International Unions. Quite
recently the Premier made a bitter attack upon
them., he was infuriated at the strong stand take^
by the Typographical Union. The question W&S
�THE LABOR HERALD
THE L A B 0
July, 1922
.-
"Mibereas, we have discovered through p&ful exp r i m e s the utter futility of separate aetan on the
pad of t e workers organized merely along craft lines,
h
su~
tending to
the relative p osi~an
of the master-class; therefore be it
L
"Resolved, that this W ~ t e r n abor Copference plaee
itself on record as favonng the reorgWWabon of the
workers along Q dwtrial lines, so that by virtue of their
industtial strength the workers may be better prepare
to edorce any demand they consider essential to thew
m a i o t m c e and well-being.
r a i s a 31t 2 S'egislature, and the hfe@& made
h
wm
the International u --wuebec.
- But q m - ~ e Catholic unions, it. L int&esting
'
to note, have whetted the appetite of '&e workers
hrrorgrmization, a nd bid fair to thwa* the pur.- . -t-heir organizers. The m w r .epncesof - s i ~ n sgiven them, as a f o n d recog&ithn of
:
&eirirorgagked state, have also w e n an inkling
of what a real organization could and would do.
Reselution No. 3, carried, read as follows:
T k Luanber W orkms I n d d c s W , Qwioa of
"Resolved, that t,his Cbnvention recommends to its
Canada. formerly the British C olmGa Loggers, affiliated membership the s evemce of their a p i t i o n
-ih
were at one t&e a strong orgmim*
T he w t the ~ n t e r n a t i dorganizations, and that steps be
an
&kl
f all workers!'
presmt conditions are, however8 v a y adverse, taken to form of .i ~ dpolicyorganization or&@*is also
fie
cornittee
Section
w ith the i Ioiing down of mamy of the lumber interesting:
a nips due to the depression. The lumber
me opLjaa of th
it
be
workers .&came a miated to t he One Big Union to estabbh an indilStrkl form of org-ation.
.
a ,i ts inception, and were its greatest financial
t
I n May of that year came the memorable Winsupport. I n 1920, however, they broke away be- nipeg g e a d strike. While this was ane of the
cause of disagreement over the form of organiza- most g g c
+ &t
displays of working-chss solition, and took their present name. In spite of darity k^HarthAmerica, culminating h the
f i e hard times they are now going through, this ~&SO=&
af the strike leaders, it also gave
virile and r adial organization has blazed tke si mE V t t he formation of the 0. B. U. Which
t fh s o
m
for the Canadian labor movement by decid- csme h'3&e. T he m ovemat, under the s lop'n
ing jn Coovention, some months ago, for af5Xa- d industrial unionism and secession f m &a
t i ~ to the Red Trade Union International. '%"bgp Internationals, virtually swept the Westem ~ r & n
Gavg no rivals 'in ,.he C anidkn lumber g+
vinces. O Sdal figures placed the m mbership
an$ k revival in the industry w ill give these -1a t around 40,000. However, it fail* mtterly in
..
wsrts, th6 .opportunity of making t heir-pxtk felt its c&nt t o invade the %st. W m %%kecall
b
r
k-C ~ . a d a nce again,
o
that the -Eastern P rovines a re the i . ~ t M a and
l
, y kq.Dpe B
ig U~ioigrt.ates from the m f w a c e m anuIx&ring provinces, conitainhg %h$d k of
d
b
fg#& ? c 1, a t &l&y,hL1b1&~.- About the ppdahn of Canada, it I c l a r that '@s fact
. h91%
s
zsn.Aelegates f r m ~ r a d e sC O ~ m d, local h omed the 0. B. U. Sin&then there has been
~E
w&nspf the I ntemtionds, 0f the f our l4$itern progresiiwe decay in that
Pxovince3-British
Columbia, Alberta, h k a t - of memb@&ip are conflict
~ heycpPP Manitoba-met
a nd.
and m a some that it &om not exceed 4,000 and h W%mipeg
ae
a
momentous decis<ons.
alone &ea it have any strength. T&e~e not a
&
The.W estem delegation at tbe An&tl D.Eenin- trace of .ileft in Vancouver, while k h %
&
iiRg Tra* and Labor Congress 'had al1way4a m- Edmonton, Calgary and Saskatoon
h s e d the-ridicab o l eft-we+ Ap&mmkly be- strongholds, nothing but the name
r
c ombg. impatient a t thk slaw pzxyfrw of,&#& day, when & e 0. . U.is denouncing I n d p a l
B
ideas a rnongs~he Eastern workers, and withcat& W nm and the Red Trade Uniota Internationt
oi
goreseeing the distastrous effect that their d e al, we find most of its former spokesmen a rc now
c b i ~ n as to have on the
w
against ehe policy of dual unionis* and a& S or
this! oohference decided to
b M r i a l unionism through amalgamatioiq, ~d
all connections with the I a t m m M the program of the Red International; a o
tb
mw
a~~tions.
these may b mentioned Kavamgh of Vancouver,
e
%hw_Oae-Big Union has e hnged & b Magridge and Lakeman of Edmonton,
of
i ti~shmt e: Today ib most intense' propa&nda Saskatoon, and Fay of C algam
M
he be$ eleis:~gaimt..
industrial unignism T be Bulletin of ments a re thus departed fri!k f old mistake,
M ~ : ; E T . carried a long ediitoriak, since ~ q z h t e d and are now hard a t work in b $ East and West
&~
l
as-aCpmpMet, the burden +f which is that zr&&
(which a re now closer togethen &an ever before), .
a & c !Oa-kam unicrn for one indam is a r a t - endeavoring to consolidate the. labor movement
e b av
tiofiarjz~s+gp?" It map .therefore be-06 j nte~e& a s a whole. All now realize @at the $s
!t
pret a. M r w h a t was -the atti€ude of the f&.lgary requisite for even defensivk s+ggle 9 a unifiC mference;-did- lanrrched the. ( h e B ig U ddn. cat3on and consolidation of the e$&#ng arganizaE k s d j j t i ~ n r N ~ ~ hick w as caljried ~ ~@W&O~ES2,w
tions.
_.LL.~n
-.
ly.,-.qads-k.as d ~ w : - :. . :
B
s
n i - ~ p Lba Mpqp*2.%;d
.. .
~ e ~ ~ ~ m & f- w c !
4r--chigg-&itngs haee' t&m
T he .;art majoritf 4iw orkers in
p%G ---*%8tyear.* - ms r*:gt+wm;
;and
. . .-."
p&e
-
..
*-
l
MB
.
d
L
Canada belong to the internationals. The group of
first importance, as they constitute the keystone
in the labor movement of the country, is undoubtedly the railroad unions. The building trades,
metal trades, and miners, follow in order of importance. The Canadian District Council of
Metal Trades Department, A. F. of L., covers
the metal trades outside-the railways; the railroad shopmen constitute District No. 4 of the
Railway Department. The United Mine Workers have a membership of approximately 20,000,
organized in two districts, viz ;No. 18, in Alberta,
in the West, and No. 26 in Nova Scotia, the East.
Canada is a land of vast distances, which militate against frequent conventions in the trade
union r n v e r i ~ ~ the chief work must, of course
T.
be done ia the large cities. From Halifax to
Vancouver & a f ar throw, but the work must
o
be carried a, n that scale. This is the reason
that the miSqant union men and women of Canada have been inspired by the work undertaken
by the Trade Union Educational League, which
is working in the unions from coast to coast,
getting a common program into action in every
town and,citpr throughout the Dominion.
As a whole, the Canadian movement presents
even better opportunity for our work, for irnmediate results, than any other section. The
advanced in its social and
movement is -re
politicd outlook than the movement across the
line. The Dominion Trades and Labor Congress,
the counterpart of & A. F. of L. Convention,
not only has gene e n record for independent
political action, buf has taken the initiative in the
formation of Provincial labor parties, to which
w
trades tu&m w d ~ t h e r orking class organizations can affiliate. At the last Congress the basis
was laid for the linking up of these Provincial
parties into a Dominionwide Labor Party.
The b ckwarhes's of the American labor
movement has been used as an argument by the
advocates of Canadian national unionism; they
have cited the lack of national autonomy, the
absence c power to bring strong pressure on the
%
Dominion Government, as their strong argumen.t
against the Internationals. However true i t may
be that the Canadian unions lack power,.it is certain that. such power cannot be achieved through
the policy of splitting up the movement as has
been done with the nationalist unions and the
0. . U. And just as the confusion of dual unB
ions is imsupportable, so also is the multiplication
of craft divisions that now exist. The only solidbasis of working q ass power industrial as well
as politicalj $ies in t he movement for consolidation and anialgztmticm. T hypresent Councils
of autonomous d o n s , separate headquarters,
separate constitutions, separate sanctions to pro-
<
cure for each projected a c t i ~ n ~ atlhis is-.oblsolete and must be scrapped. From a 'purely
financial point of view it is untenable. Millions
of dollars annually are literally thrown away
upon duplication of offices, editors, organizers,
and officials. Because of our lack of unity, amoqg..
the workers organized, we stand helpless before
the solid phalanx of the master class.
The trade union movement in ~ a n a d a ,a.~. ?n
other countries, is passing through its m o g ,
critical period. The employers @re attacking-.
viciously. The movement is relatively . -w_eak,,
Thousands upon thousands of the workers b gw,;
our weakness, and know that industrial' unionisg;;
is the answer. Nowhere is this message- g veft,
to the rank and file, but what is is received wifh
acclamation. Why then do we not make moTe
~ r o ~ r k?s s he reason is our lack of q rgani+t~n,o
T
among the militant unionists in the past. JV?,;
have relied upon a blast of trumpets. T hat ~ ~ 1 1 1
not do the deed. Steady, hard, plodding w o ~ % '
alone will suffice, and thoroagh org?n:za$on&Instead of being content with damning the _re$$:
tionary machine, we must build our o& machge3
-not for the gratification of p e r s o ~ l - a m ~ t i & s j ~
but for furthering militant unionism. The" Trade
Union Educational League has beexforrged f or
'I
this purpose, and is already taking @ *tlGe.'&sk;;
Let us all take hold, and with this .itls'fi&kp.t.ready to our hands, set to remoldiirg the -t&a;:
union movement along industrial lines, ; ~ f g ~ . @ ~ <
G- *
i t with a new spirit, and thus m ake i t fit f ~ , c p ~ g with the ruthless attacks of the capitiEst class.
.
e
READ
.
__.
,
.
The Labor Herald
-
FOR AUGUST
Special Printing Trades Number
also
.,
The C onvdon of the American
F h t i o n of Labor
reported by Wm. 2. Foster
This issue goes to press while the COVG
vention i s still i session, amd the c orn
plete report m1 appear n ext naofsth.
.1
S pecid articles or various p b q s
oz
of the labor movernemnt, Notes .
on th+e Internatio~uzl siduatiom,
ed;torkls, and the regular departments. This will be the h t issue
of THE LABORERALDefore the
H
b
National Conference of the T. U.
A-
�-
THE LABOR HERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League
Dual Unions on Canadian Railroads
d
T
HE First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League will meet in
Chicago, August 26th and 27th. Responding to the crying needs of the present situation
in the labor movement, it will bring together all
the organized groups of militant union men within the trade unions. At this gathering will be
worked out the national policies for the radical
unionists, plans for work in each industry, and
$e attitude to be taken toward the various burning questions before the workere
Surely this move is not premature; it cpmes
a time when the labor movement is on its
m t desperate retreat. The Convention of the
s
.A. F. of L. reports a loss of membership for the
year of over 700,000 members. This is an average loss for the year. The exact f i s r e a t this
time is certainly well over ~,ooo,ooo. Never before has the labor movement suffered such a loss
in strength.
+t
b
..
f n the matter of wages and hours, the retreat
is just a s pronounced. Following close upon the
heels of one another have come wage cut after
wage cut. Increase of hours has become the
order of the day. The drastic lowering of standards of the railroad workers, ~,aoo,ooo f whom
o
w now voting on a strike indicates the sitnation
@roughout the field of industry.
P ~liticalenslavemept has increased along with
the decreasing power of Labor. Injunctions of
the type of those issued by Judge Anderson ate
becoming established as "normal." Laws aimed
at Labor particularly are being passed in every
state, and by the national Congress. Within a
few days the Supreme Court knocked out the
Child Labor Law, and decided that union treasgries could be attached for damages to employers
because of strikes. Industrial Court Laws are
b$ng enacted, and Labor is being forbidden to
s w e . Black reaction swings its whip over Labor in the field of Government.
What have the leaders of the Arherican laber
movement to offer the workers in this crisis3
frothing. They are completely bankrupt. Now
@at hard times calls for Labor's reserve power,
h e conservative leadership is shown to have been
doing business on empty paper promises, with
nothing whatever to back them up. The first
moment they are called upon to meet real prob-
lems, to dispIay real leadership, they stand completely helpless aad impotent.
But if the leaders wi!l not act, then the rank
and file must. In every union and in every city
there are men who see our present plight clearly,
and who do have something definite to offer to
Labor to meet the situation. The Trade Union
Educational League is their organization. I t is
carrying a message to the rank and file, proposing
that we put our unions on a modern footing. The
retreat of Labor must be turned into an advance.
e
To accomplish this, W must wipe out the divisions which are the sources of OUP weakness.
We must have not more than one union in any
one industry. Besides this, these industrial kions must act together as regiments in a n army.
And finally, we m,ust give the workers a rnilitant spirit by teaching them that they have absolutely no substantial relief to look for as long
a s the wage system persists.
The First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League will be one of the
most important gatherings in the American labor
movement for a long time. It will mark the
birth of a new organization, crystallizing a new
tendency and will be one of those epochal gatherings that occur seldom in the lifetime of an individual. It is highly essential that every union
and every city and town be represented at this
Conference, so that it can give the benefit ~f its
advice and assistance in laying the corner stone
for the new radical movement in the mass unions.
Each Local League will be entitled to six delegates. Every city should try to send as nearly
that number as possible. As a matter of economy-, there will be a district conference for the
Pacific Coast held during July, which will enable
the active. workers there to gather in larger numbers and then send a few delegates to the National Conference in Chicago in August. All
other local Leagues will send their delegates
directly t~ the National Conference. One of the
mogt important items to come before the Conf%rwce ill be the permanent organization of
w
Districts, of which there will probably be fourthe Eastern, the Central, the Pacific and tht:
Canadian. Where there is more than one delegate from any locality, they should be chosen
from different industries. This win help to make
the Conference thoroughly 3epresentative. If
your local League is not yet fully organized, get
busy at once to complete your work, and prepare
to elect your delegates.
1
1
I
I
By P. Morton
',
T
H E railroad labor union situation in Canada
is muddled by dual and s ~essional nions
u
probably more than in any other country.
While the sixteen "Standard" railroad unions of
the United States and Canada, the Internationals,
have the
majority
*ose who
are organized, yet there is a flock of little outside organizations which sap the strength of the
railroad men a d render harder the struggle of
the workers. These dual unions draw away each
a portion of the more active workers from the
mass unim in its particular field; more serious
yet, the r esdthg confusion and factionalism becomes a n e
e
f or large additions to the ranks
of the "~n&&t O rder o;f Dues Dodgers."
8,
Neverth*,
the actual condition of the
railroad up5oms in Canada has not justified
d uali$q.to h e .extent that has been present
i the United States. In the United States
n
there have been a number of great strike movemeats whi* repressed by the International union
o&cials, $ouqd expression in "outlaw" strikes
and caused %he formation of some of the secessionist orgai&ations. T he vicious war carried
on against f ie h f o n s in the United States by
the railroad mecutives, under orders from Wall
Street, has a1.so c o~tributed to ploughing the
ground far dud d o t there. But these conditions did not exist &.nearly the s aqe intensity
i Canada. Our @ @ i supply of dual unions
n
~ @c
must rather be attdbuted to the fact b a t our
more active rank a nd filers have lacked a "balance wbwy' and have been open to every influence a nd ,slngggStion wafted on the season's
breezes, ' '' '"
~t w $ q there a re in Canada (counting
:g'
the stan&$.&im,
all have soae sort of
.
working &$:@gements, a s one) , s ix organizations
b iddkg a&si
each other for the support of the
shop trade^^ dive unions competing for the running crafts, ,&ght unions fighting about the clerks
s, s ix more disputing for the
and shop laborers, six over
, four dividing the telegmthe dining and sleeping
h group, with the excepfreight handlers, the In(the sixteen standarq
railroad orgm&a6ions) have many more of the
a
organized w ~ k than all the others combined
And the s&&td Internationals are also the organizations @at conduct the negotiations with
the companies f ar each group, with a few exceptions mentioned later. But though their member-
ship is small, the dux1 unions create much confusion and seriously weaken the whole mass of
the railroad workers. A few outstanding examples may be cited.
The "Best" Organizations
I n 1919, a man by the name of Best, formerly
of the Locomotive Engineers
a district
on the old Canadian Northern Railroad, started
a new union, called the Canadian Association of
Engine Service Men. ~e endeavored t o get the
,%ineers and firemen to-join, using the slogan
~
~ to~
was
a
of "canada for the ~
extent successful, obtaining a number of
those workers. But in a referendum vote recently taken of the employees of that road, they voted
two to one in favor of the International Unions.
Undoubtedly, however, this dual union will remain for some time yet to further complicate the
situation.
T he same' Mr. Best later started a secession
movement within the secessionist 0 . B. U. shopmen of Winnipeg, calling it the Canadian AS-'
sociation of Railway Shopmen. H e was for a
time able t o get a few shopmen, but it-seems to
be dying out. Another organizatiori fatliered by
this prolific begetter of dual unioris was the Canadian Association of Train Service Men.
The Canadian Railway workersi lnhastriai
Union
This embryo "industrial union" was launched
among the shopmen of Calgary in 1919, about
the time of the 0. B. U. movement. Its members were recruited from the workers on the
Canadian Pacific Railroad, but never got beyond
a few of the shop trades. Largely due to the
divisions caused by their secession and the numerous other dual unions, these S a m men are, for
the most part, l10t now members of any union.
The Unit+&Association of Railway E d o ~ e m
'
of America
There are only a few scattered members of
this organization in Canada, principally among
the running trades. Their propaganda against
the International Unions is, however, quite in;
dustrious. Recently an organizer for this union
in Eastern Canada made the announcement that
they were going to start a Canadian Section of
the United Association. Just how far it has gone
i s hard to tell yet, but it will probably be another
contribution toward division and disunity. .
The Catholic National Union
This organization was started a number of
years ago by some authorities of the Catholic
Church. Some of its organizers are priests, and
a
~
�i
T .HE L A B O R H E R A L D
in, some cases where It has a f oohMJ t priests
k
act as bwiness agents. The reason @n for its
e
separate existence is that the I n ~ u n a Unl
i are too "radical," and hence bq a tendency
m
t o alienate their followers from the Chxch. They
claim to have 40,000 m embm, iawept&yg all
classes of workers. Their prirYci& sfzmgth is
in the p rovin~eof Quebec. Hqw & g they
n
a re on the railroads is problemti&a[; they have
ST
OE
I
shopmen and elerks, bat in k hp@xee a re
they a considerable factor en the
e ms
so far as wage m o v m a t s o r
a re
concerned.
all d k o a d employees of every craft. From
time to time it has secured a to&hold among the
shop a d ocher trades, only to lose it again a fter
a brief pwiod.
At present the Canadian Brotherhood has the
majority of the organized clerks and freighthandlers in Canada. I t negotiates with the Canadian National W r o a d for that group of workers, and also to same extent for the boiler and
engine room e mployes and shop laborers on that
road. In the last few years, however, the Clerks'
International has organized that group on the
Canqlian Pacific Railroad, and carries' on their
negotiations. For the last four years, b t h unions
The Chadian B r d d ~ 4 'lk@imatd
4
have been making great efforts to seeme comE mplam . \ I . ,
plete control, with the result that the hostility
This organization, like s&ier b. $s field, is
&
hem has become pronomeed. T his
largely "national" in clzaraI %We em- between its deplorable, and keeps many workers
!
%
&
situation
phasizing its peculiar ( h am
Znd
'
out of h t h organizations, continuing dborganizaparadoxically enough, t !m@B.
o
n w t a in order to organize the clerks,OB &e C k- tian. T he sign of progress here is, however, that
there is a move under way to amalgamate these
adian Northern Railm~d)whit&. h
two unions into one organizatioh.
into Virginia and D uluth This i s
Mean Federatiam d Railroad W.
4
h o n s t r a t e d t he fallacy :af "m&eflal"
1n-ti-1
~ m&eh'ho~d sati011
of
the r droads, aU of which cw &e international
r
,.
.
border,
~P~QY-A t 3k.s inception in 1909,
The American Federation of h i h ~ a d orkW
Was
n d a dual union, in the s tria s a g of the w d . ers 'made an attempt to get a foot lmld with the
At W h e theclerks, f r+t-Badlers,
l a b o m , r ailrad m xkers in Canada, and seea?d a few
and engine room eniq~lcryq~, . w e e m ; & sn that portion of the New York Cenetc.,
nr q
a
t&Ify u noEganw. m i fite&M aeijons tral, Wabash, and P ere Marquette lbdroads that
e
w%% jafiscktkn ~ ~ these r
e % hadQmade m tb-owh a section of Canada. H ere their
i
&
any energetic headway in Cam&. It m s only &fluence stopped, m has a a11 t imes been negd
$
a short time, Itowever, until the C km*
Bro- ligible, except for the p reve&m ~f mi@.
therhood tbrew open its membership h k o t o
The International B rotherhod of S ~btian mE
July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
9
than shopmen, ever joined it at any time. The
shopmen they did get were all in w estern Canada (west of Port Arthur and Fort W i l l i i s ) ,
and their numbers were not more than 50% of
the shopmen involved. This means that at its
strongest, &e 0. B. U. had no more than 1 t o
0
15% of the Western'railroad workers at the
height of its power. Never did they obtain
enough power to function as an ordinary union
in this field. The organization has now lost most
of its members, and has degenerated into a baseball pool establishment. The pools conducted by
the 0. B. U. Bulletin have done much to keep
that organization in existence. The B ulldin is
The
Big unia
being sold in immense numbers, for the pool
All of @ d ual and secessionist unions men- tickets that are printed therein ;but the influence
bm'-mhave been conservative or reaction- of the organization as such is rapidly dying.
tioned a
of their nationalistic posiAl this complication of unionism has resulted
l
philosophy of the labor from the original mistake of quitting the old orUnion differs from all ganizations. The membership, instead of work. I t has always been a ing to improve these organizations and to make
with a philosophy of the class them function effectively, has run off to all sorts
alist leanings. How- of union tangents, with the confusion we see.
.exmatWi'pa'c.5ical results of its organization ac- The situation will never be corrected until the
t ivi'h b m6een t o continue and extend the de- original mistake is made good by the active spirits
$Ir)ralsb,i%#gdty and division.
going back t o the trade unions again and taking
The m e Big Union, contrary to the opinion the mass of seceders with them. Except this is
of many p e o k never made any large successes done there is no immediate hope for solidarity
on the railre&&% Very few railroaders, other among Canadian railroad workers:
ployees is one of the three unions into which the
clerks and freight handlers are divided on the
Canadian section of the Grand Trunk Railroad,
and during recent negotiations for that g row of
employees all three organizations laid claim to
being the proper one to represent them. The result was that the officials of the railroad proposed
that they appoint a joint committee from the
three unions, which was done. It is certainly
some situa*
when the boss has to advise the
workers t o get together, and it is not hard to
imagine tba s tate of chaos that exists among these
wo&ers 017 the Grand Trullk Railroad.
n
Brothers to the 'Boss
By Jay Fox
me to ask: " m y a trade cators, the preachers, politicians and capitalists
league? Ahit our na- deny the existence of classes and denounce as
6onal s choof+$~kmsufficient f or a ll Prac- enemies of society all who point out the self evitical ubion aeedgtmithout you brothers handing dent fad. usure; they say, "there are capitalus o&
&$
nm-apmgled to torture o ur ists and working people, but they are not enemies.
stuff
about"l
They are the mutually dependent producerstired '
is SO much like two branches of one great industrial familyt W had better brothers,
e
fact, with common interests and
irst, he is a vic- asphtions.~ great mass of us believe
~~d the
e most pernicious that bunk in t he face of all the evidence to the
r known. dccond, h e dis- contrary;
we will continue -to believe
so
plague second Only to long as we refuse to "torture our tired brains"
doing a little thinking of our own.. ("Lazy
to
The kdrockrains," I would say, f a r it is quite evident they
b
t there are two classes don" get tired from use).
work for wages are in
If any worker deubts my statement let him
own the jobs constitute the
demarcation is $0 distinct look at the lineup in the coal strike. On one side
most unnecessary to point a re the coal barons, the fellows who' "own"
it out. BGt &ere is where the capitalist propa- the mines (the jobs), the courts trying strikers
effectively with our mental on the charge of treason, the newspapers and
from learning a basic truth, capitalists in general. On the other side, the
miners, supported only by their worker friends.
is absolutely essential,
See how v&@mently the newspapers and edu- Now I didn't make that lineup. It is there by
-
�THE LABOR HERALD
reason of the economic law which "the pillars
of society" say does not exist.
Now it will be asked: since classes do really
exist why are the capitalists and their retainers
so persistent in their denial? The answer to that
question is also self eyident. T he capitalists
know that as soon as it becomes generally known
amongst the workers that classes exist there will
be a lineup in this country that will stir things
to their very foundation. The capitalists a re
shrewd men. They don't let their brains tire
for w aat of use. They know that classes exist,
but they don't want us to know it. It is because they know it that .they always put up such
a solid front when opposing us. A nd i t is because we d m J t know it that we. a re so much
divided amongst ourselves.
Here is where the function of our educational
w ork a mong t rade unions comes in, and there i s
nothing "new-fangled" about it eitherer I t is a
simple explanation of things a s &ey e xkt and
have existed for hundreds of yeais. The b unk
that there are no classes in t his c o t m w i s t he
great American lie. And as soon a s we g rasp
it in sufficient numbers we will lay &e foundstion f or a movement that will f ree u s from t he
octopus of capitalism in whose tentacles every
worker knows he is held.
T he reason why so little p rogress h as been
made by the workers of this country is due to
t he fact that so many of us believe we are oneW ith
hundred percent brothers t o t he boss=.
dominant in "our tired brains"
t hat
w e h ave been led without a halter by the henchmen of capitalism ; we believe t he b d s et before us daily by the newspapers ; we support the
politicians and lawyers who, in t he service of
the capitalists, yearly make more m d more laws
to enslave us ; we turn away from those of our
own dass whose untired brains have seen t he
fight of day t hru t he f akery of t he ''friendS of
labor;" a nd in various other ways we help +he
capitalists to keep u s enthralled, while they g o
merriIy on to the conquest of power.
of t he
N OW suppose w e come t o a
every proposal p ut f orward by the
t ruth
henchmen of capital is IW% f or capital a nd
against labor, t hat society a s it is organized today in all its various r am6cations is
a h uge machine designed and operated for one
spec& purpos-the-enrichment
of the rich at
the eqense of t he- p-. a -pitalist sociew by,
oor;
f or and of the capitalists.
T hat is a broad statement, b ut i t can easily
be proven. Look around you. HOW uch of
m
t he c ountry~swealth, all created by labor, does
labor possess? This counhy wag
nothing
when labor landed here. Today it is worth over
500 billion dollars, (richer than the great British
July, 1922
Empire), and labor, to whom all t hat,uncountable wealth really belongs, is stinting along in
the same old way, striving to make both ends
meet and pay the landlord for the privilege of
living in the houses it built.
How else could it be done, since the mass of
us don't want to "torture our tired brains" by
taking any t hought of our own material interests? The capitalists use their brains, while we
use our hands and y r k under their direction.
W e might as well not have any brains at all.
A m an with a horse makes the animal do all
t he work he is capable of doing and does himself
those things the horse cannot do. The capitalists
have a better graft. They train us workers to
do dl t heir work and give us grub only while
we work. The horse has the best job, his grub
is continuous.
I f there is still more proof wanting that this
is a capitalist-owned society, let US pursue the
subject a bit further. The jobs upon which our
living depends are "owned" by the capitalists,
who have the legal right at any time to cut off
o ur food supply and leave us to starve to death;
a nd we have no recourse in law. W e may die
of h unger and the men who cut off o ur f ood
supply are not held f or murder. T he jobs a re
their private property and the government stands
behind them with its courts and jails and hangmen, i ts mssacks, machine g uns a nd poison gasW e a re compelled by t he necessity of food,
clothing a nd shelter to g o to these capitalists and
meekly ask them f or permission to work at the
industries t hat we have created, paying f or t he
privilege all we produce over and above the scant
wages which t he capitalists have agreed to Pay
US. T hat is the condition of labor in "free Ame r b " a nd i t is t he Purpose of o ur present movement t o change it. W e a re determined t hat labor
shall be free in free America. And it is our opinion that t he burden of liberating labor lies in its
own hanqs and no where else. W e a re convinced
t hat t be ,first article of freedom is the right to
work without the permission of any man. This
means t hat in order to be free, labor must control
t he industries. S uch a consumation can only be
attained 'by t he organization of t he workers of
each industry into industrial unions, such unions
t o be formed by t he amalgamation of t he Present
tra@ unions.
T he Trade Union Educational League of Chicago is
cooperating .with the four Russian Famine Relief orp;anIzation8 whieh are puttina on a joint tag-day
throughout the city on June 26, for the benefit of the
Russian children. The organizations are, The Trade
Union committee, the Friends of Soviet Russia, American Committee for Russian Famine Relief, and
American Relief for Russian Women and Children.
5,000. women
be on the streets coflecting funds.
Volunteers should send in their names.
THE LABOR HERALD
July, 1922
Railroad Workers! To Action!
T
HE railroad workers are faced with the supreme decision-struggle
or slavery. We must fight, or we will be fastened with chains
worse than even those of the past. The Railroad Labor Board,
disregarding the solemn warnings of our unions, and the representatives
of Labor on the Board, have cut right into the very lives of all of us.
They have reduced us to a standard which will make it impossible to
live in the slightest approach to decency. They have taken the clothes
off the backs of our wives and children, and the food from off our
tables. There can be but one answer-STRIKE.
While we prepare with all our energy for the struggle, let us
end, once for all, this horrible travesty of having our representatives
sitting upon the same Board which is the instrument for our destruction. Withdraw the representatives of Labor from the Railroad Labor
Board at once ! Tell Wharton, McMenirnen a nd Philips to resign !
O ur unions must be immediately prepared for the strike. W e
have wasted many precious years, months and weeks, which should have
been used organizing our forces. W e should be prepared to throw one
great united army into this struggle. No crime so great has ever been
committed as that which has kept us railroaders divided among ourselves. Now that we are forced into the fight before we have attained
solidarity, we must bend every energy, every ounce of our strength, to
remedying this evil. Solidarity of the railroaders-this must be our
slogan. When the strike is called, let it be a general strike of every
worker on the railroads !
T he miners are already in the battle, fighting the same enemy
who so cynically forces us into the struggle. Their army of 665,000
have been fighting stubbornly for three months before we must strike.
Our cause is the same as theirs. Our forces should be united. W e
should not allow that they could, by any possibility, be beaten just as
we begin our struggle. Let us join our issue, and win or lose together; our fighting power will be thus increased a hundredfold!
The strike before us is at once our test and our opportunity.
If we measure b p to the fight, we can make it the turning point in the
present disasterous period. We can, joining hands with t he miners,
begin fmally t he struggle which will carry us forward instead of backward as we have been going for two years. We can turn our present
retreat into an advance. W e can become the advance-guard of the
entire army of Labor, which, inspired by our example, will make a
general assault upon the forces of capitalistic reaction.
All together-against
the railroad companies, against the Railroad Labor Board, against the capitalist class and their lickspittle Administration.
STRIKE.
�July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
They M ove an Inch
i
A Story of Four Railroad Conveptians
I
I
By Wm. Z. Fostee
I
I
of Railroad Conductors, the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, and to a lesser extent the Brbtherhood of Railway Clerks, failed badly tb
measure up to the needs of the situation. Blit
they did move forward an inch nevertheless, and
in our stagnant labor movement that is not to
be sneezed at.
Facts About the Organizations
The B. of L. F. & E. opened its convention in
Houston, Texas on May Ist. This was the 2gth
There were pressince its foundation in
ent go5 delegates representing 1 20~0~0embers.
m
Debs was Secretary of this
From 1881 to
At its foundation the uoion fundtioned in wage matters, but after the great, idI
The situation on the railroads, f r m a union starred strike of 1877 it repudiated strike actioh
I point of view, is just about desperate. The cam- and confined itself to serving as a sick and d eaq
1 panies have wiped out the national agreements. benefit society. The enormous upheaval in tht
? They have gutted the eight hour day, and are middle '80's woke it up again and at its 188k
reintroducing piece work-that is where they do convention it readopted the strike policy. The
not farm out the work altogether to dummy con- convention of the B. of R. T., with 760 delegates,
' tractors operating without the pale of t
he Trans- opened in Toronto, May 9th. Approximately
' portation Act-and
company unions are being 180,ooo members were represented. The B. of
set up on various roads. All the organizations R. T., originally known as the Brotherhood of
; have taken cuts in wages, and now the Railroad Railroad Brakemen, was orgatlized in 1883. Like
I Board is going over them the second time., clip- the rest of the Brotherhoods, it encountered so
much opposition in its early stages that it had to
I ping their salaries again. Within the past few
weeks the Maintenance of Way workers* many function merely as a fraternal order. I t b e c d
of whom were cut to as low as 23 cents per hour, a genuine labor organization in 1885. It has asI
, have been reduced to a starvation wage; the six sets to the extent of $ 8 , 0 0 0 , ~ . T he 0. R. C.
, shop crafts have also been slashed another 12% opened its 37th convention in Cleveland the first
l o r so, and the latest are the Clerks, while the week in May. The organization consisting of
Telegraphers, the four Brotherhoods, and the rest 60,000 members, was founded in 1868. Until
are standing around waiting the convenience of 18g0 i t devoted itself to beneficial features; but
; the Board to guillotine them The general con- at that time it changed its constitution so that it
became a trade union. The B. of R. C. etc. held
' sequence is demoralization among the rank and
i file, a demoralization which not even the strike its convention in Dallas, Texas, beginning May
'vote can check. Many thousands have left the 1st. This was the 14th since the founding of
the organization in 1899. There were approxiI organizations, and many more will do so in the
' near future unless a way is found to stop the mately 150,000 workers represented. The Clerks'
union lingered along from the beginning? having
rout.
only a small membership. At the outbreak of the
In such a crisis one would think that our war there were only 6,500 members on its rolls.
leaders would do the necessary and logical thing ; Then it underwent a'tremendous grriwth, reportthat is, call a special convention of all railroad ing 175,000 members in 1931.
' organizations and there weld them together into
Warren S. Stone's Program
a compact body able to repel the assaults of the
I n the following recital of the progressive
companies. But of course nothing like that is
done. The movement is too much Gompersized measures considered by the four conventions the
for such action. The best that they do is to name of Warren S. Stone, Grand Chief of the
develop a mild progressivism. In their conven- Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, constanttions during the past month, the Brotherhood of ly occurs, despite the fact that his was not one
Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, the Order of the four organizations directly-i~mlved. Thk
I
\
T is a basic law of life that all organisms, socia1 as well as animal, when confronted with
a new environment must either change to
meet the new conditions or perish. That is ex, actly the situation the railroad unions are now
1 u p against. Their environment has changed
\mightily in the last few years. The employers
, have become enormously stronger financially and
better organized; likewise they have taken on
a high degree of class consciousness and are out
to destroy all unionism. Unless the .unions can
meet these new conditions by revamping their
,methods, structure, and social conceptions they
must die. For them it is either eyolution o r ex, tinction. '
I
:
!
t
:
I
8
i
THE LABOR HERALD
13
reason for this was his great activity in connec- have been brought about and the fight stopped
tion with the conventions. He has developed a 20 years ago. Although the Switchmen were
definite railroad program, including closer af- long the most militant craft on the railroads
filiation, working class political action, recogni- their position in resisting the merger was wrong
tion of Russia, co-operation in general and co- and their arguments that brakemen and switchoperative banking in particular, building up of men cannot function in the same organization
the railroad paper? Labor, remodelling the con- were ridiculous. The fight .held the whole railvention system, etc., and he went from conven- road union movement back Moreover great
tion to convention to put it across. Three of harm was done to trade unionism at large by the
them, the Firemen, Conductors, and Trainmen, Switchmen who, taking advantage of their A.
he visited in person, and no doubt his influence F, of L. affiliation, systematically poisoned and
was powerfully felt at the other, the Clerks. And estranged the body of trade unionists from the
when a11 was said and done, nearly everything four brotherhoods.
progressive that was accomplished at the conBut an even more important amalgamation proventiong at least that of moment, was the result ject developed at the Firemen's convention. They
of his campa@.
decided to have their general officers sit in with
Stone is not a radical, quite the reverse. He the general officers of the B. of L. E. to map out
has showed time and again (lately at the Ladies a plan to merge the two engine service organizaGarment ~ ~ r k e r convention) his hatred of tions into one. When completed, the plan will
s'
revoIutisnis%s and thGir policies. Likewise, his be submitted by referendum to the membership
conduct in Lolding his organization aloof from of both unions for ratification. It is almost certhe general industrial struggles of the mass of tain $0 carry. This scheme is pretty much the
railroad workers, thereby gravely injuring the work of Stone. H e went to Hjouston and advised
cause af the workers and aiding that of the com- the Firemen to go through with it. Immediately
panies,shows conclusively that he lacks the larger after he stopped talking the resolution was a d o p
vision. Nwertheless in many minor aspects of ted. In explaining the advantages of the plan
the m o~@lent e has quite a streak of progres- Stone touched on the only real obstacle to amh
sivism. B q i t e his serious shortcomings he algarna$on, namely, the fear by the officials that
stands he& and shoulder above the other leaders ' they may lose their jobs. H e said, "It would
in the railmad k dustry, not only because he has materially reduce the number of field officers,
(while they have none), permit of having but one instead of two salaried
some sort of a ~~,
but also became h has the aggressiveness to Chairmen on each road, and all of that. Some of
put it through. Ckhpared with him the static these salaried Chairmen may be out of a job."
Jewell, President & &e &ilway Employees' De- "But," he declared, "don't legislate for your
partmeat is a m y . I t is safe to say that if general officers, legislate for the rank and file of
s
the B m ~ d o o d f Locomotive Engineers were your Brotherhood and then you will get results.
a H i h d b &e A. F. o l L. Stone would soon put Forget y ow officers."
Sam Gai~pg&& watch.
Political Action
,
Amalgamation
All four organizations declared for the political
e af closer affiliation cropped up program inaugurated at the Chicago conference
The q
all am&& I s this respect the Clerks took the recently- 'I'his Puts nearly all of the unions on
u
lead ; ina,.,-&~d real understanding. They record for that movement, which looks like a
adopt& m r wlution, introduced by Wade Labor Party in the making. Quite evidently the
e
ShurdeE,, , e g f or the amalgamation of a11 railroad workers are tired of being kept political
body, and another re- cip'hers simply because Mr. Gompers refuses to
. T. De Hunt, the one think. I t will be only because of timid leadere Chicago Federation of ship i f, before these lines get into-print, they have
the A. F. of L. proceed t o not marched into the A. F. of L. convention and
s in every industry into a successfully demanded the abolition of the absurd
series of M m5rial organizations.
policy of Labor's "rewarding its friends and
The T h m , besides developing a movement punishing its enemies." Stone made a strong dew
for closer i-e&%o~ ith the conductors, adopted fense of the new political policy before the three
a reso1nticsa.L amalgamate with the Switchmen. conventions at which he spoke.
Should
gp~thi-ot~gh,and there is every prosRecognition o Russia
f
pect it w ill s @wthat the Switchmen's Union is
Another point in Stone's program is the esbroke and mfiWt furnish good paying jobs to tablishment of peace with Russia. In .some manits official do^; it will put an end to one of the ner he has developed a sympathetic attitude tomost disa&tronsinter-union wars in the history wards that embattled country. In the March
of Organized Labor. The amalgamation should number of the Locomotive Eagirzeers' J o~rnul
-
�THE LABORHERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
there appears an editorial, doubtless with Stone's
0. K., in which Gompers is laced as seldom before because of his brutal Russian policy. I n his
scorching article the writer declares that Mr.
Gompers, "Like the gold-braided generals of
France, wants peace, but first he wants his bucket
of Bolshevik blood." He states further that the
well-informed labor leaders, political economists
and statesmen of Europe are agreed that Russia
must be rehabilitated before normal conditions
can be restored in the world. Then he says,
"Opposing them are the bloodthirsty Czarist
generals, the horde of ex-Russian landlords, noaccount counts, ignoble nobles, and other jobless
remnants of autocracy, together with a Russian
propaganda bureau in New York sponsored by
eminent Wall Street bankers and labor haters.
Truly Mr. Gompers has chosen strange bedfellows." Stone made no issue of Russia in his
convention addresses. The Clerks were the only
one of the organizations to take a favorable stand
itl the matter, and they demanded the recognition
of Russia and the establishment of trade relations with her.
Co-operative Banking:
A t the various conventions Stone made propaganda for another one of his measures, namely,
labor banks; but so far as the writer has fearned
at this time, the only organization to respond to
the proposition was the Clerks. They commissioned their officials to go ahead and organize a
bank to be owned and controlled by the union.
Thus added impetus was given the l a h r banking
movement initiated by Stone. Already, in addition to the original B. of L. E. institution, the
following labor banks, are either in speration or
being organized : the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers i Chicago, the Brotherhood Railway
n
Carmen in Kansas City, the Order of Railroad
Telegraphers in St. Louis, and the joint locals
of the four Brotherhood organizations in Minneapolis. The thing is growing too rapidlp. W e
can look for a crash soon, once the well-kuown
genus labor faker begins to take a hand at high
financing.
Building t he Jolurnat "Labor"
One of the striking features of the conventions
was that three of them, the Clerks, Firemen, and
Conductors, subscribed their entire membership
in a body for Labor, the weekly paper owned and
controlled by the 16railroad unions. This meant
an immediate increase in circulation of about
300,000 per week.
Rarely if ever has labor
journalism experienced anything of the like. And
again the hand of Stone is seen at work. The
building up of Labor is one of the planks in his
platform. For a long time the various organizations had backed the paper in a desultory way,
-
issuing all sorts of pressing and even frantic
calls through their respective journals urging the
membership to subscribe for it. But the Locomotive Engineers, which is to say Stone, were
the first to really take the matter seriously. At
their last convention they subscribed the whole
organization for Labor. Stone then took up the
propaganda for it in the ~ rganizations, dvocating
a
it in hib recent convention speeches. I t now
looks as though practically all the railroad unions
will take the paper en masse. Within a year or
two it will probably be one of the widest-read
labor journals in the world. L abor represents
one of the get-together tendencies now agitating
the railroad workers. Unless it falls short of its
true mission it will some day supplant the conglomeration of 16 railroad union journals that are
now in the field. Although now cold and official,
it should finally become the one great paper of
the one all-inclusive industrial union of railroad
workers.
Reorganizing the h v e n t i o n s
Particularly demoralizing to the railroad unions is their system of holding conventions. One
bad feature is the custom of having them in different cities each time. This reduces-the gatherings t o mere junketings and picnic parties. The
habit is for the delegates to spend more time and
interest in sightseeing than in considering organization business. Another bad feature is the
system of allowing one delegate from each local
union, with all expenses paid by the general organization. One effect of this is, in the larger
unions, to make the conventions practically into
mobs of 1000 to 1500 delegates apiece. Real
business is out of the question. And the expense is fabulously high. At their last convention the Firemen spent over $ &o,o~o, and the
Carmen, Conductors, Clerks, and others expended about the same. The result is that conventions become fewer and fewer as the delegations grow larger and the junketing spirit develops. And even when held they are practically
worthless.
For some reason Stone has singled out this
abuse, and during the recent conventions he broke
a few lances against it. At the Firemen's gathering he panned them (also the Conductors) for
their antiquated convention system. H e stated
that the Engineers have reduced their delegation
one-half, likewise their expenses. Besides, they
now hold all their conventions in the home city,
Cleveland. He declares that it took a long fight
to put the thing through in the face of the opposition of the cheap delegates, ever present at
conventions, who battled to get as much out of
the organization as possible for their petty graft.
He said, "We tried to get it through three conventions. We finally got it referred to a refer-
l
I
endurn vote of the membership, and by an 80%
vote they decided in favor of a reduetion of
delegates. This meant the end of having conventions for the purpose of having good times
and junketing trips." The Firemen, with their
convention costing them $52.06 a minute and
due to last a month, saw the point and appointed
a committee to work out a plan along the lines
suggested.
I n addition to holding all the Brotherhood conventions in one town, Stone aims to center their
headquarters in one place also. At present three
of them, the Engineers, Firemen, and Trainmen,
are located in Cleveland. Stone invited the Conductors 40 move in from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, so
that all might get together without much d s culty. But in this he was defeated, the old fogy
Order of Railway Conductors refusing; for sentimental rwsoins, to leave their ancient home.
They prorn$ied however to take up this weighty
matter again in their 1925 convention.
The Old Guard Re-elected
Few changes were made in the various administrations. Fitzgerald of the Clerks was reelected unanimously. Sheppard of the Conductors also gat by without difficulty. Carter of the
Firemen refused to run again, a fact which will
help amalgamation of the two engine service organizatims mightily. H e has become a historian
of his Brotherhood at the full salary he got as
President. Hk sirecessor is D. B. Robertson.
Bill Lee had opps&on in the Trainmen, Val
Fitzpakrick running &gainst hirn. But Lee won
out hmdi1y. T b &e spirits an his branchl of
the s mim who h w l d have been there to fight
him a m SSIF0ut d t he organization ; they quit
during & i4l5gfamed "oAutlaw"strike of two years
S
I
ES
ago. h e TS d e t o take much credit from this
affair,
as &e saviour of the Brotherhood.
i
He de
effort to have the "outlaws"
reinstat*
The railroaders of the country will
k a E a i ! t l with hirn f or another three years
unless
mqected happens.
Note
was the absence of the Plumb
Plan from W wnv6ntions. Though some railroaders c m t i a ~ eto do reverence to tlhis guild
system, it it3 near practically a dead issue. Sam
Gompers
a large share in its killing. Carter
said of f t in the firemen's convention, "The
propaganda that has been spread against it by
the r ailf~a$ka.nipulators and the big financial
interests has' rendered it impossible to establish
its principles
the name "Plumb Plan."
Such, in the main, was the work of the conventions. A li+&le as accomplished, but in view of
m
the prevailing crisis it was pitifully inadequate.
In one summary we have mentioned the work
of Stone o f t a , and his influence was undoubted-
ly great. None of the other big leaders had a
thing to offer. It was the old story of the oneeyed man being F i g in the land of the blind.
But some also felt the influence of our League in
the conventions. In discussing the Clerks' convention the I lli~z~isribulze said, "With a vote
T
that left no misunderstandiilg this convention
went on record in favor of the amalgamation plan
which the Trade Union Education League has
been advocating, and by the same kind of a vote
recognition of Soviet Russia and the establishment of trade relations by this Government were
demanded." Such mild advances as were made
will not sufEce. Nor will the oncoming strike
settle matters, though that must of course be
fought through to victory. The only thing that
can fully meet the needs of the railroad workers
is the realization of the program of the Trade
Union Educational League. First, the entire
army of railroad workers must be fused together
into one body, and then this organization must be
inspired with a revolutionary purpose. Only
when this is done will the railroad workers really
be fitted to h ake progress towards their eventual
goal of emancipation.
1
1
�July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
The Revolution in the Office
By Earl R Browder
H
possible of the typical office of our great-grandfathers will seem quite primitive.
The particular stimulus which caused the
writer to dig up this description of Tellson's
Bar& office came when, recently, he had occasion
to drop into the counting room of a large modern
bank. There, in a large, well lighted room, were
30 or 40 machines, with electric motors, going
at top speed, filling the room with burr, click,
and hum, and the atmosphere of a small factory.
Attending each machine was a young man, model
of sartorial art, engaged with intense concentration in summing up the day's business of
many millions of dollars. Here was a battery of
adding machines, totaling the transactions of the
various departments ;there was an array of bookkeeping machines, swiftly and mechanically
segregating the items and posting them to inThe Office of Yesterday and Today
dividual ledger accounts.
Passing into a private office, one waited while
very dark, very ugly, very
6'1~
was very
the cashier completed a letter which he was
~ c o m m o ~ ~ o u s the partners in the H~~~~
No 'IWde
were proud of its smallness, proud of its dark- registering on a
her present to interfere with the privacy
ness, proud of its smallness, proud of its incowmdiousness. They were even boastful of its of the interview. Yes, there was a
particulars, and were f i r e , by elsewhere in the office, if wanted, as one could
minencein
an express conviction that, if it were less ob- tell from the sight of a Stenotype Machine at
another desk. Just outside the office door, was
jectionable, it would be less respectable . .
a Spruce young lad, feeding letters into a machine,
"Thus it had come to pass, that Tellson's was
and sta*ed
in
the triumphant perfection of inconvenience. After which turned them Out
bursting open a door of idiotic o bsthcy with a a jiffy- The paper which I was carrying needed
w,=& rattle in its throat, you fell into Tellson's the signature of a man in another p art of t he
hwn steps, and came to your senses in a building; but no boy was called to send it. It
two
miserable little shop, with two little counters, , Was dropped into a pneumatic tube, and with a
whirr and click was back in a moment with the
check
where the oldest of men made
necessary endorsement. The people in the office
as if the wind rustled it, while they examined
sipature by
dingiest of
which moved with a jerky, mechanical f recision, and
were always lsnder a show-bath of mud from went through standardized motions as if they
the &pier by were used to doing the same thing over and over
neettreet, and
s
wwe
their own iron bars p r o p r and the heavy shadow again, thousands of times a day. The whole
of Temple Bar. If your business necessitated effect of the place was that of a cross between
a modern machine shop and a sterilized, disinyour seeing "the House," you were put into a
fected hospital or toilet room.
species of Condemned H d d at the Ira&, w bm
Quite
you meditated on a lnisspeflt Pfo, m~ the ~~i~~an extreme contrast with Tellson's Bank!
offices
are not like
just as
came with its b n d s in its pockets, and you could
all offices in 1780 were not like Tellson's. But
hardly blink a t it in the dismal twilight."
An obvious caric&ture,you say. Granted. We both are typical of their times, and the contrast
do not need to insist upan the
of tells the story of a revolution of methods of inDickens. A caricature is an a aggetgtbn5 but dustry .as a
T he Office W o r k s
no one, so far as I know, has accused D i b s of
creating something which did not exist at all.
What of the human stuff whjch lives its life
Recalling that the quill still flourished in those in these contrasted environments? Has it changed
not so far-off days, and that the steel pen was as these outward farms have done?
still to come into use, and the. brightest picture
The office worker of 1780, according to DickUMAN life is a changing thing. Among
the many changes of the past hundred years
or so, none has been more compete than
that of offices, and office work. Machinery, the
great transformer, has been busy in the office,
to a- degree almost, if not quite, than it has been
at work in the shops. Social and political life
has been made over into something quite new,
so far as outward forms are concerned, and the
life of the office workers has kept pace.
How great the change has been is hard to
realize. But we get some small idea of it, if we
go to our bookshelf (or to that of a friend, as
the writer had to do), and dig up one of the old
favorite books, to read again the description of
an office in the year 1780. I have picked up a
book by Charles Dickens, and read of the office
of Tellson's Bank, by Temple Bar, London,
..
.
ae
en's sample at Tellson's, was a miserable being.
"Cramped in all kinds of dim cupboards and
hutches at Tellson's, the oldest of -men carried
on the business gravely. When they took a
young man into Tellson's London house they hid
him somewhere till he was old. They kept him
in a dark place, like a cheese until he had the
full Tellson flavor and blue-mould upon him.
Then only was he permitted to be seen, spectacularly poring over large books, and casting his
breeches rand gaiters into the general weight of
the establishment."
The ripe-cheese aspect of the Tellson book' keeper it+,of course, sufficiently in contrast with
the PZ*~
snappy, flashy, peppy office clerk.
Change, & age, no doubt, has writ heavy on
this sczcdl. But Dickens gave us no light upon
the soul beneath the heavy exterior of Tellson's
creatures. W e have to turn to another bookkeeper ia Pickensland, to see, touch,, and taste
of & &&I
spirit of the office-worker, the
UZI-~
and undying soul of the bookkeeper.
T he na&e of this immortal office clerk, this epitome of the book-keeper through the ages, is
Uriah Heep,
"MG Master Copperfield?" said Uriah. "Oh,
no ! I'm a very umble person."
'It was no fancy of mine about his hands, I
observed; fox he frequently ground the palms
against each ,other, a s if to squeeze them dry and
warm, besides of%= wiping them, in a stealthy
way, on his p ocketbdkerchief.'
"I am well a w e ;&at I am the umblest person
going: said Ud& R eep modestly ; "let the other
be where he m y . My mother is likewise a very
umble per~o6. W e live in an umble abode,
Ma@ G ~~iperfidd, have much to be thankbut
ful fm. U father's former calling was umble.
y
He wqs a m&on.'*
At I ~ w are on solid ground ! @re i s somee
thing ~&&ke, mchanging like the rock of ages.
Uriah Bhzp is not dead; he is immortal. H e
can be mesa in any city, in almost any office, still
urnble, & @- Phankful. Sometimes, indeed, he
takes t b j b m a ~ f the other sex, and is called
o
Pollyam% B e i s ever present and everlasting.
He is & &
' a worker.
Far l &,~&.fsa writer to slander those unthe
f ortunam w h m e condemned to spend their lives
f
in an oi3i&g K m ~ d spetlt many, the best, years
manhood there. H e knew
of you& W yomany .
i n fhe same unholy calling who,
in&
were strangers there, seeking allike hr&ways f w a way Gut tanything. He speaks
not of t h awklmtal o&e worker, the one who,
~
f
from for& J ~ircumstance, inds himself trapped
there for a time- No, l ~ speaks 6f the type, the
e
natural o fke qorker, the one who, from choice
'
I7
THE LABOR HERALD
and fitness, finds a career in this unblest sphere.
.
Such a person is Uriah Heep, immortal.
-
Even Uriah H e w Chansres Todav
Immortal, we said. But such a term is not
strictly true. The revolution in the office has
been working its alchemy. In spite of Uriah,
and in spite of Uriah's boss (who is another
story, deserving separate treatment), the m chine
is marching forward with iron feet: slowly but
surely its transforming power enters, and the
radium of its energy plays upon the soul of Uriah
Hkep, the office clerk. Under this influence,
Uriah is gradually but certainly being remade.
He is b ecomin~ real human beinc. a role tara
"
,
ian. T his is hzw it is beina done:
T he change in the office which has wrought
the greatest transformation in the worker, has
been higher organization and greater numbers.
The old bookkeeper was almost a self-sufficient
working unit. This is no longer so. The modern
worker is a cog in the office machine. The office
cannot run until each man is a t his place, for
one depends from moment to moment upon the
other. The division of labor in a modern office
rivals that in a Ford auto factory. Every hour
of work impresses upon the young man today,
that he amounts to little at all except as part of
the great machine. Together with this, goes the
growth h numbers. The general office man,
handling the entire accounting process and general corresponce, is of little account. His numbers are small, and his influence is smaller. No
one pays any attention to him. T he field is dominated by highly organized, minutely divided,
officesof trustified industry, gathering from tens
to hundreds under the same roof in the same
integral organization.
With this new condition, office workers play
a more and more important e conodc role. The
office has become a nerve center, regulating $he
every action of the industrial machinery from
moment to moment. Always a strategic point,
it now becomes as vital to business as the solar
plexus is to the body. The entire reflex action,
the normal physiological processes of the body
of industry, are stimulated and regulated by the
office. More than any other phase of the industrial process, the office is vital. Cut off the office
and the industry withers and dies. A general
strike of office workers would create more consternation in a day than a strike of the miners
for three months.
Under these modern conditions of the machinemade office, the office worker has became a proletarian, so far as social position and interests are
concerned. But his soul, the soul of Uriah Heep,
has stubbornly resisted the forces of change, and
only in this generation can we see the beginnings
A
w
�THE LABOR HERALD-
July, 1923
of a change therein. A working-class understanding and spirit, is gradually being created
by the continuous and steady play of these modern conditions upon the humble office worker of
tradition.
revolutionary in Germany. Throughout Europe
they are joining the vanguard of the workers.
The primeval slime of the Uriah Heeps is beginning to stir with t he spark of life of workingclass consciousness, weak as yet but gaining
s trength with every passing hour. Between the
The Dawn Of Social Revolution
office clerk of the time of Dickens, and the same
If asked to name the most revolutionarv Dor- person today, there is all the difference between
t ent in social life today, the writer would point the a m e b a a nd the pithecanthropous, o r apeto the fact that office workers are beginning to man. And such a marvelous evolution, in such
a short time, gives us the definite assurance that
organize into unions-into labor unions affiliated this spiritual "hairy apeJ' of the modern office
to the hod carriers, the garment workers, the worker is assuredly going to continue his progprinters, and the whole world of labor. The be- ress. H e is going to go onward and upward,
ginning is pitifully small in America, it is true, proceeding firmly up the ladder of evolution,
but progress is surely being made. Out of the until he blossoms forth as a real human being,
couple of million or so of commercial office a proletarian, a union man with a solid organizaworkers, there are at least 5,000 to 8,000 organ- tion of his own.
ized, and tens of thousands of railway clerks
All hail this budding marvel of progress ! Nlaare united in the same union with the freight t ure is grand indeed! O n that fair day when
handlers. Who can overestimate the vast chasm we welcome the class-conscious, revolutionary
bridged, the t rewndous leap in social evolution, International Union of Office Workers, affiliated
that is witnessed in this fact. I n Europe prog- to the R ed'Trade Union International, voting for
ress is even more rapid. Great unions of office a general strike of all capitalist industry and the
workers exist in Germany, Czhecho-Slovakia, setting up of the Workers' Republic, then we
Italy, England, and other countries. The Berlin will say, "The task is done. Old Mother Nature,
office workers organization is one of the most You can do no more."
<
A
THE MACHINIST GRAND LODGE
Lawrence, Mass. . . . . 172
ELECTION
Laconia, N. Hl. .. . . . 1326
HE final vote in the late Machinist Union Haverhill, Mass. . . .. 1208
T
election was :
W M. H. J OKNSON. . . .. 41,837
W M. ROSS KNUDSON..14,598
T his was the first attempt in any A. F. of L.
union to test the real revolutionary strength.
Knudsen solicited and received only the votes
of those standing on the class struggle, unconditional surrender of Capitalism arid Affiliation
with the Red Trades Union International.
K nudsenJs vote was 26% of the total and as
the total vote was about one third of the m a bership it is safe to say that 45,000 members in
the I. A. of M. stand with K nudsen.and his
ideas.
In fact the strength is even greater if one
analyzes the election. The total vote cast in the
progressive lodges was zbout 15% t o zo% of
the local membership while in the conservative
locals (for some well founded reasons) the vote
was from 75% to 100% of the membership. I n
fact 23 lodges voted from 150% t o 260% over
their membership a nd this being too raw their
vote was thrown out. To give an illustration :
Lodge No. members Ballots
Findlay, Ohio . . . . . . I393
4
104
Woburn, Mass . . . . . 1243
3
61
Jamestown, N . Y.. . 566
12
97
I6
64
I53
38
Cincinnati, Ohio. . . . 1042
168
H artford, Conn. . . . . 606
50
Lowell, Mass.. . . . . . 745
81
S tamford, Conn. . .. . I054
81
Philadelphia, P a . . . . 816
55
67
Indianapolis, Ind. . . . gro
140
I55
Schenectady, N. Y . .. 646
215
277
Lowell, Mass.. . . . . . 138
284
454
O thers could be given but they must be saved
for evidence. Knudsen, of course received' no
vote in these lodges and someone's hard work
went for nothing.
In fact, jokingly, after the election many were
bragging about their sore wrists due to an over
exertion in marking ballots. What many are
asking a nd which seems a puzzle, is how did the
lodges with small membership get so many ballots? And furthermore how are those tJxit did
cast their vote in regular form in these thrown
out lodges going to have their votes recorded?
But tomorrow belongs to those that really represent the histhric rising class and with their
rise all these mishaps of today will disappear.
Tomorrow belongs to the real progressives and
such action as took place in the recent Machinist
Union election will only cause real men to work
that much harder for a real Labor Movenient.
.
27
27
29
35
46
69
I
*
July, 1922
T H E LABOR HERALD
19
A Labor Program That Means Something
4
B y Hulet M. Wells
Representative o f the Seattle Central Labor Council to the Red Trade Union International.
O R American trade unionists to correctly ap- less to counteract. The end of the war brought
praise the work of the Red Trade Union unemployment in some countries where there had
International in its first World Congress at been a great destruction of capital goods, but-in
Moscow, it is necessary to remember that the the United States it prevails for quite a different
atmosphere in which we met was quite different reason, labor being so productive that, at the
from here. I n our country we are immersed in scale of living permitted to the working class,
the humdrum details of our daily struggle, until the product of full time labor can not be conthe greater struggles of the whole human family isumed.
T he greatest prosperity that our workers ever
toward a larger, freer life is oftentimes obscured.
In Russia the goal of a great struggle has been enjoyed was during the period of our greatest
reached; the working class has accomplished waste. Unemployment is a disease inherent in
the capitalist system, and it can only be dealt
that which the faint-hearted say is impossiblethey have t k o w n off the chains of class oppres- with by a labor movement that is not afraid to
sion within Russia, and their destiny is in their attack the svstem itself.
There can be no sane consideration of the
own hands.
We found, tempering the exultation of victory, unemployment evil until we lay bare its root and
the agony of the Russian workers, endurind with discover it to be the fact that all production is
fortitude all the sufferings that the hate of the carried on solely for the purpose of &aking profit,
capitalist world could inflict. Many of the dele- and with no responsibfiity on the part of the
gates were from other coutries where the condi- profit takers for the lives of those that create the
tions were ripening for revolution. No one knew wealth. Heckert, of Germany touched this point
what the day might bring. Seeming miracles oc- when he said, "From the moment when the capicurred, like the veiled women of the East, who talist ceases to extract profits and begins to incame bearing International greetings. There were cur losses, he loses all interest in production.
crowds, cheers, and banners, and wreaths laid on W e are witnessing it in France, where a big
graves. And over all there loomed a new terror French statesman a n d manufacturer was asked
why he had put out his blast furnaces and thrown
-the black shadow of famine.
An emotional setting was created by all these thousands of workmen into the streets. H e anthings, which, I realize the reader cannot feel. I t swered: "I produce only while production is
was a memorable experience for those who lived profitable, otherwise I a m unable to produce any
it, but here in America it is hard to realize, be- more.' "
I n its manifesto on world conditions the Concause there is nothing like it in our life. What
can be understood is, that we must look beneath gress drew the following picture of the economic
the colorful environment and revolutionary situation in America :
"A very similar picture we find in the U. S. A.
phraseology to get at the real work of the ConFive million unemployed. War profits have
gress.
ceased. Factory after factory is being shut
Unemployment
Some of the subject matter and considerable down. The workers in large masses now find
06 t he discussion has no application to the pres- themselves thrown out in the street. They may
ent status of the labor movement here, and it go now; they are not wanted any longer. The
would sound startling and confusing to many trunks are packed. 'Democracy' is celebrating
because it concerns only people who are engaged its victory, and is beginning to introduce the
in the actual, revolutionary transition from one "open shop," simply employing unorganized
state of society to another. But the main work labor. What are they doing who were supposed
of the Congress embodies a sound, adequate, to give warning of this misery inflicted on the
coherent, practical program which the trade union working class? The leaders of the trade unions
movement of America must understand and do nothing. They consider it inevitable like the
adopt, if it is going to find itself and continue ocean tide, and, like obedient serfs they kiss the
to serve t 6e working people of this country.
hands of their masters."
Workers' Control
Unemployment is the weakest spot in the capiW hat. then is to be done? This is considered
talist system. I t is a great, growing canker that
the old methods of trades unionism are power- in the tactics outlined under the heading of
F
�THE LABOR HERALD
a0
"Workers" Control." But the first thing of all
things to be done-the essential prerequisite to
the success of any tactic-is to begin t o act like
men, like men who have a small degree, at least,
of courage and intelligence. And here I wish
to quote again the apt words of the Congress:
"If the capitalist class dares to be aggressive
at t he present time and throw m b s of workers upon the streets, it is because the working
class feels itself inferior, and imagines t hat the
gigantic capitalistic machinery is simply unconquerable. You continue to look up to the capitalist class. Mariy of you consider the established
division of labor quite natural-the' rule of one
class and the subjection of another. Arise from
your knees, and the capitalist class will not appear so strong to you as before."
The subject of Workers' Control was reported
to the Congress by Tziperovich of Russia, but
the idea ran thru every subject osl t he agenda,
d
and may be said to be the k eyn~te the Congress. Especially is it related &Q &e subject of
unemployment. Heclrert, in his discussion of
factories and workshops said, "Comsade Zipero v i h and myself have put great stress
the
importance of the present unemploymezlt in the
working class movement. I t is important for
us to utilize these forces."
The following are a few extracts fxom the
report of Ziperovich, adopted by the Congress:
"There is no necessity for me to dw&? upon
the details of the crjsis which all c a p i t a v m untries are now living thru. T he crisis b 84f ost
m
characteristic expression of the fact t hzt the
capitalist class is unable to master the chaos in
production, which it itself established as an orThere developed
ganizer of production . .
a crying contrast between the misery and despair
of t he eapiof the working class and t be 1-q
talist class. This gave birth to a new thought
which suggested to the working masses that t he
capitalist regime is a regime of d e s t m i o n and
wholesale ruin, and that it is necessary t o create
some new f c ~ m sof mutual relations between
labor and capital-forms which w odd do away
once and for all with the existing sy.stem of oppression-and the idea of workers' control has
rapidly developed."
Now, it may be that you .Sinkthat these words
have reference to some time in the remote future,
and that it is merely a repetition of the usual
demand for social revolution couched in t he formula of political socialism. Not a t all. I am
proposing and the International is proposing, a
practical plan of action for the trade unions
now, a plan to cope with unemployment, lock-
.
July,
1922
outs, jurisdictional disputes, and t he breakdown
of your or&nization due to the struggle for jobs,
It is not expected t hat in the present time in
America we should mount any barricades or forcibly seize .any factories. The first revolutionary
step must be taken is to.strike f or the right t o
work.
Wlhat i s the situation in which we are placed
in America at the present time? . The richest
natural resources in the world, the most highly
developed machinery for production, and millions
of people in destitution because they are shut off
from the opportunity to work. We have also
the most powerful and arrogant capitaIist class
in the world, and a labor movement weak and
inefficient because it does not know how to meet
the situation. The leaders of the Red Trade
Union International are telling you how to meet
it. I commend you the words of Tom Mann:
" Eveg industry should carry its full complement of workers, and carry them constantly. If,
as is sure to be the case, 'there are fluctuations
in the amount of work to be done, such fluctuations must not be met by discharging a percentage of the workers, thus depriving them of the
means pf sustenance and precipitating their
families into social distress. Such fluctuations
must be met by the adjustment of working hours
over as much of the industry as may be desirable ;
if need be, of course, over the whole industrial
field."
Unemployment insurance, he says, is ' biserably inadequate, the full wage is what m t be
s
demanded, and it will be obtained, or a hlish the
wages system." And here is his primary c4emand
which, in my opinion, ought to be written into
the strike demands of every important industry,
'Accept responsibility for all uaem&!~ymenb
in the i nd~stry, d undertake to
m
'~ke'sg
hours so t b t virtually there shall ba m www
a
ployment; and f or ad1 men to receive @ages for
every-week i n the yew."
That is what the miners, the building t%%desmen,
the printers and all the rest of u s oag& t o agitate, organize and strike for, wages tor the h e
being a secondary matter. The h t .
@EP in
workers' control is contra1 of the pi& & work.
I
The. employing class will, of course, &wort t o
any artifice in order to save their p-.
But
capitalistic profits are not as sacred3 &e right
of men t o work. Industries that c mpot meet
that obligation should be taken over br society
a s bankrupt institutions. The o m e s dhould re- ,
eeive no compensation until the c h h ~f the
o
creditors are adjusted; in other wad no more
than the capitalization of 'whatever h o m e may
remain, at prevailing prices for p rohcts, after
July,
1922
THE LABOR HERALD
A LL the workers are paid union wages for full
time.
Industrial and Dual Unions
T he report on workers' control closed with the
following reference to industrial unionism :
"Workers' Cpntrol may also be made use of as
an argument for the speedier reconstruction of
the unions upon an industrial basis, instead of
by profession or trade. Workers' control can
be systematically carried out only when all the
workmen within a definite concern are united in
one bady."
Indus@ial unionism will also end the absurd
jurisdictimal disputes that disgrace our. movement. . Primarily, of course, such quarrels as
those hetween the carpenters and sheet metal
workers and. between the steam engineers and
electrical workers have their root in unemployment. It is one more evidence of the struggle
for a chance to work.
The importance of building strong industrial
unions to conform t o the powerful combinations
~f capital in modern industry, has long been emphasized by the radical wing of American labor ;
but for twenty-seven years a most peculiar policy
h is been advocated, that we should completely
destrtoy our unions, into which we have with such
effort o rgarbed some .millions of workers, and
start to build again from the beginning.
Nearly all the Russian leaders, Lenin, Buch-
.21
arin, Zinoviev, Radek, and many others have
expressed their amazement at such childish tactics as those advocated by the I: W. W.. Tomsky, the former president of the Russian &ions
has said, "The exit in itself is in its essence
equivalent to flight from the field of battle,
dictated by cowardice in the face of the complexities and difliculties of the struggle."
Secretary Lozovsky, speaking at the Congress,
said, "We want to clean house, not to pour
kerosene over it and set it afire." Writing on
the aims of the International he says: "To leave
the unions and set tip small independent unions
is an evidence of weakness ;i t is a policy of despair and, more than that, it shows lack of faith
in the working class."
T he four points covered here are closely related, and form an immediate trades union program so essentitl that I beg to remind you of
them once more by summarizing them in four
short sentences :
I. T he trade union movement is becoming im. potent under the curse of unemployment.
2 A progressive assumption of Workers' Con.
trol is the only remedy.
3. Successful assertion of Workers' Control requires industrial unions.
4. Those who believe in this program must stay
within the existing unions to accomplish it.
W e Demanded Bread But Got a Stone
T
HE p r o g r q of the Trade Union Educa- ing its substance, which can be achieved only at
tional Leagtlc h ~'been getting a startlingly the expense of craft autonomy, will not solve thq
s
strong hold in the unions, in the last few
months. Gompers and his Crown Prince Woll,
c a n n ~ t e blamed for being worried somewhat.
b
Their m p *
of calumny which was reported
~
c
in the last t m issues of THELABORR A L Dontinues unabztkxl. But even their stupidity is not
so complete that they cannot see its failure.
Gradaally t h w a re being forced to answer the
demands for 'more solidarity. The rank and file
are demanding the bread of amalgamation ;
Gompers, Woll & Co. offer them the stone of
federation.
"Efforts of the A. F. of L. f or the future will
be to strengthen labor alliances and form a closer
co-ordimtion of kindred trade ' groups," says
Woll in a copyrighted article for the Cosmopolitan News Service. He adds; "The sentiment
,of this c onveeiag of the A. F of L. is most em.
phatically 6 pased t o amalgamation and the doctrines pre~elaedby Foster and other groups."
Such l i~-serviceo labor solidarity while denyt
problems of the labor movement. Gompers and
Co. are in the position of answering, not the
questions of THELABOR ERALD, ut the quesH
b
tions which history presents and which are repeated in threatening tones by masses of the
workers. Sophistry will not help them.
How can the unions get more power? That is
the question before the movement. Our troubles
arise from our weakness. We must have strength.
Gompers says we will get it by being good little
boys, and not offending the Chicago Tribune;
THELABOR HEBALD the Trade Union Eduand
cational League say that we will get it by uniting
all our scattered forces into one union for each
industry, and bringing all these industrial unions
together like regiments in an army. The forces
of capitalism are crushing the workers into a
realization of the absolute necessity of this amalgamation. Nothing can take the place of pow-
3J
@,in
P;
�22
THE LABOR HERALD
e r, not even the sophistical arguments of Gompers or Woll.
The fire which has been built under the reactionary officials is causing further frantic gymnastics in their propaganda. A few weeks a go,
THE ABOR ERALD said to be in league with
L
H
was
Lenine and the Soviets; then it was solemnly
insinuated that the employers were financing it.
And now, to keep up the entertainment, the
Crown Prince brings in a variation. H e says:
"It is a recognized fact that Foster is a member
of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union
of America and apparently is being financed by
that body in his campaign of "boring from within" for no other reason than the self-aggrandizement of Sidney Hillman."
Aside from the fact that Foster is NOT a
member of that organization, that the League is
NOT being financed by that or any other body,
but by the individual rank and filers, and that the
modest Sidney Hillman, although president of
one of the most progressixe organizations on the
continent, is NOT receiving aggrandizement
from its work-aside from these falsehoods, the
statement may be correct.
I t is the natural instinct of the reactionary to
thus blindly attack all signs of progress. Woll
lumps t he League, the Amalgamamted Clothing
Workers, the Soviet Government, the Federated
Press, and every other achievement of &e milit ant workers, into one general menace te himself
and his kind, the f lunkvs of cagitali*,
A,nd
in t his he is no doubt correct-but he rpakes a
fundamental mistake when he i d e n a s t he interests of reactionary officialdom with t hai of t he
rank and file of labor. The rank and filers know
better, anyway. T his i s illustrated by a letter
written by Local Union No. gg, of the Molders,
to the Editor of their International Tournal:
A Word From the Rmk and File
"Local 59, 1. M . U. of N. A., having read the
article by Matthew Woll, in the J o ~ r d entitled
,
'Foster Scheme for Rulership' etc., desires to enter a protest against such an unwarranted and
scurvy attack on the amalgamati& movement by
resorting to lies and v<lification against its chief
spokesman."
"We have endorsed the movement f or amalgamatio in t his country, because we have learned
by bitter experience that the old craft method of
warfare against the modern industrial capitalist
is antiquated."
"In his entire article, Matthew Woll makes no
attempt to answer the arguments of k l g a m a tion advocates; but instead resorts to personalities, which have nothing to do with the subject.
We might accuse Woll, in like manner, of being
July,
1922
governed by ulterior motives in this matter. Wtf:
might accuse him of belonging to that detestable
sect known as "Swivel Chair Artists" who are
so numerous in the American labor movement
today, and who tremble with rage because they
know their pie-cards will be no more when the
workers amalgamate. W e might accuse him of
being in league with big business to keep the
workers divided. Of course we don't accuse him
of these things personally-but those are the very
tactics he uses against the amalgamation movement adherents."
"Now we are of the rank and file of the labor
movement a nd we know that the workers want
amalgamation : i t is peculiar that the International officers of all the unions, almost without exception, are oposed to it. They have never yet
given any logical reason as to why they are
against it, while the Trade Union Educational
League gives a long array of facts and reasoning
as to why it should be done. THE LABOR
.HEBALD,
of which Woll speaks in such venomous
language, expresses the spirit of the workersthis we know-that is why it is so popular."
This letter is signed by the president and corresponding secretary of Local 59, Chas Blome
and Louis Schneider, respectively. It is a good
example of the spirit .5vhich is raging throughout
the labor movement, and which is responsible for
the rage, fear, and desperation, with which these
powerful officials are throwing their entire resources inta battle with the little baby organization, the Trade Union Educational League, which
has only been able for a little over four months
to even publish its magazine.
Keel,
the Reactionaries
Hopping
I f any assurance were needed that the program
of the T rade Union Educational League offers
hope of t he future, that assurance has been given
in t he strongest possible way by all thme attacks.
When the bankrupt leadership of the American
labor movement, in a period of retreat and demoralization, go before their C o n ~ m t i o nwith
no constructive proposals of any kind whatever,
and consider it necessary to spend their time and
energy in denouncing a little educational organization, it is because they know their o wn bankruptcy and know who is hitting close to home in
attacking them. And we can give assurance to
Messrs Gompers and 'his Crown Princeg t hat the
fire which make's them so uncomfortable will continue to bum. The demand f or amalgamation,
for industrial unionism, for militant policies, and
for the Workers' Republic, will continule to grow
until it overwhelms them and their kind, takes
control of the labor movement, and begins the
workers' forward march to all power.
T H E LABOR HERALD
How I Became a Rebel
A Symposium. Part 2
Editors' note;-A fundamental part o f the Xenera1 revolutionary pro.eram i s to make rebels;
to develop m en and w omen w ho have definite2y
broken w ith capitalism and w ho are looking forw ard t o the establishment of a Workers' S ociety.
But how can such r ebek be w d e ? T o throw
some Iiglzt on t h k a ll-im@rtmt query, T EE
LABOR ERALDa asked prominent figures i n
H
h
d l branches of the. r d i c d m ovement, t o e xpjaia
b riefly just how, why, and under w hat circumstances, they became convinced that capitalism
hod t o be
' way w ~ Thk inrtallnrent
.
completes the S y n p o s i u a
I saw an old man weeping as he was put in the
little town lock-up at Adams, Mass., for vagrancy.
W hat a torment of questions stirred my mind
t hen! Nor will I ever forget my childish horror
when a girl's hair was torn off by the belting in
a mill across the street from our school and the
mill stopped for only a few m,inutes. Imperceptibly my t hought processes began to question
p overty which was obviously the explanatioll of
these tragedies-
My f ather had worked his way througll college, studying civil engineering. B ut he had
been burdened by his mother's large family and
had commenced i ate. a real h andica~i n comDetition with younger'men. The r eskt was that
B y Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
although he is exceptionally talented, it was not
f I S difficult to say how, when or where our easy to secure continuous employment and the
rebellious spirits were born ! Possibly we are actual pinch of poverty was brought home to us
but fortunate inheritors of a rich legacy. more than once. This visualized the problem
Undoubtedly countless generations of wild Irish as no amount of abstract reading could have done.
ancestors who fought and fled into the hills and
So I was in a receptive state of mind for
died for Irish freedom, contributed much to mine. radical thought when I joined a school debating
One great grandfather lay all night in the ditch society. W e grappled with the problem of capinear his little house,
tal and labor, ,woman suffrage, the trusts, etc.
watching for a light in
During the big anthracite strike of 1902 one of
the window which meant
our favorite topics was "Shall the Nation Own
his wife came safely
the Coal Mines?" A strike of the elevated roads
through childbirth. Anin N. Y. brought the questions of municipal
other went to join the
ownership of transit systems before us. I began
French when they landed
to see that message of hope, that comes to all
at Calala Bay and never
of us, "Socialization of industry."
returned. My grandfather came to Maine to
I heard Tom Lewis at a Socialist street meetescape' hanging.
But
ing, and many other excellent speakers at the
life in t he land of the
old Harlem Socialist Club. Sometimes when I
free was not easy in
g et low-spirited about the value of speeches, I
recall how inspired and thrilled I was by them.
They were foreigners to the Yankees and had Finally I thought I too could speak. I was not
to fight their way to economic and political yet sixteen and I chose the ambitious topic
equality. It is strange that the same historical "Woman and Socialism." While I still am inbackground has not produced more rebels of tensely interested in how to reach women, I fear
Irish blood in this country ! Many of the second I know far less today than I did then. I went
a nd third generation are policemen and poli- into the East Side. I m et the garment workers,
ticians, causing a race that should symbolize then in the throes of great struggles and learned
freedom to be hated and feared as tools of tyran- of the idealism and fighting spirit of the Russians
ny. But America seems to have a similar dis- and Jews. I plunged into street speaking and
integrating effect on the second generation of loved it intensely.
I was "converting the
other races, as well.
masses!" H bw t he fresh idealism and enthusSympathy plays a large part in molding the iasm of youth carries us along. But it is a
child mind. I remember little episodes which stream that refreshes and revivifies our moveleft indelible impressions. A woman who had ment. Intolerant and uncompromising, it is relost all the fingers of one hand in an unguarded buffed a nd chilled, by older "practical" people!
machine went by our house daily. I could not The creation of a sympathetic understanding and
understandl why this poor woman must still work. appreciation of those who must tread this stormy
I
�24
i
THE LABOR HERALD
fight an evil or defend the under dog.
This may answer the question as to how I became a rebel or perhaps I should say why Mother's four sons turned rebels before any of them
turned twenty-one.
I t was not from what I read, because I was
active in radical circles long before I could read.
I t came from what I lived.
Before I was eighteen years of age, I joined
hands with the "Green-Backers," a t twenty, 1
read, "Progress and Poverty" and, became a
"Single-Taxer."
Later I joined the "Populists
Party" but, through it all remained active in the
Organized Labor Movement ; studying and reading, of course, added fuel to the fire. I n my
search for good pamphlets and books, I came
across the "Communist Manifesto." This, of
course, helped weld still more closely my inherent
rebel spirit. Twenty-four years ago, I joined
the Socialist Labor Party and, four years later,
the Socialist Party where I have remained ever
since;
So, the question as to just how I became a rebel
is still unanswered. I guess dear, little Mother
could have answered the question better than I.
B y Wm. 2 F
. oster
O R me to become a rebel was an easy, natural course. My father was an Irishman and an
ardent patriot. He was driven from Ireland
in the latter '60's, because he was implicated in
a plot to overthrow all the English garrisons in
the country. Upon its exposure he had to flee
post haste to escape jail. In later years, as his
B y James H Marrrer
.
family grew up in the
AM asked to tell how I became a s
&
This,
United States, he fed us
I fear, is not any easy question to answer.
on hatred for the oppressor Eng1md.- Tt was
I am decendant of old, c onsemtive P n en
the intellectud m at and
sylvania stock, was born in a sh.itnty d uring t he
drink of our
lives.
stormiest period of the Civil War, reared a tqng
I was raised ~ $ 4 the
very poor and superstitious people, left fgtherkss
. burning amhiti- of one
a t the age of seven. I became a news boy first and
a factory worker before d y tenth birthday. I
day taking a a ~ ~ po e
art
was a machinists' apprentice a t fifteen a d a
in the liberati@' of Iremember of the Knights of Labor at sixteen. Less
land. As I @eW older
and began to m d @ ? what
than thirteen months of my life were spent in
school. What education I did secwe, I gat, not
was going a W me 1
t
Wr. . FOsT*
'
on acocunt of the State, but in spite of it.
was q u i d to
everything was not as it should bk. Tb? F rongs
Handicapped, of course, on account of being
illiterate, yet a greater handicap was the misfor- of the workers made a ready appeal % me. It
tune of having a step-father who knew less than seemed as natural to hate capitalistic * m y in
&eland.
I did and who never tired of gloating about his' t he United States as English Tyranny i
superior wisdom. The one outstanding asset of From my earliest recollection I w& N t a n t l y
was I
my life was my dear, little mother, to whom not ' partial to striking workers. Parti*$@
impressed by the many strikes in the w r b y anone of her four sons ever spoke an angry or unn
kind word. She was lovable, gentle and yet, thracite coal fields-I was raised i PhEhdelphia.
when roused, knew no fear. She was ever ready T o myi boyish conception the coal opaa'tors were
to share her last crumb with the unfortunate, inhuman monsters, and after all, I was not far
path would save much preeious force for our
movement.
One night I was arrested on 39th St. and
Broadway, by an apolegetic policeman, bailed out
by a saloon keeper and given some fatherly advice
by the Irish magistrate on the futility of preaching Socialism to Broadway. Of course this was
a dreadful shock at high school and eventually
resulted in my enlisting actively in the labor
movement,
It must have been about this time that I heard
Debs and DeLeon speak together on "Industrial
Unionism." It was immediately after the launching of the I. W, W. and it certainly worked a
turning point for me. I really began to place
my feet on the ground and tread a definite path.
Out of the first flush of youthful emotion, I
passed into' a second stage-based on a firm
conviction which I still bold to, that the union
movement is the real and lasting labor movement. I .saw a new society built by the organized workers-not along geographical but industrial lines, Regardless of diiferences of
opinions on forms, methods, and tactics, the fact
remains that it is the movement af power, i t is
at grips with capitalism in the strategic phce, the
point of production. It speaks the worker's
language. I have no faith elsewhere than i t he
n
industrial organization of the workers, and I
have unlimited faith in the promise o.f life and
liberty it holds out for the future and the eventual
ability of the workers to put it across. S o I
remain l i e my Irish, ancestors, a rebel!
F
I
i
THE L A B 0R HERALD
July, 1922
wrong. The free silver agitation in the the '90's
a ttracted me greatly.
But I never got by bearings until one Saturday night in the summer of 1900, when I was
19 years old. Walking along South street I ran
into a Socialist soap boxer at the corner of
Broad street. H e was the first Socialist I had
ever heard speak and I listened amazed. The
whole thing was a revelation. Whatever prejudice I had been taught to have against Socialism
melted away like snow before a summer sun.
The t h i i was clear at last. My rebellious spirit
saw the broad way to its gcial. Though I said
nothing to the men conducting the meeting-I
have o f h a wondered since who they were- I
l eft a cmvinced Socialist. After that the rest
was easy. I plunged head over heels into revolutionary literature, reading everything indiscriminately a nd gradually swinging from right
to left in my conception. I was "m2de7' that
Saturday d g h t in Philadelphia. That's how I
became a rebel.
B y Robert Minor
Y A childhood of poverty I was moulded
for life membership in the working class.
When I left school at fourteen to work
i f1 a sign painter's shop my love of picture making devehped t o a fierce passion. It may seem
incredible that this had a great deal to do with
making me a rebel, but I say seriously that even
the scant, pitiful art possibilities of a sign shop
gave me an impression
of conflict between every
artistic impulse and the
ife.
needs ef c ~ m r c i all
Few aa$si&is know that
sign p n l a t i a g shops
cover m y really talented y g m g workers,
but my W eyw s w and
a
understa& ' &e conflict
b e t w e pqsg w orked
MnrOB
instinct %&r
beauty and
the need &f & I
shop to drive for money.
T he s%i@m$s of the wages of a sign painter's
a p p r e G w S & 0 ~ me from that small Temple of
e
the carpenter's trade. Here
liar pride of the craftsman.
to have a relation to art,
day that it has. My relatives g & @& a t of this and into a "nice clean"
u
ce, with a chance to work
railroad. But I couldn't
branded with a different
f f t o wander on freight
laborer. Fifteen hours a day
on a farm, ,&6fty cents a day, soon gave me my
B
7
25
fill of agriculture; and I drifted into easier jobs
at ten hours a day with pick and shovel. This
was the serious beginning of the opening of my
eyes. One day an old mule-freight teamster
caught up with me on a lonely Texas road and
told me I could ride if I was a working man. On
the wagon he gave me a long tirade on the
wrongs of the working people and the need of
the working class to stick together and make a
revolution. H6s words sunk into my memory
to stay.
At camp fires in railroad construction camps
and on the freight trains and in the "jungles,"
the conversation of wandering laborers from all
quarters of the earth gave me my "cosmopolitan
culture." Here I learned the indescribable beauty
of that spiritual fraternity of cummwlism which
was poured a few years later into the songs and
the deeds of the old-time I. W. W. And I
learned the dreadful curse of God upon a scab.
When I returned to my native town to work
at the carpenter trade and joined the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, my
rather crude working class loyalty got a slightly
more definite form. Two members of the Union
puzzled me by endlessly talking Socialism; of
t heir hifalutin words I couldn't remember a thing
except the constant repetition, "Carrol D. W right
to the contrary notwithstanding." But I learned
more definitely what a scab is. The order came
for all hands to make a stand for the Union
scale of wages, which was not being paid. I
was the only Union mkmber on my building job,
and I walked out on strike alone. I never got
another job at the carpenter trade.
I wandered about Texas and New Mexico on
freight trains, looking for work living by handouts, learning the peculiarly bitter lesson of the
unemployed man sleeping on the open ground in
Winter.
Unable to get work at .carpentering or sign
painting, I found a job as cartoonist for a small
daily newspaper. This was my entrance to a
trade that has taught many a man what a rotten core is inside of the social system. I didn't
notice i t at first, but was for some time absorbed.
in the rapid ambitions of the newspaper life. I
got a better job on a big St. Louis newspaper.
But about this time the trial of Willim D. Haywood at Boise, Idaho, came to disturb me-to
awaken all of the old-time dreams-the call of
my class. Simultaneously I met a Russian Jew,
the first one that I had ever known. The strange
talk of this man changed my understanding of
what life is for. He filled me full of the fever
to learn and feel. At first this merely stimulated
my work and brought me some of the petty newspaper success that I had thought I wanted. Now
that it c am, I didn't want it. About 1908 I
�26
I
I
THE LABORHERALD
went into the Socialist Party. I was elected to
the City Central Committee, but drifted out of
the party as it began to change its character,
about 1912, and began to take an interest in t he
Anarchist movement.
THE LABOR HERALD
July, 1922
stuff. I came home i n t he steerage, amongst
"my kind." I had advanced a long way-I had
learned that s oldiers, a nd not unarmed people,
m ake revolutions. I t opened wide vistas of
thought.
The last underpinning of respect for the "demA t the age of 29 I g ot my first opportunity t o
ocratic" social organizatioll was knocked o ut of
study art, and went to Paris with my saved-up
wages to attend the French national axt school. me by the Mooney case. I happened to be in
To my bewilderment I found that t he ''art California and was drawn into the organization
schools" have not the slightest interest in a rt, b ut of t he Mooney defense. The Chamber of Comconcern themselves solely with teaching men t he m r c e , t he street car corporation, "respectable"
way to make money, which I already knew. T hey labor union officials, strike-breakers, p oliamen,
have exactly the same motives as t he s ign paint- petty criminals, pristitutes and " class-con~cio~s"
ers' shop in Texas. This shook m e off t he t rack petty b usimss men, eonspired t o frame up and
ih
again. I could not associate w t the f oul bour- h ang strike leaders. Helping to untangle this
geois in the art academies. I n the working class amazing conspiracy, opened up to my eyes cataneighborhoods of Paris I learned t he F rench Ian- combs of crime and filth upon which capitalist
g uage mainly by listening to agita-'
speeches, society is built, of the existence of which I
a nd with the language I absorbed a gpicil P aris could otherwise have had only a feeble dream.
I had never before known that e very Labor caw
working-class point of v iew-&&ch~-s~didappetite in a criminal court is a stage play deliberately
ism. I returned to New York wi*
a fixed i n advance by direct bribery of witnesses
for the job I h ad already crmfn&&l fm,
and, usually, of the jury. The staggering com- '
cartoonist on the New York World.
pleteness of it is almost incredible to me even
t he first
ieghpl$
in now, a s i t will be incredible to t he reader. It
my new job were to begin a serkS of @*ens
like standing on a mountain while &e mists
to
f or blow away, revealing in t he valley the terrific
which were to be a
a bomb
( July 4, '9143
battle of t he
; t he thundering sounds of
*aS
ander Berkman and Emma
life a re shown to be artillery, a nd t he dimly swirla ffair with which they had n othing % &, b ut kg s aouettes become men in t he grapple of
which the "World" wanted t o h $ a n E I &em ~death.
~
I
i n one of its well-known cireulaCim d riww F or
That is d l of "How I Became a Rebel."
refusing to participate in this, and petlwps also
for sugge?ting that I &ght pwbBdP gFotest
But &e t h e had already c&e when
8
against it, I was reduced to the rmk of @@~onist rebel" didn't mean anything l
G e m s Washtake ington was a rebel, b ut if brought &g
for the eveningedition of ae
sospace to mention this only because i b 4 ~ .umi- cieN ot
s
he would not fllIICd.l
ss, such.
n ating to show how a man is %twiny beaten Robespierre was a rebel, but he W(I*%
have
along the path to one side or the other o f &e any significance now* Emma
a
class struggle. I was allowed to make anti-my revolutionist in July, 1914, but to
't
cartoons to m y heart's content k the E W ~ Qean
m
And I discavmdt
:
.
refor about a year- Then a st ran^ * g
turned from a trip t o Russia in Igrg
fhXM*
1 of t he @ eat newspapers
''
a r ehlnjust *generally, without t akiner definite
( a c e ~ t he Hears' press) were "&d@3'
place i n the ~
~revolution, ~ g&*t mean
~
lined
'
O the war On the Eng1ishhFpa4 any more than being a Methodist
R
poticed
side. I was ordered t o begin t urning my ear- while I w as in a military prison thait
~Scers
toons to the Allied side. I quit and went over to dispUted very seriously as to whether
an
the New York
where
Anarchist o r a Bolshevik, and upon
make revolutionary cartoon3.
I was only an Anarchist they t r
m uch
L ater, I went to Europe as c arresponcht i qr a s a moderately respectable man. Thh
humiliated me, and set me to w onddib8,
a "liberal" newspaper syndicate, There I saw
a s plain as daylight the beginning of "the transSO, "Hbw I Became a Rebel" da&&'t mean
forming of the Capitalist war into civil war a ud
I
anything, and the story's no good. B ~ wberevolution"-the
event of which Lenin's little
came a s pecified kind of a rebel agajn'& o specific
group in Switzerland was the prophet. This prediction o f' course ran like a red 'thread t hrbugh thing a nd for a specific thing in a S~EE&C wayn
*
that is the only tale that means a.
all of my writings and stuck out in m y drawA nd that's a different story.
ings. The newspaper syndicate quit printing my
Packinghouse Workers' Convention
By Tom Matthews
fswd@t
'
.. .
Z
..rn
"w
Ea
*E1llg
*
1
~
i
.,
HE s truggle of the packinghouse workers
has convinced me that the unions must
be reorganized upon an industrial basis."
This is the statement of a well-known official in
the labor movement of the Middle West, at the
conclusion of the recent strike. An1 there can
be no doubt that the packinghouse strike, and the
events leading up to it, is one of the greatest
object lesons in the history of the American
Federation of Labor. The union which called
that strike, and in which the packinghouse workers were formerly organized, the Amalgamated
Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North
America, is meeting in convention on July zqtb,
a t St. Paul; it will be of interest to review some
of the problenls which that convention must
face and solve, keeping in view the lessons of
our recent struggle.
The initiative i n calling this convention , t o
take stock of ourselves and reshape our organization and policies, was taken by District Council No. 5, of Omaha immediately a fter the strike.
In its open letter, early in April, the Council
stated: "We believe t hat we should take in all
the workers in the packing industry from the
time the car is set with live stock until the finished
product is delivered to the consumer." In theory
the Butcher Workmen's Union is already organized on the plan of one union for the industry.
The charter from the A. F. of L. authorizes the
organization of "all wage earners in any way
connected with slaughtering and packing establishments." But this has not been carried out
in practice. O ne of the big tasks of t he coming
convention is to see that this is done.
Remctimq Officials and Other Evils
T he nature of the present officials of the Union
is shown in the splitting up of the solidarity of
the workers, where the possibility was present
of bringing them all into one organization. They
are reactionary. tThey have shown it in many
~
ways, and consistently try to block every progressive measure proposed by the r ank and file.
Thus in the convention of July 1920, w he~lt he
Omaha delegation tried to establish measures
which would have prev-ented t he forcing across
of the agreemient, 'which came in March, 1921
a nd tied the workers hands when the packers
were comparatively weak, these propositions
were defeated by t he machine. The high-handed
methods used in this a nd similar situations,
created much dissatisfaction and weakened the
in the membership gave a fertile
er crying evil, that of the dual
unions. Disgusted and disappainted with their
organizations' official policies, many of the rank
and file fell victims to the dual union propaganda.
This policy of running away from the fight has
injured the union. Fortunately, this is being
overcome. At the coming convention the progressive elements must fight against the remaining dual union ideas, as well as against the reactionary policies and officers.
International Solidarity
When the packinghouse workers have established a real union, with some kind of power in
the industry, they will immediately have another
problem, that of international solidarity. The
great packing trust has established itself in Australia, Canada, Brazil, Argentine, Uruguay,
Paraguay, Chile, Venezuela, New Zealand, Great
Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Denmark.
The trust is becoming more international every
day. While the undertakings in other countries
are not so extensive as those in the United States,
they are ever more important, and form a constant resource for the employers in the fights
against the union. For this basic economic reason, without considering at this time the other
compelling forces, we must decide the question
of international affiliation. T he Red Trade
Union International offers the only opportunity
for this international unity.
The packinghouse workers have shown by
word and deed that they want a leadership of
broader vision and ideals than that with which
they a re now blest Not only must we struggle
for living wages and human working conditions,
but we must also look forward to the time when a
new system of society can be brought into being;
a system of society that wil1,put an end to this
miserable struggle for bare existence-a time
when we can abolish the exploitation of man by
man, and establish the Workers' Republic.
FRANCE
IERRE D UMAS, once very well known as a n
Anarchist, has become a royalist. H e is now affiliated to the group supporting the notorious journal,
L'Action Francaise.
P
BuEalo, June 8, 1922
"A splendid meeting took place here last Sunday and
reports of actual accomplishments were given. A ll
disaffected local Carpenters Unions w ill be brought
back to the Central Trades and Labor Council, Local
374 reporting as the first to have taken this step. Will
have lots more to report when all our members get
busy."
Fraternally, F. H. S.
��THE LABOR HERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
had to be suddenly c ut off because there were n o funds
t o pay railroad fare and wages of investigators. T he
Sacco-Veflzetti Defense Committee, Box 3 , Hanover
7
St. Station, Boston, Mass., is in need of maney. Readers of THE LABOR ERALD a re urged t o r e p a s t their
H
unions to donate to this fund.
T he Mooney-Billings Case is facing a d iEermt s ort
of crisis, but one requiring action by the m i a n s also.
A s stated in this column last month, Gewemor Stephens
i s refusing to act on the question of a p wdon on t he
grounds that "Labor is not i n t e r e s t e d . ' X e Chicago
Federation of Labor, and many other b&es of t he
labor movement, have sent t eleaams d e m d w
action
f r o m Stephens. But the respor& has a& J
&
been
g reat enough. Telegram and letters
be poured
in to Governor Stephens, State &pt&$, Sxcramento,
California, demanding an imme&ste ah$ w d i t i o n a l
meat.
of the members of the f.
against militant union men.
a fter it came Sacco-Vanze
W.
possible t o say as we go to press whether t he Progressive or conservative candidate is elected, although the
Progressive, Trotter, is a couple of hundred votes in
the lead. The vote for President was
McParland, progressive . .............. 28,640
Barrett, conservative ................. 24,908
I
POLAND
N t he International Press Correspondence A. Macie-
jewski gives facts and figures about the Polish trade
union movement. The organizations are badly split
along national, racial, a nd religious lines. The principal o n e , with the amount of their a mberships, a re
a s follows: C eIltrd Commission m chss Unions
f
(Socialist) 4 2 0 0 Jewish Trade Unions go,oaa, P olish
0,0,
National Trade Unions (Patriotic) 6m,mo, @d Christion Unions (Catholic) SQ,W. T he indtds*J
f orm
of organiz.atioq quite generally prevails among the variCorn- ous groups. The Sqcialist unions are a miated t o the
future Amsterdam trade union International.
The C oqrmup~is~re very active in khe t rade union
a
moveae'r& g&tul&i-ly & e Socialist sectiari o i it. They
h
a
*
have s&at&fl ' hdjprity in a number o organizations,
i ncltlag &6 bidl&g T rades, Leather Workers, Wood
Wo~&er&I&
@
%per Workers. They also have large
o r@&~d m borities in the Metal Workers, Factory
Wbpl&a,' Food W orkers, Railroad Workers, Tobacco
W&rkps, e c I n addition t h e j have won control of
t.
&e G eriMl Labor Councils in the important industrial
cenfers rrf Warsaw, Bialystok, Posen, Kalisz, etc. A
bitter sittvggle ,for control is g o i n a on between then?
a nd k g n dormist Socialists. The latter have expelled
h?
hundreds of Communists from the asks. This
b rought t h e Communists t o .the p oint wherk &ey h a d
ta d ecide iI t hey should u ndertyke to o w n h e a n e w
' labof m ovmmt.
T hey voted to stay and w e within
and t he oId unions, no matter how di%eu& &e %&. T hey
t o a r e e r g a n i d n g t h e expelled tm:~bms &to weparate
tamions, pending the time w b &
ay will a a ble t o
h
&
o
force their readmittance by t w%@ r m k h h
THE INTERNATIONAL
GERMANY
T
H E C b h t t e e of Nine, consisting of three members
each from t he Second "Two and a half" and Third
1 nternat;imds a nd commissioned to lay the foundations
for a united f ront of the world's ~ roletariat,has broken
up a nd & ~ b m d e d . Inability t o unite upon a common
program
"the cause. It proved impossible, even
- me
pressure of the bitter reaction, t o
under
u nite &B &&&~~tionary Communists with the reformist
Socia&&,
b i s now apparently a struggle to the finish
between l!&p f or mastery of Labor's forces.
i
zo%, a re women. The unions with the largest percentage of women workers are as follows:
T extile Workers . .................. 430.350
Factory Workers . .................. 187,412
Metal Workers . .................... 173,914
F arm Workers . .................... 170,043
Tobacco W orkers . ................. 101,292
Clothing Trades . ...................
75,143
Book Binders . ......................
62,379
T ransport Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58,490
Municipal & State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53,383
In many of the organizations the women' members
are in the majority. In the Textile Workers they
number 430,350 a s against 226,499 men, in the Clothing
Workers 75.143 to 49,233 men, in the Book Binders
62,379 to 25,016, etc. The General Federation of German Trade Unions will hold its 11th convention in
Leipsig, beginning June 19th.
w
RUSSIA
[ THIN the past two months three important new
affiliations have joined the Red Trade Union International. The first was the Norwegian Trade Union
Federation, with 223,588 members. At the Congress
of the International Federation of Trade Unions (Amsterdam) held in Rome recently, Ole Lian, General
Secretary of the Norwegian movement announced his
organization's withdra'wal from that body. The Workers' Federation of Chili has also joined the Red Trade
Union International. This movement is, next to that
of Argentine, the strongest organization in S outh
America. The third new affiliation was the Sailors'
Union of Germany. This organization is independent
of the German Transport Workers' Union and it contains the bulk of German seamen. Formerly it had a
strong Syndicalist tendency, but this has now about
disappeared. I n Great Britain sentiment develops
rapidly in favor of the Red Trade Union International.
At a conference organized by the British Bureau early
in April, 270 delegates were present from all over the
country.
B OqK NOTES
f
ITALY
HE International Federation of Trade Unions, Am-
T
"9 &m n early 83 y ears of age.
blac%dked
by t he .oorporations, a nd
has k i m a r i s o x n e and a agir Yo
t e q r i s e d brave battle exposing the
of ~ u & & + c o m ~ n a ~ & y supreme a d m i ~ t & d .I
m
i
am d pou. I
&
sigaing arder. f 6r q: e
m
*
Em
LAFa
E.
-"
This
&om a I&$< & st rs&ved s h m v ~ he
t
spleadid sg@it i l c h i m d h g '& eriC.6ess'og TEB bip~
i
H_=n
and t-he Leame. You young EQ* b aveiybti
a s much e nkhushsm w thiri comrade of 83 pars? ='
.....................
Bars and Shadows,'by R dph
1,977,090
., ................
677,465
h hoduetion by Scott Nearing.
...................
..................
477,262
450,032
..................
104,750
7 members, 1,618,296, o r over
F
s terdam) held its third convention in Rome, April
20-26. Over IOO delegates from 20 countries, representing approximately 22,ooo,ooo workers, were in attendance. The principle subjects dealt with and the
action taken thereon are as follows: ( I ) Genoa conference-this ,was condemned as a capitalistic scheme
and demands were made upon it to unconditionally
admit Russia to the comity of nations and to grant
credits to all exhausted countries from an international
loan to be floated. The only proposition submitted to
the conference that was endorsed was the Russian demand for disarmament. (2) Means of combating future
wars- a referendum was ordered among the 3,500,000
metal workers of the world to declare a strike in case
of war. (3) How to *withstand the worldwide capithis an intensified campaign of
talistic reaction-for
organization was ordered. (4) Relations with the Red
Trade Union International-recognition
was given to
the previously stated figure of 16,ooo,ooo members for
this organization, but hostility was shown towards
recognizing or working with it. Its policy of building
nuclei within the old unions was condemned. ( 5)
Absence of American and Russian trade unionistsefforts are to be made to win the affiliation of these
bodies. Much scoffing was heard because the A. F.
�T H E LABOR HERALD
of L. had withdrawn its affiliation with the plea that
the Amsterdam International was too radical. The
old officials, including J. H. Thomas, President, Leon
Jouhaux, Vice President, and Edo F i m e n , Secretary,
were all reelected. The next convention will be held
in Vienna
r
'-1'
D ENMARK
/\N A ~ r i l24th. the meat lockout, which had lasted
"
w a l m ~ & ttwb month; came to an end. The settlement carried with it a reduction in wages of 15%. or
12% among the poorer paid workers, semi-annual readjustment of wages in acordance with the varying
cost of living, reduction of overtime rates to z 5%-fG
the first hour and 33%% for the second hour, and
maintenance of the eight hour day with minor modifications. There is considerable discontent among the
rank and file of the unions, they feeling; that their conservative leaders have sacrificed their interests.
July, 1922
-
a class basis. As the T a b Vale decision, at first a great
defeat. finally resulted in a victory by producing the
Labor Party, so the present disaster will probably
change eventually into a great success by uniting the
scattered trade unions into one mighty, undefeatable
organization. British Labor is now at a turning point
in its history.
Book Department of
THE LABOR HERALD
Live Wires Wanted to Circulate the Following book^:
THE RAILROADERS' NEXT STEP-AMALGANATION.
(Seoond Edition).
By Wm. Z Foster. 64 pages. Revised and Enlarged.
Single copies, 25e each ; 10 to 200 copies, 150.
STORIES OF THE GREAT RAILROADS.
By Charles Edward Russell. 332 pages. $1.25 p er copy.
THE GREAT STEEL STRIKE.
By Wm. Z. Foster. 865 pages Cloth, $1.75; paper, $1.00 per copy.
RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF TPTE FIRRT WORLD CONC3RESB OF
REVOLUTIONARY TRADE UNIONS-MQSCOW. 96 pages. 15c per copy.
THE RUSSLAN REVOLUTION. By \Vm. Z. Foster. (Sold out.)
THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF 1Q18-1921I N GEBMANY, EBTOLABlD,
ITALY AND FRANCE. '
By V m , Z . Foster 64 pages.
a n g l e oopies, 25c; 10 or more, l 5c.
A British Laborillustration of than American further
CURIOUS
how much
is advanced
Labor
is furnished by the current issue of "All Power," British official organ of the Red Trade Union International,
which contains an article by George Hicks, President
of the National Federation of Building Trades Operatives. To get an idea of what this means try t o imagine
John Donlin, President of the A. F. of L. Building
Trades Department writing enthusizsticallg- 'for the
Liberator o r THE.LABOR ERALD. would seem
H
That
a miracle.
The Federation of Building Trades Operatives made
ENGLAND
~
i long fought lockout in the British metal trades UD of 16 organizations with s o o , members and headed
E
has come to an end with a d'efeat for the men. b Hicks,
one of the new types of industrial unions
;
The latter have been forved to accept the employers' in the making. Though technically still a federation, it
terms, which carry with them very heavy wage cuts is rapidly digesting its many unions heading straight
and much less control for the unions in the shops. for an industrial union that will include the entire
The struggle lasted I4 weeks and at one time there were building trades. I t was formed as a result of the great
almost r,ooo,ooo men involved. The depleted s b t e of amalgamation movement launched by Tom Mafin and
the unionsl.funds, coupled with a terrible u neiaplopent, his comrades in 1911. In the current issue of T he
made the struggle one of the worst in British indus- Operative Builder, Mr. Hicks, outlining the history and
purpose of the organization, says :
trial history. I t is a big defeat for War.
I am sure that the great campaign of 1911 to 1914
T he great lockout is the aftermath of the c@lapse of
for full and complete a malgaqtion of all building
the Triple Alliance a year ago. At that h e &e highly
trade unions into one industrial organization had
organized British emiployers took the measure of the
a most marked effect in developing the mind of :he
trade union movement. They saw that its leaders, bred
worker for bigger and better forms of unity. I t
in the old Lib-Lab school of unionism are incapable
helped him to realize that it was not s a c i e n t
of making a fight on cIass lines so they passed the word
merely to desire better things, but that if he wanted
along for a general assault against the whole movet~ realize them he had to work for them, and the
ment. The attack on the metal trades organizations
scope necessary for such work did not lie in being
was headed by Sir Allan M. Smith, President qf the
separated from his fellow man, but in' co-operation
Engineering and National Employers' Federation. H e
with h im Complete amalgamation has not yet been
demanded that the Amalgamated Engineering Unim acrealized, but again let-me say I feel as confident of
cept conditions calculated to break the power of the- orit coming into being as of daylight following darkganization. The leaders agreed, but the m
e k feated
ness. We ought to have it now. We will have it
the proposition on a referendum, Result a lackqut of
as soon as the workers demand it, W e must
350,000 machinists on March 11th. Then the employers
broaden the outlook of the rank amj a e . One
moved against the rest of the trades, whose leaders
union with one aim-that is to sieze each opporh ey h e w were only too willing to capitulate. For a
tunity for improvement of status, to work in cot h e the 47 other metal trades unions made a show
operation with other unions for mutual aid and
csf a united front, but they finally turned tail on the
ink up and fraternize d the
protection, to l
E. U. and entered into separate negotiations with
workers of the world' to assist in the d l i s h m e n t
the employers on the basis of terms rejected by the
of the Co-operative Commonwealth.
A. E. U But this treason did them no good, i t only
.
T i k of an American building trades e n chier
hn
encouraged the employers, with the outcome that the
47 found themselves locked out also on May 3rd, adding talking like that! The "old guard" w d h v e him
arrested and examined for his sanity.
600,000 more men to the fray. After endless negotiaThe London Daily Herald, the big daily paper of
tions, in which the e mloyers displayed unshaking determination to cripple the unions and the union leaders Organized Labor in Great Britain, has been SWBLT he
gross timidity and lack of solidarity, the settlement Joint Committee, representing the General, Ckeund of
Comwas finally arrived at, first by the 47 unions on June the Trade Union Congress and the Ex+w
znd, and the Amal@;amated Engineering Union on June mittee of the National Labor Party, has O ~ t oB its
rescue by agreeing to take care of its d a t =ti1 their
12th.
The British labor movement is stirred to its depths brganizations hold their national conuentim& in June
over this latest defeat. Something drastic will be done and September respectively, when definite a m g s e n t s
about it. Unlike Americans, the British trade union- will be made to put the paper on its f@ t kancidy.
i
ists are accustomed to learn by their defeats. M y y For a long time the Daily Herald has &&%n dire
are now declaring that old-fashioned trade unionm~~financial straits, ascribable chiefly to the iadastrial dejust about
has reached the limit of its usefulness and cannot stand pression. At the time this relief came it.*
before such powerful employers' organization as the to expire. The recent anti-union twist 09 the British
Federation of British Industries. An insistent demai~d press (hitherto comparatively fair to Wsk] has no
l
is being made for the amalgamation of the entire labor doubt moved the conservative trade m10~eaders to
movement into one organization which shall fight on save the Daily Herald.
-
TH
SPECIAL RATES TO AGENTS
ORDERS PAYABLE IN ADVANCE
The Trade Union Educational League
118 North La SalIlls l trert
Chicago, Illinoi%
II
1 AGAINST T HE FAMINE? (
Do S ou Want to Know About the Progress of the Fight
II
SOVIET RUSSIA
11
as t hey appear twice a month (on t he 1st and 16th of each month)
I
PICTURES, POSTERS, MAPS, PORTBAITB, ORIGINAL AETI€lZES, EGBNONIC
STUDIES BY LENIN, TROTSKY, RADEK, a;INOVIBV AND OTHERS
f
A t A "Newsstands, Fifteen Cents p er Copy
l
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lI
i
II
I f So, You Must Read t he Issuea of
I
Il
63UBSCB.IPTIBN PBICE: $2.50 PER YEAR, $1.25 FOR S IX MONTB23
'
II
Address.
" SOVIET RUSSIA"
-
Room 304-1 10 West 40th S t m ~ i
-I
New York,
'
N. Y. I
i
1
.
It
�
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B e a Partner o f Soviet Russia
I
F or $10 y ou can buy a share in a company which has formed a partnership
w ith t he Russian Soviet Government. It will manufacture cloth, clothing, etc., in
Moscow and Petrograd. Russia furnishes the plants, the workmen, the raw rnat erials and the market ; A merican working people are now furnishing the moneyc apital and the technical aid. Your money invested in this company will pay for
better food for t he w orkers, for additional machinery, and for outside materials.
I t is hoped t hat dividends will be paid from t he b eginning, and the Russian G OVe rnment guarantees your investment. Any profits over ten per cent. will go t o
enlarging these factories and running others, so t hat t he possibilities of the
project are without limit.
R ussia has plants,
This is not a charworkers and r a w maLENIN'S MESSAGE TO YOU
i t y ; it is better than
terial in g r e a t abundM o s c o w , J une 7 , 1 922.
charity. If a n unemance. She needs w orkployed man came t o S IDNEY H ILLMAN
R USSIAN-AMERICAN
INDUSTRIAL' CORPORATION:
~ n gc apital and techyou in the street and
R EFERYOUR
COMMUNICATION
IN
nical aid.
asked you for a handE KCE
R A I. C. C AMPAIGN R E Russia has gone t o
out to prevent him from CEIVEDT O SOVIET GOVERNMENT S ATISforeign
governments
starving. you might give F A C T I O ~ . ASSURING ALL POSSIBLE SUBP ORT S OVIET G OVERNMENT URGES EXand bankers t o get t pe
it to him. R ut y ou would
ERCISE ALL EFFORTS SPEEDY REALIm oney a nd t h e a:d.
say t o yourself t h a t ZATION Y OVR P LANS.
T hese bankers a r e eager
charity does not solve
(Signed)
RYKOFF.
P C TING CHAIRMAN COUNCIL LABOR
for the profits waiting
the problem c:f u nemAND DEFENSE (Substitute for L enin).
t o be made. But they
ployment. W h a t is n eedw ill make bargains oniy
ed is a new deal t h a t
will set the wheels o f
o n conditions that R ussia does not wish to accept.
i ndustry g oiug a nd give the came hack f r o m Russia with
a contract signed by r epreT hey want Russia t o abatsm an a job.
s entatives c f t he Soviet Govdon all communistic ideals.
T h a t is just a s true of R usThey want the debts of the
a s i t is o f t he m an
t he
er?:"t'contract
a grees t o
T sar t o b e paid. They w ant
s treet. Russians a r e starvt urn o ver t o t he R ussianc ontrol over R tr~sian c ourts
i ng; we h ave g iven
t o A merican Industrial Corpor- a nd o ther impossible t hings.
l Juy t hem f o o d ; w e
k eep
a tlon six factories in PetroC annot A merican w orking
O n g iving i t' B ut t hat m oney
g rad a nd t hree in Moscow
people f urnish the necessary
is eaten up. Here is a chance m aking c loth a nd clothing.
capital without depending on
t o help R ussian iR ussia will T hey a r e worth between $2,s tarted so t h a t ndustry get
t he bankers t o d o it for
500,000 and $5,000,000.
t h e m ? Instead of putting
be
M oney
S idney H illman i nspected y our m oney i n t he h ank, inv ested i n
' Ompany
t hesefactoriesand found that
vest i t i n t he R ussian-Amern ot be eaten u p ; it will keep
t hey a r e in good condition, ican i ndustrial Corporation.
going t h e w heels o f t extile
turn out good clothing, and
mi'1s a nd ' lething
- - - - - - - - -n ow employ about 7,000 peoi t will give a ddjtional jobs t o
I
ple.
R ussian w orkmen.
T h e R ussian-American I nR USSIAN-AMERICAN INDUSH ere is your chance t o ind ustrial C orporation has been
TRIAL CORPORATION
I
vest money in the Russian
i ncorporated under the laws '
32 Union Square, New York City
Revolution. Do you believe
of Delaware. Its authorized
I
in t he Soviet Government? capital is $1,000,000.
.
I ~clalzt. . . . . . . sl~nresof Y O U I - stoclt
Do you wan1 t o give it an
A ny o ne may subscribe a t
o pportunity t o make good?
$10 a share. Careful p rovi- I n t $10 n slznrc, for .iwlziclz I e uclose
Here is a chance to s ay s o
:ion is made that control of
. . . . . . . . . I w ant f urtlze~, i nformaw ith hard cash.
the c o r ~ o r a t i o nwill not fall
$.
P resideut S idney H illman
i nto t he- h ands of a few large
ti011 a bout the pln~z. I z cmrzt.. . .....
?f t ile A malgamated Clothowners, T his is a people's
topics o f ,,our ,iicmiure
d istnbutr
111g W orkers of America
enterprise.
t o I : I Vf riends.
--
--
,
,
,
I
1
I
The Russian-American
Industrial Corporation
Sidney Hillman, President.
31 Union Square, New York Citv
............................
I
Nairie
I
A ddress
1
n t31
I
. .........................
.............................
�September, 1922
The Railroaders' Next Step:
T he Road to p ower
a nd Teacher ,of Nation41
By W m. 2. Foster
This 6 4page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, Ells a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
phase and step by step it scientifically and irrefutably establishes the case
for amalgamation. Place this pamphlet in the hands of the rank and
file and it will not be long until the fusion of the sixteen railroad unions
i nto one body is an accomplished fact.
T a e Unionism
rd
All the above.studies' a re organized in
such m anner that each can be mastered
in a few weeks. We teach the teachers of the working-class.
Here is a model of trade union pamphleteering. I n the seven chapters into
which the 64 pages of this booklet are divided are combined deep research,
cool analysis of fact, broad knowledge of the industry and of its history,
unflinching determination to move men and conditions upward and onward.
From the opening ~ entence,"The supreme need of the railroad men at the
present time is a consolidation of our many railroad organizations into one
compact body," to the closing prophecy that in time the cozpolidated railroad
unions w ill "pit their enormous organization against the employing class,
end the wages system forever, and set up the long-hoped-for era of social
justice," there is not a dull sentence in the book.
Central School of Practical
A feature of the pamphlet is a beautiful cover, designed by the wellknown artist, F red Ellis.
II
All railroad groups of militazlts should make the distribution of this
pamphlet a special order of business, and see to it t hat all railroad
unions in their respective localities are plentifully supplied with it. Let
us have your orders immediately.
RATES :
Single copies, 25c per copy. We pay postage.
In lots of 10 to 200, 15c per copy. We pay postage
Over 200 copies, special rates.
To avoid delay, order quickly, as the present supply is limited
ALL ORDERS PAYABLE I N ADVANCE
II
Send remittances to the
T rade Union Educational League
118 N. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.
III
A Six p age weekly. Will fill your need
for a live, clear cut workers' newspaper. News, special articles, editor- n
ials. Cartoons by Bob Minor.
Always abreast of the labor struggle.
Special price to new subscribers
20 weeks for 50 cents.
,
'
I
( Regular price $2.00 per year)
Writing in "Advance, " Solon De Leon says:
I
I
Working Class Education
AMALGAMATION
I
T H E LABOR HERALD
II
Books and Pamphlets
"Dictatorship vs. Democracy"
By Leon Trotzky
Just published. Cloth $1.00, paper 50 cents.
A book of tremendous value to workers
who realize - t he necessity of right tactics
in the labor struggle. Write for price list
of Workers Party publications.
THE WORKERS PARTY
799 Broadway; Room 405
New~o&City .
LITERATURE AGENTS, SPECIAL NOTICE
Because of the seizure of o ur.books by t he police in an
attempt to frame-up against me in connection with the Gary
train wreck, it is impossible for us to send regular statement$
t o those having accounts with THE LABOR HERALD. We are
therefore compelled to appeal to you to figure out your o wnpccount, on the basis of t he bills sent you last month, deducting any
payments made, and adding for copies received, and to promptly'
send us the amount due. . Remeinber t he September Herald costs
only nine cents par copy. We appeal to your. solidarity t o act
immediately in this matter axid t o remit the full amount due us.
When the authorities are making desperate efforts to destroy
our League and THE LABOR HERALD, the militants should
-. make reply by at least paying - their accounts promptly. W e know
you won't fail us in this matter.
Wm. Z. Foster
II
'
-
�NATIONAL CONFERENCE NUMBER
I
THE ABOR HERALD
L
I
Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. Subscriotion price $1.50 per year. The Trads Union Educational W e . Publiaherf
"Entered a s semnd-class matter March 21, 1922, a t the postoffice a t C hica~o,Illinois, under the Act of March 0, 1879."
Vol. I.
.
No. 7
September, I 922
First National Conference of t~ z & t
he
7-8
1
Trade Union Educational League
Chicago, Aug. 26-27.
First Day's Proceedings. Morning Session
'The Conference was opened at 9 :30 a. m.,
<'
>
-r
;*
2
--
i4.?
,rfi
-,,-
,
,
&,
$
'I
2
August 26th, in the Labor Lyceum, 2733 Hirsch
Blvd., by Sec'y-Treas. Foster.
johnstone of chicago was unanimously
elected chairman.
-Upon motion the chair was instructed to appoint the following committees of three members each : Credentials, Resolutions, Organization, Finance, Defense.
Report of Credentials Committee
.
j
r
.g
&
.
%
=
-;
.
I
-
~ G r otf Organization Committee
~ h Organization Committee submitted the
&
following rules and regulations for the national
and local leagues :
T he Credentials Committee reported credentials of 45 delegates from the following 26 cities:
Milwaukee, Boston, Buffalo, Winnipeg, Montreal,
. RULES FOR T H E TRADE UNION EDUCAToronto, Guelph, New York, Cleveland, MinneTIONAL LEAGUE
1. This body shall be known as the Trade Union
apolis, San Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, St.
Louis, O'Fallon, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Pitts- Educational League.
2. I ts
shall . be o carry on
burgh, Cisco, Moline, Omaha, Kansas City, AS- campaign aimeducational t work within an intensified
of
the trade untoria, St. Paul, Youngstown. The delegation ions to the end that the natural development of
included many of the most active and influential these bodies to ever more clear-sighted, cohesive,
militants in the American trade union move- militant, and powerful organizations may be faciliated, and thus the labor movement hastened on to
ment. A do~ted.
the accomplishment of its great task of working
T he followinu communication^ were read :class emancipation.
AMALGAMATED UNION O F BUILDING
TRADES WORKERS O F GREAT
BRITAIN AND IREL-AND
London, England, August l oth, 1922.
4
W ESTERN UNION TELEGRAM
Aug. 25, P M 6 13
P hiladel~hia.Pa.
Trade &ioi Convention,
Educational League,
Regret our inability t o send delegates to convention but can't refrain from sending you our
heartiest congratulations and wishing you success
in the work YOU a re undertaking.
Shop ~ e l e g a t e sLeague, Waist &
Dress Industry,
B. Baroky, Secretary."
Mr. Wm. 2. Foster,
Trade Union Educational League,
Chicago, Ill.
Dear Sir and Brother:
Many thanks for the copy of T H E LABOR HERALD you were good enough to send me together
with an invitation to contribute an article to this
fine publication. I enclose a n a rticle on the l i e s
you suggest and also a photograph which may be
useful. Best wishes for the success of your National Conference. Your movement is in line with
the most keen expression of working class educational life here. Please convey my fraternal greetings to the Conference.
Yours Fraternally,
(Signed)
George Hicks,
General President."
3. Only good-standing members of recognized
trade unions can hold office in t he League and participate actively in its business meetings.
4. Nationally the League shall consist of the following industrial sections : Amusement Trades,
Building Trades, Clothing Trades, Food Trades, General Transport Trades, Lumber Trades, Metal
Trades, Mining Trades, Miscellaneous Trades, Printing Trades, Public Service Trades, Railroad Trades,
Textile Trades, and Local General Groups. Each
of these national industrial educational sections
shall consist of militant workers from all the recognized trade unions in their respective spheres. Each
of them shall have a national secretary. Locally
the League shall follow the same general scheme
of organization, the various local groups choosing
secretaries and'specializing themselves according to
t he above named industrial sections. The national
league shall consist of four territorial districts,
(1) E astern States, (2) Central States, (3) W estern
States, (4) Canada. The boundaries of the districts
shall be determined by the National Committee.
�4
THE LABOR HERALD
5. T he League is purely an educational body, not
a t rade union. I t is strictly prohibited for any of _
its national or local branches to affiliate to o r 'accept the affiliation of trade unions. No dues shall
be collected from individual workers nor per capita
tax from organizatiops of any kind. . The revenues
of the League, national, district and local, shall be
provided through voluntary donations, meetings, entertainments, sale of literature, etc. No membership'
cards shall be issuea t o individuals co-operating in
the Leagne.
6. T he League shall hold National Conferences
yearly, a t such times and places as may be determined-on by the National Committee. The system
af r epresentation shall be based upon the local general groups, which shall be entitled to one delegate
for and from each local industrial section organized
in th& respective localiti6s, a nd one for the local
general group. Delegates shall have one vote each.
D uring t he nktional conferences, meetings shall be
held of the various national industrial sections to
map out their respective programs.
7. T he national officers of t he League, s hall consist of a Sec'y-Treas., and a National. Committee
composed of the 14 secretaries of the national industrial sections specified in Sec. 4. T he Sedy-Treas,
shall be the secretary of the National Committee.
He shall be elected by the National Conference. The
industrial s ecietaries shall be elected by t+eir r espective sections during the National Conference.
A sub-committee of seven, including the Sec'yTreas., shall be selected from among the membership of the National Committee, to act as an Adm histrative Council, selection to be based upon proximity to the national headquarters. All goodstanding members of recognized trade unions shall
b e eligible for the office a Sec'y-Treas.; the memf
bers of the National Committee shall be good-standing members of recognized unions in their respective sections.
8. Between ~ a t i o n a lConferences ;he National
Committee shall execute the national policies of the
League. I t shall control the work of the Sec'yTreas.; select the editor of the national o Ecial
organ, T H E LABOR HERALD, and supervise the
latter's policy. I t shall 'meet quarterly, or oftener
when necessary. When such meetings cannot be
held, the National Committee ,shall conduct its business by referendum.
9. T he Sec'y-Treas. shall be duly bonded with a
reliable surety company. H e shall issue annual and
quarterly financial statements in T H E LABOR
HERALD. His b d s s hall be audited quarterly
by a Finance Committe of three chosen by the
local general group in thg headquarters aity. Other
natipnal and local officials of the League handling
t h e funds, shall also be bonded.
10. These rules may be changed only by National
Conferences.
Rules for Local C e n s d Groups
Recommended a s basis for t he work s f local general groups.
1. T he name of this organization shall be the
Trade Union Educational Ldgue, local general group
of
2. I ts aim shall b e to car& o n a n intensified
campaign of educational work within the trade unions to the end that the natural development of
these bodies to ever more clear-sightcd, cohesive,
S eptember,
1922
militant and powerful organizations may be facilitated, and thus the labor movement hastened on to
the accomplishment of its g reat t ask of working
class emancipation. To organize all militant trade
unionists into local general educational g roups;-to
c arry on the work of amalgamation between the
various crafts with the aim of eventually bringing
each craft injo i ts natural- basic trade industrially.
3. No membership dues or cards will be used,only a special receiet f or subscription t o T H E
LABOR HERALD. (a) AIl subscribers to THE
LABOR HERALD who are also members in good
standing in some recognized trade union, and have
passed a local examining board, shall be considered
members in good standing. (b) The local generpl
group shall consist of members from all local industrial groups.
4. T he local general group shall elect o:i t he
first regular meeting in January of each year, a
chairman and a vice-chairman, a secretary-treasu rer (who shall also be the literature agent for tlie
local general group), and a sergeant at arms. On
the first regular meeting in January, the following
committees shall be elected: (a) -Educational and
Entertainment, Auditing, Rules and Grievance and
Finance Committees. (b) The Organization and
Membership Committe shall consist of the secretaries of all the affilisted industrial groups who
shall be elected by the members of each industrial.
group on the last meeting in December of each
year. In sections where oplly g eneral groups &st, .
these committees shall be elected by the general
group.
5. T he duties of all officers shall be those g enrrally devolving on said officer. The Educational a nd
Entertainment Committee shall have charge of all
entertainments a n d g eneral meetings of an educational character. The Auditing Committee s hall
audit the books of the sec'y-treas, and literature
agent of the local general group every three months.
And a t any ether time they may be ordered to do
so by the local general group. The Rules and
Grievance Committee shall handle a11 grievances and
assist when requested by a written call from the
officers in any lacal indui'trial group, to handle any ,
grievances of said group. This committee shall pass
on all rules governing the local general group. The
Finance Committee shall devise ways and means of
securing finances for the local general group.
Process of bringing charges against officers or members :-No charges will be entertained by the chairman of the local general group that is not 'presented in writing and signed by a member in good
standing in some industrial group where g roup is
formed. (a) Said charges must first be presented
in the local industrial group of the member *presenting same, or if of a general group nature, then
presented to the group through its local s ecretary
i n writing. (b) If the local industrial secretary or
the general group secretary is directly interested in
charges being presented, then charges must be
brought through some member of the local industrial group delegated by said group.
6. T hese rules may be amended by a majority
.
vote of the delegates to the local general group at
any regular meeting. A11 changes in rules must
first be referred t o the Rules Committee, who shall
make a report a t the next general meeting, which
shall be a called meeting.
S eptember, 1922
T H E LABOR HERALD
Another Frame-up Started
-
T h e arrest of more than a score of m e n well-known for their
progressive views and activities in t he labor movement, o n t he
charge of violating the so-called " Criminal S yndicalist Lams"
of M ichigan, creates a crisis that cannot be ignored by anyone
c omerned e ither i n the maintenance of civil rights, or iqt t he
struggle of the workers for a decent standard of life.
T h e forces which engineered the spectacular raids, headed by
a notorious l abor-baiti~zg private detective agency, singularly
cloaked w ith t he mantle of Federal authority, are of the very
same charracter a s those employed by railroad o wners a nd coat
o pmators t o stamp o ut call labor unionism i n these industries.
T h e men u ~zder rrest are w ell k nown fop t heir efforts to strengtha
en the unions t h o u g h a malgamation of the craft organizations
and t heir g reater coordination i n the struggle.
Some of the men w ere arrested hundreds of miles away from
the scerze of the alleged illegal meeting. That the Chicago arrests b zvolve o nly m en active in. t he Trade Union Educational
League, and that its offices and convention were mode the scene
of spectacular police raids, shows clearly t hat i t w w a police
frame-up to h amper t he work.
Those arrested i n M ichigafi are charged m ith n othing f urther
than parliamentary d iscussio~land d ecisio~z. N o overt act of any
kiwd i s held a gainst them. Their opinion is their crime. Y e t
unless Labor becomes a ctive i n their behalf, l ong s entences await
them.
W e consider the M ichigan alleged S y~zdicalist case a grave
violation of American civil rights arzd declare that it bears all
the e ar-marks of a police c o~zspiracy t o suppress the work of
able and honest labor organizers. Everyone who opposes such
action on the p w t of the authorities should give all possible help,
financial and o thsm-se, t o the defense of those arrested.
a
All c o~ztributio~zsnd com.municatio~zs r egarding the defense
of this case should be addressed to
Emergency Labor , Defense C ommittee
R o o m 307, 166 W . W ashington st.
Chicago, Ill.
.5
�1
6
,
.
7 Q r d s .of bilainaas. batislg o &uteo; of d elewtes in each l&al
.
f
s
0
THE L A B 0R HERALD
prevbw meet*
hl call af ~ f f i c e r ~ BePQTt af
l
.
sfficera. (a) &port of szefr-tmis., literatwe wWL
(b) Beports af swr&atics sf irtdwtrial g ~ t l p s . Cc)
Reports of st;mt&p c a d - ,
Restding of bills
and cmmunisatiatl~. dtti&ed business, New busU
iacss. Good r d the ~ sder,
1ndwW &:
a(
The O rpnizlhx1. Gomaaittse geeomen& tbat the
g a e ~ a l raqpr
g
o&cial camttiittee >or
tbeaselves for this p
number to set as
10-1
Report of Organization Gammittee adopted -
Report ofi the Na
T he report of the National C d & c ? was
submitted By the S&y-Treas. Before gaHg int o rr. d e t d d statement of the stmiding of &e
Sec"y Foster stated &t the m g d a t i o n
now has SO g reat an influence in the labur m v c
m a t that the powers t bat b e are determined t o
wu& itt. h e effort in ehis direction was the
departation of himself from Colorado and Wyoming by the authmities. V is has been lately
f obwed by a raid on the national &ice, supposedly ig t cmection with ta train wreck in
G y and W y by the arrest of several memr,
hem of the League relative to
~ u p ~ he d
olding-of a radical c a4~entionin Michigan. Inssmu& w tbere bas begn a defmse Committee
appainted to l w k into this "legdl' attack an_
the League, d W t e action o n ti matter wjI1
hs
no doubt be taken before the G nference adjaunts. He s t;lt~dthat a l&et h&d been aceived from the Civil Liberties Union, ~ siped y
b
N ew- Thomas, Roger Baldwin, Robert 1VTorss
L ovett and S ~ o t Nearing, pledged the mortal
t
and material suppmt of that organimtiog in this
crisis,
T he Sec'y-Treas. g am a brief hi&gry af the
dev-elopnennt of the geaeral idea a f tSfe League.
In the a rty days of the b e r i a a n hbar movement the r nilimt elements quite generally fuac.
t imed within the aaas a r p i z a t b n s . But along
abput 1 89 a dualistic teddency b e p ~o det
velop. Chi&y under the intellectual guidance
of Daniel D a w n , the idea began to spread t hat
the way t~ biuild a real revo1utionar)r labof' m ove
ment was & forsake t he conservative mass organI
izations rand ba s t a t a tlew I L O m dveaent T his
SB r
program acquired almost mmplete dondmtioa
among radieah ~ ~ landyo r&ati~n a fter
,
ion w~ b u p r a t e d t o put it in00 effect.
It is not too much t o say that v i ~ a l l yhe whole
t
revolutionary movement subscribed to this plan:
But i l h t 19x1a am developpent took place.
h r g d y influenced by went8 in Fmncle, an d ement Began t advowte that the rebels stay witho
in Ule old trade uflions. A t first this agitation,
furthered by T am M a n among others, manifested itself in the I. W. W., and there segmed a
change of sentiment. The general. consequence is running like wildfire. The whole mass of the
was that the Trade Union Educational League rank and file are stirred up over the proposition.
immediately took on great life and importance. All sorts of railroad groups, such as system federations, Plumb Plan Leagues, etc., have enWork o the Leagae
f
Active work in thk organization of the T. U. E. dorsed consolidation and are circularizing the
L. practically began in February, 1922. Live country about it. Particularly effective work
spirits were located in all the principal cities in is being done by the Minnesota Shop Crafts
. the country and then encouraged to form local Legislative Committee, which has mapped out
groups. These were the "r,ooo secret agents," a definite plan of amalgamation, published it it1
made famous by Mr. Gompers7 erratic state- leaflet fomz, and circulated it by scores of thouments in the capitalist press. At the present sands of copies, with the result that hundreds of
time, the League has groups and col;nections in local unions in the whole 16 railroad crafts have
practically all the important industrial centers gone on record for amalgamation. All the power
of the United States and Canada. It is carrying of a reactionary bureaucracy will never be able
on a militant campaign everywhere for the re- to stop the wonderfill at~lalr:amation movement
vamping of the present lacklustre trade union started by t he T. U. B. L. in the railroad industry.
movement into a genuine fighting organization.
Among the clothing workers the League is
Already it is wielding a decisive force in shaping also a power. It has its groups in all the unions
the policies of Labor.
in the needle trades. They exercise a profound
. One of the first movements in which the influence in the course of these organizations.
League played a part took place in the mining They are particularly driving at the wnsolidaindustry. During the big agitation over the ex- tion of all the unions into one body aad the espulsion of Alexander Kowat a strong sentiment tablishment of the shop delegate system.
existed among radical elements to split away
NaturaIly, carrying on this militant work, the
from the U M. W. of A. The League, with League is meeting with great opposition from
.
hundreds of connections in the miners7 union, the old guard. But this will 'be unavailing to
turned all its efforts to averting such a calamity. stop its progress. The conservative bureaucracy
I t is safe to say that had it not been for the is intellectually bankrupt. It has absolutely noLeague very serious division would have oc- thing to offer the rank and file to help them out
curred, which would have greatly jeopardized of their difficulties. With the labor movement
the success of the then impending strike. In the confronted by the greatest crisis in its history,
metal industry the League has been particularly the Cincinnati Convention of the A. F. of L.
active in the MachinistsL Union. It got behind could do nothing more than reaffirm its old
the candidacy of Wm. Ross Knudsen for presi- antiquated I ~ dI
eclaration against industrial
dent of the organization. Although Brother unionism, With the League proposing living
Knudsen advocated a very radical program, policies which the rank and file stand in burning
standing for all the T. U. E. L. principles, he need of, i t should not fear the opposition of the
polled approximately 15,000 votes.. Had the reactionaries. By stirring up the mass, it will
election been conducted fairly, he would un- compel the leadership to act whether it wants
doubtedly have defeated his opponent. I n the to or not.
,
:
printing industry, the League is also actively.
Organization of the League
pushing the movement for a consolidation of all
the crafts into one body. This movement is
I n founding the league considerable difficulty
going forward from one victory to the other, and was experienced because it was impossible to
will soon result in giving the printing trades assemble a national conference and properly
workers one of the most up-to-date organizations iaunch the movement there. Hence it was necesto be found anywhere. In various other in- sary, up to the opening of this Conference, to
dustries and localities the League is also very allow the Chicago local general group to funcactive. Its amalgamation resolutions have been tion as the national organization. It mapped out
endorsed by central labor councils and local the Rules, elected the National Committee, orHERALD,
audited the Sec'yunions a11 over the country. The latest im- ganized THELABOR
portant instance-was in the case of the Minne- Treas.' books, worked out the general policies
sota State Federation of Labor, which went on to be applied in organizing, and generally funcrecord for amalgamation despite the most vigor- tioned as the directing body of the whole League.
The National Conference will now take over this
ous opposition of the old Gompers' machine.
But, the greatest showing of the League has direction from the Chicago group and proceed
been in the railroad industry. There the amal- formally to establish the organization, giving it
gamation movement started by the T. U. E. L. a constitution, officers, etc.
A
w r k within tber Wade &om took place in qx6,
when the I nternatiad T rade Union Educational
h g u e was organized. This body set up a few
groups here m d h ere, but did not acquire the
vigor of the earlier Syndicalist League of No*
America. . It died shortly.
Sil another effort was made in Nouember
tl
1920,when the present T rade Union Educational
League: was organized in Chicago. For over a
year this body lingered along more dead than
h
alive, due as u s d to t e dlaalSe&ic attitude of
the rebel element. But then a tremendous
change took place ia this respect. Almost over
might the g e t body of revolutismry elements
ra
arrived a t the opinion t hat the old method of
setting up dual unions was wrong and that the:
proper place for t he militants i s among ,the
masses. The! e xperienm sf the f tbsi519 Revolution cmt;ributedg reatly t o this unparallelled
'
�T H E L A B 0l H E R A L D
R
through an unsuccessful strike, marked by treachery on the part of the building trades leaders, a
split developed and an organization h o w n a s
the Rank and File Federation was created. Many,
animated by t he customary dual union ideas, put
great hopes ia this organization. But it has
disappointed the& almost completely. At present
the organization has approximately only 3 500
members, of which but rgoo a re paid up. Efforts
are now beiag made to bring these seceeding
workers back into the old buiiding trades unions.
In the metal, needle and provision trades, good
work is being done. Councils of the affiliated
organizations are being set up, strengthened, and
used towards educating and awakening the morkem generally.
On July 25th a nd 26th, the Pacific Coast District held its first conference. Delegates were
on band from San Francisco, Los h g e l e s and
Seattle. The entire situation was canvassed and
action outlined to bring about solidarity between
the workers in the various industries. It was
particularly pointed out that just at present there
9
was a splendid opportunity to organize the metal
miners all through the Rocky Mountain states.
The District Conference elected officers, who will
proceed to coordinate the work of the groups
all along the coast.
Del. Rogers called attention to the split that
bas taken place recently among the longshoremen. This grew out of dissensions in the old
organization and could have been avoided. Del.
~ i u d s e noutlined the recent struggles of the
metal trades workers and pointed otrt the efforts
now Ixing made to reorganize the scattered
ranks. EZle was of the opinion that if the League
had been established on the coast a year or two
ago, the splits in the building trades industry and
among the transport workers would not have
occurred. All told, the situation in the district
for the League is now good. The railroad men
particularly are taking to the League program
like ducks to water. It is safe to say that before
long the Pacific Coast District of the T. U. E. L.
will be a living factor in the western labor movement.
First Day's Proceedin.gs, fternoon Session
A
.
Report of Canadian District
,
Del. Buck stated that to get a f iir idea of the
Trade Union Educational League and its Canadi
. ian development, one must first realize what an
utter hash the whole trade union movement of
Canada is. Imagine -a vast country with comparatively small cities separa'ted by enormous
distances, with a total population of oilly 8,0ao,0 0 and only ho,soo actual industrial workers.
0,
Sectarian tendencies have been carried to a point
absolutely unprecedented. Only 313,000workers
are organized, of which 4 ,500 a re in the National Catholic Syndicate, 24,000 in the so-called
Canadian Federation of Labor, and the rernaining 244,500 a re split between 98 international
unions and 27 independent organizations of all
degrees of militancy, reaction and apathy. Split
by secession and rumors of secession, demoralized and weakened by distrust, the trade unions
during the past year and a half have been going
down t he toboggan & an alarming pace. Wage
cuts have become the order of the day and now
attract little or no attention. Outside of the railroad shops, trade union conditions have become
for the metal trades merely a legend.
Jobless &id disheartened, the rank and file have
been quitting the unions in droves.. During the
past year no less than 300 local unions, 10% of
all the local* ia Canada, have passed completely
out sf existence, and in metal mining scarcely a
trace of the former organization new exists. The
railroad shopmen, who until 1919 y ere the hundred percenters of the Canadian trade union
movement, were so hopelessly split until recently
as to almost coinpletely demoralize them. I t was
no uncommon thing in western Canada to find
four organizations .competing with each other for
the men of one craft in one shop, with resultant
utter conftasion and weakness. From being the
stronghold of t he militants and the vanguard of
orgmized labor in Canada, the west became .a
region torn with dissension and ;educed to a confused babel of freak organizations, and in many
localities the stronghold of, reaction. To some
extent the miners of Nova Scotia and Crows
Nest Pass I?ave escaped &is wave of demoralization, E Eorts were made by the 0. B. U. to
establish secession movements among them, but
these d id not take root. The miners succeeded
in maintaining their solidarity.
The League Comes to Canada
Del. Back stated t kat because of the enormous
expedse of carrying on a new movement in Canada, the T. U, E! L. started slowly, the first several groups perishing of inanimation. Finally a
few groups were started in Ontario and one in
Montreal, also one in Edmonton. Then, at a
meeting of the Toronto general group early in
June, 1922 the matter was gone into very carefully and it was decided that if the League was to
progress the message had to be carried to the
shops and locals, Enough rnsnsy was raised to
�T H E L A B O R EXERALEI-
J
5
.
v
September, 1922
T H E L ABC R H E R A L D
This is a crying outrage a d a hbfot upofi American
civilizatbn. I t 1s a b itter crime not only against
the k e n imprhaned, but t he whole w srkiag ckss.
The Trade Union Educational L q u e h e r d h goel
sn record in definite protest a@imE t he matragm
perpetrated upon Mooney a nd Bflfhm and &mmds
their release forthwith. To this end, $ propuses r h
following action :
1. That we make the BIoan%y.-Bifli~acase a
burning i sam in all the trade miam with w k i ~ h
we are a m a d d , a nd that we lancdagfg strive to
'.
stir up tfie rank and file t a pgotast
2 m a t w e ~ g rall organizations mw &cb we
.
e
have any m ntrol s r influence t o send l (tfera @ the
Governor of California d mandiag t he nncuaaQtional
release of our imprisoned brothers. We madmlrx
in unmeasured terms the irndigerence a nd n e g l e ~ t
being shown by the trade union leaders generally
in respect of this case so vital t t he interests o f
a
organized labor.
II
w orkc~sin the country mast go further and make
the case a live and Burning issue throughaut t he
entire labar msaemenk.
We appeal t o the d e l w t e s of r h ~ irst Xatiansl
F
Canfsrencc of the T. ZJ, El. L, t o go back t o ttbeir
respective sr%;a&atians and s tir a p interest ita the
Maoney-Billin@ case. We also mrge that the delegates strive to increase the c kulatiozi of Tom
Mmner"s Moathfy, Mormver, they shaufd see to
i t t hat a Boo$ o f r e&o~utions re poured i nto &va
ernor %,teghend' &ice, demanding: t hat be release
t he prissngrs* W e appeal to you, the advance guard
of thc milttant labor mayeaLent of the future, for
a
concerted, i ntendied a edon in behalf of M o~ney nd
B iihgs.
Adopted.
Sa~~o-Viverre*N m
G
Whereas, Saceo and Vanzetti a re livina w d e r the
shadow of t he gallows, having been m justly canvicted on perjured evidence, aqd
Adopted.
Whereas, their only crime was in being M Md
Brother Craig rqreseating the & onq D
e- t o the working class by orgnnizring the claw-trodfense Committee sp&e briefly an the. M m q - den and oppressed workerr af t he New & g k d
Billings case. He bmn@ g reetings fmm the states, therefore be it
t
t he F irst atEonal G nfemnre goes
im'prismed brothers aad urged that tl?R Confer- ,onRresoked,asbatenouncing Nhe frame-up canviction
ecord
d
t
ence give them its undivided support.
of S ama a nd Vaazetti and p!cdga its e atire and
whole-heart& suppart in t he task of securing their
St9te~l~nt M ~ ~ ~ d q - B B i n g s
OD
6release.
By
7% X ikt Madonat G@$ereals;e sf the T rade n%k%
vswke*
E dtzblbtb~~c1
n
& its& ma
The F h t Na~jlal e r ~ t 3 w f &fra Trade WnW
o
mo%phered
artatert b+ sc
ion Edtpeatiozral Lama 8 m k m && 5% yil! n m t
B a t W s , - h ~ ~ad & w a d rdds, db&smea and gdkiw 5Qelf t a be esrrre8 fm its p q s m ~g an^
gt
b
9 d x , iinc-g
a
s w k s t a s . The bdle
g l B ~ m E B t b $mi
sna &a &W€d srt*emI
&wf&ItzmbrTaq s a w far t h s mk sad omairannwms p $otmdW iaauet
am burea,uct~qep&ed-by a n d
&x& ac*g a m r e s t & iii G W S * ~
&a&-'&-is b t & g t w a e n t , baclhffd;rds, The m f k e ~ s
h
cMd- d ~rfther$*tw a d .fka X. 8. D q a c m @ t &
I
j uaisa, BU d whi& h ( bur
*b
hfW@&am~l~,
n
to psemma tka a awly a d h i t f a 1 d el%wafiws d
-
.r;Lsio e rnwma~,
Wnd
Pr-dSta
ta q p r w s
h eiaea-mnwha
w"em
bka,Y-
rJam are m elw snd thee
a w & sw ke Frtslllt t r d s Wen mcrwmq*,
l ! % id
t t ae go
e
Adopted.
.
k w l w dcOafQrap by ;fhe r
J & E b w ed qszsiv
eomprittme.
The p raent situatfon qf the: Mooney-Billings case
F drtid Prioon+a
is unparalleled in American c aurt history, Alf h e
Whereas, there a re ovez 90 political p rismers
principal witnesses for the prosecution have either
f
confessed th having committed perjury, 61- have been con&ed in the various penitanthries s America, in
Gfiaitely exposed. Legally the ease has collapsed, violation af every principle of freedom and hutnanbut Moohey azid Billings a re still in jail. Under the ity, therefore be it
Resolved, th8t we emphatically protest against
laws of California a criminal case cannot be reopened once the record is closed, no matter b w this deplorable state of affairs, and call upon all
muck evidence of perjurg sad conspiracy is discov- militant workers to do their utmost to create such
a body of sentimtat t b t t he government will be
ered after the d efadant is sentenced.
The judge who sentenced Y aeney has asked that campe€ltd t~ release t he victims now so ttnjustIy
,
he be $ranted a new trial. Hi?l request has never kept b dttrwr.
Adopted.
been acted upon, t he courts C O ~ ~ B tSh J m ~ l v e s
e~ ~
powerless t o act. On April 18th* 1922, District AtI t w b EPnaiw RcIfeS
tarney Brady, sn6eie~mrt o the 90&3d0U$ Fickert,
Whereas, the warking i mssea of Russia have had
who railroaded these men t o prison, rcguestcd t h t added t a their already o vrrwhefdtig burdens the
Governor Stephens pardan both g risoa~rson the addidanal task of meeting a. most terrible famine,
grounds of proven perjury a nd f m d in t h d r trials. a nd
More than four months have elapsed since the &tjtrbtlretxs; the worker$ sf the en&e w ~ r l dhave
trict attorney made this request, yet ~ o o n e y na a vital interest Ip asaisGl;ing;their Russian brothers,
a
Billings remain in prison. h r e s ef labor e rgaska- W$B have Borne t h b ~ m of the: world fight against
~
t
tions have seque'stad t hat the govexnor t ake this crpStaliam, aed
actioa, but he refuged to stir.
Wherean, all relief from capitalist o rmnkat-iws
The s itupti~nis farther c om~ticatedby ttPa wttes i s a potential menace t~ t he rule of t he warkers
absence gf assistance on t hc p a t of the majority and 8 practical interference in t hdr a fkirs, thereof Califor&a~labor leaders. Had they r abed their fane ebie htd , that we call upon the trade u nbns af
R so i
voices in pretest in the beginning; t he frame-up
never would have beea succestzful, a ad today, more America to contribute ll'berally t o the various workthan six years later, we find them still i ~~di$erent, e r ~ 'famine relief o rgnizatiqns, and that we parif not actually worEng a minat tfie d tfmse forces ticularfy. commend to them t he work of the Friends
by endorsing Stephens for governor and m l & p
of S v i e t Bussia and the Trade Union Natioml
f ar his re-election, notwithstanding his: Lttitude in Cgmnsittee f or Rusriian Relief.
ehe M oaneyEiillin~case. The indiEcreaee of the
Adopted,
leaders is naturally comrnkm3.cated f a t he r ank and
Russian Waiksrs* RepuhIie
f ife with t he result that the defenrie fiflds itself haadiThe industrial workers of Russia, allled with the
czpped by a general lack of co-operation. The def esse is keeping up interest in the a s s t hrowh t he t oilh~g,peasants,have overtlxrown their oppressors
m e d i m of its general pu6Iicitp work and ifs o 5cial and established the first Workers' Republic, the Sm-. organ, Tam M ooney"~Mosthly. But t he militant i et Government of Russk. In spite of the 'backward-
o*
W& ept; Iri f w h
b
�THE LAB(
The productive forces of capitalism are inter-
means s propaganda for drawing the trade unions
f
together.
Adopted.
. unemployment
must be attacked by all the workers,
There must be soli-
burden of continuously sustaining the workers usu-
e movements inance of the un-
Adopted.
Natianal Amalgamatiom C ohrencs
Polidcol Actioa
I n the daily struggle of the working class it is
found that the powers of t he government are tegularly used against the workers and in favor of the
capitalists. Hence, universally, trade unions naturaily t ry to exert pressure upon the goyernments of
their countries in erder to win them over or a t least
neutralize t h e a I n the United Sfates this natural
ipolitic~lmovement, ordinarily productive of highly
educational values,. has been thwarted and nzisdirected by the Gornpers' policy of "Rewarding
friends and purzishing enemies." This policy, which
hooks the labor movement as a tail onto the capitalist political kites, literally gobons the trade nnions. I t introduces directly into their ranks all the
corrupt influences of capitalist politics, besides keeping the organizations cemmitted to t he promulgation of capitalist economics. So long as it persists
the workers cannot acquire a clear understanding
of their class pbsition in society. A nd without this
militant labor o ~ganizationis impossible. Therefore,
be it
R esol~ed, T hat t he Trade Union Educational
League, in its first National Conference, uuequivocally condemns t he Gompers"olitica1 policy a s fatal
to the success of the trade union movement and calls
upon t he workers of America t o take the necessary
steps for engaging in a militant campaign of independent working class political action.
.
Adapted.
Shop Commitaer
Whereas, The prevailing system of local union
organization of all workers of a given category,
without regard to shop or factory units, leaves untouched one of the sources of latent solidarity which
should be brought?nto play in the life of the unions;
namely the natural cohesion of the workers on the
same job, and
Whereas, I t has be%n found by experience that 'a
system of organization by c ~mmitteesfrom each
shop, or each chief division itf each shop, combined
together to form the local anions for each locality,
has the eBect of reinvigorating the o rgantation,
handling the workers' affairs incomparably rxiore
efficiently, and of bri$ng
n ewer and wider elements into active pilrticipation in t he life of the
arganization, Therefoie be it
Resolved, T hat we support the principle of organization on the basis af shop committees, or shop delegates in all industries where such a plab ean be
worked out effectively, and we recommend to our
members: that such practical plans be developed and
the united support of them by all progressive elements be secured through the T U, E L
.
.
Adopted.
-
-
ment the necessity of amalgamation, and to lay plans
IndurtriPl Unionism
T he Firat National Conference of the Trade Union
Educational League declares whole-heartedlp for the
principle of industrial unionism. The prevailing type
of organization by crzifts no longer. can fulfill the
needs of the working class in its struggle for o
higher standard of living and more freedom. Cansolidation of t he workers along t he lines of industry
is one of the most imperative needs sf the present
situation in the ela,ss struggl?
..
,
_
-.I
��16
, T H E L A B 0 1L H E R A L D
September, 1922
September, 1922
modern methods of production and sci'entific distribution of the goods thus pto&uced, t here would be
T he Trade Union Educational League m r e s s e s 1 9 excuse today for oae human being to be in want.
1
it5 complete sympathy and solidarity w ith t he strik- Yet we find in this, the richest country in the world,
ing railroad shopmen. T he railroad companie% t yp- hunger and want rampant, and t ke m ost apalBng
ical capitalistic . kploiters, have no regard whatever ignorance and degradation, unparallelled unemployfor the human needs of the workers. They are ani- ment, and a general social demoralization. Millions
mated only by their own greed. They want profits of workers on the street, millions of women and
and more profits, regardless of the fact that their children reduced to bitter need. Poverty and humilinsatiable lust for wealth means t he enslavement of iation for the workers, while the ~ a r a s i t i cdIe rich
i
the great mass of t he people. In self-protection the revel in luxury such as human history has never
workers m ast resist the encroachment of the para- known before.
sitical owning elements. W e note with satisfaction
Production for private profit, which, by its insenthat the shopmen a re developing a true nnderstandsate greed, its anarchic tendencies and its ruthless
i ng of the real situation and are defending them- disregard for the most elemental rights of its slaves,
selves accordingly.
causes these fatal contradictions, must go. I t must
But -we m ust also point out one great lesson in be replaced by a scientific system of production for
the present struggle. While the seven shop unions use and distribution according to need. The accomare valiantly battling the united exploiters, nine plishment of this task presupposes the creation in
other organizations, numbering some 1,000,000. mem- the minds of the workers of an ideal of emancipabers, have remained at work and a r e helping the tion and the development of working class organizacompanies in t heir fight against the s triking shop- tions to t he point where they can win from the
men. This is an inexcusable situation. Nothing b ut master class control of i ndustry and all which that
profound stupidity, or worse, on the part .of the implies.
I
I
trade union leadership, ie responsible. W e call upon
W orkers' control of industry must inevitably dethe nine c rafts still a t work to rally t o the support
Here is the revoluof their ,striking brothers, and we nrge the railroad velop into a workers' republic.
tionary ideal for the working class: W orkcrs' conworkers as a whole to prevent such a sad state of
a ffairs developing again, with part of their number trol of industry; production for use i nstead of profit;
working and the rest striking. This can only be ac- abolition of the capitalist system; and the institucon~plishedby merging all the railroad unions into . tion of a workers' commonwealth.
.
Adopted.
one body. The very life of railroad unionism de- '
mands that this be done.
Adopted.
Report o Defense Committed
f
T he R ailrod S trib
The Coal Strike
3
T he First National Conference of the Trade Union
Educational League congratulates the coal miners
on the. splendid spirit manifested by them in their
recent great strike. Never have the workers of this
country risen to greater heights .of solidarity, never
has the country been made to understand mare
clearly the debt that it owes to the toilers. Although
the struggle has not resulted in a complete victory,
a t least the violent drive of the "open shoppers" has
been checked. This in itself is no mean accomplishment in these days of black reaction. But this truce,
now coming t o pass, is only temporary. Soon the
employers will be on the offensive again. And when
the next great struggle develops the miners must be
ready to fight even more 'valiantly than they have
this time. By their gallant struggle the coal miners
have undoubtedly preserved the whole trade union
movement from destruction. Had t hey been fainthearted and had they yielded in the battle, the employers, tremendausly encouraged thereby, would
have raged against all other trade unions until the
movement generally was crushed. W e hail the battling miners.
Adopted.
The Workers' Republic
Capitalism must go. The system of production
for private profit, whatever justification it m ay once
have had, has outlived its usefulness, and today is the
direct cause of su'ch misery, crirne and social injustice, as history has never before recorded. With
R eporting on a letter received from the American Civil Liberties Union, signedl by Norman Thamas, Robert Morss h v e t t , Roger Baldwin, a nd Scott
Nearing, offering the services of that organization
to the League t o contest the action of the federal
and state authorities in arresting Foster for alleged
participation in a secret convention in PBichi@n, t he
committee reports that the offer be accepted and
thanks extended for the same.
T he Committee further r ecol~mendst hat the T.
U. E. L. t ake a n active part in defending all its
members who may be arrested it1 this deliberate
attempt af t he authorities to destroy our movement,
and t o this end it proposes that the Seck-Treas. b e
auhorized to raise a defense fund a nd t o k eeb a separate account of same, and that he take the necessary steps to engage counsel and to make all other
provisions t b asist in t he d efmse of any members
of the League who may be persecuted on account
of t heir activity in the movement. In addition, the
delegates to the Conference a r e urged to work for
p rotest meetings a nd o ther expressions by central
labor bodies in their respective vicinities.
Adopted.
The time of adjournment having arrived,
and as t he Chairman of the Conference was
about to close the session, several detectives
representing t he s tates' attorneys' office a nd
the Department of Justice, e aterqd t he hall
and took charge of the meeting, aiinouncing
t hat they intended t o arrest certain parties
present.
' \,
c
:!
I ,J
li
THE LABOR HERALD
The Raid on the Conference
(By M. M.)
T o get the full significance of the raid on the
Conference, one must review recent past events,
Since its inception but a short time ago, the T rade
Union Educational League has secured a grip upon
t he minds and vision of n ot only the radicals but
.
also the mild progressives in the A. F of L. I n all
t he principal industrial centers o f t he United States
and Canada the workers are reaching out for the
plan of the League and thousands of copies have
been sold of its official organ, T H E LABOR HERALD, not to speak of the great mass of other l iterat ure circulated. The whole movement has become
.
affected by its dynamic propaganda.
A larmed by the progress of the League, t he powers-that-be are d eterwined t o crush it. One of t he
first moves made in this direction was during the
recent western tour of Sec'y-Treas. Foster. The
latter was billed to speak in Denver on August 6th
f or t he local branch of t he T. U. E. L. About a n
hour b efore t he meting began, a nd a s h e w as r esting
in his room in the Oxford Hotel, three State Rangers,
a cting under t he direct o rders of Adjt. Gen. H am'rock, arrested hinl without warrant and spirited him
a way by automobile t o Brighton, some 29 miles
north. There he was kept all night, being denied
t he right t o c ommunicate with either lawyers or
friends. I n t he morning t he t hree Rangers again
t ook
in charge, a nd t he P arty w ent by a utomobile t o Greeley, where, in s pite of F oster's P rotests, h e w as photographed, weighed, a nd measuredAfter this outrage the Rangers then took him north
again b y automobile t o Cheyenne- I n Cheyenne
t he Colorado police, who w ere i llegdll~holding him
., o n W yoming t erritory w ithout a w arrant, l earned
t hat the Wyoming sheriff was waiting back on the
road 12 miles at the state line. The Rangers then
drove F oster back to t he s tate line w here t hey t urned
him over to t he s heriff- T he l atter, a typical CorPoration r at, instead of putting Foster on an eastbound
t rain as he was supposed t o do, drove him 100 miles
by automobile t o t he state line of Nebraska, to a
place called Torrington, where he dropped him on
t he road six
town. Foster,
his luggage
t he
t here took a train f or Omaha* w here he
in
time for his scheduled meeting.
T he general public was treated to lurid headlines
over this incident. H amrock boasted of his illegal
actions, s tating t hat "no law had been consulted."
But public opinion did not side with him. F rom all
o ver the c ountry came protests. F riends of f ree
speech and commion decency publicly o ffered their
services i n a legal fight against Hamrock. T he incident became a political issue in Colorado. And at
this writing there is a strong demand for Foster to
come back t o Denver t o speak a t a gigantic P rotest
meeting.
am rock declares that if he does he will
be a rrested t he moment h e Puts
o n Colorado
.. soil. There the matter rests for the time being.
This Colorado-Wyoming incident was clearly a
blow aimed a t the League. And it was not long
until it was followed by another. On August 20t11,
there was a train wrecked a t Gary, Ind. So anxious
were the authorities to disrupt the League that they,
without any justification whatsoever, made a raid
on its headquarters that very night, seeking evidence to connect i t up with the wreck. This raid
was staged in true Palmeresque movie style. Conlillg
like burglars in the night, an assistant states' attorney and a dozen police broke into the League offices
and ransacked the files and desks. So that none of
the effect might be lost, they came equipped with
flashlight and took pictures of themselves searching
t he office. The next d ay t he newspapers carried the
plot further by announcing in eight column headlines the connection they declared they had established between the League a nd the Gary train wreck.
They informed the trusting world that tons of radical
l iterature had been seized, pictures of Lenin a nd
Trotsky, confiscated, etc.
B ut t his a ttack f ared no better than the one in
Colorado and Wyoming. A fter examining the correspondence and other documents found in the
League office, t he states' attorney was compelled to
come out a nd admit t hat he could show n o conneetion between the League and the wreck. He had to
s tate t hat t he so-called tons of l iterature w ere no
m ore than a few letter files and the League's books.
T ~ U St his a ttempt a t a f rame-up cbllapsed.
Undeterred, however, t hose seeking t o "get" t he
League were quick t o m ake another attack. On
August 22nd, t he newspapers carried a lurid story
f rom Michigan that a group of alleged communists
had been arrested there a t a supposed convention,
a nd t hat a nother larger body had succeeded in escaping, Foster among them, and were then fleeing
t hrough the woods and sand dunes pursued by the
army. Meanwhile Foster, supposedly making a desperate getaway in t he wilds of Michigan a nd Indiana, worked daily i n t he o ffice of t he League. F inally, when swfficient of a sensation had been created,
t he police arrested F oster and held h m under $5,000
m
bond f or extradition t o Michigan, a s o ne of t he
participants in the alleged convention which was
supposedly in violation o f t he Michigan anti-sylldicalism act.
All t hese e vents created a n atmosphere o f t errorism, a nd n o d oubt t he a uthorities, a cting purely a s
a gents of the industrial interests, thought that the
T. U. E. L. Conference, scheduled for August 26-27,
be postponed. ~~t t he m eeting p ent ahead
exactly a s proposed. suite evidently even m ore
p ressure had to be brought t o b ear upon it, a nd this
was done by raiding t he hall w here t he Conference
was being held. Just a t the moment of adjournment,
t hree men entered the hall from the rear. A t all,
very t hin one, a short, s tubby one, and a burly,
heavy jowled one, quickly recognized as detective
sergeant M
~
D known f~ his under-cover ~
~
or ~
~
~
activities in t he I. W. W . a nd subsequent pari in the
t rial a nd conviction of members of that organization.
T he three detectives then combed the audience one
by one, examining each person present. The net
result mas t hat eleven delegates and visitors were
arrested and taken t o jail. There all were made to
run the gauntlet, during which they were severely
beaten. Later all but two, Earl Browder and Phil
Ahrenberg, were released. The latter were held f o r .
,
�..
r
<
4
F
r
-
-
,ST*:
r-
r.
.
' '-
a m&&
TRE L A ~ . O R
T H E LABOR BEBALD
.
c lznfroatd with a
a d rehm
MCB S m nr eorrttstly: if t h e
Gta
i
o
D aIbw the ~lEfieiials t s%nmgctrfeW
I
o
ah- &to &srwtiag f i e q r s ~ k a~ d d
b
it i
s
p-filc;
t wig a&@% flta d l saeao-im
a
c
At
&O v a a g $
we have
G Q~~PQIthe
@f
k t m a d a It6frpemphIdl~t &aI sEolfa we de not
V
vdli br en.tip1alp dmmaji~l; %d ~ !
9
T h i s 38 beczaass rsf t ! aantiqftrb&
esenMtian p
h e a pd
b m &a aeiirr$CE t~
few d
d&t ar b :B ~ ~ ~ . & P B e eaei;tied
r' I
w
laifh
s m a t 8 m s tk~c ill
w
t w o ddwtra a p i w ~ .
be fmr men - eZ~m mll ~BWSI&trists segxe~eil*e
s
23 members with junk 8 5 mu& o I
3
f
and vake
aa the: faur men r q r e s e s t l q 10bW m Yark BBM
b w ~ . Watumlb the old maWae seeks the p q e t m a£ m& a con&tkia.
H ms B a~iqg2
t
a
hgw&g
mathex gaeseiora w ta whether
o arbt it
r
t degmtaeatalke
a
the, incfumsu
trader workms, B maer Wi&s sM:
We w&
hare a$e --%:a&
&as depart-
f i i ss LlZP:
~
aflaa~he
t
ifldwis or*&&
a m , a d e~rmtlftfer t'b9
p r e n a a , the eamxim$ the b a~kbiadws~k ut
eE
-
- matrtataliaed gs&l$g mu&
e& B
s
emfive
~
& o ac
~ar&
~ m~ld,ea r @raa*& W E b
~b
t
I
he
w Em m nld act f ox %hew h e t m-
&a
a
.
g R c amedoa with, the printing trades sit-do&, Dd. %per& Poagted out the rieral fiecmsit2 a& orgrrnlzhg the aewmriters. These
m a o aupy a a e q strategic pasition 111 s ~ c i a l
l ife a d grmt efXa+ta ghBdd be eqeastg;d tom ~&&
B&&g t hem witfiin the pale a the
f
b&~.lt ararreakt. Up &'&Gs.l;iniae very tittle
m
has Been dam in thi
grspkrw Utxiaa, *he
i s d i e s QVBE the &em ~ W I .
W
L ease* submitted the program af t he migtan0 dement in the cfothi~lgadustry. After
i
caagidedle diaasrioa, it wars adopied by the
Gcsnferaace 31e i gxlinted elsewhere i thinis
s
n
h dasw m . hra~a a ta the b ndereace,
gS
q
I wm g ~iakedgat t hat
k
the p ~ at
rb
p a r a ilg.Haw m v e r n e ~ ~ t s Cmeasian h we
03
sg -the l~a@sharctn&d and
detpc'l~pa
ElOtht& Atlantic and Pacific ma&
s aile~g _
folb*g
%helsnaucrczz@isfds bike movcmen-lf
in t he% tr°ades. A a, r ~ ~ ds t , e ~ s i o n ~
s
e~
have
develope$ & apmts o-f the dincantented
workers l.la~rlebetin a bsarhd b the 1 W: W.,
y
.
bore_iand there and v ari~w ther d ad uaiam.
o
But as 'kt as %he =in- bady of the tranWar4:
w ~ t " & e w e wncerned, namely, t Street car
f~
h
men$ team$tes$, Ctc., they mars 6@abolled bp
�THE L A B 0R HERALD
,,
t he t r a n ~ p ~ &
work-
g enetd
American M QmQ*mc
~
p et a.$.waficed t o the p
their learnman i nterest
This mast nat be m mTp a weak affilistba tikg t he
s r r a n m m t , waicb p r o d n e e d mirely an ab k n d b tsleprgmr dwiog timu sf knrublg
hut a well-kdt o r p n i e i ~ a hfeh d q pzwicfr &pew
ciftcaur far jvbk skrika anion of t h tro bodieh
wh3t cauld a
dc~Iomc
slg9cPoe1* t h n a t
to be acen,sll tbrrough the -1
ritrih when t he milW C J T ~ ~ Z -d e d d l % ftrtr mile a care sf e-6
bS
s
3
uul. 03 t hdr mwn dehiment u nefl rr trt that af the
miners S P P ~ & = ~ l rtioo b the n ilrrud mon
~E
r
m"ld ha,pe
the -l @@ice in a
miSrre and the r&ilsaidt~wkera Y& be snited i.rr
M
one ermni-n.
2 R a t i ~ n ~ Agr~murta;"ESo dj&tzht a p ~ e - .
.
l
men;ntae musk be the s l ~ m naE the m ines. Coal
-mining i s EI, Isaaic nathn-al i a 8 u s e I and I t must be
ru@sd
-
-
-
&etioae&ring nlachioe go
tlte
in
tpmd
of
runningl
wwer,
ar*and the dinrigti plyins
rind seeldng to
dBveb
in kwgan o$: the adrrri&trath*
And
the
mtmble3 *q. in
fiack
&e
~w "$be DItlptemab
,hr
&& BtatG @$
k e_artremg*y
tg the
br
a;ta8
fils in
b4ilridu91
=painem
b
.
di.(rktr m dircctll elea
nrosaav
for their twritorp, Thr "p9-roll Fate.a
m t be a b B m e d i & uni&d
n
workegsf
o
America,
q
.
Seuc-rril dele
n the 8itmtim
ae-me%.t;zl 2aiag & strict
m
t;he ~ esrr. n
is
hmdJfd W
qo*iWtwGd@ 111 i ndugfn
a ndergone a stormy d;eVt~QPmcnt
B E - ~ Q ~ S ' armmats about c~mpafdfiaft r(aeen
b
cars# Orwfially highthe ~ ariau%fields. Their
Qr diistriot a g ~ l e ~ a i t m hdaring the past
~ J T~ r@niz*d, f r b~T Z kist 2me.tif:oUy ;&If
~
is f s m d d u3)on the de~ir-et a &id@ O w&rs.
&
They know Ekat if t hey can rees,2%bWt he system i ts wiL?ei@m. H ere sfid there i s a ~emmnt
af a!% &st& ~ tfjIr'~~lg the FW* are morkiig, of the 1ntl.tern;iPkgaI
whjIa
of Mine,
rSz;
the m e r of
Zfhiwd k f h g W ~ r b r i
bp.
farme-Jy
We&am Fedb a x d m-le lmiw 08Beall
aha' a tte+aand
.
of Mi
a pawesfa~ rmieatioa
o
@f the h s r w f a s &iFtriet q&rt!eopenta*ao m n &b
ay
There & aLo same sentimeat in the i g s p ~ t r ~
loluring &e big s ~rike,are agBats pf
emplwers
f or t he 1 W.W d thowh this body ha%ittle
.
.,
l
and traitor&$a a ~lr uma In t he early h 8.s
m
rnents weft! w d i : Betwetln Zadhidrsal ngemtwk a ad or .no .real o r ~ i = a t i a n ,ne a& H g Unirsn
- Q ;h
heal uniens, thea b~ stlb-bi&tr.riets, lrt by disMeks,. ~ k e w j s e ;rB a small gollqwmga .e
n
h
ipl
aoren
-
workers,
I
.
"
c GOmdttM
a
-
F
-
i
weatusllr hp I n@r-dfstri~ts~d 61salIr a n a h i ~ ~ a l
m
settlemaat aras arbvet3 at. 81 t b t w as prag~raemsin a11 agreed tIwt t he indazstrq. is now f s ~ s o l i n ~
1
t~ ~
the riBt d ireetia TB r etrmt naw $ram the gdn- a d f b t a s pledid o p ~ ~ ~ form r ip n i ~ ; a p.
c f ~ l ef national ogrttements ~ m j be a steg back- lion a s ~ t g - w n F- F"-,nnne, of Butte9 twas
o
d
ward and a disastrtracrs &stakeg tllerglly agreed rxpan as t he one man best
3. ~
~ O ~ a n g r a dm
~
am@&i$a: f t & iwILa11~~ CBpHe Of canducting OuL3hl .wlmpaiv, TIle
~
~
~
~
n=sxafy t b t pbns be laid to b rbg iatm t e mineDmiag ~ $ . ~ i ~ ~ &Bs linstmakd
~
@;anip8~tionhe great; am^ -.E)T_lrO-lt-unitw miners.
t
t c ~ o w h t 6 i e r it csrrild t o i n;awrate: a camd
D1xri-n~ e big # bike t hac taxverickt, w r a m w n ~
b
n*l o
tb one-tMrd a all d t l ~ r ~ hrwf~ned the c ~ u s P p ~ i f or a r ~ a ~ ~ i ~ aOi o n d brgachcs af
b
t,
p
t wn& l
with destrmtbn. Mort a thh u norpnimho has tlze metal miners,
f
'
3
,
.:
h'
Boot and S h a Trades
Del. Canter gave a partial report on the
oot and shoe industry of
e s tated that the propaganda
ion EducationaI League is
nd effect on the independent
u stry. B ut a short time tiewas for them to split and
different factions developed.
Now, however, due largely to the League's
work, a new spirit of solidarity is showing itself. The independents are getting together
t o f0r.m a n ew organization, t o be known as
the AmaIgamated Shoe Workers of America.
This body will start out with a fair-sized and
militant membership. Likewise, considerable
of the former bitterness against the A. F. of L.
union, a feeling bred from many unfortunate
experiences in the past, is now disappearing.
Instead of wanting to destroy the old organization, the sentiment is now developing for
an amalgamation with it. Sec'y-Treas. Foster
stated that he had received a very complete
report on the unions and recent struggles of
the workers in this industry, but unfortunately could not present it t o the .Conference because it had b ees seized by the police during
t he raid on the League headquarters. By a
motion, t he conference instructed the incomi ng National Executive Committee to get in
touch with the militant elements in the boot
and shoe industry, in order that a practical
plan of operation might be worked out to
produce the necessary solidarity among t he
demoralized workers i n t his i mportant indust rial branch.
Textile 1 d u ~ W
Sec'y-Treas. Foster reported that some t wo
weeks before the opening of t he Conference,
he had 'received a complete and authoritative
w rite-up of the complicated situation i n t he
t extile industry, but that report, like the
one on the boot and shoe industry, bad fallen
i nto the hands of the police, hence it could n ot
be presented to the Conference. Del. Canter
w as then called upon t o give a g eneral view
of the situation in the New England section
o f'the industry. He stated that the textile ind ustry i s one of the t wa m ast i mportant in
New England. There are a number of indea s well as the static a rganizapendent
tion affiliated t o the American Federation of
Labor.
same g et-together spirit manif esting itself in t he boot and shoe industry is
also a t w ork a mong the textile workers. The
need for a consolidation of the scattered forces
was strikingly illustrated in the great textile
s trikes. These were conducted pr.incipally by
the United Textile W orkere (A. F?
L.!,
of
21
One Big Union, and Amalgamated Textile
Workers. The One Big Union s ~ c u r e dquite
a grip in Lawrence, Mass. This is a radical
center, and has had a stormy experience w ith
unionism. In the early days the old United
Textile Workers had big strikes there. Then,
in 1912, came the historic walk-out of t he
I. W. W. A fter that, in 1919, t he Amalgamated Textile Workers succeeded in winning t he
support of the workers and leading them into
a big s truggle. And i n 1922, i t w as the One
Big Union to which they principally a ttached
their hopes in Lawrence. During the recent
strikes much jangling took place between the
rival organizations. This bitterness reached
the point w here the organizations picketed
each other's headquarters. Now due largely,
to League influence, a better spirit is developing a mong t hem. A b ig wave of amalgamation sentiment is spreading over the indhstry.
T he workers are tired of the old program of
s plitting away and forming new groups. They
now want t o affiliate together. So far this
amalgamation sentiment has not made the
best headway in t he United Textile Workers,
but the determination it3 t o see to it that tthe
militant workers penetrate this organization
a s well a s the independents, so t hat i t can be
infused with the new s pirit, On motion, the
National Committee was instructed t o t ake
the necessary steps to work out a definite plan
of consolidation in this industry.
Food Sndustry
T here being no delegates from this industry
present a t t he 'Conference, the discussion of
it was of a general character and inconclusive.
It w as recognized that t he broken-up condition of the unions, with several independent
organiza'tions o perating in competition with
the A. F. o f L, body, that the question of developing a united front is a real problem, one
that can a nly be worked out after a careful
consideration of the situation. Accordingly,
the National Committee was commissioned to
survey the industry and to get into t ouch
w ith ail the militant elements possible preparatory to enlisting them in a definite work
of bringing about solidarity and organization
of all branches of the food werkars.
Amusement Trades
No delegates being present from this indus- .
t ry, the same course was taken as in other industries where no definite survey was before
the conference. The matter was referred t o
the incoming National Committee to work out
a program. Del. W alker urged that the moving picture industry be given consideration
when such a p rogram was b d n g considered,
I
�THE L A B 0
and to attract the still outektndinp crafts, i t departmentalized itself along t he Haea 65 t he British
un-ions ment4oned above. The fallowing are the
departments
established: (1) Architects, engstineers, technicians, f ~ r e m m tsrvegers ; ( 3Zxcauas~
Z)
t i p workers, tunnel. workers, e t ~ (3). Building ma;
kari%l werkers, cement workers, brick makers, lime
M n workers, quarry m en; (4) Stone cutters, stone
setters, rammers and pavers, asphalt workers ; ( 5)
Elricklayers, masons, plasterers, t ite layers, concrete
workers, m m i c workers ; (6) Trades eugagged in t he
instiillation for betit, O h t and w ater; (7) Carpent e n and other wood workers; (8) Rocifera and C h i ney s weqers; ( 9) Paintem a& ddccorstora.
The German Bnilding Trades F ederadm is now
carrying QB a a~goa~orrs
campaign far contgIete amalgamatioe s t he several w arts still otrts&nding
f
Some of tbaq notably t he painters1 have voted to
go along m*th t k proposition. B at tBa carpgnfers,
a re the brg strunbling block. T h& a f c k % a re fighting t he prapasitian t w t h and nail, But t he heads
Worrsrr' union , '<
of t he a m ~ I p t s a t e dqrm-tiam
s t r ~ c arrying on
the campaign for solidarity r e w d f e s s of them. AIready they have succeeded i witmizag tke swppart
n
trf many of the local orpniZa*ns
of carpentars,
Recently thieir official psper declared: ""The cause
of delay toward amalgamation h a generaUy beea
t he permnal a ppodtioa af u ~imn fgEia1~. Amalga0
m a t h m o t e q e , i f not with t h m tkm 38 spftc
s f .f&mpn
A a s h OF
Pion
As gar% as W3 t he
greater sofjdatity
amang the. bullding t rades werkms prras e ~itlcnfand
Drl. 0 Sl Tolemoe s ameedd in b v i n g the lie8ttlc
.
f
Convention 00 t he B 1 i Trades
d dw
*
t he A, F, of L m dorsc the pzineipl
.
tion in a r e s o l u l i ~calling f a t he fusion of t he
many building trades unions hto s;k g ~oupr,uiz,
B das~ngsaup, Iron p u p , P ipe F itting and Power
group, Building FMshirsg group, and Woad WorWng
proup. Nad this tmolutioa beea put into e E~et, he
t
whole history of t he building tr8des 8trug.gle would
have been differeat, But a s it was not, we have suff m d it~cording1y. W hat w e m est do now is t o
proceed aabstamtk11y a hng t h e lines indicsted .by.
t he Seattle r eaalwha, hy jdjoiaing all t he buiirl'mg
&ad@ anions i nto one body cansiatine: a ef anumber
f
of S P C C ~ dm&ptmmts, besed upon t he same
J~~~
prinezples as tkose crf tfsc Eump.erm unioas abave
noted. W peoposs the PallwIreg graapTng of the
e
trades ia these d qrPtments, n ss s blue prigt prop&
osition to Be followed maetb* but as an hdieation
o the general w ursc t o be r % k a Wbt?atmr two
f
srpnizzrtioas have w t e d f ar ~ml@mt;m,
these
two ahauld irnmediatelp jpin togsthw and s et the
example f or the others, TIIS pramad depvtrnents
am:
I
I
I;\
(1) Enifding M ~ t e r h I gpt., b rhlanakw, qngrry
D
ments in colamon would be simplified an& conducted wurkers, m o e l it workt;rs,
mea; (23 B ddinjg
Finisheke aad M a i n t e a a o ~frepr, painters, paper
hangers, demzators, g hzlers, art glass wrctrkers, eomp ositbn tiaafers, asphalt, slate a ~ l d le m.aofers, janid
tors, Clkaatw m ratars, frank d esner$, d ~ i ~ l d o ~
6 Through smglgamation a solid basis could be - h e r s ;
.
0 r l\tr&wI UYiLsg a nd General La1
established f ar t he sociatiartion of the building inBept:* ggehert~ll ah~mrhwreckers, sewer and
t urn& minftrs, tmmstm#;
Wmd 'Working Dept.,
carpent ws, cabinet ma&=, lathers* pile drivers
(5) Pipe Fitting. and P awer Depk, asbestos workers
electrical workera, f ixtam hangers, kclisting ensin-
-
�e r ~ i b n vements, the organization of the h i l w a y
w
bows and arrows.
EmpbyeesP Department, the agreements behveen
the f oar Brothsthoods, a d now the consolidation
af t he $ of li. 3 . with t he B. of L3.& & W e must
o
3
fall i nline with t h 9 process and reco&niZc its inessa$&&lle onCtWn, which is one union f ar all tailc
Po+$ wmkgr9, : O w task is to work ce;rsclessly for
;ta eer%''st$tg?~ i ndst upon the amalgamation
ofs'fhi: se&Wm ~ ilpoad otims into one mighty, allu
.*
helusixe 'orga&zation.
Swme B d 5 of A dzamation
&fan$ advantages would c s m ~ o t he workers
t
itlirewh a generot merger of t he sixteen w iona
Chief of .these, of course, would be f ar g pwtsr in&strial power. Amalgamated ~rganizationsa re alwaps infinitely- stronger than federated bodies. The
p e a t war furdished a striking illastratian of this ~ ~ ~ c i p A e first tbc Allied a rmia operated praclt .
ticallp' a s otltanamous' wits, Rut there was too
much confusiaa and too tittle ~ w e r ,l h m ~ressp
ure won forced thsm t o f ederate' But even fhi-s
did not give the smaoth working m e c h ~ m ecn
essary €0 concerted action and t n h a P O W .
So finally, when it seemed as if the qar was almost
lost, they all had to amalgamate into one body o lder
one general staff, This brought results. Thereby ,
the streqgth of t he combined armies was treoled or
quadrupled, and the fate of the h t r d Empires
was sealed. Bnd s o it would be were t he railmad
unions amalgamated; their present strength is hard- .
b an indication of what their s e a t might &en
would be. It would be the: old r tory over again of
the strxnds of hemp, which, while separatk, art
easilp broken, but which, bound together i nto a
-rope, a n n o t be tofu asunder. Comple'te s a@ &l m
tion would give the railroad workers many times
the power of the przsrrnt m ift unions. Anoth.er irapbrtant benefit of amalgkmation would
be the elimination of jurisdictional disgqte3 betweea th* failsoad trades, For years these internecine q wrels, a cancer of the labor mavm@,
have sucked the life-blood of railroad Labor, while
the companies have chuckled i glee. But amalma
mation, the broad highway t a solidarity, WDuld p at
a speedy end to them. Once the railroad workers
w e all in one argxmimtion, there would never again
be s e w t he sad spectacle of oae group of trades
working while the rest are striking. That disgrace
would be gone forever.
! US& Ehe SopP
f
d
i
We must look the situation squirely in the face
and act accordingjy. There ia one way, and one
w ar only, in which we can defeat the offsndte of
the companies, and that is to develop our full power
by thoroughly uniting o w own forces. We must
bring about unity d action a m n g t he entire army
of railroad workers, from the mgineer to the section
hand. Like the employers, we will have to act as
a solid body all over the country. To do this requires iplperatively t hat we draw together our s mttered a ~ divided forces into one .enormous organization of all c Ias~esof railroad workers. Such, a
gigaalotic combination w odd Pot only st09 the "open
shop" drive of the compaaies, but it would also nnable the y orkers t o forge ahead to new Conquests,
I t would 'be invincible. With t he I M railroad'
m)
,O
wprkers standing unikrd and making common came
tagether, there would be no industrial power 14 the
-try
a b h to w iWtan4 them. The creation of
t h b powerful organizatioq would begin a new era
of accomplishment8 not only for r d r o a d workers
but for the whole k bor movement.
Such a great railroad union would B sti'ictb
e
feasible. Tbe employers have been able t o combine the financial and technical sides of the industry.
Surely, thea, the workers have the iatel&ence t
o
S wItdUi~, E,
&
*
lZacme~sap
unite the human side of it. Indeed, the best proof
A f urther advanwge of sxna&asmtion would be
t hat i t can he done, is the f act that in many coun- the practical %il*
of dual u nio~ism. The longtries the railroad workers a re already organized in rtanding tendency of s e c h s of workers splitting
single grwt unions covering. every eategofg of the o g from the unions a nd starting l m b odie~i a
a
s
service. All that is needed is the will, and a little serious menace, It ha* weakened the n nbns m atk rse sense. Yet the thing must be gone at intelli- l by withdrawing tliowands s g o d w o r k s E
y
f
r
m
gently. To simply desert t he old uaions and to tr;r them. So seriocls is this menace that same day, un. to or@tl$e o e n d a perfect o ~mnization,s a fatal less it is ch%cked,i t may burst forth int0.a devastati
mistake. That way lies dualism, &ruption, and ing confizgration t hat will destroy railroad uniondemoralhatioa W e mqst act ia accordance plrith ism altegetbex. D u d unionism is peculiarly a distrade m ion evolution, We must stay in our crld ease of craft unionism. E\gy t he most p art i t is a
unions and work d iligedy t c~merge them together striving, however ill-advised, for greater solidarity.
through amalgamation. For almost forty pears the Amalgamatian, by achieving this solidarity, would
railroad organkatians, in a hundred d i e r e n t ways, d edroy the vwtry foundations of dualism. The launchhave been gradually uniting their forces and ex- ing of a general a malgamath would be the signal
panding their fight*
front. Their ultimate, in- for most, if not all, s f the independent organizaevitable goal is a solid organization of all workers tions to j oin forces wt it.
ih
'in the railroad industry. That is the real m n i n g
Still another advantage of a ~ l g a m a t i o nwgutd
of the developmwit of the system and &vision fed- be great financial economies in t he operation of the
.
. .L '
L
'
�THE LABOR HERALD
P R O C ~ S SOF A M A L G A M A T I O N
FIGURE 1-PRESXNT
FIGURE 2-FIRST
STATUS QF UNfONS
STAGE O F AWALGAMATIQN
FIGUaE S-mNfi STAGE OF AMALGAMATION
�_,a
'
-
.
28
THE LABOR
t he companies, and which would have cgotrol of
their strike activities. The greater part of their dues
they would pay into t he
union, a s-it
be the most active in their behalf, but they .wuuld
also continue to pay a portion of them into t he old
c raft unions, to help fi;qaqce t he l atter ih t heis battle
t o m aintab good conditions for these trades in other
industries. T hat is to say, they w oild - have a
double affiliation, belodging t o both t he rafioad industrial union and to thail: respective c raft worn,
t o correspond to their double interests a s &&bad
workers and of
who a re likely a t a ny
time t o be workiqg in other industries. This F'inciple i s in harmony with the best practice a ll over
' the world in working o ut this problem Insfead of
injuring the type of unions of which only one p q t
of t he membership work on t he railroads, t he mal@mation proposed would actually s trength= them.
There a re
a@@;ainstmalgamaa
tion, but there are a hundred reasons in favor of ii.
the
On the
even the
have
gain by =rering
their S~~~~~ Organizations. F urther Progress of railroad workers
a s a whole depends upon t he realization of a penera1 a malgamadon,
*"
-
,
i
''
HOWto Bring About Amalgamation
,
,
-*
-.
H ERALD
Septqbber, 192%
I
h p l t t i n g the & y l g m S o n
-.
F3gur.e ~ 'indicatnst he s itwtion
* ~ u l d py;t?el
a&er t he sixteen executives had been combhe* i nte
0°C body*
d one thi: r est d & .:iekB
fi2-j t he m s i ~ of +he amaL;;r=,@xn
n
$ff%&
4
~ ~ O U aItlifi6ations <af t he organizationsZ,&&@& p rorS
ceed in a slow a nd oal'id$d faSb30n.
bmissio~
m ight b e ap@~tt?d t o c o n d ~ ~ t " i &~ .
b r%duall~t he
d aboxate organizing . f ~ c t swo&%%e joined .tog e & ~nto-.oa.e m e c h h s a a nd-the many journals
i
c~mb@t?d"into one ,powetful publication. Likewise
t he system- and division 'federations would be
c h n g e d a nd expanded in ~ ccordancewith the new
refatib4ships. B 'u~m ost f mportant of all, t he bar';en between the various cdosely related t rades
woi.'ld be gradually dissolyed, mtionally and locally,
a nd t he number o f d e ~ a r ~ a reduced. A t first,
ts
a s we have pointed out,
sixteen organizations
could a ct a s so many &partments o f t he genera1
organizatioe B~~ as the amblgamation became perfected a nd t he t rades came t o know a nd understand
each other better, maay of these departments could
be merged to good advantage. l-he ~~~i~~~~~and
F iremSqndght be combined into one department;
t he Goadnctors, Trainmen and Switchmen into a no ther; and as fast as the metal trades unions amal' gamated nationally their respective departments in
t he railroad unions would be consolidated accordingly. Eventually the number of departments could
be reduced probably t o a s low a s s k , viz-: En&=men; Train Service; Train Control; Office, Station,
F reight and Express; Mechanical Trades ; a nd Maintenance of Way.
29
'
I
LnD:
-
That we f avor the amalgamation
covering
the entire railroad
+
.
to
I
p ut this amalgamation into efFect.
411 Dakota Building,
St. Paul, Minnesota.
ac
r:
T he actual amalgamation of t he sixteen railroad
unions will involve a great amount of preliminary
educational w ork T he membership generally must
be made to clearly understand w hat the project
means. W hen t his is done, they will be f or i t wholeh eartedy. T he tactical goal of this educational camp aim should be the calling of a general convention
FkYure 3 illustrates t he completed amalgamation,
of the railroad unions, a t which all of them should
W e make no claim that it is absolutely exact in
be merged i nto one
body. ~h~ diagrams
a ttached herewith will help us t o understand some detail. Experience may demand its modification i n
of the moves t hat t he convention w ouldpobably . certain minor respects, s uch a s. changes in t he fineup of the groups in the varfous departments, o r in
have to makc
t he manner of election or the number of members
F igure 1 shows t he Present unorganized s tate of on t he executive council. But t he general principles
our unions. Even a glance a t it demonstrates clearly of t he plan will stand. T he system of one union of
how i l l - ~ r e ~ a r e d e railroaders a re to make a several departments, each ,containing two or more
w
united fight. T hink of t rying t o map out a unified related trades, and with one executive council covpolicy agilinst t he solidly organized companies ering t he whole organization, is the only possible
t hrough t he tnedium of sixteen d ifferent executive means for t he railroad workers t o develop the soliboards, a utonomou~and independent of each other,
a nd unity of action necessary t o cope suesave for faint "understandings" among the Brother- cessfuIly with the mighty a m b i n a t b n of railroad
hoods a nd the unsatisfactory alliance of the shopmen in the Railway Employees' Department. This
thing is impossible on the f ace of it. So long as
If all the sixteen unions cannot be induced to go
such an unscientific condition exists, the railroad into t his project simultaneously, a s many as posworkers will never be able to pat up a united front sible ahould b e brought in. The plan fits partial
against the companies. The first task of t he amalga- amalgamations as well as a complete merger. If
mation convention would be to end ahis deplorable only a few of the t rades a gree at first to amalgas tate of affairs by literally breaking down the walls mate, they can go right ahead organizing themselves
between the executive officers of the various ulions. on t he departmental plan and awaiting the time
I t,would have to provide for the election of an when the rest see the light and come in to comexecutive csuncil t o represent all the trades, and plete t he organization. In fact, we should do m eryt o consist of two or three members from each or- thing possible to further all movements to close up
ganization participating. This would bring about the ranks of the railroad unions. Movements to conunity in the administration and enable the workers solidate t he Brotherhoods and t o bring them into
to stand together as one body. Merging the execn- the A. F. of L t o amalgamate the metal trades, to
,
tives would in itself constitute half of a malgam- s trengthen t he Railway Employees' Department by
tion. W ith that accomplished, the sixteen organ- giving it more money and authority, etc., should be
izations temporarily could be left practically intaCt, b e heartily encouraged as s teps i n the right dircceach to function as a department in the gcneral tion. But in doing such detail work we should never
railroad union, and each maintaining its own stand- forget our ultimate goal of eventually bringing all
ard of dues, benefits, e t a
t he existing railroad unions into a joint convention
YOU
were secession movements
organizations which had no
. ;The
m ass
O N TNIS PROP-
regoing amalgamation
n1a.n a t the earliest possible dzte, and to this end
it advocates the following practical measures :
I . T hat amalgamation committees shall be
on an intensive work
1
,
C
'
the present craft unions
Likewise you must discount & arguments Of
those who say that federation is the highest t ype
of organization. Now, federation is all right so far
i goes. ~t has done much to acquaint t he trad=a
!
with each other and to teach them that they have
a common fight to make. But it is only a n intermediate stape between t he primitive staft. of c raft
isolation and that of the final amalgamation of all
trades. W e must go on beyond federation and actually join all our unions together. That is the inevitable course of labor development. This is corning t o be better and better recognized. Within the
last couple of months the Chicago Federation of
L abor together with scores of other central bodies
and hundreds of local unions, have endorsed the
~t their recent couvetlof
tions, t he International Typographical Union and
the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks did the same.
Likewise the B. of L. F. & E. have just decided t o
fuse with the B. of L. E. M any other organizations
will soon take the same course. Amalgamation is
now t he greatest issue before Railroad Labor.
Amalgamation is the only effective answer Railroad Labor can make to the "open shop" drive. Indeed, t he issue is clear and sharp. F or us i t is either
amalgamation or annihilation. Which shall i t b e?
It is up to you to determine. W e are confident of
your decision.
Discuss this matter in your meetings; take it UP
through your international journals; instruct Your
officers and delegates to work for amalgamation
wherever they may be; have your local unions, local
federations, system federations, division o rganka-
'
T hat the thousands of local unions,
system federations, etc. that have endorsed the
plan insist
the
of all the c raft
union journals to a discussion of amalgamation.
3. T hat a special weekly publication be
established to &rry on and systematize the
propaganda f or amalemation of the railroad
unions.
4. T hat vigorous efforts be put forth looki ng to the taldng of referendum votes in
the respective railroad unions for the calling
of a general railroad a m a l v t i o n convention.
1f these meanrres are
intelligently
and aggressively i t will be only a short while
until the great body of sentiment for a3nakgV-mtion now existing among the railroad workers is
amplified and organized so that it will lead direedy to the achievaent of the inevitable and
indispensibie goal of the merging of all the railroad unions.
2
.
-
T he ~ ppearance o f T E ~ . B O RH'RAL~ ww
~
deloYed by €he police r aas, in addition t o the
delay c awed by amaa'ting the results of the Not iond Conference. Readers w ill pardon the %aaz~oidableinconvenience,
yest
that
fiothirzg but f i y t h ~fitef'ferefzceo f the same kind
i
w ~ Z Z c ame delay i% the ficture.
�-
'i
l
q?
i
*
-
a-
THE L A B O R H E R A L B
Jj
#&I
P attern
r$* W
t
Workerr. E k r l r i d G o r h q
E bvator %stewtor&
pundry Ekaplweest S tatimam &
I
gineers, S ationary Fireman; ;FdetaJ PolisheseI Stov: Mounter%
Auto and Atr Craft ~ b & e r s . M ecbnicd Eusrgmeers and
Draftsmem* Jewelt~l W wkds, W ~ t e k aik~lrftd many other
M
organi-aatbnsunions, nw r ais a hundred and 'me W erent ways
All t aese of s i o i mgortsncc.
s imu~taneousi~, reate Cbafusion worse amfcru4dc.d. C h c
tlgde* f or a moment a g mup of atusieisna, 4 t h v b l b q drums;
horns, chrionets, harps, belle. etc.. and, soeb perfarmer
- f+
p e m usk, orihilut ~wi h e r r o 8 d
E it, q
t t i m hmevw he
-.
I teel Workm.
S
E k s&inery a n& z n&e
BuW&~
Under such circnmsltonces
insane asvlum.
'ktd ane union **kin&
t hs o thers stay
a pj~gli, and n evw r imperatlag on
when & q_saqe
ia a fi&t amthpsrelvcu.
'
t m l v f o r %a
waft d a a i s m
b would be able tp
far more
Ts 'jq a s f&h,
at& craiifts
E Y~w.
L.
helisvable.
The '~"arbua ewer waft @~a# whtch a*mdmmgted i nto
$
the Germ& Metal Workma' T m %a& r muitiwde of inM,
t o s uch a m ibn: s urancr and f r a t 4 f wiku~er. Te mcnlttserate a ll t ke &@'~cwute
.*
+ercnS $cheers8 r rS due% prern%uraa, mm~$wd unemploymwrt
f
Wwrights
beaefits, a& a f W a mule makk 8nr+ dirrsy- Y t t hem w r m
e
~ c w p.Lc0i. P w a h R Dluinf..~
l
all hatsdlc4 wfthaut the l u s t W m b , 4
lees t han halY
Bgolskrs, l r a s g h ZCC.
,
I z8,Wl
the atigiaal d
a a wanrte fmteraat bmmfit deP attern X akers
%'f,EtO
p&xbment, B m
uggest that A mdcon brains are
BIackglshi.~ht, For* -B&mnpzr, ddern
W
E Zla4ZI
g r Of inkl&ent m g m h a e w ?
~~
B oil~1wIrws
T&WS
T
tb
EItr:tr%aaa
~ , ~ 6 4 he objkstiara fh& o ~ ~ a l g a x n a 05 the metal taa&r a d
w d d spLiP t he craha a d brwk asunder
M etd BlI$hErs, B e e f $ , Grindera
#@,'1135 raQroad t r&g
of 1 8 . k ~ . i s rWculotis. T gp
Wet% Tmdm &.preakjees
,
. BII.691 variDus a aturd -binst-Lons
wortld
J twelrx Workera ail w ades
R T M metal workers, oa tPLE railigsdw fm O ~ ~ U ~ O E ,s till be
members of the m e 4 wbrkezrr' d o n . B ut t h y weald also
S trtionsry .E d n e e r s
=,DM
l
S tafianrm F&?men
t191191SIG b e afL%ia+ed with ~ m f h d wwdwxr' d m , pisyhg mrt
Crammen
gT,@m sf tseit dues into b ath o r ~ 4 a t h n s . %e acwuple: mae&ini sts and blacksmiths laiaghg 8 m ntract s heg and gaing on
A r r t d a l e Faciory, s hi-skilled
&bkg,%l$
Oa a railread t a w k , would merely t wmsf~t. nto a local Qf
i
G unsmitb
4W
,
t he r a S d department, ond t hrre~ftei; instead of d tbei
l
Semi-Sidled ecSechan:es
% Tk,I69
Urccbbery Oilers
M,UB dues &ng to t$e m eial.wurkrr, p art wrmtrI be pakt t o the
f allwad workers. Tkey wotild becow* p art pf the r a i a d
&signers, Drrr.ftm& & Inventof-s
76,081
h dustry, and whii t here would be subject t o tfi8 jurFadf&m
Y ~ c h a n i c d& Efectrical Ragineers
&$'fa4
bdcrcltnral k alcmeea Emgloyeep
IQJM a+ t he railmad workms* u d m s a hr as s trikes a re canf
Car *,
semi-skixed and k lpew
161.6Zb7 ccpned. Bat they w d d b e primaaily t gembvs o thk metal
arerkem' m ian. B ath wtd w urkerd anion and railroad
Ship Buil4ing. semi-sMUd a d helpers
f182
6.&
w a r f r ~ vpawld be hbentfitted b~ ssab a n arrangeBnEnt
s~~
IW dt Steel Pactorp, s e ~ - W e d8r b elper~..
4,6
%87
-SC
.U&
sat spccifi~~
s a,nz
Jl Pbra Ot Ae'$b.r
!31,6@3
ElesW SuppIy FaoOorh, asmi-sk&d
AmnIgraraariaa shaUld bkeomt a b urning qseation in t he
Ofher Itletol factory, a tnt-rlrilled
14518
order of bueinesa st
hal
Tinware factories, s m i - s w e d
86.981
Lead a 3 Z n factofits, s erai-eMW
m ic
W.891 trades. BI QFK&~.~SDI[WI ha*
ana on recoxd.
B tass Idill help
16.961
AII delegates wrr t e d e m lrsve tand
should be L s t c t & fdr+ he
b
P a t e r s in metal. Bwtorics
K0.866
c ~svegEionsgo an record
Cbpprsr Fact6sy Help, all l&f#r
18.879
far a mzilgamatia A ll c a~tdkktteg a r i a t t m a t i o d officers
Shaal_Wcwkers, Fuenaee men, B rneWs men, H ~aters,
should be forcod to vaicc
posit'ion on t he age&aa
L&s.
P ourerr Puddlem Blaat Furmaw L adlua,
When two or mare unions
on r e c o d favorably, LmPacdmte
&a faurmce semi-skilled &b, Eolkta, Roll
a ctim s hodd bb takm to a t hat t hep m ndgomat~ 'EMS
m
&nde, &meaIs:rs and T empmz&
421.88P
w i l l help mave t he more backward organfsatiaos lata getion.
b
d
GMnd m a 1
&4?@,182 Let amaIg~~laXfDne the qcrestion t t he lime.
Metal tradesmen! P rog~esss ells you k3 actiea CUE-These-bi!&w df w wkers a re not a r g a W btca%tss we
me 8o blind th&t qei have not ye% ematmehad w r m t
g
d
t rstian o capital, i nduatrhl develogmcnt, a re mopfag b r f
i pmelmt rader tlll&c se khat as9: mn be; argraPacd O w UIlitedi w a d w ith kerriffe speed. - S tep an the
m d mter
thia t rwi tiies ~ ~ u have ruEh m u r s tssngth matiog. W o@ tfle bu&y road of w f t
ld
t b t t hey mala sooh p u.
end forever to i he damaabZr oon- t g?n *he bra& beulevard of departmentalked fadu$tt.id
d i t h s wn&w $%ti& M d *t racks workers as a Etas& a a live. U U W ~ S l n .
nn
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-
Program of the Needle Trades *
h t ' o period when t he workiag dams is bbiag dealt heavy,
m s h i n g bloffs by the a rmgant exploiters; %he&'t he upions
M bs partly gowupt end gsasrally cok%t=dh o=ciaIs %re
s u-~nbhig a n& oRcr motbey to the o$.illau@ts of tBe eapit e s t class, the Trade Union Edueotional h a m I? the only
Bepe far a r f g c a ~ t a t fsf tlte h n i e x m tr$de unto0 m we@
m eltThe League is unitiag in i ts raafts thc d l i t l m t m rkers
r o d a11 t trdes; t host edeqwts wbo alone ase wil%g ond
i
-
--
+
:
2
e qdale of reor&anizinq:' t h ~ ~ ~ ~ b m
p w r of resistance.
t d pro@am d
crying need of t he movement. fb is a bsolnhb rt&t whea
i t M a r e s &at t he labor meverp.Cnt ia E O I I ~ pi-hhM
O~
t he
alternative af a m a l p m a t h #r annihik*
In the r rrnsgle a gahst t he reaction'ary ICBdemw. Of t he
Wnnaricazi t rade union raovement, t31E mrima af the needle
trades c m play a n Emgortani rob. m m p a s d rn they w e
af a more c l a s s - c ~ i o ~ ad militant &msnt, they s &wd
ps
set an inspiring uEampk tcr m rkcrs l &her iadustriea.
a
Before t bis cag be accomplishad, hawuvcb. t b troir)ar themm-
�TAE
L ABOR
NERQLD
TLz L ~ h Herald
r
realize that they
labor movement
trades section o
I s necessary for those who seek
Facts About the American Labor
Movemen
a re for amalgamakian becaus1:
eigde of "one shop, one union" tB
The probl&nrr and .interests oE
F or example:
An enemy, B absonJs S tatistical C orporatio~z,finds it advantageous to subscribe to T HE LABOR
HERALD.
These expert advisers of the capitalist class want
to knqvy&e facts-and they know where to g&
them. k . a
w h e r our interests.
A friend, The L abor Bureau, keeps T H ELAB
file for reference on questions of
industrial unionism, and the trade union leftwing movement These expert advisers to the
labor movement also know where to get the fact
Federation-as proposed by =me of the m ion offio-ials, F a g
o r -may n ot be a atel, foiward I n the case Bf t he t yp~cal
Arrjerican c raft union. Sn t he case of t h e peedle workers,
4 0tever; i t is n et a
forward. What 3s necessary, and
w b t the s ituatba demands, is a closeiy k nit m%icatiw of
all. t h e ,needle trades.
h algamaii+n of the needle trades will increase t he s,trew&x
T
of t.eneral o rgabatiatl e r~~ilpouslp. n times of kndus
kg
st&e in a ny departgneot, t he emplpyets will bl f&eP
a n a r r w of power m determinat'iw ts win W E& t he
a
q n&as now, a eting e epa~atdy- o mot ~ Owess. m &tire
d
e
mmal and h anaial e remgth
n dons wovId be thrown
on t&c s& of t he vfozkers, a %svng/ t8%1 &toryIofeove& a?~al$lr~lati.onsf all *hei n e e wades in'to one s did
strw@€@n the l iedla %*ades themselves
. mipn nqif!I net
b h e @e pa&way $or the axnaI&amtZon gf aU the
bar
Wt@r cm#t Uni.aas in othiw i ndll6es.
.m
? & eramized- oq tbe
(59e a m ~ 3 l e 3 4 d ne,We
.
b aas of t he pl"e-setit kea of ,f1~191en, s uch a s ia&esY gartrrents d epartmwt, me-'@ eiothing workers, f wries, capmakars, etc.* with o ne ' s a ~ afsuld ared m e c entral s taft in
~'
t h e s atimal a b e , m andistrict s o m & of d t rades in &vh
l
distisi~t-would cIhiin&$e asti% d~P&atdO? of eBort, over@
l amiag,of dinin?f:t$ation, an5.d k & e t he wp generally more
tp
e %ettve.
T e W g about i&ts a m d c w a & a ithe ~ @ t ~ f t s~ every
i
m
t s agxtate for the
=
bcM union in t he ia&w&w ast $&
calling of a special convpnt%pac 8 € %a
&
&
&s in t he needle
tra6es. wGeh shall brmpMe w t e p k s f or amalgamatia?.
Replrsttntation qt suc& a t%tv6nt.m% s h d d be on the basts
of at least one delegate b r s veq. &OW ?-bet?.
,
saolp r JeIw s:*
Tke preisent fbsm bf lorn1 ox&ati00
i t he needle h a d e s
n
hair outlived its u d t h w a a@d tea n o langer )serve &e
h
purposes of t ailitaet uni-n!.im. The urrPnernirs ?awl d ivlei~ns
tens t o cause dbse-nsion in,+& ~wkpof the workers and
a .&evelop in thaal, a sgi* ~f 10caI patiie%ism which i s
m
detrimental to the worker4
w l d ~The local d o n a s
t he &it of o rgsnhation @@.bt.j$ave served a useful p.ntpose
when t& unions were $t
@
- g o a d aod i he m%mbrship
small Bgt now the loa2 unions are f argab x pliical clubs
and m srly. Beless. Us~d.Uy a T WW api%%. a membership of
10,000 FWI boast of no better atteadance at- *stjngs
then
2
die
.
.
'
i s our s l o w .
~ onso~idadon ~ ~cals;-~h+rq: re entirely ~o many loqal
of
a
uaions & t he needle t zada. We stand for the utu"ficatilm I
04 aU t he l a d s of one craft, such a s operators, p~ess~r&Dc.,
e
a d a a11 t he lucala of w e trade, 4 wh a s wt makers, dress
f
maEers, etc.
Employment B~fca=a:-We a dvwate t he estahlishamnt d
v w~1oymaet b m&as in t he enicms of t he n m e t ra&s to
e@~h&e t he p r t r s u a cute competition of t he w&ers when
they a q 1 ?~ the shops f or j obs advertised in the newsgapera.
f
"f'Iaie W @ve .tha unions cmtPoI over the jabs In the &&usD
I
t3i, a s already has heen d amnatrated ky the &nakam.&t-ed
iClothhg* Workers.
Shop Chairmtn i.n an A d t i i ~ r yCapaeit7:-Realhiag
t bat
o d y t h e u g h t he ~s@bIishlllent Elf t he shvp delegate spsteqx
can the present evils j . our unions be tlimisatfed, ahd a s a
n
step in that d irectin, we adveeate {be cstabli&ment of a
shop chairman b ~ d yto meet W guIarb md t o a ct io a n advisory capacity in t he unions. We will a b support all pror
gressive measures in the uniona, such as =pall of oEiccrg.
rcferwdums, .proportions9 ~ ~ r e s e n t a t i o o t&e h j g h r u nits
ts
of the orgamxgtion, elc.
Injunctions:-The
h e x i c a n labor m o ~ e m w t since 'Its
These illustrate t he growing interest in the
offered by THELABOR ERALDmeet t he burning questions
H
to
before the trade unions. A little light is showing in the dark
ness of the American movement, and all sides now realize that
'
THELABOR ERALD
H
is
T he One Indispensable Magazine
if they wish t o keep a finger on the pulse of events. It is the
only journal of its kind on the continent. You will h e plzd
that you sent i yoar subscription.
n
.
;
"
*'
d
r
HERALD
118 No. La Salle St., CMmgo, Ills,
I HE
LABOB
Enclosed f ind money order for
$2.50
7‘25
for
W I I ~11
-
�
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705f2e5447e25be0fdc76131f97e7297
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John Mihelic Collection, MS015
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John Mihelic was from Kansas City, Missouri and was a member of the Socialist Party. He was also involved with the Communist Party of America. The collection includes some correspondence and leftist/socialist publications from the early 20th century.
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Mihelic, John
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Labor Herald
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Communism --Periodicals.Communism --United States --Periodicals.
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Chicago, Trade Union Educational League
Date
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1922-1924
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MS015
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BOOKS BY UPTON SINCLAIR
THE BRASS CHECK
A S t u d y of American Journalism-Who
b
'
Owns the Press a nd W h y ?
you read your daily paper, are you reading facts or p rqmganda? And whose
;an< "
~ u m ~ ~ uhesraw material for your thoughts about life? k i ummt material?
te
d,
No man can ask more important questions than these; and here f ar , + " P > ~ S ~ifpe the
t
I
auestions are answered in a book.
SLk
T HE JUNGLE
This novel, first published i;p 1906, caused an international sensation. I t was the best
selling book in the United States for a year; also in Great Britain and its colonies. I t
was translated into seventeen languages, and caused an investigation by President
Roosevelt, and action by Congress. The book has been out of print for ten years, and
is now reprinted by the author at a lower price than when f i s t published, although the
cost of manufacture has since more than doubled.
T h e B tory of a Patriot
Would you like to go behind the scenes and see the "invisible government" of your
country saving you from the Bolsheviks and Reds? Would you like to meet the secret
agents and provocateurs of "Big Business," to know what they look like, how they
talk and what they are doing to make the world safe for democracy? Several of these
gentlemen have been haunting the home of Upton Sinclair during the past three years
and he has had t ke <dea of turning the tables and investigating the investigators. He
has put one of khem, Peter Gudge by name, into a book, together with Peter's ladyloves,
and his wife, and his boss, and a whole group of his fellow-agents and employers.
KING COAL
A N ovel of t he Colorado Coal Country
<6
Clear, convincing, complete," Lincoln Steffens. "I wish that every word of it 'could
be burned deep into the heart of every American," Adolph Germer.
THE PROFITS OF RELIGION
A study of supernaturalism as a source of ipcome and a shield to privilege. The first
investigation of this subject ever made in any language.
( A l l t he above books: 6 0c p aper, $1.20 cloth, postpaid. A n y three copies: paper, $1.50; cloth, $3.00.)
T HE BOOK OF LIFE
Volume One-Mind and Body. A book of practical counsel. Discusses truth an$ i ts
standards, and the basis of health, both mental and physical Tells people how t~ live,
in order to avoid waste and pain, and to find happiness and achieve progress. Cloth,
$1.75 ; paper, 80c.
THE CRY FOR JUSTICE
An anthology-of the literature of social prokest, with an introduction by Jack London,
who calls it "this humanist Holy-book." Thirty-two illustrations, 891 pages. Cloth,
$1 50 ; paper, $1.00. Order from
UPTON SINCLAIR, PASADENA, CALIFORNIA
D istributors t o the book trade:
The Paine Book Company, 75 West Van Buren Street, Chicago, Illinois
i
h' r
�THE LABOR HERALD
M arch. 1922
IWORLD'S F A M O U S BOOKS 1
LY
-
us&g compict, y et readable type, and good thin paper
i t has been possible to print the complete and original t ext
in every case i n a t hin volume which easilv ~ l i n ni nto the
pocket. Many readers have become a o - e n t & u a t h a t - t h e y ;
m ake a practlce of s hpping f our or five of these books lnto
a pocket before starting the day's work. They do not bulge
the p ~ c k e tand are not noticeable, yet are always available.
T hls new process in publishing now makes i t possible for
men and women who are lovers of the best literature to be-
ORDER BY
N UMBER
Drama
T he librarv was started w lth t he thought of putting the best
l iterature -&thin reach of the masses. While the hooks are
printed on good book paper and very neatly and securely
bound in heavy card-cover paper, they a r e not mtended t o
decorate shelves b ut t o enrich minds. These books a r e read.
The original price of these books is 2 5 c each, b ut t o
introduce them rapidly they have been ,offered a t 10c each.
This is a special introductory offer and lntended t o show the
publisher's confidence in the idea. Order by Mail.
TAKE YOUR PICK AT ONLY 1 0 ~ BOOK
A
142 Bismarck and the
German Empire.
Oscar Wilde. 51 Bruno: H is Life
80 pillars'of Society,
and Martyrdom.
Ibsen.
131 Redemption, Tolstoi. 147
and His
183 Realism i n Art and
Literature, Darrow.
177 Subjection of Wom-
1 9 Nietzsche: Who He
$FWeu
Was anA W hat He
Stood For.
I
Revolutionary Crisis
I GERMANY, ENGLAND,
I
4 3 M arriage and Di-
Maxims
i~,"2ufe~rrHT $ pgg;
i gzt:
:
$
:
:z
thema
:
I
E. H. Julius, Pres., Appeal Publishing Company,
(
B y WM. Z. FOSTER
1 307
"This 64-page book, with material drawn from Foster's trip
to Europe in 1921 and from his
wide reading of the labor news of
the world, describes the betrayal
of the revolution by the Majority
Socialists in Germany, the failure of the British Triple Alliance
in the great mine strike, the failure of the revolt led by the metal
workers in Italy, the scourge put
by the Fascisti on Labor following it, and the w r between the
a
radical and yellow unionists in
the C. G. T. i France."
n
'LLikeall of Foster's books, it
i s calm, detailed and authoritative. No person active in the
labor movement and no student
desirous of understanding the
labor movement, can afford to be
without it."
?
$
-:
pg~~,hng~~.
ITALY AND FRANCE"
I
O%EBIy
vorce, Horace
Greeles a nd Robert
Owen.
en, John S tuart Mill.
Poetrv
208 Debate on Birth
a nd
Control, Mrs. S enger
a nd Winter Russell.
Khaeam.
~
~
~
~
n 236 f airs of ~ e n ;r VIII. n
~ State and H eart Af~
~
yi
g E~igrallls
129 Bome or Reason, In73 Whitman's Poems.
E arnest, Oscar Wade. 50
gersoll and Manning.
common
56 Wisdom of Ingersoll
2 Wilde's Reading Jail.
31 Pelleas and Meli106 Aphorisms, G. Sand. 32 Poe's Poems.
122 Spiritualism, Conan
168 Epigrams 0. wild.. 164 Michael a e - o ' s
Doyle and M cCaba
l
88 ?ngersoll. n of Pain., 59 ~ pigrams'ofWit.
I si'~atio
171 H as Life Me-?
Sonnets.
F an, Oscar Wilde.
35 Maxims, Rochefou33 Smasher of Shams.
71 Poems of Evolution. 206 Capitalism vs. Socialism Seligman
Fiction
163 Sex Life i n Greece
cau~.
146 Snow-Bound, Pied
a nd ~ e a r i n g .
Piper.
6 De M aupassant's
154 Witticisms, I e
214 and Rome. Lincoln. 197 Epigrams of Dbsen.
Speeces of
9 G reat English Poems. 1 3 I s Free Will a Fact
s tories.
or a Fallacy?
79 Enoch Arden,
15 Balzac's Stories.
Humor
180 Sevigne. G. B.
Epigrams,
234 McNeal-Sinelair
Tennyson.
One Of C1eopatra's
18 I dle Thoughts of an
s haw.
Debate on Socialism.
6 8 Shakespeare's
Nights, Gautier.
I dle Fellow Jerome. 155 Maxims Napoleon.
Sonnets.
5 8 Boeeaccio's
Miscellaneous
20 L et's ~ a u g Nasby. 113 p roveris of England 173 Vision of Sir
i
45 Tolstoi's Stories.
192 Book of Synonyms.
106 English a s s h e Is
114 Proverbs of France.
Lannfal.
12 Poe's Tales.
25 Rh-g
D ictionar~r.
222 The Vampire and
145 Great Ghost Stories. z05
78 How to Be a n Orator.
Other Poems,
21 Carmen. Merimee.
Book.
117 Proverbs of Italy.
82 Common F aults in
Piing.
38 Dr. JekYu and Mr.
187 Whistler's Humor.
W riting English
118 P roverbs of Russia. 237 =rose Poems,
P
Hyde.
127 W hat Expectant
W it of einrich
119 Proverbs of Ireland.
Baudelaire.
27
Days of Con. 216 Heine, Heo. Eliot.
Mothers Should
G
120 Proverbs of Spain.
demned Man, Hugo.
mow.
121 Proverbs ofTArabia.
Science
lS1en Who
M
Be
"Bgzy&rk
181 Epigrams, horeau.
81 Care of the Baby.
ging, Plin!z
=
Twain.
228 Aphorisms, Huxley.
1 36 C hid Training.
47 H e Renounced the
137 Home Nursing.
~ a i t h~ a c London.
,
k
Literature
Philosophy,
14 W hat Every Girl
36 Soul of Man Under
Should Know, Mrs.
~P*<~&C~~:
Evolution, Baeckel.
socialism, O. Wilde.
Religion
Sanger.
100 Red Laugh,
F rom Monkey to
28 Toleration, Voitaire. 62 Schopenhaner's
34 Case for Birth
Andreyev.
Man.
Essays.
8 9 Love Letters of Men
Control.
148 Strength of the
1 B i5&ions
on MO&- 9 1 Manhood: Facts of
and Womenof Genius. 9 4 Trial a nd D eath of
Strong, London.
e rn Sdence, Huxley.
Socrates.
Life Presented to
S urvival of the
65 Meditations of MarMen.
105
6 0 ~~n~~~~ E ssayr
Emerson's
cus Aurelius.
Fittest. Tichenor.
8 3 Marriage: Past,
102 sherlock Holmas
44 Aesop's Fables.
84 Love Letters of a
Present and Future,
Tales.
165 Discovery of the FuBesant.
161 Country of t he Blind, 26 Nun.
h u e H G. We&.
.
74 On Threshold of Sex.
On Going to Church,
H. G. w ens.
p laied.
9 8 HOW t o Love.
Shaw.
96 ~ ial'oguesf Plato.
o
85 Attack
On
61 Tolstoi's Essays.
103 Pocket Theology,
H v~notism ade
M
172 Evolution of Love,
Z oh.
176 F our Essay* Ellis.
Voltaire.
p-1
h5 .
Key.
I nsects and Men:
209 Aspects of Birth
History,
160 shakespear:,
132 Foundations of
Instinct and Reason,
Ingersoll.
Rewon.
Control, Medical,
Darrow.
Biography
75 Choice of B O O ~ S ,
138 Studzes i n FessimMoral, SociologicaL
Eugenics, Ellis.
143 Pope Leo o n So126 History of Rome.
Carlyle.
ism, Schopenhauer.
211 I dea of God in Na76 p rince of Peace,
c
128 Caesar: Who He
Series of Debates 152 Fialimu
oundations of
Was.
Bryan.
e r e , J ohn S. Mill.
86 On Reading, Brandes 212 L lfe and Character,
11 Debase o n Religion,
Labor Movement,
185 History of Printing
John H. Holmes and
Phillius.
176 Science of History,
95 Confessions of An
Goethe.
Geor e Bowne.
SO - fiattLife Means
200 I gnorant PhilosOpium Eater.
Froude.
39 ~ i d sus E ver Live7I
ef
188 How Voltaire Fooled
opher, Voltaire.
t o Me. Jack London.
52 Voltaire, Victor
1 01 T houghts of Pascal. 130 Controversy on
Priest and King.
9 3 How t o Live 100
Hugo.
Christianity, I nger3 1 8 Essays Voltaire. 224 God: Known and
125 W ar Speeches of
soll and Gladstone. 1167 % ? t k c h on Health.
Woodrow Wilson.
213 Lincoln, d ~gersoll.
Unknown, Butler.
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Vol. I.
MARCH, 1922
99
NO. 1
The Principles and Program of
The Trade Union Educational League
N every country buit one an advanced state
I
of capitalism, has produced a highly developed trade union movement. The single
exception is the United States. Here we have
a very elaborate industrial system and the
world's most militant and powerful capitalist
class, butt, paradoxically enough, a trade union
movement which, for general weakness and
backwardness, has few if any equals in the predominantly industrial countries.
No matter what vital phase of our trade
union movement we consider we must admit, if
we are honest, that the workers in other lands
are ahead of us. In ithe important matter of
numerical strength, for instance, we make a
wretched showing. At present, considering the
ravages made in our ranks by the employers,
it is doubtful if we have as many as 4,000,000
trade unionists in this country, or about 1
unionist to each 27 of the general population.
England, by contrast, has approximately 7,500,000 trade unionists, or about 1in each 6 of her
44,000,000 people. Germany shows even better,
with over 12,000,000 trade unionists, or about
1in each
of her 55,000,000 population. In
other words, the English trade union movement
is proportionately about 4 times as strong numerically as ours, and that of Germany 6 times
as strong. For the American unions to be as
large as those of Germany, considering the
difference in the size of the two nakions, they
would have to have no less than 24,000,000
ih
members. Compare this giant figure w t the
paltry 4,000,000 members that our unions now
possess and one gets an idea of how far behind
we are in this respect. In England and Germany (not to mention many other countries)
the mass of the working class has been organized. In the United States hardly a start has
yet been made.
Structurally our trade unions are equally
backward in development. The American labor
movement is the only important one in the
world which still remains based upon the
principle of craft unionism. In a ll other countries the main labor movements, accepting the
logic of capitalistic consolidation, have endorsed the principle of having one union in
each industry and have made great progress
towards is realization. Throughout the rest
of the world we f h d many single unions covering whole industries -such as building,
metal, railroad, general transport, clothing,
printing, etc.-that have been built up recently
by amalgamatingethe original craft organizations. Others are constantly being created. In
England the giant new Transport and General
Workers' Union amalgamation is taking place;
the Amalgamated Engineering Union is likewise making substantial headway towards its
goal of one union in the metal industry; and
in many orther trades the process of consolidation is going on apace. I n Germany the metal
workers, during the past few years, have completed their record-breaking industrial union,
which now counts 1,800,000 members; the railroad, postal, telegraph, and telephone workers,
already closely organized, are combining their
forces into a great organization of 1,500,000
members to control all forms of transportation
and communication; and the workers in the
other German industries are likewise closing
up their ranks rapidly. In Belgium the original
welter of craft unions has been hammered together into about a dozen industrial unions,
and plans are now being worked out to combine the whole movememt into one real union.
The Australian workers have also just gone
on record for a similar project.
The same rapid drift towards industrial
�4
.
L
THE L A B O R H E R A L D
March, 1922
March, 1922
idealism and social vision. I t has no SOUL It
has not yet raised the inspiring banner of working d ais emancipation. So far as its vague
conscious expressions go, it is still timidly and
blindly trying !to patch up wage slavery and
make it endurable. I t has still to learn that
the only solution of the labor struggle is by the
abolition of capitalism. I n this sad position
it &nds alone, for the workers of all other
important countries have long since defhitely
broken with capitalism. They look upon it as
an obsolete social system which must be eliminated. They are looking forward to the establishment of a new proletarian society in which
parasitic capitalists will be no more. They
d Ber widely as to how this great goal can be
asked, whether capitalism shall be abolished
pime by piece, as the Socialists propose, or all
at one blow, as the Communists and Syndicalists urge. B ut ,they are unanimous that
oapitalism must go. The American trade
unions are the only general body of organized
workers in t he world that; have not yet masin an tered this fundamental labor conclusion. And
Politieauy our trade
are
the result is a tremendous weakening in their
infantile condition. They have not yet adand fighting strength.
vanced to the point of even rodimentarly political class consciousness. Q hsfnlIy unaware
tha& t he class struggle rages i t he political
n
A striking illustration of this unparalleled
as well as in the industrial fidd, they a re still
capitalist intellectual timidity and conservatism comes to
trailing along in the t rain of
parties and shamefnlly begging favors from light in our ,trade unions' relaticins with the
them. Their Cause is a football f ar every po- labor organizations of other countries. There
litical crook in the country-to t he sad demor- are two world trade union federations, one
alization of the whole labor movement. The with headquarters in Amsterdam, and the
workers in other countries were once i n a simi- other in Moscow. T b Amsterdam Internalar boat, but they have all long since got away tional is reformist, and the Moscow Internafrom it. Some, the anti-political tendency, tional revolutionary. A ll t he important labor
o
have adopted the Syndicalist program of direct m o~ements f the world are afKliated with one
action on the political field through the trade or the other of these two Internationals-that
unions, and others, retaining their belief in is, all except ours. We stand aloof altogether
-political action, have built up extensive Labor, on the ground t hat both are too revolutionary.
Socialist, and Communist parties. But all of Even &e Anwterdam International, whose leadh
them, Syndioalbb, Laborites, Socialists, and ers nndoubteiQy saved capitalism in its greatCommun&ts, agree ugon class action in the est c rbis by dieeeatbg the recent revolutionary
political field. Thssy would laugh out of court uprisings i Germany, Italy, France, etc., is
n
any leader among thi& who dared advocate much too radical for us. Because its "revoluthe antediluvian no-el& political policy of the tionary" doct-rines mightt contaminate our pure
American trade union m vement. F or them bourgeois ideas, a nd for fear that our associathe adoption of such a pzogram would mean tion with seah a "terrible" organization would
discredit ns in the eyes of American exploiters,
turning the clock backward 4 generation
Another striking feature of our labor move- the American Federation of Labor, not long
ment's primitiveness is i ts unequaled lack of since, severed relations with t he Amsterdam In-
ternational. This made us t he laughing stock
of the international labor world, revolutionary
and reformist alike. When it comes to militancy of program we stand in a place by ourselves-at the very foot of the proces~ion. And
so it is with many other phases of our movement, which need not be cited here.
The general effect of the extreme political
and industrial wldevelopment of o m tradd
union movement has been to greatly weaken
the fighting power of the working class More
than ever this is evidenced by the present
world crisis in i n d u h y . Where= the trade
unions of other countries a re pretty much
holding their own, or in some cases even forgk g ahead, ours are in disordered retreat before
t he victorious employers. The latter, strongly
organized and controlling t he pr,ew, t he courts,
and practically every section of the local, state,
and national governments, are smashing the
unions right and left and making ducks and
drakes of the workers' political and industrial
rights. The crisis is serious and so generally
recognized that there is no need for us to
waste words over it here. S d c e to say that if
Organized Labor does not soon reorganize its
primitive craft unions into modern industrial
unions and infuse them with real fighting spirit
it will inevitably d e r crushing defeat, if not
actual annihilation.
unionism is i n evidence everywhere e x ~ e p i n
t
the United States. Here we are still sticking
in the mud of craft unionism and progressing
at only a snail's pace. Standpatism has become
an ingrained gospel with our trade union oi3cials. There is hardly a breath of progress
f
among them. They disregard the o b v i o ~act
t he
that as the capitalists close up their ra*
workers must do likewiie: W ith rare exceptions they are content to plod d ong with anywhere up to 20 or 30 autonomous Unions in the
various industries and to consider such a prirnitive condition, with all i ts r esdtant c raft scabbery and weakness, as the highest praclioal
stage of ltrade union organization. The man
- ' , who proposes common sense amalgamation
along industrial lines they consider a dreamer,
if not a disruptive fanatic. From the s tmdpoint of structure the American labor movement is at about the p o w of .development that
- the European unions were 15 years ago.
'I
THE LABOR HERALD
eons
'H
5
nationalities. And the second goea counter
to all our labor history. Time and again the
workers in this co11ntry have given convincing
evidence of their aggressive spirit and adaptabiliw to advanced types of unionism. A generation or so ago, during the stormy 'BOs, our
trade union movement unquestionably led the
world for militancy. And since that tiat? our
industrial history has been marked with a
whole series of strikes, as bitterly fought as
any ever known anywhere. In view of these
facts it is idle to maintain that our workers
are naturally unmilitant.
The true explanation for the undevelopment
of American trade unionism v a s t be sought
elsewhere. And it is to be found in the wrong
methods used by our progressive and revolutionary unionists. Until quite recently they
have failed utterly to realize and perform their
proper functions. For a generation past they
have been working contrary to the natural
evolution of the labor movement The result
is stagnation and ruin all around.
One of the latest and greatest achievements of
working class thinking, due chiefly to the experiences in Russia, is a clear understanding of
the fundamental proposition that the fate of all
labor organization in every country depen* primarily upon the activities of a minute minority
of clear-sighted, enthusiastic militants scattered
throughout the great organized masses of slugTHE SOURCE F O m TROUBLES
O
Whence comes the ultra-conservatism and gish workers. These live spirits are the natural
extraordinary backwardness of the American head of the working class, the driving force of
trade union movement B What causes the seem- the labor movement. They are the only ones
ing paradox in this country of a very high' who really understand what the labor struggle
degree of capitalism producing a very low de- means and who have practical plans for its
prosecution. Touched by the divine fire of progree of labor organization ?
Many are the answers made to this great letarian revolt, they are the ones who furnish
riddle of the American labor movement. The inspiration and guidance to the groping masses.
chief of these are, first, that the conglomera- They do the bulk of the thinking, working and
Q hting of the labor struggle. They run the
of races here,
greatly
the dangers of death and t he
jails. Not
'Waetion
has
checked only are they the burden bearers of the labor
the spread of trade unionism ; and, second, that
movement,
also its brains and heart and
the warkers i n this country, because of its
sod. In everg
where these vital milibonanaa development, have enjoyed more pros- tants fanction
among t he organieed
perity t han European workers and have Come- masses the labor movement flourishes and prosq u e n t l ~ een rendered almost immune to mili- pers. But wherever, 'for any reason, the milib
tant organization.
tants fail to so function, just as inevitably the
But these answers a re altogether unsatisfac- whole labor organizatisn withers and stagnates.
tory. The f ist is discounted by , the f act t hat The activities of the militants are the "key7, to
some of the very best unions we have, notably the labor movement, the source of all its real life
in the needle trades, are made up of many and progress,
�T H E L A B 0R H E R A L D
6
V- E m I
;STAGNATION
Hw
I n other countries the militants, even while
not consciously aware of the above prinoiples,
have quite generally acted in harmony wilih
them. They have stayed in t he old trade &
and, through their organization, activity, and
determination, have been able to take t he l a d
i n directifig t he workers' struggle. Theg: have
communicated something of theix own &.a and
understanding t o t he msms, with the resnlt t hat
their labor movements have b&n comtantly
pushed onward-intell-ye
structurally, and
numericany-to higher and higher stages.
B ut in the United States t he militants, pro, gr@~es and r adials alike, have taken a reverse conrse. F vr fully
years they have
s ystematidly deserted and neglected %e trade
h
.unions. ABtioted with a dwonic m i o n i r a m ,
they have attracted the o v e p w h e ~ am d
m
the livest spirits among the workera to t he f utile
projects of building up a ll s o r b of d u d m0 1
i18
based upon ideal prinuples. Thus the trade
union movement has been sueked 'dry of thousands and thousands of the best militants, the
very elements who should have been its life
hus its development has been
springs, a nd t
blocked, its progress poisoned at the source. By
the desertion of the militants the unknowing
a~
masses have been i n t & & ~ nd spiritually
decapitated. Leaderless, helpless, they have been
left to the uncontested.contro1 of a conservative
trade union bureaucracy, which has hardly a
traee of real proletarian nnderstanding and
Bropess anywhere in its makeup. I n view of
tbk situation it would be a miracle if t he
ieah labor movement, with its most vital fa&m
praotically cancelled, were in any other condi& k one of extreme backwardness.
D u d ~ n i mthe set policy of secessionism,
,
which h R@@mated the Life-giving militants
@
s
from the cuni%emmeorganized m a s s e t h a t i
the prime cause of t he stagnation of the American labor movemeplt. That is t he underlying
reason for onr ap-mt
paradox of the m s
ot
aggressive capitalist i 3 - side by side with the
most weakly orgheaed working class. Dual
unionism has hamsh e r i m Labor.
'
-
March, 1922
March, 1922
sionist tendency that has negated their efforts
for so long; and, second, they must thoroughly
organize themselves within the trade unions for
the effective application of their boundless energies and dynamic programs. When this is accomplished, then, and then, only, can we look
forward confidently t o the American labor movement taking i ts proper place in the forefront of
the world 's t rade union organization-a position
which it occupied thirty or forty years ago, before its militants became poisoned and ruined
by d u d utopianism.
Substantial progress is now being made towards the accomplishment of these two vital essentials. I n the &t place, the militant rebels
are f i e i n g themselves from dual unionism with
wonderful rapidity; and in the second place,
they a re everywhere forming the necessary
propaganda groups within the organized masses
of trade unionists. The organization through
which this new and most important movement of
militant&is taking shape is The Trade Union
Educational League.
The Trade Union E ducatiod League is an
informal grouping of the progressive and re&
lutionary elements throughout the entire trade
union movement; a potent means to assist these
militants in the performance of their natural
functions as the brain and backbone of the organized m s e s . It is not a dual union, nor is it
m t e d directly or indirectly with any such.
It does not h e charters, nor does it collect dues
or per capita tax. F or the revenue to c a v on
its work it 'depends upon voluntary donations
from supporters and sympathizers, profits from
the sale of Literatare, eto. It is simply a virile
edncationd league, operating within and in support of the trade unions, and by no means in
opposition to or in competition with them. It
is an auxiliary of the labor movement, not a substitute for it. It is identical with the movements
through whit& t he militants in other countries
t
have t r a ~ b m e dheir trade unions into real
@hting o rganhtions.
theories, tactics, structure, and leadership.
Instead of advocating the prevailing shameful
and demoralizing nonsense about harmonizing
the interests of Capital and Labor, it is f iing
t he workers' imagination and releasing their
wonderful idealism and energy by propagating
the inspiring goal of the abolition of capitalism
and the establishment of a workers' republic.
The League aggressively favors organization
by industry instead of by craft. Although the
craft form of union served a useful purpose in
t he early days of capitalism, it i s now entirely
out of date. In t he face of the great consolidation of the employers the workers must also
close up their ranks or be crushed. The multitude of craft unions must be amalgamated
into a series of industrial union&-one each for
the metal trades, railroad trades, clothing
trades, building trades, etc.-even a s they have
been in other countries. The League also aims
to put the workers of America in co-operation
with the fighting trade unionists of the rest of
the world. I t is flatly opposed to our present
pitiful policy of isolation, and it advocates
a%lktion to the militant international trade
union movement, known as the Red Trade
Union International. The League is campaigning against the reactionaries, incompetents,
and crooks who occupy strategic positions in
many of our organizations. It is striving to
replace them with militants, with men and
women unionists who look upon the labor movement not as a means for making an-easy living,
but as an instrument for the achievement of
working class emancipation. I n other words,
the League is working in every direction necessary to put life and ppirit and power into the
trade union movement.
E
,
--
W
~ M Tm %a
DN
OE
Two things are absolutely hdhpensable to the
further life and progress of our labor movemrt definitely and
ment: first, the militants m
finally r id themselves of the dual union seces-
How THE L E ~ ~ U E a m m s
O~
TEB x ? l ms P F ~ G I & B M
A u3 '
The Tnds U *rm Edwatioraal L e o g l ~pro@
poses to d e d o p trade unions from their
present antiqaakd a nd stagnant condition
into modern, powerfnl labor organizations
capable of waging successfnl warfare against
Capital. To this end it i s working to
revamp and remodel from top to bottom their
THE L A B 0R HERALD
E":
1'
-
The Trade Union Educational League groups
the militants two ways: by local'ities and
by industries.
In a ll cities and towns
general groups of militants of all trades
are formed to carry on the work of education
and reorganization in their respective localities.
These local general groups, to facilitate their
work, divide themselves into industrial sections--such as printing, building, textile, raill
road, metal, clothing, transport, etc. A l the
local general groups are kept in touch and
co-operation with each other through a national
corresponding secretary. Likewise, all t he
local industrial educational groups are linked
together nationally, industry by industry,
7
through their respective corresponding secretaries. Every phase and stage of the trade
union movement will have its branch of the
life-giving educational organization.
Let the railroad industry illustrate the general plan: In every important railroad center
there will be educational groups of railroad
men, not of single crafts, but of the whole sixteen in the industry. These local groups will
co-operate nationally through a secretary (a
volunteer unless the local groups find ways,
through donations, to pay him). A national
program will be established and a great drive
instituted to combine the sixteen squabbling
unions into one solid body. Amalgamation will
be made a burning issue all over the country
wherever railroad men meet and talk. From
the live wire section man in San Diego, California, to the rebel engineer in Portland,
Maine, the whole body of railroad militants
will move unitedly and irresistably to the
accomplishment of their task, the erection of
a great and powerful industrial union of railroad workers by the amalgamation and invigoration of the sixteen craft unions. The union
leaders refuse to carry out this absolutely indispensable project, so it i s up to the rank and
file militants to do it f or themselves.
The Trade Union Educational League will
make great use of pamphlets, bulletins,
journals, etc., in its educational work. I ts
official national organ is THE LABOR
HERALD, a monthly published at $2.50 per
year. THE LABOR HERALD is carrying a
burning message of constructive unionism and
solidarity to the discontented rank and fie. It
is filled from cover to cover with the living,
dynamic organization principles which can find
no place in our static, muzzled, dry-as-dust official trade union journals.
The launching of The Trade Union Educational Leagzce marks a turning point in American labor history. It is the beginning of an
era in which the trade unions, flourishing under
intensive cultivation by their organized militants, will gradually pass from their present
hopeless defensive fight into an aggressive attack
upon Capital, an attack which can end only
with the abolition of the wage system. The
program of The Trade Union Educa$ionalLeague
is the only possible effective answer to the
"Open Shop" drive of the employers; it is the
sole means by which the American working
class can take its proper place in the world
battle of Labor. unionists wilIing to co-operate
Active trade
in the work of the League are requested to
write to the undersigaed f or further information.
WM. Z. FOSTER, Sec'y-Treas.,
118 N. La Salle St., Chicago, I l
l.
Editor's Note: For outline of the League's immediate program, see article "A Call t o Action," elsewhere in this issue.
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T H E LABOR HERALD
B y Tom M a m
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struggles between numerous sections of controllers of industrial establishments, financiers
and others, to conduct trading operations in
the interests of the respective sections of financiers, speculators, industrialists, etc., and
these sectional interests never by any chance
coincide with the interests of the community.
At the present time, middle of December, in
Britain there are two millions of totally unemployed workers, and as large a number of
only partially employed. The unemployed
with their dependents number about six millions of persons, out of a population of fifty
millions.
The Unemployment Insurance Act provides
benefits as follows : weekly benefit payable ;
men,, fifteen shillings ; women, twelve shillings; boys under 18, seven shillings and sixpence; girls under 18, six shillings. A married
man receives in addition, five shillings on account of his wife, and one shilling each for
each of four children. To entitle the workers
to this, workers and employers pay the following weekly amounts:
...........
Men
Women .........
Boys under 18.
Girls under 18..
..
7
pence.
6 pence.
3% pence.
3 pence.
Employers.
Employers.
Employers.
Employers.
8
pence
pence
pence
3% pence
7
4
I n addition those unions that provide unemployment benefits also pay usually from
five to fifteen shillings a week, this of course
in addition to the State benefit.
It is a matter for wonderment that the
principal trade unions, which have endeavored
to guard their members against the worst
evils of unemployment, sickness and accident,
should not have long ago endeavored to entirely eliminate the causes of unemployment.
Innumerable discussions have taken place
as to the best means of alleviating the effects
of unemployment, whilst the cure of the causes
therof have been comparatively neglected. The
modern conception of trade unionism does,
however, undertake this task. It holds that
it is not sufficient to organize the workers,
except as the preliminary essential to the organization of the work.
The objective of the up-to-date trade unionist is-The
organization of work in all its
forms so as t o provide adequately for the requirements of t he whole community. T o do
T H E LABOR HERALD
this it is necessary that the machinery of organization itself, i. e., the unions, must cease
to be sectional, and learn t o manifest solidarity, and aim at producing with the highest
efficiency, and distributing the product with
the truest equity.
Exactly b w t his w i i work out there is no
need to wpsry over, but it may safely be assumed that the most scientific methods of
production will always be resorted to, as this
will fit with highest standard of living, inciuciinn the fewest working hours consistent
with &at standard.
I l ave s e e r known such a large per cen' t age of unemployed in England and especially
in the Engineering Industry as we have at
present.' The Union of which I am a member,
' m e Amalgamated Engineering 'Union.," has
a membership bf 429,500. T he returns for
No%ember,just 40 hand, show t hat the number
sf unesnployed is 92, 272* o r 25.85%. There
is almost as many working s hort time, and in
addition there are 6,842 on sick benefit, and
6,5571 on superannuation benefit.
One contributary cause of this slump in industry was the outcome of the War settlement, which provided that Britain should have
a large percentage of the German ships. These
were taken over and sold to British shipowners a t a much lower rate than they could
be built f o r ; the direct result was t o throw
many thousands of men out of work in the
ship-building yards and the marine engine
shops. Similarly, with regard t o the coal
miners. W ar settlement terms provided that
Germany should supply France with many
millifins of Cons of coal annually. The providing of this coal had hitherto been done by
British colliers. Result:
unemployment
amongst miners in Britain on an unprecedent ed scale.
I a m pleased to say there are some signs of
improvement, though as yet not very pronounced. The t iq plate trade of South Wales
.is reviving. This of course means the steel
plates, tinned, for canned goods, etc., and past
experiences show that this trade is usually
I
The Situation in Great Britain
N order to live we must eat. To live well
we must have enough to eat and to wear. The
food we eat and the clothes we wear can only
be obtained by labor. Industry is carried on
in order to bring into existence the requisites
of life, but if for any reason a sufficiency is
not produced or, being produced it is not
reasonably distributed, it may hapen, and it
commonly does happen, that many are insufficiently fed and clothed, and inadequately
hdused.
Time was when man was unable to work
effectively to bring into existence a sufficiency
for all to have enough. Owing t o the growth
of knowledge in modern civilized life we possess the power to produce enough for all, not
for some portions of the year, but for the
whole year round and for every year.
I t is not a matter of conjecture, it is a thoroughly established fact, that there is on and
in the earth a super-abundance of raw material, out of which all our requirements can
be obtained, and it is equally an established
fact, that man's power over this material is
such, that if this power is wisely directed, an
abundance for all can be produced with the
utmost ease.
Although these basic facts are admitted,
we are confronted with abject poverty in
every country, not less so amongst the most
industrially advanced, as well as in those
relatively backward.
Europe of course is experiencing exceptional
economic difficulties at present, as a result of
the Great War, but prior to the war there never
was a time when the whole of the people in
any country had a sufficiency ; in England, concurrently with an ever increasing wealth producing capacity, there has continued as an
ever accompanying corrollary, a per centage
of unemployed workers, who in consequence
of unemployment are wageless and therefore
subjected to serious privation.
It would seem that notwithstanding t he ever
increasing power to bring into existence the
necessaries and comforts of life, that those
who accept responsibility for managing industry never aim at concerted action either to
ascertain total amounts required, or at providing a sufficiency for all.
It is left to the chance forces of competitive
Mar&, 1922
March, 1922
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first affected. The prospect of a settlement
of the Irish problem is also having a good effect, and there is m doubt if it proves to be
a settlement of the k oubles between the British Government and t he Irish, that a substantial quickening of industrial interests will follow-and probably solidarity will characterize
the workers of both countries.
It is too early to g auge t he probable effects
of the Washington Conference, but there are
many in this counfry who believe that the
T OM MANN
result will be the allaying of international
friction for a time, and that there will probably
be a few years' spell of industrial activity. It
seems to me likely that this will be so, and
this will be the time for the workers to perfect
their organizations and t o become clear as
regards ideals. There is no need for despondency. Humanity is slow in traveling upward, but there is no doubt a t all about it
really traveling. The organized workers must
have a g reater share in social e t r o 1 t han
hiiherto.
CLOSE U P YOUR RANKS!
The employing class is solidly organized. The workers mu& likewise close up
their ranks. The time has come whm w e must fuse our craft d o n s so that there
is only one union f or each industry. We must do this or be c r ~ ~ h e d .
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T H E LABOR HERALD
The Industrial Court - Dead
B y John Dorsey
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T I S two years now since the State Legislature passed Governor Allen's law to stop
strikes-the Industrial Court Law-but ~ v e
a re still having strikes in Kansas. The miners of District 14 have kicked this anti-strike
law around so much that nobody in this part
of the country pays any more attention to it.
I noticed that the packinghouse workers went
out on strike when they g ot ready, and the
Industrial Court didn't even try to stop them.
No, the law didn't stop strikes in Kansas, and
the whole idea of chaining men to their jobs
by law has been pretty thoroughly discredited.
We paid a big price for this result. District
14 has been living on short rations for a long
time; Howat and Dorchey had to lay in jail
for awhile, and so did many of our best rank
and file fighters. Our union is fighting for
life right now. But we have one consolation:
The Industrial Court Law is as dead as a doornail. The workers of America owe that to
us.
I said the Industrial Court is dead, but maybe I am speaking too quickly. There is a
chance that it will come back to life again,
after all. It was dead, sure enough, and
everybody knew it. But John L. Lewis, the
International President of our organization,
sent his men down here with the pulmotor,
and they are trying their best to pump the
breath of life back into it. The bosses tried
by all means to establish the anti-strike law
in Kansas. The Governor, the legislature, the
press, the militia, injunctions, jails, special
LC
vagrancy" ordinances against strikes-all
these instruments and some others were
brought into play to put over the anti-strike
law, and the net result was total failure as far
as we miners were concerned. They couldn't
make it stick. We went on strike just the
same as ever, and the workers in other organized trades did the same. But now the
International President of dur Union is on
the job using all the power of his office to
break up our district organization and make
us submit. If t he Industrial Court Law is
finally put over, John L. Lewis will be the
man who did the job.
When Howat and Dorchey went to jail last
March, 1922
March, 1922
September the Kansas miners again came out
on a general strike in protest. We stayed
out for over three months to prove to the
world that the Industrial Court Law could
cause strikes, but couldn't stop them. I t was
a bitter struggle. The coal operators, the
Governor, the courts, the state troops, the
county officials and the "Provisional Government" of our union, set up by President
Lewis, all worked hand in hand to drive us
back to work; but their combined forces only
succeeded in getting a few hundred to break
ranks. The District as a whole stood solid
until the strike was called off on January 12
by Howat on the ground that we had thoroughly discredited the Industrial Court Law,
and that further demonstration was not
needed.
The general strike made the Court look like
a joke. Our enemies didn't think we would
have the nerve to do it again, after all we had
gone through, but we did it. The members
of the Industrial Court got cold feet, and went
back to Topeka. The business men and the
coal operators began to holler for a compromise. They had Howat and Dorchy in jail
but they couldn't get the miners back to work.
Howat said: "We never denied that they
could pass a law to put men in jail; but we
do deny that they can stop strikes by law.
They have got us in jail, but they have also
got the strike. You can't stop strikes by law
in Kansas because the Kansas miners will not
obey such a law."
It was at this point that John L. Lewis
took a hand in the game. While Howat and
Dorchey were in jail, they were removed from
office and expelled from the United Mine
Workers of America for life. Our District
Executive Board was deposed. The charter of our District organization was revoked,
and a "Provisional GovernmentJJappointed to
take charge. They ordered the miners to go
back to work. For three months they tried
every' means to break the strike. They
worked hand in glove with all the other tools
of the coal operators. Thomas Harvey, the
s herips brother, was appointed secretary of
the district organization. Van Bitfner, the
special representative of the International,
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THE LABOR HERALD
chummed around with the state and county
officials. A little conversation that I chanced
to hear shows this well:
I was in the District Courtroom one day
during the strike, to attend a damage suit.
Right after adjournment, the Judge inquired
for the Sheriff. The stenographer spoke up:
"Did you try Van Bittner's? I usually get
him there i f he isn't in his office."
Thcf g ot a few hundred men t o desert us.
S evmd mines started up, and Van Bittner began to give out optimistic interviews in t he
capitalist papers. He made arrogant claims
about "breaking the strike." using about the
same manner and language that the big packing companies were using a t the same time
about the strike of the packinghouse workers.
The members of the Industrial Court plucked
up courage tp come back to Pittsburg to look
the situation' over. Governor Allen, who had
been singing mighty low about his law t o stop
strikes, again began to issue statements denouncing Howat and the "foreignersJ' who supported him. So far it had been a man% fight:
a t this point the women took a hand.
I t was done by the women themselves, on
their own motion. No men were allowed to
take part, so I can only tell about it as it was
told to me by some of those who took part in
t he action. They organized into an "armyJJ
about four o'clock on the morning of December 13. Led by a woman with a baby in her
arms, they marched to the working mines.
From one shaft to another they went, routing
out the scabs and chasing them away like so
many outcast dogs. The papers made it out
to be a sort of peaceful demonstration, but
from what they told me there was nothing
"lady-like" about the way they handled those
they went after.
They took the lunch buckets from the scabs,
and threw the contents a t them. An Austrian
woman with a Chaplin-like sense of humor
took a fiendish delight in searching the buckets
f or custard pie. Woe to the man in whose
bucket she found it. They tore one fellow's
trousers off and sent him flying home across
the cold prairie in his shirt, "like a rabbit,"
they told me. They made the scabs swear allegiance to the strike while they poured, cold
cpffee from their own lunch buckets over their
&ads. "It was no "tea-party," I suggested to
the group of Italian women who were telling
me about it with twinkling eyes and enthusiastic gestures. "No ! No !," t hey laughed, "coffeeparty."
Btit t he strike has been called off now, and
Alex Howat is down at the Indianapolis Con-
11 '
vention to appeal to the delegates from all over
the country to uphold the Kansas Miners and
keep them in the qrganization. F or a time
there was a little imesponsible talk about an
'independent union,' but that was quickly sat
on. The Kansas Miners are a part of the
MINERS' WOMENFlOLK MARCHING
United Mine Workers of America, and they
a re going t o remain there. They are the last
ones in the country to split the ranks. They
are now preparing for the expected national
strike, and you can bet that if it comes off, and
all other districts hold as solid as District 14
will, the strike will be won. Kansas has had
more than her share of the fighting, but we
can go anoth& one if we have to.
Union Subscriptions
If y our union is a real live one, every
member will want to read THE LABOR
HERALD. W e expect to find many such,
so we have figured out a suecial subscrivtion price for-unions which want to s&scribe for their members and distribute the
magazines a t the union meeting. The ratea
f or bundles sent to secretaries for distributJon o r sale among the members are as
follows :
25 copies, $3 per month or $36 per year.
5? copies,a$6 per month or $72 &r year.
75 copies, $9 per month or $Mi3 p er year.
100 copies, $12 per month or $I44 per year.
Take this up in your llnisn i f you think
they are a real bunch of unionists there
and know a good l abar axagazine when
they see it. Let us l n w hat the results
em
of your attempts are, even if t hey don't
order the first time- The best kind of propaganda for a &S
I
subscription is to get
a small bundle on4 .sell t hem in t he meeting before you
the matter up. Get
busy, and pa-ur
union on the map1
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T H E LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
March, 1922
B y Paul Dupres
R
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the prevailing restriction of popular rights in
Russia in an abominable tyranny and disgrace
to the sacred cause of revolution generally.
Now wheilce comes this undeniable limitation of free speech, free press, and free assembly? Is it because, as all the above types
declare, Lenin, Trotzsky and the rest are
heartless oppressors of the same stripe as the
old Czars? Or is there another and deeper
reason? In view of t'he clamor that has been,,
raised and the unfavorable propaganda ma&,
againsf Russia, it will be well for us to look
into the matter a little.
For all those who have had to do with thk
working masses in great struggles, and the
Russian revolution is above all a tremendous
mass struggle, the situation, is or should be,
quite clear and understandable. These practical leaders know that in such severe tests of
the workers' courage and endurance the supreme thing that must be striven for is solidarity, a united front against the enemy. This
can be achieved only through a rigid discipline,
which. in turn, inevitably involves a h eaw
restriction of the rights o free speech, free
f
press, etc. Every strike makes clear this fundamental proposition 'of mass action. When
we understand why the workers, during struggles against employers under capitalism, deny
themselves freedom of expression in their
trade unions, then we will understand why
they have taken similar action in the Russian
revolution.
The Mas- On Strike
All strikes are marked with a strong suppression of the workers' rights of free expression in their organizations. In the early stages
of such struggles this suppression is the work
of the mass itself, later on it is done by a small
minority. At the outbreak of nearly all strikes
the discipline is practically spontaneous. Deeply infected with strike fever, the masses
enter enthusiastically into the struggle. EverythingJooks rosy to them; they can see victory
just 'around the corner. They are altogether:.
intolerant of dissenters and critics. No matter how fernperate or justiiied t he latter may
be they are promptly dubbed company agents
or fools a d then sat upon instantly. Under
such circumstances "free sneech" is- altoeether
x
-a t a discount. What rev ails is a snontaneous
mass discipline.
0
secretary, Red T
ernational
13
But as the strike wears on a
profound change takes place.
Discipline vs. Freedom In Russia
EVOLUTIONS are eammonly urged f or
the purpose of estah&hiagl in addition
to many other deslral$lities, t he most
complete freedom of s p e d 9p ass, and assembly. Yet, strange t o say8 & fidllhssian evoluR
tion, the most profortnd in history, has fallen
far short of this BQL~.B %spIa, a s everyone
knows, there are dr;%s& 1imita;tions upon the
right of the people to freely speak and write
their thoughts. Indeed, this r ight is very
q rgely restricted t o t he membership of the
Communist party, and 'it finds but limited expression even i h e .
This state of a.fEa$rs has brought the Russian
*
revolution a lot o - ahcedaaeous condemnation. Capitalists mati their hangers-on, yellow
Socialists of the Sgptrgb type, petty bourgeois
labor leaders like .Mr. Gompers, theoretical
Anarchists of the Emma Goldman persuasion,
etc., etc., have raised their voices in energetic
protest. Each gives his complaint ehe necessary twist to conform to his particular philosophy or hypocricy, but all are agreed that
T H E LABOR HERALD
-ateriilize.
On t h i contraj ,
re come hardshins ~ i l e d
I
indeed.
Their enthusiasm,
base& upon simple emotion
r8Um?r t han upon real unders%nd'kgrlradually evaporates.
g
Thew l a heart and take on a
d e f & ~ s $ attitude. They degenera& &to carping critics,
and becpm~la prey to all sorts
a
d
of p ~q~agaadaestructive t o
the strike solidarity. In s hort
they are & s c ~ t o l o ~ c allicked.
l~
In thi; critical situation. 1
which corines i n every protrac
ted strike, the burden of maintaining the indispensible discid ine falls uoon a small minority. These are the true
fighters. They are the only
ones who really understand
what the struggle is all aboat.
Their unkillable enthusiasm
and inexhaustible energies are
drawn from intellectual sources
and are very different from the
, ,semi-blind impulse which rules
.HOME OF ALL-RUSSIANUNI.ONS
.
t he niasses. If the strike is to
Formerly Moscow Nobles' Club
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be won these fighters must
, I make their psycho~ogyprevail.
The Wmeq b Rewohtiop
, They must take the discouraged masses firmly
The foregoing i h f r i t i a n of the course Q%- a
in hand and literally make them fight. They
.-, .
must break up all sorts of defeatist movements strike applies equally well to the c ourw of
among the rank and file, which, in turn, means the Russiart revoldion. And naturally w, bel
t he sappression of free speech to a very large cause1the l ib~er, ike the former, is 9 &we of
tg m isses in bitter struggle. What we have
h
extent. Indeed, only those tendencies a re als e a b ppen a thousand times in hard fought
lowed to flourish which make d ireely f or sol:dariky and the continuance of the strike. GI1
t he rest are ruthlessly smashed, m m etter b w
? " maay abstract rights are violated i the d ebg
n
of it. That is the history of all g reat s t n i
It i s a fact known to all labor men that m t
severe industrial struggles that w& wan hawe
been won a fter the mass of tke ~ $ r wale
b
@$ icked; a fter they had reached the stags af
'
defeatism and discouragement that they w a d
have given up the fight had it not Bees fag the
&,
discipline imposed upon them more oe l& tarf valor were berbitrarily by s mall minority of andefeatable formed and
~f e&rgy expended b i t h e
!pfighters.
transported
I '% ,The whole people were
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THE LABOR HERALD
swept away in a mighty, swirling, irresistable
torrent of revolution.
This was the dream era, the idealistic period
of the revolution. But it had to come t o an
end, just as does the similar period of unthinking enthusiasm in big strikes. Soon the period
of cold, hard, unemotional fealism s et in, t he
period of long and bitter struggle. As the
months rolled by the heaven on earth expected
by the 'masses did not materialize. Instead,
there came a whole series of soul-trying ordeals. Famines, blockades, civil wars, poverty, were the people's portion. The revolution proved a hard taskmaster. The masses,
with nothing but shallow enthusiasm t o sustain them, did not understand. Somehow the
revolution seemed a failure. They could not
meet its severe requirements. Their revolutionary fervor waned, their original enthusiasm
began t o abate. More and more the responsibility for eontinuing the revolution fell upon
the shoulders of the minority who are revolu.
tionists, not through mere impulse and idealistic imaginings, but because of deep-seated
intellectual convictions. They are the ones
whose revolutionary spirit is inextinguishable,
the Communists.
This process has gone on in Russia for many
many months, until now we find a situation
comparable in principle t o that in the latter
stages of a hard-fought strike. Great sections
March, 1922
of the masses are pretty much defeated. For
them the glamor of the thing has worn off.
T hey want the easiest way out. I t he revoluf
t ion w ere left t o them, it would be over in a
hurry. They would not fight for i t ; t!~ey
would not work for i t ; they would allow themselves t o be made tools of by the 57 varieties
of sophistry-mongering agents of the reaction.
There would be a swift collapse.
But these tired, disillusioned, and disheartened masses are being held t o the struggle hy
t he minority of indomitable fighters in their
midst, the C ommtl~~;~ts. latter are mainT he
taining the discipline essential to t he life of
the revolution, just as tlie fighters always d o
in severe strikes. This could not be done if
they allowed absolute freedom of discussion
t o prevail. If given free rein the reaction,
through the i nstrumentality of its intentional
and unintentional assistants, would have easy
picking among the rank and file, who, always
gullible and easily led astray, are now even
more susceptible than ever because of the
hardships of the revolution. Soon solidarity
on the political, industrial, and military fields
would be ended, and serious, if not fatal, damage done t o the revolution. Because of this
unlovely but inescapable fact, the workers
literally have t o be protected against themselves by means of discipline. Defeatist and
disruptive tendencies must be broken up, even
if this does involve the limitation of
the rights of the individual. And it
makes little difference whether such
tendencies originate in the brains of
scheming reactionaries or in those of
impractical Socialist, Syndicalist, Anarchist, or Communist workers. They
must be checked just the same.
Successful struggle by the masses
unavoidably implies limitation of their
rights of free speech in the name of
discipline. That is the experience of
every a reat s trike: it is likewise the
1) experience of the ~ u s s i a nrevolution,
t he b itterest and most trying struggle
ever undergone by t he world's working class. Reactionary labor men like
Mr. Gompers (whose trade union
practice would teach him the logic of
the Russian situation if he w ere n ot
too blinded by prejudice) may rail
against this conclusion, and idealists
)I l&e Emma Goldman (who lived in a
realm of cloudy theory and disdains
the crass inconsistencies of hard realCONGRESS O F T H E R ED 'LJXADEU NION
ity) may do likewise. But suppression
INTERNATIONAL
(Continued on page 31)
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March, 1922
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3
+
cf+*:.+:*+:.:
'111
A PLEDGE!
.
To Tom ~ o o n e im, Larkin, Warren Billings, Alex Howat, Ben Oittlow,
J~
Ralph Chaplin, Harry Winitsky, Harrison George, Fred Mooney,
Frank Keener, Niccolo Sacco, Bartolomeo Vanxetti, Vincent St.
John, Jim Thompson, and the hundreds of Labor's champions, now
prisoners of war in capitalist jails:
DEARBROTHERSND COMRADES
A
:
a nd the workers whose aspirations
W e send you greetings from THE $ ~ O R
we voice. In creating this new weapon for our common struggle, the struggle for Labor's
complete emancipation, we turn to you to pledge our faith.
The high mission for which you s d e r , a nd to which we are dedicated, calls for the
deepest loyalty, devotion and courage. These h t virtues of the working-class movement which you embody, are the very basis of a ll of Labor's cause.
But you have been almost deserted by Labor's ranks. Only here and there have a
few strong voices been raised, and a few arms wielded, in your behalf. Only in brief,
spasmodic moments has Labor moved to bring you justice; and then has been confused,
disunited and drugged, by the lies, the tricky arguments, the traitorous actions, of pretended "leaders. ' '
F or years you have lain in the rotten capitalist jails! With deepest shame must
we write the record of how you have been deserted! We know, and the workers of
America know, that it is only because you were fighters in o ur own s t r u g g l e t h e s t ~ l e
against capitalistic exploitation, against the degrading wages system, against the V I C ~ O ~
a nd corrupt society which destroys all beauty and joy in t he lives of the working people.
A nd t he measure of our shame shall be the measure of our passionate cry to the workers
of the whole land-"To
a ction! Our brothers are being tortured for fighting our battles
for us! Masters! open t h e prisons, before Labor i s f orced t o a ct indepedentntby t o .
that en.d! "
Brothers in prison! The heart of the working class is sound! I n spite of all t he
forces of darkness a nd corruption which have prevented your class from coming to your
rescue, your brothers in the trade unions of America k now why you suffer. They move
restlessly in the knowledge of their base desertion of you. They are going to move to
your defense 1
THE LABOR ERALD
H
pledges to you that we will s hoit t his message to all our class,
in every labor hall and labor home, until our class rises to do justice. So long as we
have voice it shall never be raised without carrying this call as a vital, pressing, urgent
demand of a militant labor movement!
Labor ! Act at Once to Rescue Your Prisoners of War!
�THE LABOR HERALD
16
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
A CALL T O ACTION!
Editor's Note: For general outline of the League's purposes, read article "The Principles and Program of the Trade
Union Educational League," elsewhere in this issue.
ILITANTS! The time has come for action! We must now gird up our loins for a great
effort to make a real fighting organization out of the trade union movement. We must
now plunge directly into our vital task of ama?gamating t he many craft unions into a
few industrial unions and of inspiring them with genuine proletarian spirit. The Trade Union
Educational League has launched its nation-wide campaign to organize the militants everywhere
to carry on this indispensible work of education and reorganization, a work for which the hardpressed labor movement now stands in shrieking need. A ll.true trade union rebels are urged
to join hands with the League immediately.
M
T H E League's task of organizing the militants is a gigantic one, one that will require intelli- .
gence, determination, and discipline to accomplish. As things now stand the militants are
scattered broadcast through many thousands of local unions, central labor councils, etc., and
there is scarcely the faintest trace of communication Qr co-operation between them. It is an utter
chaos. And the only way this chaos can be conquered and the army of militants developed into
a unified body capable of exerting great influence in the labor movement is by the rigid application of modern organization methods. Such methods are the very heart of the League's program. I t proposes not to attack the problem simultaneously in all its phases-which would be
a futile project-but to go at it intensively, section by section. It is going to carry out a series
of great national drives, month by month, to organize the militants in one industry after another.
When the circuit of the industries is completed-which should be in six or eight months-there
will exist a well-defined organization of the militants in every trade union and industrial center
in the entire country. Then a general national conference will be held, to map out a complete
educational program, to elect League officials,etc. All told, the campaign is one of the most
elaborate in labor history, and it must eventually result in making the progressive and radical
unionists the determining factor in the labor movement.
T H E f ist of these national drives will be directed to establishing local general educational
groups of militants of every trade simultaneously in all the important cities and towns everywhere. Once established these local groups, in addition to their other activities, will perform the
vital organization work of carrying out the rapidly following later drives to organize the militants in the respective industries. Their first job (the second national drive) will be to organize
the railroad educational organization. It will be done as follows: At a given signal (which
WUcome late in March) the hundreds of local general groups all over the country will direct
Wr e t e d attention and energy to organizing local educational groups of railroad militants in
the% Wpective territories. By this intensive method scores, if not hundreds, of such bodies will
c z & b existence simultaneously in all the principal railroad centers. All these local railroad
o@
t
o
g r o w will be put in touch with each other through the general office of the League, and thus
the &road militant organization will take on national scope. I t will immediately embark
upon a nation-wide campaign to amalgamate the sixteen railroad craft unions into one industrial
organization. This educational propaganda will be carried into every local union in the entire
industry by the local railroad groups, or rank and file amalgamation committees. For the f i s t
time in t h e history the railroad militants will f hd themselves in an organized movement to
combine theif many obsolete craft unions into one modern industrial union. Month by month
similar drives d$lbe put on in the other industries-metal, building, clo@ing, mining, etc,
until finally t he educational organization covers every ramification of the trade union strncture
and the r ejmaating influence of the organized militants makes itself felt throughout the entire
labor movement.
:'
,
W I T H this CalI To Action the first phase of the League's organization campaign-the setting
up of t he loeal m e r a l groups-is initiated. Besides being issued publicly, the Call is also
being laid directly before ,more than 1000 live wire trade unionists in that many cities and
towns, with an urgent appeal that they immediately call together groups of militant unionists
and get our campaign d dynamic education started among them. Considering the present dm-
-
,
a
The Traileiqnim E ducatiod
'"
ITS W
-
I
Lme
.
street,
o hiqgi-hi.-
I
.
�March, 1922
Making and Breaking the Packinghouse
-Unions
'.q
:
A
By "A Packinghouse Worker"
T
HE collapse of the national strike of the
packinghouse workers a t the end of January marks the close of an epoch in the
long and bitter struggle t o establish trade
union organization in the packing industry.
Menaced by the establishment of company
unions and. radical wage cuts, the workers
struck desperately in the face of great odds
and covered themselves with glory. They
succeded in tying up large sections of the industry for eight weeks. But they did not
have a chance; they were whipped from the
start. Their organization went into the fight
weak and demoralized. Besides being destitute alike of funds and spirit, it was afflicted
with officials in whom the rank and file had no
faith. Under the circumstances the loss of
the strike, the breaking up of the hard-won
organization, and the surrendering of the industry t o the "open-shopper" was a foregone
conclusion. It i s one of the greatest tragedies
in American labor history.
The cause of the packinghouse workers' defeat was a double one; incompetency and
treachery by the officials of the basic union
in the industry, the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen, and utter failure
of the rebel elements among the workers t o
organize themselves and thus to exercise control over the administration of their union.
These fatal factors had been constantly a t
work ever since the packinghouse workers began their last great effort a t organization in
1917. T he story of the ill-fated packinghouse
movement is one that Organized Labor should
take well t o heart:
No body of workers in American industry
have been more bitterly exploited or have
made more desperate efforts to escape from
their slavery than the packinghouse workers.
As early as 1886 t hey built up trade unions and
d
established the e i~ht-hour ay. But the wily
and powerful packers soon smashed their organizations and made themselves uncontested
masters of the situation. The next important
movement of t he workers took place fifteen
years later, and resulted in quite thorough organization. But again their unions were
wiped out, this time in the big national strike
of 1904. T hen followed a thirteen-year period
of unrelieved slavery and exploitation, a period
in which the industry turned out a little group
of enormously wealthy parasitic idlers on the
one hand, and a vast multitude of impoverished and downtrodden workers on the other.
All efforts to re-organize the unions were defeated. It w as not until 1917 that the packinghouse workers, responding to the hope
that springs eternal, again take courage and
raise their heads. Taking advantage of the
war conditions, they struck in Denver, Kansas City, and Omaha, achieving some little
success in each place. But the real movement
among them did not begin until the Chicago
Federation of Labor began its big campaign
to organize the workers employed in the
packinghouses of Chicago.
I
Organization of the Industry
T he initiative t o the Chicago campaign was
given by Wm. Z. F oster, who presented a resolution t o the Chicago Federation of Labor
calling for a joint organization movement on
the part of all the trades with jurisdiction
over packinghouse workers. This project was
adopted on July 15th, 1917, and the Federation
a t once took serious hold of the situation. It
organized the Stockyards Labor Council t o
carry on the work. John Fitzpatrick was
selected to head this body d uring the organization work, and Foster was made its secretary.
Ever since the great strike of 1904 sporadic
efforts had been made to re-organize the packinghouse workers, but without a particle of
success. When the big Chicago campaign
started the Amalgamated Butcher Workmen
had only a handful of members, and the whole
industry was demoralized. The prime cause
of this failure was low grade leadership. The
men at the head of the unions, the other crafts
as well as the Butcher Workmmen, persiste a l y a ttempted to apply outworn principles
of craft unionism t o this great basic industry,
when the only hope of the workers was the
most complete industrial solidarity. During
the thirteen black years of unorganization,
craft after craft made individual efforts t o
I.
MOUNTED POLICE DRIVING STRIKERS FROM S TREET
organize, but to no purpose whatever. First
it would be the cattle butchers; they would
carry on a bit of a campaign and get a few
hundred members assembled, when, lo, the
packers would turn their tremendous organization against them and crush their budding
union as a giant would an egg shell. Then stagnation would reign a while more, until eventually, probably a straggling movement would
develop among the sheep butchers, the hog
hutchera, t he steamfitters, the engineers, or
some other trade, which in turn would go the
same way. In this manner practically every
trade got its licking, yet the union heads never
learned the lesson from this experience. They
could not see that the only possibility for the
packinghouse workers t o make headway
against the powerful packers was through
absolutely united action along the lines of the
whole industry.
But if the Butcher Workmen and other
craft union officials knew nothing of industrial
solidarity, the men who organized the Stockyards Labor Council did. T ee b reath of life
of that organization was unified action by
all packinghouse workers. Before it w as organized a n agreement was secured from all
t he trades that they would cast in their lot
- --t ogether, and that espeCially t hey would ,not
m ake the mistake they made in 1904, w hen
they had two local councils in the Chicago
stockyards, one for the mechanical trades and
t he other for the packing trades. The jealousies and quarrels between these two councils,
resulting finally in one scabbing upon the
other, was a prime factor in the loss of the
great strike of 1904.
The Stockyards Labor Council organizers
were determined that no such blunder should
be made in the future. They raised the slogan
of solidarity of all trades in the packing industry. With this rallying cry they went
forth among the packers and put on one of
the most aggressive campaigns of organization known t o American labor history. Encouraged by the new program ,the oppressed
stockyards slaves responded en masse. They
poured into the unions by thousands and soon
the Chicago industry, then employing 55,000
workers, was strongly organized. The news
of this achievement spread like wildfire in
every packing center in the country, and soon
the whole body of packinghouse workers
everywhere were swarming into the organizations. The packing industry, long the: despair
of Organized Labor, was finally unionized.
The whole job took but a few months.
An Incompetent Oi5cialdom
D uring these stirring events the officials of
the Amalgamated Meat Cutters and Butcher
Workmen, the union which controls about
80% o f the workers in the industry, were like
�T H E LABIOR H E R A L D
20
March, 1922
feathers in a gale. They did not know what nickel in money to the campaign until a fter
i t was all about. Such a slashing camp*
, h adreds o
f dollars had been turned over to
o unionism was altogether beyond their kmb it h membership fees-the Chicago Federation
f
P etty labor politicians, their practical con*,
.o9 k b w ' mderwrote entirely, t o the last
tion of their union was-as ae orgsnization h pe-myd $& cost of .the early work. But when
f
%
a few thousand meat cutters in retail butdimwas finished, the Butcher
shops. They had no hope or d ers.staacbg
a rapidly growing organizaof organizing the packinghouse workers propor more, and possessed of a
er. They practically abandoned -thel eadeahip
ch were the results in the
of the movement to John F i t ~ p h e k W m. 2
,
.
r y by t he application of indusFoster, J. W. Johnstone, a d 8ke 0 t h gwm
t-y. The mass of workers were
a t the head of th.e S ~ & &-k~&~&I.. feet and given a weapon
.
on their
The flouridend d
m& wd&~t:$ 8 l&mwQ
~
S
~
they could protect themselves
ized t he i9dtpsta-y fisr.tlie$a;,, . .
k'ss
$ h~$.pw& & F Cauicff
~
3 i s.- detraction.fi-on t he work done by
3
organize^^^ w e e &
&
c
amra urnen were fairly w gankers in o ther txmters t o say that the
well lined up, W t h t s d at movebrunt of t he struggle was b orne
ment for @hee ~tabljshrnent f an
o
by the Stockyards Labor Council.
agreemeat with t he packers t o
It planned the campaign, concover the whole industry. Received the method of organizaluctantly this was rybber-stamped
tion, and t o a very large extent
by the Butcher Workmen o ficicarried it through to success.
d s . Accordingly, the local agseeConsidering what is had done
ment between the twelve trades
for their organization, one might
in the Chicago packing industry
think that the officials of the
was expanded into a national one
I Amalgamated Meat Cutters and
and a general committee set up
Butcver Workmen would have
greatly valued the Stockyards
to ccmdtzct the fight for the whole
Labor Council. But the fact was
country. John @itzpatrick was
made c h i q n bf this national
exactly the contrary. From the
packinghouse committee, and
very beginning they looked ask:
Foster its Secretary. As usual,
JOHN R ~ZPATRICK ance a t it. They had no sympathy
the Butcher Workmen officials
with i ts militancy or its doctrine
sat on the side lines, expressing agree- of all-inclusive solidarity. They were craft
with what was being done, but unionists pure and simple. They stood aside
and let i t orgaaize t he industry for them, but
little p art in it. Demands were st&
and, after a spectacular arbitration immediately this was done they set about desing conducted by Frank P. Walsh, .a t roying it. Indeed, so eager was the Presisettlement secured covering the whole indus- dent of the Butcher Workmen, one John Hart,
t o break it up t hat just as t he national movetV. %
W h a h a d happened from July 15th, 1919, ment u os developing he double-crossed all
w hea t he Chicago campaign began, until t he o thw trades by secretly sneaking off t o
March
1918, when Judge Alschuler Waehingt~aaand placing the entire matter in
handed down l$s findings in the arbitration the tender care of the Food Administration.
p r o c e e m v m t h t t he packing industrp. This nearly wrecked t he whole movement. It
had been organized all over the country; the was saved M y by the Stockyards Labor
H art to back out of his areight hour d a . ~established, heavy wage in- C omdl for*
creases secured; the forty-hour per week rangemen% w&b t he Washington politicians
guarantee introdwed, and other important im- and to l mv~rtke'rregotiations ltogether in the
a
provements in t he workers' coaditions insti- hands o$ &@ e ~mbined nion again.
u
tuted. Besides this, the Butcher Workmen's
Imme&fi@ Judge Alschuler's decision was
Union had been lifted from poverty and in- made ia @@a rbitration matter the national
significance to afflusnce a* power. When o ficiak d e c h x l open war upon the Stockt he Chicago c ampaip t a r t e d @is organiza- ya&d&Z a h r Chuncil. Their chosen way to
tion had only a few khousand'members and desfroy it was by the organization of a disa single trict council of Butcher Workmen locals.
was so poor that it did -%ute
I
3t
09
March, 2!E2
THE LABOR HERALD
21
T h y b w very well that the stabllishmes& Butcher Workmen nevertheless went blithely
a body w 4 d pull dl their unioas but
ahead with the nefarious task. To further
their project they sent a flock of "organizers'"
into t he stockyards district t o prepare the
way for t he new council. These sowed the
seeds of disruption. thickly, undertnining t he
whole structure of t he movement. Several
with their project regardless
ineffectual attempts were made to start the
T k &rasing of the new
new council, but they all failed as the senticouncil was. h direct violat
ment of the workers was overwhelDZing1y in
lnf?nt t w w t he Butcher Workmen d
k
fayor of the Stockyards Labor Council. Izio*LM, +midm i t he movement. From the ia- w&, however, in July 1919, enough dupes
n
c&@i&~d:%$te campaign it had been definitely
scared up to form the f atal District No.
s ettW.
&here shotrlci be only one loclrrl .9, and it was duly established.
Chicago Packing industry and
Warbare and w o n
h l u d e al trades. In fact, this
l
was the very beart of the propaganda used to
1
d y turmoil 'raged among the pack~;giiaspired re-organize the workers. They i ngheew a wiatbs, who looked upon these efh J &faitely promised that the great f ott b '&?@t
kb,
een
fP
*eiE
mistake of 11304 would not be repeated, and ranka a s $&e BKO& e
f
that, dnlr or swim, t he whole b d y of pack- t he psrckers.
inghouse workers would fight h one unit. refused point b a
kk
They were v iolentl~in favor of the Stock- t o affiliake w&h Disyards Labor Council and violently against the t ri& N& 9, in ~ i t a
newly-proposed packing t r a d e s council, s the fdmina&ims
f
known as District No. 9.
of &eir national om€Ma Oi 40,000 OF'Ws Stockyards Labor Comd Destmyd
gaBimrd a rtlrkl-s m
t
The behanical e x m e 'agered by t he B l~tc&r z.mwe t h a n 2,0(TO
joked t he new body.
tuth &
*
d
it. Bwt The9 t he national
w
e
.
Their d e b &ee of t he Butcher
three-fourths majority W e r b e n carried its
J. w. JONNSTONE
L abr C ormd and could work of destruction
&me a s tbey liked with that Bady. stiil f urther by susWorkmen o Rcid8 been in- pending all the locals that refused to accept
king an organieatisn i n the their dnal council. T i meant wahaian
hs
which in my jadgment they worse confounded. Thousands quit the u nitas
wemz n ot) they could easily have postponed disgusted, f edis~ghat they had been betr@.
t
ntia their national convention and Others entered militantly into t he many b &e~
a arrangement that c odd take f actimd qmwrels that had been stastedastatmg
a &ituation. The plain fact of t he t he w mhers by t he irresponsible natima1 offiw is t hat so long a s the Stockyards La- a*
& C b ~ ~ ~ e i l their i mm&&tc e d s hy
served
S w n t he disruptive work of t he &ma,
ta
bore
s qamaiag thousands of men into their i i
mm its, f d l Br&, soon t he former s p
and vwt sums s money .into their wBw4 a d t y d t he workers was destr
f
t h y h cl m trouble to go along with i%. I%& ob %he one unified council that tarried t he big
just a s soon as they thought they
battle through, they now
three: the
eootagh, a s soon as they felt t &
emmct.dated Stockyards L&M?c ouncil, DisC
trict N 9, and a M ecbi-1 Trades Council.
situation well in hand, they c m ~ d m h . f p
o.
covered insurmountable, constitutionah ahqjec- In addition there were a =umber af indepentions t o its p i n g on as bcft h y dent unions disgusted d h all these bodies
and affiliated with
stabbed it to death.
them. The work ,
'.
Even though the veriest t y m ~ 1 ~&eve- of dissllption was
~ci
e+e. The officers of
meat could see from the sen
the Butcher W o h * had done the Chicago
w mkers t hat to break up the S
m o v e q n t t o dm& m d with it the movement
box Council meant to smash the whole! pa&all over the e
ry, f or it is a truism that
ing house movement, t he o Ecials d the t he status of t . =qkinghouse unions every-
c & Stockyards Labor Council a d ieave
d
t b b t t e r only a shell. Tb would G rate a reof t he dualism that had &ed
t he
use workers' srlganizathn & 1904.
I
Bxat.&%%e worried them. T ~ T mt ahead
that
w
I
*-
I
I
22
I
�22
THE L A B O R H E R A L D
where depends direetly upon the degree of
organization prevailing in Chicago, the h a r t
of the industry. After the installation of D s
itrict No, 9 t he f ate af t he union was waled.
I ts course thereafter was rapidly d o m w a r d
I t was only a m atter of time until the packers
s hodd deliver a coup de grace which finally
came in the recent strike.
As Usual, the Rebels
March, 1 2
92
them t o come in to t he struggle. But i each
n
m e all he got was a cold shoulder. The radid 8 , save for a few notable exceptions, w
ould
have nothing to do with the trade l am
ai .
They p d e r r e d t o ~ p e n dheir time in contemt
plation a f their beautiful industrial utopias.
The aoM bawd f act@ f the mass struggle were
o
far 6
them.
bb
H ere w e w me t o t he crux of the trouble.
h l f or the failure of the paekingat
house movement lies with the rebel elements
in t he industry, and they are many, a s the
body. o workers are foreigners. Hart, Lane,
f
a d t he others who held control of the Butcher Workmen"$ csrgmizsrtion during the critical days were typieal craft unionists and
t'herefore altogether unfit t o make headway.
against modern combinations of capital. It
w odd be stupid ts a pectl them to follow any
other course than the ruinoui one they did,
save under pressure. A leopard cannot change
his spots. If t he msvement was t o live and
proBper t he impetus t hereto had t o come up
from below, from an aroused and organized
r ank and file.
But this impetus did not come. The rsclid s , t he only ones who could develop it, were
asleep a t t he switch. Here w as a grerat movem w t p i n g begging f or them to control it.
The enbrmclus organizations in Chicago were
in t he han& of t he minute group 015 r a d i d s who did show enough understinding t o take
p art in f ie movement. And it would have
be= an easy thing t o have secured d m h r
csn*rol i other places, had the r adial elea
men* d y been willing to assume such control. S ficient resistance, a t least, could have
been d m l ~ p e do prevent t he national officials;
t
from wrecking t he union. But no, the radicals
s t a d aside, oallously indifferent, and allowed
t he m ganimtbn t o be cut t o pieces by the
reacthmaries. The loss crf t he packinghome
rnovernwt i s just one more item, and a terrible w e, rhak m ast be added to the heavy price
the t rade m ian movement is paying for the
duollistic n o ~ which have destroyed the
~s
power anet 'krherrce of those w orken who
work failed com- s hodd be its b ut and livest elements.
pletely. The rebids. were simply not to be
roused. They were d heavily afflicted <with
After the v w e E n g of t he Stoclryards La.the "infantile sichew':&. dual unionism a nd
~ O P c m d the downfall of the organization
C
could not be induced
was rA&d* Thousands quit the trade unions
in the fight against
in-dftgpst. Soon t he national officials broke
cags and other cities
t he h a t of the 35,000 members of t he outf are numerous radical
s tmding locals by winning over one John Kithe p c k i g h o u s e wQr
Considering the type of men a t he head
t
of the Butcher Worktam's Unlon,. the onlp
possible hope for t he p a t movement t o succeed was for the live spirits amomg t he rank
and file to take the s i m a t b well in h w d and
force t heir f m t e m t i o d o flcMs iaM line or
o ut of office. This was evident from t he s tart,
and it became more evident as t he movement
wore on. Eor a time t he live wires handling
the Stockyards Labor Council were able t o
hold the reactionary national officials t o
something like a real program. But as t he
latter became more m d more intrenched by
the stabilizing of the union everywhere and
the extendon of their machine, t he spreading
of the rank and file movement to a national
s a l e b e e m e imperative to prevent the general o&cials from wrecking the m v e w a t
through their stupid methods-to put it charitably.
The burden of organizing t bis r ank ihad N e
movement fell.upon 5 W. Johnstone-before
.
the bitter struggle really g ot s tarted =tzpatrick and Foster, t he first president ,and s ecse
t ary of the Stockyards La$& Cewci1, ha4
withdrawn from the mmem~ent t o take up
&her duties. J ohnstme was t he new secret - ~of the Stockyards Labor Council and an
man in the labor movement. H e
had to be done and he tried to do
the national officials s et out t o
Id cdugcif Johnstone undertook to
organize the rebels everytohare against them.
He and tks associates published an i ndqendent p a w a T he Packinghouse Worker, and
s caaered I& b a d c a s t over the industry &
I
T e real
h
'
March, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD -
kulski, a n influential Palish organizer who
was l ater killed by some of his many enemies.
K&ulskiYsdesertion disrupted the rebel ranks,
Many went back with him t o the Butcher
Workmen, and thousands gave up their affiliation altogether. And what was httppening in
Chicago was pretty mnch h appenbg in all the
other packing center& Mismaaagement, if
not worse, by the B u t a e r Workm& officiab,
throttled the organizatiae everywhere.
By t he Spring of 1921 t he organization was
virtually a wreck all oTer t he country. So
much so that the packers, fresh13 freed from
the war-time control a g r e e m a t administered
by Judge Alschuler, d eter&d,b
~ u i t out
f; flash of
of business altogether. B&
the old spirit the workers mlliad again in
wonderful form. Enofmoae mms meetings
took place and the unions grew like weeds.
Quite evidqntly t he workers were decided to
put up a bitter fight. But again their officials
failed them. They meekly accepted the proposed wage cuts and allowed the establishment of the compapy unions. Once more the
organization began t o disintegrate rapidly.
Things went from bad to worse until the
packers announced their next heavy wage cut,
a few months ago. The organization had almost bled to death. Yet the workers responded again, this time more weakly. A
s trike ballot was taken. This carried affirmatively in a small vote, and finally a strike
date was set for December 5th. Then a marvel happened: When the strike was called few
expected that any considerable numbers of
the discouraged and disappoipted workers
would walk out. But when the fateful day
arrived they turned out en masse emrywhere,
h amstrhging t he whole packing industry. I n
Chicago it was estimated that fully 757% of
the actual workers struck, and in other centers the percentage was even higher. A few
of the craft unions, notably the engineers,
stockhatzdlers, etc. wbo had been thoroughly
alienated by the Butcher Workmen officials,
refused to strike. But nevertheless the strike
was quite general. Considering the circumstances, the organized treachery and mismanagement that: the' workers had s d e r e d from
in their unions for years, it was a noble display of solidarity. But it was futile, it was
only the dying agony of the organization.
There was not a possibility for success. There
23
was neither competent leadership among the
rank and file nor among the Butcher Work-.
men officials. ;All t he packers had to do was
to sit tight. for a while a nd'wait for the inevitable collapse. This they did, refusing all
e darts a t settlement. On January 31st t he
g reat break came. The Butcher Workmen
eaf1d o f t he hopeless strike, The packingf
b a s e movement was crushed, b rokm by the
eornb'mled mismanagement of its official leaders and tbq indifference of the rebel elements
in the industry.
As to the Future
What the future has to offer for the packinghouse workers in the way of organization
is problematical. After such a crushing defeat, following in the train of so much betrayal and mismanagement by their o%cials,
i t is safe to say that they will be seized by
profound demoralization and depression, Already the dual unions are gathering to feed
upon the corpse of the fallen giant and to add
to the general confusion. They have nothing
to offer, in spite of t heir glowing programs.
The only hopeful h ctor in the situation is the
changed views of many radicals in t he industry. Within the last few months (although
too late to appreciably affect the dying movement) they have come to see that it is their
part to stay in the old unions and to so organize themselves there as to'compel t h i proper
handling of t he organization, no matter who
may stand at its. head. Had they understood
this fact three or four years ago and taken
charge of the packinghouse movement when
it lay wide open before them, the whole history of it would have been d iaerent. Instead
of being crushed and defeated as they now
are, the packinghouse workers would still possess a powerful and well-intrenched trade
union organization.
It i s never too late to mend. The rebels
in the packing industry must set out a t once
to break the power of the reactionaries a t the
head of their organization. They must see to
it t hat when t he n ext big drive comes, and it
i s only a m atter of time, the mea who conduct
it are real wrsrkiag class fighters and not,
m ere place-hmtiers and incompetent bureaucrats. I n t hat direction alone lies the pessibility f or ~ uccess.
Ta
-.
�THE LABOR HERALD
24
March, 19.22
March, 1922
The Struggle in the Building Trades
-
dstently g
The Coal &err
,
r
the old craft union tactics of each separate uniofor itself. The employers have organized a solid
front, backed by Judge Landis, and by the "Citizen's Comtnittee" with its many mi%lions of dolhrs
have a1pledged to break the unbns. T he
lowed their soEdarity t o be b r h up, clch lldnn
acting for itself, l i t b u t any k Wdnllpba ~h~
the *wul mu& be
rwults a re phh,
befare Labor cran 5 gb a & a
ig
battle.
*rted
May- &st last y a r ,
&-S
&I'
A w c b t i ~ f ie*ed
r
ta res d e @ ~s8im@ly &kek a nd locked a t
&a
T hb I k o & eontiizued uatil
the empkoyero agd t he uaipns
agree&@smpt. t he #ago.qnas&a to arbitration, and
am s
agreed upon J1~da;eL a a ' the arbitrator. In the
m eantbe L t x e ~ 3 c e ~ d arrage of newspaper atb~ s
tack k id been levelled at the -ions, and preparations were made to "get them" in the arbitration
@recess. Landis immediately took the uBensive by
assuming jurisdicOion over working rureq in addition to wages. In September he announced his
award which slashed wage8 savagely and completely
revised t he working rules. The utuen members
spontaneously walked off their jobs, although the
unions did not immec2iatdy call a strike. The contractware willing to reopen the ease. The
B uWng Trades Council was capable o i 'handling a
dispate with some degree of success so bag a s the
opp6nent was only the cantractors. But this time
the Unions were up a minst something biggm. T he
*Citizensy- ommittee" h@dk e n formed, containing
C
& e financbl and c opxmte powers of Chicago, with
a w r .chest of n zillie~saf d ~ b r s and they took
,
of the capitalist Side-of the fight.
hrings with i t he most serious
t
work* d-ting
w ith moh other, and increasing
the ciatfwa and lack a f wlidarity.
The B m . g Trades Gmd, t he body which has
b r n e b t sbpt =hat united action there has hereto@ been v tte~lp nable to cape with this
u
fore
situatim. Z& has been for a strike, then it has been
a shist, && . h r a strike again; but it has not been
ab'le. s ac&.tlre unified attack of all the capitalist
~g&jzatid@, te w e all its forces one way or
the @&es at the s a m time. Under pressure of the
attack, of t he bitter newspaper barrage of lies, of
t he weight of Judge Landis, and the ,force of the
massed millions of the Citizens' C omdttee, t he slender threads of solidarity woven by t he federation
~ f +e craft unions in the Building Trades Council
i
have given way. As this is baing m itten, t he
Council has voted to accept the award, while many
unions are in bitter rebellion and are refusing to
accept it under any condition.
Federation of the 2 and more unions into the
5
.
Building Tradfes CounQil 3s not enough; it has
=~Sxomhe beginning of these anfortunate arbit
ceedings,. the result of w hkh might
been foreseen, the buil&ng trades
'
ces were split, Five of the qaions were
to the' arbitration from the first. Those
unwise as to participate ie the yonivided into those who accepted it with
and the "good unions" who were d l EUILJX&fQ'&%ARES ORKERS! N EW METHW
orders. The regult was a dsage of the unions being o ut 6 6 ~ ODS ARE NECESSARY TO MEET YOUR ENning to work about the same EMIES 'REDAY. GET CLOSER TO-GETHER,
as went out. Some of the JOIN BANDS, AND AMALGAMATE YOUR
tried to get the good will
KZ
oe got it by going back to UNIONS D B 3 OME COVERING T E E .ENTIRE
of the tmp
STRY.
A few of them have con- BUILDING
Qrderabundleof
-
THF: L ABOR HERALD
to sell at your uniod%i~tings.-hbundles U 10 o more, 12 cents per mpy
r
'
adem, intema1 and e xtend.
Rcga&g t%e external side of it: the emp l o ~ wre determined as never before t o deal
a
us a h u s h i a blow. The "open shop" deooteeslare s o axmaraged by their success in drivk gk k
railroad men, smashing t he buildi.ng t&s# &kcS t hat they are all set t o give
US s ,first
trimming7 Indeed, they have
1 start, as the wr&nd Colorado districts
s aur whole union is
to
meckd we will have t o g et r ight down
t o h s h t i : ~ad put up such a struggle as we
a~
h&re never made before,
But our internal crisis is worse even t han
the external one. We stand i n the most imminetlt danger of a disruption that will lay
us helpless be-fore o ur enemies who are all
ready to devour us. T he quarrel over the
Kansas situation is thxeatening t o split o ur
organization. This would be absolutely fatal.
It must be: avoided at all costs. Whatever
comes or goes,t he rqiners must present a solid
f ront this year. Anything else would be sucidal.
Lewis's treatment of H awat and the Kansas
miners is ;t crime, a disgrace that can never
b e lhigated from t he records of trade unianism. But it must not be allowed to l u d t o
- a split. k h m u l d be t he last word in folly.
Tim .e~-mgg not make a right. That would
de
be meref9 c utting off our nose t o spite our
face. 'The very most t hat could be accomp lisbd by 3 secession movement would be
t he t m t i ~ ? n f; t wo miners' unions, both of
o
a h a t t he same strength. Those who tell us
t hat t he masses o f t he men would rally to the
new d o n a re either fools or tools of the employers. At this particular time we will do.
well to t urn a deaf ear t s t he preachers of hot
a ir dual unionism, those who appear at critical moments in union struggles iwd t ear the
unions all t a pieces on the basis of their beautiful schemes of dual unionism. These a re the
j akals o t he labor movement.
f
mly ones
who pmfit f rom their activities are %h&osses.
b
A split now would be worth $ 1 8 ) 0 , 1 0 0 0 , ~ o
t
the mine operators.
I n t his crisie our course is plain. On 16he
*
Much bitterness has been aroused in the worfrerss
ranks in the course of this fight. Harsh names have
been called, and charges hurled back and forth.
Probably some of tho harsh names are just; surely
some of the. charges have truth behind t h e a But
this is t he lesson which building trade's workers must
learn from this experience, or it will have been in
vain: TEESE CONDITIONS WILL CONTINUE
UNTIL THE BUILDING TRADES UNIONS ARE
SOLIDLY UNITED INTO ONE ORGANIZATION.
broken d
-1;
i t doe6 not meet the conditions of todarp. Eaa#hing short of COMPLETE AMALGAMATION af all'building trades uniQns into one indusMal m ion for the buildig trades, will meet t he
situation. Such a unified, solidly organized body of
workers, l by men of spirit and intelligence,
d
d d quickly change the present terrible chgos,
&t
&y
c ad helplessness In t he face of a united
B d & n g Trades Union, the "Citizens' Committee*
and Judge Landis would R pitifully impotent.
e
25
Crisis
-
~ out a p i n s t t he whole b u s h a s f rom
d
The
fight ia Chicago
anoth
egin*.
c end.
" glaringb dding trddes'the foolishness of isontinuwg ~ b,&se 4wo: pg&tions, Others ohave wavered between
example of
c
t
p h g n strike, going back to
(7
THE LABOR H E R A L D
,
one hand we must Dreoare for a d es~erate
and & t he
internal quarre1 does not ~ r ~ d u c esecession movement:
a
We must c o n h e our fight within the bounds
of the Unite'd Mine Workers. Our muse is
t he cause of progress. It i s a just one and
when t he great rank and file come to understand it they will rally t o a ur suport. Lewis
was able to muster a majority of wstes against
u s a t the re-convevned convention. B i t he
barely squeaked by. And if we keep going
ahead it will be only a m atter of a short while
until he will come t o his Waterloo. The only
thing t hat can save him would be the same
thing that has saved dogens of other fakers in
similar crises, a ~ ecessim ovement t hat pulls
m
out the oposition and leaves the reactionaries
. i n control. w e must avoid any such mistakes
this time.
Lewis' s trength is due more to our mistakes
nagement. Our side
than to his own ~ o md
has made blunder after blunder in tactics.
Many of them would be ridiculous were t h y
not so tragic. We must sharpen up our wits
and sit right i nto this fight as thoulgh we
meant business. The fate of the eoal m k r s '
orgrtnizatian depends upon our g etting rid of
Lewis and all t he bunch grouped aroundi*him.
We must organize ourselves better. We must
see to it t hat our cause is carried into every
local organization in the whole union, p t hat
when delegates a re e leded t o t he varibm dist ricts and national conventions they
have
some idea as to what the .&ht i s
. jout.
I b i s they dn not have at t he prestime.
Abeve all we mczst have T journal that will
voiee o ur cause. 8 w International j aad is
absolutely stacked against us. W m s
e ut
counteract its l ies, which have been primarily
t-espaasible for owl defeat so far. Before
many months have gone by we s h d d have a
re&r
independent coal tnine1-s' paper t hat
will c arry the trtlth t o t he m i e.nd file. And
f.k
.
in t he n ~ ~ a n t i m ve should ten11 our hearty
-e
support to The Labor,Herald. I t may be depended upan t u fight emr battle tc the best af
its ability.
Besides this we mwst organize our forces
better. At all t he district and national conventioas, t he rebel elements should get to(Continued on page 31)
- +-I'
.'
d
�THE LABOR HERALD
26
March, 1
922
March, 1922
T H E L A B 0R HERALD
27
-
THE L ABOR HERALD
A Militant, Constructive Monthly
Trade Union Magazine
Official Organ of the
Trade Union Educational League
WM. Z. FOSTER, EDITOR
Subscription price, $250 per y
-
e
Published a t
118 N La Salle Sweet
o.
CHICAGO, ILL.
M ember of The Federated Press
LABOR USING THE INJUNCTION
T
,
.
e,
HE s ettlement of the New York Cloakmakers'
strike, which was brought about by Judge
Wagner issuing a n injunction compelling the
Manufacturers' Protective Association to live up to
their agreement with the International Ladies Garment Workers' Union, raises still more clearly the
ever-sharpening question of whether or not Labor
shall make use of the injunction as a fighting
weapon. Schlessinger and Hilquit loudly respond
in the affirmative. o n e would think, from reading
"Justice," official organ of the union, that a new
and wonderful means had just been discovered to
free the working class. But as for us we answer
categorically, NO! ;We a re absolutely opposed to
t he labor movement employing the injunction, ..ad
we unhesitatingly prophecy that any widespread
attempt in that direction will cnIy r esuit in m ore
firmly fastening the shackles of slavery upon tlie
workers.
Our basic reason for opposing the injunction ,no
matter by whom it is invoked, is that it gives the
courts an enormous share of control over the settlement of industrial disputes, and we have absolutely no faith in the courts. We are not childish
enough to think they will give Labor a square deal.
On the contrary, we know very well that they
are as reactionary as the employers, if not even
more s b A t least nine times out of ten they rule
against the organized workers. Does Labor wish
to leave 3s cause to the tender mercy of such a
brace game as that? If so, all that it has to do
is to reco&e
a nd use the injunction and the job
will be done. As s ure as fate, it can Iook forward
t o a thorough clubbing from the courts.
It would be stapid t o judge Organized Labor's
possibilities with the injunction by drawing hasty
conclusions from the Cloakmaker s trike settlement.
Judge Wagner is a n exceptional case, the unusual
instance of a man on the bench with some slight
L abor has had other
sense of honor and hummi*.
experiences with the i n j u n ~ t b n , nd they run much
a
truer to type, they are much more i n line with
what we must expect from t he oourts than is the
Cloakmakers' experience.
A case in point occurred in Chicago eighteen
months ago. The Stark Piano Company had an
agreement with the Piano and Organ Makers'
Union. Although this still had a long term to run,
the company suddenly violated it, slashed wages,
and locked the workers out. The case was almost
identical with that of the Cloakmakers. The International Union, against the advice of many labor
men ,then sued for an injunction to make the company conform to its agreement. Not only was its
suit denied, but the very same judge, d wing t he
same sitting, granted the empIoyers a typical air
tight injunction against the workers. And \ rho was
surprised? Certainly not any intelligent l abor men.
How could they look upon the affair ~ x c e p t s the
a
logical working of our class courts?
Another illustrative case occurred in Pittsburgh
during the steel strike. The city authcrities had
forbidden the holding of meetings of a ll kinds by
the strikers. Even business m.eet;ngs ci t he local
unions were prohibited. Wherenpon, the steel ccmmittee's lawyer, who had much of t he same faith
in the courts that a ppafently Schlessinger and Hilquit have, prayed the Alleghenv County Court of
Common Pleas to enjoin Mayor Babcock from int erfering with a local union of the Amalgamated
Association of Iron, Steel, and Tin Workers from
holding its regular business meetings. Could labor
posibly have had a stronger case? Yet, what was
the result? Not only was the injunction denied,
but the Mayor's supression of free assembly was
. endorsed. Grace to our attorney's naive faith in
the courts, the petty politician's tyranny received
the solemn sanction of law. And one would be
astounded were it otherwise.
Still another case has occurred in Chicago within
the past month. The Carpenters' Union sought an
injunction against the "Open Shop" Citizens' Committee which is fighting the building trades unions.
Of course it was refused. . T h e practical result of
i ts effort was to strengthen the Citizens' Committee and give its nefarious activities the color of
legality. And so it will nearly always be when
Labor attempts to employ the weapon par exceIlence of the "open shoppers," the injunction.
Few indeed are the points upon which we are in
agreement with Mr. Gompers. By and large, we
consider his philosophy and policy to be the very
antipodes of what the labor movement requires.
But we must admit that he is theoretically straight
on the injunction question, even as he is on the
anti-strike laws. H e declares that such measures
are tyrannical invasions of the most fundamental
rights of the workers and must be openly disregarded. That is the very best of rebel doctrine,
and in i t lies the solution of the injunction and
many other difficult problems. That Mr. Gompers has never gone beyond theory in the matter
in no way changes the correctness of his position.
By ignoring the mandates of the Kansas Industrial
Court, Alex Hoarat a nd his co-fighters have done
more to destroy the menace of such institutions
than all the lawyers in the country could have
done by fighting them through the courts.
We must not recognize or use the injunction. W e
must fight it openly. Because the courts are
stacked against us, i t is purely an employers' weapon-the decision of Judge Wagner to the contrary
notwithstanding. The trade union movement of
America is right on the injunction. It will have
nothing t o do with it. To destroy this clear understanding, to delude the workers into believing that
t hey can successfully use the injunction as a
weapon in their own behalf, is to take a long step
backward, not forward, Mr. Hilquit. I t will result not only in giving Labor a false and unwarranted faith in the courts but also in definitely institutionalizing the injunction. When Labor begins
to use the injunction itself it can no longer cornplain a t the employers doing so, nor can it use
militant tactics agaiflst i ts application. W e say,
beware of using the injunction; it is poison to
Labor.
A m A L ACHIEVEMENT
T
.
H E annual meeting of the Fe'derated P ress
b riags forcefully to our attention the revolution that h as been achieved in labor journalism in
the Uhited States. Four years ago this field was
the most cheerless and disheartening prospect imaginable. It was a veritable chaos. There were hundreds 'of isolated little sheets, each with its underpaid and overworked editor trying to spin the
material for his paper out of his own tired brain.
There was the dry-as-dust and absurd A. % of L.
.
News Letter with its stupid and trivial items from
two weeks to six months stale, not to mention the
petrified trade journals, full of cheerless and uninteresting technical matter and "women's pages"
giving the latest dress patterns. All in all i t was
a picture of isolation, stagnation, desolation and
hopelessness.
Into this chaos came the organizing spirit of an
idea, the idea of a real labor news service, the idea
of the Federated Press. There are thousands of
things going on in the world, in which Labor is
vitally interested. The news is all available, given
the organization to get it and distribute it. The
Federated Press brought the organization into this
neglected field. Under the influences of this new
force our press has made strides forward which
are really remarkable. Our journals have a new
life and vitality. Compare the journals of today
with those of four years ago, and get a measure o i
t he progress made. No other country in the world
today has so good a labor news service and labor
press; it is the one field of labor organization in
which we are not lagging. This is another example
of what a few live progressivcs can do, if they set
to work in a sane, energetic, constructive manner.
so-called "better classes" as a m atter of principle.
Over their doors, in spirit if not in letter, runs the
fateful legend: "Abandon hope all ye capitalist. who
enter herein." They discriminate openly in favor
of the workers, and are careful to tell the whole
world of the fact.
Why the hypocricy of American courts, and why
the frankness of Russian courts, in recognizing their
patently class character? The answer is easy. 'The
class that the Landises serve is an exploiting class,
a parasitic class, whose prosperity involves the enslavement and degradation of the rest of society.
'They do not dare to acknowledge their defense of
the interests of such an anti-social class. But in
Russia the courts protect the interests of the great
working class, the useful class, the class whose supreme mission is the regeneration and civilization
of society. The Russian courts may well be proud
of militantly defending the interests of this alli mportant social element. That is the difference be
courts.
between American class courts and Russian class
GOMPERS AND RUSSIA
M
formal protest
the participaI NtionAKINGhas but addedinoneagainstitemConference,
of Soviet Russia
the Genoa
Mr. Gompers
more
to his piti-
ful "policy" towards Russia. All the world knows
that Russia is broken down industrially, and that
its only hope for rehabilitatisn rests in commerce
with the balance of the nations. And all the world
knows likewise, that the whole European economic
system is so shattered that it can never be set right
while the Russian blockade is on. But all this means
nothing to Mr. Gormpers. H e has his own pet little
theory (apparently gleaned from the New York
Times) as to how the Russian people should conduct their Government, and until they canform t o
it Mr. Gompers is willing to let world economics
go hang.
Mr. Gompers' attitude toward the Genoa conference is altogether in line with his attitude towards
the Russian famine relief work. Here are twenty
millions of peasants starving to death under the
most awful circumstances, yet Mr. Gompers, although standing a t the head of a great movement
whose sole aim is the lifting up of the oppressed
and the suffering, has made absolutely no effort
through -the American Federation of Labor to raise
funds for their relief. They are not even Bolsheviki, but Mr. Gompers is so blinded and unbending
TWO KINDS OF CLASS COURTS
in his hatred towards everything Russian that he
H E American courts are like the Russian courts, would l et t hem die without extending them a helpin that they are class courts. I n both countries ing hand of fellowship. This is carrying political
the courts are instruments to keep a class in sub- partisanship beyond the uttermost pale. Even the
jection. But they differ in the fact that the Ameri- capitalist politicians themselves, the H ardings a nd
can courts hypocritically deny their class charac- others, whom Mr. Gompers himself has denounced
ter, whereas the Russian courts proudly boast of it. as the blackest reactionaries, have shown more heart
In the United States the Landises, t he Andetsons, and human sympathy in the situation.
How long shall this shameful thing be allowed to
and the thousands of their ilk who wear the Urobes
of justice," shamelessly do t h e w otk of the employ- continue? Is it not time that Organized Labor
ing class and crush the workers down t o submission. awoke from its slumber and insisted upon a rational
They fill t he jails with Mooneys a nd Howats, and policy towards Russia? Mr. Gompers' senile prenegate every liberal law on the statute books. Then judices must be swept aside or overridden. Labor
with solemn pomposity they fare forth t o convince in this country must demand the unconditional lifta gullible world that their purely class institutions ing of the blockade against Russia, and the extenare based upon principles of impartiality. How dif- sion of every possible assistance to her hard pressed
n
ferent it is i Russia! There the c ourts soak the people.
T
�28
THE LABOR HERALD
THE INTERNATIONAL
GREAT BRITAIN
E British trade union movement is now passing through a severe crisis. I t has recently lost
quite heavily in membership, and conditions of
labor have been somewhat worsened all around.
This is largely due to the terrible industrial depression, which is the worst in Britain's history. On
December 31st, t here were 1,885,300 workers totally
unemployed and over 2,000,000 on short time. Government figures put the total number of days work
lost last year from this cause a t 50,000,000. I n addition to this naturally disadvantageous condition,
the trade unions are also afflicted with a considerable amount of demoralization. This set in among
them after the betrayal by t heir leaders in the Tripple Alliance strike movement last Spring. The
workers have largely lost heart. An illustration of
the general state of the movement is seen in the
circulation of the London Daily Herald, which has
dropped from 400,000 in 1920 to about 200,000 at the
pesent time.
Taking advantage of the situation, so favorable
to them, the employers are making a big drive
against the organizations. In nearly every trade,
transport, railroads, textiles, metal, etc., they are
forcing the unions slowly backward. In a few instances they have actually gone so far as to declare the "open shop," which has created quite a
sensation in airtight union England.
Unlike our leaders here however, the British
unionists are not standing idle and helpless under
this attack. They are meeting it by a general
tightening up of the lines everywhere. Get-together movements are the order of the day now
in England. The Miners and the Metal Workers
(A. E. U.) have signed an agreement whereby the
A. E. U. members working around the mines agree
to strike whenever the miners go out, and they
also agree to pay a portion of their dues into the
Miners' Union to cover the cost of negotiations
with the companies. Besides this a most important amalgamation has taken place in the transport industry, fifteen big unions having joined
hands and formed the Transport and General
Workers' Union. The National Union of Shipsy
Cook, Stewards, etc, has amalgamated with the
British Seafarers Union and formed the Amalgan ated Marine Workers' Union. Marchbanks of the
National Union of Railwaymen has also declared
For one solid. union of every branch of the railroad
tnd general transport service.
But probably more important than any other
feature of this general closing up movement is the
proposition now being acted upon in referendum
by the affiliated unions, to give the General Council of the Trades Union Congress control over all
serious disputes involving trade union standards
so that the united force of the whole movement
may be brought into action when necessary. The
proposition reads: "that in the event of any attack
being made upon any uni6n's general standard of
wages or conditions, the union should not take
action without seeking the advice of the General
Council, and so giving an opportunfty for the consideration of a united policy!'
This is the first
definite move of the British unions to unite the
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
whole labor movement into one compact organization-much as the Belgium and Australian workers are now doing. It is fraught with tremendous
possibilities.
FRANCE
Sad disruption has come into the ranks of French
Labor. A definite split has occurred between the
right and left wings of the trade union movement.
This is the result of a bitter struggle between the
two.
Before the war the French General Confederation of Labor was a very revolutionary organization, but during the big upheaval many of its leaders degenerated into typical labor fakers. This
forced the radicals to organize groups all through
the various unions in opposition to the traitorous
bureaucracy. The minority organization, known as
the Revolutionary Syndicalist Committee, or C. S. R.,
was in line with the customary tactics of French
trade union radicals for many years past.
To defeat the rapidly growing C. S. R., the old
bureaucracy began to expel local unions connected with it. This provoked still further opposition and bad feeling. At the Congress of Lille
last Spring the disruptionist policy of the old officialdom was rebuked. But after the Congress it
was continued just the same. C. S. R. locals were
expelled on all sides. Things went from bad to
worse, with the revolutionaries trying desperately
to stay in the unions and the reactionaries t o expel
them. The latter think that if they can get rid
of the radicals the Government a nd t he empIoying
class will show appreciation of the "cleansed"
unions by giving them recognition and consideration.
Finally the situation got so bad that the organized revolutionaries. to save themselves from annihilation and the movement with them, called a
special national convention to decide upon their
next move for unity and a militant labor movement.
At this juncture, the. Red Trade Union International (Moscow), fearing a split, proposed to the
International Federation of Trade Unions (Amsterdam) that the two bodies meet and compose the
differences between the warring facttons. But the
latter conservatiee organization, which is of one
mind with the French union stand-patters, declined
to assist in keeping the movement intact.
The left-wing unity national convention met in
Paris on December 22-24. To pacify the situation,
it offered to virtually dissolve the Revolutionary
Syndicalist Committee, which was presumably the
bone of contention. But the old officialdom w eie
cold to this. With their unshakable determination
to drive the radicals out even if they had to also
expel the majority of the whole labor movement
that is lined up with them, they refused the conciliation. Then, seeing that all else was hopeless,
the radical convention demanded the calling of a
general Congess of the whole French labor movement early this year and in the meantime set up
a provisional council to act until the Congress takes
plzce.
As things now stand there are practically two
distinct labor movements in France, one radical
a nd the other conservative. Each either has or is
busy establishing provisional organizations in all
of the industries. It is factional war to the knife.
A t present the radicals have the best of it. The
majority of the workers are on their side, won over
by the latter's skillful campaign in the old unions.
Unless all signs fail the old guard are doomed and
the French movement due- for a rennaissance.
BOOK REVIEWS
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
"Through the Russion RevoIution," by Albert
Rhys Williams, is more than an ordinary book.
Williams w ent through the first months of the revolution, a nd was personally acquainted with many
of t he chief actors. He saw the large aspects of
the greatest social upheaval, and a t the same time
preserved a keen sense of the Russian atmosphere.
He gives the reader both in this book. Especially
valuable are the colored reproductions of the flaming posters which are the unique contribution of
the Communists of Russia to the practice of education of the masses. Here is working-class a r t and
science, organized by a working-class Government;
the thing is laid before one in its originaI form,
together with an amazingly interesting story of the
revolution a s seen through the eyes of Williams.
I t is too bad that the book, with all its splendid
features, cannot be published a t a price which
would give it a wider circulation. W e hasten to
add, t hat compared with other book prices in the
United States, this one is very reasonabIe.
29
"Pen Pictures of Russia," by J ohn S. Clarke, is
quite a different sort of book, but in its way quite
as interesting. The author describes it as "Reminiscences of a surreptitious journey to Russia to
attend the Second Congress of the Third International," and the story is a curious mlxture of narrative of the journey, historical ancedotes. literary
recollections and quotations; and keen observations on things Russian and things revolutionary.
Clarke is editor of The Worker, a weekly paper of
Glasgow, and puts the same rough-and-ready vitality into this book that he does into his paper.
T he forty-two photographs reproduced are not the
least interesting part of the book.
"Through the Rusian Revolution," by Albert Rhys
Williams. Boni & Liveright, New York. $2.
"Pen Pictures of Russia," by John S. Clarke. Na
tional Workers' Committees, Glasgow.
SPECIAL NOTICE 1
In compiling the list of 1,000, live wires with
whom we are communicating to organize THE
TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE, we did
our level best to get the names of the most active
and reliable workers in each locality. There is no
doubt, however, but that we have erred in many
places and have got hold of the wrong parties.
Where such is the case, and where our correspondents do not take the proper action in forming
League branches, we trust that the local militants
will realize the difficulties we are under, and will
get busy a t once to straighten the situation out.
m
RAILROAD M EN!
Learn why our trade unions are on the retreat and what to do about i t?
The Labor Herald for April
will be a
Special Railroad Number Articles by many nationally known rank and file railroad men outlining the
weakness of o ur unions and initiating immediate action t o remedy it.
Every Railroad Man
Must Read This Vital Numbg
�T H E L . A B OR H ; E R A L D
LABOR BREVITIES
Newport, Ky.-Tanks
a nd troops are patrolling
the streets here at the request of the Steel Trust, on
account of a strike at the Newport Rolling Mills
Co. Col. Denhart's soldiers have run amuck, assaulting promisciously, so that even t h e city authorities have joined the unions in their protest. Fourteen units of State troops are on duty.
"Provisional Government"
Pittsburg, Kan,-The
o i t he miners of District 14, set up by J. L. Lewis
with a few hundred members, has sent delegates to
the national convention a t Indianapolis to contest
the seating of delegates of the followers of Howat,
consisting of almost 1 ,
3
m miners in the state.
Under advice of friends, H owat a nd Dorchey have
given bonds to secure release from jail for the period of the convention, and are a t Indianapolis to
place their case again before the delegates.
St. Paul-State troops were used effectively here
in breaking the spirit of the packinghouse strikers.
Terrorism on the streets, and invgsion of strikers'
homes by the soldiers were testified to by many
witnesses in hearings before the Grand Jury.
New York-Unions
and workers' organizations
affiliated to the Friends of Soviet Russia have con~ ributedm ore than a third of a million dollars in
cash, and over a quarter of a million dollars worth
of medicines, clothing, etc., in the national drive for
Russian famine relief. Other organizations cooperating through the American Federated Russian
Famine Relief Committe have brought the total cash
well over the half million mark.
Chicag-The
s tory of the mine war in West
Virginia, with its martial law and assasination of
union officials by company gunmen, and wholesale persecution by the State, is told in a series
of articles sent out in February by the Federated
Press. These articles were prepared by the Civil
Liberties Union of New York, a n orgainzation of
liberals not connected with the labor movement,
and summarizes the evidence given before the Senate Investigating Committee which disclosed the
lawless rule of the companies prevailing in the coal
fields of that State.
Washington-"To
secure to all men the enjoyment of the gains which their industry produces,"
is said to be the purpose of a conference called in
Chicago on February Mth, of trade union and farm
organization representatives, and spokesmen oi
liberal parties and groups. The( practical aim seems
to be to secure co-ordinated action in the coming
elections of the labor parties and sympathetic elements. The call is said to be authorized by the sixteen railroad unions.
Albany, N. Y.-Labor
in this state will have an
opportunity to show how much it has learned from
the Kansas miners about the way to kill oppressive legislation, if the bill which has been introduced to establish an Industrial Relations Court is
made law. The bill calls for a special session of
the Supreme Court which will have power to determine wages and working conditions in New York
State, and prohibits strikes and picketing under
penalty of imprisonment. Labor organizations are
March, 1922
March, 1922
and it is r2volutionary; i t i s the only plan offered today that
gives the d igbtest h p e of soIidifying labor'^ s cattered
rallying, to fight the bill, and if it becomes Iaw they
say that it will be openly and in mass disobeyed.
Nebraska City-Governor
McKelvie s ent state
troops into the packinghouse districts here at the
request of the big packing companies, to suppress
the strike.
forces and cglling a halt l o the o ictMious m ar& of organized Capital,
T he fnasue m arks a n epoeh i n o ur labor h istory.- I ca.nt
n ot possibly fail if o w people have a y imagination w hatever; first, b eerum it shows clearly the meet way of tackliag a u r p r ~ b l e m s ; a e m d , i t or$anire.s a ll the heretofore
disorganized radical a nd p ragressiac forces; and t hitd, by
w n o Feb. 10. 1922
eg,
D ear Sir and Brother:-I
have c areidly r ead t h advance
r h n g ~ h u l t a n e o u s l y on a s ingle plan i n many hundred
p ages of t he L AB6R HERALD s eat to me, a a d to shaw
t owns a t t he e m b e , i t draws the fire of our reactionary
what I t hfnk d i t am enclogiia,~m m e r o rder fgr 25 e ~ p i e s leaders from tbe inafviduPil r adical I t h e single laeality,
n
of tka f i s t issae.
t o the h undred t imes rtraagcr g roup in many b n b e d s 08
If t he r est o t he articlks in t hig E rst issuc a r e a s h&- loealitics. This plan multipUer the e B~etiveness of o ur
f
ment-91 a nd timely as t he sdvaner: a rticle I have seea. I
pmpagrrnda a t housandf~ld,whila at the s ame time i t gives
will G v e all my spare time t o a$&
t he good news t hat
the g reatest protection a g a h t d f s ~ r h i n a f i o n ,blacklist, etc.
a tJast we have a atonbhly m a w t hat c overs t he l abat
used a sainst individual a gltatws,
srmblems. n ot only of America, but of t he entire w orld i n
I u nreservedly accept the principles and program of the
a eompteheasive, constructive. a n& a ggressive astamer t hat
League, end affer a ll my spare time in its service. As a
WB ean $eat$ t o the pie-card artist and the t k e r , and
m
member of t he rank and fk I s ay I t is our L a g u e , i t is
i
t he r apid g rgwth of a m ilitant and solidly united E ghting
aar fight, a nd i t i o ur job to put into e @ s t t he pw@;rin
s
laid down h T he Trade Union Educational L a m e .
.
h+w movement.
' F raternally y orvs
Trinidad, Co1o.-Troops which have been patrolling the strike district in Huerfano County coal
fields were withdrawn about the first of February.
Denver, Co1o.-The
S tate Industrial Commission
designed to prevent strikes, has obtained the imprisonment of the leaders of the packinghouse
workers' union, for their part in leading the recent
walkout. Following the lead of the Kansas miners,
the Colorado packinghouse workers refused to recognize the "can't strike" law.
S. H N
..
San Francisco--It is rumored that a move is
about to be made to heal the split in the Building
Trades Council and bring back the unions now outside in the Rank and File Federation. Active unionists say that such a move will be hailed with delight by all sincere union men who deplore the
present disruption.
F rom California.
Fresno, Feb. 1 1922
.
D ear Sir and Bro.:-I.
was sure glad to hear about the plan
YOU a re working o n for the railroadmen, to get us out of
t he hole we are in. The men here are much enthused about
t he proposals, and, looking forward with great interest.
Send me a bundle of the magazine. Fraternally,
CHAS. BRENNEN
F rom the Secretary of a Railroad Union Council:
A SUGGESTION I
St. Paul, Feb. 6, 1922
Dear Sir and Brother:-Please
send me 25 copies of "The
Principles and Program of the Trade Union Education
League" reprint from THE LABOR HERALD. Also advise
if large quantities are obtainable for general distribution.
I am endeavoring to interest the Shop Crafts State Legislative Committee in this work, and if successful, to send a
copy to the secretaries of all local unions, shop chairmen and
roundhouse points in the state.
Fraternally,
( Editor's Note: The leagues in the various cities are requested
to give consideration to the following letter):
New York, Feb. 6, 1 9n.
Dear Sir and Brother :
I see by your Rules of Organization that you
have done, away with all dues and per capita tax in
THE TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE.
Personally I t hink this is a very good thing, and I
a m heartily in favor of the proposition.
We must by all means avoid giving any chance
for the charge of dual organization to be applied to
us. This is accomplished by the rules you have
adopted. Certainly no one can say that we are a
dual union, when the entire finance will come from
literature 'sales, voluntary donations, etc.
The only point that needs consideration is, how
are we to have a definite test of membership in the
League. I understand from the rules how this is
taken care of for the National Conference. W e
are going to have delegates according to the average circulation in our localities of T H E LABOR
HERALD. But this doesn't solve our local League
problem. I w ant to make a suggestion on this
point.
Why should not each local League ask each member to subscribe for THE LABOR HERALD. who
is also a good union man, and wants to join the
League, is certainly entitled to a full voice and vote
in the Lgague; but any one who isn't a subscriber
-well, I'd be inclined to let 'em speak, but dam'd
~f I'd want to see 'em vote.
S a I suggest that each local League make the test
of full membership to be "Subscription to THE
LABOR HERALD!'
Anyway, let's talk it over.
You'll think a long time before you hit on a better
plan to get an accurate and definite membership
list, and a t the same time avoid completely the
dues system and per capita tax. What do you say
to it.
Fraternally yours,
J. S. R.
THE L A B 0R HERALD
Two good ones from Ohio.
E. Liverpool, Jan. 30th, 1922
Dear Comrades:-Have just been reading about the Trade
Union Educational League, and it looks good to me. We
are working along those lines a t present in o ur Potter's
Union; we are trying t o amalgamate four closely related
crafts into one union, and it looks like we will accomplish
it. We have some live wires here, and all are looking forward to the new magazine, THE LABOR HERALD
T. C.
Dear Sir and Brother:-Please
rush about 200 copies of
THE LABOR HERALD and send bill for same.
Fraternally,
J. B
.
F rom the Secretary of a Central Labor Union.
4
J anuary 29, 1922
Dear Sir and Brother:-As
secretary of the Central Labor
Union, I feel it my duty after reading your program to
write you for full information, so that we here can be
playing the game with the rest of the active workers right
from the start. Hoping this venture will meet with the best
of success, and promising you my fullest co-operation.
Fraternally,
January 22, 1922
Dear Comrade:-Rush
by express C. 0 D. one hundred
.
copies of RAILROADERS' NEXT STEP. Must have them
X. Y Z..
.
for system meeting next week. Fraternally
... .
.
New York, peb. gth, 1922
Comrade Foster:-Just
received, read, a d re-read, the advance copy of THE PRINCIPLES AND P R O M O F THE
TRADE UNION EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE?
f h ave been
eagerly awaiting the advent of the League, hoping w ith a
w e hadly t inctured with scepticis'm peculiar to the Axnerie aa radical, born and reared i n t hat dualistis, "destroy-the
k F. of L.' atmosphere, which I see more clearly than ever
h as been the curse of the movement for the past thirty
years.
I a ssure you my scepticism has been entirely removed.
The program leaves no room for argument; it is p ractical
Discipline vs; Freedom in Russia
(Continued from page 14)
of the individual for the sake of the mass remains an inescapable necessity of the labor
movement, nevertheless. It is an inexorable
condition of successful movements by the
masses a t this stage of their development.
When the Soviet Government establishes freedom of speech, press, and assembly for all
classes in Russia-and that must soon occurit will be the unmistakable sign t hat the situation has passed beyond the stage of life and
death struggle; the sure indication that the
revolution has triumphed and that the new
society is firmly established.
The Coal Miners Crisis
(Continued from page 25)
g ether a nd map out their course of action.
Then we would not see the machine riding
rough shod over us as heretofore. Knowing
what we want and being fully organized we
would be able to get it.
Brother coal diggers, no dual unionism, no
gecessionism. T hat would be .fatal. B eware
of the man w ho tells you to split the union,
he is no friend of ours, no m atter how well
he may he equipped with hot air. What we
must do is to organize ourselves wi'thin t he
U. M . W. A W e are just on the verge of
victory. Let us go t hrough to the end. We
must continue t o demand the reinstatement
of the Kansas battlers.
&'
�32
THE LABOR HERALD
March, 1922
L IVE WIRES WANTED
T o circulate the following B oob
I
--ThIM&€EIXIATE TASK of the MILITANTS of the American Labor
Movement Is t o PUT ACROSS the Work
1 FOR
Food is the great need in Soviet Russia.
The only food surplus in the world is in America.
If the Russian famine situation is to be met it must be met by America.
I f America is t o meet the situation it is the workers who must act.
There is no one else with the desire or the power.
I n every shop, mine and factory; in every local union; wherever there
are workers, the drive for the collection of funds for the Russian Famine
Relief must be made the matter of primary importance.
The Revolutionary Crisis of 1918-1921in
Germany, England, Italy and France
By Wm.' Z. Foster
64 pages, paper bound
Single copies, 25c each; 10 or more, 15c each
,
, The Russian Revolution
b
1
.
BY w m. Z. ~ o s t e r
155 pages, paper bound, 50c per copy
(Only a few copies left, and no orders filled except for single copies ;cloth bound sold out)
I
:
The Great Steel Strike
BY w Z. ~ o s t e r
m.
265 pages: Cloth bound, $1.75 per copy; paper bound, $1.00 per copy
THE RELIEF OF THE F M I N E
I N SOVIET RUSSIA
1
I1)
O NE HOUR'S P AY A W EEK
FROM EVERY UNION WORKER IN THE UNITED STATES WILL SAVE 10,000,000
LIVES IN SOVIET RUSSIA
It i s up to the trades unions and the trade union men and women, which means that it is
Up to the Trade Union Militants
T o Put the Work Across
The Friends of Soviet Russia has 140 local branches in as many cities. It has collected $400,000, which has been spent for foodstuffs which has been sent to the K amn
District of Soviet Russia in cases marked
"FROM THE AMERICAN WORKERS to the RUSSIAN WORKERS and PEASA$TTS"
The work of the Friends of Soviet Russia must be extended to every city and town
in America. The collections must be increased to the very capacity of the American
working class, which means thah it is
The Railroaders' Next Step
BY w m. Z. ~ o s t e r
48 pages, paper bound
Single copies, 25c each; 10 or more, 15c each
Resolutions and Decisions of the First
World Congress of Revolutionary
Trade Unions-Moscow
P er copy, 15c
SPECIAL RATES TO AGENTS
ORDERS PAYABLE I N ADVANCE
SEND ORDERS AND REMITTANCES TO
III
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Send all communications and contributions to
I FRIENDS OF SOVIET RUSSIA
I/
The Trade Union Educational League
118 North La S de street
Up to t he Trade Union Militants
II
American Section of the I nternationsl Workers' Famine Relief Committee
2 0 1 W est 1 3 t h Street
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Thie advertisement is donated to the Famine Relief Oampaiqn by THE LABOR H ~ A L D
�
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�THE LABOR HERALD
june, 1922
I
T HE VOICE
of
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LABOR
The Railroaders' Next Step:
AMALGAMATION
By W m. 2. Foster
The Organ of Militant Workingclass
Expression
This 64-page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, fills a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
phase and step by step it scientifically and irrefutably establishes the case
for amalgamation. Place this pamphlet in the hands of the rank and
file and it will not be long until the fusion of the sixteen railroad unions
into one body is a n accomplished fact.
307 Plymouth Court
Chicago
Published Weekly
$2.00 per year
New Books
COMMUNISM AND SOCIETYWm .Paul-+LOB.
Writing in "Advance," Solon De Leon says:
Here is a model of trade union pamphleteering. In the seven chapters into
which the 64 pages of t i booklet are divided are combined deep research,
hs
cool analysis of fact, broad knowledge of the industry and of its history,
d n c h i n g determination to move men and conditions upward and onward.
From the opening sentence, "The supreme need of the railroad men at the
present time is a consolidation of our many railroad organizations into one
compact body," to the closing prophecy that in time the consolidated railroad
d o n s will "pit their enormous organization against the employing class,
end the wages system forever, a nd set up the long-hoped-for era of social
justice," there is not a dull sentence in t he book.
SOCIAL STRUGGLES IN ANTIQUITY
- Bee42&l.
FOUNDATIONS OF IMPERIALIST
POLICY-M. Pavlovitch-$l35.
BARS AND SHADOWS (Poems)Ralph Chaplin+l.W.
LEFT WING TRADE UNIONISM IN
FRANCE-Pierre Momat0.60.
OUTLINE OF PSYCHOLOGY-Plebs
Leagu41.OB.
A-WORKER LOOKS AT HISTORYs tarr-$os.
LIFE AND TEACHINGS OF MARXBeer-Paper $1.25. - Cloth 5.5
11.
CHANTS OF LABOUR--ed Edward
Carpenter-a new edition with music-
Editor, Jack C m e y
ADDRESS :
2003
N. California Ave., Chicago, Il
l.
A remarkable book by a remarkable man.
- 0hapman Cohm in The Freethinker.
A feature of the pamphlet is a beautiful cover, designed by the mellknown artist, Fred Ellis.
Communism a Chistianism
d
$.0
09 .
Analyzed m d Contrseted from t he Marxian snd
Darwinian Points of View
By Biehop W i U m Montgomery Brown, D. D
.
mflitants should make the distribution of this
All railroad groups
pamphlet a special order of business, and see to it that all railroad
unions in their respective localities are plentifully supplied with it. Let
u s have your orders immediately.
THE OUTLINE OF SCIENCEJ. Arthur Thomson-4 v . $15.80.
+
Volume I now ready. Let us send you
a fully descriptive circular of this important survey of modern sciences.
JOHN REED-Lincoln S t e f F e n ~ l O .
A 4 page memorial pamphlet, with
manila mailing envelope, 10 for 75c,
25 for $1.50, postpaid.
IT'S BOLD R EOO~E.NDATIONS: "Banish Gods
from the S h e s and Clapltahsts from the Earth and make
the World safe for Industrial ~ ommunisnl:~
Astounding you wiW say: I t w more than astounddng.
It i e the most hopeful sign that we have come across.
It comes like o meteor awoao the dark s h .
J a c k Carney in Troth.
CONTENTS
P a d I, Oommnnism. Part I a hristianim.
1
Part I I aritieisms. Published, October. 1920.
I,
Seventy-Fifth Thousand now ready. Pages 224.
If you want soneething to read, try Uommvnfsm and
Ohriatianha.
-Frank Woodward in One Big Union Bulletin.
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�..
.
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BUILDING TRADES NUMBER
THELABOR HERALD
Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. Subscription price $2.50 per year. The Trade Union Educational Leanue, Publishers.
"Entered as second-class matter March 23, 1922, at the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act of March 3, 1879."
Vol. I.
June, 1922
oe
No. 4
The Building Trades Problem
B y Arne Swaback
T
H E Building Trades unions are face to face
with a terrific war, intended to break their
power. A complete combination of all the
hitherto scattered forces of the bosses is
out to establish the so-called "open-shop," and
the unions are in retreat before the assault. The
committees of the bankers, the manufacturers,
the captains of industry, carefully prepared the
union-smashing campaign and are taking one
industry after another. Having driven the unions out of the steel mills, slapped the railroad
unions in the face, and lined up the forces of
Government and the press, they a re'now engaged in battering our hitherto strongly entrenched building trades unions.
The fight was started in city after city,
throughout the country, and extends from coast
to coast. In some places the bosses have made
rapid headway against the unions ; in others the
workers have put up a most determined resistance. In every case a well worked out plan
was followed, involving the daily newspapers,
the courts and legislatures of the various states
and cities, and the special organizations combining all the employers' forces, variously named
"American Plan" associations, Citizens' Committees, e t ~ . The newspapers began the campaign of propaganda: "Rent is too high! That
is caused by building trades wages, whi* must
come down. Then the building industry will
begin to boom." T his was the key-note, to obtain the support of the 'public.' The pale, fainthearted clerks and the other white-collared wage
slaves echoed:,"Wages must come down."Public opinion was created, and the employers
could proceed with the next step.
Then comes an avalanche of legislative investigations, charges of graft and corruption,
wholesale arrests, commissions of inquiry ; and
finally the decision not to renew contracts with
the 'unions, but to cut wages, destroy union
regulations, and put the industry on the "open
shop" basis. "Arbitration" proceedings put the
seal of official approval upon the schemes, and
the battle is on, with the employers on the offensive. These attacks have everywhere thrown
confusion into the ranks of the workers. The
bosses have cleverly Yaken advantage of the
divisions between the crafts, played off one
against the other, and broken up the solidarity
of the Building Trades. The workers are beginning to wake up to this situation, and today
we are given some cause for encouragement
by the sight, in a few cities, notably Chicago,
of the workers recognizing the immediate necessity for complete unity.
The Chicago Building Trades Struggle
Resistance to the "open shop" drive is seen
at its best (and also examples of its worst) in
Chicago. The most' emphatic protest yet made
by Labor in this struggle was registered in the
great parade held Saturday, April 29th. This
day will be marked in red letters in labor history.
I t was a monster demonstration and protest
against the encroachments of capitalism, embodied in the so-called Citizens' Committee and
the Landis Award. A parade was arranged by
a joint publicity committee of the building trades
unions; more than 125,000 workers marched
shoulder to shoulder. Their banners registered
their solidarity and readiness to fight to the end
against the menacing enemy. Traffic was stopped
for hours in the heart of the city by this demonstration of the United Front of the building
workers. It registered a decided move forward
by Labor.
Already this is being felt, even by the bosses.
I t was a solemn warning to the "Citizens Committee" that the workers are preparing to stop
their retreat. True, the bosses were able to get
in their underhand work even in this parade.
Their agents managed to keep some of the unions
from taking part, by playing up old grudges and
prejudices at the last moment. But it was made
so evident to all that the workers were preparing
themselves for action, that the simple show of
stren@h, &arching down the streets shoulder to
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T'I.;~.E" L A - B O R H E R A L D
June, 19%
June, 1922
T HE, V A B Q R . H E P A L D .
I
$boulder to. the musi= of bands, has created a. i ng hundreds % ofhnion officials and .members,
charging them with complicity 5.1the killing of
+han$e in the situation.
Thk >mili!ant mood b f h e workers is shown 'two policemen during a bombing affiir. The
by a story going the rounds of the union halls. whole city is in a turmoil, unequalled since the
Samuel Gompers was in town for the occasion. days of the Haymarket riot.
The Building Trades Council finds itself pracOne of his henchmen asked permission to have
an automobile in the parade. H e was notified tically helpless. Its past fights have been against
that all must walk in this parade. Gompers de- the contractors. But no longer is this a case of
clined to do so and the parad9 went *its way . fighting against disqnited bosses. The council
ih ts'trw:light, as a loose federa.. ,
:.
-without him.
._
- - h a ~ . b e e n - & ~n i~
I n the strike leading up' t o
demonstkat?on, tion with ea$ craft really acting for itself, and
many stormy events took place. On May 1,~1c92~, i t cannot: cope with the situation. A number of
the employers semed notice of wage reductions. unions have meekly submitted, others have
The unions msiskd, apd m any of them .were sttuck, and others have bargained for sepatate
rlwker! out, A st&e .foIlowed, .and a fter weeks conceksions from the bosses. The "Citizirns'
& struggle, arbitration was agreed to, with the Committee" has become arrogant, and other un,
usual detrimental effect to the workers. Judge ions which took up the fight have been "outLandis became the arbitrator, by consent of a lawed," and the general confusion is increased.
Several desperate efforts have been made, from
number of the smaller unions. The carpenters,
painters (whose agreement had not expired), the ranks of the workers to obtain unified action.
and three other unions, comprising in total mem- But such moves are frustrated by the I n t e r n
bership a large majority of the building wotkers, tional officials, and they also meet the resistance
refused from the beginning to submit to arbi- . of many. local officials. They seem to dread 'the
'thought of the rank and file workers getting tot ratim
Landis, in his notorious "award," not only gether. But when the agreement of the painters '
judged the questions in q spute ;h e also enlarged expired, *April I, 1922, this large body got into
the sco6e of his decisions t o cover the unions not the fight. Their District Council called a con.parties to the proceedings, and assumed jurisdic- ference of delegates from the outlawed trades,
tion over working conditions, writing the follow- and t he joint publicity committee was created.
ing "open shop" conditions into the award: This body united and -crystallized the opposition
"There .shall be no stoppage of work individ- to the "award" and has finally brought t he conually o r collectively under penalties prescribed." flict t o fie new stage evidenced by the big dem"There shall be no restriction against any onstration above-mentioned. .
manufactured material, except prison made."
W hat bas happened in Chicago indicates fairly
nm-union men well t he general situation in the building tradeg..
"In case of- smciV of
work wkh
men
such time as True, in many places the unions have not f?red
union men .may b e obtained."
so well, and have been almost completely deThese
n~~~~ breaking the power
feated; in Chicago there is sti'll struggle. But
rhe unions, and their ultimate destruction. T he
the workers a re in r etreat; Seattle,
workers Protested violenfly- For a time there Butte, Salt La&, Denver, Boston, S an Francisco,
were
s~ontaneousstrikes. But a
and other cities, bear witness to this. T he emof the leaders began to manouver their unions ploye*, are united with millions of dollars to
into 'accepting the "award."
Meanwhile, t he
spend do break the unions. The unions are dicagitdists had organized the "Citizens Commitvided, and their treasuries are rapidly being emptee" t o enforce the award, raised a war-chest of
.
tied.
millions, set u p a scabsupplying agency, mobilDivision Causes Workers' Weat
.
ized bank credits against She small contractors,
T he source of our weakness is readily found.
and completely united their forces. Unions refvsbg, t o .work under the award were declared Our industry is a veritable chaos of craft unions,
"outlaw" and a bitter war began ; armed guards pulling in different directions and fighting each
were placed on the jobs to protect imported other. Within many of these craft unions are
scabs, who were working side by side with union split-hair divisions, where members are confined
men. The strike has been marked by extreme to certain branches, and fight about the inner
violence. Bombings., both of,union and non-union lines of demarcation. O ur Councils, and the
workers have taken place. The "Citizens' Com- Building Trades Department, which could be the
e e e " has declared publicly that it will slug basis for establishing unity of action, merely
two union men for every scab that is beaten up. serve as places where these fights may be carried
As we write this the police of the city are raiding in different forms.
Craft divisions are largely responsible, in turn,
the building trades offices on a great scale, arrest,
f or the poor leadership, and lack of vision among
the officials. These men, from the lowest to the
highest officials, havk been nourished in an atmosphere of craft exclusiveness. They have
worked for years in deadly M t y . toward other
crafts, bred of t h4 f ear that Wr jurisdiction
may be infringed upon. Accustomed by this condjtion to attempting to gain advantages for their
own craft at the expense of others, it is onlx
another step to h d themselves working with the
bosses against the others. Thus they lose sight
entireIy of the broader aspect of the commoq
fight against ex@oitatioa
~ o s'of the other evils wGch hold back our
t
u dons and deprive them of power, also find
their breeding ground and natural habitation in
craft division. Countless opportunities are open
t o'the dishonest few, that element which can always be found in any aggregation 'of men. With
t he'rich o pkings f or graft, 'it is often the most
unscrupulous business agent who can build up
the most power. If he is willing to enter into
an alliance with the employers, he is able to
keep his adherents a t work, while those who
have the temerity to question his control at the
union meetings, can be forced to walk the streets
in idleness. This petty tyranny has created an
atmosphere in some unions which has proven
fruitful soil for the poisonous seed of the "open
shop9"ropaganda of the employers. All these
f o r d s swork for the boss, who cleverly makes
capital of them; and a ll can be traced directly
back t6 the fundamental cause of d t division.
"Internal strife has been a terribls evil in the
p'aSt; Today it is sdisasterous. In the face of
the tinited attack made upori us by the employers,
it threatens ta d btroy o ur organizations. It will
c e M y do so, if a remedy is not found. T he
r kisdy is amalgamation. Truly our present
situation is "Amalgamation or annihilation."
I*,
'w~
o
s
1
a
thq capitalist sheets and dmouncing u Bolsheviks an? disrupters t h e workers who a& advocating for the& unions the same m ea~iuEof mala
gamation that the keqer-sighted employers were
actuaUy putting into prac$icq.,> Unify of action
eah be guaranteed only by unity of organization,
and the Building Trades Unions will stand on
their feet with 'power to protect their memlp$$
only when they have completely unified their OF
gapizations into one 'union to cover the entire
indus~.
T he time has now come for the militant unionists in the building industry to take the lead;
they must organize, all, q e i r forces upon a great,
campaign of education, to infuse their nuniions,
with the new spirit, and give them m undersgqding of &e effective ,modern forms of organ&-,
..
tion.' qur unions must be molded to the form,
which will meet our needs. Amalgamation of the.
unions of the e,ntire industry will give us. the
united front capable, of meetingathe,f ~ r c e s hich.
w
SF& to destroy us, and powerful e nough,to dc-,
feat t q n T he reconstruction of our e o n s i s,
lq.
the immediate. program of militant u niaists,.
il
which wl lay the f owdation , of.control by the
workers, and. the ultimate establishment of the
~ orkers*..Itepablic. , ,
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Tbe Bosses Show the Way
T h e employers do not allow sentiment or pre-
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judice to prevent them from organizing thoroughly. Amalgamation has no terrors for them ;
they want power to crush the unions, and know
&at ta have power they must have unity. So
everywhere we see them join forces. No where
is this more strikingly iflustrated than in Chicago.
D ligng the present bitter struggle they have
ahalgamated their organizations, the Associated
Building Contractors, and the Building Construetion Employers Association, into one solid body.
Conpast the employers' militant policy of solidarity with the backward stand taken by the
bbilding trades union officials on amalgamation.
Almost at the very moment that the bosses were
amalgamating, Mr. Gompers was iulminating in
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T H E LABOR HERALD
I
June, 1922
Call for National Conference of the
Trade Union Educational League
T H E LABOR HERALD
Towards Unity in the Building Trades
B y Joe Petersen
T
HERE is serious division of Labor's forces the agents of the Steel Corporation. Large con-
in the Building Trades. Both nationally
and locally our forces are broken up. We
are finding it impossible to get common action,
in the face of the most terrific attack which our
unions have ever had to face. We are attempting
to meet the situation with antiquated, 18th' century methods of craft unionism, while the employers have united all their forces so that they
act together in the entire industry. Due to the
disease of jurisdictional disputes, our organizations are falling back before the enemy.
Wars between the unions over jurisdiction result from the craft divisions existing between us.
When the process of building was simple and the
employers were competing small contractors
without great capital, then the divided craft
unions had a chance to make a showing and obtain a few concessions. But the industry has
been changing. In the process of building, a revolution has taken place. New methods have
been introduced, new materials have become
common, and machinery is playing an ever greater part in the industry. Today, while suburban
building remains technically simple, the dominating factor in the industry is the standard city
building of steel and concrete. The new elements
brought in by this change, cut across our craft
lines. This brings the craft unions into conflict.
The amount of work being limited, each craft
wants to get the lion's share. We then have a
mad scramble among them, often several claiming
that the nature of the work places it under their
jurisdiction. There is usually plenty of evidence
on all sides, with nothing to decide between them
but power. So they fight. The test of battle
has for rnanv vears been the onlv one to receive
respect. The result is a continual, bitter fratricidal struggle, with consequent loss of power and
demoralization.
M
I LITANTS! At last the time has come their strength in recent years by consolidating
for us to draw up our programs and to their organizations, amassing vast riches, and
organize our forces throughout the labor becoming intensely class conscious, the trade
movement. The Trade Union Education League union leaders cling desperately to their own anis about to hold its first National Conference. tiquated system. They are constitutionally o p
The meeting will take place in Chicago on Aug. posed to all real organization betterment and
26th and 27th. Militant union workers from every habitually fight it to a standstill. Intellectually
locality and industry are herewith cordially in- they are frozen over solid. There is hardly
vited to attend.
a twig of progress showing above the cold
The labor movement is now passing through and lifeless surface of their collective mind.
the most serious crisis in its entire history. With = But if the static trade union officials fail to
unexampled aggressiveness, the employers are perceive the necessities of the movement, the
smashing one section of it after another. Ortho- the moral courage to acknowledge them), the
dox trade union methods and tactics are unavail- dynamic rank and file will and must seize the
ing to stop this "open shop" drive. Drastic new initiative itself. Hence, the National Confermeasures will have to be applied, or the labor ence of the Trade Union Educational League.
movement will be annihilated and the working This representative gathering of rank and file
class left helpless in the grip of the exploiters. workers will not only point out the needs of
T he multitudes of craft unions must be amal- Organized Labor, but will also outline a camgamated into a series of industrial unions. The paign of education to satisfy these needs by
prevailing craft form' of unionism is out-of-date revamping the prevailing philosophy, amalgaand obsolete. It no longer conforms- to indus- mating the unions, and giving them new leadertrial conditions. It prevents real solidarity and c L k
it must give way t 0.a type of organization that
T he Trade Union Educational League is op
will include all the workers in a given industry.
The multitude of craft unions must be arnalga- posed on principle to dual unionism. It is not
Only the industrial form of organization can cope a labor union itself, nor does .it propose to bewith the powerful employers. Another vitall?~ come one. I t is solely an educational body. It
necessary step is the discarding of the existing aims, not to split the mass organizations, but to
trade union philosophy. At present our labor unite and strengthen them in every possible way.
unions are in the anomolous position of having The proposed conference will not be held for the
w orkhg class bodies and capitalist minds. They purpose of furthering secession movements, but
are in fundamental contradiction with theni- to work out an organized, intensive campaign of
selves. They have proletarian interests and constructive, militant education in all the indusinstincts, but their petty-bourgeois point of tries. Representation will be based upon the
view lleutralizes them. Hence their every effort local general groups of the T. U. E . L.. each of
is paralyzed by uncertainty, timidity, and weak- which shall be entitled to six delegates-if there
ness. And so it musf remain until they finallj is no such group in your town, organize one at
come to realize that there is no hope for the11-1 once so that you may be represented. Trade
- except in the abolition of capitalism and the es- unions and central bodies may send only fraternal
tablishrnent of a workers' r e~ublic. Then. and delegates. Each participating organization shall
t hai only, with a revolutionary goal before them, take care of the expenses of its delegates.
Do you believe that Oiganized Labor should
will the trade unions gain the clearness of aim
and the militancy of spirit indispensable to suc- have a real rebel spirit? Do you believe that
the craft unions should be amalgamated into
cess in the modern class struggle.
I n the present crisis the old officialdom stand industrial unions? Do you believe that the trade
in helpless! consternation. They are at their union movement should have new and militant
wits' ends. Again and again they apply the leadership ? If so, come to the National Confercustomary trade union methods, only to be over- ence of the Trade Union Educational League. It
whelmed by fresh disasters. But still they do not will be one of the most important gatherings in
change these methods. Disregarding the patent the history of the American labor movement.
Wm. Z. Foster, Sec'y-Treas.
fact that employers have enormously increased
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SA*q,.
Our Unions Lag Behind
T he increased power of the employers has been
forcing the unions to also. close up their ranks.
The bosses find, with each new step in their consolidation, that they have more power as against
the workers. Their greed for huge profits immediately causes them to attack our wages and
working conditions. We resist one at a time
with our craft unions, but find ourselves losing.
Then we finally search for ways of acting together. For years the writer, who is a practical
building tradesman has taken part in these e'fforts
toward unity. Thus, although the workers' organizations are continually lagging behind those
of the capitalists, they are nevertheless constantly changing and coming gradually closer together.
During the years 1900-1910 there were many
amalgamations brought about of closely related
crafts. The movement gained great headway for
a time, resulting, among others, in uniting the
The Employers' United Front
steamfitters and plumbers; the carpenters and
W l e we have been fighting among ourselves, wood workers; the granite cutters, polishers and
the employers have been busy in another way. rubbers ; the stonemasons and bricklayers ; the
The rapid development of large and expensive marble workers and several independent unions ;
machines in building, with the use of steel and and the hod carriers and the excavation laborers.
other new materials, did not affect the bosses in The reactionary leaders did their best to head off
the manner it did the unions. Instead, it became the movement, but even they were forced to
i
a power for unifying the employers against our give it lip-service. Samuel~Gompers,n addressorganizations. More and more capital was re- ing the marble workers convention in 1909, exquired for machinery and equipment, greater pressed the hope that all men engaged i n. the
sums were needed for building investment ; i t stone industry would soon be in one powerful ornaturally followed that the industry came into the ganization. The movement culminated in the orhands of the trust companies, great banks, and ganization of the Building Trades Department
d
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i
struction has thus come to be directly controlled
through the giant construction companies and
banking interests, while the great bulk of small
building is kept in line by the control of building
loans.
This concentration of capital and financial con'trol, has been going on for a long time. Following it has come the unification of the building
trades employers into ever more powerful associations. These have continually been combining
and amalgamating, until today the building interests have one organization, directing throughout the country the fight against the unions. The
so-called Citizens' Committee in Chicago combines practically all building interests, controlled
and directed by the great bankers. In other cities
the unions are similarly fighting the united power
of the capitalist class.
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THS L A B 0R H-ERALD
of the G F of L., in 1908. T his was a definite
.
'
recognitibn of 'the common interests of all uriions
in the' building industry, and a step toward uniiication.
T he organization of the Building Trades Department was a very "radical" step. The writer
remembers quite well the fights that raged around
this issue. Many of the same arguments now
used against the program of the Trade Union
Educational League were then hurled against the
idea of forming the Department. But in spite of
the' reactionary fulminations, the "radicals" of
that day went ahead and established the Department.
- T h e new body was intended to eliminate the
worst features of jurisdidional wars, and to
bring about greater unity between the various
craft unlons. I t was a great step forward. At
least it got-the uniond in touch with one another,
and h id the basis for some approach to common
action. But its results, especially under the
pressure of the employers' present organization,
have not justified the high hopes placed upon it.
It has exhibited the fundamental weaknesses of
all federations. In moments of greatest crisis,
when strength is needed most, it has a disconcerting habit of giving way, leaving the unions
in dire confusion. The wars of jurisdiction rage
09. T he Department is only another field of
battle. Union resources are still taken up more
with f ighthg each. ofher, than in fighting the employers. The bosses are also affected by these
6
June, 1922
..
struggles ; strikes over jurisdictional dairns continue, and' the "fair" employer is' i n'the same
danger of them as the "unfair" one. The net
result for the unions is loss. Federation has ,not .
..
met the situation.
.
Two Felse Remedies
%
Efforts t change this situation have been
o
many. Two of them should be pointed out, because, coming from widely different sources,
they are equally false and dangerous to the
workers. One is the effort of the employers to'
set up "impartial" boards to decide upon juris-'
diction; the other is the program of dual unionism advocated by the I. W. W. and others. Ufitold mischief has been done by both of these
quack medicines of unionism.
The movement for a national board to arbitfate
jurisdictional disputes was launched by engineers
and employers. The proposal for such a board;
composed of architects, engineers, employers and
employees, was brought before the Atlantic City
convention of the Building Trades Department.
One delegate, speaking for the adoption, said that
he believed it would go far toward eliminating
the radical element from the building trades. The
proposition was adopted. The organizatiofi which
this same delegate represented is now out of the
Department because of defiance of this board of
awards. Differences between the unions cannot
be settled by any outside agency. They must be
eliminated by the growth of solidarity inside; 2nd
the unificatiw of the various unions. Instead of
June, 1922
THE L A B 0R HERALD
solving problems of jurisdiction, the board of
awards has been a tool for further dividing the
workers against one another. Those unions
which, like the Carpenters', refuse to accept its
decisions are obeying a fundamental instinct of
the 'trade union movement not to allow nonworkers to dictate solutions to their problems.
The program of building new "ideal" unions,
to replace the imperfect craft unions, has been
one of the chief evils of the labor movement.
Disgruntled and rebelling elements have thought
to take a short cut to solidarity, by breaking
away and starting all over. Actions of this kind
have done nothing but increase the confusion and
weaken the labor movement. Today it is plain
to all intelligent men, that progress cannot come
in this way. Every m e of the many efforts in
this direction has failed, and dual unionism is
dead in the building trades. The militant union
men have learned to be on the watch for. this
tendency, and to root it out in its beginnings.
For Building Trades Unity
T he way out of our present mess lies along
the road of arnalggmation, the unification of all
building trades workers for common action on
wages, hours, and policies in the industry. One
union covering the entire building trades is required.
Such a plan will not mean wiping out craft
lines, wherever these meet some need of the
workers. Instead, it will take the form, outlined
b
in 1913 y the famous Tveitmoe resolution adopted by the Building Trades Department but not
carried out, which groups together the closely
related crafts, such as the mason trades, pipe
trades, iron trades; wood-working trades, ets. In
a Building Trades Industrial Union these groups
would form departments, under the general executive which would have supreme power on
questions of wages, hours, disputes, etc. Within
these departments the old craft units could be
retained as sections and separate locals, so long
as wanted to handle purely craft matters. Related crafts will also have the machinery for
handling their own peculiar problems, in the departments. But in the struggle against the
bosses, t h y will all bg united under one executive
commitke, concentrating the enti& power of the
building trades workers.
The technical obstacles to this program are
not great, W e e the railroads, the building
trades (with the exception of helpers and laborers) are vecy d ose tagether in wage scales. T he
adjustmeats ne&sary a re easily provided for by
the department and craft sections. The advanbges w e so evident and so immediate, that they
completely overshadowed any little objection that
m ay be raised.
A great source of weakness today is the thousands of workers in the small towns, where there
are not enough of their craft to make a live local
union. The small-town worker is just as good
material for unionism as, the ordinary union man
in the city, but he does not have the association
of numbers of his fellow craftsmen to keep him
in line, as the city worker has. Imagine w kit
would happen to our great city local unions if
they were divided up into little groups of three
or four, or even 15 o r 20. T he organizatioil
would die out. That is what happens, particularly in the smaller crafts, when you leave the large
centers.
T he Building Trades Industrial Union could
immediately rally all these workers to the union.
The cities like New York, Chicago, and the like,
would need little change in the local unions. The
next smaller cities could unite tbe little fragments
of locals together according to groups thus giving
them size and strength and a feeling of power.
The little towns could have department locals,
or even one local of all building workers in the
villages, even if there should be only one or two
in each craft, and have a fair size local union
which could be alive and healthy. Consider that
this would eliminate the entire supply of scabs,
relied upon by the bosses in fighting the union,
and judge the value of such a united organization in increasing our power. Every buildtrades worker in the country would soon be a
union man with a paid up card and membership
in a live local.
Greater power for the union, that is what
amalgamation means. The employers are out to
smash our unions. They do not discuss the right
or wrong of it-they have the power. The only
thing that will save our unions and defeat the
bosses is greater power. When, instead of a
score or more of executive committees a t the top,
each making a different decision a d p a k g
different ways, we have one committee uniting
in itself the combined power of the txtlilding
workers: then we will stop our retreat and move
forward to new victories. Amalgamation is the
road to that goal.
b
Take this up in your union and urge w tba~e
taken to get all ourr unions together, for the puppose of consolidating their forces. Get yrmr
local union to act; take it to your distriet e m cil; then put it up to your intematiowl mecutives and conventims. Demand h : ogr 6
ty
cials take action. Vote for those union men f ~ r
office in your union, who stand for this prcgmm.
HeSp to defeat those who oppose It. Discuss the
question wherever building trades w o r k s
together, and make this the domiaating i w w in
the entire industry.
�June,
1~22
t
A Tale of Two Cities
THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922
6f the trade unions (the ~ b s c o wo r Red Council of Labor Unions). -
H ow the Conventimrr: Differed on the Large
T he Conventions of the Imternatio~zal L adies Garment Workers' Union and
of the A w . 1 g a m t e d Clothing Workers of A w i c a i n. Cleveland mzd Chicago.
T
HERE is nothing easier than to label a
thing or an event. A living, complete
reality is thus easily reduced to a formula,
and there you have it: merely catalogue it and
shelve. it in your memory or conscience. But
then-what ? Then nothing.
Labels h ' t Explain
- A mere fact in history or in life, which is
history in the making, is of no significance whatsoever unless it generates.new force and determines development. And so is the knowledge of
a fact of'no value unless the fact is conceived
in its living connection with what had preceded
it and what follows it. Naked facts, tom out of
their immediate environment, are but incidents
or accidents devoid of much meaning. The knowledge of facts outside of their historical soil is
fruitless, barren of results; and the labeling of
t
facts, perhaps a times' an easy pastime, is at all
times a waste of time. Yet it passes quite often
as judgment and it helps to create what the
market is willing to designate as public opinion.
f L. G W. U. Not Reactionary, nor A. C. W.
o A R&olutionary
f.
The two conventions of the two large unions
in the needle industry held the other day in
Cleveland and Chicago, are illustrations of the
above. H ere large gatherings of labor, organized and aggressive, militant labor made inroads
into history, legislated their immediate future
and determined, in so far as it can be deter-.
mined, what their policies shall be in the days
to come. But what do we see? The press, the
transfer-agent of public opinion, satisfied itself
with the recording of a number of happenings
at these conventions, for the most part an uncritical sort of recording. It then had the happenings duly labeled, and the "movement" is
ready to proceed to other "unfinished business,"
most likelv to "finish" it in much the same fashion. The iibel is the finishing touch in portraying
life.
The convention of the International Ladies
Garment Workers was reactionary throughout,
and that of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers
of America was the one bright spot on the marred
background of the American labor reality. Thus
public opinion summed up the two momentous
labor gatherings, and that i s all so many of us
are satisfied to know. But when we know all
this what do we know? Even if a step further
is made and personalities are introduced to supplement the facts, we still are none the wiser.
Suppose we accept, without critical analysis, the
verdict of newspaper-made history that Benjamin Schlesinger, of the I. L. G. W. U., is a diedin-the-wool reactionary, and Sidney Hillman; of
the A. C. W. of A., is the spirit incarnate of revolution, what then? How much more do we then
know ?
O- pposition In Both Conventions Rather Weak
Only eight hours of travel divide Chicago from
Cleveland, the seats of 'the two conventions, yet
measured in units of political and spiritual advancement,-as evidenced in .the two needle industry conventions, it would seem that there is
a quarter of a century of distance between the
two cities. That much may be readily admitted
if judgment shall be based on appearances. But
is it right to do so? Does judgment by appearances lead us anywhere? Hardly, as a matter of
&..
"&.I
L I ULll.
But let us have a glance at facts.
The convention of the I. L. G. W. U. ran
under the sign of fight on the left wing. I n the
convention gf t he A. C. W. of A. the left wing
felt quite at home. As one onlooker termed it,
there the opposition was extremely anxious not
to embarrass the administration, otherwise it was
rather comfortable. It would be interesting, then,
to discern the objectives of the opposition or the
left wing in either case. And this is not at all
easy to do, as it was shown in an article in the
preceding issue of THE LABOR ERALD.The opH
position in the needle industry is not homogeneous, it is in the making as yet and it lacks both
in clarity of vision and in oneness of purpose.
And, it may be added, it also lacks most badly
in training.
Some Objectiveis of the Left W n
ig
However, in as much as a liberal allowance for
the newness of the situation permits, the following may be considered the program of the most
purpose-conscious element of the opposition or
left wing in the needle unions:
I T he democratization of the organization
.
structure by means of introducing shop representation.
2 T he consolidation of all needle unions into
.
one concentrated fighting body.
3. Lining up with the aggressive world body
Issues
boundaries, engaged in sinister attempts t o defeat and crush the labor movement both within
each nation and on an international scale; a nd
Whereas, .A well-define4 movement $0 defend the sacred cause of labor by co-ordinating
our industrial organizations on an equallj
broad international scale is shown in the communications to the Amsterdam Trade Union International from the Moscow International of
Labor Unions, inviting the former to participate
in t he formation of a United Front of all the
labor unions of the world; t herefore be it
Resolved, That the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers, in its Fifth Biennial Convention assembled, express its approval of the efforts for
a United Front of all the labor organizations
of the world, and give its heartiest co-operation in the fight against organized capital.
Adopted.
On d l of these issues the two conventions took
a stand widely different.
O n the first point the stand of the I. L. G. W.
U. is definitely negative, whereas the A. C. W.
ofA. made ah effort to meet the issue somewhere
haifway. T%e convention of the A. C. W . of A.
empowered €he hcdming administration to
change the organi'c law of the union, wherever
the dernarid f or it will-make itself felt. And it
was let to be known that the geiieral office is in
favor of a 'change in the structure of tIie organO nly those who are intentionally blind could
izatioti'that would bring the'shop as'a unit nearer discover a defeat for the position of the left .in
t o active participation in the goverrimerit of the the adoptation of the above resolution. But it is
union.. . . . " .
.
an old story that with so many wish is the father
' Agajn, on the issue of 'consolidation of ' the
to tha thought.
unions' 'iri ihe .nekdle &dustry,' the' siand o f' the
The I. L. G. W. U., whose defenders-right
&algamated was decidedly positive.' he A. C. or wrong-talk a great lot of unity, would not
W. of A. is for one centralized union $ the in- stand for any "Moscow nonsense," even be it a
dust$ ~ n ' o p p o ; to a IooBe federation of' the genuine effort to bring about unity of all labor.
d
needie tiades, +hi& fis sponsored by t hd I. L. G.
If the actions on the just enumerated three
W: U. Whether a resolution of this kind 'is nec- cardinal points is to be taken as the basis for
;es'sai-ily'a' step t o k r d consolidation' in the hear judgment there would be reasonable ground for
f utute may be questioned;
it is &own that the notion that the I. L. G. W. U. turned reacthe Sternational' ( the I: L. G. W. u:) is' deter- tionary and the A. C. W. of A. has gone decid'
niibediy opposed to such a consolidatioi
edly radical in those convention days. But is it
-.
. - ..
really so?
NOW,on the. point of international" a$liation,
the reports were ~ a.ther isleading, in. so far as
m
W y the D ference in Attitudeh
f
the Chicago convention of the A. C. W , of A. as
One cannot escape facing the following quesconcerned.. W i l e the p.ress hsd it, that 'fthe left
met with crushing defeat on tbe issue of inter- tion, and the questian is to be answered if we are
national affiliation," the following is the truth in to understand what's what.
the q se. There y ere introduced .a number of
The question is-What is really resposible' f or
resolutions a dv~cating. ffiliation with the. Mos- the difference in attitude taken by the A. C. W.
a
cow Council of Trade Unions. These reso1ytio.n~ of A. and the I. L. G. W. U. on a number of
came from local3 and the delegates stood hl- points of great significance? Was it due to a
structed by their mandate of election to have difference in leadership or was a different c0.mthese resolutions brought before the convention. position of membership responsible for the differHowever, in the convention resolution No. 67 ence in attitude? Or-perhaps there was really
evolved and it met with the unanimous approval no such great difference at all in the attitude'of
of all the left -or opposition delegates. It also one organization or the other?
was favored by the administration and it was
As a matter of fact, some ten years ago, one
carried manimousIy. None of the other resolu- would find an exactly reversed situation wi* 'retions favoring direct affiliation had any support- gard t o the organizations under 'consideration.
ers or votes. It inevitably would follow, that The I. L, G . W. U. was then the one radical
there could be no "crushing defeat" under the organization, and the United Garment Workers
circumstarices, and there was none.
of America, the parent body of the present AmalResolution 67 reads :
gamated, was reactionary in many respects. Since
Whereas, the whole tendency of modern then .the leadership of the International Ladies
times is toward the international co-ordination Garment Workers' Union has changed a nd- in
of a ll movements and enterprises, whether they
so far as the personnel is concerned the change
be of labor o r capital; and
Whereas, These are times of monster com- was rather toward the more progressive type.
binations of capital, over-reaching all national And the split that has taken place in the U nited
'
‘sine?
'Z
�SS
L
T H E LBABO B H E R A L D
Garment Workers of America and caused the
growth of the Amalgamated was not a split
along lines of radicalism, or industrialism, o r internationalism, only questions of autonomy and
leadership were involved in that controversy.
W hy then the great change?
The make-up of the two organizations, in so
f ar as the membership is concerned, is not different. The same racial groups, practically distributed in the same ratio, make up the I. L. G
.
W. U. and the A. C. W. of A. T he industry,
that is the market, the technique, the earnings
are closely neighboring, except that the system
of work prevailing in the women's wear industry
still retains a greater part of mechanical skill,
whereas in the' production of men's clothing the
operations are further simplified by a wider application of machinery and by a minute specialization and division of labor.
Logically speaking, there should not be room
for a great diflerence in tactics, if actions of
large bodies are motivated by environment.
Of course, it is inconvenient to discuss the
problem of leadership since it involves the analysis of personal motives or abilities. Yet it
would be nothing short of violation of truth to
assert that the leadership of the two organizations differs very widely on the point of radicalism, at least in so far as formal profession of
faith is concerned. In point of fact, the leader
of the I. L. G. W. U. is a prop of the Socialist
Party and President of its most powerful daily
paper publishing company, whereas the 'head of
the A. C. W. of A. is politically non-attached.
Borsing or Leading
There is, however, one difference in the makeup of the leadership of the two organizations,
and rather a vital one. It lies not in any official
label but in the very conception of leadership.
I n one case i t is an attempt to boss a situation
that is underlying the policy of the leadership,
whereas in the other case the tendency is to lead,
to control the situation by creating or acceleratk g the conditions of the sitqation. Benjamin
Schlesinger is a red-card Socialist, and Sidney
Hillman will tie himself with no political group
or philosophy. Yet the one succeeded in having
even his own party members oppose his policies,
whereas in the other case, the administration appears to be the expression of the living spirit of
the entire organization. It is the great, old yet
ever new problem of leadership that is to be
looked for in the search for light in the situation.
The administration of the I. L. G. W. U had
.
its convention under- its complete control. I t
could have its way
to wholesale political murder of opposition delegates. Yet
.
June, 1922
it did so. The spirit of vindictiveness was manifest throughout the sessions of the body. And
also did the administration of the A. C. W. of A.
h v e the convention under its full sway. The
opposition was numerically weak, consisting of
the disgruntled elements, controlled by the politics of the Jewish Daily Forward, politics foreign
to the life of the organization; and of the left
wing groups who had cgnstrudive o r misguided
notions of organization reform, but throughout
confined to the problems of the union. But the
administration did not seek to antagonize the
opposition by fighting their ideas because of the
spiritual fatherhood. It tried to meet squarely
every issue as it arose, and the result was exceedingly gratifying. N b one left t he convention "licked," unless he came for what he was
not supposed to get there. A "defeaty' on a
point. of principle, in a union, is never a c ams
bell;, never causes animosity, if the fight for or
against the principle is a gallant one. That much
in favor of the A. C. W. of A. leadership will
be conceded by any one who saw the convention
in operation.
To sum up :T he two conventions did not differ
very widely in point of radicalism. Both remained on the safe ground of reality i'n s o far
a s the actual problems concerning the life of the
organization are considered. But, whereas one
body, blinded by a partisan animosity and by a
perverted notion of bossism instead of leadership
has created ill-fekling and narrowed down the
sway of the convention to the degree of pureand-simplism ofl a most primitive type, the other
organization managed its way through difficulties and presented a sight novel in the practice
of the American labor movement. I t was not so
'much the actual difference in the attitude taken
by one organization or the other, on one point or
the other. It 'was the mehtod of approach to a
solution of the problems of the movement that
divides the two otherwise similar organizations.
CHILI
H E industrial, commercial, and agricultural employers of Chili have just combined themselves
nationally into an organization called the Association
of Industry. It is headed by a General Council, composed of one delegate from each province, and one
from each industry. The Association intends "to
take all possible steps with a view to harmoniziag
the legitimate interests of employers and workers!'
It declares it will "defend the right of the individual
to work by all means in its power and will give assistance to members who are faced with difficulties
owing to sympathetic strikes and similar disputes."
T
Dr. Joseph Goldstein, "Russian expert," is quoted
by the Chicbgo Tribune to the effect that '&End
of Soviet Regime is Near." Where have we heard
these 1 6news~efore?
b
June, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
From George to Dick
'
+
Dick Harridan, Engineer, St. Louis, Mo.
Dear Friend Dick:W e all reached home sober and feeling better for the trip. But
since coming back from there I have been thinking over some of our
kitchen-table discussions regarding the union, its policies; etc., and I
want to put my side up to you in a workable form so you wont fail
to understand clearly the point I wanted to make. Here it is:
You are an engineer and probably understand an engine and what
it will do better than I do. Now suppose you had a heavy train, say
2,000 tons, to move, and it was all ready and you were anxious to move
that train to its destination in the least time and at the least cost; and
suppose your future more or less depended upon your making a good
showing on this particular trip.
You find it will take equal to a 160 ton engine to do the work,
and you are told to select your power to make the run. Suppose you
go over to the roundhouse and find that they have 16 engines of 10 tons
each, and one engine of 160 tons, ready for the road. Would you take
one engine of 10 tons and make 16 t rips? Or would you take the 16
engines and make one trip, taking coal 16 times and water 16 times, and
calling 16 more tallow pots, and taking chances on 16 sets of machinery
getting out of order and chances of all not starting together, or some
being in reverse when you started, or maybe an engineer asleep on the
job, or playing hookey to same steam?
.
O r would you take the 160 ton engine, where you had the whole
power necessary concentrated in the one lever under your own hand?
I ask you, as an intelligent engineer, which of the three would you do?
There can be no question at all about your answer. You would
take the big engine. You would do the job in a warkmanlike manner.
Sure, you would.
Now the railroad workers have just this kind of a practical proposition before them at the present time, and they are trying to combat
the railroads by using the 16 little engines, or Brotherhoods, against
the companies who are using the biggest engine they have on hand, and
who are trying hard t q construct one still bigger by misusing the power
of Government, if necessary, to whip us. You might not be able to get
all the power out of the big engine, or general amalgamated union, at
first, but you would soon be able to handle it and to get definite results.
If we cannot combine all our organizations into one, as you seem
to fear that we can't, then we must admit we haven't as much intelligence as the railroad companies have. I such is the case we are a bunch
f
of incompetents and our cake is dough under any circumstances. Think
it over, and look around your yards. to see if you haven't got a railroad
spy among you and the boys, suggesting the ideas you expressed the
other night, because such ideas are in perfect accord with those that the
companies wish you to hold. Perpetuating craft divisions amongst us
fortifies the companies and makes them unbeatable. Amalgamation of
our many unions into one is the only thing that will give us sufficient
strength to defeat them. We must have a general railroad union.
With kindest regards for yourself and all union men and the friends
that assembled Saturday night, I am, As ever,
GEORGE
r3
�June, 1922
The League Under Fire
B y Earl
R Browder
[ NE pages of inflammatory denunciation in
the Americart Federationist! This is the
new high point in the campaign against
'the Trade Union Educational League, the be'ginning of which was reported last month in
, THELABOR ERALD.n the May issue of his
H
I
;house-organ, Gompers runs a long screed of
.slander and vilification, continuing the attack
he started in his April issue and on his trip to
Chicago, Cleveland, and other cities. "Organizers" are busily carrying on against the League
all over the country ; Gompers' pocketpiece,
Matthew Woll, is sent to make a slanderous
.attack at the Convention of the Railway Employees' Department ; and ' ~ e n e r a l residents of
P
unions all over the country are taking up cudgels
against the League. Nearly every International
journal has obediently taken a shot in the same
,direction within the past month, with a few honorable exceptions. The natural culmination
,comes with Gompers' resort to the capitalist
,press i n his flamboyant May 1st manifesto.
In a hysterical fear of everything which even
smells of progressive and militant action by the
jworking class, Gompers is hurling charges reck,lessly right and left. H e is flatly and positively
;against real labor solidarity, and denounces its
d
,advocates as "disruptors." W hat are his arguiments? Does he attempt to prove his charges?
, Not a t all. a e is content to damn the League
:as a "secret" organization intent upon destroying
'the unions (one version),, or to deliver them up
:to Lenine (second version-take your choice).
~Gompers'panic, however, does not prevent him
from extreme care in choice of words, where
2direct charges whose absurdity he well knows,
might lay him open. By skilful juggling of
words he manages, without saying so directly,
to make the charge that the League is being
financed by "Bolshevik Gold." The invitation
.extended to him in Chicago, to inspect the books
'of t he League, is carefully ignored.
1
'
Why Reactionary Leadem Shudder
.
tion of Labor, especially, has reverberated
throughout the labor movement of America. The
national convention of the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks, just closed at Dallas, Texas, adopted
a resolution for amalgamating the railroad unions
into one industrial union, and also passed the
Chicago resolution favoring amalgamation of all
craft unions upon lines of industry. In the convention of the Railway Employees' Department,
described in detail elsewhere in this issue, there
was a powerful sentiment for this measure,
which was only headed-off by most strenuous
efforts.
The facts are that Gompers' influence in the
labor movement has been to stultify and stop all
progress. Such a condition is the reason why
the League, boldly proclaiming a program of
q i t i n g o ur unions for effective action, calling
for militant leadership, and affiliation with the
International of working-class solidarity, the
Red Trade Union International, has been given
so enthusiastic a welcome. I t is the first sign
of real life in the labor movement, and as su&
it rallies those in whose hearts hope still springs.
I t is not a violation of confidence to say that
one of Gompers' principal sources of worry is
the knowledge that a surprisingly large number
of high international officials in the unions are
sympathetic to' the League, and are quietly supporting its program. Hardly a week passes without several of these men, from various sections,
dropping into the office of the League to wish
it success and pass a word of encouragement.
They want to see some constructive work done,
and they know the old machine offers no hope.
The reactionary officials have a keen sense for
this atmosphere of wholesale "disloyalty" to their
rule; they do not know how to meet it. So,
with Gbmpers a t the head, they launch a mock
reign of terror. They do not realize that these
very tactics are forcing many union men into the
ranks of the League who would not otherwise g~
the whole way upon the League program. T
%day Gompers is forcing the issue,-"Gompers
and standpatism" or "The League and progress."
All of which is the best possible testimonial td
the correctness of the League's position and the
effectiveness of its work.
T he reason for the panic, witnessed by this
,unprecedented campaign, is very simple. It is,
that the League has received a tremendous re'sponse from the labor movement. The amalga;mation movement, one of the most important
, points in the program of the League, has taken
The Merits of the Argument
o n great headway, and is sweeping through the
We have grown accustomed to have our r e p unions. I t has been adopted by dozens of central lar "May Day Scare" thrown into us each year
labor bodies, and by hundreds of local unions. by A. Mitchell Palmer and similar "Department
T h e resolution adopted by the Chicago Federa- of Justice" officials. Accompanying the w a -
of the bigl cities open wide, and 4th screaming. vilification, and mwth.
Strangely ma?& tb tho* who d a &IX
8 coltma headlines the rnardfesto of Gotapera
kci a waiting world i g i brought j arth U nder Blte the latent: $ @ Wi the trade d o n s , .
m m tn
these q ~ c u k w i t c h - b d g a d - of MF,
,
bidzing heads is carried tsao solumns of such
t he m& of
noqsaaie t hat even the capitalist papers balre been G empm,-sa far fim ~~Q
p
urnable to -refrain freun j o k k g about it. Crompers" t he &ague, h ik~e mmd the m st decided. stirnut
charge w i n s t t he League b in the form of in- hnt t~ i s w e ~ kv53111be8by pmt failures, afld
& muraged by t he. mchianary ~~d ehamcter
fiumdo, and re%& s follows :
a
of
'W. 2 Foster, wka %adno money, went to MOSCOW their miam, atafiy miIiahtats ha8 failed to
.
o
A came back and announced that he was building awaken t the a l l mt out by the Trade Union
d
a great s ectst rgachitrt to uoderazia3e t he Azqedczan Educational L a v e when it w;as
Is;b.er movement and t arn 'it over to the Red ktntermtioaal, a w a d by Z d ETt b ema pubheiltioe of These dormer livewires had lost hope,
ea
&et
z s,xpensive m a w h e and g roclaimd rc thousand upon t he L eague I t mook theforlorn
w
t
d emomtra~cin
dmiried t futility.
o
' s eyet * ~ ~ i s thousand . co-uniti~~"
fa
n
of rm&nary o$icialdom- in a &c:
of f ear t
6
. ~ isreg%di~lg direct lies contained in tbis
.
t he.
conwince them that progress t 'not only posGblt;
paragraph, which -are apparent to any m d e r a nd
which were dealt with in the last &sue of T ~ l e but waiting t o be -called fa& t o transform our
LABOR.
HERALD, e will deal only with .the in&- hbor movemient into a living,-grow& pow&.
w
~ u - !Gqnpem can no longer - hold b d c
l
rect s tatempt that the M e is b e d by Bro.
the tjdess. of propess by m t words. The
pr
L qin of Ruaia. We have ,already poiated aut
e a t Campers was oBerecl Phq opportunity, w h k workers a m getting ready to go forward, and
in Chicago, to examine &% bmkg of the a qpm- eatmot ba mtl& logger fooled. I f the pathway
a
-&icm, but he r;efusc:d t o do so. In t he face of f the fatme m rries them, to k d.uskrid mionbm,
t-O. t d imrdkg of ' f~ssilsl i e : Gom@rs, to afb
this, t he repetition of such a s i d e a nd mouldy
&&rge is $is!inctly in bad faith. The L a p @ &lhtiarn ta the Red T mde Unim htm%at.ianal,
t
demaeds t hat he produce praof of his ~tssertions, Pbey a re not asraid (98 thav-e:W i !or heir name%
T he time ha% p m ~ d hen the scare-craw of
w
or c~
his s hder,
N .G mpers, in dl his decades of oppasitian BrrIsheuism and the bogie-ma of rwalution,
r
o f . G ompe~so of
t~ q ey@ng smacking of progressive or qidical. naanipuhted lby .theMhapdshe-road to betterr orcasx onger CJ& t
tt:ndm~@, a never before display& so much
h
on wad- more w orw-class power. T he
bitterness or attacked mything so atithasly, as
Ize i s
attacking the T rade Union Eciucatiw1- program of the Trade Union Educational L agpe
the way a l o q ithi%r d , the' masses
4 h a g n e . .Not m e n t s ith the use of m o e of has
in the m iom a re beginning t see the way, and
o
t he a m e m t i ~ erade lmian j omaIs, h e needs
t
now that they -have. tftartd it will take m e
must t urn to the c apidistic dailies. T he latter,
significantly enough, g l d y $ve him all the space
I
�THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922
June, 1922
The Railway Employees' Department
Convention
1
F
ROM the standpoint of constructive work, to merely an advisory body, because the Presi-
the convention of the Railway Employees'
Department, recently held in Chicago, was
an almost total failure. This was because it
neither understood the supreme need of railroad
labor, nor did anything to satisfy that need.
What railroad workers require above all i s a
solidification of their ranks, a unifying of their
forces so that they may make efTective resistance
to the powerfuily organized employers. But to
bring about this vital measure the convention did
virtually noffiing. Judging it by results accomplished, it was a standpat, visionless gathering
which refused even to express a desire for real
solidarity.
But, strange to say, ib the convention achieved
little or nothing in a constructive way, it never' theless displayed a g reat volume of radical sentiment. From first to last there was a strong
minority, which on a couple of occasions actually
became the majority, fighting steadily and consistently, if not always wisely and effectively, to
strengthen the bonds between the affiliated organizations and to draw them into amalgamation.
In fact the business of the convention was little
else than a constant struggle between this minority seeking t o progress on towards industrial
uiionism, and the international officials striving
to maintain the present craft alignments. I t was
a case of industrialism versus craftism. Over
it the battle between the two forces raged ceaselessly and manifested itself in every conceivable
fashion. I t was the bone of contention in the
discussions on such questions as the election of
new classes of officers, raising of per capita tax,
jurisdiction, amalgamation, admission of unions,
strike votes, and dozens of others. I t pervaded
everything, made all issues. And t he worst of
the thing was that upon almost every issue the
industrialists lost and the craftists won. That
was the calamity of the convention, the sense in
which it was a failure.
P:
L
-
.
.'
I
.p'i
,
'
'
I
17
tactics, together with all sorts of wild denuncia- ity to support Kutz's appeal. The appeal was
tions, ik took to force the delegates into line so lost, however, as i t failed to secure the requisite
that a majority could be scared up to defeat the two-thirds vote.
proposition.
.
Undeterred by this preliminary defeat, the
R a R evdt Looms
el
progressives waxed dangerously radical. One
The never-ending battle of the progressives delegate got vociferous applause when he defor solidarity of the railroad trades manifested clared:
itself sharply again on the general question of
"I believe the time is here and now when
affiliation of the various unions with the Departwe should decide who is going to affiliate
ment. Two distinct tendencies to this end were
with the Railway Department and who is
in evidence: one to bring into the Department
going to decide which organizations shall
all the real railroad unions, and the other to excome in.-Are we going to let the carpenclude the numerous craft unions that were tryters and joiners, the cigar makers, the pating to edge their way in so that they might ext ern makers, stone cutters, barbers, peanut
pand at the expense of the existing organizapeelers, peddlers, packers and polishers tell
tions. Under the latter head the Painters and
us who is going to affiliate with this Departthe Steamfitters were barred, because their entry
ment?-It
is time for us here and now,
nieant merely to divide and weaken the railroad
American Federation of Labor or no Amerworkers, not to unite them. Under the former
ican Federation of Labor, to say that the
head an invitation was extended to the four
railroad men of all crafts shall be united."
BrotherhooBs t o become part of the Department,
Further attacks were pressed against the Comand the Stationary Firemen were taken in over mittee's report. Amendment after amendment
t he strenuous, opposition of the administration. was offered, but they were all declared out of
This action was taken because it was felt that the order on the same grounds. Finally there was
Firemen wonk4 lend strength to the Department nothing left to do but vote on the report. Then
by coming in.
the p rogr~ssiveswere able to make their majorBut the real fight occurred over the request ity count by voting down the report. This left
of the Maintenance of Way for readmittance the matter before the convention without i ny
into the Department. The Committee reported recommendation. A motion was then made to
that this should not be granted until the organ- admit the Maintenance of Way forthwith. This,
ization straightens out its jurisdictional squab- too, was ruled out of order as unconstitutional,
ble with the Carpenters and is reinstated in the and the rebels lacked the necessary two-thirds
A. F. of L. But the progressives would not vote to upset the ruling.
agree to this ; they launched a determined fight
This last blow left nothing for the progressive
for re-filiation of the Maintenance of Way re- majority t o do but to amend the tabled section
gardless of consequences. They could not see of the Department's laws sd t hat affiliated unions
why the ranks of the-railroad workers should be should not be required to belorfg to the A. F.
split and this important organization kept de- of L. This they hoped to be able to do with
tached from the rest simply because petty poli- their majority vote when the matter was bronght
ticians in the A. F. of L. saw fit t o give aid and before the body again by the Law Committee,
comfsrt to the Carpenters' ridiculous jurisdic- But when the occasion arrived they were asleep
tional claims.
at the switch. Chairman Jewell put the section
The fight started by Del. Kutz moving to to the house and it was adopted without objecamend the Committee's report so s a t the Main- tion before the delegates realized what it was all
tenance of Way might be admitted immediately, about. This put the progressive majority in the
regardless of its suspension from the A. F. of L. same old difficulty of requiring a mo-thirds vote
h n d m e n t ruled out of order on the ground in order to get action. They moved to recon.that a section of the laws provided that only sider the action just taken and though polling
or@atbns
in good standing in the A. F. of L. 82 votes as against 79, failed to get the requisite
&n afffliate with the Department. Kutz appealed amount. An appeal from the decision' of the
from ,the decision, urging the very clever soph- Chair for having declared the section adopted
istry t hat the law in question was not i force without taking a formal vote on it went the
n
became it bad been laid on the table pending same way. Further attempts to amend the laws
further action by the Convention. It was a so that the Maintenance of Way might be adquibble, but so eager was the convention to mitted failed similarly. So, finally, the Prostrengthen its ranks by taking i the isolated gressives had to confess themselves beaten and
n
micm, and so little respect did it have for the give up.
A. F. of L. heads, that it actually voted in majorThe fight of ttre majority to seat the Mainten-
.
dents, although handling the business of the Department, are not responsible to it, but only to
their respective craft unions. T he proposed arrangement would upset this and bring the Council directly under the control of the Department
convention. It was an industrialist proposal of
first rank and its adoption would have gone a
long way towards solidifying the organizations.
Hence, the international officials turned their
heaviest guns against it. Practically all the Presidents denounced it, likewise many Vice-Presidents and Organizers. But, notwithstanding all
the alarmist outcries that its adoption would
wreck the whole movement, the resolution actually got the votes of a majority of delegates, so
strong was the desire to unify the ranks. The
vote was 141 f or and 138 against. The project
was defeated only by an appeal to the antiquated
system of voting by craft units. The six important crafts split three and three on it, bu&two
delegates, one casting the vote of the whole
Clerk's organization, and the other of the Switchmen's, made the h a 1 vote three crafts for and
five against. The thing was lost.
Another battle raged around the question of
increasing the per capita tax paid by the Internationals to the Department. At present it is 1%
cents per member per month. The proposal was
to increase it to 10 cents. This was another industrialist measure. Giviag the Department more
money meant to strengthen it and give it more
independence in the face of the craft unions. The
International Presidents perceived this very
clearly. They wanted to keep the purse strings
in their own hands, to keep the Department poor
so that they might dictate its policies. It was
pointed out that last year the income of the Department, through donations, etc., all of which
came from the craft unions, amounted to 9%
cerits per member per month. But when it was
proposed that this should be collected by a regular per capita tax guaranteed to the DepartT he Fight Be?gins
ment, and not through gifts and voluntary assessOne of the first big dashes came over a prop- ments under the arbitrary control of the Presiosition to enable the Department to elect its own dents, most violent objection was raised. One
Executive Council. As things now stand the a fter another the International Presidents, or
Ekecutive Council is made up of the Presidents their spokesmen, took the floor and stated that if
of the several affiliated craft unions. The effect the increased per capita tax was adopted their
of this is to reduce the ~ e ~ a r t m conventicsn organizations would quit the Department. Such
dt
TH-E.LABOR HERALD
�1
8
THE LABOR HERALD
ance of Way, notwithstanding specific A. F. of
L. law prohibiting it, was a remarkable illustration of the strong rebellious spirit, in the convention. This spirit.was the more noteworthy in
view of the fact that fully 95%'of the delegates
were p 4d o,fficials, system c h a i ~ e n ,each receiving anywhere from $300.00 to $6oo.oo:salary,
plus expenses, p er month. If such high-paid
officials were in this mood it may well be
imagined what was the state of mind of the rank,
and file of workers on the roads. The International officials had to constantly exert all their
power and influence to keep the convention from
running away from them. On nearly every important issue the Presidents, who are usually
reluctant to speak, had to take the floor to hold
,the delegates in check. So standpat, was their
attitude and so unpopular did they become, that
their appearance o a the floor was usually greeted
with ill-concealed groans.
The General Strike V ote
All through the convention the reports of the
committees and speeches of the delegates were
replete with details of how seriously t he organizations are suffering under the "open shopn attacks of the companies. This, in fact, was the
basis of the strong radical sentiment prevailing.
Most of &e delegates realized that the unions
were being driven back and they were eager
for almost anything that would solidify and
strengthen them. A streak of desperation ran
through all the convention's proceedings. This
came strongest to the fore in the discussion on
the question of a general strike of the six shop
trades as a means to put a stop to the "farrriing
out" of work, &he institution of piecework, the
establishment of company unions, and the many
other measures used by the companies in their
militant efforts to destroy the unions and to reduce the workers to slavery.
From the beginning it was evident that a
strike vote would be carried. The only question
was what kind of a strike it should be, a sectional or general one. After reviewing the hostile attitude of the Pennsylvania, New York Central, Erie, Western Maryland and many other
railroads, the Xesolutions Committee presented
a resolution providing for the taking of a national strike vote of the six shop trades if t he
grievances complained of could not be straightened out within sixty days after the close of the convention. This radical proposal did not suit the
Administration and they immediately &gan,to
war against it. Their plan was to confine the
strike merely to the roads affected. Hence Jewell
himself pleaded with the convention. for an
amendment to that end, saying:
-June, 1922
"I am going to earnestly suggest to this
convention t hat the second resolve of this
resolution be amended so the strike ballot
be submitted to the membership .on' the several railroads that may on the date of the
taking of this strike vote, be involved in
the conditions complained of in the whereases of this resolution."
The amendment was obligingly made by a delegate. But the convention reacted viojently
against it. They would have none of its policy
of leaving one part of the shopmen at work to
scab upon those that were on strike. The sentiment was overwhelmingly for a united stand
against.the common enemy. So strong was this
that not even the International Presidents dared
oppose it. For the most part they confined themselves to straddling and to pointing out the difficulties that would have to bg faced.were a national strike called. Some urged that the unions had
no money to finance such strike, and they were
told that the men were hungry 'now and they
.might a s well starve. striking as working. Others
called aqention to the fact that some of the roads
had signed contracts with the shop unions, but
the contention that the roads took them serious
and that the unions should consider them sacred,
was laughed out of court. I t was, indeed, the
time of the radicals. In their determination to
fight and to fight unitedly against the oppressor,
they swept all before-them. The Jewell Administration amendment was overwhelmingly beaten
and the original resolution providing for .a national strike vote unanimously a d~pted. I t was
the one victory of the rebellious spirit of the convention, and it was a veritable triumph.
The Amalgamation Scare
From the opening day of the convention it
was apparent that amalgamation of the many
railroad unions would be one of the most impo'i-tant questions to be considered. The delegates, most of whom realized the imperative necessity of doing something to greatly strengthen
the unions, were full of the subject. They talked
of little else. No less than 40 resolutions demanding. amalgamation in some form or other
were before the convention for action. The very
air was electric with get-together sentiment.
. All.this greatly alarmed the old-time railroad
union leaders. In fact, some of them became
almost panic-stricken. From top to bottom they
ascribed the sentiment to the Trade Union Educational League, which lately had been very activa among t he railroad workers. Their plan was
to scare the budding amalgamation movement.to
death. Caucuses of the delegates were held and
dire warniogs issued of the sad consequences to
follow if amalgamation was encouraged. In this
I
q ' n E : LiA!BO *R H E R A L D
June, 1922
campaign Mr. Gompers hilnself did yeoman service. In a conveniently arranged trip to Chicago,
where the convention was held, he publicly attacked the League most vigorously. Not content with this, he sent his man Friday, Matthew
Woll, to the convention itself to campaign against
the League. Ostensibly Mr. Woll was to advovate the union label, but in reality he spent over
half bis platform time heaping coals of fire
upon the head of our much-maligned organization. His harrangue to the delegates consisted
of the usual torrent of lies and abuse that are
doing service in certain circles as argument
against the League's constructive program. How
frightened he was at the sudden growth of our
educational movement, promising as it does some
real progress in the unions, may be judged by
his lengthy plea that the delegates should not
allow themselves to be made "the tail of a bookselling; proposition," as he dubbed the Trade
Union Educational League. He declared)that the
labor movement was watching to see that this
alarming calamity did not take place. Seldom
has anyone more openly insulted a convention's
intelligence than Mr. Woll with his peurile warnings. But then, he was so anxious to head off
the League and to save the railroad workers
from its terrible machinations that he did not
realize the asininity of his remarks.
.
The Thing Fizzles
T he general air of expectancy and (for the
reactionaries) alarm about the amalgamation
movement increased as the first days of the convention passed and the big fights developed over
various projects tending towards industrialism.
Especially the battle over the election of the Executive Council directly by the convention added
fuel to the flame. Another factor was a mass
meeting called by the League and attended by
fully half of the delegates, at which Wm. Ross
Knudsen and the writer made addresses on amalgamation. Practically everybody looked forward
to a battle royal on amalgamation in the convention, with a good chance for the principle at
least to be adopted. But little came of it. When
the actual issue camegbefore the delegates it
proved pretty much of a fizzle. The industrialists s+ed away from it badly and made a poor
fight. It is not too much to say that a large portion of them were influenced by the intimidations. and red-flag wavings o f. the standpatters.
Th'e measure received only a fraction of the support that it should have, considering the temper
of the convention. It was one of the ironies of
the convention that the body of the delegates
fought consistently for at least a dozen different
measures, all making for the fusion of the railroad organizations and the building of the De-
'g9
partment into an industrial union, but when they
came squarely up against the issue of amalgamation, the. very thing that their many fights on
the flooIf were leading straight to, they fell down
and failed to support it. When they came face
to face with their actual goal they did not recognize it.
T he amalgamation question came before the
convention in a minority report of the Law Committee, submitted as a substitute for the famous
40 resolutions and calling for a referendum vote
of the affiliated unions on the proposition. The
standpatters sailed into this, belaboring it from
all sides. The historian of the future, studying the development of the movement after
the unions have reached the industrial stage, will
snicker at the arguments made against amalgamation at this convention. Fully 99% of them
were the most trivial nonsense of the outpourings, of violent prejudice. Never was the real
question of amalgamation met. The poor old
Knights of Labor, which all the world knows
was merely a mass organization, was dug up
from its grave and made to serve as an industrial union. Likewise the American Railway
Union and the One Big Union, both secession
movements pure and simple, were cited as horrible examples of the folly of amalgamation.
Even President Wharton, who used to be a progressive, was not above putting forth such intellectual trash. H e was a pinch-hitter for the
Administration a ud was brought into the convention to close the debate on amalgamation,
which he did. It would be a waste of t h e and
space to analyse his trivial remarks on the subject at issue.
But if the standpatters made no real arguments
against amalgamation it must also be admitted
that the latter's proponents made few in favor
of it. They were too much on the defensive.
They spent too much time telling what it was
not and too little telling what it was. Outside
of a couple of speeches, there was very little
meat in the many talks favoring amalgamation.
Quite evidently many of the industrialists had
been a little overawed by t&e violent campaign
made against it by Mr. Gompers and other officials. Also, two mistakes were made by the
minority of the Law Committee. The first was
in reducing the proposition to merely an amalgamation of the eight trades affiliated tp the Department, whereas it should have c ~veredthe
whole sixteen. But something much more serious
was their failure to present a concrete plan of
amalgamation when called upon to do so. Jewell
put their shoulders squarely to the mat when he
demanded something more definite than the mere
(C&.nzced on page 30)
�June, 1922
Labor Movement'
B y Fritz
B
EFORE the war, the German trade unions
Heckert
starving and poverty-stricken proletariat, likewere counted as the most progressive labor wise a wrecked industrial system.
organizations in the world. They stood under
The working class, brought by Capital into
the immediate influence of the Social-Democratic these difficulties, and disillusioned by the overParty. But even more aapidly than did the whelming defeats in +e war, stormily demanded
party, they passed from the policy of revolution- the repudiation of the trade union policy of class
ary class struggle to that of reformistic oppor- cooperation. They insisted that property rights
tunism. With the outbreak of the war the in the means of production .be abolished. So
leaders of the German trade union movement originated the watchwords, "Socialization of the
became unquestioning followers of the militar- mines and the industries," and "Control of proists. They threw themselves into the arms of duction by the workers." And again it was
nationalism and did all possible to increase na- the trade union leaders, in cooperation with the
tional hatred and to further the war slaughter.
Social-Democratic parliamentarians and theoreFrom the beginning of 1915 we find the trade ticians, who sabotaged the struggle of the workunion leaders carrying on a sharp struggle ers to revolutionize the economic system. The
against the anti-war elements. "Whoever is great strike of the Ruhr miners and iron workers
not for the war policy of the unions is our in the Spring of 1919, fought to socialize the
enemy and must be relentlessly fought," so said mines and the steel works, was betrayed by the
Fritz Paeplow, president of the Building Trades trade union leaders and drowned in blood by
Union. The head of the Sailors' Section of the the Social-Democrat, Noske. The central organ
German Transport Workers' Union, Paul Muller, of the Social-Democratic Party, "Vomaerts,"
wrote after the capture of Antwerp : "The black- directly demanded the assassination of Rosa Luxwhite-red flag waves on the walls of this old embourg and Karl Liebknecht, saying: "Four
seaport, let us hope forever," and the editor of hundred dead in a row, and Rosa and Liebknecht
the miners' journal declared in the Summer of not there, not there!'
1918, "Ninety per cent of German trade unionThe principal theoretidians, Kautsky and Hilists are for holding the conquered territory."
ferding, told the workers that socialization of
I n this frame of mind the labor leaders ceased production is not possible. They compared the
all struggle against the capitalists, declaring broken down German industry with a quarry
social peace with them and helping them legally and "Quarries cannot be socialized." Then, t o
tie the hands and feet of the workers with anti- deceive the workers, a socialization commission
strike legislation. Every revolutionary they was established. Up to this day it has done
considered a mortal enemy to be fought by any absolutely nothing. With the lie that socializameans. They denounced the oppositional ele- tion is at hand, the German Government managed
ments to) the military and civil officials, and to save itself from the assaults of the wqrkers in
many were either sent to the trenches or thrown June, 1919, and to escape an overthrow.
into jail. The leaders were bitterly opposed to
Although the German trade union movement
the revolution, until the fateful 9th of November, had shrunk to only 700,000 members at the end
1918, when, for good or evil, they found them- of the war, in 1919 i t grew to over g,ooo,ooo
selves drawn into it.
members in the Socialist trade unions and almost
In the days of October, 1918, when the mili- 4,000,000 in the others. With only a total of
-tary and economic collapse of the Empire took .17,w,ooo workers in agriculture and industry
place, the German trad' union leaders, headed *The Arbeitsgemeinschaft is a sort of economic parLegien, drew' up the Arbeitsgemeins-iament, made up half of representatives of eml
chaff* with the coal and steel king, H ugo Stinnes. ployersi organizations and h i f of representatives
T he Arbeitsgervueinschaft still stands unshakably of trade unions. It covers all industries, and has
fast, in spite of the revolution, which gave power shop, local, district, state, and national sections. Its
into the handsi of the workers, and notwithstand- function is to settle all disputes arising in German
industry. The whole mechanism is an elaborate
ing a thousand disasterous experiences with i t institution to kill militant action and to establish
later. The end of the war left in G rmany a class-cooperation.
--
THE LABOR HERALD
in general, 13,ooo,ooo organized workers r eprq
sent an irresistible power. But the trade union
leadership has never understood how to use this
power in the interests of the workers. Yes,
apparently they have never even had the intention t o do so. I t is no wonder, therefore, that
the employing class, which after the collapse of
its imperialistic dreams was completely helpless
and exhausted, has been able to take courage, to
reorganize itself, and to begin to wring from the
workers one after another of the latters hard-won
concessions. Indeed, an opposition in the movement sought to win the trade unions for another
policy, to give them a new leadership. And it appeared a s if this opposition would overthrow with
success, the opportunists. u nder the leadership
of the Independent Sodalist, Robert Dissmann,
the great Metal Workers' Union, numbering
~ , b , o o o embers, was conquered. But soon
m
the membership of this big organization learned
that Robert Dissman was only a "word-radical,"
who from the moment he arrived at the head of
the Metal Workers' Union, pursued exactly the
same opportukistic policy as his Social-Dem~cratic predecessor.
In 1920, the opposition split : the Right-Indep ~ d e n t s under the leadership of Dissman, went
;
back into the camp of the class-cooperationists
21
about Karl Legien: while the Left elements affiliated themselves with the small Communist opposition in the trade unions. It was clear that
the right wing of the opposition, although publicly pledged to the postulates, "revolutionizing of
the trade unions," and "dictatorship of the proletariat," really had no other goal than the winning of a few easy-chairs in the labor movement.
When this end was reached it ceased its struggle
and joined hands with jts former enemies. O n
the other hand, the left wing of the opposition
expended its energies to give the entire labor
movement a new fig'hting spirit and to make it
more capable for the struggle. Ever clearer became the differences between the two factions :
A~beitsgemeinschaft nd class cooperation on the
a
one side, and relentless class struggle on the
other. The more the right-wing trade unionists
became prisoners of their class-cooperation policies, the bitterer became their struggle against
their opponents. Where they could, they drove
the latter out of the trade unions.
At the end of t he war the buying power of
equalled 45 pfennigs of prethe Gemn
war time. In the course of a year its value had
fallen to 1.6 pfennigs. Wholesale prices, according to official figures, were 43 times as high in
1922 as in 1913. T o offset &is waFes had
�June, 1922
mounted only 15 times. At. the close of 1921
the productivity of the average German worker
was only three-fifths of what it was in peace
time, and his actual wages barely half as much.
Rapid decay of the national economy and rapid
decay of labor power, are the consequences. The
future offers only the saddest prospects. The
cost of living for the workers, from the end of
October, 1921, to the end of February, 1922,
mounted 120%. A broader and stronger wave
o f. price increases is now coming on.
The trade unions have done nothing serious
to organize the defensive struggle of the workers
against these conditions. It is true, however,
that the Socialist trade unions enunciated ten
demands for the workers to fight for, and which
should save the working class and the national
economy from collapse. The chief demand was
the seizure of 25% of all wealth. That meant
codfiscation, for State purposes, of Capitalist
property to the extent of 50 billion gold marks,
and the socialization of the mines and other natural resources. With this help the ruined industrial system was to be set right again. The
working class saw in the realization of. these
demands the possibility to protect their standard
of living and to reconstruct the broken down
industries. Yet the trade union leaders failed
to push these demands, and the Social-Democrats have concluded a tax compromise with
Hugo Stinnes, which freed the bourgeoisie from
the confiscation of their property in return for
the latter's loan of a billion gold marks to the
State. Consequently the workers have been
loaded with new taxes, which swallow up 30%
of their entire income.
Against &is insane policy the working masses
are in revolt. The strike of the railroaders and
the solidarity demonstrations of the workers
generally on behalf of the strikers are visible
sics of the indignation of the working class.
The policy of the trade unions, serving only the
interests of the capitalist class, has led to the
result t hat the workers, badly divided, could
be &fly defeated by the employers. Consequently
a great indifference towards the unions is becoming rtxinifest in the masses. The revolutionary trade unionists are, therefore, devoting
their entire efforts to unite the scattering fights,
the united front of the working class against the
capitalist class is their slogan. And likewise they
are fighting no less resolutely against those
revolutionary workers who turn their backs on
the trade unions and therewith leave the field
entirely free for the old bureaucracy to carry
out its injurious policies.
, I n all national trade unions, in all localities,
in all shops, the revolutionary trade unionists
HowsI Became a Rebel
'
A Symposium. ' Part I.
Editors' note;-A fundamental p wt o f th.e g ei- era1 troops with shotted guns and orders to
era1 ' revolz~tionaryprogram i s to p ake rebels; kill. Next? The brotherhood officials in allit o develop me% ' am? w o m n w ho hawe defbnn'tely ance with the railway officials and orders issued
b rokm iPrith c apitati-~m d w ho are tookivtg fora
to the craft unions . to fill the places of the
&d to the establishment of a Workers' Society. strikers. Next? The office of the American
Bzlt h o d carz such rebels be made? T o t hrow Railway Union raided without warrant of law by
some gght olz t& a ll-+aportmt qwmy, TEE government. thugs, the clerks driven out, the
LABOR JEWD has a sked prom'nent figures in records carted away, and the officials thrown into
I
all b d nches o f the radical movement, to explaili jail in accordance with the law and order probr: fly j w t - h ow, &hy, and m d e r w hat circum- gram of the railway corporations. My blood
st,mce$; t k y b e c a e co.qz61zced that capitalism boiled as I s at with my associates in the foul,
hkd t o be dofie a my':with. The symposium m
l
'
Z rat-infested jail at Chicago. A six-months' sen6 e completed in our J uly m mber.
tence followed, jury trial having been denied.
I
I n jail there was time for sober reflection. RevoI
i
lutionary literature came through the bars. My
. 'E By ~ & e n eV &bs
.
blood cooled and my head cleared. The class
was d v/e r a time in my life when struggle came into bold relief and I saw clear as
I .was not with the weak and poor and the noonday sun how and why the government
again3t-the rich and strong who oppressed came to do the bidding of the railroads abjectly
them. At - fourteen I was a wage-worker in as a trained monkey obeys his master.
In the darkness of a prison cell I saw the
a rriilroad shop. My pay was fifty cents for a
light, and when I walked forth I was a socialist
fen hour day. I had my lesson in wage-slavery
early in life and never forgot it. I n later years and from that day to this I have -been the remany offers came to desert the ranks and climb lentless and uncompromising foe of capitalism
to the "top" but they were all refused. It suited and wage-slavery.
me better to remain a slave than to become a
B y Wm.Roas Knudsen
master. Upon that point I never had a doubt.
R ESH out of High School, with a bourgeois
At sixteen I was firing an engine and at ninepsychology and fame as a roller-skater,
teen, in 1875, I joined the Brotherhod of Locowell dressed and with a beautiful crimson
motive Firemen as a charter member of the necktie as a headlight, I put on my best efforts
Lodrre instituted at Ter- and strolled into San
"
r e Haute. In 1892 I re- Diego, California.
signed the office I held
There was a free
in the Brotherhood to or- speech fight on, but of it
.
ganize the American I knew nothing. SuddenRailway Union. The ly a policeman's hand
craft no longer satisfied shook my shoulder, and
me. The great body of when; insulted, I resistrailway employes were ed, I was slammed in the
not organized at all and jaw ;completely subdued,
.
the American Railway I was brought before the
Union, based upon the police sergeant, absoindustrial principle, ern- lutely in the dark as t o w. R- K~~~~~~
, .~~~
E~~~~ V. DEBS
braced them all. The what was the cause.
railway managers recognized the menace of
"Here's another Red, Sergeant."
the new industrial power of their united emCompletely bewildered, I looked about in a
ployes in the Pullman str&e in 1894 and com- frightened manner. Those ahead of me were
bined t o destroy it. The federal government, questioned regarding Socialism, Unionism, I. W.
subservient to the railroads, gave willing sup- W., etc. I thought I was in a bughouse.
port. The strike had been won clean and the
' Where a re you from?" 'Who are you?"
victory was complete. Not a wheel moved. The "'Are you an I. W. W. ?"
roads were paralyzed and the managers helpless.
I tried to ahswer questions that I did not
What followed ? Injunctions, arrests, and fed- understand. "What are you wearing that red
d
\.
*sy
have formed groups whose duty it is to show
the working masses the necessity of a united
struggle against capitalism and the necessity, of
the revolution. They point out to the workers
that the class-cooperation policy of the trade
union bureaucracy leads only to ruin. During
the past few months this intensive educational
work has had great success. Everywhere, grows
the influence of the revolutionary elements. But
this brings upon their heads equally the hate of
the bovgeoisie and that of the trade union
bureaucracy . Thousands of the best workers
have been deprived of their means of livelihood,
thousands of t he best fighters' have been expelled
from the trade unions. Still our comrades are
undismayed. They see in the hate of their opponents that they are upon the right way, and
they will allow no measure to turn them from
their course of revolutionizing and conquering
the trade unions. During the week after the
railroad strike numberless victims paid the pen-'
alty for their zeal. But every day shows us that
headway is being made, and we are determined
that the organized Berman workers, in the very
near future, can again be pointed to as the most
progressive in the ranks of the world proletariat.
F
1
-
�&em that I
my Z r d ~ m .
lay mind. Soes? mil while
together, I ~uddenly
Y approach to the socSPrl problem m s p d i d h a . In I wept and w s
a
tical. I was a tepartxr, ia rnwtzkrakw; a d
d the p a n t p b and literature 5
l
n
I had been a college m an; American, Gere h t A* I tmd to $ 1 with m mm full, a ma& R n h uiiimsities. My working Wy
1.
y
ex
r,
scuddRn cammatian bmlre i tn, my tb1~gt;l&. therefore, was W & t i f i i c The ~lc.ialproblem
n
A r dd
v m to me a polrtiaf p b h ; a d the.political
f fc
ad
graMem w u m d . E d m a made our g o t
kd
Be
This
= p a s and h t a the tank g o v ' m m t bad and
P w eat Here X ,XSIPd k m W g arguing, aJld g a d men wadd make i t
iZ
n
sn. ext
wg N
I h 4wI the fire hose was gwd, H one~tS;~ beI
turned &to the
I tried b r d ta away f m t ~ Lievd k t .
the water; w e d i the b wit% &e fuil
n
&
Honestly I * lqosed"
f a k e of the s t m m from. t he howsI fell a moment seventeen cities. Tizey
k ter i m e feet: uf water.
n
were aJ1 ~ ~ f r u p they
T
The brutal acaoxls of the palice, the confine- were all oorrupted hthe
ment wjth these r e W * and my mental reactions s ww way, to the same
t M5, caused me ta have a great interest in c sd. Reg"'d1.a~of mm.
1e m. gwhat i t ~ a a saIl aboltt. I i a v d g a t d . The WWCB of corn@. a in
I f d a2 the litemfare I d d gee. Read*
e1
md W n g produced thr? m t a Red.
dtie ware the m a This
L ~ N ~ C-RS
SN
suggested h t general,
not merely personal forces were at work, and that
N I was g ~ u a g W* taught IWS. the preb1rm.s of all our cities were all m e p roblm
I
I
wozs taught tb€?rKk very mmstly, a d I and that the s01ntioa.mmt be one,
At b t time many dty people thought that*
to aagpdy t m auld I diswvered that t world
h,
k
w-h& the cities were "bad? tbe state govern$id not mean for them t o be a- mlied. Neither ments were "g80dm g r '%&fm?' I took the trail
&e i d d s of
tQ the statesI and I "did" eleven of them. They
ity, which I learnedpnor
were 211 corrupt. They were all mmptad h
rhos2 of the poets w b m
eact1y the same wag. They were all cormpted
I w w tan&t $0 h e I had
c
,
just a s the cte were corrupted. h l as ia
iis
the c itie~,the s m c e s of t-he cormpltion in an
my eleven states were the -me.
But thu: nationail ~ o v m l e n t .that a t Iiast was
:
"gmd;'I wrote a sedes d artides in W d &ton8 giving prticdan whkh i genera1 &own
eb that the 3P$dmt G overnmat was n d mly
~~t
like!the cities and the ~Clrtw it w s e ;
am
mpted i r ~ same m y , by the same interests.
the
d a~trid ad financial
mm
L.2LABa
Xla the T g m m o this inmdgatiofl I m t
m
f
e
syshm js founded uPQn
f
r
a s i ideas d btrie;mUp qjposctd t a thaw ;ef all mrb o men i9 p &tia: p o d and bad, c&
et: d
md r efomen. 'It made no. essential CSiBemce,
C hrissie$- and d h w e .
Our p dithl system w8.S ,@qpma?dta be better : The best and ablest refarmers I watched at wcark
that L tci say, m-ay,ero&@ a d We +bts of were either beaten or comptwl. The. pmm of
lmwmity w as ~ u p p d ail there. But s amption weht on over or w der o r
t~
E8ridt~tiythe problem was m at moral
em politics w e corrupt, md.1 d!acoverd that then~~~
i t w a ~ ig business ij.M&
b
&e corrupting. pmblm liuld the mlprion waa nd-goa$ness.
&
the
When 1 I
W
&,
s
i
md
eat attout ita I Bad men d i4 a CLLUSX evil; gcmd mcm d d
f w d h t the upholders a f &e present system not do much good.
invariably either r idialed a of h a m e fadig&,
Still thinbg in t erns of good and evil, I asked
n ant with m - So gradually I Betame a r&l,
e.
what did the evil, and to firid the answer I passed
and I %aa kept in tfie fnmd of rebg.lli.lliwl by evew- by &a sad started for the rcma That's what
I kam about t e present world; by every *'radidJm e m : a
h:
for the mots Qf SOne-e
for?$* I h all7 @ced
W~S
a
P I M 'w'
C C %b' and gained
C%n~e tdde I
w
M
'
,
;.
�Metal Workers Awake
B y Jay Fox
T
I RTY years ago when a dozen! of us metal about our joint relations with the boss, that is
mechanics were delegated to organize the well worth the years of effort.
first Metal Trades Council in Chicago, the
Not Craftsmein, Just Employees
initial step was taken in the evolution df t he idea
that, in the near future, is going to reach its
W e have learned t hat a s union men all of u s
culmination in the amalgamation of all our un- have the same point of contact with the boss.
ions into one metal trades organization. A t that Whether we be molders, blacksmiths, m*
a&
time none of us had the least idea of amalga- ists, boilermakers, patternmakers, engineei-s, firw
mation, although we felt the need of united men, o r whatnot, when we approach the boss
action on the part of the metal trades. AfKlia- with a n agreement our craft distinctions disaption through a council was, naturally, the first pear and we become "etnployees'" seeking to batstep. I t was for the future to determine the gain f or our services collectively. The more of'
practicability of our move and to carry the idea US there are in that collectivity, the better barfurther if it failed to fulfill the need.
pain we will be able to strike. Having. &&
T he ideal of the most advanced of us at that &owledge we begin to look around f br & o m
time was a Metal Trades Council that would take of union that will always insure us the b i g s &
m
full charge of our relations with the bosses and crowd when we wish to negotiate terms of e ployment. A union that would represent every
swing all unions behind the demands of each.
person in the plant is the ideal organization. For,
W q did not know to what extent our separate why have more than one union, since one win
International union relations would interfere with fulfill the desired function, and do it best? I
such a plan. I t had to be tried out first. In don't think I need to elaborate upon this phase
fact, we never thought that our crafts unions of the subject. Every metal mechanic' h aws
might be improved upon. I t was not up to us, it is only too true, that our greatest obstacle .to
at that early date, to have such a far-off idea as united action is our different International a s h that of a union that would take care of us all. tions.
Yet the idea, is very simple and most logical. I
We have tried to carry out this idea of udtjf
am sure that if anyone had p.roposed such a of action through our M. T. Councils, but o w
union he would have been laughed at.
success has not been at all what it should have
been. Nlot that the councils are at fault. The
We were all such staunch believers in the councils are all right, and must remain as t he
craft union idea in those days, that we did not local central bodies through which our various
admit helpers. Thus there were two unions in
local r nions will function, as for example, the
the blacksmith shop, in the boiler shop and carpenter's district councils. The trouble with
foundry; and the machinists would not admit us is that the power behind the councils is
men who operated drill presses, bolt cutters, or scattered and we have a dozen different constiturret lathes. The theory was that we highly tutions and a dozen sets of International officers.
skilled men had nothing to gain by bothering The result is, that it is almost impossible to get
with helpers or semi-skilled men. But in time joint action at any given point with the assurance
we learned that these workers did cut some figure that funds will be forthcoming in case of need
in the shop, and that in a strike, by staying on from all the Internationals. Some of the bthe job, they made it much easier for the boss ternationals may be financing strikes elsewhere
to get on without us. So we proposed amalga- and don't feel able to undertake burdens. Such
mation to the helpers and now, with the excep- Internationals either forbid their men to stsilce
tion of the foundry, we are down to one union o r tell them they may do so on their own r e s p in each department. The molders amalgamated sibility. Thus the opportunity for united a c t h
with the core makers, but somehow left out the a t strategic moments is lost, and our whole
other foundryworkers.
of metal trades unity falls t o the ground.
The fault does not lie with the I nternatiawb.
Thus far only have we gone in the way of
actual amalgamation in 30 years. However, our I t is the system that is a t fault. How can
30 years of association in our Metal Trades have united action locally when we havenst $ot
Councils have prepared the way for the greater it nationally? The Internationals can never,
amalgamation. We have learned a few simple agree upon a working code so long as
things about our relations with each other and have separate treasuries and separate rules; s
T &e
m
tind C m @a 6e heard from
Qt
to
in the al&tio. of the & M s t s " U d h ,
the
for Pre&lenf i rqmftd on May 16@h,
s
%6
f 1 0:
01m
wf&. . jb&b&bXl, ...;..... 3 ,
E
.0
w
..,... 10,2118
W m. W h o t s & #
s
T he p Iatfam u pfi wM& &dsa made his
campaign w as un-compFamisi.s:1y k r b dustrial,
mbnism in the meh1 W e s , st~~g&e agahst the
employing A s s , &d '*ation
tQ &e Red Trade
Union International.
I wish to m e 6 a coqectioa in my W e
A R W bB HAUMFB? In mp .
m ~ I ,naBwrtkntJy omitted axwi&h ka-E %he
i
Br&t.hcm@ of Railroad Signabea, ~~"~,
,
.
I
s t impregnable ink=finance and the M e
railroading, the utter
amtian becomes apmostly always takes
r bitter experience
the burdens of the
orrect its mistakes.
E . K. Henry
�T HE LABOR H ERALD
A -Militant, Constructive Monthly
Trade Union Magazine
Official Organ of the
Trade Union Educational League
WM. 2 FOSTER, EDITOR
.
Subscription prica, $ . 0
-25
mediate action in the matter. Each central labor
body, district council, state federation, and international union, should take the matter up. Governor
Stephens, in Sacramento, California, should be bombarded with resolutions, letters, and telegrams, d e
., manding t hat Tom Mooney a nd.Warren Billitlgs be
released. Upon the action of our unions will ilepend the fate 'of these champions of Labor. Act,
a t once.
p a year
Published a t
1 8 No. L a SalIe Street
1
CHICAGO, ILL.
Member o The Federated P n s s
f
DEMAND TOM* MOONEY? RELEASE
H E Governor of California has many times
stated as his excuse for not taking action in
the Mooney Case that "Labor is not interested
in the freedom of Mooney and Billings." The entire
case against these two men has been shown, point
by point, to have been a frame-up. Every piece of
substantial evidence brought against them has been
proven rankest perjury. No one doubts that they
are completely innocent of the charges upon which
they have been in prison for years. District Attorney Brady has requested Governor Stephens to
grant them pardons. But the Governor answers,
"Labor is not interested."
As a matter of justice, what difference does it
make whether b b o r is interested or not? W hat
has this got to do with the case? ' Since when has
justice openly become a mere question of politics?
The Mooney frame-up is a stench in the nostrils of
the whole world; it stands as a Bving indictment
of our entire system of "justice," which has two
codes, one for the poor and one for the rich. Mooney
is proven innocent, but there is no way to release
him from prison. Imagine t h e prisoner a wealthy
man; does any one doubt that he would have been
released long ago? No case in modern times has
shown such a bold and shameless miscarriage of
justice; even the famous Dreyfus affair is not to
be compared with it. There is not tlre shadow of
reason for the men's imprisonment.
The Mooney Case is only the most glaring of our
many travesties upon justice in labor cases before
the courts. Hundreds of other labor men are still
in prison on frame-ups differing only m degree from
this one. But the Mooney Case, particularly, symbolizes the whole struggle against a corrupt and
heartless capitalistic machine.
Unfortunately, there is a germ of truth in Governor Stephens' statement, that " labor is not interested," and that is exactly *he reason why Mooney
and Billings are not released. I t he trade union
f
movement had given proper support to the case,
the victims would have been out of prison long ago.
Notwithstanding that their continued incarceration
is a monstrous crime, Governor Stephens will not
act until he is forced to do so. He wants to hear
from the labor movement. Well, let him hear.
The case is in the hands of' Organized Labor.
Every local union in the c ountrycshould take im-
T
.-
'
-
THE LEAGUE CONFERENCE
d
Y LSEWHERE in this issue is printed the Call
f or the First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League, to be held in C
hicago, Aug. 26th and 27th. This conference will be the
constituent body of the League, and will officially
launch the nationql movement and its organization.
This gathering will be the first time in our lab,or
history that practicalry a ll of the aggressive, forward-looking, radical and progressive groups have
come together ,for; t he purpose of planning on a
large. scale for. the educational w ork which is t o .,
consolidate and strengthen out: t rade unions, slaking.
of them the fighting instruments which, we must,
have if' we are to' stop the present retreat of our
organizations and go ' farward instead of backward.
f
In addition to t he~delegates rom the League groups,
i
who wW make up t h e conference proper, there will
be delegates from sympathetic and radical organizations in a consj tative capacity. It would b e<hard
t o overemphasize the importance of this gathering,
or to overstate 'its Significance for the futnre'of
I.
American h b o ~ . .
Out of this conference of the active unionists of
t he movement will come a New Charter for Labor,
holding up for the gliidance of the militants everywhere the t rue principles of militant trade unionism, and , the ideal and goal toward which our organizations. must struggle, and. which give meaning .
and value to the trade union movement. Into the,
darkest corners of the labor m oreqent, light will
go, giving new hope and courage, and adding
strength to the arms and brains of all who work
in the cause of Labor's emancipation. Every milit ant union man ,will a t opce become active, and
make sure that his locality has representatives a t .
this, t he 'most important iabor gathering of the
i
period.
a
I
I
THE
1
.
TEXTILESTRIKE
,
a
.
,.
wopde;fu!ly ' heroic struggle of the tex&
T H E _ r k e r s is being waged againat terrific,,odds.
Froni week to week it has gone dn, with no signs
of a settlement, or of weakening upon t ke ' part of
the workers.. T he rich barons of the textile mills
a re determined to add to their enormous wealth,.
wrung from the toil and sweat of these men and
women, by increasing still further their exploitation.
With the weapon of immediate and quick starvation,
they hope t o force the textile workers to accept a
condition of abject slavery.
In contrast to their wonderful stand against the
mill owners, there is a deplorable lack of unity
within the ranks of the strikers. I t is- pitiable, t o
watch the quarrels between the Amalgamated Textile Workers, the One Big Union, the United Textile Workers, and the other unioas, with tbeir mutual
o
recriminations in the press, ~ icketing f each other's
A
.
1
.
�THE LABOR H E R A L D
30
c ar after car of scab coal. The Coal Kings are
'cashing in on the strike a t t r e m e n h s l y increased
prices, with the assistance of the railroaders. In
fact, i f , the men on the railroads had entered into a
deliberate alliance with the employers to break the
miners' strike, they could not work more effectively
to that end than they are doing. Knowing, as every
wide-awake worker does, that the great industries
of steel, mines, and railroads, are owned by exactly
the same financial interests, they should recognize
the need for one common fight against the common
enemy. But still the unions seem not to have learned
that their interests are class interests, not craft
interests.
Such a shameful situation cannot be accepted
without protest. The question of active solidarity
with the miners should be raised in every local
lodne a nd svstem federation: railroad men should
..
getatheir organizations unitediy t o refuse t o handle
scab coal.
a consistent point of view upon all o-f the labor
e vmts as they occur,' makes it a thing to be
wondered about.
"I keep asking myself how it happened. Yesterday, there wasn't anything but a desert of
half-dead, miconnected, meaningless "labor papers" kept going by artificial respiration; and
suddenly today we find a garden teeming with
ripe fruit. Evidently, the makings of it were
there all along. And now, irrigation.
"Salutskv's article on the needle trades situation is v eG keen, I think. I t is b ig calibre stuff.
For meaningness, it is almost like a business
letter. Nobody would write a business letter
unless he had to convey certain information.
I'm delightid t o see that this month's LABOR
HERALD i s just as merciful upon its readers and
the paper supply, as any business manager is in
FOSTER MAKES WESTERN TRIP
writing letters.
E GINNING early in July, the secretary of
"Well, I haven't said much, but you must
the Trade Union Educational League will know that my heart is pumping fast with enmake a trip through the West, covering the thusiasm for the marvelous thing you are doing.
plincipal cities. He will lecture on "The-Crisis And I'm very happily amused with seeing that
in the American Labor Movement." If your you smoked Sam out. I hope you printed a big
city has not received a date for a meeting, write edition.
Robert M n r
io.
to the League, and an effort will be made to
arrange such a meeting. The routing will be
RAILWAY EMPLOYEES' CONVENTION
closed within two weeks.
(Contz'rmed from page 19)
word amalgamation and they replied that they
AN OPINION OF THE LABOR HERALD had no plan to offer. The greatest argument
HAVE just read No. 3 of THE L-R
against amalgamation was the failure of its advoHERALD. t is the most stirring reading that cates to adequately present and defend it.
I
has come to my eyes in many long months.
The convention accomplished absolutely nothI can't resist the temptation to say that the, quality of it is astonishing-astonishing to me, who ing in a constructive way, save possibly the orexpected much of it. The s tartlkg thing about dering of the strike vote, and 'that could have
it is its complete success in getting away from been done about as well by the Executive Coun"dead matter," or "boiler plate" filler, and, what cil itself. Representing the craft idea, the Adis perhaps more rroteworthy, its plastic adjust- ministration was content to defeat the progress'ment t o the entire gamut of national Labor ive stuff proposed by the industrialists. They,
themselves, proposed nothing new. Apparently,
Union events and, situations of the day.
desperate situation of the railroad"The first d d e on the Coal Strike is such in the
a relief from the ;miles of unenlightening news- ers, they believe there is nothing to be done but
type that I've been reading- i t is informative. to run around in the same old circle. The conT h a the heme gait is kept up all the way vention left off just where it began. It w& the
through, or, in fad, t he juciness of the stuff old story of marching the army up the hill and
increases with each page. G udsen's stuff makes then marching down again. This is a sad fact
a man know a lot of things about the Metal but a true one. The only encouraging feature
Trades that he didn't h o w b eforeinteresting of the convention was the prevalence of such a
large body of progressive thought. This in&thing t hat you like to refnember.
"And then-Gee whiz! I can't keep it up; it. cates a similar condition among the rank and file.
would be too much like a recommendation col- It is to be 'hoped that this spirit will grow and
expand so that when the next convention of the
umn in Lydia E. Pinkham's advertieement.
"The mere fact that THELABOR
HEBALD has Department assembles the delegates will come indrawn together an array of writers who can only structed to merge our many weak and detached
be classified as the best trade union brains in the railroad unions into one, militant, all-conquering
United States, is enough. That it is,being edited combination. To bring that about is the task
in such a mann&r a s to play a sSeady stream of now before live wire railroad workers.
THE LABOR HERALD
June, 1922.
June, 1922
THE INTERNATIONAL
FRANCE
T H E Provisional Administrative Council of the
Unity
of Labor-C.
G.
T. U. (the revolutionary half of t he F rench union
movement which recently split away f rom t he old
General Confederation of Labor-C. G. T.) has published a projected constitution for the new body, to
be discussed by the movement in preparatioi for
the coming convention in St. Etienne. The proposed
statutes differ widely from those of the old organization. Most of the differences are devices to prevent bureaucratic domination by the officialdom and
to place control in the hands of the rank and file.
The French militants have had mbre experience in
fighting autocratic officials in their unions than any
other rebels in the world; first in the big struggle
beginning 30 years ago when the original Syndi& calists won control of the organizations from the
primitive union autocrats, and then in the recent
desperate battle with the yellow Syndicalist leaders,
which resulted in splitting the whole trade union
movement in two. In these internal wars for control they have learned just what forms of organization serve best as seats of autocracy and which yield
most to rank and file pressure. On the basis of this
dearly-bought experience they are trying, in the
proposed constitution ,to place the direction of the
new organization as far as possible in the membership. Their experiment, coming as it does from
such seasoned militants, will be of the utmost importance to the whole labor world. The official
statement accompanying the projected statutes,
-
B
-
I
cave
.
i
I
.
"In working out the present constitution, the
Provisional Administrative Council has been inspired constantly by the necessity of placing
the entire confederal organization under the
direct and permanent control of the membership.-Henceforth, the C. G. T. U. will live, not
merely through the activity of its superior organisms, but especially by setting in motion all
its cells, by the initiative of all its members!'
In the new statutes many means are proposed to
check the growth of autocracy, such as limiting the
officials to one term of office and making them ineligible for re-election until after a t erm of years,
etc. But the most fundamental of all is the drastic
shearing of functions and importance from the national industrial unions and the transference of
these functions and importance t o organizations
called regional unions. Before the significance of
this can be realized we must glance a moment at
the former state of affairs.
In some respects the old C. G. T. was a unique
organization in the world's labor movement. I t was
in reality a double federation. Its national executive
committee had two secretaries and was divided into
two sections, one of which was made up of a representative apiece. of all the local trades councils, or
bourses du travail. This peculiar type of organization dated baek to the early struggle for control
between the Syndicalists and the reactionaries. The
former secured their first stronghold in the local
trades councils and eventually used them as the
means to revolutionize the national industrial unions,
which were more s usce~tible t o autocratic rule.
Hence, the Syndicalists ;eveloped a &eat liking f o r
the trades councils, and when they came into power
in the C. G. T. they insisted that the trades councils
be organized nationally t ogether and accepted as a
distinct wing of t he movement. ~ ~ wingsh were
t
supposedly of equal
A t first the nationally organized local trades
councils, because of their great prestige for having
revolutionized the movement and given birth to
modern Syndicalism, were the dominant wing. But
gradually the national industrial unions, throngh
having greater economic functions, got the upper
hand. Little by little, with the passage of the years,
they took on more and more influence until, finally,
the local trades council section of the C. G. T. became little more than a withered appendix. The
result was that when the recent fight developed
between the "lefts" and the "righs" in the unions
the former, although again capturing the local trades
councils quite easily, had a desperate struggle with
the "rights" intrenched in the national industrial
unions. And now that the split has occurred, and
in consideration of their bitter experiences with the
national unions, it is not strange to see the "lefts"
emasculate these natural seats of autocracy and turn
their functions over to the type of organization
which they have been able t o control and get results
from, in this case the regional unions.
The regional unions are local trades councils.
They are based upon industrial, rather than political
or geographical lines. They include all the local
unions in given industrial districts. Being local in
character they will lend themselves more easily t o
rank and file control. Under the new plan they are
given full autonomy to organize and direct the
battle.of t he workers in their respective jurisdictions. Quite evidently, if they grow and prosper,
their prime weapon will be the local general strike
of all trades. Nationally they are linked together
in the National Confederal Committee, the highest
committee in the C. G. T. U. I n fact, they make
up the whole committee, whereas the national industrial unions, so powerful in the old C. G. T. and
all other labor movements, are denied all representation whatsoever on the committee. The national unions are reduced to little more than technical societies ; henceforth the burden of the struggle
will fall upon the regional unions. The official
statement has this to say about the functions of the
two types of organization, national industrial unions
and regional unions :
"The regional unions fill an evident need;
they arise irresistably out of the'industrial evolution and concentration registered in late
years. They are called to bring about the harmony of the labor movement, by wiping out the
trade barriers which hinder the proletariat from
realizing its true moral unity. The regional
unions are the complete cells of federalism; the
perfect expression of the C. G. T. U. in their
organization, their functioning and their action."
"It i s quite evident that-the birth of the
regional unions leads us to determine the new
role of the national industrial unions, which is
�.'
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. ..."..
.
..-7,.
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8
V''
-,:
;--,
-
TH-E L A B 0 R I3ERAL.D
--- materially different*from t 4e .aid one. I# these
' f bodies continue to co-ordinate the national. trade
I
action, it is undeQiable t hat their task has beeb
considerably lightened by the regional unions.
T he perfect liason between the regional unions
and the national industrial unions will make the
role of the latter all the easier. The national
, ' $industrial unions especially shall study the industrial life of the country, each in the specialty
' 9which concerns it. Upon them particularly will
I
fall the duty of studying technical improvements,
assembling statistics, and making investigations
& 6f all sbrts, so as to permit the C. G. T. U., in
' ,$full knowledge, to direct its defensive and offensive action, a nd t o indicate, so far as possible,
. r t he constructive task of trade unionism!'
I
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By W m. Z F oster. 64 pages. Revised and Enlarged.
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STORIES OF THE GREAT BAILROADS.
By C harles E dward Russell. 332 pages. $1.25 per copy.
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RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF THE FIR8T WOBLD CONGRESS OF
REVOLUTIONARY TRADE UNIONS-MOSCOW. 96 pages. 15c p er copy.
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THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF 1918-1921 IN GERMANY, ENGLAND,
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By Wm. Z . F oster 64 pages.
Single copies, 2 % ; 1 0 or more, 15c.
9,
,a
abolish the local and national unions
,.
4
,
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8
-
AUSTRALIA
GENERAL a idgarnation of all t he trade unions
in Australia, on the 0. B. U. plan is now taking
place. The union is being constructed upon the
department plan. Three unions, t h e Miners, Laborers, and Transport Woikers, have already come in
on the plan. They number approxiinately 200,000
workers. .Other unions are now balloting and will
unquestionably decide to join. Thus is rapidly coming to fruition many years of work and propa- it prevail. The succe
ganda by Australian rebels. The latter have been worth of 'intelligent
fortunate in their methods. For a long time past
they have concentrated their e££orts upon the @id
unions, seeking t o merge them together and t o
infuse them with revolutionary ideals. Success is
now being achieved. The new organization, built nail.
of the old ones, is distinctly revolutionary in character and promises soon to play a most important
FINLAPTI)
art i n the industrial life of Australia.
Y a vote of 12,881 for and 5,813 against, the Finnish trade union movement has voted to atEiliate
with the Red Trade &ion International. This is
HE Norwegian trade union movement is now an indication of the rapid *growth of radical senticonsidering (and will probably adopt) a funda- ment in the former organization. During the past
mental plan of reorganization , somewhat %kin t o year the Communists have. succeeded in securing a
that being applied in Australia. The aim is to trans- majority of the Executive Board of the Confederaform the present loose national federation of trade tion o f T rade Unjoss, and of several important naunions, controlled by b ureai~crats,into a compact tional unions, including the Sawmill Workers, and
class organization dominated by the rank and file. Laborers.
A t t he 1920 convention of the Norwegian Federation
of Labor the following resolution was adopted :
"The congress recommends that the Federation
of Labor be reorganized on the basis of local
trade union councils. These local councils will
N amalgamation plan is now being carried out
in all essential points take over the rights and
to fuse together the unions in the metal indusduties of the present trade unions. The Federa- try, including the Federation of Metal Workers,
tion w ill be divided into groups corresponding bronze workers, motor engineers, and tin smiths.
This move followed upon the heels of a consolidation
to the great industriese"
A committee of nine was appointed to investigate of the employers forces.
this proposal, and its report is now before the various organizations for consideration. The question
will be definitely settled a t the trade union convenSWEDEN
tion in 1923. T ~ O lans have been submitted by the
p
committee f or the proposed re-organization . One, F OLLOWING t he merging of the Swedish Fedrration of Bakers and Pastry Cooks and the Swedendorsed by the majority, establishes the local trades .
councils as the basis of the labor movement. These ish Federation of Butchers, a new organization has
bodies, each of whjch a re to be made up of the been formed, called the Swedish Federation of Food
local unions in i ts locality, shall have a large degree Industries. Further amalgamations of important
of autonomy in handling trade. disputes. The local groups of unions a re looked for in the near future
trades councils are to be organized nationally in as part of the workers' program to offset the growthe Norwegian Federation of Labor. The latter ' ing power of the employers by strengthening their
.
shall take over complete control of 'the whole labor own ranks.
.,
sf.
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1922
gy$.
St%;p
•
AMALGAMATION
By W m. 2. Foster
This 64-page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, fills a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
phase and step by step it scientScally and irrefutably establishes the case
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The Organ of Militant W o r k i n g ~ s
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From the opening sentence, "The supreme need of the railroad men at the
present time is a consolidation of our many railroad organizations into one
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il
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end the wages system farever, a nd set up t he Long-hopect3or e m justice," there is not a drdl sentence i n the-book.
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Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. S ubscri~tionprice $2.60 per year. T he Trade Union Educational League, Publishers.
"Entered as second-class matter March 23, 1922, a t the postoffice at Chicago, Illinois, under the Act o March 3. 1879."
f
Vol. I.
July, 1922
.
99
No. 5
Trades Unionism in Canada
B y Jack McDonald
T
H E trade union movement in Canada has
developed under the social and economic
conditions created by its peculiar position.
Canada is dominated by two great powersEngland and the United States. Politically a
part of the British Empire, Canada is becoming
more a nd more dependent in finance and indus.
t ry upon Wall Street. Downing Street and Wall
Street being at times in conflict, Ottawa (capital
of Canada) is bent and torn between them.
Moreover, the farming interest is raising its
voice, and having some peculiar interest at odds
with both Downing Street and Wall Street, complicates still further the situation. Capitalist
Canada is not a unit; it is a house divided against
itself. And the labor movement is just beginning
to make itself heard.
Canadian Labor also is greatly influenced by
two great labor powers, the British Unions and
the United States Unions. Partaking of the
philosophy and traditions of the British, yet it
is organically hooked up with the United States
unions because of the close ecoilomic connection
between the two countries. The great bulk of
Organized Labor in Canada is part and parcel of
the International Unions with headquarters in
the United States-yet
the Canadian, like the
British rather than like the U. S. movement,
stands for the Labor Party in politics and is
affiliated to the Amsterdam International.
Thus the Canadian Labor movement stands
somewhere between the British and United States
movements. ' I t finds it impossible to progress as
far as the British, but neither can it remain as
backward as the U. S. I t stands somewhere in
between, but, while the British influence of ideas
and programs is strong, undoubtedly the U. S.
influence of economic relationship is the most
vital and important.
Indegendeat and National Unions
According to available statistics there are approximately 300,000 t rade unionists in Canada.
The vast majority of these are members of the
"Internationals," of the great unions with headquarters in t he United States, mainly of t he Am-
erican Federation of Labor. In addition to the
Internationals, there are also a few independent
unions, or federations, which are nationalist in
character. Those in the railroad industry are
described in another article. Some of the other
most important ones are as follows:
T he C anadia~z ederation of Labor is a federaF
tion of purely Canadian unions. Its title is more
pretentious than its strength warrants, as very
few unions are affiliated, and these are weak.
The pioneers of this movement were the Pressmen who seceded from the International Typographical Union nearly 15 years ago, at the time
of the struggle for the eight-hour day. A T oronto local of Electrical Workers, formerly of
the International, now the Electrical Workers of
Canada, is the strongest unit in the Federation.
This local seceded from the International about
two years agd. Toronto, Ontario, is the center
of the Federation. Small units come and go, and
its total strength is never more than a few thousands. A s hort time ago an official publication
was launched, Canadian Pederationist, which, according to late reports, is in bad financial straits.
Generally speaking, the secession unions which
make up this federation are imbued with a narrow nationalist spirit, and have a deep prejudice
against being governed "from the other side."
T h e N atio~zal Catholic U nions a re of recent
origin, and are located solely in the French-Canadian Province of Quebec. Born and reared
under the direct control of the Catholic Church,
they are an attempt, ( I ) to prevent the organization of the Quebec workers in the same unions
with fellow workers in the other provinces, and
( 2) a n attempt to b ring t he question of religions
into the economic organizations of the workers.
They are confined solely to members of the
Catholic faith. Their strength has been gradually
increasing, and is now around 35,000. T here is
a strong sentiment among the employers in
Quebec against the International Unions. Quite
recently the Premier made a bitter attack upon
them., he was infuriated at the strong stand take^
by the Typographical Union. The question W&S
�THE LABOR HERALD
THE L A B 0
July, 1922
.-
"Mibereas, we have discovered through p&ful exp r i m e s the utter futility of separate aetan on the
pad of t e workers organized merely along craft lines,
h
su~
tending to
the relative p osi~an
of the master-class; therefore be it
L
"Resolved, that this W ~ t e r n abor Copference plaee
itself on record as favonng the reorgWWabon of the
workers along Q dwtrial lines, so that by virtue of their
industtial strength the workers may be better prepare
to edorce any demand they consider essential to thew
m a i o t m c e and well-being.
r a i s a 31t 2 S'egislature, and the hfe@& made
h
wm
the International u --wuebec.
- But q m - ~ e Catholic unions, it. L int&esting
'
to note, have whetted the appetite of '&e workers
hrrorgrmization, a nd bid fair to thwa* the pur.- . -t-heir organizers. The m w r .epncesof - s i ~ n sgiven them, as a f o n d recog&ithn of
:
&eirirorgagked state, have also w e n an inkling
of what a real organization could and would do.
Reselution No. 3, carried, read as follows:
T k Luanber W orkms I n d d c s W , Qwioa of
"Resolved, that t,his Cbnvention recommends to its
Canada. formerly the British C olmGa Loggers, affiliated membership the s evemce of their a p i t i o n
-ih
were at one t&e a strong orgmim*
T he w t the ~ n t e r n a t i dorganizations, and that steps be
an
&kl
f all workers!'
presmt conditions are, however8 v a y adverse, taken to form of .i ~ dpolicyorganization or&@*is also
fie
cornittee
Section
w ith the i Ioiing down of mamy of the lumber interesting:
a nips due to the depression. The lumber
me opLjaa of th
it
be
workers .&came a miated to t he One Big Union to estabbh an indilStrkl form of org-ation.
.
a ,i ts inception, and were its greatest financial
t
I n May of that year came the memorable Winsupport. I n 1920, however, they broke away be- nipeg g e a d strike. While this was ane of the
cause of disagreement over the form of organiza- most g g c
+ &t
displays of working-chss solition, and took their present name. In spite of darity k^HarthAmerica, culminating h the
f i e hard times they are now going through, this ~&SO=&
af the strike leaders, it also gave
virile and r adial organization has blazed tke si mE V t t he formation of the 0. B. U. Which
t fh s o
m
for the Canadian labor movement by decid- csme h'3&e. T he m ovemat, under the s lop'n
ing jn Coovention, some months ago, for af5Xa- d industrial unionism and secession f m &a
t i ~ to the Red Trade Union International. '%"bgp Internationals, virtually swept the Westem ~ r & n
Gavg no rivals 'in ,.he C anidkn lumber g+
vinces. O Sdal figures placed the m mbership
an$ k revival in the industry w ill give these -1a t around 40,000. However, it fail* mtterly in
..
wsrts, th6 .opportunity of making t heir-pxtk felt its c&nt t o invade the %st. W m %%kecall
b
r
k-C ~ . a d a nce again,
o
that the -Eastern P rovines a re the i . ~ t M a and
l
, y kq.Dpe B
ig U~ioigrt.ates from the m f w a c e m anuIx&ring provinces, conitainhg %h$d k of
d
b
fg#& ? c 1, a t &l&y,hL1b1&~.- About the ppdahn of Canada, it I c l a r that '@s fact
. h91%
s
zsn.Aelegates f r m ~ r a d e sC O ~ m d, local h omed the 0. B. U. Sin&then there has been
~E
w&nspf the I ntemtionds, 0f the f our l4$itern progresiiwe decay in that
Pxovince3-British
Columbia, Alberta, h k a t - of memb@&ip are conflict
~ heycpPP Manitoba-met
a nd.
and m a some that it &om not exceed 4,000 and h W%mipeg
ae
a
momentous decis<ons.
alone &ea it have any strength. T&e~e not a
&
The.W estem delegation at tbe An&tl D.Eenin- trace of .ileft in Vancouver, while k h %
&
iiRg Tra* and Labor Congress 'had al1way4a m- Edmonton, Calgary and Saskatoon
h s e d the-ridicab o l eft-we+ Ap&mmkly be- strongholds, nothing but the name
r
c ombg. impatient a t thk slaw pzxyfrw of,&#& day, when & e 0. . U.is denouncing I n d p a l
B
ideas a rnongs~he Eastern workers, and withcat& W nm and the Red Trade Uniota Internationt
oi
goreseeing the distastrous effect that their d e al, we find most of its former spokesmen a rc now
c b i ~ n as to have on the
w
against ehe policy of dual unionis* and a& S or
this! oohference decided to
b M r i a l unionism through amalgamatioiq, ~d
all connections with the I a t m m M the program of the Red International; a o
tb
mw
a~~tions.
these may b mentioned Kavamgh of Vancouver,
e
%hw_Oae-Big Union has e hnged & b Magridge and Lakeman of Edmonton,
of
i ti~shmt e: Today ib most intense' propa&nda Saskatoon, and Fay of C algam
M
he be$ eleis:~gaimt..
industrial unignism T be Bulletin of ments a re thus departed fri!k f old mistake,
M ~ : ; E T . carried a long ediitoriak, since ~ q z h t e d and are now hard a t work in b $ East and West
&~
l
as-aCpmpMet, the burden +f which is that zr&&
(which a re now closer togethen &an ever before), .
a & c !Oa-kam unicrn for one indam is a r a t - endeavoring to consolidate the. labor movement
e b av
tiofiarjz~s+gp?" It map .therefore be-06 j nte~e& a s a whole. All now realize @at the $s
!t
pret a. M r w h a t was -the atti€ude of the f&.lgary requisite for even defensivk s+ggle 9 a unifiC mference;-did- lanrrched the. ( h e B ig U ddn. cat3on and consolidation of the e$&#ng arganizaE k s d j j t i ~ n r N ~ ~ hick w as caljried ~ ~@W&O~ES2,w
tions.
_.LL.~n
-.
ly.,-.qads-k.as d ~ w : - :. . :
B
s
n i - ~ p Lba Mpqp*2.%;d
.. .
~ e ~ ~ ~ m & f- w c !
4r--chigg-&itngs haee' t&m
T he .;art majoritf 4iw orkers in
p%G ---*%8tyear.* - ms r*:gt+wm;
;and
. . .-."
p&e
-
..
*-
l
MB
.
d
L
Canada belong to the internationals. The group of
first importance, as they constitute the keystone
in the labor movement of the country, is undoubtedly the railroad unions. The building trades,
metal trades, and miners, follow in order of importance. The Canadian District Council of
Metal Trades Department, A. F. of L., covers
the metal trades outside-the railways; the railroad shopmen constitute District No. 4 of the
Railway Department. The United Mine Workers have a membership of approximately 20,000,
organized in two districts, viz ;No. 18, in Alberta,
in the West, and No. 26 in Nova Scotia, the East.
Canada is a land of vast distances, which militate against frequent conventions in the trade
union r n v e r i ~ ~ the chief work must, of course
T.
be done ia the large cities. From Halifax to
Vancouver & a f ar throw, but the work must
o
be carried a, n that scale. This is the reason
that the miSqant union men and women of Canada have been inspired by the work undertaken
by the Trade Union Educational League, which
is working in the unions from coast to coast,
getting a common program into action in every
town and,citpr throughout the Dominion.
As a whole, the Canadian movement presents
even better opportunity for our work, for irnmediate results, than any other section. The
advanced in its social and
movement is -re
politicd outlook than the movement across the
line. The Dominion Trades and Labor Congress,
the counterpart of & A. F. of L. Convention,
not only has gene e n record for independent
political action, buf has taken the initiative in the
formation of Provincial labor parties, to which
w
trades tu&m w d ~ t h e r orking class organizations can affiliate. At the last Congress the basis
was laid for the linking up of these Provincial
parties into a Dominionwide Labor Party.
The b ckwarhes's of the American labor
movement has been used as an argument by the
advocates of Canadian national unionism; they
have cited the lack of national autonomy, the
absence c power to bring strong pressure on the
%
Dominion Government, as their strong argumen.t
against the Internationals. However true i t may
be that the Canadian unions lack power,.it is certain that. such power cannot be achieved through
the policy of splitting up the movement as has
been done with the nationalist unions and the
0. . U. And just as the confusion of dual unB
ions is imsupportable, so also is the multiplication
of craft divisions that now exist. The only solidbasis of working q ass power industrial as well
as politicalj $ies in t he movement for consolidation and anialgztmticm. T hypresent Councils
of autonomous d o n s , separate headquarters,
separate constitutions, separate sanctions to pro-
<
cure for each projected a c t i ~ n ~ atlhis is-.oblsolete and must be scrapped. From a 'purely
financial point of view it is untenable. Millions
of dollars annually are literally thrown away
upon duplication of offices, editors, organizers,
and officials. Because of our lack of unity, amoqg..
the workers organized, we stand helpless before
the solid phalanx of the master class.
The trade union movement in ~ a n a d a ,a.~. ?n
other countries, is passing through its m o g ,
critical period. The employers @re attacking-.
viciously. The movement is relatively . -w_eak,,
Thousands upon thousands of the workers b gw,;
our weakness, and know that industrial' unionisg;;
is the answer. Nowhere is this message- g veft,
to the rank and file, but what is is received wifh
acclamation. Why then do we not make moTe
~ r o ~ r k?s s he reason is our lack of q rgani+t~n,o
T
among the militant unionists in the past. JV?,;
have relied upon a blast of trumpets. T hat ~ ~ 1 1 1
not do the deed. Steady, hard, plodding w o ~ % '
alone will suffice, and thoroagh org?n:za$on&Instead of being content with damning the _re$$:
tionary machine, we must build our o& machge3
-not for the gratification of p e r s o ~ l - a m ~ t i & s j ~
but for furthering militant unionism. The" Trade
Union Educational League has beexforrged f or
'I
this purpose, and is already taking @ *tlGe.'&sk;;
Let us all take hold, and with this .itls'fi&kp.t.ready to our hands, set to remoldiirg the -t&a;:
union movement along industrial lines, ; ~ f g ~ . @ ~ <
G- *
i t with a new spirit, and thus m ake i t fit f ~ , c p ~ g with the ruthless attacks of the capitiEst class.
.
e
READ
.
__.
,
.
The Labor Herald
-
FOR AUGUST
Special Printing Trades Number
also
.,
The C onvdon of the American
F h t i o n of Labor
reported by Wm. 2. Foster
This issue goes to press while the COVG
vention i s still i session, amd the c orn
plete report m1 appear n ext naofsth.
.1
S pecid articles or various p b q s
oz
of the labor movernemnt, Notes .
on th+e Internatio~uzl siduatiom,
ed;torkls, and the regular departments. This will be the h t issue
of THE LABORERALDefore the
H
b
National Conference of the T. U.
A-
�-
THE LABOR HERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League
Dual Unions on Canadian Railroads
d
T
HE First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League will meet in
Chicago, August 26th and 27th. Responding to the crying needs of the present situation
in the labor movement, it will bring together all
the organized groups of militant union men within the trade unions. At this gathering will be
worked out the national policies for the radical
unionists, plans for work in each industry, and
$e attitude to be taken toward the various burning questions before the workere
Surely this move is not premature; it cpmes
a time when the labor movement is on its
m t desperate retreat. The Convention of the
s
.A. F. of L. reports a loss of membership for the
year of over 700,000 members. This is an average loss for the year. The exact f i s r e a t this
time is certainly well over ~,ooo,ooo. Never before has the labor movement suffered such a loss
in strength.
+t
b
..
f n the matter of wages and hours, the retreat
is just a s pronounced. Following close upon the
heels of one another have come wage cut after
wage cut. Increase of hours has become the
order of the day. The drastic lowering of standards of the railroad workers, ~,aoo,ooo f whom
o
w now voting on a strike indicates the sitnation
@roughout the field of industry.
P ~liticalenslavemept has increased along with
the decreasing power of Labor. Injunctions of
the type of those issued by Judge Anderson ate
becoming established as "normal." Laws aimed
at Labor particularly are being passed in every
state, and by the national Congress. Within a
few days the Supreme Court knocked out the
Child Labor Law, and decided that union treasgries could be attached for damages to employers
because of strikes. Industrial Court Laws are
b$ng enacted, and Labor is being forbidden to
s w e . Black reaction swings its whip over Labor in the field of Government.
What have the leaders of the Arherican laber
movement to offer the workers in this crisis3
frothing. They are completely bankrupt. Now
@at hard times calls for Labor's reserve power,
h e conservative leadership is shown to have been
doing business on empty paper promises, with
nothing whatever to back them up. The first
moment they are called upon to meet real prob-
lems, to dispIay real leadership, they stand completely helpless aad impotent.
But if the leaders wi!l not act, then the rank
and file must. In every union and in every city
there are men who see our present plight clearly,
and who do have something definite to offer to
Labor to meet the situation. The Trade Union
Educational League is their organization. I t is
carrying a message to the rank and file, proposing
that we put our unions on a modern footing. The
retreat of Labor must be turned into an advance.
e
To accomplish this, W must wipe out the divisions which are the sources of OUP weakness.
We must have not more than one union in any
one industry. Besides this, these industrial kions must act together as regiments in a n army.
And finally, we m,ust give the workers a rnilitant spirit by teaching them that they have absolutely no substantial relief to look for as long
a s the wage system persists.
The First National Conference of the Trade
Union Educational League will be one of the
most important gatherings in the American labor
movement for a long time. It will mark the
birth of a new organization, crystallizing a new
tendency and will be one of those epochal gatherings that occur seldom in the lifetime of an individual. It is highly essential that every union
and every city and town be represented at this
Conference, so that it can give the benefit ~f its
advice and assistance in laying the corner stone
for the new radical movement in the mass unions.
Each Local League will be entitled to six delegates. Every city should try to send as nearly
that number as possible. As a matter of economy-, there will be a district conference for the
Pacific Coast held during July, which will enable
the active. workers there to gather in larger numbers and then send a few delegates to the National Conference in Chicago in August. All
other local Leagues will send their delegates
directly t~ the National Conference. One of the
mogt important items to come before the Conf%rwce ill be the permanent organization of
w
Districts, of which there will probably be fourthe Eastern, the Central, the Pacific and tht:
Canadian. Where there is more than one delegate from any locality, they should be chosen
from different industries. This win help to make
the Conference thoroughly 3epresentative. If
your local League is not yet fully organized, get
busy at once to complete your work, and prepare
to elect your delegates.
1
1
I
I
By P. Morton
',
T
H E railroad labor union situation in Canada
is muddled by dual and s ~essional nions
u
probably more than in any other country.
While the sixteen "Standard" railroad unions of
the United States and Canada, the Internationals,
have the
majority
*ose who
are organized, yet there is a flock of little outside organizations which sap the strength of the
railroad men a d render harder the struggle of
the workers. These dual unions draw away each
a portion of the more active workers from the
mass unim in its particular field; more serious
yet, the r esdthg confusion and factionalism becomes a n e
e
f or large additions to the ranks
of the "~n&&t O rder o;f Dues Dodgers."
8,
Neverth*,
the actual condition of the
railroad up5oms in Canada has not justified
d uali$q.to h e .extent that has been present
i the United States. In the United States
n
there have been a number of great strike movemeats whi* repressed by the International union
o&cials, $ouqd expression in "outlaw" strikes
and caused %he formation of some of the secessionist orgai&ations. T he vicious war carried
on against f ie h f o n s in the United States by
the railroad mecutives, under orders from Wall
Street, has a1.so c o~tributed to ploughing the
ground far dud d o t there. But these conditions did not exist &.nearly the s aqe intensity
i Canada. Our @ @ i supply of dual unions
n
~ @c
must rather be attdbuted to the fact b a t our
more active rank a nd filers have lacked a "balance wbwy' and have been open to every influence a nd ,slngggStion wafted on the season's
breezes, ' '' '"
~t w $ q there a re in Canada (counting
:g'
the stan&$.&im,
all have soae sort of
.
working &$:@gements, a s one) , s ix organizations
b iddkg a&si
each other for the support of the
shop trade^^ dive unions competing for the running crafts, ,&ght unions fighting about the clerks
s, s ix more disputing for the
and shop laborers, six over
, four dividing the telegmthe dining and sleeping
h group, with the excepfreight handlers, the In(the sixteen standarq
railroad orgm&a6ions) have many more of the
a
organized w ~ k than all the others combined
And the s&&td Internationals are also the organizations @at conduct the negotiations with
the companies f ar each group, with a few exceptions mentioned later. But though their member-
ship is small, the dux1 unions create much confusion and seriously weaken the whole mass of
the railroad workers. A few outstanding examples may be cited.
The "Best" Organizations
I n 1919, a man by the name of Best, formerly
of the Locomotive Engineers
a district
on the old Canadian Northern Railroad, started
a new union, called the Canadian Association of
Engine Service Men. ~e endeavored t o get the
,%ineers and firemen to-join, using the slogan
~
~ to~
was
a
of "canada for the ~
extent successful, obtaining a number of
those workers. But in a referendum vote recently taken of the employees of that road, they voted
two to one in favor of the International Unions.
Undoubtedly, however, this dual union will remain for some time yet to further complicate the
situation.
T he same' Mr. Best later started a secession
movement within the secessionist 0 . B. U. shopmen of Winnipeg, calling it the Canadian AS-'
sociation of Railway Shopmen. H e was for a
time able t o get a few shopmen, but it-seems to
be dying out. Another organizatiori fatliered by
this prolific begetter of dual unioris was the Canadian Association of Train Service Men.
The Canadian Railway workersi lnhastriai
Union
This embryo "industrial union" was launched
among the shopmen of Calgary in 1919, about
the time of the 0. B. U. movement. Its members were recruited from the workers on the
Canadian Pacific Railroad, but never got beyond
a few of the shop trades. Largely due to the
divisions caused by their secession and the numerous other dual unions, these S a m men are, for
the most part, l10t now members of any union.
The Unit+&Association of Railway E d o ~ e m
'
of America
There are only a few scattered members of
this organization in Canada, principally among
the running trades. Their propaganda against
the International Unions is, however, quite in;
dustrious. Recently an organizer for this union
in Eastern Canada made the announcement that
they were going to start a Canadian Section of
the United Association. Just how far it has gone
i s hard to tell yet, but it will probably be another
contribution toward division and disunity. .
The Catholic National Union
This organization was started a number of
years ago by some authorities of the Catholic
Church. Some of its organizers are priests, and
a
~
�i
T .HE L A B O R H E R A L D
in, some cases where It has a f oohMJ t priests
k
act as bwiness agents. The reason @n for its
e
separate existence is that the I n ~ u n a Unl
i are too "radical," and hence bq a tendency
m
t o alienate their followers from the Chxch. They
claim to have 40,000 m embm, iawept&yg all
classes of workers. Their prirYci& sfzmgth is
in the p rovin~eof Quebec. Hqw & g they
n
a re on the railroads is problemti&a[; they have
ST
OE
I
shopmen and elerks, bat in k hp@xee a re
they a considerable factor en the
e ms
so far as wage m o v m a t s o r
a re
concerned.
all d k o a d employees of every craft. From
time to time it has secured a to&hold among the
shop a d ocher trades, only to lose it again a fter
a brief pwiod.
At present the Canadian Brotherhood has the
majority of the organized clerks and freighthandlers in Canada. I t negotiates with the Canadian National W r o a d for that group of workers, and also to same extent for the boiler and
engine room e mployes and shop laborers on that
road. In the last few years, however, the Clerks'
International has organized that group on the
Canqlian Pacific Railroad, and carries' on their
negotiations. For the last four years, b t h unions
The Chadian B r d d ~ 4 'lk@imatd
4
have been making great efforts to seeme comE mplam . \ I . ,
plete control, with the result that the hostility
This organization, like s&ier b. $s field, is
&
hem has become pronomeed. T his
largely "national" in clzaraI %We em- between its deplorable, and keeps many workers
!
%
&
situation
phasizing its peculiar ( h am
Znd
'
out of h t h organizations, continuing dborganizaparadoxically enough, t !m@B.
o
n w t a in order to organize the clerks,OB &e C k- tian. T he sign of progress here is, however, that
there is a move under way to amalgamate these
adian Northern Railm~d)whit&. h
two unions into one organizatioh.
into Virginia and D uluth This i s
Mean Federatiam d Railroad W.
4
h o n s t r a t e d t he fallacy :af "m&eflal"
1n-ti-1
~ m&eh'ho~d sati011
of
the r droads, aU of which cw &e international
r
,.
.
border,
~P~QY-A t 3k.s inception in 1909,
The American Federation of h i h ~ a d orkW
Was
n d a dual union, in the s tria s a g of the w d . ers 'made an attempt to get a foot lmld with the
At W h e theclerks, f r+t-Badlers,
l a b o m , r ailrad m xkers in Canada, and seea?d a few
and engine room eniq~lcryq~, . w e e m ; & sn that portion of the New York Cenetc.,
nr q
a
t&Ify u noEganw. m i fite&M aeijons tral, Wabash, and P ere Marquette lbdroads that
e
w%% jafiscktkn ~ ~ these r
e % hadQmade m tb-owh a section of Canada. H ere their
i
&
any energetic headway in Cam&. It m s only &fluence stopped, m has a a11 t imes been negd
$
a short time, Itowever, until the C km*
Bro- ligible, except for the p reve&m ~f mi@.
therhood tbrew open its membership h k o t o
The International B rotherhod of S ~btian mE
July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
9
than shopmen, ever joined it at any time. The
shopmen they did get were all in w estern Canada (west of Port Arthur and Fort W i l l i i s ) ,
and their numbers were not more than 50% of
the shopmen involved. This means that at its
strongest, &e 0. B. U. had no more than 1 t o
0
15% of the Western'railroad workers at the
height of its power. Never did they obtain
enough power to function as an ordinary union
in this field. The organization has now lost most
of its members, and has degenerated into a baseball pool establishment. The pools conducted by
the 0. B. U. Bulletin have done much to keep
that organization in existence. The B ulldin is
The
Big unia
being sold in immense numbers, for the pool
All of @ d ual and secessionist unions men- tickets that are printed therein ;but the influence
bm'-mhave been conservative or reaction- of the organization as such is rapidly dying.
tioned a
of their nationalistic posiAl this complication of unionism has resulted
l
philosophy of the labor from the original mistake of quitting the old orUnion differs from all ganizations. The membership, instead of work. I t has always been a ing to improve these organizations and to make
with a philosophy of the class them function effectively, has run off to all sorts
alist leanings. How- of union tangents, with the confusion we see.
.exmatWi'pa'c.5ical results of its organization ac- The situation will never be corrected until the
t ivi'h b m6een t o continue and extend the de- original mistake is made good by the active spirits
$Ir)ralsb,i%#gdty and division.
going back t o the trade unions again and taking
The m e Big Union, contrary to the opinion the mass of seceders with them. Except this is
of many p e o k never made any large successes done there is no immediate hope for solidarity
on the railre&&% Very few railroaders, other among Canadian railroad workers:
ployees is one of the three unions into which the
clerks and freight handlers are divided on the
Canadian section of the Grand Trunk Railroad,
and during recent negotiations for that g row of
employees all three organizations laid claim to
being the proper one to represent them. The result was that the officials of the railroad proposed
that they appoint a joint committee from the
three unions, which was done. It is certainly
some situa*
when the boss has to advise the
workers t o get together, and it is not hard to
imagine tba s tate of chaos that exists among these
wo&ers 017 the Grand Trullk Railroad.
n
Brothers to the 'Boss
By Jay Fox
me to ask: " m y a trade cators, the preachers, politicians and capitalists
league? Ahit our na- deny the existence of classes and denounce as
6onal s choof+$~kmsufficient f or a ll Prac- enemies of society all who point out the self evitical ubion aeedgtmithout you brothers handing dent fad. usure; they say, "there are capitalus o&
&$
nm-apmgled to torture o ur ists and working people, but they are not enemies.
stuff
about"l
They are the mutually dependent producerstired '
is SO much like two branches of one great industrial familyt W had better brothers,
e
fact, with common interests and
irst, he is a vic- asphtions.~ great mass of us believe
~~d the
e most pernicious that bunk in t he face of all the evidence to the
r known. dccond, h e dis- contrary;
we will continue -to believe
so
plague second Only to long as we refuse to "torture our tired brains"
doing a little thinking of our own.. ("Lazy
to
The kdrockrains," I would say, f a r it is quite evident they
b
t there are two classes don" get tired from use).
work for wages are in
If any worker deubts my statement let him
own the jobs constitute the
demarcation is $0 distinct look at the lineup in the coal strike. On one side
most unnecessary to point a re the coal barons, the fellows who' "own"
it out. BGt &ere is where the capitalist propa- the mines (the jobs), the courts trying strikers
effectively with our mental on the charge of treason, the newspapers and
from learning a basic truth, capitalists in general. On the other side, the
miners, supported only by their worker friends.
is absolutely essential,
See how v&@mently the newspapers and edu- Now I didn't make that lineup. It is there by
-
�THE LABOR HERALD
reason of the economic law which "the pillars
of society" say does not exist.
Now it will be asked: since classes do really
exist why are the capitalists and their retainers
so persistent in their denial? The answer to that
question is also self eyident. T he capitalists
know that as soon as it becomes generally known
amongst the workers that classes exist there will
be a lineup in this country that will stir things
to their very foundation. The capitalists a re
shrewd men. They don't let their brains tire
for w aat of use. They know that classes exist,
but they don't want us to know it. It is because they know it that .they always put up such
a solid front when opposing us. A nd i t is because we d m J t know it that we. a re so much
divided amongst ourselves.
Here is where the function of our educational
w ork a mong t rade unions comes in, and there i s
nothing "new-fangled" about it eitherer I t is a
simple explanation of things a s &ey e xkt and
have existed for hundreds of yeais. The b unk
that there are no classes in t his c o t m w i s t he
great American lie. And as soon a s we g rasp
it in sufficient numbers we will lay &e foundstion f or a movement that will f ree u s from t he
octopus of capitalism in whose tentacles every
worker knows he is held.
T he reason why so little p rogress h as been
made by the workers of this country is due to
t he fact that so many of us believe we are oneW ith
hundred percent brothers t o t he boss=.
dominant in "our tired brains"
t hat
w e h ave been led without a halter by the henchmen of capitalism ; we believe t he b d s et before us daily by the newspapers ; we support the
politicians and lawyers who, in t he service of
the capitalists, yearly make more m d more laws
to enslave us ; we turn away from those of our
own dass whose untired brains have seen t he
fight of day t hru t he f akery of t he ''friendS of
labor;" a nd in various other ways we help +he
capitalists to keep u s enthralled, while they g o
merriIy on to the conquest of power.
of t he
N OW suppose w e come t o a
every proposal p ut f orward by the
t ruth
henchmen of capital is IW% f or capital a nd
against labor, t hat society a s it is organized today in all its various r am6cations is
a h uge machine designed and operated for one
spec& purpos-the-enrichment
of the rich at
the eqense of t he- p-. a -pitalist sociew by,
oor;
f or and of the capitalists.
T hat is a broad statement, b ut i t can easily
be proven. Look around you. HOW uch of
m
t he c ountry~swealth, all created by labor, does
labor possess? This counhy wag
nothing
when labor landed here. Today it is worth over
500 billion dollars, (richer than the great British
July, 1922
Empire), and labor, to whom all t hat,uncountable wealth really belongs, is stinting along in
the same old way, striving to make both ends
meet and pay the landlord for the privilege of
living in the houses it built.
How else could it be done, since the mass of
us don't want to "torture our tired brains" by
taking any t hought of our own material interests? The capitalists use their brains, while we
use our hands and y r k under their direction.
W e might as well not have any brains at all.
A m an with a horse makes the animal do all
t he work he is capable of doing and does himself
those things the horse cannot do. The capitalists
have a better graft. They train us workers to
do dl t heir work and give us grub only while
we work. The horse has the best job, his grub
is continuous.
I f there is still more proof wanting that this
is a capitalist-owned society, let US pursue the
subject a bit further. The jobs upon which our
living depends are "owned" by the capitalists,
who have the legal right at any time to cut off
o ur food supply and leave us to starve to death;
a nd we have no recourse in law. W e may die
of h unger and the men who cut off o ur f ood
supply are not held f or murder. T he jobs a re
their private property and the government stands
behind them with its courts and jails and hangmen, i ts mssacks, machine g uns a nd poison gasW e a re compelled by t he necessity of food,
clothing a nd shelter to g o to these capitalists and
meekly ask them f or permission to work at the
industries t hat we have created, paying f or t he
privilege all we produce over and above the scant
wages which t he capitalists have agreed to Pay
US. T hat is the condition of labor in "free Ame r b " a nd i t is t he Purpose of o ur present movement t o change it. W e a re determined t hat labor
shall be free in free America. And it is our opinion that t he burden of liberating labor lies in its
own hanqs and no where else. W e a re convinced
t hat t be ,first article of freedom is the right to
work without the permission of any man. This
means t hat in order to be free, labor must control
t he industries. S uch a consumation can only be
attained 'by t he organization of t he workers of
each industry into industrial unions, such unions
t o be formed by t he amalgamation of t he Present
tra@ unions.
T he Trade Union Educational League of Chicago is
cooperating .with the four Russian Famine Relief orp;anIzation8 whieh are puttina on a joint tag-day
throughout the city on June 26, for the benefit of the
Russian children. The organizations are, The Trade
Union committee, the Friends of Soviet Russia, American Committee for Russian Famine Relief, and
American Relief for Russian Women and Children.
5,000. women
be on the streets coflecting funds.
Volunteers should send in their names.
THE LABOR HERALD
July, 1922
Railroad Workers! To Action!
T
HE railroad workers are faced with the supreme decision-struggle
or slavery. We must fight, or we will be fastened with chains
worse than even those of the past. The Railroad Labor Board,
disregarding the solemn warnings of our unions, and the representatives
of Labor on the Board, have cut right into the very lives of all of us.
They have reduced us to a standard which will make it impossible to
live in the slightest approach to decency. They have taken the clothes
off the backs of our wives and children, and the food from off our
tables. There can be but one answer-STRIKE.
While we prepare with all our energy for the struggle, let us
end, once for all, this horrible travesty of having our representatives
sitting upon the same Board which is the instrument for our destruction. Withdraw the representatives of Labor from the Railroad Labor
Board at once ! Tell Wharton, McMenirnen a nd Philips to resign !
O ur unions must be immediately prepared for the strike. W e
have wasted many precious years, months and weeks, which should have
been used organizing our forces. W e should be prepared to throw one
great united army into this struggle. No crime so great has ever been
committed as that which has kept us railroaders divided among ourselves. Now that we are forced into the fight before we have attained
solidarity, we must bend every energy, every ounce of our strength, to
remedying this evil. Solidarity of the railroaders-this must be our
slogan. When the strike is called, let it be a general strike of every
worker on the railroads !
T he miners are already in the battle, fighting the same enemy
who so cynically forces us into the struggle. Their army of 665,000
have been fighting stubbornly for three months before we must strike.
Our cause is the same as theirs. Our forces should be united. W e
should not allow that they could, by any possibility, be beaten just as
we begin our struggle. Let us join our issue, and win or lose together; our fighting power will be thus increased a hundredfold!
The strike before us is at once our test and our opportunity.
If we measure b p to the fight, we can make it the turning point in the
present disasterous period. We can, joining hands with t he miners,
begin fmally t he struggle which will carry us forward instead of backward as we have been going for two years. We can turn our present
retreat into an advance. W e can become the advance-guard of the
entire army of Labor, which, inspired by our example, will make a
general assault upon the forces of capitalistic reaction.
All together-against
the railroad companies, against the Railroad Labor Board, against the capitalist class and their lickspittle Administration.
STRIKE.
�July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
They M ove an Inch
i
A Story of Four Railroad Conveptians
I
I
By Wm. Z. Fostee
I
I
of Railroad Conductors, the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, and to a lesser extent the Brbtherhood of Railway Clerks, failed badly tb
measure up to the needs of the situation. Blit
they did move forward an inch nevertheless, and
in our stagnant labor movement that is not to
be sneezed at.
Facts About the Organizations
The B. of L. F. & E. opened its convention in
Houston, Texas on May Ist. This was the 2gth
There were pressince its foundation in
ent go5 delegates representing 1 20~0~0embers.
m
Debs was Secretary of this
From 1881 to
At its foundation the uoion fundtioned in wage matters, but after the great, idI
The situation on the railroads, f r m a union starred strike of 1877 it repudiated strike actioh
I point of view, is just about desperate. The cam- and confined itself to serving as a sick and d eaq
1 panies have wiped out the national agreements. benefit society. The enormous upheaval in tht
? They have gutted the eight hour day, and are middle '80's woke it up again and at its 188k
reintroducing piece work-that is where they do convention it readopted the strike policy. The
not farm out the work altogether to dummy con- convention of the B. of R. T., with 760 delegates,
' tractors operating without the pale of t
he Trans- opened in Toronto, May 9th. Approximately
' portation Act-and
company unions are being 180,ooo members were represented. The B. of
set up on various roads. All the organizations R. T., originally known as the Brotherhood of
; have taken cuts in wages, and now the Railroad Railroad Brakemen, was orgatlized in 1883. Like
I Board is going over them the second time., clip- the rest of the Brotherhoods, it encountered so
much opposition in its early stages that it had to
I ping their salaries again. Within the past few
weeks the Maintenance of Way workers* many function merely as a fraternal order. I t b e c d
of whom were cut to as low as 23 cents per hour, a genuine labor organization in 1885. It has asI
, have been reduced to a starvation wage; the six sets to the extent of $ 8 , 0 0 0 , ~ . T he 0. R. C.
, shop crafts have also been slashed another 12% opened its 37th convention in Cleveland the first
l o r so, and the latest are the Clerks, while the week in May. The organization consisting of
Telegraphers, the four Brotherhoods, and the rest 60,000 members, was founded in 1868. Until
are standing around waiting the convenience of 18g0 i t devoted itself to beneficial features; but
; the Board to guillotine them The general con- at that time it changed its constitution so that it
became a trade union. The B. of R. C. etc. held
' sequence is demoralization among the rank and
i file, a demoralization which not even the strike its convention in Dallas, Texas, beginning May
'vote can check. Many thousands have left the 1st. This was the 14th since the founding of
the organization in 1899. There were approxiI organizations, and many more will do so in the
' near future unless a way is found to stop the mately 150,000 workers represented. The Clerks'
union lingered along from the beginning? having
rout.
only a small membership. At the outbreak of the
In such a crisis one would think that our war there were only 6,500 members on its rolls.
leaders would do the necessary and logical thing ; Then it underwent a'tremendous grriwth, reportthat is, call a special convention of all railroad ing 175,000 members in 1931.
' organizations and there weld them together into
Warren S. Stone's Program
a compact body able to repel the assaults of the
I n the following recital of the progressive
companies. But of course nothing like that is
done. The movement is too much Gompersized measures considered by the four conventions the
for such action. The best that they do is to name of Warren S. Stone, Grand Chief of the
develop a mild progressivism. In their conven- Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, constanttions during the past month, the Brotherhood of ly occurs, despite the fact that his was not one
Locomotive Firemen & Enginemen, the Order of the four organizations directly-i~mlved. Thk
I
\
T is a basic law of life that all organisms, socia1 as well as animal, when confronted with
a new environment must either change to
meet the new conditions or perish. That is ex, actly the situation the railroad unions are now
1 u p against. Their environment has changed
\mightily in the last few years. The employers
, have become enormously stronger financially and
better organized; likewise they have taken on
a high degree of class consciousness and are out
to destroy all unionism. Unless the .unions can
meet these new conditions by revamping their
,methods, structure, and social conceptions they
must die. For them it is either eyolution o r ex, tinction. '
I
:
!
t
:
I
8
i
THE LABOR HERALD
13
reason for this was his great activity in connec- have been brought about and the fight stopped
tion with the conventions. He has developed a 20 years ago. Although the Switchmen were
definite railroad program, including closer af- long the most militant craft on the railroads
filiation, working class political action, recogni- their position in resisting the merger was wrong
tion of Russia, co-operation in general and co- and their arguments that brakemen and switchoperative banking in particular, building up of men cannot function in the same organization
the railroad paper? Labor, remodelling the con- were ridiculous. The fight .held the whole railvention system, etc., and he went from conven- road union movement back Moreover great
tion to convention to put it across. Three of harm was done to trade unionism at large by the
them, the Firemen, Conductors, and Trainmen, Switchmen who, taking advantage of their A.
he visited in person, and no doubt his influence F, of L. affiliation, systematically poisoned and
was powerfully felt at the other, the Clerks. And estranged the body of trade unionists from the
when a11 was said and done, nearly everything four brotherhoods.
progressive that was accomplished at the conBut an even more important amalgamation proventiong at least that of moment, was the result ject developed at the Firemen's convention. They
of his campa@.
decided to have their general officers sit in with
Stone is not a radical, quite the reverse. He the general officers of the B. of L. E. to map out
has showed time and again (lately at the Ladies a plan to merge the two engine service organizaGarment ~ ~ r k e r convention) his hatred of tions into one. When completed, the plan will
s'
revoIutisnis%s and thGir policies. Likewise, his be submitted by referendum to the membership
conduct in Lolding his organization aloof from of both unions for ratification. It is almost certhe general industrial struggles of the mass of tain $0 carry. This scheme is pretty much the
railroad workers, thereby gravely injuring the work of Stone. H e went to Hjouston and advised
cause af the workers and aiding that of the com- the Firemen to go through with it. Immediately
panies,shows conclusively that he lacks the larger after he stopped talking the resolution was a d o p
vision. Nwertheless in many minor aspects of ted. In explaining the advantages of the plan
the m o~@lent e has quite a streak of progres- Stone touched on the only real obstacle to amh
sivism. B q i t e his serious shortcomings he algarna$on, namely, the fear by the officials that
stands he& and shoulder above the other leaders ' they may lose their jobs. H e said, "It would
in the railmad k dustry, not only because he has materially reduce the number of field officers,
(while they have none), permit of having but one instead of two salaried
some sort of a ~~,
but also became h has the aggressiveness to Chairmen on each road, and all of that. Some of
put it through. Ckhpared with him the static these salaried Chairmen may be out of a job."
Jewell, President & &e &ilway Employees' De- "But," he declared, "don't legislate for your
partmeat is a m y . I t is safe to say that if general officers, legislate for the rank and file of
s
the B m ~ d o o d f Locomotive Engineers were your Brotherhood and then you will get results.
a H i h d b &e A. F. o l L. Stone would soon put Forget y ow officers."
Sam Gai~pg&& watch.
Political Action
,
Amalgamation
All four organizations declared for the political
e af closer affiliation cropped up program inaugurated at the Chicago conference
The q
all am&& I s this respect the Clerks took the recently- 'I'his Puts nearly all of the unions on
u
lead ; ina,.,-&~d real understanding. They record for that movement, which looks like a
adopt& m r wlution, introduced by Wade Labor Party in the making. Quite evidently the
e
ShurdeE,, , e g f or the amalgamation of a11 railroad workers are tired of being kept political
body, and another re- cip'hers simply because Mr. Gompers refuses to
. T. De Hunt, the one think. I t will be only because of timid leadere Chicago Federation of ship i f, before these lines get into-print, they have
the A. F. of L. proceed t o not marched into the A. F. of L. convention and
s in every industry into a successfully demanded the abolition of the absurd
series of M m5rial organizations.
policy of Labor's "rewarding its friends and
The T h m , besides developing a movement punishing its enemies." Stone made a strong dew
for closer i-e&%o~ ith the conductors, adopted fense of the new political policy before the three
a reso1nticsa.L amalgamate with the Switchmen. conventions at which he spoke.
Should
gp~thi-ot~gh,and there is every prosRecognition o Russia
f
pect it w ill s @wthat the Switchmen's Union is
Another point in Stone's program is the esbroke and mfiWt furnish good paying jobs to tablishment of peace with Russia. In .some manits official do^; it will put an end to one of the ner he has developed a sympathetic attitude tomost disa&tronsinter-union wars in the history wards that embattled country. In the March
of Organized Labor. The amalgamation should number of the Locomotive Eagirzeers' J o~rnul
-
�THE LABORHERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
there appears an editorial, doubtless with Stone's
0. K., in which Gompers is laced as seldom before because of his brutal Russian policy. I n his
scorching article the writer declares that Mr.
Gompers, "Like the gold-braided generals of
France, wants peace, but first he wants his bucket
of Bolshevik blood." He states further that the
well-informed labor leaders, political economists
and statesmen of Europe are agreed that Russia
must be rehabilitated before normal conditions
can be restored in the world. Then he says,
"Opposing them are the bloodthirsty Czarist
generals, the horde of ex-Russian landlords, noaccount counts, ignoble nobles, and other jobless
remnants of autocracy, together with a Russian
propaganda bureau in New York sponsored by
eminent Wall Street bankers and labor haters.
Truly Mr. Gompers has chosen strange bedfellows." Stone made no issue of Russia in his
convention addresses. The Clerks were the only
one of the organizations to take a favorable stand
itl the matter, and they demanded the recognition
of Russia and the establishment of trade relations with her.
Co-operative Banking:
A t the various conventions Stone made propaganda for another one of his measures, namely,
labor banks; but so far as the writer has fearned
at this time, the only organization to respond to
the proposition was the Clerks. They commissioned their officials to go ahead and organize a
bank to be owned and controlled by the union.
Thus added impetus was given the l a h r banking
movement initiated by Stone. Already, in addition to the original B. of L. E. institution, the
following labor banks, are either in speration or
being organized : the Amalgamated Clothing
Workers i Chicago, the Brotherhood Railway
n
Carmen in Kansas City, the Order of Railroad
Telegraphers in St. Louis, and the joint locals
of the four Brotherhood organizations in Minneapolis. The thing is growing too rapidlp. W e
can look for a crash soon, once the well-kuown
genus labor faker begins to take a hand at high
financing.
Building t he Jolurnat "Labor"
One of the striking features of the conventions
was that three of them, the Clerks, Firemen, and
Conductors, subscribed their entire membership
in a body for Labor, the weekly paper owned and
controlled by the 16railroad unions. This meant
an immediate increase in circulation of about
300,000 per week.
Rarely if ever has labor
journalism experienced anything of the like. And
again the hand of Stone is seen at work. The
building up of Labor is one of the planks in his
platform. For a long time the various organizations had backed the paper in a desultory way,
-
issuing all sorts of pressing and even frantic
calls through their respective journals urging the
membership to subscribe for it. But the Locomotive Engineers, which is to say Stone, were
the first to really take the matter seriously. At
their last convention they subscribed the whole
organization for Labor. Stone then took up the
propaganda for it in the ~ rganizations, dvocating
a
it in hib recent convention speeches. I t now
looks as though practically all the railroad unions
will take the paper en masse. Within a year or
two it will probably be one of the widest-read
labor journals in the world. L abor represents
one of the get-together tendencies now agitating
the railroad workers. Unless it falls short of its
true mission it will some day supplant the conglomeration of 16 railroad union journals that are
now in the field. Although now cold and official,
it should finally become the one great paper of
the one all-inclusive industrial union of railroad
workers.
Reorganizing the h v e n t i o n s
Particularly demoralizing to the railroad unions is their system of holding conventions. One
bad feature is the custom of having them in different cities each time. This reduces-the gatherings t o mere junketings and picnic parties. The
habit is for the delegates to spend more time and
interest in sightseeing than in considering organization business. Another bad feature is the
system of allowing one delegate from each local
union, with all expenses paid by the general organization. One effect of this is, in the larger
unions, to make the conventions practically into
mobs of 1000 to 1500 delegates apiece. Real
business is out of the question. And the expense is fabulously high. At their last convention the Firemen spent over $ &o,o~o, and the
Carmen, Conductors, Clerks, and others expended about the same. The result is that conventions become fewer and fewer as the delegations grow larger and the junketing spirit develops. And even when held they are practically
worthless.
For some reason Stone has singled out this
abuse, and during the recent conventions he broke
a few lances against it. At the Firemen's gathering he panned them (also the Conductors) for
their antiquated convention system. H e stated
that the Engineers have reduced their delegation
one-half, likewise their expenses. Besides, they
now hold all their conventions in the home city,
Cleveland. He declares that it took a long fight
to put the thing through in the face of the opposition of the cheap delegates, ever present at
conventions, who battled to get as much out of
the organization as possible for their petty graft.
He said, "We tried to get it through three conventions. We finally got it referred to a refer-
l
I
endurn vote of the membership, and by an 80%
vote they decided in favor of a reduetion of
delegates. This meant the end of having conventions for the purpose of having good times
and junketing trips." The Firemen, with their
convention costing them $52.06 a minute and
due to last a month, saw the point and appointed
a committee to work out a plan along the lines
suggested.
I n addition to holding all the Brotherhood conventions in one town, Stone aims to center their
headquarters in one place also. At present three
of them, the Engineers, Firemen, and Trainmen,
are located in Cleveland. Stone invited the Conductors 40 move in from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, so
that all might get together without much d s culty. But in this he was defeated, the old fogy
Order of Railway Conductors refusing; for sentimental rwsoins, to leave their ancient home.
They prorn$ied however to take up this weighty
matter again in their 1925 convention.
The Old Guard Re-elected
Few changes were made in the various administrations. Fitzgerald of the Clerks was reelected unanimously. Sheppard of the Conductors also gat by without difficulty. Carter of the
Firemen refused to run again, a fact which will
help amalgamation of the two engine service organizatims mightily. H e has become a historian
of his Brotherhood at the full salary he got as
President. Hk sirecessor is D. B. Robertson.
Bill Lee had opps&on in the Trainmen, Val
Fitzpakrick running &gainst hirn. But Lee won
out hmdi1y. T b &e spirits an his branchl of
the s mim who h w l d have been there to fight
him a m SSIF0ut d t he organization ; they quit
during & i4l5gfamed "oAutlaw"strike of two years
S
I
ES
ago. h e TS d e t o take much credit from this
affair,
as &e saviour of the Brotherhood.
i
He de
effort to have the "outlaws"
reinstat*
The railroaders of the country will
k a E a i ! t l with hirn f or another three years
unless
mqected happens.
Note
was the absence of the Plumb
Plan from W wnv6ntions. Though some railroaders c m t i a ~ eto do reverence to tlhis guild
system, it it3 near practically a dead issue. Sam
Gompers
a large share in its killing. Carter
said of f t in the firemen's convention, "The
propaganda that has been spread against it by
the r ailf~a$ka.nipulators and the big financial
interests has' rendered it impossible to establish
its principles
the name "Plumb Plan."
Such, in the main, was the work of the conventions. A li+&le as accomplished, but in view of
m
the prevailing crisis it was pitifully inadequate.
In one summary we have mentioned the work
of Stone o f t a , and his influence was undoubted-
ly great. None of the other big leaders had a
thing to offer. It was the old story of the oneeyed man being F i g in the land of the blind.
But some also felt the influence of our League in
the conventions. In discussing the Clerks' convention the I lli~z~isribulze said, "With a vote
T
that left no misunderstandiilg this convention
went on record in favor of the amalgamation plan
which the Trade Union Education League has
been advocating, and by the same kind of a vote
recognition of Soviet Russia and the establishment of trade relations by this Government were
demanded." Such mild advances as were made
will not sufEce. Nor will the oncoming strike
settle matters, though that must of course be
fought through to victory. The only thing that
can fully meet the needs of the railroad workers
is the realization of the program of the Trade
Union Educational League. First, the entire
army of railroad workers must be fused together
into one body, and then this organization must be
inspired with a revolutionary purpose. Only
when this is done will the railroad workers really
be fitted to h ake progress towards their eventual
goal of emancipation.
1
1
�July, 1922
THE LABOR HERALD
The Revolution in the Office
By Earl R Browder
H
possible of the typical office of our great-grandfathers will seem quite primitive.
The particular stimulus which caused the
writer to dig up this description of Tellson's
Bar& office came when, recently, he had occasion
to drop into the counting room of a large modern
bank. There, in a large, well lighted room, were
30 or 40 machines, with electric motors, going
at top speed, filling the room with burr, click,
and hum, and the atmosphere of a small factory.
Attending each machine was a young man, model
of sartorial art, engaged with intense concentration in summing up the day's business of
many millions of dollars. Here was a battery of
adding machines, totaling the transactions of the
various departments ;there was an array of bookkeeping machines, swiftly and mechanically
segregating the items and posting them to inThe Office of Yesterday and Today
dividual ledger accounts.
Passing into a private office, one waited while
very dark, very ugly, very
6'1~
was very
the cashier completed a letter which he was
~ c o m m o ~ ~ o u s the partners in the H~~~~
No 'IWde
were proud of its smallness, proud of its dark- registering on a
her present to interfere with the privacy
ness, proud of its smallness, proud of its incowmdiousness. They were even boastful of its of the interview. Yes, there was a
particulars, and were f i r e , by elsewhere in the office, if wanted, as one could
minencein
an express conviction that, if it were less ob- tell from the sight of a Stenotype Machine at
another desk. Just outside the office door, was
jectionable, it would be less respectable . .
a Spruce young lad, feeding letters into a machine,
"Thus it had come to pass, that Tellson's was
and sta*ed
in
the triumphant perfection of inconvenience. After which turned them Out
bursting open a door of idiotic o bsthcy with a a jiffy- The paper which I was carrying needed
w,=& rattle in its throat, you fell into Tellson's the signature of a man in another p art of t he
hwn steps, and came to your senses in a building; but no boy was called to send it. It
two
miserable little shop, with two little counters, , Was dropped into a pneumatic tube, and with a
whirr and click was back in a moment with the
check
where the oldest of men made
necessary endorsement. The people in the office
as if the wind rustled it, while they examined
sipature by
dingiest of
which moved with a jerky, mechanical f recision, and
were always lsnder a show-bath of mud from went through standardized motions as if they
the &pier by were used to doing the same thing over and over
neettreet, and
s
wwe
their own iron bars p r o p r and the heavy shadow again, thousands of times a day. The whole
of Temple Bar. If your business necessitated effect of the place was that of a cross between
a modern machine shop and a sterilized, disinyour seeing "the House," you were put into a
fected hospital or toilet room.
species of Condemned H d d at the Ira&, w bm
Quite
you meditated on a lnisspeflt Pfo, m~ the ~~i~~an extreme contrast with Tellson's Bank!
offices
are not like
just as
came with its b n d s in its pockets, and you could
all offices in 1780 were not like Tellson's. But
hardly blink a t it in the dismal twilight."
An obvious caric&ture,you say. Granted. We both are typical of their times, and the contrast
do not need to insist upan the
of tells the story of a revolution of methods of inDickens. A caricature is an a aggetgtbn5 but dustry .as a
T he Office W o r k s
no one, so far as I know, has accused D i b s of
creating something which did not exist at all.
What of the human stuff whjch lives its life
Recalling that the quill still flourished in those in these contrasted environments? Has it changed
not so far-off days, and that the steel pen was as these outward farms have done?
still to come into use, and the. brightest picture
The office worker of 1780, according to DickUMAN life is a changing thing. Among
the many changes of the past hundred years
or so, none has been more compete than
that of offices, and office work. Machinery, the
great transformer, has been busy in the office,
to a- degree almost, if not quite, than it has been
at work in the shops. Social and political life
has been made over into something quite new,
so far as outward forms are concerned, and the
life of the office workers has kept pace.
How great the change has been is hard to
realize. But we get some small idea of it, if we
go to our bookshelf (or to that of a friend, as
the writer had to do), and dig up one of the old
favorite books, to read again the description of
an office in the year 1780. I have picked up a
book by Charles Dickens, and read of the office
of Tellson's Bank, by Temple Bar, London,
..
.
ae
en's sample at Tellson's, was a miserable being.
"Cramped in all kinds of dim cupboards and
hutches at Tellson's, the oldest of -men carried
on the business gravely. When they took a
young man into Tellson's London house they hid
him somewhere till he was old. They kept him
in a dark place, like a cheese until he had the
full Tellson flavor and blue-mould upon him.
Then only was he permitted to be seen, spectacularly poring over large books, and casting his
breeches rand gaiters into the general weight of
the establishment."
The ripe-cheese aspect of the Tellson book' keeper it+,of course, sufficiently in contrast with
the PZ*~
snappy, flashy, peppy office clerk.
Change, & age, no doubt, has writ heavy on
this sczcdl. But Dickens gave us no light upon
the soul beneath the heavy exterior of Tellson's
creatures. W e have to turn to another bookkeeper ia Pickensland, to see, touch,, and taste
of & &&I
spirit of the office-worker, the
UZI-~
and undying soul of the bookkeeper.
T he na&e of this immortal office clerk, this epitome of the book-keeper through the ages, is
Uriah Heep,
"MG Master Copperfield?" said Uriah. "Oh,
no ! I'm a very umble person."
'It was no fancy of mine about his hands, I
observed; fox he frequently ground the palms
against each ,other, a s if to squeeze them dry and
warm, besides of%= wiping them, in a stealthy
way, on his p ocketbdkerchief.'
"I am well a w e ;&at I am the umblest person
going: said Ud& R eep modestly ; "let the other
be where he m y . My mother is likewise a very
umble per~o6. W e live in an umble abode,
Ma@ G ~~iperfidd, have much to be thankbut
ful fm. U father's former calling was umble.
y
He wqs a m&on.'*
At I ~ w are on solid ground ! @re i s somee
thing ~&&ke, mchanging like the rock of ages.
Uriah Bhzp is not dead; he is immortal. H e
can be mesa in any city, in almost any office, still
urnble, & @- Phankful. Sometimes, indeed, he
takes t b j b m a ~ f the other sex, and is called
o
Pollyam% B e i s ever present and everlasting.
He is & &
' a worker.
Far l &,~&.fsa writer to slander those unthe
f ortunam w h m e condemned to spend their lives
f
in an oi3i&g K m ~ d spetlt many, the best, years
manhood there. H e knew
of you& W yomany .
i n fhe same unholy calling who,
in&
were strangers there, seeking allike hr&ways f w a way Gut tanything. He speaks
not of t h awklmtal o&e worker, the one who,
~
f
from for& J ~ircumstance, inds himself trapped
there for a time- No, l ~ speaks 6f the type, the
e
natural o fke qorker, the one who, from choice
'
I7
THE LABOR HERALD
and fitness, finds a career in this unblest sphere.
.
Such a person is Uriah Heep, immortal.
-
Even Uriah H e w Chansres Todav
Immortal, we said. But such a term is not
strictly true. The revolution in the office has
been working its alchemy. In spite of Uriah,
and in spite of Uriah's boss (who is another
story, deserving separate treatment), the m chine
is marching forward with iron feet: slowly but
surely its transforming power enters, and the
radium of its energy plays upon the soul of Uriah
Hkep, the office clerk. Under this influence,
Uriah is gradually but certainly being remade.
He is b ecomin~ real human beinc. a role tara
"
,
ian. T his is hzw it is beina done:
T he change in the office which has wrought
the greatest transformation in the worker, has
been higher organization and greater numbers.
The old bookkeeper was almost a self-sufficient
working unit. This is no longer so. The modern
worker is a cog in the office machine. The office
cannot run until each man is a t his place, for
one depends from moment to moment upon the
other. The division of labor in a modern office
rivals that in a Ford auto factory. Every hour
of work impresses upon the young man today,
that he amounts to little at all except as part of
the great machine. Together with this, goes the
growth h numbers. The general office man,
handling the entire accounting process and general corresponce, is of little account. His numbers are small, and his influence is smaller. No
one pays any attention to him. T he field is dominated by highly organized, minutely divided,
officesof trustified industry, gathering from tens
to hundreds under the same roof in the same
integral organization.
With this new condition, office workers play
a more and more important e conodc role. The
office has become a nerve center, regulating $he
every action of the industrial machinery from
moment to moment. Always a strategic point,
it now becomes as vital to business as the solar
plexus is to the body. The entire reflex action,
the normal physiological processes of the body
of industry, are stimulated and regulated by the
office. More than any other phase of the industrial process, the office is vital. Cut off the office
and the industry withers and dies. A general
strike of office workers would create more consternation in a day than a strike of the miners
for three months.
Under these modern conditions of the machinemade office, the office worker has became a proletarian, so far as social position and interests are
concerned. But his soul, the soul of Uriah Heep,
has stubbornly resisted the forces of change, and
only in this generation can we see the beginnings
A
w
�THE LABOR HERALD-
July, 1923
of a change therein. A working-class understanding and spirit, is gradually being created
by the continuous and steady play of these modern conditions upon the humble office worker of
tradition.
revolutionary in Germany. Throughout Europe
they are joining the vanguard of the workers.
The primeval slime of the Uriah Heeps is beginning to stir with t he spark of life of workingclass consciousness, weak as yet but gaining
s trength with every passing hour. Between the
The Dawn Of Social Revolution
office clerk of the time of Dickens, and the same
If asked to name the most revolutionarv Dor- person today, there is all the difference between
t ent in social life today, the writer would point the a m e b a a nd the pithecanthropous, o r apeto the fact that office workers are beginning to man. And such a marvelous evolution, in such
a short time, gives us the definite assurance that
organize into unions-into labor unions affiliated this spiritual "hairy apeJ' of the modern office
to the hod carriers, the garment workers, the worker is assuredly going to continue his progprinters, and the whole world of labor. The be- ress. H e is going to go onward and upward,
ginning is pitifully small in America, it is true, proceeding firmly up the ladder of evolution,
but progress is surely being made. Out of the until he blossoms forth as a real human being,
couple of million or so of commercial office a proletarian, a union man with a solid organizaworkers, there are at least 5,000 to 8,000 organ- tion of his own.
ized, and tens of thousands of railway clerks
All hail this budding marvel of progress ! Nlaare united in the same union with the freight t ure is grand indeed! O n that fair day when
handlers. Who can overestimate the vast chasm we welcome the class-conscious, revolutionary
bridged, the t rewndous leap in social evolution, International Union of Office Workers, affiliated
that is witnessed in this fact. I n Europe prog- to the R ed'Trade Union International, voting for
ress is even more rapid. Great unions of office a general strike of all capitalist industry and the
workers exist in Germany, Czhecho-Slovakia, setting up of the Workers' Republic, then we
Italy, England, and other countries. The Berlin will say, "The task is done. Old Mother Nature,
office workers organization is one of the most You can do no more."
<
A
THE MACHINIST GRAND LODGE
Lawrence, Mass. . . . . 172
ELECTION
Laconia, N. Hl. .. . . . 1326
HE final vote in the late Machinist Union Haverhill, Mass. . . .. 1208
T
election was :
W M. H. J OKNSON. . . .. 41,837
W M. ROSS KNUDSON..14,598
T his was the first attempt in any A. F. of L.
union to test the real revolutionary strength.
Knudsen solicited and received only the votes
of those standing on the class struggle, unconditional surrender of Capitalism arid Affiliation
with the Red Trades Union International.
K nudsenJs vote was 26% of the total and as
the total vote was about one third of the m a bership it is safe to say that 45,000 members in
the I. A. of M. stand with K nudsen.and his
ideas.
In fact the strength is even greater if one
analyzes the election. The total vote cast in the
progressive lodges was zbout 15% t o zo% of
the local membership while in the conservative
locals (for some well founded reasons) the vote
was from 75% to 100% of the membership. I n
fact 23 lodges voted from 150% t o 260% over
their membership a nd this being too raw their
vote was thrown out. To give an illustration :
Lodge No. members Ballots
Findlay, Ohio . . . . . . I393
4
104
Woburn, Mass . . . . . 1243
3
61
Jamestown, N . Y.. . 566
12
97
I6
64
I53
38
Cincinnati, Ohio. . . . 1042
168
H artford, Conn. . . . . 606
50
Lowell, Mass.. . . . . . 745
81
S tamford, Conn. . .. . I054
81
Philadelphia, P a . . . . 816
55
67
Indianapolis, Ind. . . . gro
140
I55
Schenectady, N. Y . .. 646
215
277
Lowell, Mass.. . . . . . 138
284
454
O thers could be given but they must be saved
for evidence. Knudsen, of course received' no
vote in these lodges and someone's hard work
went for nothing.
In fact, jokingly, after the election many were
bragging about their sore wrists due to an over
exertion in marking ballots. What many are
asking a nd which seems a puzzle, is how did the
lodges with small membership get so many ballots? And furthermore how are those tJxit did
cast their vote in regular form in these thrown
out lodges going to have their votes recorded?
But tomorrow belongs to those that really represent the histhric rising class and with their
rise all these mishaps of today will disappear.
Tomorrow belongs to the real progressives and
such action as took place in the recent Machinist
Union election will only cause real men to work
that much harder for a real Labor Movenient.
.
27
27
29
35
46
69
I
*
July, 1922
T H E LABOR HERALD
19
A Labor Program That Means Something
4
B y Hulet M. Wells
Representative o f the Seattle Central Labor Council to the Red Trade Union International.
O R American trade unionists to correctly ap- less to counteract. The end of the war brought
praise the work of the Red Trade Union unemployment in some countries where there had
International in its first World Congress at been a great destruction of capital goods, but-in
Moscow, it is necessary to remember that the the United States it prevails for quite a different
atmosphere in which we met was quite different reason, labor being so productive that, at the
from here. I n our country we are immersed in scale of living permitted to the working class,
the humdrum details of our daily struggle, until the product of full time labor can not be conthe greater struggles of the whole human family isumed.
T he greatest prosperity that our workers ever
toward a larger, freer life is oftentimes obscured.
In Russia the goal of a great struggle has been enjoyed was during the period of our greatest
reached; the working class has accomplished waste. Unemployment is a disease inherent in
the capitalist system, and it can only be dealt
that which the faint-hearted say is impossiblethey have t k o w n off the chains of class oppres- with by a labor movement that is not afraid to
sion within Russia, and their destiny is in their attack the svstem itself.
There can be no sane consideration of the
own hands.
We found, tempering the exultation of victory, unemployment evil until we lay bare its root and
the agony of the Russian workers, endurind with discover it to be the fact that all production is
fortitude all the sufferings that the hate of the carried on solely for the purpose of &aking profit,
capitalist world could inflict. Many of the dele- and with no responsibfiity on the part of the
gates were from other coutries where the condi- profit takers for the lives of those that create the
tions were ripening for revolution. No one knew wealth. Heckert, of Germany touched this point
what the day might bring. Seeming miracles oc- when he said, "From the moment when the capicurred, like the veiled women of the East, who talist ceases to extract profits and begins to incame bearing International greetings. There were cur losses, he loses all interest in production.
crowds, cheers, and banners, and wreaths laid on W e are witnessing it in France, where a big
graves. And over all there loomed a new terror French statesman a n d manufacturer was asked
why he had put out his blast furnaces and thrown
-the black shadow of famine.
An emotional setting was created by all these thousands of workmen into the streets. H e anthings, which, I realize the reader cannot feel. I t swered: "I produce only while production is
was a memorable experience for those who lived profitable, otherwise I a m unable to produce any
it, but here in America it is hard to realize, be- more.' "
I n its manifesto on world conditions the Concause there is nothing like it in our life. What
can be understood is, that we must look beneath gress drew the following picture of the economic
the colorful environment and revolutionary situation in America :
"A very similar picture we find in the U. S. A.
phraseology to get at the real work of the ConFive million unemployed. War profits have
gress.
ceased. Factory after factory is being shut
Unemployment
Some of the subject matter and considerable down. The workers in large masses now find
06 t he discussion has no application to the pres- themselves thrown out in the street. They may
ent status of the labor movement here, and it go now; they are not wanted any longer. The
would sound startling and confusing to many trunks are packed. 'Democracy' is celebrating
because it concerns only people who are engaged its victory, and is beginning to introduce the
in the actual, revolutionary transition from one "open shop," simply employing unorganized
state of society to another. But the main work labor. What are they doing who were supposed
of the Congress embodies a sound, adequate, to give warning of this misery inflicted on the
coherent, practical program which the trade union working class? The leaders of the trade unions
movement of America must understand and do nothing. They consider it inevitable like the
adopt, if it is going to find itself and continue ocean tide, and, like obedient serfs they kiss the
to serve t 6e working people of this country.
hands of their masters."
Workers' Control
Unemployment is the weakest spot in the capiW hat. then is to be done? This is considered
talist system. I t is a great, growing canker that
the old methods of trades unionism are power- in the tactics outlined under the heading of
F
�THE LABOR HERALD
a0
"Workers" Control." But the first thing of all
things to be done-the essential prerequisite to
the success of any tactic-is to begin t o act like
men, like men who have a small degree, at least,
of courage and intelligence. And here I wish
to quote again the apt words of the Congress:
"If the capitalist class dares to be aggressive
at t he present time and throw m b s of workers upon the streets, it is because the working
class feels itself inferior, and imagines t hat the
gigantic capitalistic machinery is simply unconquerable. You continue to look up to the capitalist class. Mariy of you consider the established
division of labor quite natural-the' rule of one
class and the subjection of another. Arise from
your knees, and the capitalist class will not appear so strong to you as before."
The subject of Workers' Control was reported
to the Congress by Tziperovich of Russia, but
the idea ran thru every subject osl t he agenda,
d
and may be said to be the k eyn~te the Congress. Especially is it related &Q &e subject of
unemployment. Heclrert, in his discussion of
factories and workshops said, "Comsade Zipero v i h and myself have put great stress
the
importance of the present unemploymezlt in the
working class movement. I t is important for
us to utilize these forces."
The following are a few extracts fxom the
report of Ziperovich, adopted by the Congress:
"There is no necessity for me to dw&? upon
the details of the crjsis which all c a p i t a v m untries are now living thru. T he crisis b 84f ost
m
characteristic expression of the fact t hzt the
capitalist class is unable to master the chaos in
production, which it itself established as an orThere developed
ganizer of production . .
a crying contrast between the misery and despair
of t he eapiof the working class and t be 1-q
talist class. This gave birth to a new thought
which suggested to the working masses that t he
capitalist regime is a regime of d e s t m i o n and
wholesale ruin, and that it is necessary t o create
some new f c ~ m sof mutual relations between
labor and capital-forms which w odd do away
once and for all with the existing sy.stem of oppression-and the idea of workers' control has
rapidly developed."
Now, it may be that you .Sinkthat these words
have reference to some time in the remote future,
and that it is merely a repetition of the usual
demand for social revolution couched in t he formula of political socialism. Not a t all. I am
proposing and the International is proposing, a
practical plan of action for the trade unions
now, a plan to cope with unemployment, lock-
.
July,
1922
outs, jurisdictional disputes, and t he breakdown
of your or&nization due to the struggle for jobs,
It is not expected t hat in the present time in
America we should mount any barricades or forcibly seize .any factories. The first revolutionary
step must be taken is to.strike f or the right t o
work.
Wlhat i s the situation in which we are placed
in America at the present time? . The richest
natural resources in the world, the most highly
developed machinery for production, and millions
of people in destitution because they are shut off
from the opportunity to work. We have also
the most powerful and arrogant capitaIist class
in the world, and a labor movement weak and
inefficient because it does not know how to meet
the situation. The leaders of the Red Trade
Union International are telling you how to meet
it. I commend you the words of Tom Mann:
" Eveg industry should carry its full complement of workers, and carry them constantly. If,
as is sure to be the case, 'there are fluctuations
in the amount of work to be done, such fluctuations must not be met by discharging a percentage of the workers, thus depriving them of the
means pf sustenance and precipitating their
families into social distress. Such fluctuations
must be met by the adjustment of working hours
over as much of the industry as may be desirable ;
if need be, of course, over the whole industrial
field."
Unemployment insurance, he says, is ' biserably inadequate, the full wage is what m t be
s
demanded, and it will be obtained, or a hlish the
wages system." And here is his primary c4emand
which, in my opinion, ought to be written into
the strike demands of every important industry,
'Accept responsibility for all uaem&!~ymenb
in the i nd~stry, d undertake to
m
'~ke'sg
hours so t b t virtually there shall ba m www
a
ployment; and f or ad1 men to receive @ages for
every-week i n the yew."
That is what the miners, the building t%%desmen,
the printers and all the rest of u s oag& t o agitate, organize and strike for, wages tor the h e
being a secondary matter. The h t .
@EP in
workers' control is contra1 of the pi& & work.
I
The. employing class will, of course, &wort t o
any artifice in order to save their p-.
But
capitalistic profits are not as sacred3 &e right
of men t o work. Industries that c mpot meet
that obligation should be taken over br society
a s bankrupt institutions. The o m e s dhould re- ,
eeive no compensation until the c h h ~f the
o
creditors are adjusted; in other wad no more
than the capitalization of 'whatever h o m e may
remain, at prevailing prices for p rohcts, after
July,
1922
THE LABOR HERALD
A LL the workers are paid union wages for full
time.
Industrial and Dual Unions
T he report on workers' control closed with the
following reference to industrial unionism :
"Workers' Cpntrol may also be made use of as
an argument for the speedier reconstruction of
the unions upon an industrial basis, instead of
by profession or trade. Workers' control can
be systematically carried out only when all the
workmen within a definite concern are united in
one bady."
Indus@ial unionism will also end the absurd
jurisdictimal disputes that disgrace our. movement. . Primarily, of course, such quarrels as
those hetween the carpenters and sheet metal
workers and. between the steam engineers and
electrical workers have their root in unemployment. It is one more evidence of the struggle
for a chance to work.
The importance of building strong industrial
unions to conform t o the powerful combinations
~f capital in modern industry, has long been emphasized by the radical wing of American labor ;
but for twenty-seven years a most peculiar policy
h is been advocated, that we should completely
destrtoy our unions, into which we have with such
effort o rgarbed some .millions of workers, and
start to build again from the beginning.
Nearly all the Russian leaders, Lenin, Buch-
.21
arin, Zinoviev, Radek, and many others have
expressed their amazement at such childish tactics as those advocated by the I: W. W.. Tomsky, the former president of the Russian &ions
has said, "The exit in itself is in its essence
equivalent to flight from the field of battle,
dictated by cowardice in the face of the complexities and difliculties of the struggle."
Secretary Lozovsky, speaking at the Congress,
said, "We want to clean house, not to pour
kerosene over it and set it afire." Writing on
the aims of the International he says: "To leave
the unions and set tip small independent unions
is an evidence of weakness ;i t is a policy of despair and, more than that, it shows lack of faith
in the working class."
T he four points covered here are closely related, and form an immediate trades union program so essentitl that I beg to remind you of
them once more by summarizing them in four
short sentences :
I. T he trade union movement is becoming im. potent under the curse of unemployment.
2 A progressive assumption of Workers' Con.
trol is the only remedy.
3. Successful assertion of Workers' Control requires industrial unions.
4. Those who believe in this program must stay
within the existing unions to accomplish it.
W e Demanded Bread But Got a Stone
T
HE p r o g r q of the Trade Union Educa- ing its substance, which can be achieved only at
tional Leagtlc h ~'been getting a startlingly the expense of craft autonomy, will not solve thq
s
strong hold in the unions, in the last few
months. Gompers and his Crown Prince Woll,
c a n n ~ t e blamed for being worried somewhat.
b
Their m p *
of calumny which was reported
~
c
in the last t m issues of THELABORR A L Dontinues unabztkxl. But even their stupidity is not
so complete that they cannot see its failure.
Gradaally t h w a re being forced to answer the
demands for 'more solidarity. The rank and file
are demanding the bread of amalgamation ;
Gompers, Woll & Co. offer them the stone of
federation.
"Efforts of the A. F. of L. f or the future will
be to strengthen labor alliances and form a closer
co-ordimtion of kindred trade ' groups," says
Woll in a copyrighted article for the Cosmopolitan News Service. He adds; "The sentiment
,of this c onveeiag of the A. F of L. is most em.
phatically 6 pased t o amalgamation and the doctrines pre~elaedby Foster and other groups."
Such l i~-serviceo labor solidarity while denyt
problems of the labor movement. Gompers and
Co. are in the position of answering, not the
questions of THELABOR ERALD, ut the quesH
b
tions which history presents and which are repeated in threatening tones by masses of the
workers. Sophistry will not help them.
How can the unions get more power? That is
the question before the movement. Our troubles
arise from our weakness. We must have strength.
Gompers says we will get it by being good little
boys, and not offending the Chicago Tribune;
THELABOR HEBALD the Trade Union Eduand
cational League say that we will get it by uniting
all our scattered forces into one union for each
industry, and bringing all these industrial unions
together like regiments in an army. The forces
of capitalism are crushing the workers into a
realization of the absolute necessity of this amalgamation. Nothing can take the place of pow-
3J
@,in
P;
�22
THE LABOR HERALD
e r, not even the sophistical arguments of Gompers or Woll.
The fire which has been built under the reactionary officials is causing further frantic gymnastics in their propaganda. A few weeks a go,
THE ABOR ERALD said to be in league with
L
H
was
Lenine and the Soviets; then it was solemnly
insinuated that the employers were financing it.
And now, to keep up the entertainment, the
Crown Prince brings in a variation. H e says:
"It is a recognized fact that Foster is a member
of the Amalgamated Clothing Workers' Union
of America and apparently is being financed by
that body in his campaign of "boring from within" for no other reason than the self-aggrandizement of Sidney Hillman."
Aside from the fact that Foster is NOT a
member of that organization, that the League is
NOT being financed by that or any other body,
but by the individual rank and filers, and that the
modest Sidney Hillman, although president of
one of the most progressixe organizations on the
continent, is NOT receiving aggrandizement
from its work-aside from these falsehoods, the
statement may be correct.
I t is the natural instinct of the reactionary to
thus blindly attack all signs of progress. Woll
lumps t he League, the Amalgamamted Clothing
Workers, the Soviet Government, the Federated
Press, and every other achievement of &e milit ant workers, into one general menace te himself
and his kind, the f lunkvs of cagitali*,
A,nd
in t his he is no doubt correct-but he rpakes a
fundamental mistake when he i d e n a s t he interests of reactionary officialdom with t hai of t he
rank and file of labor. The rank and filers know
better, anyway. T his i s illustrated by a letter
written by Local Union No. gg, of the Molders,
to the Editor of their International Tournal:
A Word From the Rmk and File
"Local 59, 1. M . U. of N. A., having read the
article by Matthew Woll, in the J o ~ r d entitled
,
'Foster Scheme for Rulership' etc., desires to enter a protest against such an unwarranted and
scurvy attack on the amalgamati& movement by
resorting to lies and v<lification against its chief
spokesman."
"We have endorsed the movement f or amalgamatio in t his country, because we have learned
by bitter experience that the old craft method of
warfare against the modern industrial capitalist
is antiquated."
"In his entire article, Matthew Woll makes no
attempt to answer the arguments of k l g a m a tion advocates; but instead resorts to personalities, which have nothing to do with the subject.
We might accuse Woll, in like manner, of being
July,
1922
governed by ulterior motives in this matter. Wtf:
might accuse him of belonging to that detestable
sect known as "Swivel Chair Artists" who are
so numerous in the American labor movement
today, and who tremble with rage because they
know their pie-cards will be no more when the
workers amalgamate. W e might accuse him of
being in league with big business to keep the
workers divided. Of course we don't accuse him
of these things personally-but those are the very
tactics he uses against the amalgamation movement adherents."
"Now we are of the rank and file of the labor
movement a nd we know that the workers want
amalgamation : i t is peculiar that the International officers of all the unions, almost without exception, are oposed to it. They have never yet
given any logical reason as to why they are
against it, while the Trade Union Educational
League gives a long array of facts and reasoning
as to why it should be done. THE LABOR
.HEBALD,
of which Woll speaks in such venomous
language, expresses the spirit of the workersthis we know-that is why it is so popular."
This letter is signed by the president and corresponding secretary of Local 59, Chas Blome
and Louis Schneider, respectively. It is a good
example of the spirit .5vhich is raging throughout
the labor movement, and which is responsible for
the rage, fear, and desperation, with which these
powerful officials are throwing their entire resources inta battle with the little baby organization, the Trade Union Educational League, which
has only been able for a little over four months
to even publish its magazine.
Keel,
the Reactionaries
Hopping
I f any assurance were needed that the program
of the T rade Union Educational League offers
hope of t he future, that assurance has been given
in t he strongest possible way by all thme attacks.
When the bankrupt leadership of the American
labor movement, in a period of retreat and demoralization, go before their C o n ~ m t i o nwith
no constructive proposals of any kind whatever,
and consider it necessary to spend their time and
energy in denouncing a little educational organization, it is because they know their o wn bankruptcy and know who is hitting close to home in
attacking them. And we can give assurance to
Messrs Gompers and 'his Crown Princeg t hat the
fire which make's them so uncomfortable will continue to bum. The demand f or amalgamation,
for industrial unionism, for militant policies, and
for the Workers' Republic, will continule to grow
until it overwhelms them and their kind, takes
control of the labor movement, and begins the
workers' forward march to all power.
T H E LABOR HERALD
How I Became a Rebel
A Symposium. Part 2
Editors' note;-A fundamental part o f the Xenera1 revolutionary pro.eram i s to make rebels;
to develop m en and w omen w ho have definite2y
broken w ith capitalism and w ho are looking forw ard t o the establishment of a Workers' S ociety.
But how can such r ebek be w d e ? T o throw
some Iiglzt on t h k a ll-im@rtmt query, T EE
LABOR ERALDa asked prominent figures i n
H
h
d l branches of the. r d i c d m ovement, t o e xpjaia
b riefly just how, why, and under w hat circumstances, they became convinced that capitalism
hod t o be
' way w ~ Thk inrtallnrent
.
completes the S y n p o s i u a
I saw an old man weeping as he was put in the
little town lock-up at Adams, Mass., for vagrancy.
W hat a torment of questions stirred my mind
t hen! Nor will I ever forget my childish horror
when a girl's hair was torn off by the belting in
a mill across the street from our school and the
mill stopped for only a few m,inutes. Imperceptibly my t hought processes began to question
p overty which was obviously the explanatioll of
these tragedies-
My f ather had worked his way througll college, studying civil engineering. B ut he had
been burdened by his mother's large family and
had commenced i ate. a real h andica~i n comDetition with younger'men. The r eskt was that
B y Elizabeth Gurley Flynn
although he is exceptionally talented, it was not
f I S difficult to say how, when or where our easy to secure continuous employment and the
rebellious spirits were born ! Possibly we are actual pinch of poverty was brought home to us
but fortunate inheritors of a rich legacy. more than once. This visualized the problem
Undoubtedly countless generations of wild Irish as no amount of abstract reading could have done.
ancestors who fought and fled into the hills and
So I was in a receptive state of mind for
died for Irish freedom, contributed much to mine. radical thought when I joined a school debating
One great grandfather lay all night in the ditch society. W e grappled with the problem of capinear his little house,
tal and labor, ,woman suffrage, the trusts, etc.
watching for a light in
During the big anthracite strike of 1902 one of
the window which meant
our favorite topics was "Shall the Nation Own
his wife came safely
the Coal Mines?" A strike of the elevated roads
through childbirth. Anin N. Y. brought the questions of municipal
other went to join the
ownership of transit systems before us. I began
French when they landed
to see that message of hope, that comes to all
at Calala Bay and never
of us, "Socialization of industry."
returned. My grandfather came to Maine to
I heard Tom Lewis at a Socialist street meetescape' hanging.
But
ing, and many other excellent speakers at the
life in t he land of the
old Harlem Socialist Club. Sometimes when I
free was not easy in
g et low-spirited about the value of speeches, I
recall how inspired and thrilled I was by them.
They were foreigners to the Yankees and had Finally I thought I too could speak. I was not
to fight their way to economic and political yet sixteen and I chose the ambitious topic
equality. It is strange that the same historical "Woman and Socialism." While I still am inbackground has not produced more rebels of tensely interested in how to reach women, I fear
Irish blood in this country ! Many of the second I know far less today than I did then. I went
a nd third generation are policemen and poli- into the East Side. I m et the garment workers,
ticians, causing a race that should symbolize then in the throes of great struggles and learned
freedom to be hated and feared as tools of tyran- of the idealism and fighting spirit of the Russians
ny. But America seems to have a similar dis- and Jews. I plunged into street speaking and
integrating effect on the second generation of loved it intensely.
I was "converting the
other races, as well.
masses!" H bw t he fresh idealism and enthusSympathy plays a large part in molding the iasm of youth carries us along. But it is a
child mind. I remember little episodes which stream that refreshes and revivifies our moveleft indelible impressions. A woman who had ment. Intolerant and uncompromising, it is relost all the fingers of one hand in an unguarded buffed a nd chilled, by older "practical" people!
machine went by our house daily. I could not The creation of a sympathetic understanding and
understandl why this poor woman must still work. appreciation of those who must tread this stormy
I
�24
i
THE LABOR HERALD
fight an evil or defend the under dog.
This may answer the question as to how I became a rebel or perhaps I should say why Mother's four sons turned rebels before any of them
turned twenty-one.
I t was not from what I read, because I was
active in radical circles long before I could read.
I t came from what I lived.
Before I was eighteen years of age, I joined
hands with the "Green-Backers," a t twenty, 1
read, "Progress and Poverty" and, became a
"Single-Taxer."
Later I joined the "Populists
Party" but, through it all remained active in the
Organized Labor Movement ; studying and reading, of course, added fuel to the fire. I n my
search for good pamphlets and books, I came
across the "Communist Manifesto." This, of
course, helped weld still more closely my inherent
rebel spirit. Twenty-four years ago, I joined
the Socialist Labor Party and, four years later,
the Socialist Party where I have remained ever
since;
So, the question as to just how I became a rebel
is still unanswered. I guess dear, little Mother
could have answered the question better than I.
B y Wm. 2 F
. oster
O R me to become a rebel was an easy, natural course. My father was an Irishman and an
ardent patriot. He was driven from Ireland
in the latter '60's, because he was implicated in
a plot to overthrow all the English garrisons in
the country. Upon its exposure he had to flee
post haste to escape jail. In later years, as his
B y James H Marrrer
.
family grew up in the
AM asked to tell how I became a s
&
This,
United States, he fed us
I fear, is not any easy question to answer.
on hatred for the oppressor Eng1md.- Tt was
I am decendant of old, c onsemtive P n en
the intellectud m at and
sylvania stock, was born in a sh.itnty d uring t he
drink of our
lives.
stormiest period of the Civil War, reared a tqng
I was raised ~ $ 4 the
very poor and superstitious people, left fgtherkss
. burning amhiti- of one
a t the age of seven. I became a news boy first and
a factory worker before d y tenth birthday. I
day taking a a ~ ~ po e
art
was a machinists' apprentice a t fifteen a d a
in the liberati@' of Iremember of the Knights of Labor at sixteen. Less
land. As I @eW older
and began to m d @ ? what
than thirteen months of my life were spent in
school. What education I did secwe, I gat, not
was going a W me 1
t
Wr. . FOsT*
'
on acocunt of the State, but in spite of it.
was q u i d to
everything was not as it should bk. Tb? F rongs
Handicapped, of course, on account of being
illiterate, yet a greater handicap was the misfor- of the workers made a ready appeal % me. It
tune of having a step-father who knew less than seemed as natural to hate capitalistic * m y in
&eland.
I did and who never tired of gloating about his' t he United States as English Tyranny i
superior wisdom. The one outstanding asset of From my earliest recollection I w& N t a n t l y
was I
my life was my dear, little mother, to whom not ' partial to striking workers. Parti*$@
impressed by the many strikes in the w r b y anone of her four sons ever spoke an angry or unn
kind word. She was lovable, gentle and yet, thracite coal fields-I was raised i PhEhdelphia.
when roused, knew no fear. She was ever ready T o myi boyish conception the coal opaa'tors were
to share her last crumb with the unfortunate, inhuman monsters, and after all, I was not far
path would save much preeious force for our
movement.
One night I was arrested on 39th St. and
Broadway, by an apolegetic policeman, bailed out
by a saloon keeper and given some fatherly advice
by the Irish magistrate on the futility of preaching Socialism to Broadway. Of course this was
a dreadful shock at high school and eventually
resulted in my enlisting actively in the labor
movement,
It must have been about this time that I heard
Debs and DeLeon speak together on "Industrial
Unionism." It was immediately after the launching of the I. W, W. and it certainly worked a
turning point for me. I really began to place
my feet on the ground and tread a definite path.
Out of the first flush of youthful emotion, I
passed into' a second stage-based on a firm
conviction which I still bold to, that the union
movement is the real and lasting labor movement. I .saw a new society built by the organized workers-not along geographical but industrial lines, Regardless of diiferences of
opinions on forms, methods, and tactics, the fact
remains that it is the movement af power, i t is
at grips with capitalism in the strategic phce, the
point of production. It speaks the worker's
language. I have no faith elsewhere than i t he
n
industrial organization of the workers, and I
have unlimited faith in the promise o.f life and
liberty it holds out for the future and the eventual
ability of the workers to put it across. S o I
remain l i e my Irish, ancestors, a rebel!
F
I
i
THE L A B 0R HERALD
July, 1922
wrong. The free silver agitation in the the '90's
a ttracted me greatly.
But I never got by bearings until one Saturday night in the summer of 1900, when I was
19 years old. Walking along South street I ran
into a Socialist soap boxer at the corner of
Broad street. H e was the first Socialist I had
ever heard speak and I listened amazed. The
whole thing was a revelation. Whatever prejudice I had been taught to have against Socialism
melted away like snow before a summer sun.
The t h i i was clear at last. My rebellious spirit
saw the broad way to its gcial. Though I said
nothing to the men conducting the meeting-I
have o f h a wondered since who they were- I
l eft a cmvinced Socialist. After that the rest
was easy. I plunged head over heels into revolutionary literature, reading everything indiscriminately a nd gradually swinging from right
to left in my conception. I was "m2de7' that
Saturday d g h t in Philadelphia. That's how I
became a rebel.
B y Robert Minor
Y A childhood of poverty I was moulded
for life membership in the working class.
When I left school at fourteen to work
i f1 a sign painter's shop my love of picture making devehped t o a fierce passion. It may seem
incredible that this had a great deal to do with
making me a rebel, but I say seriously that even
the scant, pitiful art possibilities of a sign shop
gave me an impression
of conflict between every
artistic impulse and the
ife.
needs ef c ~ m r c i all
Few aa$si&is know that
sign p n l a t i a g shops
cover m y really talented y g m g workers,
but my W eyw s w and
a
understa& ' &e conflict
b e t w e pqsg w orked
MnrOB
instinct %&r
beauty and
the need &f & I
shop to drive for money.
T he s%i@m$s of the wages of a sign painter's
a p p r e G w S & 0 ~ me from that small Temple of
e
the carpenter's trade. Here
liar pride of the craftsman.
to have a relation to art,
day that it has. My relatives g & @& a t of this and into a "nice clean"
u
ce, with a chance to work
railroad. But I couldn't
branded with a different
f f t o wander on freight
laborer. Fifteen hours a day
on a farm, ,&6fty cents a day, soon gave me my
B
7
25
fill of agriculture; and I drifted into easier jobs
at ten hours a day with pick and shovel. This
was the serious beginning of the opening of my
eyes. One day an old mule-freight teamster
caught up with me on a lonely Texas road and
told me I could ride if I was a working man. On
the wagon he gave me a long tirade on the
wrongs of the working people and the need of
the working class to stick together and make a
revolution. H6s words sunk into my memory
to stay.
At camp fires in railroad construction camps
and on the freight trains and in the "jungles,"
the conversation of wandering laborers from all
quarters of the earth gave me my "cosmopolitan
culture." Here I learned the indescribable beauty
of that spiritual fraternity of cummwlism which
was poured a few years later into the songs and
the deeds of the old-time I. W. W. And I
learned the dreadful curse of God upon a scab.
When I returned to my native town to work
at the carpenter trade and joined the United
Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, my
rather crude working class loyalty got a slightly
more definite form. Two members of the Union
puzzled me by endlessly talking Socialism; of
t heir hifalutin words I couldn't remember a thing
except the constant repetition, "Carrol D. W right
to the contrary notwithstanding." But I learned
more definitely what a scab is. The order came
for all hands to make a stand for the Union
scale of wages, which was not being paid. I
was the only Union mkmber on my building job,
and I walked out on strike alone. I never got
another job at the carpenter trade.
I wandered about Texas and New Mexico on
freight trains, looking for work living by handouts, learning the peculiarly bitter lesson of the
unemployed man sleeping on the open ground in
Winter.
Unable to get work at .carpentering or sign
painting, I found a job as cartoonist for a small
daily newspaper. This was my entrance to a
trade that has taught many a man what a rotten core is inside of the social system. I didn't
notice i t at first, but was for some time absorbed.
in the rapid ambitions of the newspaper life. I
got a better job on a big St. Louis newspaper.
But about this time the trial of Willim D. Haywood at Boise, Idaho, came to disturb me-to
awaken all of the old-time dreams-the call of
my class. Simultaneously I met a Russian Jew,
the first one that I had ever known. The strange
talk of this man changed my understanding of
what life is for. He filled me full of the fever
to learn and feel. At first this merely stimulated
my work and brought me some of the petty newspaper success that I had thought I wanted. Now
that it c am, I didn't want it. About 1908 I
�26
I
I
THE LABORHERALD
went into the Socialist Party. I was elected to
the City Central Committee, but drifted out of
the party as it began to change its character,
about 1912, and began to take an interest in t he
Anarchist movement.
THE LABOR HERALD
July, 1922
stuff. I came home i n t he steerage, amongst
"my kind." I had advanced a long way-I had
learned that s oldiers, a nd not unarmed people,
m ake revolutions. I t opened wide vistas of
thought.
The last underpinning of respect for the "demA t the age of 29 I g ot my first opportunity t o
ocratic" social organizatioll was knocked o ut of
study art, and went to Paris with my saved-up
wages to attend the French national axt school. me by the Mooney case. I happened to be in
To my bewilderment I found that t he ''art California and was drawn into the organization
schools" have not the slightest interest in a rt, b ut of t he Mooney defense. The Chamber of Comconcern themselves solely with teaching men t he m r c e , t he street car corporation, "respectable"
way to make money, which I already knew. T hey labor union officials, strike-breakers, p oliamen,
have exactly the same motives as t he s ign paint- petty criminals, pristitutes and " class-con~cio~s"
ers' shop in Texas. This shook m e off t he t rack petty b usimss men, eonspired t o frame up and
ih
again. I could not associate w t the f oul bour- h ang strike leaders. Helping to untangle this
geois in the art academies. I n the working class amazing conspiracy, opened up to my eyes cataneighborhoods of Paris I learned t he F rench Ian- combs of crime and filth upon which capitalist
g uage mainly by listening to agita-'
speeches, society is built, of the existence of which I
a nd with the language I absorbed a gpicil P aris could otherwise have had only a feeble dream.
I had never before known that e very Labor caw
working-class point of v iew-&&ch~-s~didappetite in a criminal court is a stage play deliberately
ism. I returned to New York wi*
a fixed i n advance by direct bribery of witnesses
for the job I h ad already crmfn&&l fm,
and, usually, of the jury. The staggering com- '
cartoonist on the New York World.
pleteness of it is almost incredible to me even
t he first
ieghpl$
in now, a s i t will be incredible to t he reader. It
my new job were to begin a serkS of @*ens
like standing on a mountain while &e mists
to
f or blow away, revealing in t he valley the terrific
which were to be a
a bomb
( July 4, '9143
battle of t he
; t he thundering sounds of
*aS
ander Berkman and Emma
life a re shown to be artillery, a nd t he dimly swirla ffair with which they had n othing % &, b ut kg s aouettes become men in t he grapple of
which the "World" wanted t o h $ a n E I &em ~death.
~
I
i n one of its well-known cireulaCim d riww F or
That is d l of "How I Became a Rebel."
refusing to participate in this, and petlwps also
for sugge?ting that I &ght pwbBdP gFotest
But &e t h e had already c&e when
8
against it, I was reduced to the rmk of @@~onist rebel" didn't mean anything l
G e m s Washtake ington was a rebel, b ut if brought &g
for the eveningedition of ae
sospace to mention this only because i b 4 ~ .umi- cieN ot
s
he would not fllIICd.l
ss, such.
n ating to show how a man is %twiny beaten Robespierre was a rebel, but he W(I*%
have
along the path to one side or the other o f &e any significance now* Emma
a
class struggle. I was allowed to make anti-my revolutionist in July, 1914, but to
't
cartoons to m y heart's content k the E W ~ Qean
m
And I discavmdt
:
.
refor about a year- Then a st ran^ * g
turned from a trip t o Russia in Igrg
fhXM*
1 of t he @ eat newspapers
''
a r ehlnjust *generally, without t akiner definite
( a c e ~ t he Hears' press) were "&d@3'
place i n the ~
~revolution, ~ g&*t mean
~
lined
'
O the war On the Eng1ishhFpa4 any more than being a Methodist
R
poticed
side. I was ordered t o begin t urning my ear- while I w as in a military prison thait
~Scers
toons to the Allied side. I quit and went over to dispUted very seriously as to whether
an
the New York
where
Anarchist o r a Bolshevik, and upon
make revolutionary cartoon3.
I was only an Anarchist they t r
m uch
L ater, I went to Europe as c arresponcht i qr a s a moderately respectable man. Thh
humiliated me, and set me to w onddib8,
a "liberal" newspaper syndicate, There I saw
a s plain as daylight the beginning of "the transSO, "Hbw I Became a Rebel" da&&'t mean
forming of the Capitalist war into civil war a ud
I
anything, and the story's no good. B ~ wberevolution"-the
event of which Lenin's little
came a s pecified kind of a rebel agajn'& o specific
group in Switzerland was the prophet. This prediction o f' course ran like a red 'thread t hrbugh thing a nd for a specific thing in a S~EE&C wayn
*
that is the only tale that means a.
all of my writings and stuck out in m y drawA nd that's a different story.
ings. The newspaper syndicate quit printing my
Packinghouse Workers' Convention
By Tom Matthews
fswd@t
'
.. .
Z
..rn
"w
Ea
*E1llg
*
1
~
i
.,
HE s truggle of the packinghouse workers
has convinced me that the unions must
be reorganized upon an industrial basis."
This is the statement of a well-known official in
the labor movement of the Middle West, at the
conclusion of the recent strike. An1 there can
be no doubt that the packinghouse strike, and the
events leading up to it, is one of the greatest
object lesons in the history of the American
Federation of Labor. The union which called
that strike, and in which the packinghouse workers were formerly organized, the Amalgamated
Meat Cutters and Butcher Workmen of North
America, is meeting in convention on July zqtb,
a t St. Paul; it will be of interest to review some
of the problenls which that convention must
face and solve, keeping in view the lessons of
our recent struggle.
The initiative i n calling this convention , t o
take stock of ourselves and reshape our organization and policies, was taken by District Council No. 5, of Omaha immediately a fter the strike.
In its open letter, early in April, the Council
stated: "We believe t hat we should take in all
the workers in the packing industry from the
time the car is set with live stock until the finished
product is delivered to the consumer." In theory
the Butcher Workmen's Union is already organized on the plan of one union for the industry.
The charter from the A. F. of L. authorizes the
organization of "all wage earners in any way
connected with slaughtering and packing establishments." But this has not been carried out
in practice. O ne of the big tasks of t he coming
convention is to see that this is done.
Remctimq Officials and Other Evils
T he nature of the present officials of the Union
is shown in the splitting up of the solidarity of
the workers, where the possibility was present
of bringing them all into one organization. They
are reactionary. tThey have shown it in many
~
ways, and consistently try to block every progressive measure proposed by the r ank and file.
Thus in the convention of July 1920, w he~lt he
Omaha delegation tried to establish measures
which would have prev-ented t he forcing across
of the agreemient, 'which came in March, 1921
a nd tied the workers hands when the packers
were comparatively weak, these propositions
were defeated by t he machine. The high-handed
methods used in this a nd similar situations,
created much dissatisfaction and weakened the
in the membership gave a fertile
er crying evil, that of the dual
unions. Disgusted and disappainted with their
organizations' official policies, many of the rank
and file fell victims to the dual union propaganda.
This policy of running away from the fight has
injured the union. Fortunately, this is being
overcome. At the coming convention the progressive elements must fight against the remaining dual union ideas, as well as against the reactionary policies and officers.
International Solidarity
When the packinghouse workers have established a real union, with some kind of power in
the industry, they will immediately have another
problem, that of international solidarity. The
great packing trust has established itself in Australia, Canada, Brazil, Argentine, Uruguay,
Paraguay, Chile, Venezuela, New Zealand, Great
Britain, Germany, France, Italy and Denmark.
The trust is becoming more international every
day. While the undertakings in other countries
are not so extensive as those in the United States,
they are ever more important, and form a constant resource for the employers in the fights
against the union. For this basic economic reason, without considering at this time the other
compelling forces, we must decide the question
of international affiliation. T he Red Trade
Union International offers the only opportunity
for this international unity.
The packinghouse workers have shown by
word and deed that they want a leadership of
broader vision and ideals than that with which
they a re now blest Not only must we struggle
for living wages and human working conditions,
but we must also look forward to the time when a
new system of society can be brought into being;
a system of society that wil1,put an end to this
miserable struggle for bare existence-a time
when we can abolish the exploitation of man by
man, and establish the Workers' Republic.
FRANCE
IERRE D UMAS, once very well known as a n
Anarchist, has become a royalist. H e is now affiliated to the group supporting the notorious journal,
L'Action Francaise.
P
BuEalo, June 8, 1922
"A splendid meeting took place here last Sunday and
reports of actual accomplishments were given. A ll
disaffected local Carpenters Unions w ill be brought
back to the Central Trades and Labor Council, Local
374 reporting as the first to have taken this step. Will
have lots more to report when all our members get
busy."
Fraternally, F. H. S.
��THE LABOR HERALD
THE LABOR HERALD
had to be suddenly c ut off because there were n o funds
t o pay railroad fare and wages of investigators. T he
Sacco-Veflzetti Defense Committee, Box 3 , Hanover
7
St. Station, Boston, Mass., is in need of maney. Readers of THE LABOR ERALD a re urged t o r e p a s t their
H
unions to donate to this fund.
T he Mooney-Billings Case is facing a d iEermt s ort
of crisis, but one requiring action by the m i a n s also.
A s stated in this column last month, Gewemor Stephens
i s refusing to act on the question of a p wdon on t he
grounds that "Labor is not i n t e r e s t e d . ' X e Chicago
Federation of Labor, and many other b&es of t he
labor movement, have sent t eleaams d e m d w
action
f r o m Stephens. But the respor& has a& J
&
been
g reat enough. Telegram and letters
be poured
in to Governor Stephens, State &pt&$, Sxcramento,
California, demanding an imme&ste ah$ w d i t i o n a l
meat.
of the members of the f.
against militant union men.
a fter it came Sacco-Vanze
W.
possible t o say as we go to press whether t he Progressive or conservative candidate is elected, although the
Progressive, Trotter, is a couple of hundred votes in
the lead. The vote for President was
McParland, progressive . .............. 28,640
Barrett, conservative ................. 24,908
I
POLAND
N t he International Press Correspondence A. Macie-
jewski gives facts and figures about the Polish trade
union movement. The organizations are badly split
along national, racial, a nd religious lines. The principal o n e , with the amount of their a mberships, a re
a s follows: C eIltrd Commission m chss Unions
f
(Socialist) 4 2 0 0 Jewish Trade Unions go,oaa, P olish
0,0,
National Trade Unions (Patriotic) 6m,mo, @d Christion Unions (Catholic) SQ,W. T he indtds*J
f orm
of organiz.atioq quite generally prevails among the variCorn- ous groups. The Sqcialist unions are a miated t o the
future Amsterdam trade union International.
The C oqrmup~is~re very active in khe t rade union
a
moveae'r& g&tul&i-ly & e Socialist sectiari o i it. They
h
a
*
have s&at&fl ' hdjprity in a number o organizations,
i ncltlag &6 bidl&g T rades, Leather Workers, Wood
Wo~&er&I&
@
%per Workers. They also have large
o r@&~d m borities in the Metal Workers, Factory
Wbpl&a,' Food W orkers, Railroad Workers, Tobacco
W&rkps, e c I n addition t h e j have won control of
t.
&e G eriMl Labor Councils in the important industrial
cenfers rrf Warsaw, Bialystok, Posen, Kalisz, etc. A
bitter sittvggle ,for control is g o i n a on between then?
a nd k g n dormist Socialists. The latter have expelled
h?
hundreds of Communists from the asks. This
b rought t h e Communists t o .the p oint wherk &ey h a d
ta d ecide iI t hey should u ndertyke to o w n h e a n e w
' labof m ovmmt.
T hey voted to stay and w e within
and t he oId unions, no matter how di%eu& &e %&. T hey
t o a r e e r g a n i d n g t h e expelled tm:~bms &to weparate
tamions, pending the time w b &
ay will a a ble t o
h
&
o
force their readmittance by t w%@ r m k h h
THE INTERNATIONAL
GERMANY
T
H E C b h t t e e of Nine, consisting of three members
each from t he Second "Two and a half" and Third
1 nternat;imds a nd commissioned to lay the foundations
for a united f ront of the world's ~ roletariat,has broken
up a nd & ~ b m d e d . Inability t o unite upon a common
program
"the cause. It proved impossible, even
- me
pressure of the bitter reaction, t o
under
u nite &B &&&~~tionary Communists with the reformist
Socia&&,
b i s now apparently a struggle to the finish
between l!&p f or mastery of Labor's forces.
i
zo%, a re women. The unions with the largest percentage of women workers are as follows:
T extile Workers . .................. 430.350
Factory Workers . .................. 187,412
Metal Workers . .................... 173,914
F arm Workers . .................... 170,043
Tobacco W orkers . ................. 101,292
Clothing Trades . ...................
75,143
Book Binders . ......................
62,379
T ransport Workers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
58,490
Municipal & State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
53,383
In many of the organizations the women' members
are in the majority. In the Textile Workers they
number 430,350 a s against 226,499 men, in the Clothing
Workers 75.143 to 49,233 men, in the Book Binders
62,379 to 25,016, etc. The General Federation of German Trade Unions will hold its 11th convention in
Leipsig, beginning June 19th.
w
RUSSIA
[ THIN the past two months three important new
affiliations have joined the Red Trade Union International. The first was the Norwegian Trade Union
Federation, with 223,588 members. At the Congress
of the International Federation of Trade Unions (Amsterdam) held in Rome recently, Ole Lian, General
Secretary of the Norwegian movement announced his
organization's withdra'wal from that body. The Workers' Federation of Chili has also joined the Red Trade
Union International. This movement is, next to that
of Argentine, the strongest organization in S outh
America. The third new affiliation was the Sailors'
Union of Germany. This organization is independent
of the German Transport Workers' Union and it contains the bulk of German seamen. Formerly it had a
strong Syndicalist tendency, but this has now about
disappeared. I n Great Britain sentiment develops
rapidly in favor of the Red Trade Union International.
At a conference organized by the British Bureau early
in April, 270 delegates were present from all over the
country.
B OqK NOTES
f
ITALY
HE International Federation of Trade Unions, Am-
T
"9 &m n early 83 y ears of age.
blac%dked
by t he .oorporations, a nd
has k i m a r i s o x n e and a agir Yo
t e q r i s e d brave battle exposing the
of ~ u & & + c o m ~ n a ~ & y supreme a d m i ~ t & d .I
m
i
am d pou. I
&
sigaing arder. f 6r q: e
m
*
Em
LAFa
E.
-"
This
&om a I&$< & st rs&ved s h m v ~ he
t
spleadid sg@it i l c h i m d h g '& eriC.6ess'og TEB bip~
i
H_=n
and t-he Leame. You young EQ* b aveiybti
a s much e nkhushsm w thiri comrade of 83 pars? ='
.....................
Bars and Shadows,'by R dph
1,977,090
., ................
677,465
h hoduetion by Scott Nearing.
...................
..................
477,262
450,032
..................
104,750
7 members, 1,618,296, o r over
F
s terdam) held its third convention in Rome, April
20-26. Over IOO delegates from 20 countries, representing approximately 22,ooo,ooo workers, were in attendance. The principle subjects dealt with and the
action taken thereon are as follows: ( I ) Genoa conference-this ,was condemned as a capitalistic scheme
and demands were made upon it to unconditionally
admit Russia to the comity of nations and to grant
credits to all exhausted countries from an international
loan to be floated. The only proposition submitted to
the conference that was endorsed was the Russian demand for disarmament. (2) Means of combating future
wars- a referendum was ordered among the 3,500,000
metal workers of the world to declare a strike in case
of war. (3) How to *withstand the worldwide capithis an intensified campaign of
talistic reaction-for
organization was ordered. (4) Relations with the Red
Trade Union International-recognition
was given to
the previously stated figure of 16,ooo,ooo members for
this organization, but hostility was shown towards
recognizing or working with it. Its policy of building
nuclei within the old unions was condemned. ( 5)
Absence of American and Russian trade unionistsefforts are to be made to win the affiliation of these
bodies. Much scoffing was heard because the A. F.
�T H E LABOR HERALD
of L. had withdrawn its affiliation with the plea that
the Amsterdam International was too radical. The
old officials, including J. H. Thomas, President, Leon
Jouhaux, Vice President, and Edo F i m e n , Secretary,
were all reelected. The next convention will be held
in Vienna
r
'-1'
D ENMARK
/\N A ~ r i l24th. the meat lockout, which had lasted
"
w a l m ~ & ttwb month; came to an end. The settlement carried with it a reduction in wages of 15%. or
12% among the poorer paid workers, semi-annual readjustment of wages in acordance with the varying
cost of living, reduction of overtime rates to z 5%-fG
the first hour and 33%% for the second hour, and
maintenance of the eight hour day with minor modifications. There is considerable discontent among the
rank and file of the unions, they feeling; that their conservative leaders have sacrificed their interests.
July, 1922
-
a class basis. As the T a b Vale decision, at first a great
defeat. finally resulted in a victory by producing the
Labor Party, so the present disaster will probably
change eventually into a great success by uniting the
scattered trade unions into one mighty, undefeatable
organization. British Labor is now at a turning point
in its history.
Book Department of
THE LABOR HERALD
Live Wires Wanted to Circulate the Following book^:
THE RAILROADERS' NEXT STEP-AMALGANATION.
(Seoond Edition).
By Wm. Z Foster. 64 pages. Revised and Enlarged.
Single copies, 25e each ; 10 to 200 copies, 150.
STORIES OF THE GREAT RAILROADS.
By Charles Edward Russell. 332 pages. $1.25 p er copy.
THE GREAT STEEL STRIKE.
By Wm. Z. Foster. 865 pages Cloth, $1.75; paper, $1.00 per copy.
RESOLUTIONS AND DECISIONS OF TPTE FIRRT WORLD CONC3RESB OF
REVOLUTIONARY TRADE UNIONS-MQSCOW. 96 pages. 15c per copy.
THE RUSSLAN REVOLUTION. By \Vm. Z. Foster. (Sold out.)
THE REVOLUTIONARY CRISIS OF 1Q18-1921I N GEBMANY, EBTOLABlD,
ITALY AND FRANCE. '
By V m , Z . Foster 64 pages.
a n g l e oopies, 25c; 10 or more, l 5c.
A British Laborillustration of than American further
CURIOUS
how much
is advanced
Labor
is furnished by the current issue of "All Power," British official organ of the Red Trade Union International,
which contains an article by George Hicks, President
of the National Federation of Building Trades Operatives. To get an idea of what this means try t o imagine
John Donlin, President of the A. F. of L. Building
Trades Department writing enthusizsticallg- 'for the
Liberator o r THE.LABOR ERALD. would seem
H
That
a miracle.
The Federation of Building Trades Operatives made
ENGLAND
~
i long fought lockout in the British metal trades UD of 16 organizations with s o o , members and headed
E
has come to an end with a d'efeat for the men. b Hicks,
one of the new types of industrial unions
;
The latter have been forved to accept the employers' in the making. Though technically still a federation, it
terms, which carry with them very heavy wage cuts is rapidly digesting its many unions heading straight
and much less control for the unions in the shops. for an industrial union that will include the entire
The struggle lasted I4 weeks and at one time there were building trades. I t was formed as a result of the great
almost r,ooo,ooo men involved. The depleted s b t e of amalgamation movement launched by Tom Mafin and
the unionsl.funds, coupled with a terrible u neiaplopent, his comrades in 1911. In the current issue of T he
made the struggle one of the worst in British indus- Operative Builder, Mr. Hicks, outlining the history and
purpose of the organization, says :
trial history. I t is a big defeat for War.
I am sure that the great campaign of 1911 to 1914
T he great lockout is the aftermath of the c@lapse of
for full and complete a malgaqtion of all building
the Triple Alliance a year ago. At that h e &e highly
trade unions into one industrial organization had
organized British emiployers took the measure of the
a most marked effect in developing the mind of :he
trade union movement. They saw that its leaders, bred
worker for bigger and better forms of unity. I t
in the old Lib-Lab school of unionism are incapable
helped him to realize that it was not s a c i e n t
of making a fight on cIass lines so they passed the word
merely to desire better things, but that if he wanted
along for a general assault against the whole movet~ realize them he had to work for them, and the
ment. The attack on the metal trades organizations
scope necessary for such work did not lie in being
was headed by Sir Allan M. Smith, President qf the
separated from his fellow man, but in' co-operation
Engineering and National Employers' Federation. H e
with h im Complete amalgamation has not yet been
demanded that the Amalgamated Engineering Unim acrealized, but again let-me say I feel as confident of
cept conditions calculated to break the power of the- orit coming into being as of daylight following darkganization. The leaders agreed, but the m
e k feated
ness. We ought to have it now. We will have it
the proposition on a referendum, Result a lackqut of
as soon as the workers demand it, W e must
350,000 machinists on March 11th. Then the employers
broaden the outlook of the rank amj a e . One
moved against the rest of the trades, whose leaders
union with one aim-that is to sieze each opporh ey h e w were only too willing to capitulate. For a
tunity for improvement of status, to work in cot h e the 47 other metal trades unions made a show
operation with other unions for mutual aid and
csf a united front, but they finally turned tail on the
ink up and fraternize d the
protection, to l
E. U. and entered into separate negotiations with
workers of the world' to assist in the d l i s h m e n t
the employers on the basis of terms rejected by the
of the Co-operative Commonwealth.
A. E. U But this treason did them no good, i t only
.
T i k of an American building trades e n chier
hn
encouraged the employers, with the outcome that the
47 found themselves locked out also on May 3rd, adding talking like that! The "old guard" w d h v e him
arrested and examined for his sanity.
600,000 more men to the fray. After endless negotiaThe London Daily Herald, the big daily paper of
tions, in which the e mloyers displayed unshaking determination to cripple the unions and the union leaders Organized Labor in Great Britain, has been SWBLT he
gross timidity and lack of solidarity, the settlement Joint Committee, representing the General, Ckeund of
Comwas finally arrived at, first by the 47 unions on June the Trade Union Congress and the Ex+w
znd, and the Amal@;amated Engineering Union on June mittee of the National Labor Party, has O ~ t oB its
rescue by agreeing to take care of its d a t =ti1 their
12th.
The British labor movement is stirred to its depths brganizations hold their national conuentim& in June
over this latest defeat. Something drastic will be done and September respectively, when definite a m g s e n t s
about it. Unlike Americans, the British trade union- will be made to put the paper on its f@ t kancidy.
i
ists are accustomed to learn by their defeats. M y y For a long time the Daily Herald has &&%n dire
are now declaring that old-fashioned trade unionm~~financial straits, ascribable chiefly to the iadastrial dejust about
has reached the limit of its usefulness and cannot stand pression. At the time this relief came it.*
before such powerful employers' organization as the to expire. The recent anti-union twist 09 the British
Federation of British Industries. An insistent demai~d press (hitherto comparatively fair to Wsk] has no
l
is being made for the amalgamation of the entire labor doubt moved the conservative trade m10~eaders to
movement into one organization which shall fight on save the Daily Herald.
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TH
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The Trade Union Educational League
118 North La SalIlls l trert
Chicago, Illinoi%
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Do S ou Want to Know About the Progress of the Fight
II
SOVIET RUSSIA
11
as t hey appear twice a month (on t he 1st and 16th of each month)
I
PICTURES, POSTERS, MAPS, PORTBAITB, ORIGINAL AETI€lZES, EGBNONIC
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Address.
" SOVIET RUSSIA"
-
Room 304-1 10 West 40th S t m ~ i
-I
New York,
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N. Y. I
i
1
.
It
�
������������������
B e a Partner o f Soviet Russia
I
F or $10 y ou can buy a share in a company which has formed a partnership
w ith t he Russian Soviet Government. It will manufacture cloth, clothing, etc., in
Moscow and Petrograd. Russia furnishes the plants, the workmen, the raw rnat erials and the market ; A merican working people are now furnishing the moneyc apital and the technical aid. Your money invested in this company will pay for
better food for t he w orkers, for additional machinery, and for outside materials.
I t is hoped t hat dividends will be paid from t he b eginning, and the Russian G OVe rnment guarantees your investment. Any profits over ten per cent. will go t o
enlarging these factories and running others, so t hat t he possibilities of the
project are without limit.
R ussia has plants,
This is not a charworkers and r a w maLENIN'S MESSAGE TO YOU
i t y ; it is better than
terial in g r e a t abundM o s c o w , J une 7 , 1 922.
charity. If a n unemance. She needs w orkployed man came t o S IDNEY H ILLMAN
R USSIAN-AMERICAN
INDUSTRIAL' CORPORATION:
~ n gc apital and techyou in the street and
R EFERYOUR
COMMUNICATION
IN
nical aid.
asked you for a handE KCE
R A I. C. C AMPAIGN R E Russia has gone t o
out to prevent him from CEIVEDT O SOVIET GOVERNMENT S ATISforeign
governments
starving. you might give F A C T I O ~ . ASSURING ALL POSSIBLE SUBP ORT S OVIET G OVERNMENT URGES EXand bankers t o get t pe
it to him. R ut y ou would
ERCISE ALL EFFORTS SPEEDY REALIm oney a nd t h e a:d.
say t o yourself t h a t ZATION Y OVR P LANS.
T hese bankers a r e eager
charity does not solve
(Signed)
RYKOFF.
P C TING CHAIRMAN COUNCIL LABOR
for the profits waiting
the problem c:f u nemAND DEFENSE (Substitute for L enin).
t o be made. But they
ployment. W h a t is n eedw ill make bargains oniy
ed is a new deal t h a t
will set the wheels o f
o n conditions that R ussia does not wish to accept.
i ndustry g oiug a nd give the came hack f r o m Russia with
a contract signed by r epreT hey want Russia t o abatsm an a job.
s entatives c f t he Soviet Govdon all communistic ideals.
T h a t is just a s true of R usThey want the debts of the
a s i t is o f t he m an
t he
er?:"t'contract
a grees t o
T sar t o b e paid. They w ant
s treet. Russians a r e starvt urn o ver t o t he R ussianc ontrol over R tr~sian c ourts
i ng; we h ave g iven
t o A merican Industrial Corpor- a nd o ther impossible t hings.
l Juy t hem f o o d ; w e
k eep
a tlon six factories in PetroC annot A merican w orking
O n g iving i t' B ut t hat m oney
g rad a nd t hree in Moscow
people f urnish the necessary
is eaten up. Here is a chance m aking c loth a nd clothing.
capital without depending on
t o help R ussian iR ussia will T hey a r e worth between $2,s tarted so t h a t ndustry get
t he bankers t o d o it for
500,000 and $5,000,000.
t h e m ? Instead of putting
be
M oney
S idney H illman i nspected y our m oney i n t he h ank, inv ested i n
' Ompany
t hesefactoriesand found that
vest i t i n t he R ussian-Amern ot be eaten u p ; it will keep
t hey a r e in good condition, ican i ndustrial Corporation.
going t h e w heels o f t extile
turn out good clothing, and
mi'1s a nd ' lething
- - - - - - - - -n ow employ about 7,000 peoi t will give a ddjtional jobs t o
I
ple.
R ussian w orkmen.
T h e R ussian-American I nR USSIAN-AMERICAN INDUSH ere is your chance t o ind ustrial C orporation has been
TRIAL CORPORATION
I
vest money in the Russian
i ncorporated under the laws '
32 Union Square, New York City
Revolution. Do you believe
of Delaware. Its authorized
I
in t he Soviet Government? capital is $1,000,000.
.
I ~clalzt. . . . . . . sl~nresof Y O U I - stoclt
Do you wan1 t o give it an
A ny o ne may subscribe a t
o pportunity t o make good?
$10 a share. Careful p rovi- I n t $10 n slznrc, for .iwlziclz I e uclose
Here is a chance to s ay s o
:ion is made that control of
. . . . . . . . . I w ant f urtlze~, i nformaw ith hard cash.
the c o r ~ o r a t i o nwill not fall
$.
P resideut S idney H illman
i nto t he- h ands of a few large
ti011 a bout the pln~z. I z cmrzt.. . .....
?f t ile A malgamated Clothowners, T his is a people's
topics o f ,,our ,iicmiure
d istnbutr
111g W orkers of America
enterprise.
t o I : I Vf riends.
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,
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The Russian-American
Industrial Corporation
Sidney Hillman, President.
31 Union Square, New York Citv
............................
I
Nairie
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A ddress
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�September, 1922
The Railroaders' Next Step:
T he Road to p ower
a nd Teacher ,of Nation41
By W m. 2. Foster
This 6 4page pamphlet, written by a practical railroad man of many
years' experience, Ells a long-felt want of railroad unionists. Phase by
phase and step by step it scientifically and irrefutably establishes the case
for amalgamation. Place this pamphlet in the hands of the rank and
file and it will not be long until the fusion of the sixteen railroad unions
i nto one body is an accomplished fact.
T a e Unionism
rd
All the above.studies' a re organized in
such m anner that each can be mastered
in a few weeks. We teach the teachers of the working-class.
Here is a model of trade union pamphleteering. I n the seven chapters into
which the 64 pages of this booklet are divided are combined deep research,
cool analysis of fact, broad knowledge of the industry and of its history,
unflinching determination to move men and conditions upward and onward.
From the opening ~ entence,"The supreme need of the railroad men at the
present time is a consolidation of our many railroad organizations into one
compact body," to the closing prophecy that in time the cozpolidated railroad
unions w ill "pit their enormous organization against the employing class,
end the wages system forever, and set up the long-hoped-for era of social
justice," there is not a dull sentence in the book.
Central School of Practical
A feature of the pamphlet is a beautiful cover, designed by the wellknown artist, F red Ellis.
II
All railroad groups of militazlts should make the distribution of this
pamphlet a special order of business, and see to it t hat all railroad
unions in their respective localities are plentifully supplied with it. Let
us have your orders immediately.
RATES :
Single copies, 25c per copy. We pay postage.
In lots of 10 to 200, 15c per copy. We pay postage
Over 200 copies, special rates.
To avoid delay, order quickly, as the present supply is limited
ALL ORDERS PAYABLE I N ADVANCE
II
Send remittances to the
T rade Union Educational League
118 N. La Salle St., Chicago, Ill.
III
A Six p age weekly. Will fill your need
for a live, clear cut workers' newspaper. News, special articles, editor- n
ials. Cartoons by Bob Minor.
Always abreast of the labor struggle.
Special price to new subscribers
20 weeks for 50 cents.
,
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( Regular price $2.00 per year)
Writing in "Advance, " Solon De Leon says:
I
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Working Class Education
AMALGAMATION
I
T H E LABOR HERALD
II
Books and Pamphlets
"Dictatorship vs. Democracy"
By Leon Trotzky
Just published. Cloth $1.00, paper 50 cents.
A book of tremendous value to workers
who realize - t he necessity of right tactics
in the labor struggle. Write for price list
of Workers Party publications.
THE WORKERS PARTY
799 Broadway; Room 405
New~o&City .
LITERATURE AGENTS, SPECIAL NOTICE
Because of the seizure of o ur.books by t he police in an
attempt to frame-up against me in connection with the Gary
train wreck, it is impossible for us to send regular statement$
t o those having accounts with THE LABOR HERALD. We are
therefore compelled to appeal to you to figure out your o wnpccount, on the basis of t he bills sent you last month, deducting any
payments made, and adding for copies received, and to promptly'
send us the amount due. . Remeinber t he September Herald costs
only nine cents par copy. We appeal to your. solidarity t o act
immediately in this matter axid t o remit the full amount due us.
When the authorities are making desperate efforts to destroy
our League and THE LABOR HERALD, the militants should
-. make reply by at least paying - their accounts promptly. W e know
you won't fail us in this matter.
Wm. Z. Foster
II
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�NATIONAL CONFERENCE NUMBER
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THE ABOR HERALD
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Published monthly at 118 N. La Salle St. Subscriotion price $1.50 per year. The Trads Union Educational W e . Publiaherf
"Entered a s semnd-class matter March 21, 1922, a t the postoffice a t C hica~o,Illinois, under the Act of March 0, 1879."
Vol. I.
.
No. 7
September, I 922
First National Conference of t~ z & t
he
7-8
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Trade Union Educational League
Chicago, Aug. 26-27.
First Day's Proceedings. Morning Session
'The Conference was opened at 9 :30 a. m.,
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August 26th, in the Labor Lyceum, 2733 Hirsch
Blvd., by Sec'y-Treas. Foster.
johnstone of chicago was unanimously
elected chairman.
-Upon motion the chair was instructed to appoint the following committees of three members each : Credentials, Resolutions, Organization, Finance, Defense.
Report of Credentials Committee
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~ G r otf Organization Committee
~ h Organization Committee submitted the
&
following rules and regulations for the national
and local leagues :
T he Credentials Committee reported credentials of 45 delegates from the following 26 cities:
Milwaukee, Boston, Buffalo, Winnipeg, Montreal,
. RULES FOR T H E TRADE UNION EDUCAToronto, Guelph, New York, Cleveland, MinneTIONAL LEAGUE
1. This body shall be known as the Trade Union
apolis, San Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, St.
Louis, O'Fallon, Chicago, Grand Rapids, Pitts- Educational League.
2. I ts
shall . be o carry on
burgh, Cisco, Moline, Omaha, Kansas City, AS- campaign aimeducational t work within an intensified
of
the trade untoria, St. Paul, Youngstown. The delegation ions to the end that the natural development of
included many of the most active and influential these bodies to ever more clear-sighted, cohesive,
militants in the American trade union move- militant, and powerful organizations may be faciliated, and thus the labor movement hastened on to
ment. A do~ted.
the accomplishment of its great task of working
T he followinu communication^ were read :class emancipation.
AMALGAMATED UNION O F BUILDING
TRADES WORKERS O F GREAT
BRITAIN AND IREL-AND
London, England, August l oth, 1922.
4
W ESTERN UNION TELEGRAM
Aug. 25, P M 6 13
P hiladel~hia.Pa.
Trade &ioi Convention,
Educational League,
Regret our inability t o send delegates to convention but can't refrain from sending you our
heartiest congratulations and wishing you success
in the work YOU a re undertaking.
Shop ~ e l e g a t e sLeague, Waist &
Dress Industry,
B. Baroky, Secretary."
Mr. Wm. 2. Foster,
Trade Union Educational League,
Chicago, Ill.
Dear Sir and Brother:
Many thanks for the copy of T H E LABOR HERALD you were good enough to send me together
with an invitation to contribute an article to this
fine publication. I enclose a n a rticle on the l i e s
you suggest and also a photograph which may be
useful. Best wishes for the success of your National Conference. Your movement is in line with
the most keen expression of working class educational life here. Please convey my fraternal greetings to the Conference.
Yours Fraternally,
(Signed)
George Hicks,
General President."
3. Only good-standing members of recognized
trade unions can hold office in t he League and participate actively in its business meetings.
4. Nationally the League shall consist of the following industrial sections : Amusement Trades,
Building Trades, Clothing Trades, Food Trades, General Transport Trades, Lumber Trades, Metal
Trades, Mining Trades, Miscellaneous Trades, Printing Trades, Public Service Trades, Railroad Trades,
Textile Trades, and Local General Groups. Each
of these national industrial educational sections
shall consist of militant workers from all the recognized trade unions in their respective spheres. Each
of them shall have a national secretary. Locally
the League shall follow the same general scheme
of organization, the various local groups choosing
secretaries and'specializing themselves according to
t he above named industrial sections. The national
league shall consist of four territorial districts,
(1) E astern States, (2) Central States, (3) W estern
States, (4) Canada. The boundaries of the districts
shall be determined by the National Committee.
�4
THE LABOR HERALD
5. T he League is purely an educational body, not
a t rade union. I t is strictly prohibited for any of _
its national or local branches to affiliate to o r 'accept the affiliation of trade unions. No dues shall
be collected from individual workers nor per capita
tax from organizatiops of any kind. . The revenues
of the League, national, district and local, shall be
provided through voluntary donations, meetings, entertainments, sale of literature, etc. No membership'
cards shall be issuea t o individuals co-operating in
the Leagne.
6. T he League shall hold National Conferences
yearly, a t such times and places as may be determined-on by the National Committee. The system
af r epresentation shall be based upon the local general groups, which shall be entitled to one delegate
for and from each local industrial section organized
in th& respective localiti6s, a nd one for the local
general group. Delegates shall have one vote each.
D uring t he nktional conferences, meetings shall be
held of the various national industrial sections to
map out their respective programs.
7. T he national officers of t he League, s hall consist of a Sec'y-Treas., and a National. Committee
composed of the 14 secretaries of the national industrial sections specified in Sec. 4. T he Sedy-Treas,
shall be the secretary of the National Committee.
He shall be elected by the National Conference. The
industrial s ecietaries shall be elected by t+eir r espective sections during the National Conference.
A sub-committee of seven, including the Sec'yTreas., shall be selected from among the membership of the National Committee, to act as an Adm histrative Council, selection to be based upon proximity to the national headquarters. All goodstanding members of recognized trade unions shall
b e eligible for the office a Sec'y-Treas.; the memf
bers of the National Committee shall be good-standing members of recognized unions in their respective sections.
8. Between ~ a t i o n a lConferences ;he National
Committee shall execute the national policies of the
League. I t shall control the work of the Sec'yTreas.; select the editor of the national o Ecial
organ, T H E LABOR HERALD, and supervise the
latter's policy. I t shall 'meet quarterly, or oftener
when necessary. When such meetings cannot be
held, the National Committee ,shall conduct its business by referendum.
9. T he Sec'y-Treas. shall be duly bonded with a
reliable surety company. H e shall issue annual and
quarterly financial statements in T H E LABOR
HERALD. His b d s s hall be audited quarterly
by a Finance Committe of three chosen by the
local general group in thg headquarters aity. Other
natipnal and local officials of the League handling
t h e funds, shall also be bonded.
10. These rules may be changed only by National
Conferences.
Rules for Local C e n s d Groups
Recommended a s basis for t he work s f local general groups.
1. T he name of this organization shall be the
Trade Union Educational Ldgue, local general group
of
2. I ts aim shall b e to car& o n a n intensified
campaign of educational work within the trade unions to the end that the natural development of
these bodies to ever more clear-sightcd, cohesive,
S eptember,
1922
militant and powerful organizations may be facilitated, and thus the labor movement hastened on to
the accomplishment of its g reat t ask of working
class emancipation. To organize all militant trade
unionists into local general educational g roups;-to
c arry on the work of amalgamation between the
various crafts with the aim of eventually bringing
each craft injo i ts natural- basic trade industrially.
3. No membership dues or cards will be used,only a special receiet f or subscription t o T H E
LABOR HERALD. (a) AIl subscribers to THE
LABOR HERALD who are also members in good
standing in some recognized trade union, and have
passed a local examining board, shall be considered
members in good standing. (b) The local generpl
group shall consist of members from all local industrial groups.
4. T he local general group shall elect o:i t he
first regular meeting in January of each year, a
chairman and a vice-chairman, a secretary-treasu rer (who shall also be the literature agent for tlie
local general group), and a sergeant at arms. On
the first regular meeting in January, the following
committees shall be elected: (a) -Educational and
Entertainment, Auditing, Rules and Grievance and
Finance Committees. (b) The Organization and
Membership Committe shall consist of the secretaries of all the affilisted industrial groups who
shall be elected by the members of each industrial.
group on the last meeting in December of each
year. In sections where oplly g eneral groups &st, .
these committees shall be elected by the general
group.
5. T he duties of all officers shall be those g enrrally devolving on said officer. The Educational a nd
Entertainment Committee shall have charge of all
entertainments a n d g eneral meetings of an educational character. The Auditing Committee s hall
audit the books of the sec'y-treas, and literature
agent of the local general group every three months.
And a t any ether time they may be ordered to do
so by the local general group. The Rules and
Grievance Committee shall handle a11 grievances and
assist when requested by a written call from the
officers in any lacal indui'trial group, to handle any ,
grievances of said group. This committee shall pass
on all rules governing the local general group. The
Finance Committee shall devise ways and means of
securing finances for the local general group.
Process of bringing charges against officers or members :-No charges will be entertained by the chairman of the local general group that is not 'presented in writing and signed by a member in good
standing in some industrial group where g roup is
formed. (a) Said charges must first be presented
in the local industrial group of the member *presenting same, or if of a general group nature, then
presented to the group through its local s ecretary
i n writing. (b) If the local industrial secretary or
the general group secretary is directly interested in
charges being presented, then charges must be
brought through some member of the local industrial group delegated by said group.
6. T hese rules may be amended by a majority
.
vote of the delegates to the local general group at
any regular meeting. A11 changes in rules must
first be referred t o the Rules Committee, who shall
make a report a t the next general meeting, which
shall be a called meeting.
S eptember, 1922
T H E LABOR HERALD
Another Frame-up Started
-
T h e arrest of more than a score of m e n well-known for their
progressive views and activities in t he labor movement, o n t he
charge of violating the so-called " Criminal S yndicalist Lams"
of M ichigan, creates a crisis that cannot be ignored by anyone
c omerned e ither i n the maintenance of civil rights, or iqt t he
struggle of the workers for a decent standard of life.
T h e forces which engineered the spectacular raids, headed by
a notorious l abor-baiti~zg private detective agency, singularly
cloaked w ith t he mantle of Federal authority, are of the very
same charracter a s those employed by railroad o wners a nd coat
o pmators t o stamp o ut call labor unionism i n these industries.
T h e men u ~zder rrest are w ell k nown fop t heir efforts to strengtha
en the unions t h o u g h a malgamation of the craft organizations
and t heir g reater coordination i n the struggle.
Some of the men w ere arrested hundreds of miles away from
the scerze of the alleged illegal meeting. That the Chicago arrests b zvolve o nly m en active in. t he Trade Union Educational
League, and that its offices and convention were mode the scene
of spectacular police raids, shows clearly t hat i t w w a police
frame-up to h amper t he work.
Those arrested i n M ichigafi are charged m ith n othing f urther
than parliamentary d iscussio~land d ecisio~z. N o overt act of any
kiwd i s held a gainst them. Their opinion is their crime. Y e t
unless Labor becomes a ctive i n their behalf, l ong s entences await
them.
W e consider the M ichigan alleged S y~zdicalist case a grave
violation of American civil rights arzd declare that it bears all
the e ar-marks of a police c o~zspiracy t o suppress the work of
able and honest labor organizers. Everyone who opposes such
action on the p w t of the authorities should give all possible help,
financial and o thsm-se, t o the defense of those arrested.
a
All c o~ztributio~zsnd com.municatio~zs r egarding the defense
of this case should be addressed to
Emergency Labor , Defense C ommittee
R o o m 307, 166 W . W ashington st.
Chicago, Ill.
.5
�1
6
,
.
7 Q r d s .of bilainaas. batislg o &uteo; of d elewtes in each l&al
.
f
s
0
THE L A B 0R HERALD
prevbw meet*
hl call af ~ f f i c e r ~ BePQTt af
l
.
sfficera. (a) &port of szefr-tmis., literatwe wWL
(b) Beports af swr&atics sf irtdwtrial g ~ t l p s . Cc)
Reports of st;mt&p c a d - ,
Restding of bills
and cmmunisatiatl~. dtti&ed business, New busU
iacss. Good r d the ~ sder,
1ndwW &:
a(
The O rpnizlhx1. Gomaaittse geeomen& tbat the
g a e ~ a l raqpr
g
o&cial camttiittee >or
tbeaselves for this p
number to set as
10-1
Report of Organization Gammittee adopted -
Report ofi the Na
T he report of the National C d & c ? was
submitted By the S&y-Treas. Before gaHg int o rr. d e t d d statement of the stmiding of &e
Sec"y Foster stated &t the m g d a t i o n
now has SO g reat an influence in the labur m v c
m a t that the powers t bat b e are determined t o
wu& itt. h e effort in ehis direction was the
departation of himself from Colorado and Wyoming by the authmities. V is has been lately
f obwed by a raid on the national &ice, supposedly ig t cmection with ta train wreck in
G y and W y by the arrest of several memr,
hem of the League relative to
~ u p ~ he d
olding-of a radical c a4~entionin Michigan. Inssmu& w tbere bas begn a defmse Committee
appainted to l w k into this "legdl' attack an_
the League, d W t e action o n ti matter wjI1
hs
no doubt be taken before the G nference adjaunts. He s t;lt~dthat a l&et h&d been aceived from the Civil Liberties Union, ~ siped y
b
N ew- Thomas, Roger Baldwin, Robert 1VTorss
L ovett and S ~ o t Nearing, pledged the mortal
t
and material suppmt of that organimtiog in this
crisis,
T he Sec'y-Treas. g am a brief hi&gry af the
dev-elopnennt of the geaeral idea a f tSfe League.
In the a rty days of the b e r i a a n hbar movement the r nilimt elements quite generally fuac.
t imed within the aaas a r p i z a t b n s . But along
abput 1 89 a dualistic teddency b e p ~o det
velop. Chi&y under the intellectual guidance
of Daniel D a w n , the idea began to spread t hat
the way t~ biuild a real revo1utionar)r labof' m ove
ment was & forsake t he conservative mass organI
izations rand ba s t a t a tlew I L O m dveaent T his
SB r
program acquired almost mmplete dondmtioa
among radieah ~ ~ landyo r&ati~n a fter
,
ion w~ b u p r a t e d t o put it in00 effect.
It is not too much t o say that v i ~ a l l yhe whole
t
revolutionary movement subscribed to this plan:
But i l h t 19x1a am developpent took place.
h r g d y influenced by went8 in Fmncle, an d ement Began t advowte that the rebels stay witho
in Ule old trade uflions. A t first this agitation,
furthered by T am M a n among others, manifested itself in the I. W. W., and there segmed a
change of sentiment. The general. consequence is running like wildfire. The whole mass of the
was that the Trade Union Educational League rank and file are stirred up over the proposition.
immediately took on great life and importance. All sorts of railroad groups, such as system federations, Plumb Plan Leagues, etc., have enWork o the Leagae
f
Active work in thk organization of the T. U. E. dorsed consolidation and are circularizing the
L. practically began in February, 1922. Live country about it. Particularly effective work
spirits were located in all the principal cities in is being done by the Minnesota Shop Crafts
. the country and then encouraged to form local Legislative Committee, which has mapped out
groups. These were the "r,ooo secret agents," a definite plan of amalgamation, published it it1
made famous by Mr. Gompers7 erratic state- leaflet fomz, and circulated it by scores of thouments in the capitalist press. At the present sands of copies, with the result that hundreds of
time, the League has groups and col;nections in local unions in the whole 16 railroad crafts have
practically all the important industrial centers gone on record for amalgamation. All the power
of the United States and Canada. It is carrying of a reactionary bureaucracy will never be able
on a militant campaign everywhere for the re- to stop the wonderfill at~lalr:amation movement
vamping of the present lacklustre trade union started by t he T. U. B. L. in the railroad industry.
movement into a genuine fighting organization.
Among the clothing workers the League is
Already it is wielding a decisive force in shaping also a power. It has its groups in all the unions
the policies of Labor.
in the needle trades. They exercise a profound
. One of the first movements in which the influence in the course of these organizations.
League played a part took place in the mining They are particularly driving at the wnsolidaindustry. During the big agitation over the ex- tion of all the unions into one body aad the espulsion of Alexander Kowat a strong sentiment tablishment of the shop delegate system.
existed among radical elements to split away
NaturaIly, carrying on this militant work, the
from the U M. W. of A. The League, with League is meeting with great opposition from
.
hundreds of connections in the miners7 union, the old guard. But this will 'be unavailing to
turned all its efforts to averting such a calamity. stop its progress. The conservative bureaucracy
I t is safe to say that had it not been for the is intellectually bankrupt. It has absolutely noLeague very serious division would have oc- thing to offer the rank and file to help them out
curred, which would have greatly jeopardized of their difficulties. With the labor movement
the success of the then impending strike. In the confronted by the greatest crisis in its history,
metal industry the League has been particularly the Cincinnati Convention of the A. F. of L.
active in the MachinistsL Union. It got behind could do nothing more than reaffirm its old
the candidacy of Wm. Ross Knudsen for presi- antiquated I ~ dI
eclaration against industrial
dent of the organization. Although Brother unionism, With the League proposing living
Knudsen advocated a very radical program, policies which the rank and file stand in burning
standing for all the T. U. E. L. principles, he need of, i t should not fear the opposition of the
polled approximately 15,000 votes.. Had the reactionaries. By stirring up the mass, it will
election been conducted fairly, he would un- compel the leadership to act whether it wants
doubtedly have defeated his opponent. I n the to or not.
,
:
printing industry, the League is also actively.
Organization of the League
pushing the movement for a consolidation of all
the crafts into one body. This movement is
I n founding the league considerable difficulty
going forward from one victory to the other, and was experienced because it was impossible to
will soon result in giving the printing trades assemble a national conference and properly
workers one of the most up-to-date organizations iaunch the movement there. Hence it was necesto be found anywhere. In various other in- sary, up to the opening of this Conference, to
dustries and localities the League is also very allow the Chicago local general group to funcactive. Its amalgamation resolutions have been tion as the national organization. It mapped out
endorsed by central labor councils and local the Rules, elected the National Committee, orHERALD,
audited the Sec'yunions a11 over the country. The latest im- ganized THELABOR
portant instance-was in the case of the Minne- Treas.' books, worked out the general policies
sota State Federation of Labor, which went on to be applied in organizing, and generally funcrecord for amalgamation despite the most vigor- tioned as the directing body of the whole League.
The National Conference will now take over this
ous opposition of the old Gompers' machine.
But, the greatest showing of the League has direction from the Chicago group and proceed
been in the railroad industry. There the amal- formally to establish the organization, giving it
gamation movement started by the T. U. E. L. a constitution, officers, etc.
A
w r k within tber Wade &om took place in qx6,
when the I nternatiad T rade Union Educational
h g u e was organized. This body set up a few
groups here m d h ere, but did not acquire the
vigor of the earlier Syndicalist League of No*
America. . It died shortly.
Sil another effort was made in Nouember
tl
1920,when the present T rade Union Educational
League: was organized in Chicago. For over a
year this body lingered along more dead than
h
alive, due as u s d to t e dlaalSe&ic attitude of
the rebel element. But then a tremendous
change took place ia this respect. Almost over
might the g e t body of revolutismry elements
ra
arrived a t the opinion t hat the old method of
setting up dual unions was wrong and that the:
proper place for t he militants i s among ,the
masses. The! e xperienm sf the f tbsi519 Revolution cmt;ributedg reatly t o this unparallelled
'
�T H E L A B 0l H E R A L D
R
through an unsuccessful strike, marked by treachery on the part of the building trades leaders, a
split developed and an organization h o w n a s
the Rank and File Federation was created. Many,
animated by t he customary dual union ideas, put
great hopes ia this organization. But it has
disappointed the& almost completely. At present
the organization has approximately only 3 500
members, of which but rgoo a re paid up. Efforts
are now beiag made to bring these seceeding
workers back into the old buiiding trades unions.
In the metal, needle and provision trades, good
work is being done. Councils of the affiliated
organizations are being set up, strengthened, and
used towards educating and awakening the morkem generally.
On July 25th a nd 26th, the Pacific Coast District held its first conference. Delegates were
on band from San Francisco, Los h g e l e s and
Seattle. The entire situation was canvassed and
action outlined to bring about solidarity between
the workers in the various industries. It was
particularly pointed out that just at present there
9
was a splendid opportunity to organize the metal
miners all through the Rocky Mountain states.
The District Conference elected officers, who will
proceed to coordinate the work of the groups
all along the coast.
Del. Rogers called attention to the split that
bas taken place recently among the longshoremen. This grew out of dissensions in the old
organization and could have been avoided. Del.
~ i u d s e noutlined the recent struggles of the
metal trades workers and pointed otrt the efforts
now Ixing made to reorganize the scattered
ranks. EZle was of the opinion that if the League
had been established on the coast a year or two
ago, the splits in the building trades industry and
among the transport workers would not have
occurred. All told, the situation in the district
for the League is now good. The railroad men
particularly are taking to the League program
like ducks to water. It is safe to say that before
long the Pacific Coast District of the T. U. E. L.
will be a living factor in the western labor movement.
First Day's Proceedin.gs, fternoon Session
A
.
Report of Canadian District
,
Del. Buck stated that to get a f iir idea of the
Trade Union Educational League and its Canadi
. ian development, one must first realize what an
utter hash the whole trade union movement of
Canada is. Imagine -a vast country with comparatively small cities separa'ted by enormous
distances, with a total population of oilly 8,0ao,0 0 and only ho,soo actual industrial workers.
0,
Sectarian tendencies have been carried to a point
absolutely unprecedented. Only 313,000workers
are organized, of which 4 ,500 a re in the National Catholic Syndicate, 24,000 in the so-called
Canadian Federation of Labor, and the rernaining 244,500 a re split between 98 international
unions and 27 independent organizations of all
degrees of militancy, reaction and apathy. Split
by secession and rumors of secession, demoralized and weakened by distrust, the trade unions
during the past year and a half have been going
down t he toboggan & an alarming pace. Wage
cuts have become the order of the day and now
attract little or no attention. Outside of the railroad shops, trade union conditions have become
for the metal trades merely a legend.
Jobless &id disheartened, the rank and file have
been quitting the unions in droves.. During the
past year no less than 300 local unions, 10% of
all the local* ia Canada, have passed completely
out sf existence, and in metal mining scarcely a
trace of the former organization new exists. The
railroad shopmen, who until 1919 y ere the hundred percenters of the Canadian trade union
movement, were so hopelessly split until recently
as to almost coinpletely demoralize them. I t was
no uncommon thing in western Canada to find
four organizations .competing with each other for
the men of one craft in one shop, with resultant
utter conftasion and weakness. From being the
stronghold of t he militants and the vanguard of
orgmized labor in Canada, the west became .a
region torn with dissension and ;educed to a confused babel of freak organizations, and in many
localities the stronghold of, reaction. To some
extent the miners of Nova Scotia and Crows
Nest Pass I?ave escaped &is wave of demoralization, E Eorts were made by the 0. B. U. to
establish secession movements among them, but
these d id not take root. The miners succeeded
in maintaining their solidarity.
The League Comes to Canada
Del. Back stated t kat because of the enormous
expedse of carrying on a new movement in Canada, the T. U, E! L. started slowly, the first several groups perishing of inanimation. Finally a
few groups were started in Ontario and one in
Montreal, also one in Edmonton. Then, at a
meeting of the Toronto general group early in
June, 1922 the matter was gone into very carefully and it was decided that if the League was to
progress the message had to be carried to the
shops and locals, Enough rnsnsy was raised to
�T H E L A B O R EXERALEI-
J
5
.
v
September, 1922
T H E L ABC R H E R A L D
This is a crying outrage a d a hbfot upofi American
civilizatbn. I t 1s a b itter crime not only against
the k e n imprhaned, but t he whole w srkiag ckss.
The Trade Union Educational L q u e h e r d h goel
sn record in definite protest a@imE t he matragm
perpetrated upon Mooney a nd Bflfhm and &mmds
their release forthwith. To this end, $ propuses r h
following action :
1. That we make the BIoan%y.-Bifli~acase a
burning i sam in all the trade miam with w k i ~ h
we are a m a d d , a nd that we lancdagfg strive to
'.
stir up tfie rank and file t a pgotast
2 m a t w e ~ g rall organizations mw &cb we
.
e
have any m ntrol s r influence t o send l (tfera @ the
Governor of California d mandiag t he nncuaaQtional
release of our imprisoned brothers. We madmlrx
in unmeasured terms the irndigerence a nd n e g l e ~ t
being shown by the trade union leaders generally
in respect of this case so vital t t he interests o f
a
organized labor.
II
w orkc~sin the country mast go further and make
the case a live and Burning issue throughaut t he
entire labar msaemenk.
We appeal t o the d e l w t e s of r h ~ irst Xatiansl
F
Canfsrencc of the T. ZJ, El. L, t o go back t o ttbeir
respective sr%;a&atians and s tir a p interest ita the
Maoney-Billin@ case. We also mrge that the delegates strive to increase the c kulatiozi of Tom
Mmner"s Moathfy, Mormver, they shaufd see to
i t t hat a Boo$ o f r e&o~utions re poured i nto &va
ernor %,teghend' &ice, demanding: t hat be release
t he prissngrs* W e appeal to you, the advance guard
of thc milttant labor mayeaLent of the future, for
a
concerted, i ntendied a edon in behalf of M o~ney nd
B iihgs.
Adopted.
Sa~~o-Viverre*N m
G
Whereas, Saceo and Vanzetti a re livina w d e r the
shadow of t he gallows, having been m justly canvicted on perjured evidence, aqd
Adopted.
Whereas, their only crime was in being M Md
Brother Craig rqreseating the & onq D
e- t o the working class by orgnnizring the claw-trodfense Committee sp&e briefly an the. M m q - den and oppressed workerr af t he New & g k d
Billings case. He bmn@ g reetings fmm the states, therefore be it
t
t he F irst atEonal G nfemnre goes
im'prismed brothers aad urged that tl?R Confer- ,onRresoked,asbatenouncing Nhe frame-up canviction
ecord
d
t
ence give them its undivided support.
of S ama a nd Vaazetti and p!cdga its e atire and
whole-heart& suppart in t he task of securing their
St9te~l~nt M ~ ~ ~ d q - B B i n g s
OD
6release.
By
7% X ikt Madonat G@$ereals;e sf the T rade n%k%
vswke*
E dtzblbtb~~c1
n
& its& ma
The F h t Na~jlal e r ~ t 3 w f &fra Trade WnW
o
mo%phered
artatert b+ sc
ion Edtpeatiozral Lama 8 m k m && 5% yil! n m t
B a t W s , - h ~ ~ad & w a d rdds, db&smea and gdkiw 5Qelf t a be esrrre8 fm its p q s m ~g an^
gt
b
9 d x , iinc-g
a
s w k s t a s . The bdle
g l B ~ m E B t b $mi
sna &a &W€d srt*emI
&wf&ItzmbrTaq s a w far t h s mk sad omairannwms p $otmdW iaauet
am burea,uct~qep&ed-by a n d
&x& ac*g a m r e s t & iii G W S * ~
&a&-'&-is b t & g t w a e n t , baclhffd;rds, The m f k e ~ s
h
cMd- d ~rfther$*tw a d .fka X. 8. D q a c m @ t &
I
j uaisa, BU d whi& h ( bur
*b
hfW@&am~l~,
n
to psemma tka a awly a d h i t f a 1 d el%wafiws d
-
.r;Lsio e rnwma~,
Wnd
Pr-dSta
ta q p r w s
h eiaea-mnwha
w"em
bka,Y-
rJam are m elw snd thee
a w & sw ke Frtslllt t r d s Wen mcrwmq*,
l ! % id
t t ae go
e
Adopted.
.
k w l w dcOafQrap by ;fhe r
J & E b w ed qszsiv
eomprittme.
The p raent situatfon qf the: Mooney-Billings case
F drtid Prioon+a
is unparalleled in American c aurt history, Alf h e
Whereas, there a re ovez 90 political p rismers
principal witnesses for the prosecution have either
f
confessed th having committed perjury, 61- have been con&ed in the various penitanthries s America, in
Gfiaitely exposed. Legally the ease has collapsed, violation af every principle of freedom and hutnanbut Moohey azid Billings a re still in jail. Under the ity, therefore be it
Resolved, th8t we emphatically protest against
laws of California a criminal case cannot be reopened once the record is closed, no matter b w this deplorable state of affairs, and call upon all
muck evidence of perjurg sad conspiracy is discov- militant workers to do their utmost to create such
a body of sentimtat t b t t he government will be
ered after the d efadant is sentenced.
The judge who sentenced Y aeney has asked that campe€ltd t~ release t he victims now so ttnjustIy
,
he be $ranted a new trial. Hi?l request has never kept b dttrwr.
Adopted.
been acted upon, t he courts C O ~ ~ B tSh J m ~ l v e s
e~ ~
powerless t o act. On April 18th* 1922, District AtI t w b EPnaiw RcIfeS
tarney Brady, sn6eie~mrt o the 90&3d0U$ Fickert,
Whereas, the warking i mssea of Russia have had
who railroaded these men t o prison, rcguestcd t h t added t a their already o vrrwhefdtig burdens the
Governor Stephens pardan both g risoa~rson the addidanal task of meeting a. most terrible famine,
grounds of proven perjury a nd f m d in t h d r trials. a nd
More than four months have elapsed since the &tjtrbtlretxs; the worker$ sf the en&e w ~ r l dhave
trict attorney made this request, yet ~ o o n e y na a vital interest Ip asaisGl;ing;their Russian brothers,
a
Billings remain in prison. h r e s ef labor e rgaska- W$B have Borne t h b ~ m of the: world fight against
~
t
tions have seque'stad t hat the govexnor t ake this crpStaliam, aed
actioa, but he refuged to stir.
Wherean, all relief from capitalist o rmnkat-iws
The s itupti~nis farther c om~ticatedby ttPa wttes i s a potential menace t~ t he rule of t he warkers
absence gf assistance on t hc p a t of the majority and 8 practical interference in t hdr a fkirs, thereof Califor&a~labor leaders. Had they r abed their fane ebie htd , that we call upon the trade u nbns af
R so i
voices in pretest in the beginning; t he frame-up
never would have beea succestzful, a ad today, more America to contribute ll'berally t o the various workthan six years later, we find them still i ~~di$erent, e r ~ 'famine relief o rgnizatiqns, and that we parif not actually worEng a minat tfie d tfmse forces ticularfy. commend to them t he work of the Friends
by endorsing Stephens for governor and m l & p
of S v i e t Bussia and the Trade Union Natioml
f ar his re-election, notwithstanding his: Lttitude in Cgmnsittee f or Rusriian Relief.
ehe M oaneyEiillin~case. The indiEcreaee of the
Adopted,
leaders is naturally comrnkm3.cated f a t he r ank and
Russian Waiksrs* RepuhIie
f ife with t he result that the defenrie fiflds itself haadiThe industrial workers of Russia, allled with the
czpped by a general lack of co-operation. The def esse is keeping up interest in the a s s t hrowh t he t oilh~g,peasants,have overtlxrown their oppressors
m e d i m of its general pu6Iicitp work and ifs o 5cial and established the first Workers' Republic, the Sm-. organ, Tam M ooney"~Mosthly. But t he militant i et Government of Russk. In spite of the 'backward-
o*
W& ept; Iri f w h
b
�THE LAB(
The productive forces of capitalism are inter-
means s propaganda for drawing the trade unions
f
together.
Adopted.
. unemployment
must be attacked by all the workers,
There must be soli-
burden of continuously sustaining the workers usu-
e movements inance of the un-
Adopted.
Natianal Amalgamatiom C ohrencs
Polidcol Actioa
I n the daily struggle of the working class it is
found that the powers of t he government are tegularly used against the workers and in favor of the
capitalists. Hence, universally, trade unions naturaily t ry to exert pressure upon the goyernments of
their countries in erder to win them over or a t least
neutralize t h e a I n the United Sfates this natural
ipolitic~lmovement, ordinarily productive of highly
educational values,. has been thwarted and nzisdirected by the Gornpers' policy of "Rewarding
friends and purzishing enemies." This policy, which
hooks the labor movement as a tail onto the capitalist political kites, literally gobons the trade nnions. I t introduces directly into their ranks all the
corrupt influences of capitalist politics, besides keeping the organizations cemmitted to t he promulgation of capitalist economics. So long as it persists
the workers cannot acquire a clear understanding
of their class pbsition in society. A nd without this
militant labor o ~ganizationis impossible. Therefore,
be it
R esol~ed, T hat t he Trade Union Educational
League, in its first National Conference, uuequivocally condemns t he Gompers"olitica1 policy a s fatal
to the success of the trade union movement and calls
upon t he workers of America t o take the necessary
steps for engaging in a militant campaign of independent working class political action.
.
Adapted.
Shop Commitaer
Whereas, The prevailing system of local union
organization of all workers of a given category,
without regard to shop or factory units, leaves untouched one of the sources of latent solidarity which
should be brought?nto play in the life of the unions;
namely the natural cohesion of the workers on the
same job, and
Whereas, I t has be%n found by experience that 'a
system of organization by c ~mmitteesfrom each
shop, or each chief division itf each shop, combined
together to form the local anions for each locality,
has the eBect of reinvigorating the o rgantation,
handling the workers' affairs incomparably rxiore
efficiently, and of bri$ng
n ewer and wider elements into active pilrticipation in t he life of the
arganization, Therefoie be it
Resolved, T hat we support the principle of organization on the basis af shop committees, or shop delegates in all industries where such a plab ean be
worked out effectively, and we recommend to our
members: that such practical plans be developed and
the united support of them by all progressive elements be secured through the T U, E L
.
.
Adopted.
-
-
ment the necessity of amalgamation, and to lay plans
IndurtriPl Unionism
T he Firat National Conference of the Trade Union
Educational League declares whole-heartedlp for the
principle of industrial unionism. The prevailing type
of organization by crzifts no longer. can fulfill the
needs of the working class in its struggle for o
higher standard of living and more freedom. Cansolidation of t he workers along t he lines of industry
is one of the most imperative needs sf the present
situation in the ela,ss struggl?
..
,
_
-.I
��16
, T H E L A B 0 1L H E R A L D
September, 1922
September, 1922
modern methods of production and sci'entific distribution of the goods thus pto&uced, t here would be
T he Trade Union Educational League m r e s s e s 1 9 excuse today for oae human being to be in want.
1
it5 complete sympathy and solidarity w ith t he strik- Yet we find in this, the richest country in the world,
ing railroad shopmen. T he railroad companie% t yp- hunger and want rampant, and t ke m ost apalBng
ical capitalistic . kploiters, have no regard whatever ignorance and degradation, unparallelled unemployfor the human needs of the workers. They are ani- ment, and a general social demoralization. Millions
mated only by their own greed. They want profits of workers on the street, millions of women and
and more profits, regardless of the fact that their children reduced to bitter need. Poverty and humilinsatiable lust for wealth means t he enslavement of iation for the workers, while the ~ a r a s i t i cdIe rich
i
the great mass of t he people. In self-protection the revel in luxury such as human history has never
workers m ast resist the encroachment of the para- known before.
sitical owning elements. W e note with satisfaction
Production for private profit, which, by its insenthat the shopmen a re developing a true nnderstandsate greed, its anarchic tendencies and its ruthless
i ng of the real situation and are defending them- disregard for the most elemental rights of its slaves,
selves accordingly.
causes these fatal contradictions, must go. I t must
But -we m ust also point out one great lesson in be replaced by a scientific system of production for
the present struggle. While the seven shop unions use and distribution according to need. The accomare valiantly battling the united exploiters, nine plishment of this task presupposes the creation in
other organizations, numbering some 1,000,000. mem- the minds of the workers of an ideal of emancipabers, have remained at work and a r e helping the tion and the development of working class organizacompanies in t heir fight against the s triking shop- tions to t he point where they can win from the
men. This is an inexcusable situation. Nothing b ut master class control of i ndustry and all which that
profound stupidity, or worse, on the part .of the implies.
I
I
trade union leadership, ie responsible. W e call upon
W orkers' control of industry must inevitably dethe nine c rafts still a t work to rally t o the support
Here is the revoluof their ,striking brothers, and we nrge the railroad velop into a workers' republic.
tionary ideal for the working class: W orkcrs' conworkers as a whole to prevent such a sad state of
a ffairs developing again, with part of their number trol of industry; production for use i nstead of profit;
working and the rest striking. This can only be ac- abolition of the capitalist system; and the institucon~plishedby merging all the railroad unions into . tion of a workers' commonwealth.
.
Adopted.
one body. The very life of railroad unionism de- '
mands that this be done.
Adopted.
Report o Defense Committed
f
T he R ailrod S trib
The Coal Strike
3
T he First National Conference of the Trade Union
Educational League congratulates the coal miners
on the. splendid spirit manifested by them in their
recent great strike. Never have the workers of this
country risen to greater heights .of solidarity, never
has the country been made to understand mare
clearly the debt that it owes to the toilers. Although
the struggle has not resulted in a complete victory,
a t least the violent drive of the "open shoppers" has
been checked. This in itself is no mean accomplishment in these days of black reaction. But this truce,
now coming t o pass, is only temporary. Soon the
employers will be on the offensive again. And when
the next great struggle develops the miners must be
ready to fight even more 'valiantly than they have
this time. By their gallant struggle the coal miners
have undoubtedly preserved the whole trade union
movement from destruction. Had t hey been fainthearted and had they yielded in the battle, the employers, tremendausly encouraged thereby, would
have raged against all other trade unions until the
movement generally was crushed. W e hail the battling miners.
Adopted.
The Workers' Republic
Capitalism must go. The system of production
for private profit, whatever justification it m ay once
have had, has outlived its usefulness, and today is the
direct cause of su'ch misery, crirne and social injustice, as history has never before recorded. With
R eporting on a letter received from the American Civil Liberties Union, signedl by Norman Thamas, Robert Morss h v e t t , Roger Baldwin, a nd Scott
Nearing, offering the services of that organization
to the League t o contest the action of the federal
and state authorities in arresting Foster for alleged
participation in a secret convention in PBichi@n, t he
committee reports that the offer be accepted and
thanks extended for the same.
T he Committee further r ecol~mendst hat the T.
U. E. L. t ake a n active part in defending all its
members who may be arrested it1 this deliberate
attempt af t he authorities to destroy our movement,
and t o this end it proposes that the Seck-Treas. b e
auhorized to raise a defense fund a nd t o k eeb a separate account of same, and that he take the necessary steps to engage counsel and to make all other
provisions t b asist in t he d efmse of any members
of the League who may be persecuted on account
of t heir activity in the movement. In addition, the
delegates to the Conference a r e urged to work for
p rotest meetings a nd o ther expressions by central
labor bodies in their respective vicinities.
Adopted.
The time of adjournment having arrived,
and as t he Chairman of the Conference was
about to close the session, several detectives
representing t he s tates' attorneys' office a nd
the Department of Justice, e aterqd t he hall
and took charge of the meeting, aiinouncing
t hat they intended t o arrest certain parties
present.
' \,
c
:!
I ,J
li
THE LABOR HERALD
The Raid on the Conference
(By M. M.)
T o get the full significance of the raid on the
Conference, one must review recent past events,
Since its inception but a short time ago, the T rade
Union Educational League has secured a grip upon
t he minds and vision of n ot only the radicals but
.
also the mild progressives in the A. F of L. I n all
t he principal industrial centers o f t he United States
and Canada the workers are reaching out for the
plan of the League and thousands of copies have
been sold of its official organ, T H E LABOR HERALD, not to speak of the great mass of other l iterat ure circulated. The whole movement has become
.
affected by its dynamic propaganda.
A larmed by the progress of the League, t he powers-that-be are d eterwined t o crush it. One of t he
first moves made in this direction was during the
recent western tour of Sec'y-Treas. Foster. The
latter was billed to speak in Denver on August 6th
f or t he local branch of t he T. U. E. L. About a n
hour b efore t he meting began, a nd a s h e w as r esting
in his room in the Oxford Hotel, three State Rangers,
a cting under t he direct o rders of Adjt. Gen. H am'rock, arrested hinl without warrant and spirited him
a way by automobile t o Brighton, some 29 miles
north. There he was kept all night, being denied
t he right t o c ommunicate with either lawyers or
friends. I n t he morning t he t hree Rangers again
t ook
in charge, a nd t he P arty w ent by a utomobile t o Greeley, where, in s pite of F oster's P rotests, h e w as photographed, weighed, a nd measuredAfter this outrage the Rangers then took him north
again b y automobile t o Cheyenne- I n Cheyenne
t he Colorado police, who w ere i llegdll~holding him
., o n W yoming t erritory w ithout a w arrant, l earned
t hat the Wyoming sheriff was waiting back on the
road 12 miles at the state line. The Rangers then
drove F oster back to t he s tate line w here t hey t urned
him over to t he s heriff- T he l atter, a typical CorPoration r at, instead of putting Foster on an eastbound
t rain as he was supposed t o do, drove him 100 miles
by automobile t o t he state line of Nebraska, to a
place called Torrington, where he dropped him on
t he road six
town. Foster,
his luggage
t he
t here took a train f or Omaha* w here he
in
time for his scheduled meeting.
T he general public was treated to lurid headlines
over this incident. H amrock boasted of his illegal
actions, s tating t hat "no law had been consulted."
But public opinion did not side with him. F rom all
o ver the c ountry came protests. F riends of f ree
speech and commion decency publicly o ffered their
services i n a legal fight against Hamrock. T he incident became a political issue in Colorado. And at
this writing there is a strong demand for Foster to
come back t o Denver t o speak a t a gigantic P rotest
meeting.
am rock declares that if he does he will
be a rrested t he moment h e Puts
o n Colorado
.. soil. There the matter rests for the time being.
This Colorado-Wyoming incident was clearly a
blow aimed a t the League. And it was not long
until it was followed by another. On August 20t11,
there was a train wrecked a t Gary, Ind. So anxious
were the authorities to disrupt the League that they,
without any justification whatsoever, made a raid
on its headquarters that very night, seeking evidence to connect i t up with the wreck. This raid
was staged in true Palmeresque movie style. Conlillg
like burglars in the night, an assistant states' attorney and a dozen police broke into the League offices
and ransacked the files and desks. So that none of
the effect might be lost, they came equipped with
flashlight and took pictures of themselves searching
t he office. The next d ay t he newspapers carried the
plot further by announcing in eight column headlines the connection they declared they had established between the League a nd the Gary train wreck.
They informed the trusting world that tons of radical
l iterature had been seized, pictures of Lenin a nd
Trotsky, confiscated, etc.
B ut t his a ttack f ared no better than the one in
Colorado and Wyoming. A fter examining the correspondence and other documents found in the
League office, t he states' attorney was compelled to
come out a nd admit t hat he could show n o conneetion between the League and the wreck. He had to
s tate t hat t he so-called tons of l iterature w ere no
m ore than a few letter files and the League's books.
T ~ U St his a ttempt a t a f rame-up cbllapsed.
Undeterred, however, t hose seeking t o "get" t he
League were quick t o m ake another attack. On
August 22nd, t he newspapers carried a lurid story
f rom Michigan that a group of alleged communists
had been arrested there a t a supposed convention,
a nd t hat a nother larger body had succeeded in escaping, Foster among them, and were then fleeing
t hrough the woods and sand dunes pursued by the
army. Meanwhile Foster, supposedly making a desperate getaway in t he wilds of Michigan a nd Indiana, worked daily i n t he o ffice of t he League. F inally, when swfficient of a sensation had been created,
t he police arrested F oster and held h m under $5,000
m
bond f or extradition t o Michigan, a s o ne of t he
participants in the alleged convention which was
supposedly in violation o f t he Michigan anti-sylldicalism act.
All t hese e vents created a n atmosphere o f t errorism, a nd n o d oubt t he a uthorities, a cting purely a s
a gents of the industrial interests, thought that the
T. U. E. L. Conference, scheduled for August 26-27,
be postponed. ~~t t he m eeting p ent ahead
exactly a s proposed. suite evidently even m ore
p ressure had to be brought t o b ear upon it, a nd this
was done by raiding t he hall w here t he Conference
was being held. Just a t the moment of adjournment,
t hree men entered the hall from the rear. A t all,
very t hin one, a short, s tubby one, and a burly,
heavy jowled one, quickly recognized as detective
sergeant M
~
D known f~ his under-cover ~
~
or ~
~
~
activities in t he I. W. W . a nd subsequent pari in the
t rial a nd conviction of members of that organization.
T he three detectives then combed the audience one
by one, examining each person present. The net
result mas t hat eleven delegates and visitors were
arrested and taken t o jail. There all were made to
run the gauntlet, during which they were severely
beaten. Later all but two, Earl Browder and Phil
Ahrenberg, were released. The latter were held f o r .
,
�..
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<
4
F
r
-
-
,ST*:
r-
r.
.
' '-
a m&&
TRE L A ~ . O R
T H E LABOR BEBALD
.
c lznfroatd with a
a d rehm
MCB S m nr eorrttstly: if t h e
Gta
i
o
D aIbw the ~lEfieiials t s%nmgctrfeW
I
o
ah- &to &srwtiag f i e q r s ~ k a~ d d
b
it i
s
p-filc;
t wig a&@% flta d l saeao-im
a
c
At
&O v a a g $
we have
G Q~~PQIthe
@f
k t m a d a It6frpemphIdl~t &aI sEolfa we de not
V
vdli br en.tip1alp dmmaji~l; %d ~ !
9
T h i s 38 beczaass rsf t ! aantiqftrb&
esenMtian p
h e a pd
b m &a aeiirr$CE t~
few d
d&t ar b :B ~ ~ ~ . & P B e eaei;tied
r' I
w
laifh
s m a t 8 m s tk~c ill
w
t w o ddwtra a p i w ~ .
be fmr men - eZ~m mll ~BWSI&trists segxe~eil*e
s
23 members with junk 8 5 mu& o I
3
f
and vake
aa the: faur men r q r e s e s t l q 10bW m Yark BBM
b w ~ . Watumlb the old maWae seeks the p q e t m a£ m& a con&tkia.
H ms B a~iqg2
t
a
hgw&g
mathex gaeseiora w ta whether
o arbt it
r
t degmtaeatalke
a
the, incfumsu
trader workms, B maer Wi&s sM:
We w&
hare a$e --%:a&
&as depart-
f i i ss LlZP:
~
aflaa~he
t
ifldwis or*&&
a m , a d e~rmtlftfer t'b9
p r e n a a , the eamxim$ the b a~kbiadws~k ut
eE
-
- matrtataliaed gs&l$g mu&
e& B
s
emfive
~
& o ac
~ar&
~ m~ld,ea r @raa*& W E b
~b
t
I
he
w Em m nld act f ox %hew h e t m-
&a
a
.
g R c amedoa with, the printing trades sit-do&, Dd. %per& Poagted out the rieral fiecmsit2 a& orgrrnlzhg the aewmriters. These
m a o aupy a a e q strategic pasition 111 s ~ c i a l
l ife a d grmt efXa+ta ghBdd be eqeastg;d tom ~&&
B&&g t hem witfiin the pale a the
f
b&~.lt ararreakt. Up &'&Gs.l;iniae very tittle
m
has Been dam in thi
grspkrw Utxiaa, *he
i s d i e s QVBE the &em ~ W I .
W
L ease* submitted the program af t he migtan0 dement in the cfothi~lgadustry. After
i
caagidedle diaasrioa, it wars adopied by the
Gcsnferaace 31e i gxlinted elsewhere i thinis
s
n
h dasw m . hra~a a ta the b ndereace,
gS
q
I wm g ~iakedgat t hat
k
the p ~ at
rb
p a r a ilg.Haw m v e r n e ~ ~ t s Cmeasian h we
03
sg -the l~a@sharctn&d and
detpc'l~pa
ElOtht& Atlantic and Pacific ma&
s aile~g _
folb*g
%helsnaucrczz@isfds bike movcmen-lf
in t he% tr°ades. A a, r ~ ~ ds t , e ~ s i o n ~
s
e~
have
develope$ & apmts o-f the dincantented
workers l.la~rlebetin a bsarhd b the 1 W: W.,
y
.
bore_iand there and v ari~w ther d ad uaiam.
o
But as 'kt as %he =in- bady of the tranWar4:
w ~ t " & e w e wncerned, namely, t Street car
f~
h
men$ team$tes$, Ctc., they mars 6@abolled bp
�THE L A B 0R HERALD
,,
t he t r a n ~ p ~ &
work-
g enetd
American M QmQ*mc
~
p et a.$.waficed t o the p
their learnman i nterest
This mast nat be m mTp a weak affilistba tikg t he
s r r a n m m t , waicb p r o d n e e d mirely an ab k n d b tsleprgmr dwiog timu sf knrublg
hut a well-kdt o r p n i e i ~ a hfeh d q pzwicfr &pew
ciftcaur far jvbk skrika anion of t h tro bodieh
wh3t cauld a
dc~Iomc
slg9cPoe1* t h n a t
to be acen,sll tbrrough the -1
ritrih when t he milW C J T ~ ~ Z -d e d d l % ftrtr mile a care sf e-6
bS
s
3
uul. 03 t hdr mwn dehiment u nefl rr trt that af the
miners S P P ~ & = ~ l rtioo b the n ilrrud mon
~E
r
m"ld ha,pe
the -l @@ice in a
miSrre and the r&ilsaidt~wkera Y& be snited i.rr
M
one ermni-n.
2 R a t i ~ n ~ Agr~murta;"ESo dj&tzht a p ~ e - .
.
l
men;ntae musk be the s l ~ m naE the m ines. Coal
-mining i s EI, Isaaic nathn-al i a 8 u s e I and I t must be
ru@sd
-
-
-
&etioae&ring nlachioe go
tlte
in
tpmd
of
runningl
wwer,
ar*and the dinrigti plyins
rind seeldng to
dBveb
in kwgan o$: the adrrri&trath*
And
the
mtmble3 *q. in
fiack
&e
~w "$be DItlptemab
,hr
&& BtatG @$
k e_artremg*y
tg the
br
a;ta8
fils in
b4ilridu91
=painem
b
.
di.(rktr m dircctll elea
nrosaav
for their twritorp, Thr "p9-roll Fate.a
m t be a b B m e d i & uni&d
n
workegsf
o
America,
q
.
Seuc-rril dele
n the 8itmtim
ae-me%.t;zl 2aiag & strict
m
t;he ~ esrr. n
is
hmdJfd W
qo*iWtwGd@ 111 i ndugfn
a ndergone a stormy d;eVt~QPmcnt
B E - ~ Q ~ S ' armmats about c~mpafdfiaft r(aeen
b
cars# Orwfially highthe ~ ariau%fields. Their
Qr diistriot a g ~ l e ~ a i t m hdaring the past
~ J T~ r@niz*d, f r b~T Z kist 2me.tif:oUy ;&If
~
is f s m d d u3)on the de~ir-et a &id@ O w&rs.
&
They know Ekat if t hey can rees,2%bWt he system i ts wiL?ei@m. H ere sfid there i s a ~emmnt
af a!% &st& ~ tfjIr'~~lg the FW* are morkiig, of the 1ntl.tern;iPkgaI
whjIa
of Mine,
rSz;
the m e r of
Zfhiwd k f h g W ~ r b r i
bp.
farme-Jy
We&am Fedb a x d m-le lmiw 08Beall
aha' a tte+aand
.
of Mi
a pawesfa~ rmieatioa
o
@f the h s r w f a s &iFtriet q&rt!eopenta*ao m n &b
ay
There & aLo same sentimeat in the i g s p ~ t r ~
loluring &e big s ~rike,are agBats pf
emplwers
f or t he 1 W.W d thowh this body ha%ittle
.
.,
l
and traitor&$a a ~lr uma In t he early h 8.s
m
rnents weft! w d i : Betwetln Zadhidrsal ngemtwk a ad or .no .real o r ~ i = a t i a n ,ne a& H g Unirsn
- Q ;h
heal uniens, thea b~ stlb-bi&tr.riets, lrt by disMeks,. ~ k e w j s e ;rB a small gollqwmga .e
n
h
ipl
aoren
-
workers,
I
.
"
c GOmdttM
a
-
F
-
i
weatusllr hp I n@r-dfstri~ts~d 61salIr a n a h i ~ ~ a l
m
settlemaat aras arbvet3 at. 81 t b t w as prag~raemsin a11 agreed tIwt t he indazstrq. is now f s ~ s o l i n ~
1
t~ ~
the riBt d ireetia TB r etrmt naw $ram the gdn- a d f b t a s pledid o p ~ ~ ~ form r ip n i ~ ; a p.
c f ~ l ef national ogrttements ~ m j be a steg back- lion a s ~ t g - w n F- F"-,nnne, of Butte9 twas
o
d
ward and a disastrtracrs &stakeg tllerglly agreed rxpan as t he one man best
3. ~
~ O ~ a n g r a dm
~
am@&i$a: f t & iwILa11~~ CBpHe Of canducting OuL3hl .wlmpaiv, TIle
~
~
~
~
n=sxafy t b t pbns be laid to b rbg iatm t e mineDmiag ~ $ . ~ i ~ ~ &Bs linstmakd
~
@;anip8~tionhe great; am^ -.E)T_lrO-lt-unitw miners.
t
t c ~ o w h t 6 i e r it csrrild t o i n;awrate: a camd
D1xri-n~ e big # bike t hac taxverickt, w r a m w n ~
b
n*l o
tb one-tMrd a all d t l ~ r ~ hrwf~ned the c ~ u s P p ~ i f or a r ~ a ~ ~ i ~ aOi o n d brgachcs af
b
t,
p
t wn& l
with destrmtbn. Mort a thh u norpnimho has tlze metal miners,
f
'
3
,
.:
h'
Boot and S h a Trades
Del. Canter gave a partial report on the
oot and shoe industry of
e s tated that the propaganda
ion EducationaI League is
nd effect on the independent
u stry. B ut a short time tiewas for them to split and
different factions developed.
Now, however, due largely to the League's
work, a new spirit of solidarity is showing itself. The independents are getting together
t o f0r.m a n ew organization, t o be known as
the AmaIgamated Shoe Workers of America.
This body will start out with a fair-sized and
militant membership. Likewise, considerable
of the former bitterness against the A. F. of L.
union, a feeling bred from many unfortunate
experiences in the past, is now disappearing.
Instead of wanting to destroy the old organization, the sentiment is now developing for
an amalgamation with it. Sec'y-Treas. Foster
stated that he had received a very complete
report on the unions and recent struggles of
the workers in this industry, but unfortunately could not present it t o the .Conference because it had b ees seized by the police during
t he raid on the League headquarters. By a
motion, t he conference instructed the incomi ng National Executive Committee to get in
touch with the militant elements in the boot
and shoe industry, in order that a practical
plan of operation might be worked out to
produce the necessary solidarity among t he
demoralized workers i n t his i mportant indust rial branch.
Textile 1 d u ~ W
Sec'y-Treas. Foster reported that some t wo
weeks before the opening of t he Conference,
he had 'received a complete and authoritative
w rite-up of the complicated situation i n t he
t extile industry, but that report, like the
one on the boot and shoe industry, bad fallen
i nto the hands of the police, hence it could n ot
be presented to the Conference. Del. Canter
w as then called upon t o give a g eneral view
of the situation in the New England section
o f'the industry. He stated that the textile ind ustry i s one of the t wa m ast i mportant in
New England. There are a number of indea s well as the static a rganizapendent
tion affiliated t o the American Federation of
Labor.
same g et-together spirit manif esting itself in t he boot and shoe industry is
also a t w ork a mong the textile workers. The
need for a consolidation of the scattered forces
was strikingly illustrated in the great textile
s trikes. These were conducted pr.incipally by
the United Textile W orkere (A. F?
L.!,
of
21
One Big Union, and Amalgamated Textile
Workers. The One Big Union s ~ c u r e dquite
a grip in Lawrence, Mass. This is a radical
center, and has had a stormy experience w ith
unionism. In the early days the old United
Textile Workers had big strikes there. Then,
in 1912, came the historic walk-out of t he
I. W. W. A fter that, in 1919, t he Amalgamated Textile Workers succeeded in winning t he
support of the workers and leading them into
a big s truggle. And i n 1922, i t w as the One
Big Union to which they principally a ttached
their hopes in Lawrence. During the recent
strikes much jangling took place between the
rival organizations. This bitterness reached
the point w here the organizations picketed
each other's headquarters. Now due largely,
to League influence, a better spirit is developing a mong t hem. A b ig wave of amalgamation sentiment is spreading over the indhstry.
T he workers are tired of the old program of
s plitting away and forming new groups. They
now want t o affiliate together. So far this
amalgamation sentiment has not made the
best headway in t he United Textile Workers,
but the determination it3 t o see to it that tthe
militant workers penetrate this organization
a s well a s the independents, so t hat i t can be
infused with the new s pirit, On motion, the
National Committee was instructed t o t ake
the necessary steps to work out a definite plan
of consolidation in this industry.
Food Sndustry
T here being no delegates from this industry
present a t t he 'Conference, the discussion of
it was of a general character and inconclusive.
It w as recognized that t he broken-up condition of the unions, with several independent
organiza'tions o perating in competition with
the A. F. o f L, body, that the question of developing a united front is a real problem, one
that can a nly be worked out after a careful
consideration of the situation. Accordingly,
the National Committee was commissioned to
survey the industry and to get into t ouch
w ith ail the militant elements possible preparatory to enlisting them in a definite work
of bringing about solidarity and organization
of all branches of the food werkars.
Amusement Trades
No delegates being present from this indus- .
t ry, the same course was taken as in other industries where no definite survey was before
the conference. The matter was referred t o
the incoming National Committee to work out
a program. Del. W alker urged that the moving picture industry be given consideration
when such a p rogram was b d n g considered,
I
�THE L A B 0
and to attract the still outektndinp crafts, i t departmentalized itself along t he Haea 65 t he British
un-ions ment4oned above. The fallowing are the
departments
established: (1) Architects, engstineers, technicians, f ~ r e m m tsrvegers ; ( 3Zxcauas~
Z)
t i p workers, tunnel. workers, e t ~ (3). Building ma;
kari%l werkers, cement workers, brick makers, lime
M n workers, quarry m en; (4) Stone cutters, stone
setters, rammers and pavers, asphalt workers ; ( 5)
Elricklayers, masons, plasterers, t ite layers, concrete
workers, m m i c workers ; (6) Trades eugagged in t he
instiillation for betit, O h t and w ater; (7) Carpent e n and other wood workers; (8) Rocifera and C h i ney s weqers; ( 9) Paintem a& ddccorstora.
The German Bnilding Trades F ederadm is now
carrying QB a a~goa~orrs
campaign far contgIete amalgamatioe s t he several w arts still otrts&nding
f
Some of tbaq notably t he painters1 have voted to
go along m*th t k proposition. B at tBa carpgnfers,
a re the brg strunbling block. T h& a f c k % a re fighting t he prapasitian t w t h and nail, But t he heads
Worrsrr' union , '<
of t he a m ~ I p t s a t e dqrm-tiam
s t r ~ c arrying on
the campaign for solidarity r e w d f e s s of them. AIready they have succeeded i witmizag tke swppart
n
trf many of the local orpniZa*ns
of carpentars,
Recently thieir official psper declared: ""The cause
of delay toward amalgamation h a generaUy beea
t he permnal a ppodtioa af u ~imn fgEia1~. Amalga0
m a t h m o t e q e , i f not with t h m tkm 38 spftc
s f .f&mpn
A a s h OF
Pion
As gar% as W3 t he
greater sofjdatity
amang the. bullding t rades werkms prras e ~itlcnfand
Drl. 0 Sl Tolemoe s ameedd in b v i n g the lie8ttlc
.
f
Convention 00 t he B 1 i Trades
d dw
*
t he A, F, of L m dorsc the pzineipl
.
tion in a r e s o l u l i ~calling f a t he fusion of t he
many building trades unions hto s;k g ~oupr,uiz,
B das~ngsaup, Iron p u p , P ipe F itting and Power
group, Building FMshirsg group, and Woad WorWng
proup. Nad this tmolutioa beea put into e E~et, he
t
whole history of t he building tr8des 8trug.gle would
have been differeat, But a s it was not, we have suff m d it~cording1y. W hat w e m est do now is t o
proceed aabstamtk11y a hng t h e lines indicsted .by.
t he Seattle r eaalwha, hy jdjoiaing all t he buiirl'mg
&ad@ anions i nto one body cansiatine: a ef anumber
f
of S P C C ~ dm&ptmmts, besed upon t he same
J~~~
prinezples as tkose crf tfsc Eump.erm unioas abave
noted. W peoposs the PallwIreg graapTng of the
e
trades ia these d qrPtments, n ss s blue prigt prop&
osition to Be followed maetb* but as an hdieation
o the general w ursc t o be r % k a Wbt?atmr two
f
srpnizzrtioas have w t e d f ar ~ml@mt;m,
these
two ahauld irnmediatelp jpin togsthw and s et the
example f or the others, TIIS pramad depvtrnents
am:
I
I
I;\
(1) Enifding M ~ t e r h I gpt., b rhlanakw, qngrry
D
ments in colamon would be simplified an& conducted wurkers, m o e l it workt;rs,
mea; (23 B ddinjg
Finisheke aad M a i n t e a a o ~frepr, painters, paper
hangers, demzators, g hzlers, art glass wrctrkers, eomp ositbn tiaafers, asphalt, slate a ~ l d le m.aofers, janid
tors, Clkaatw m ratars, frank d esner$, d ~ i ~ l d o ~
6 Through smglgamation a solid basis could be - h e r s ;
.
0 r l\tr&wI UYiLsg a nd General La1
established f ar t he sociatiartion of the building inBept:* ggehert~ll ah~mrhwreckers, sewer and
t urn& minftrs, tmmstm#;
Wmd 'Working Dept.,
carpent ws, cabinet ma&=, lathers* pile drivers
(5) Pipe Fitting. and P awer Depk, asbestos workers
electrical workera, f ixtam hangers, kclisting ensin-
-
�e r ~ i b n vements, the organization of the h i l w a y
w
bows and arrows.
EmpbyeesP Department, the agreements behveen
the f oar Brothsthoods, a d now the consolidation
af t he $ of li. 3 . with t he B. of L3.& & W e must
o
3
fall i nline with t h 9 process and reco&niZc its inessa$&&lle onCtWn, which is one union f ar all tailc
Po+$ wmkgr9, : O w task is to work ce;rsclessly for
;ta eer%''st$tg?~ i ndst upon the amalgamation
ofs'fhi: se&Wm ~ ilpoad otims into one mighty, allu
.*
helusixe 'orga&zation.
Swme B d 5 of A dzamation
&fan$ advantages would c s m ~ o t he workers
t
itlirewh a generot merger of t he sixteen w iona
Chief of .these, of course, would be f ar g pwtsr in&strial power. Amalgamated ~rganizationsa re alwaps infinitely- stronger than federated bodies. The
p e a t war furdished a striking illastratian of this ~ ~ ~ c i p A e first tbc Allied a rmia operated praclt .
ticallp' a s otltanamous' wits, Rut there was too
much confusiaa and too tittle ~ w e r ,l h m ~ressp
ure won forced thsm t o f ederate' But even fhi-s
did not give the smaoth working m e c h ~ m ecn
essary €0 concerted action and t n h a P O W .
So finally, when it seemed as if the qar was almost
lost, they all had to amalgamate into one body o lder
one general staff, This brought results. Thereby ,
the streqgth of t he combined armies was treoled or
quadrupled, and the fate of the h t r d Empires
was sealed. Bnd s o it would be were t he railmad
unions amalgamated; their present strength is hard- .
b an indication of what their s e a t might &en
would be. It would be the: old r tory over again of
the strxnds of hemp, which, while separatk, art
easilp broken, but which, bound together i nto a
-rope, a n n o t be tofu asunder. Comple'te s a@ &l m
tion would give the railroad workers many times
the power of the przsrrnt m ift unions. Anoth.er irapbrtant benefit of amalgkmation would
be the elimination of jurisdictional disgqte3 betweea th* failsoad trades, For years these internecine q wrels, a cancer of the labor mavm@,
have sucked the life-blood of railroad Labor, while
the companies have chuckled i glee. But amalma
mation, the broad highway t a solidarity, WDuld p at
a speedy end to them. Once the railroad workers
w e all in one argxmimtion, there would never again
be s e w t he sad spectacle of oae group of trades
working while the rest are striking. That disgrace
would be gone forever.
! US& Ehe SopP
f
d
i
We must look the situation squirely in the face
and act accordingjy. There ia one way, and one
w ar only, in which we can defeat the offsndte of
the companies, and that is to develop our full power
by thoroughly uniting o w own forces. We must
bring about unity d action a m n g t he entire army
of railroad workers, from the mgineer to the section
hand. Like the employers, we will have to act as
a solid body all over the country. To do this requires iplperatively t hat we draw together our s mttered a ~ divided forces into one .enormous organization of all c Ias~esof railroad workers. Such, a
gigaalotic combination w odd Pot only st09 the "open
shop" drive of the compaaies, but it would also nnable the y orkers t o forge ahead to new Conquests,
I t would 'be invincible. With t he I M railroad'
m)
,O
wprkers standing unikrd and making common came
tagether, there would be no industrial power 14 the
-try
a b h to w iWtan4 them. The creation of
t h b powerful organizatioq would begin a new era
of accomplishment8 not only for r d r o a d workers
but for the whole k bor movement.
Such a great railroad union would B sti'ictb
e
feasible. Tbe employers have been able t o combine the financial and technical sides of the industry.
Surely, thea, the workers have the iatel&ence t
o
S wItdUi~, E,
&
*
lZacme~sap
unite the human side of it. Indeed, the best proof
A f urther advanwge of sxna&asmtion would be
t hat i t can he done, is the f act that in many coun- the practical %il*
of dual u nio~ism. The longtries the railroad workers a re already organized in rtanding tendency of s e c h s of workers splitting
single grwt unions covering. every eategofg of the o g from the unions a nd starting l m b odie~i a
a
s
service. All that is needed is the will, and a little serious menace, It ha* weakened the n nbns m atk rse sense. Yet the thing must be gone at intelli- l by withdrawing tliowands s g o d w o r k s E
y
f
r
m
gently. To simply desert t he old uaions and to tr;r them. So seriocls is this menace that same day, un. to or@tl$e o e n d a perfect o ~mnization,s a fatal less it is ch%cked,i t may burst forth int0.a devastati
mistake. That way lies dualism, &ruption, and ing confizgration t hat will destroy railroad uniondemoralhatioa W e mqst act ia accordance plrith ism altegetbex. D u d unionism is peculiarly a distrade m ion evolution, We must stay in our crld ease of craft unionism. E\gy t he most p art i t is a
unions and work d iligedy t c~merge them together striving, however ill-advised, for greater solidarity.
through amalgamation. For almost forty pears the Amalgamatian, by achieving this solidarity, would
railroad organkatians, in a hundred d i e r e n t ways, d edroy the vwtry foundations of dualism. The launchhave been gradually uniting their forces and ex- ing of a general a malgamath would be the signal
panding their fight*
front. Their ultimate, in- for most, if not all, s f the independent organizaevitable goal is a solid organization of all workers tions to j oin forces wt it.
ih
'in the railroad industry. That is the real m n i n g
Still another advantage of a ~ l g a m a t i o nwgutd
of the developmwit of the system and &vision fed- be great financial economies in t he operation of the
.
. .L '
L
'
�THE LABOR HERALD
P R O C ~ S SOF A M A L G A M A T I O N
FIGURE 1-PRESXNT
FIGURE 2-FIRST
STATUS QF UNfONS
STAGE O F AWALGAMATIQN
FIGUaE S-mNfi STAGE OF AMALGAMATION
�_,a
'
-
.
28
THE LABOR
t he companies, and which would have cgotrol of
their strike activities. The greater part of their dues
they would pay into t he
union, a s-it
be the most active in their behalf, but they .wuuld
also continue to pay a portion of them into t he old
c raft unions, to help fi;qaqce t he l atter ih t heis battle
t o m aintab good conditions for these trades in other
industries. T hat is to say, they w oild - have a
double affiliation, belodging t o both t he rafioad industrial union and to thail: respective c raft worn,
t o correspond to their double interests a s &&bad
workers and of
who a re likely a t a ny
time t o be workiqg in other industries. This F'inciple i s in harmony with the best practice a ll over
' the world in working o ut this problem Insfead of
injuring the type of unions of which only one p q t
of t he membership work on t he railroads, t he mal@mation proposed would actually s trength= them.
There a re
a@@;ainstmalgamaa
tion, but there are a hundred reasons in favor of ii.
the
On the
even the
have
gain by =rering
their S~~~~~ Organizations. F urther Progress of railroad workers
a s a whole depends upon t he realization of a penera1 a malgamadon,
*"
-
,
i
''
HOWto Bring About Amalgamation
,
,
-*
-.
H ERALD
Septqbber, 192%
I
h p l t t i n g the & y l g m S o n
-.
F3gur.e ~ 'indicatnst he s itwtion
* ~ u l d py;t?el
a&er t he sixteen executives had been combhe* i nte
0°C body*
d one thi: r est d & .:iekB
fi2-j t he m s i ~ of +he amaL;;r=,@xn
n
$ff%&
4
~ ~ O U aItlifi6ations <af t he organizationsZ,&&@& p rorS
ceed in a slow a nd oal'id$d faSb30n.
bmissio~
m ight b e ap@~tt?d t o c o n d ~ ~ t " i &~ .
b r%duall~t he
d aboxate organizing . f ~ c t swo&%%e joined .tog e & ~nto-.oa.e m e c h h s a a nd-the many journals
i
c~mb@t?d"into one ,powetful publication. Likewise
t he system- and division 'federations would be
c h n g e d a nd expanded in ~ ccordancewith the new
refatib4ships. B 'u~m ost f mportant of all, t he bar';en between the various cdosely related t rades
woi.'ld be gradually dissolyed, mtionally and locally,
a nd t he number o f d e ~ a r ~ a reduced. A t first,
ts
a s we have pointed out,
sixteen organizations
could a ct a s so many &partments o f t he genera1
organizatioe B~~ as the amblgamation became perfected a nd t he t rades came t o know a nd understand
each other better, maay of these departments could
be merged to good advantage. l-he ~~~i~~~~~and
F iremSqndght be combined into one department;
t he Goadnctors, Trainmen and Switchmen into a no ther; and as fast as the metal trades unions amal' gamated nationally their respective departments in
t he railroad unions would be consolidated accordingly. Eventually the number of departments could
be reduced probably t o a s low a s s k , viz-: En&=men; Train Service; Train Control; Office, Station,
F reight and Express; Mechanical Trades ; a nd Maintenance of Way.
29
'
I
LnD:
-
That we f avor the amalgamation
covering
the entire railroad
+
.
to
I
p ut this amalgamation into efFect.
411 Dakota Building,
St. Paul, Minnesota.
ac
r:
T he actual amalgamation of t he sixteen railroad
unions will involve a great amount of preliminary
educational w ork T he membership generally must
be made to clearly understand w hat the project
means. W hen t his is done, they will be f or i t wholeh eartedy. T he tactical goal of this educational camp aim should be the calling of a general convention
FkYure 3 illustrates t he completed amalgamation,
of the railroad unions, a t which all of them should
W e make no claim that it is absolutely exact in
be merged i nto one
body. ~h~ diagrams
a ttached herewith will help us t o understand some detail. Experience may demand its modification i n
of the moves t hat t he convention w ouldpobably . certain minor respects, s uch a s. changes in t he fineup of the groups in the varfous departments, o r in
have to makc
t he manner of election or the number of members
F igure 1 shows t he Present unorganized s tate of on t he executive council. But t he general principles
our unions. Even a glance a t it demonstrates clearly of t he plan will stand. T he system of one union of
how i l l - ~ r e ~ a r e d e railroaders a re to make a several departments, each ,containing two or more
w
united fight. T hink of t rying t o map out a unified related trades, and with one executive council covpolicy agilinst t he solidly organized companies ering t he whole organization, is the only possible
t hrough t he tnedium of sixteen d ifferent executive means for t he railroad workers t o develop the soliboards, a utonomou~and independent of each other,
a nd unity of action necessary t o cope suesave for faint "understandings" among the Brother- cessfuIly with the mighty a m b i n a t b n of railroad
hoods a nd the unsatisfactory alliance of the shopmen in the Railway Employees' Department. This
thing is impossible on the f ace of it. So long as
If all the sixteen unions cannot be induced to go
such an unscientific condition exists, the railroad into t his project simultaneously, a s many as posworkers will never be able to pat up a united front sible ahould b e brought in. The plan fits partial
against the companies. The first task of t he amalga- amalgamations as well as a complete merger. If
mation convention would be to end ahis deplorable only a few of the t rades a gree at first to amalgas tate of affairs by literally breaking down the walls mate, they can go right ahead organizing themselves
between the executive officers of the various ulions. on t he departmental plan and awaiting the time
I t,would have to provide for the election of an when the rest see the light and come in to comexecutive csuncil t o represent all the trades, and plete t he organization. In fact, we should do m eryt o consist of two or three members from each or- thing possible to further all movements to close up
ganization participating. This would bring about the ranks of the railroad unions. Movements to conunity in the administration and enable the workers solidate t he Brotherhoods and t o bring them into
to stand together as one body. Merging the execn- the A. F. of L t o amalgamate the metal trades, to
,
tives would in itself constitute half of a malgam- s trengthen t he Railway Employees' Department by
tion. W ith that accomplished, the sixteen organ- giving it more money and authority, etc., should be
izations temporarily could be left practically intaCt, b e heartily encouraged as s teps i n the right dircceach to function as a department in the gcneral tion. But in doing such detail work we should never
railroad union, and each maintaining its own stand- forget our ultimate goal of eventually bringing all
ard of dues, benefits, e t a
t he existing railroad unions into a joint convention
YOU
were secession movements
organizations which had no
. ;The
m ass
O N TNIS PROP-
regoing amalgamation
n1a.n a t the earliest possible dzte, and to this end
it advocates the following practical measures :
I . T hat amalgamation committees shall be
on an intensive work
1
,
C
'
the present craft unions
Likewise you must discount & arguments Of
those who say that federation is the highest t ype
of organization. Now, federation is all right so far
i goes. ~t has done much to acquaint t he trad=a
!
with each other and to teach them that they have
a common fight to make. But it is only a n intermediate stape between t he primitive staft. of c raft
isolation and that of the final amalgamation of all
trades. W e must go on beyond federation and actually join all our unions together. That is the inevitable course of labor development. This is corning t o be better and better recognized. Within the
last couple of months the Chicago Federation of
L abor together with scores of other central bodies
and hundreds of local unions, have endorsed the
~t their recent couvetlof
tions, t he International Typographical Union and
the Brotherhood of Railway Clerks did the same.
Likewise the B. of L. F. & E. have just decided t o
fuse with the B. of L. E. M any other organizations
will soon take the same course. Amalgamation is
now t he greatest issue before Railroad Labor.
Amalgamation is the only effective answer Railroad Labor can make to the "open shop" drive. Indeed, t he issue is clear and sharp. F or us i t is either
amalgamation or annihilation. Which shall i t b e?
It is up to you to determine. W e are confident of
your decision.
Discuss this matter in your meetings; take it UP
through your international journals; instruct Your
officers and delegates to work for amalgamation
wherever they may be; have your local unions, local
federations, system federations, division o rganka-
'
T hat the thousands of local unions,
system federations, etc. that have endorsed the
plan insist
the
of all the c raft
union journals to a discussion of amalgamation.
3. T hat a special weekly publication be
established to &rry on and systematize the
propaganda f or amalemation of the railroad
unions.
4. T hat vigorous efforts be put forth looki ng to the taldng of referendum votes in
the respective railroad unions for the calling
of a general railroad a m a l v t i o n convention.
1f these meanrres are
intelligently
and aggressively i t will be only a short while
until the great body of sentiment for a3nakgV-mtion now existing among the railroad workers is
amplified and organized so that it will lead direedy to the achievaent of the inevitable and
indispensibie goal of the merging of all the railroad unions.
2
.
-
T he ~ ppearance o f T E ~ . B O RH'RAL~ ww
~
deloYed by €he police r aas, in addition t o the
delay c awed by amaa'ting the results of the Not iond Conference. Readers w ill pardon the %aaz~oidableinconvenience,
yest
that
fiothirzg but f i y t h ~fitef'ferefzceo f the same kind
i
w ~ Z Z c ame delay i% the ficture.
�-
'i
l
q?
i
*
-
a-
THE L A B O R H E R A L B
Jj
#&I
P attern
r$* W
t
Workerr. E k r l r i d G o r h q
E bvator %stewtor&
pundry Ekaplweest S tatimam &
I
gineers, S ationary Fireman; ;FdetaJ PolisheseI Stov: Mounter%
Auto and Atr Craft ~ b & e r s . M ecbnicd Eusrgmeers and
Draftsmem* Jewelt~l W wkds, W ~ t e k aik~lrftd many other
M
organi-aatbnsunions, nw r ais a hundred and 'me W erent ways
All t aese of s i o i mgortsncc.
s imu~taneousi~, reate Cbafusion worse amfcru4dc.d. C h c
tlgde* f or a moment a g mup of atusieisna, 4 t h v b l b q drums;
horns, chrionets, harps, belle. etc.. and, soeb perfarmer
- f+
p e m usk, orihilut ~wi h e r r o 8 d
E it, q
t t i m hmevw he
-.
I teel Workm.
S
E k s&inery a n& z n&e
BuW&~
Under such circnmsltonces
insane asvlum.
'ktd ane union **kin&
t hs o thers stay
a pj~gli, and n evw r imperatlag on
when & q_saqe
ia a fi&t amthpsrelvcu.
'
t m l v f o r %a
waft d a a i s m
b would be able tp
far more
Ts 'jq a s f&h,
at& craiifts
E Y~w.
L.
helisvable.
The '~"arbua ewer waft @~a# whtch a*mdmmgted i nto
$
the Germ& Metal Workma' T m %a& r muitiwde of inM,
t o s uch a m ibn: s urancr and f r a t 4 f wiku~er. Te mcnlttserate a ll t ke &@'~cwute
.*
+ercnS $cheers8 r rS due% prern%uraa, mm~$wd unemploymwrt
f
Wwrights
beaefits, a& a f W a mule makk 8nr+ dirrsy- Y t t hem w r m
e
~ c w p.Lc0i. P w a h R Dluinf..~
l
all hatsdlc4 wfthaut the l u s t W m b , 4
lees t han halY
Bgolskrs, l r a s g h ZCC.
,
I z8,Wl
the atigiaal d
a a wanrte fmteraat bmmfit deP attern X akers
%'f,EtO
p&xbment, B m
uggest that A mdcon brains are
BIackglshi.~ht, For* -B&mnpzr, ddern
W
E Zla4ZI
g r Of inkl&ent m g m h a e w ?
~~
B oil~1wIrws
T&WS
T
tb
EItr:tr%aaa
~ , ~ 6 4 he objkstiara fh& o ~ ~ a l g a x n a 05 the metal taa&r a d
w d d spLiP t he craha a d brwk asunder
M etd BlI$hErs, B e e f $ , Grindera
#@,'1135 raQroad t r&g
of 1 8 . k ~ . i s rWculotis. T gp
Wet% Tmdm &.preakjees
,
. BII.691 variDus a aturd -binst-Lons
wortld
J twelrx Workera ail w ades
R T M metal workers, oa tPLE railigsdw fm O ~ ~ U ~ O E ,s till be
members of the m e 4 wbrkezrr' d o n . B ut t h y weald also
S trtionsry .E d n e e r s
=,DM
l
S tafianrm F&?men
t191191SIG b e afL%ia+ed with ~ m f h d wwdwxr' d m , pisyhg mrt
Crammen
gT,@m sf tseit dues into b ath o r ~ 4 a t h n s . %e acwuple: mae&ini sts and blacksmiths laiaghg 8 m ntract s heg and gaing on
A r r t d a l e Faciory, s hi-skilled
&bkg,%l$
Oa a railread t a w k , would merely t wmsf~t. nto a local Qf
i
G unsmitb
4W
,
t he r a S d department, ond t hrre~ftei; instead of d tbei
l
Semi-Sidled ecSechan:es
% Tk,I69
Urccbbery Oilers
M,UB dues &ng to t$e m eial.wurkrr, p art wrmtrI be pakt t o the
f allwad workers. Tkey wotild becow* p art pf the r a i a d
&signers, Drrr.ftm& & Inventof-s
76,081
h dustry, and whii t here would be subject t o tfi8 jurFadf&m
Y ~ c h a n i c d& Efectrical Ragineers
&$'fa4
bdcrcltnral k alcmeea Emgloyeep
IQJM a+ t he railmad workms* u d m s a hr as s trikes a re canf
Car *,
semi-skixed and k lpew
161.6Zb7 ccpned. Bat they w d d b e primaaily t gembvs o thk metal
arerkem' m ian. B ath wtd w urkerd anion and railroad
Ship Buil4ing. semi-sMUd a d helpers
f182
6.&
w a r f r ~ vpawld be hbentfitted b~ ssab a n arrangeBnEnt
s~~
IW dt Steel Pactorp, s e ~ - W e d8r b elper~..
4,6
%87
-SC
.U&
sat spccifi~~
s a,nz
Jl Pbra Ot Ae'$b.r
!31,6@3
ElesW SuppIy FaoOorh, asmi-sk&d
AmnIgraraariaa shaUld bkeomt a b urning qseation in t he
Ofher Itletol factory, a tnt-rlrilled
14518
order of bueinesa st
hal
Tinware factories, s m i - s w e d
86.981
Lead a 3 Z n factofits, s erai-eMW
m ic
W.891 trades. BI QFK&~.~SDI[WI ha*
ana on recoxd.
B tass Idill help
16.961
AII delegates wrr t e d e m lrsve tand
should be L s t c t & fdr+ he
b
P a t e r s in metal. Bwtorics
K0.866
c ~svegEionsgo an record
Cbpprsr Fact6sy Help, all l&f#r
18.879
far a mzilgamatia A ll c a~tdkktteg a r i a t t m a t i o d officers
Shaal_Wcwkers, Fuenaee men, B rneWs men, H ~aters,
should be forcod to vaicc
posit'ion on t he age&aa
L&s.
P ourerr Puddlem Blaat Furmaw L adlua,
When two or mare unions
on r e c o d favorably, LmPacdmte
&a faurmce semi-skilled &b, Eolkta, Roll
a ctim s hodd bb takm to a t hat t hep m ndgomat~ 'EMS
m
&nde, &meaIs:rs and T empmz&
421.88P
w i l l help mave t he more backward organfsatiaos lata getion.
b
d
GMnd m a 1
&4?@,182 Let amaIg~~laXfDne the qcrestion t t he lime.
Metal tradesmen! P rog~esss ells you k3 actiea CUE-These-bi!&w df w wkers a re not a r g a W btca%tss we
me 8o blind th&t qei have not ye% ematmehad w r m t
g
d
t rstian o capital, i nduatrhl develogmcnt, a re mopfag b r f
i pmelmt rader tlll&c se khat as9: mn be; argraPacd O w UIlitedi w a d w ith kerriffe speed. - S tep an the
m d mter
thia t rwi tiies ~ ~ u have ruEh m u r s tssngth matiog. W o@ tfle bu&y road of w f t
ld
t b t t hey mala sooh p u.
end forever to i he damaabZr oon- t g?n *he bra& beulevard of departmentalked fadu$tt.id
d i t h s wn&w $%ti& M d *t racks workers as a Etas& a a live. U U W ~ S l n .
nn
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-
Program of the Needle Trades *
h t ' o period when t he workiag dams is bbiag dealt heavy,
m s h i n g bloffs by the a rmgant exploiters; %he&'t he upions
M bs partly gowupt end gsasrally cok%t=dh o=ciaIs %re
s u-~nbhig a n& oRcr motbey to the o$.illau@ts of tBe eapit e s t class, the Trade Union Edueotional h a m I? the only
Bepe far a r f g c a ~ t a t fsf tlte h n i e x m tr$de unto0 m we@
m eltThe League is unitiag in i ts raafts thc d l i t l m t m rkers
r o d a11 t trdes; t host edeqwts wbo alone ase wil%g ond
i
-
--
+
:
2
e qdale of reor&anizinq:' t h ~ ~ ~ ~ b m
p w r of resistance.
t d pro@am d
crying need of t he movement. fb is a bsolnhb rt&t whea
i t M a r e s &at t he labor meverp.Cnt ia E O I I ~ pi-hhM
O~
t he
alternative af a m a l p m a t h #r annihik*
In the r rrnsgle a gahst t he reaction'ary ICBdemw. Of t he
Wnnaricazi t rade union raovement, t31E mrima af the needle
trades c m play a n Emgortani rob. m m p a s d rn they w e
af a more c l a s s - c ~ i o ~ ad militant &msnt, they s &wd
ps
set an inspiring uEampk tcr m rkcrs l &her iadustriea.
a
Before t bis cag be accomplishad, hawuvcb. t b troir)ar themm-
�TAE
L ABOR
NERQLD
TLz L ~ h Herald
r
realize that they
labor movement
trades section o
I s necessary for those who seek
Facts About the American Labor
Movemen
a re for amalgamakian becaus1:
eigde of "one shop, one union" tB
The probl&nrr and .interests oE
F or example:
An enemy, B absonJs S tatistical C orporatio~z,finds it advantageous to subscribe to T HE LABOR
HERALD.
These expert advisers of the capitalist class want
to knqvy&e facts-and they know where to g&
them. k . a
w h e r our interests.
A friend, The L abor Bureau, keeps T H ELAB
file for reference on questions of
industrial unionism, and the trade union leftwing movement These expert advisers to the
labor movement also know where to get the fact
Federation-as proposed by =me of the m ion offio-ials, F a g
o r -may n ot be a atel, foiward I n the case Bf t he t yp~cal
Arrjerican c raft union. Sn t he case of t h e peedle workers,
4 0tever; i t is n et a
forward. What 3s necessary, and
w b t the s ituatba demands, is a closeiy k nit m%icatiw of
all. t h e ,needle trades.
h algamaii+n of the needle trades will increase t he s,trew&x
T
of t.eneral o rgabatiatl e r~~ilpouslp. n times of kndus
kg
st&e in a ny departgneot, t he emplpyets will bl f&eP
a n a r r w of power m determinat'iw ts win W E& t he
a
q n&as now, a eting e epa~atdy- o mot ~ Owess. m &tire
d
e
mmal and h anaial e remgth
n dons wovId be thrown
on t&c s& of t he vfozkers, a %svng/ t8%1 &toryIofeove& a?~al$lr~lati.onsf all *hei n e e wades in'to one s did
strw@€@n the l iedla %*ades themselves
. mipn nqif!I net
b h e @e pa&way $or the axnaI&amtZon gf aU the
bar
Wt@r cm#t Uni.aas in othiw i ndll6es.
.m
? & eramized- oq tbe
(59e a m ~ 3 l e 3 4 d ne,We
.
b aas of t he pl"e-setit kea of ,f1~191en, s uch a s ia&esY gartrrents d epartmwt, me-'@ eiothing workers, f wries, capmakars, etc.* with o ne ' s a ~ afsuld ared m e c entral s taft in
~'
t h e s atimal a b e , m andistrict s o m & of d t rades in &vh
l
distisi~t-would cIhiin&$e asti% d~P&atdO? of eBort, over@
l amiag,of dinin?f:t$ation, an5.d k & e t he wp generally more
tp
e %ettve.
T e W g about i&ts a m d c w a & a ithe ~ @ t ~ f t s~ every
i
m
t s agxtate for the
=
bcM union in t he ia&w&w ast $&
calling of a special convpnt%pac 8 € %a
&
&
&s in t he needle
tra6es. wGeh shall brmpMe w t e p k s f or amalgamatia?.
Replrsttntation qt suc& a t%tv6nt.m% s h d d be on the basts
of at least one delegate b r s veq. &OW ?-bet?.
,
saolp r JeIw s:*
Tke preisent fbsm bf lorn1 ox&ati00
i t he needle h a d e s
n
hair outlived its u d t h w a a@d tea n o langer )serve &e
h
purposes of t ailitaet uni-n!.im. The urrPnernirs ?awl d ivlei~ns
tens t o cause dbse-nsion in,+& ~wkpof the workers and
a .&evelop in thaal, a sgi* ~f 10caI patiie%ism which i s
m
detrimental to the worker4
w l d ~The local d o n a s
t he &it of o rgsnhation @@.bt.j$ave served a useful p.ntpose
when t& unions were $t
@
- g o a d aod i he m%mbrship
small Bgt now the loa2 unions are f argab x pliical clubs
and m srly. Beless. Us~d.Uy a T WW api%%. a membership of
10,000 FWI boast of no better atteadance at- *stjngs
then
2
die
.
.
'
i s our s l o w .
~ onso~idadon ~ ~cals;-~h+rq: re entirely ~o many loqal
of
a
uaions & t he needle t zada. We stand for the utu"ficatilm I
04 aU t he l a d s of one craft, such a s operators, p~ess~r&Dc.,
e
a d a a11 t he lucala of w e trade, 4 wh a s wt makers, dress
f
maEers, etc.
Employment B~fca=a:-We a dvwate t he estahlishamnt d
v w~1oymaet b m&as in t he enicms of t he n m e t ra&s to
e@~h&e t he p r t r s u a cute competition of t he w&ers when
they a q 1 ?~ the shops f or j obs advertised in the newsgapera.
f
"f'Iaie W @ve .tha unions cmtPoI over the jabs In the &&usD
I
t3i, a s already has heen d amnatrated ky the &nakam.&t-ed
iClothhg* Workers.
Shop Chairmtn i.n an A d t i i ~ r yCapaeit7:-Realhiag
t bat
o d y t h e u g h t he ~s@bIishlllent Elf t he shvp delegate spsteqx
can the present evils j . our unions be tlimisatfed, ahd a s a
n
step in that d irectin, we adveeate {be cstabli&ment of a
shop chairman b ~ d yto meet W guIarb md t o a ct io a n advisory capacity in t he unions. We will a b support all pror
gressive measures in the uniona, such as =pall of oEiccrg.
rcferwdums, .proportions9 ~ ~ r e s e n t a t i o o t&e h j g h r u nits
ts
of the orgamxgtion, elc.
Injunctions:-The
h e x i c a n labor m o ~ e m w t since 'Its
These illustrate t he growing interest in the
offered by THELABOR ERALDmeet t he burning questions
H
to
before the trade unions. A little light is showing in the dark
ness of the American movement, and all sides now realize that
'
THELABOR ERALD
H
is
T he One Indispensable Magazine
if they wish t o keep a finger on the pulse of events. It is the
only journal of its kind on the continent. You will h e plzd
that you sent i yoar subscription.
n
.
;
"
*'
d
r
HERALD
118 No. La Salle St., CMmgo, Ills,
I HE
LABOB
Enclosed f ind money order for
$2.50
7‘25
for
W I I ~11
-
�
������������������
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
33fe3b61-6b1f-4c76-92dc-2470124bf9b5
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_redevelopment_research/246/ms039_Janick_feinson_DPT1980_001.pdf
f93218f6b96d8836090d8352d45afb64
PDF Text
Text
\
DANBURY PRESERVATION TRUST
43 Main Street
Danbury, Conn. 06810
June
Mr. Abe Feir.son
Feinsons
Mens Store
293 Main Street~
Danbury,
Connecticut
Dear
2,
1980
06810
Abe:
In the short
time that
we have been working
to~ether
to
revit~lize
downtown Danbury
si~nificant
progress
has been made.
The conference
on hi.toric
preserv~tion
focused
attention
on
our ~o.il,
and de11ons tra ted Mayor Dyer's
commitment
to preserv
.i.tion
a& the
fundamental
tool
for Main Street
renewal,
a co~~itment
th.it
he and Boo Ste1nber~
have re-emphaiized
in sug.equent
private
meetin~s.
The Chamber of Commerce has played
a stron,
role
in
or~anizational
efforts.
The fact
that
a sizable
number of bu&iness~en
responded
to the call
for leadership
a·nd financial
support
for the
Downtown Council
is heartenin,.
At this
time when the public-private
sector
partnership
is
beinr; formed, I think
tha.t it is appropriate
for the Danbury
Preservation
Trust
to reiterate
its
desire
to be an inteiral
part
of the Council,
and to contribute
its
expertise,
ener,ie.,
and
fundin~
sources
to the success
of the croup.
Dr. Truman Warner,
a Trust
Board member,
and I would be the Trust's
representatives
om the Council's
Boaroo.
I also
want to share
with you a position
paper
th.it
the Trust
recently
submitted
to the Mayor and the Chamber.
It outlines
~hat
we think
is a con.tructive
s~t of prioritie.
for actio~
by the Council.
I hope that
you and other
Main Street
bu.iness ■ en can
support
it as
the Council'•
work proiram
for the next twelve
months.
�
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Title
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Letter from President of Danbury Preservation Trust
Creator
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Janick, Herbert F.
Description
An account of the resource
Letter to Abe Feinson of Feinson's Men's Store
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
1 page
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1980
Subject
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Danbury (Conn.)
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DANBURY PRESERVATION TRUST
\3 Main Street
Danbury, Conn. 06810
June 2, 1980
Mr. Abe Feir.son
feineons Mens Store
293 Main Street:
Danbury, Connecticut 06810
Dear A be:
4
In the short time that we h ave b een working together to
revitalize downtown Danbury significant progress has been made.
The conference on historic preservation focused a ttention on
our f oal, and d emonstrated Mayor Dyer's c ommitment to preservation
as the f undamental tool for Kain S treet r enewal, a coeiaititent t hat
he and Bob Steinberg h ave re-emphaSized in subsequent private
meetings. The Chamber of Coamerce has played a strong role in
organizational efforts. The fact that a sizable n uaber of businessmen
responded to the call for leadership and financial support for the
Downtown Council is heartening.
At this tiae w hen the public-private sector partnership is
being f ormed 1 think that it is appropriate for the Danbury
Preservation Trust to reiterate its desire to be an integral part
of the Council, and to contribute its expertise, energies, and
funding sources to the success of the group. Dr. Truman Warner,
a Trust Board m ember, and I would be the Trust's representatives
on the Council's Board.
I also w ant to share with you a position p aper t hat the Trust
recently s ubmitted to the Mayor and the C hamber. It outlines what
we think is a c onstructive set of priorities for a ction by the Council.
I h ope t hat you and other Main Street businessmen can support it as
the Council's work program for the next twelve months.
Sines-rely y «oure,
•
r. H ,.rbe.rt J anick
President, DPT
C'
�
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
a76a65f4-90bb-40bd-97f9-da6b91bc1c40
Danbury Redevelopment
Preservation
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_Industrial_Corporation_Records_MS050/390/ms050_dis_vol_i.pdf
d4ecd782e1b9a081ac9a446235e2b550
PDF Text
Text
TAKEN
�I NDU S T RI AL
A N A L Y SIS
and
SUR V E Y
of
DANBURY , CONNECTICUY.
Prepa.red by the
ASSOCIATED INDUSTRIAL SERVICE
of New York .
Under the direction of
Charles Lansing
Industrial Commissioner.
****
�TABLE OF CONTENTS
•
Submission of Report to Chamber of Commerce
Industrial Survey
Practical Uses of Industrial Survey
Industrial Maps
Indu.tries of Danbury--Indexed
Industries --Indexed--Numerical
Work of an Industrial Bureau
Forms used in survey
Recommendations and suggestions
Fostering small industries
Securing new industries
Investigation of Industires--Analysis Blank
Industrial Pay Roll
New Industries-Maps for 1917
City Plan for Danbury
City Planning Map
Buying at home
Traffic and Industrial Bureau
Industrial Building Project
Growth and Industrial Standing of Danbury
Comparison with other cities
Population Comparisons
Hew Industires--Map
New York Zone Map
Eastern Market Map
Topographical Map
Map of Danbury
Industrial Census of Danbury
Mercantile Census ' of Danbury
Recapitulation of Census
Danbury Trade Area
Mercantile Developement
Dist ance Table
Products of Danbury
U. S. Census of Danbury
Conneticut--Census of
Manufacturing Efficiency of Danbury
Suggested Industries--Group 1
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"2
'.'3
"4
"5
Materials used in Manufacture in Danbury
Industries of Conn.
Taxes
Comparitive ~a.x ates
Civic Financial Statement of Danbury
Banking and Finance
Realty Conditions and B~ilding Construction
Industrial Plant Locations
Electric Lighting and Industrial Gas
Comparitive Gas Rates
Sewer System
Sewer Map
Water System
Comparitive Water ates
ater System Map
Postal Service
Telephone Service
Insurance Rates
Power Costs and conditions
Electric Power users
steam Power and Coal Costs
ater Power
Comparitive lectric Power ates
Hydro-Electric Project
Labor Conditions and Problems
Man Power of Danbury
Female Labor
Labor Shortage
Employment Bureau P l ~n
1
3
5
7
8
10
12
14
15
18
19
33
34
36
37
43
44
46
47
65
71
72
74
76
77
78
79
82
83
84
89
89
93
94
105
106
107
115
116
117
118
120
122
126
128
131
132
133
139
143
150
152
153
155
156
158
159
160
161
16E
164
169
174
181
182
183
185
187
188
189
193
�Table of Contents
Hours of Labor
Wage Scale
age Scale of Other Cities
Or.anized Labor and Labor Troubles
Employee's Welfare Methods
Community Centre Idea
Home Ownership
Living Conditions
Cedar Rapids Labor Plan
Grand He an L bor Shortage Pl an
Traffic and Transportation
New York and New Haven Railro ad
ew York Central Connection
• connecting noad
Proposed Brewster Blectric Line
Freight Service
Package lreight Service
Freight Rates
oal Rates
ailro ad Sidings
Railroad Siding Map
Passenger Train Service
Railroad System Maps
New York and Vestohester Railroad
Proposed Railroad Yard
Express Service
Traffio Bureau
leo tric Railway Servioe
Eleotric Railway Map
Drayage and Street Condition
County High ays
Street
fa
ap
Highway ap
The Hat Industry
The -::lur Industry
Leather Goods Industry
Shoe Industry
Food Produots Industry
The Farm Factory
Cigar Industry
Bottling Industry
Chemioals, dru,s, eto.
Manufacture of Dyes
Paint and Varnish Manufaoture
~ tone Industry
Clay Products Industry
Glass Industry
Wood Products Indus tries
urniture 'Industry
anufacture of Toys
Paper Products Industry
Rubber Industry
Button Industry
Printing and Publishing
Textile Ind.stries
Silk Industry
Cordage and Twine
~elt Goods Manuf aoture
Carpets and ugs
Woolen and Worsted Goods
Cotton Goods Indus try
Knit Goods Industry
Needle Industries
Garment Manufacture
Men's Clothing
Shirt and Collar Industry
Corset Manufaoture
Laundry and Cleaning Industry
Metal Work Industries
Foundry Capaoity of Danbury
Automobile Industry
-- Continued.
194
196
198
198
202
204
205
207
208
210
215
216
219
230
230
232
235
237
239
240
241
242
243
250
e53
260
261
262
264
261
268
267
271
280
300
303
306
310
310
323
325
330
338
346
355
358
360
366
368
375
378
384
3~0
395
397
398
405
407
409
412
414
419
421
421
423
424
425
&28
435
438
442
�To the Board of Directors and Industrial Committee
Danbury Chamber of Commerce .
Gentlemen:In accordance with our agreement , I herewith submit in
the form of an Industri al Survey ,
report upon the economic and
industrial conditions , now existing in Danbury together with an
analysis of such conditions and
presentation of conclusions
formed , as a result of such analysis .
1~
desire h s been to prepare and present as complete
data and information as possible for the purpose of assisting in
promoting the industrial growth of Danbury.
The
ccompanying survey is largely of a confidential
nature , and intended more for the assistance and guidance of your
Officers and Committees, than for general distribution.
Person lly I do not
f~vor
large expenditures for printed
matter to be used for exploitation purposes,
s I think very few
pr ctical results are secured thereby.
You should however have at your command , and in proper
form , such f cts and data , as will assist you in presenting your
advantages
hen negotiations are in progress .
In preparing this report I h ve endeavored to show;
l ---The possibilities for expansion of existing
industries ~
2---The possibilities for establishment of lines of manufacture
llied to existing industries ,
3---The possibilities for development of bi-products manu! ctures,
4---The possibilities for development of new industries .
5--- The advantages and disadvantage of transport tion conditions ,
6--- The conditions relating to labor ,
7---The position of Danbury relative to the question of the cost
of power ,
8---The market and distribution conditions relating to various
lines of industry ,
9---The economic and strategic position of Danbury as comp red
with other cities,
lO---The advantages of Danbury as to factory sites and f ctory
locations ,
Il---The relation of civic conditions to industrial growth ,
I recommend that effort shall first be directed toward
the pr'ovid ing of such advantageous manufacturing conditions in
�2
Danbury as
ill permit the seeuring of new industries , 1 rgely
on the b sis of merit of the oity
ith every possible
sufficient resouroes
~
s
advan~ageous
manufaoturing looation.
oondition seoured , with
hand , and with aggressive
nd well direoted
effort on the part of those responsible , there is no reason why
Danbury should not greatly inorease its population within the next
five years .
{hat is needed above everything else , is an awakening of its
oitizens to the opportunities before them and a gre ter knowledge
of the many subjeots relating to oommunity progress .
ith suoh an awakening , will oome a greater measure of oivio
patriotism , and a more united support to the progressive efforts
of the Ch mber of Commeroe.
Danbury
poss~sses
many
dvantages , th t will enable its
oitizens to greatly inorease both the population and industri 1
standing of the oity.
It is the hope of the writer that this Industrial Survey will
be made of praotioal use and not simply filed away as a report . I
believe the reoommendations made are worthy of your oonsideration.
They are not merely expressions of personal opinion but based upon
inforzmt ion se,cured from many souroes and
e~ery
oare has been taken
to verify suoh information fully .
During the oourse of the Survey every manufaoturer in the
Danbury
rea has been personally interviewed as well as a large
number of the other business men of the oommunity and we wish to
take this oooasion to express our appreoiation of the prevailing
oourtesy shown to the writer and his assooiates .
The writer has developed
,great personal interest in Danbury
and a sinoere friendliness for its people and I wish to offer you
my best wishes for oontinued suooess.
I have great faith in Danbury's future and believe that you oan
make this Survey the basis for a new era o£ industrial growth and
inoreased prosperity for your fair
oit~ .
espeotfully submitted ,
Dated ,
DanburY , Conn . Jan. 26 ,1917.
�3
T
y
The purpose of the Industrial Committee and Officers of the
Chamber of Commerce in uthorizing the compilation of this urvey
was to provide such information as is necessary to permit agressive
and definite effort along the most effective and logical lines in
the further building up and industrial development of the City.
To this end the Survey covers investigations into every
matter that might in any way relate to the betterment of industrial
conditions and to the placing of the City in the most advantageous '
position s a manufacturing location.
The researches and the reports made from same are intended
to focus in a clear manner the foll~ing information : 12345~
6.-
7-
Conditions existing favorable to industrial
d evelopmen t .
Conditions existing unfavorable to industrial
development .
Suggestions as to possible betterment of unf vo ranle co nd i t ions .
census of the industries to scertain the
present industrial status of the City and the
possibilities for further development .
compilation of facts and statistics that
would be useful in effort to secure additional
industries .
A report on existing industries to indicate
the possibilities for their further expansion .
study of industrial conditions to indicate
the parti cular lines of manufacture which
might most logically and profitably be undertaken here and recommendations as to how effort
in this regard might be most successfully
undertaken .
In the compilation of this Survey nearly 200 manufacturers
have been personally interviewed , and information of a confidential
~ture secured regarding their business .
The effect of these interv i ews has been most favorable in
creating a more friendly feeling toward the Chamber of Commerce ,
nd a greater interest in its work .
It appears that
feeling has existed among many manufacturers that the Chamber was of no
rticular v lue to them and that
its greatest val. ue was t o the -mercantile- interests .
This prejudice has been overcome and the manufacturers h ve
been made to realize th t the Chamber r~resents no special
interests and is actively engaged in efforts to benefit the
manufacturing interests of the City. It is believed that the visits
of the interviewers has lready resulted in additions to the
membership of the Chamber and will bring about still further addition
The compilation of the Industrial Survey of Danbury h s
required the services of three men for a period of two months .
The Survey s completed f ill s 220 typewritten pages and contains
125 , 000 words . In addition to the compilation of the written
reports 21 mps and charts have been prepared in whole or in part .
The Survey is divided into a number of separate seotions or
ch pters , giving a rev i ew of local conditions as to the subjeots
of I bor . traffic , power , industrial sites , streets , as , lighting
water , postal service , telephone service , et c., with the reI tion
of these cond itions to industrial development . The more important
Subjects of traffic and labor are variously sub-di~id e d to cover
. 11 phases .
�The second section of the Survey is composed of a series
of chapters covering each specific line of industry and these
industry chapters are very complete as to detailed information
given and analysis of conditions to determine the manufacturing
efficiency of the City as relates to each line of industry .
It is, of course, understood that the Industrial urvey is
only the preliminary work of an Industrial Bureau. ~ ith the
information compiled , the Bureau may now proceed with the
important work before it, fully equipped with all the information
needed to make intelligent action possible . The future work of
the Bureau should be along the following lines :
1. Cooperation for the benefit of existing industries
of the City.
2 . .. ctive effort in the securing of additional industries .
3. 'Cooperation wi th the real estate members of the Chamber .
4 . Cooperation with all other business interests of .the
City.
5 . The compiling of further information needed in the
work of promoting industrial development .
The Ihdustrial urvey consists of much more than this
typewritten report. preparation for utilization of the urvey
has resulted in the establishment of what is practically a
new department of the Chamber of Commerce. This could be called
an Industrial Bureau and is under the direction of the
Industrial Co~mittee and management of your ecretary .
The e uipment of this Bureau includes the following :
1complete copy of the Industrial urvey arranged in
convenient form in a number of volumes , these volumes to become a permanent record of all industrial matters and added
to from day to day , by matter of interest and value , as records and sources of information.
2system by which a continuous inventory may be
maintained of anbury t s industrial gains and losses .
card index file of existing industries , the cards
3containing information as to eacl.. industry and the system to be
maintained and correoted to become
permanent file of information . The manufaoturers who are - members are properly
indicated and the file thus becomes a follow up list for new
membe rs. ~he industries demanding special attentioh of any
kind are also properly "signalled n •
4- A card file of new industry prospects with a system
for handling correspondence with same and for following these
p rospects in an effective manner . Over one hundred of these
prospects have already been furnished by the ssociated
Industrial ervice with a promise of continued cooperation in
this resp ect by that organization.
5vertical letter file of industrial correspondence
and informat ion.
•
large variety of maps and charts in connection with
6the urvey and to be used for various purposes in connection
ith industrial development work •
7complete indexed file of available factory sites and
fa ctory renting space with full description of same .
11 this machinery of the Industrial Bureau has been
properly inaugurated and is now in use .
�OF 'mAT PRACT ICAL USES
ARE AN INDUSTRIAL SURVEY AND AN INDUSTRIAL BUREAU?
****
To Realty Interests
1.
By locating more factories to increase demand for
property of all kinds and greater real estate
activity.
2.
Through the machinery of a central organization to
find buyers for factory sites and renters for
fact ory floo r space.
3.
By bringing together manufacturers who want new
locations, real estate men who have properties
to sell and builders and bankers to finance construction.
4.
By co-operation with real estate men in negotiating
for the location of new industries.
5.
By furnishing members with specific information regarding any ~ecific line of industry to thus provide convincing material for their use in negotiating with factory prospects.
6.
By furnishing material based on information secured
through the Survey fo'r publicity purposes.
7.
By providing information that will guide reel estate
men in their plans for development of both factory
and reSidential pr operty.
To Manufacturers
1.
By study of traffic cond.! tions to learn of ma.tters
unfavolrable to manufacturing interests and, co....
operate in effert to remedy such unfavorable
conditions.
2.
By study of other conditions unfavorable to manufacturing interests and intelligent effort to remedy such
conditions. This line of effort to cover power costs,
labor troubles, labor shortage, streets and, other
civic conditions, etc.
3.
By promoting establishment of allied lines of industry
with consequent advantage in buying of materials.
4.
By providing lists showing nearest available sources
of supply of materials and supplies.
5.
By promoting the improvement of housing and living
condit ions for workmen.
6.
By co-operating with manufacturers in extending local
sales of finiShed products.
7.
By providing information useful in development of both
national and foreign trade.
�6
To Mercantile Interests
1.
By development of existing industries and securing
o~ additional industries to increase the size of
the annual industrial pay roll thereby increasing
the retail buying capacity of the c i ty .
2.
By increasing the production of manufactured goods
l odally to thereby increase the total sales and
distribution business of the city.
3 ., . Through the securing of more ind.' Ustries to create
more local customers for those having for sale
materials and supplies used by manufacturers .
4.
By promoting the extension of the local trade area.
To All Business Interests
1 . . In the same way that it is of advantage to a nation
to be a "creditor nation" by maintaining a credit
balance in dealings with other nations ; so it is
of advantage to a city to maintain a credit balance in dealing with other cit.ies . The greater
the local production of manufactured goods in this
ci ty , the larger will be the amount of money coming
from the outside in payment for products made here t
and put into circulat ion here in purchase of materials and payment of wages.
2.
The material gathered through the Industrial Survey
will be of immense value in pr oviding convincing
facts regarding the superior advantages of this
location to be used for exploitation purposes.
3.
The information gathered through the Survey will be
invaluable in connection with further effort to
promote public i~provements and to remedy existing
disadvantages .
4.
The information 'secured by this Bureau will be of
immense value as a guid.e to property owners and in
connection with real estate development.
5.
The work of the BureaU and the researches of the Survey
should, create increased interest in the work of the
Chamber and tend to increase membership.
6.
The work of the Bureau should tend to bring together
conflicting civic interests and to bring about
united action for the gener~lgood of the city.
7.
The efforts of the Bureau will tend to the creation
of more satisfactory conditions , thus holding
present industries which. other-vvise might seek
other locations,
�\
•
7
THE INDUSTRIAL MAjS
DANBURY lacked a map of its street system of sufficient size
to permit study and practical use.
An enlarged map of Danbury and vicinity has therefore been
made and various copies of this form part of the Industrial Survey.
This map has the following features of value:
1 - The location of every industrial plant is indicated
and an index of same prepared alphabetically and
numerically.
2 - The H.Y.N.H. railroad system trackage is clearly
indicated with all sidings, freight loading platforms,eta
•
3 .... The street railway system is indicated with relation
to industrial plants.
Add.itional maps on the same sca.le are as follows:
Zoning and. Housing Map - Indicating;
1 - Suggested delineation of mercantile, industrial and
residential areas.
2 - Location of available factory sites.
Street and Roads Map - Indicating;
1 - Present charalBter of street construction.
2 - streets needing attention.
3 - Contributory highway system ind.icating program of
improvements advisable.
Water and Sewer Map
Showing complete water and sewersystems of the city
with suggested. extensions.
Trade Zone Map
A large map of Danbury's Trade Zone also accompanies this
report. This shows improved highways and needed improvements,
railroad connections, population within 5,10,15, 20 a.nd 30 mile
radius and other features.
Other Maps
Some 15 small maps illustrating points made in the report
are found in the separate chapters of the Survey.
�DANBURylS INDUSTRIES
ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED WITH NUMBERS GIVIN'G LOCATION ON THE
INDUSTRIAL MAP.
D (continued)
A
G. F. Allen
American Hatters &
Furriers Co.,The
Armstrong Isaac & Co.,
Decker D. & Son
Doran Bros.
Dick Harry & Co .,
Denise F. & Bro .
Delohery Hat Co ., The
De Klyn & Son
Duane & Culhane
Demonde Jos .
Dayton & Rur zeber-Bethel1
Durkin p .
35
46
41
B
Bachns ~m.
35
Barnum E. H.
75
Bartley, T• • Estate of
85
Ball & Roller Bearing Co. 98
Bartley & Chancey
94
Bar chi , N. Cu.,The
121
Bates Co. The
136
Bates, R.G.
130
Baird Nutiedt Co.,The
(Bethel)
162
Beltaire ,M.A. & J. Co.,
61
Beaver Brook Paper trill 142
Bethel Garage -Bethel163
Bethel Hat Forming Co.," 160
Bethel Mfg.Co ., -Bethel- 169
Berfeld en Silk Mills"
168
Beckerle m.
141
40
Blackman , J . C.
Boesch Mig . Co .,
42
Ernest Louis
Excelsior Laundry
•
46
52
81
124
D
Danbury Printing Co .,
16
" Creamery Co .,
13
" Troy Laundry Co .,
3
" G & E Co ., office 18
" Underwear Co .,
10
1
" Square Box Co .,
Daniels & Trimpert , Inc .
42
Davenport , A. Shelton
44
Danbury Welding Co .,
37
"
Brass ~orks
54
It
Carriage Co. ,
73
"RugVorks
83
"
Plumb ing Co. t
99
"Garage
78
" & Bethel , G & E. Co .,
Plant
'128
" Book Bindery
115
" Hardwar e Co .,
116
" Hat CO . t
132
" & Bethe:H3 . R. \II. Co . ,
140
Danbury News , The
27
Diamond Hat Co .,
44
114
131
120
173
50
64
40
F
Flint , Dutie w.
2
Filbow Auto EO .,
77
Foster Bros .,
121
Fountain Cigar Co ., -Bethell. 171
G
30
65
87
123
126
E
c
Clark Box Co ., The
Columbia Hat Co .,
Connecticut Glue Co .,
Costello J .E.
Cuff Hat Co .,
Corauti Saro
6
39
I
Green Auto Co. ,
Gerry Elbrid,ge & Co. t
Ga Nung H. C.
Gerstenmaier J .
Gem Cigar Store
Gem Cigar Co .,
Gallagher Bros .,
Green J . W. & Sons Inc .
Gehrels E.C . -Bethel-
5
31
70
100
93
117
110
127
160
H
Hughes & Chapman Co ., The
Hill & Loper Co . ,The
HOit Messenger Corp
Hodshon \ . A.
Horing mean
Hamilton B.E.
Hofman C. A.
Hall Wm. L.
Horch C. J .
Hall F. A. & Son
Rorch C. M.
Hine Box & Printing Co .,
Hayward A. F. -Bethel~
Haitsch & Co. ,
"
3
42
44
38
36
26
91
118
137
113
125
119
170
161
I
Ideal Garage The
Imperial Silk Mills
2
62
J
Johnson John
Jennings M E Co . Inc.
26
37
�9
S
K
Kerr Chemioal Co .,
Kerniok F' & Co . ,
Kinner Geo . A.
9
43
74
L
Loene D E & CO .,
Lewis G A
Londa H
Lee F'rank H Co ., The
47
26
84
139
M
Mc Coy, H
35
Mallory E A & Sons Inc .
45
Morloch :Machine 'forks
43 ·
Mc Lachlan G A
63
Meeker Bros . & Co .,
97
Mutual Fur Cutting Co., The96
Mc Lachland, H & Co .,
69
Moore Wm.
80
Mc Phelemy M Estate
92
Meeker H E
93
134
Murphy Gorman Co .
. 172
Moore C V - BethelMorrison & Dunham- Bethel- 166
N
Norman & Ellingwood
18
New England Lime Co . t
18
Norris Wm
76
New Machine Co ., Th e
74
Nat'l . Elec.Utilities Corp . 71
Neff Theo . W
129
New England Hat Co .,
122
Nichols J F' Estate - Bethel- 164
o
Olmstead, Wm
Outhouse liT
Olmstead FS
32
29
81
P
Perl Lena
Peck Fur 'Co • t
Peffers \ C
Peffers W C & Co.
Pap ish Asher
Postore G
Prompt Printery
Pyramid Garage
42
43
74
79
72
90
113
28
R
Rider Chas
Rogers Silver Plate Co .,
Russell Electric Co .,
Robinson,C I & Co .,
Reid. John - Bethel-
11
68
67
71
167
Stearns Lime Co .,
Susinski D
Southern New England
Telephone Co .,
Sir ine
F
Simon Max
Scofield Theo
Sunderland Ii W
Short Hat Co .,
Sherman Geo B.
Schlitter M H & Co .,
Simon Micha.el .
Solvents Recovery Co .,
S. A. G. Hat Co .,
Simon & Keane
Schieffer J & Son
'G. A. Shephard Sons & Co .,
Th e- Bethel-
Tomaino Bros .
Tweedy F D & Co .,
Taylor i • C.
Taylor F. E.
Target & Simon Co ., The
Tine Henry & Son
Tweedy Silk Mills
Turner Machine Co .,
Tappan G. A.
17
7
19
53
33
43
34
42
75
82
86
127
134
135
III
174
4
42
31
51
78
88
71
89
73
U
15
Union Bakery
v
Vass Chemioal Co .,
Vienna Bakery
Vaughan RJ .
Von Gal Hat Co. , .
Vaghi J . -Bethel-
16
14
49
95
165
W
Whittaker S . B.
Whit e Star Laundry
Wheeler . M.
Warner Bros .
Walther Herman
Wright W. T. -Bethel-
8
12
66
133
138
171
Y
Yochum Chas .
Young P & Sons
43
43
Z
Zaphersol1 Bros .
112
�10,
DANBTIayt S INDUSTRIES
KEYED
NU1~ICALLY
TO CORRESPOND ¥ITH LOCATION FIGURES ON
I NDUSTRIAL .
1 - Danbury Square Box 00.,
45 ... Mallory ]'M . A. & Sons , Inc .
2 - Flint , D. W.
46- Connecticut Glue Co .,
2 - Id eal Carage , The
46- American Hatters & Furriers Co .,
3 - Hughes & Chapman Co . , The
47- Loewe D. E. & Co .,
3 - Danbury Troy Laundry Co .,
49- Vaughan R.J.
4 - Tomaino Bros . ,
50- Durkin P.
5 - Green Auto Co. ,
51- Taylor F. E.
6 - Decker D. & Son
52- Costell o J . E.
7 - Susinski , D.
53- Sirine \f . F .
54- Da.nbury Brass \{orks
8 - \llii tte.ker S. E.
9 .... Kerr Chemical Co .,
61- Beltaire M. A. & J.Co .,
62- Imperial Silk Mills
10- Danbury Underwear Co .,
63.... Mc Lachlan G. A.
11- River Chas .
64- Ernst Louis
12.... 'lhi t e Star Laundry
65- Columbia Hat Co .,
13- Danbury Creamery 00. ,
6b - fueeler 'i . M.
14.. . Vienna Bakery
67- Russ ell Ele ctric Co .,
15- Union Bakery
68- Rogers Silver Plate Co .,
16- Danbury PrintingCo .,
69- Mc La.chland H. & Co.,
17- Stearns Lime Co .,
70- Ga Nung H. Co .,
18- New England Lime Co .,
71- Robinson C. I . & Co .,
18- Danbury G. & E. Co ., office.
71- Nat 'l. Ele c. Utilities Corp .
18- Norman & Ellingwood
19- Southern New England Telephone Co . 71- Tweedy Silk Mills
72- Pap ish Asher
26- Hamilton E.E .
73';" Tappan G. A.
26- Johnson John
73Danbury Carriage Co .,
26- Lewis , G. A.
74
...
New I':achine Co ., The
27- Danbury news , The
74Kinner
, Geo . A.
2"8- Pyramid Garage
74Peffers
V. C.
29- Outhouse , H. T.
75Barnum
E.
H.
30- Clark Box Co ., The
75Sherman
Geo
. B.
31- Gerry Elbridge & Co .,
76NorriS
Wm.
31- Taylor W. C.
77 - Fil bow Auto Co .,
32.... Olmstead Vm.
78Danbury Garage
33- Simon :Ma.x.
78Targett & Simon-The Co.,
34- Sunderland 'N . \ •
79Peffers
, . C. & Co. ,
35 ... Mc Coy , f . H.
80
....
M
oore
Wm.
35- Ba,ch us , VIm.
81- Olmstead F. S.
35- Allen G.F.
Cuff Hat Co .,
8136- Hoving Jean
82Schlitter
M. R. & Co .,
37 ... Jennings lvi.E. Co. , Ind.
83Danbuxy
Rug
Works
37- Danbury ~ lelding Co. ,
84Londa
H.
38- Hodshon ~I.A .
85- Bart l ey T . ~ . Estate of
39- Doran Bros .
86- Simon Michael
40- Excelsior Laundry
87
~ Di ck Harry & Co .,
40- Blachman J . C.
88- Tine Henry & Son
41- Armstrong Isaac & Co. ,
89- Turner Mach ine Co .,
42- Hill & Loper Co . , The
90 .... Postor e G.
42- Boesch I,'Lfg. Oo .,
91- Rofman C. A.
42- Perl Lena ,
92Mc Phelemey M. Estate of
42- Dani els & Trimpert ,
93Gem Cigar Store
42- Short Hat Co .,
93
....
Meeker
H. E.
42- Tweedy F . D. & Co .,
94Bartley
& Clanc ey
44 .... Hoyt Messenger Corp .
95
...
Von
Gal
Hat
Co .,
43- Kerni ck F . & Co .,
96
....
Mutual
Fur
Cutting
Co., The
43- Morloch Machine Works
97M
eeker
Bros
.
&
CO
e,
43- Scofield Theo.
98- Ball & Roller Bearing Co .,
43- Yochum Chas .
99- Danbury Plumbing Co.,
43- Young , P. & Son
100Gerstenmaier J .
44- Davenport A. Shelton
110Gallaghe.:b Bros.,
444- Diamond Hat Co .,
Ill-Schieffer J . & Son
3... Peck Fur Co .,
�11
•
112-Zapherson Bros.,
l13-Prompt Printery Co. ,
l13~Hall F.A. & Son
ll4- De Klyn & Son
l15-Danbury Book Bindery Co. t
116-Danbury Hardware Co. ,
l17 - Gem Cigar Co. ,
l18--Hall ~' m . L .
l19-Hine Box & Printing Co.,
l2l-Foster Bros. ,.
l21-Demonde Jos.
l2l-Barchi Co. , The
122~New England Hat Co.,
1 23-Denis e F. & Bro s. ,
l24- Coranti Saro
l25-Rorch C.M.
126~Delohery Hat Co. , The
l27~Solvents Recovery Co. ,
l27-Green J . W. & Sons Inc .
128- Danbury & Bethel G.& E.Co .,Plant
129~Neff Theo . W
.
130- Bates R.G.
131- Duane & Culhane
132~Danbury Rat Co.,
l33-Viarner Bros. ,
134-Murphy Gorman Co. ,
134-3 . A. G. Hat Co. ,
l35-Simon & Keane
l368Bates Co. , The
l37=Horch C.J.
l38-Walther Herman
l39 - Lee Frank H,Co. , The
140~Danbury & BethelS . R.W.Co. ,
141 .... Beckerle Wm.
142-Beaver Brook Paper Mills
160 - Gehrels E.C. -Bethel160 . . .Bethel Hat Trimming Co. ,
l61-Haitsch & Co .,
l62-Baird Nutred,t Co.,
l63-Bethel Garage
164-Nichols J . F . Bstate ....Betbel165~Vaghi J. -Bethell66~Morrison & Dunham --Bethell67-Reid John -Bethell68-Berfelden Silk Mills
l69-Bethel !ffg.Co .,
l70-Hayward H. F.-Bethel17l ~Wright W. T.-Bethell7l ~Fountain Cigar Co.,
172-1~00re C. V.-Bethel173-Dayton & Hurzeber - Bethel174- G.A. Shephard Sons & Co.The-Bethel-
�12
In muny oit ie tho Industr ial Bureau of tho Qotn::o e:rclal organizations
bas beoome one of tbo moot i r oJl'tout factor s in the usefulness tJf such or n.. .
1Z6\1000. The \fork of such a' bul" 8U covet'a the follOVJ'ing linea of effort,
fu~ther
1- To ·corry on tb
oompilation of the Industrial Survey.
2- to assist in car rying out suoh
1 oom=_t'mdat1 rms of thin survey
rolt1te to tho "medying of unf N'Orable cODUtione
3- To pr eoent the findings ot' th survey in such manne. &8 wili
be :noat. useful to the ma!1Ufact\,lJ:"1ng, mercatitU • realty.
banking and oth r buoinoss interests.
.
a8
( . To aBate in carrying on such oonstruotivo ani pro otlon work
as is recomtlOnded. in the survey.
e-
to co- operate in suoh linea of eff ort as will b most useful
to the eaiatioll industrial 1ntereots of the City.
6- TO tmdortak suoh promotion work in the socuring of additional
industries as ill be in 11no itb tho policy of the
•
Chamber.
? ~ To servo the
realty mGmbore in edvlaing them of prospective
buyers or tenants of industrial property,
.8 a bur au of 1nfomation cn ell subjects relating
to manufactur ing and industrial devllopment.
8 .. To sews
I. To provido such info~Qt1on and data as will be ot' value to
the publicity department.
lO-TO compi-le and propare suoh informaUol') a
'to
~eveloping
wll1 be useful
menuf'aotul"i ng.
11 ..'1'0 loam .ot unsatisfactory trdfio condi tions os ro1at. to man-
ufacturing interests and turn ,uGh information over to tho
traffic bureau tor action.
'
12-10 stUdy tho var i OUS phao s of tho l abq:r quostion and submit tho
informati on asthof'od with reeomltondutl ons.
la- To atudy tho qu otione connected 1til zoninG and .d1,s tricting
p].QI'lo .
trend of 1,n dustrial . deve lo~nt . to •• and sub...
tbese sUbJocts for the benof1t of
~it 1uf~~tlon 00
realty 1nte~ots.
14-Garry on the oorrespondenoe 01" the ASGociation in matters re-
lating to thi departl:lont; inoluding negotiaticns with
industri&J. entcrpriStlB coneidor1ng locating in the city.
15...PropBl'6ti1on of bl'iofs 1n relation to the
1'01' specific lioos of industr y.
V!
1'1ts
or
t be 01 ty
16-To occumulote and flle for reedy reference all kinds ot intor.mut1on relQtin~ to mODutQctur1ng. trade end industr:lal cendi tiona.
;i'
lv. preparation of exploitation mo.teriol: for publicity ptlt'poses.
,\
\
I t 18 $,J1~ Qr.nt thBt tlI,l Induett-1al Buro u ·tc b moot effectivo along
linea sl-ould not only be well orguni.eed but should htlv oufficient
f aoilitios o.nd offioe fore. to "ennit the cQ%.'ry1uPo ' on of all the" lineD of .
eff ort ,
these
VtU"i OU8
�13
f
/
I'
"
The manager of the Bureau should devote the be st part of his time
outside of his offioe to the carrying out of suoh a program and in calling
upon new industry prospects.
No Industrial Survey is ev ,r complete . The original SUrvey is only
the preliminary compilation of material to form the basis, for further work. '
Among the lines of additional investigation which could b profitably carried
on are 'the ~ollowing t
.
,
"
i.
Preparati.on of a residential planning map and survey to . .indicate
t he present housing facilities and the Jogical trend of
residential development indicatingtne ~ossibilities f9r
high class residential development and t enement deve))opment .
2-
A
S.
A study of the railroad. trackage and sidine;~ to learn the part,-
compilation of statistics to show the quantities consurr.ed in
t he city of each kind of m~terial used in the city to
sho\? ~he possibilities for manufaoture in these lines
or for larger wholesaling f.'a cilittes.
icular needs of the city
QS
to railroad development.
4- A study of agricultural resources of adjacent territory to show
the possibil itioa for agricultural d velopment , and manufacture o£
products .
«oed
6- A Gtudy- of available faotory sites, with a pap to exploit san:e and
pllm to co- operate with the realty men in their utilof same .
izatlj}Orll
,
6-
A
1-
A st udy of employees welfare methods with a plan to $xtend this
line of betterment of industrial conditi ons .
8-
A study of the war.hous
s~udy
of community centers wi til their relation to industrial and
residential development .
and store houa. needs of the city.
9.. Further study of certain special !ineo of industry beat adapted
for development .
10. Oontinuod pet-eonal touch with existing industries to prO!rlote
greater' eo- operati 0n on the part of the manufacturers .
�14
�15
RECOMMENDATIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
As previously stated, an Industrial Survey is of little value
unless its findings are made use of.
.
The analysis of industrial conditions in Danbury has brought
forth certain facts which suggest action along a number of different
lines.
Plans for the utilization of these findings could be classified
into two groups, namely;- remedial and constructive.
Under th head of remedial action would be included all effort
to overcome any conditions that now exist which might be considered
unfavorable to industrial development.
Under the head of constructive action would be included all
lines of effort not included in the above and which would tend to
the industrial up-building of the city and the securing of more
industries.
~
Some lines of action could be called both remedial and
constructive.
For example it is very apparent that there is a decided
shortage in Danbury of suitable factory floor space for rental.
By providing industrial buildings in which manufacturers
would find it of advantage to locate, the citizens would remedy an
unfavorable condition which now exists and at the same time promote
th~ up-building of the city by securing more industries.
By securing more industries of the kind employing male help,
the result would tend to remedy the existing labor shortage and at
the same time promote the prosperity of the city through the increasing of the amount of weekly wage distribution.
The detailed recommendations and suggestions resulting from
the investigations and analysis of conditions are found in the
separate chapters devoted to each subject. A brief review of these
suggestions is sumarized herewith, no attempt being made in this
review to classify or explain the ' suggestions.
They are submitted Simply as suggestions for future action or
tabling as may be deemed best.
It would be entirely unfair to form a definite opinion regarding
the merit of any of these suggestions until after a study had been
made of the analysis and reasoning on which these suggestions are
based.
The suggestions offered are summarized as follows:
1- Concentration of effort in securing more industries upon a
certain few lines of manufacture such as are offered in
a selected list entitled, "Group 5".
2- Specific attention to the fostering and building up of
Some of the smaller existing industries as recommended.
3- A comprehensive plan of effort for securing more industries
as outlined.
4- The organization of an industrial development corporation
the chief purpose of which will be the providing of
'
leaSing floor space.
5- Effort to extend the Danbury Trade Zohe through a practical
plan for cooperative highway improvement, interurban
extentions and other means to bring about the building up
of a "Greater Danbury".
�16
6- Cooperation of realty interests in a joint plan for securing
more industries.
7- A study of possible lines of bi-products manufacture and use
of available raw materials and the securing of local interest
in establishing such industries with local capital.
S- Cooperation in development of farm production.
9- Particular attention to the creation of larger foundry capacity.
lO-A survey of wood and mineral resources of the Danbury area to
determine industrial possibilities.
II-The establishment of a manufacturers Employment Bureau.
l2-Providing of facilities for vocational educational training.
l3-Providing of greater recreational facilities and development
of the .communi ty center plan.
l4-Adoption of the Ceiar Rapids labor adjustment plan. '
15-Establishment of a combined Industrial and Traffic Bureau.
16~A
survey of a combined freight and passenger electric line to
Brewsters together with a survey of the Lake Kenosha
hydraulic power possibilities with the view of interesting
outside capital in such a :. project and the elimination of the
Still River as an eye-sore, a menace to public health and
a useless occupant of valuable city property.
17-The securing of competitive express service by means of a
trolley line to Brewsters or otherwise.
IS-A reduction of the hat freight rate to New York and the coal
freight rate to Danbury.
19~The
establishment of a districting or zoning plan to prevent
further encroachment of industries upon property that should
be developed for residential purposes.
20-The commencement of effort to bring about the adoption of a
definite City Plan for the best future development of Danbury.
21-The fostering of a more harmonious and cooperative civic ,pirit.
22-The inauguration of a "Buy at Home" campaign to cover both
manufacturing and mercantile interests.
23-Effort to bring about the prompt repaving of Main Street and
White Street to the Freight Depot.
24-Effort to bring about the establishment of a ' public park.
25-The securing of a better over-night incoming freight service
from New York.
26-Better civic regulation as to plumbing in factories.
27-The prevention of any more frame factory construction and
:encouragement of fire proof construction.
2S ...Establishment of a city record of building construction.
�17
•
29-A civic accounting to secure a comparison of costs of every
phase of city expenditure as between cities of equal
population, to learn possibilities for further civic economy.
30-Encouragement of home ownership among industrial workers.
3l-Study of employees welfare plans with a view to bettering
labor relations.
32-The securing of options on factory sites by the Chamber of
Commerce.
33-Interesting home owners and tenants in city beautification.
34-Cooperation with manufactuerers to promote their sales.
35-Cooperation of realty owners in joint effort to sell factory
sites.
36-The circulation of a list of articles and supplies which can be
purchased in Danbury and appeal to all manufactuerers and others
to patronize local interests.
37-Restoration of right to pack hats in crates for railroad shipment.
38-Establishment of a permanent exhibit of the products of
Danbury's industrial plants, as a city attraction and for
advertising purposes.
39-The preparation of a publicity booklet, to exploit Danbury,
from material included in the Industrial Survey.
40-The establishment of a Retail Merchants Bureau of the Chamber
of Commerce, with the employment of a regular credit man and
collector.
removal of the main office of the Fairfield County Farm
Bureau to Danbury.
4l~The
42-Promotion of near-by extensions of the Danbury & Bethel Street
Railway Co.
43-Preliminary steps for the abolition of the dual form of local
governme:q.t ..
Explanatory.
All of these matters have a direct or indirect bearing upon
industrial development ..
The Board of Directors of the Chamber of Commerce cannot be
expected to undertake the burden of looking into all these matters
and promoting action regarding same but by dividing the responsibility among various existing committees or additional special
committees"the practical definite activity of the entire membership can be secured.
The obtaining of action and results regarding matters demanding attention is the most difficult task of the Board of
Dir~ctors and this can only ?e accomplished by holding the committees
strl.ctly a.ccountable for actl.ve effort and providing for replacem~nt of committee members who are unwilling to participate in
cl.vic matters by those who are willing to give some of their time
to Danbury's welfare and progress.
�18
Some
is directed
growth, and
way are the
of the small indus'tries to which particular attention
as offering possibilities for further expansion and
which shou+d be fostered and aided in every possible
following:
stearns Lime Co.,
Danbury Rug Co.,
Solvents Recovery Co.,
Danbury Brass Works
Morloch Machine Co.,
Boesch Mfg.Co.,
Russell Electric Co. , _
National Electric utilities Co.
/
�BROKER OR OWNER
'Name : ...................................................................................... ...... _.- ............................... _.. _............................................................
Address: ................ .
•••• • • • •• • • • • • • • • ••• • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • •• •• •• • •••• • • v • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••• •• • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Telephone : ....................................
Address :
REMARKS
Street . .. ...
DESCRIPTION
Character of Ground : ........ ..... ...... ..... .......................................................................................... ..................................
Railroad Siding: .......................................... .............. .................................................
.
-- .. - ...... _- ......................................... .
Waterfront- How much: ......................................................................... ................................ ...........................................
On what: ..............................................................................................................................................................
Surrounding Development : ............................................................. .
•• • •••••••• - ••• •••• • ••••••••••••• ••••••• • •
••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
R
__::::e~::::~~.:. .:. . . . . : .:.:...:. . :.: .: . .:. : .:. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
............................... ..............
................................................ .
Will Improve for Lease .......................................... (~.~ :.~;.....................................................................................................
�NOT E.-This information is not for publication and your opinions will not be quoted.
not be placed in any public file.
The personal statements relating to your busi-
(Fill in with typewriter if convenient.)
UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS.
I. What unfavorable FREIGHT CONDITIONS exist here detrimental to your interests?
(Please answer specifically. )
a. As·to freight costs on your incoming materials
b. As to freight costs on your outgoing finished products.
c. As to railroad service.
d. As to railroad express rates and service.
As to lighterage, harbor ar
FILE No. 15-
NAME
LOCATION
f. As to storage and warehou
PRODUCT
ANNUAL
g. A s to drayage and wagon
SIZE OF BUILDING
NO.
OF EMPLOYES
COST
h. W hat remedies are sugges
FLOORS
SIZE OF LOT
TOTAL
MEN
FORM OF CONSTRUC'l'ION
DA'l'E
R.
WOMEN
OF BUILDING
POWER PLANT
OF LOCATION
R . SIDING
~'ATER
FRON'l'AGE
CHAMBER MEMBER
2. W hat unfavorable conditions
OFFICERS:
a. As to coal costs.
PRES.
V.
SEC.
'l'REAS.
PRES.
ADDITIONS:
b. As to fuel oil and gasoline
Record of New lndu.lries
c. As to public service gas used for power or industrial purposes.
d. As to public service electric current.
3. e. What unfavorable conditions exist as relate to the EMPLOYMENT OF LABOR?
a. As to union labor agitations and labor troubles.
h. As to cost and 'sea-rcity of labor.
e.
As to labbr conditions relating to the subject of li:ving costs, housing facilities. distances of residence from work~ street car facilities,
school facilities, .ilmusement facilities, community centers, vocational education, etc.
�b. As to water supply and service.
c. As to streets.
?'
d.
As to sewers.
e.
As to other civic matters.
5~f 'Conditions exist
as relate to your particular line of industry which tend to act as a burden or disadvantage to you}
FAVORABLE CONDITIONS
-6.
7.
What conditions do you consider especially favorable as to this location for your particular line of production?
What lines of industry or manufacture do you think should be located in this borough and what lines of manufacture could be undertaba
here to special advantage?
RELATING TO YOUR OWN BUSINESS
a.
When was it organized?
b. When did you begin operating in this borough?
c. Are you a firm or corporation?
d. What is your capital stock?
e.
If office is not at factory. give address
ARTICLES MANUFACTURED AND SALES.
9. What are your PRODUCTS?
1O.
What area is covered by your sales?
What is your principal sales territory?
11 . Are your sales made here or from a Manhattan office?
12.
Do you export?
13. Do you sell direct through your own salesmen or by mail. through branch offices or jobbels?
.---'"~
14. Are your sales increasing. making probable the expansion of your business and increase in plant in the near future?
land area?
15.
How can the Chamber of Commerce aid yoU to manufacture and sell your product?
What is the amount of your annual sales in an average year?
BUILD INC OCcUPIED.
�If you lease your
present space, what rate do you pay per square foot and is the rate satisfactory?
RAW MATERIALS.
What are the principal raw materials or partly finished materials used in the manufacture of your product?
Which of these are obtainable in the' New York zone and are these delivered to you by drays?
From what shipping points do your other materials come?
Are there any
(After each name your present freight rate.)
of these materials which might be manufactured to advantage in Queens Borough?
What is the annual value of all the materials used in the manufacture of your products?
POWER-LIGHT-HEAT.
How much coal do you use annually and what kind?
•
Do you use public service,
private plant, or both kinds of power?
If both. what is the total H. P. on each system?
Kind of engines (steam, oil or gas) ?
Capacity of engines-H.P.?
d. Capacity of generators-K.W.?
to Total capacity of motors?
f. Total capacity of boilers?
.. Approximate annual cost of power?
Is exhaust steam used for heating?
II steam used in manufacturing process and if so, at what pressure?
Approximate investment in power plant?
If you use public service current what has been your largest month of k.w.h's consumption?
What haa been your minimum rate per k.w.h. for your largest month's consumption?
If you use steam power, what is your average monthly cost of coal, not considering heating?
Quantity~
�How many employees have you ~
Minimum~
Maximum,~
39. Of these how many are females ~
40. What is your annual payroll ~
(Maximum year.)
41. What is your slump season ~
42. How many employees do you layoff during this period ~
43. Of what class ~
How do your labor costs here compare with labor c;osts of your competitors in. other cities ~
44.
.1
45. What is your labor turnover in a year~
Ratio of number hired ~
46. N umber generally employed ~
47. What local conditions can be bettered to reduce your annual labor turnover ~
48. Are housing conditions here favorable to making satisfied labor. and if not what are your sugestions ~
49.
How many more persons could you now employ if competent employees were available~
i"
t -"
sO:- Is your labor satisfied with living conditions here ~
.,.
::) 1. What is the length of your working day ~
Have you any special employees' welfare ideas in force in your plant and with what results~
It
53.
,-
What sort of apprentice system have ' you~
54. - Do you favor vocational training~
55.
What is your Wage scale for your various
classes of labor and are they unionized)
,
56. Are you willing to assist us in making a censUs of your employees to ascertain their living conditions and other facts that may benefit industrial
interests.
BY-PRODUCTS.
57.
What.are the by.products of your industry no~ being utilized~
58.
What possibilities are there for developing other by-products of you~ industry}
INVESTMENT.
59.
What would you consider the e~tite value of yoUr business and investment in this borough~
stock.)
(This as to total assets-hot simply capital
(YOU WILL NOTE THAT NO NAMES ARE .TO BE ATTACHED TO ~ THIS BLANK;
NUMBER.)
W,E IDENXIFY BY
�SECURING NEW INDUSTRIES.
Assuming that it is the purpose of the Chamber of Commerce
to adopt and follow some vigorous plan for the securing of
additional industries, it would be well to study this subject
thoroughly with the view of adopting methods which would produce
the most satisfactory results without unnecessary waste of time,
effort and mone1.
The business of securing industries can be reduced to
systematic and efficient methods the same as any other business.
Ha.p-haza.rd and "sl.ap-stick" methods are of little avail in accom....
plishment of real results. Much time and. effort can be wasted use...,.
lessly unless good judgement and practica1 methods prevail in this
line of effort.
There are six kinds of new industries to be
1 -
considere~:
Manufacturers now established in some othe r connnunity t
who are dissatisfied with their present loeation,
and who are desirous of locating under more favorable
conditions, or whose growth and expansion .h as made
their present location unsuitable.
2 -. Manufacturers now estab lished in some other community
who desire to establish branch plant.s elsewhere.
3
4
i!a.nufacturers whose plants have been d,estroy-ed by fire
and who might feel that their new plants could be more
favorahly located elsewhere.
e
!mnufacturing firms or corporations which have become
involved in financial difficulties, or which have
failed or whieh for some reason required reorganization, and because of such reorganization, offer possihilities for removal of plants.
5 .... New industri al corporations which mayor may not be
fully financed and which have not yet determined
upon their plant locations.
6 - Promotion of new corporations based on patents, processes or knowledge of indi viduals, and requiring
organization and financing.
That the securing of manufacturing plants of these six kinds
-
is possible is demonstrated by the census of 1914 which shows that
10,000 new industrial establishments were added to the total of the
country during the five years before the war.
During this same period ' 500,000,000. was added to the capital
invested in industries in the United States, part of this representing
expansion of industries previously established.
�20
Tilhat oities seoured this new industrial capital and these new
manufaoturing plants?
The proport ion that oame to Danbury was very small .
Since the war the industrial gro'mh has doubled in activity and
there are many new plants being established ' and looation of existing
plants changed daily .
Newark secured an average of four or five new manufaoturing
plants per week during the pa.st year. Long Island City gained at the
rate of one new plant per week .
Lost Angeles had twelve million
dollars added to its capital invested in industries during the first
six months of 1916 .
In very few
oas~s
is d.ecision on plant location entirely uns
influenoed. In nearly every c:ase some commercial organization or ,
allied interest has influenoed in one way or another the final deoision on plant looation.
It would appear that the first step in securing new industries ,
therefore , should. be in securing information concerning these manu....
facturing plant possibilities t before deci"sion is' made as to location.
The securing of "new industry prospects" is therefore , one of
the most importantpbases of the work of an Industrial Bureau. The
means for se'cu ring these pro spe cts may be e,numerat ed as follows :
1 .... Through press clipping services.
2 "'" Through "bullet in" servioes compiled by press bureaus .
3
~
Through advertising in trade publications and daily
newspapers .
4 - Through form letter orunpaigns to seleoted
li~ts .
5 - Co- operation of the railroads .
6 - Through mis cellaneous distri but ion of publioi t ,y matter7- Through personal letters sent out as "feelers" to selected
lists , centralizing on certain special lines of industry.
8
e
Through inquiri ,e s of looal manufacturers , whole salers
and dealers as to manufacturing concerns with which
they have dealings .
9 - Through personal "scouting" of representatives who visit
selected lists ot manufacturers to "feel them out".
10 -- By employment of promotors or industrial service
organizations .
�21
TREATM.ElIIT OF PROSPECTS.
Assuming that the Chamber of Commerce through these various means
is able to secu.re a .c ont inuous supply of
the next
ph~se
Tl
new industry prospects" ,
of the work is the investigation of these "prospects"
to ascertain their desirability. Such investigations may take several
different forms of effort as follows:
1
~
Reports secured through local banks or through the Dun,
Bradstreet, Proudfoot or other commercial agencies .
2 .;;, statements submitted. di re ct by the "prospect" .
3 - Appraisals , . accountings or reports made by organizations
specializing in such work.
4 ..., Personal visi ts by "committees" representing the Chamber
of Commerce inspections of plants and co·nferences with
the "principals" .
It is suggested that in all industrial matters coming before your
body for consideration , you should assume a
rec~tive
and willing
attitude and. refrain f.rom making "snap judgments" on any proposition.
Sometimes propositions which appear in the most favorable +ight
on first consideration , will show up bad.l y upon careful and. thorough
investigation , and the reverse is frequently true also , tha.t manu.facturers propositions which seem to be defective in one way or another may later resolve themselves into such form as will prove them
very desirable .
It can be no satisfaction to set up "industrial pins" to to
speak , simply for the fun of kno cking them down again. No one person
is competent of his own knowledge to sit in judgment on any proposition
until all the facts and information are at his command .
Invest igati ons of .i nd.u s.tri al pr ospe cts to be complet e should cover
the following points :
1 .... Physical . appraisal of the pr operty and plant with careful estimate of depreciation and probable replacements
required .
.
2 - Character of management
ness standpoint .
-~both
personal and from the busi-
3 .... Bank stand.ing of 'b oth ind.ividual and the company.
4 - Legal status of corporation to ascertain if rishts of the
stockhold.ers are conserved; if patents or pro ·c esses are
properly owned ~ithout infringement ; and if title to
property is clear .
I
5 - Past gross and net earnings with analysis of same .
�22
6 .,., Has the product a growing market and has it points of
supe riori ty ov~.r co'mpet i tion.
7 ,.". Geographical boundaries and character of market and
effectiveness and character of distribution,
8 .". Character and extent of co'mp eti tion.
9 - Analyzed manufacturing costs and relation of
sales price of product.
s~e
to
10 - ,Are methods of greatest efficiency employed in manufacture .
11 - How could: costs of manufacture be reduced by improved
methods or efficiency Eiconomies.
12
e
Overhead, costs, based on past and present conditions and
estimated on basis of future expansion.
13 " Selling costs, past, present and future character and
effioienoy o"f sal es ,method.s and sale s organ ization.
Future possibilities for promot,ing sales.
14 - Cost of experimentation , what future expenditure will
be necessary in this line.
15 - Actual value of patterns , patents,mechanical drawings,etc .
16 ,..,. Estimate of cost of new eqUipment required for expansion.
17 .... Freight rate comparisons on and costs of handling raw
materials and finished product. Relation of freight
rates to competition.
'.::::'.
18
~
Sources, supply and value of raw material. How much
material necessary to carryon hand.
19 - Labor conditions and costs as compared with
Available labor supply.
competitors~
20 .,. Estimate of possible savings and. e conomiesthrough
relocation and betterment of plant.
21
Salaries and wage scale . Distribution of costs.
22 .... Working cap itaJ. needed? How much to be carried on the
books in accounts and. bills recei vable? Amount tied up
in rr:aterial'? Amount carried, in stock of finished product • .
23 - Full accounting of books and records and financial
statements.
24 - Reports iMom Dun & Bradstreet.
lhile no one man is competent to pass jud,gment on all these
matters, yet you can find men compe tent to secure the inio,rmation
desired, and to secure the jud,gment of others.
While such investigation may reveal unfavorable information relating to some of the pOints mentioned, yet such
un~
favorable features need not necessarlty be sufficient reason for discarding the proposition.
�23
The extent of investigations of new industr,y prospects
~
depends entirel1 upon whether co~operation of any kind is required
to secure such industries. In man1 cases no investigations what ever are necessary • .
ine credit r ating agencies should not be relied upon . Very
frequently good reports are received that are not justified and
unfavorable reports given on industries of a very desirable
character .
NEGOTIATIONS.
When it comes to actual direct effort to secure the location
of a manufacturing plant , every case will require different hand ...
•
ling as no two industrial propositions embody the same cond.itions .
In a general way , however , propositions will come und.er the
classifications :
follo~ving
1 - No co-operation of any kind is considered , the only
effort requi r ed being to satisfy the manufacturer
that this is the best location for his particular
line of manufacture .
2 - Other conditions being equal, co- operation of some kind
is necessary to influence t he manufacturer to decide in favor of this location instead of some other.
3 - Financial co-operation is the principal factor in
decision on location of plant .
4
~
Promotion and all financing necessary to organize
and establish the industry -
Without question the propos'itions that would be included in
the first group would be the most deSirable , and greatest effort
should be directed toward finding that kind of prospect .
When such prosp ects are secured , however , it will not always
be an easy matte r to convince the manufacturer that this city is the
mo st advantageous locat ion for his industry. A "brief" should be
prepared s etting forth clearly the actual conditions that exist
in this city relating to the various matters in which the manufacturer
would be interested , such as labor coneli tions, labor supp11 t wage
scale , housing , power
•
costs~
traffic condi tions , fr e ight rates on
materials and finished prod ucts , co st of' assembling mat.erials ,
availability of materials , lighting , gas ,
~ter ,
taxes , etc_ , and if
possible a detailed Schedule of items that would make up the
�24
manufaoturer's produotion and sales oosts and overhead as oompared with othe,r
, __
oities. Briefs of this kind can in nearly every
oase be prepared from the material in the Industrial Survey.
The matter of looations offered should be given the most careful attention. Effort should be made to find a better location in
this oi ty efor the "prospeot" than he oould find ih other cities
whioh he might have under consideration.
If the manufaoturer wishes to buy a site and ereot his own
building, a wide choice of sites should be offered him and no attempt
made to ooerce him into taking any parti cular site. iV'hile suoh
prospects offer possible sales for real
est~te
members of the Chamber t
they should not be left to the real estate 'man, for frequently a
~
realty man, when he finds he cannot make
~
sale himself, will make no
effort to "hang on" to the prospect t but will let him get away and
the city will thus lose the opportunity.
Newark, Long Island City and Los Angeles are examples of wide
awake , progressive and harmonious effort on the part of the real estate
men of those oities.
Once a Newark realty man gets after a manufaoturing prospeot.
he sticks to him until be Tfcloses" with him either for his own
property or that of some other realty man.
In Long IsJAnd City t the realty interest support the Industrial
Bureau and paid for the Industrial Survey. These men Dl3et daily at
the Chamber of Commerce and aot in harmony in the handling of all
indus trial pro speots .
There should be on file in the Chamber of Commeroe a oomplete
description of every available faotory s1 te in the ci ty and! suburbs t
with maps and oharts to show location of same. Whenever possible,
the price asked for these properties should be listed, and the Chamber
of Commerce should sec that no manufacturer is kept out of the city
because of his inability to find a suitable loeation at a satisfactory
pl"i ce.
Many cities have failed to se cure industries because of the
~
over-grasping , unprogressive spi»it of realty owners and lack of
harmony among real estate operators. Let there be as muoh competition
�25
as you please in residentail properties , but put the factory sites
on a
•
non~competitive
basis and thus preserve one of your best means
for securing more industries.
iVhen the "prospect" expresses a willingness to have a factory
erected for his needs , which he will
purch~se
or rent , then every
effort should be made to satisfy him. Thore must be plenty of owners
of factory sites in this oity who would be glad to finance buildings
to sell a t a profit or rent to responsible tenants. The Paterson
Industrial Development
Comp&~y
would doubtless be able to finance
such buildings in addition to its Terminal Building project . The men
of the city who can be depended upon in matters of this kind should
be listed and a. thorough understanding secured with them as to what
they would be willing to do so that the Chamber of Commerce could
obtain prompt action when matters of th.is kind come up. There sbould
be a definite understanding with the banks also regarding this subject, as it is vi tal for the Industrial Bureau to know what it can
ies
depend upon for qu ick action when opportunit of this kind come up .
Every foot of rentable factory floor space in the city should be
carefully listed and full descriptions and photographs kept available
in the Ind,ustrial Bureau files. The rental rate of this space should
also be definitely agreed upon so that the Industrial Bureau can
act as renting agent.
There is a substantial and steady demand for rentable factory
floor space and the more' of such space that can be made available
in this city , the easier it will be to secure new industries.
Realty owners and men of means should be encouraged to erect
factory leasing buildings being given every aid possible by the
Industrial Bureau in finding tenants. The Chamber of Commerce should.
act as renting agent not only fo r the Industrial Development Company
but for every leasing factory owner in the oity. Particular effort
should be made to fina a renter or buyer of the locomotive works
property.
Very frequently it will be found that
&'"1
industria.l "pro speot"
whil e favorably inclined toward looation in this city t Will ha.ve
induoements of various kinds offered by other cities and may be
�26
influenced to an exten t by such ini uc emen ts . If only a small
•
expenditure 'Nould be required to meet such competition , such as
defr ying of moving expenses, purchase of factory site , or some
similar offer , then the business men of this city would be very fool ish to lose a good industry and additionul pay roll through failure
to meet such c·ompetition. ,d. small fund should be provided in advance
for suob emergencies
nd renewed as often as may be necessary .
If the competition with other cities for a new industry
involves the giving of a bonus in cash , then it would be well to let
the other city have the industry , for the securing of industries on
such a basis is not good policye
If, however , the securing of the new industry involves the
providing of part of the capital of the manufacturer through the
un erwriting or selling of stock or bonds , then it is quite within
the legitimate scope of the Industrial Bureau to endeavor to place
such sto ck or bonds providing same shall be found to be a reasonably
safe investment .
The stock of any nevvly organized manufacturing corporation
even under the most favorable condi tions must · be considered more or
less speculati ve , although frequently such stocks prove to be excellent investments, such as the stoch of the Master Organ Company,
which was organized with local capital _
dhen however , it comes to conSideration of the bond s or preferred stock of the estab:1ished manufacturing corporations, then very
frequently such securi t iesmy be found to be a reasonably safe
investment
That a respons-ib1e and successful corpor tion might be influenced. in plant locati on through the local investment in its sto cks
or bonds , is by no means an anusual or unreasonable proposit
0
-r:1'requently the contemplated change in plant location is
brought about because of the very success and growth of the enterprise
calling for expansion and increase in capaci ty .. Such exp. nsion
requires add i tional cap i tal and it is ent irely reasonable that such
a manufacturing corporation should expect the corrununity in which it
is to location, to take a portioh of this new capital .
�27
Many cities which have been most successful in their effort
to secure industries have provided for j ust such cases as these and
to~day
Bos ton , Baltimore , Cleveland , Columbus , Pittsburgh , Cincinnati .
~cranton t
Sandusky , Louisville , st. Paul , Lafayette , Canton , ichmond ,
Salt T.Jake City , Cumberland and a number of other cities will welcome
any substantia l industry that has eto ck to sell .
These and other citie s have securities corporations organized
to care for such propositions or else have coteries of bUSiness men
who have undertaken to look after such propositions .
In many other cities each proposition of this kind is taken
up as it comes along and if found vlOrthy , a specialcampaign is
inaugurated to sell the stock.
This hap - haza rd method of handling such propositions , llOiVever
is not to be c ommended and it would appear that
in~
the
logioal thing to do will be to organize a ni. Industrial sVcuri tie s
Corporation which \lill make a business of unc1ervlriting industrial
seaur Ities of this kind and upon 1,>lthic,h tLe respons ibili ty of these
matters should fall . Such a corporation should be provided with
suifici ent capital to start it in bus iness in a sub stan tinl way and
should be operated as a business enterprise for the profit of its
stockholders as uell as for the up - build lng of the city.
hat such a business enterprise 10uld prove profitable h s
been demonstrated in a number of cities .
Certain safeguards are provided and banking methods
re applied
so th t the stochholders can feel reasonably assured of earning f ai r
dividends on their investment .. .
Baltimore , Md . has a development organization known as the
If
Industrial Corporation of Baltimore". This corporation adverti ses
extensively , offering "financial ass stance and other indu.cements
fo r the establishment of new manufacturing enterprises in Baltimore lf •
he sole business of this
co~oration
is to furnish or prooure
add ition 1 cap ital -for desirable inductr_ as and the co rporation
through its resources is prep ared to ha:ndl
the whole or any part of
\ , 250 , 000 .. BaJ.timore also has a
the capitalization up to ',,>1
ac t ory
�28
Si te Commission and has erected
UTO
indus tri a1 buildings , the
succesc of w1.ich has been so great that another similar buildin
is soon to be erected . This industrial corporation and the Chamber
of Commerce were instrumental in promot.i ng the development of the
Haryland Steel Company , the Bal timore3heet and Tin Plate Company ,
omp ny , the Curtis Bay Distilli!
the Curtis Bay Chemical
Co .,
The Prudenti 1 Oil Company , Davison Chemical Company , Hess
Company , B rtlett-Uaywood Company and others.
lant is
~he
teel
Hess Steel
cood example of the co-operat ion of Baltimore t s indus-
trial Company and this is only one of the large plants th t has
been brough to Baltimore through the financial co -operation given
by this corporation . The
f~ctory
site commission erects fa.ctory
build ings on a ten year lease basis .
Scranton ,
a fund of
'~l , 200
" has an Industrial Development Corporation and
, 000 . Of this Scrant on since 1914 has invested
;281 , 000 , in manufacturing enterl)rises and ha.s brought in 0500 , 000 .
ong the more im-
outsido capital invested in its industries ..
portant corporations in which the local investment company took
stock are the United Ribbon Co ., E .P.
utro Sons CO e, Keystone
aper Box Co ., Sal Mountain Asbestos Co ., Bieliield and
Co.
t
lfu.cker Truck Co .
and. :;)cran ton
_
~"{el
t
Scranton Overcoat Co.
t
phan 'hoe
Euston Process
0. ,
and S ring Company . {fuile Scranton rai sed the
,~l t 200 , 000 .. for' investment purposes, yet the Board of Trade also
raised a fund of
100 , 000 . for industrial promotion in other forms .
The population of Scranton is only 130 , 000 .
Pittsburg , Pa", does not tax machinery and. in variou' other
~ays
co-operates for the proteotion and promotion of its
manufactur ~
ing interests. This city has an industrial development commission ,
and in 1911 raised a fund of
'~136
, 000 . which has been used in
various ways for financial co - operation in
secu~ing
additional
industires •.fuile this oompany had onl:r a small fund to work with ,
its establishment resulted in securing in four and one half years
~.
time industries representing
~ , OOO ~ OOO .
additional capital . One
line of its effort has been in the securing of bank credits for
�29
desirable industries. I n one case this indust r ial commission
securedl~l J 500 , 000 .. addition 1 capital stock and ~250 , 000 .
in
tho form of a mortgage to assist the industrial entorprise.
other concern was brought to Pittsburg through the efforts of the
commission and secured additio.nal capital in the sum of
~o
,:~200 , 000 .
similar organizations secured assistance in the sums of
~140 t OOO
each and one secured ~lOO ,e OO. additional capital , the stock being
so ld thr ough the effort of th is commiss ion and in the latter c' se
a line of bank credit was secured amountine to ~~60 , 000 . In one
inst 'a nce , a ..::>mall local manufacturer limite
capital ,secured ~lO t OOO .
by lack of workin
dditional capital t.rough the effort of
the commission and th i s i hvestment was supplemented by an addition 1
investment of ~40 , 000 . and the concern which ori inally employed
15 men to-day employs 150 . In another caSe the commission turned
a one man
op into a business employing 50
seour d the loco tion of t·vo
pa~er
60ple . This coromi uion
box concerns representing
investments of over .~150 , OOO. The capital of this Pittsburg
, Industrial Development Commiss ion is to be 1 r e1
increased,.
The records sho v that Canton , Ohio gained over 50% in its
y roll in tte five year previous to the uuropean war'
The rapid
growth of C ton has been due largely to the operations of an
Investment Securities Company operated as a business enterprise by
individuals who only consider tle building up of the city as a
result rather than a purpose of their enterprise. NeVertheless ,
througl: the underwri tine of industrial sto cks by this investment
cor or3.tion , ~lO , OOO , OOO . have been added ' to t e capital invested
in Canto n indust ie s dur ing the pa st ten yoars and
h s been added to its industrial pay r oll .
corpor at ion not only un
er~iTri tes
~3 t OOO , 000 .
his securities
stocks of manuiacturin
companies ,
but resells these stocks at a prof t to the investing public.
, on
some of tho concerns un erwr itten Yvere the United
Comp ny t the 13
•
Ler!iIf.
ompc.n
ompan~T o.nd the r.lctropo1i tan
year and a
If 'anton has
over ~6 , 000 , 000. in ne~
t
the Bucker
ving .dri ck
rO~'J'n
nd Gibbs
10
ompany. In the iast
even more ra idly
t value
heet ret 1
c1 has secured
�30
e
Binghamton , N. Y. has an industri al development cQI!Ipany which
has op eJ;'atod for eight years and paid 6jb regularly to its sto ckholders ..
The city of ,[aulregan t Ill . has been developed by tl:e Northern
Illino ise Industrial
sso ciation which is about to increase its
capital stock to ena bleit to extend. its operations . This company
has not only secured
11
large number of industries for ,aukeg n , but
has paid 10;0 dividends to its stoc;kholders. Its operations
COllS
ist
of the purchase of bonds and mortgages and preferred stock and the
making of loans .
Buffalo , IT . Y. gained 475 industrial estahlishments in the
last five years .
leadinG member of the Buffalohamber of Commerce
states that this prosperity can be traced directly back to the raising
of an industrial fund of $100 , 000. in 1910 . Though the fund was small ,
the resultant unified effort on the p rt of the citizens brought
about the creation of a new era of industrial progress.
In
leveland , Ohio during
t~l e
past twelve months , 2 , 000 , 000.
square ·feet of factory floor space has been a dod representing the
ind ustrial d.evelopment of the city . Cleveland has .grown very rapidly
and vlhile its citizens have always been active in pr omot in' industrial
growth they only recently have organized an i ndustrial securities
corporation and are now making investments in the sto cks of new
ind us trie s ..
Cincinn ti, Ohio has grown very rap idly industrially and
while not having a development company , a number of the prominent
citizens have a pool among themselves for the taking o'er of stock
of industrial enterprises whose location can thereby be secured in
incinnati.
The little town of Poughkeepsie , N. Y. Lad an industrial fund
of
~'50 , OOO ..
and secured a number of industries therebyo
In Lafayette , Ind. , a town of 27 , 000 an in ustrial development
company was formed and the stocks of two m ufacturing enterprises
ha ve been underYlri tten within the last year.. In
•
letter issued to
the sto ck holders of this development company t dated
11
ust 15th , 1916 t
the fo 1101V'ing statment was ma.d e:
"uhen the Lafayette Development Company was being organized
�31
its promotors made the assertion that such a company was not only
a necessity for secllring the factories , but that it would also make
a profit for its stockholders .
rTThat this statement was true has been demonstrated in the
Anderson Folder company rna tter and thr ough this deal a good profit
has been secured making the stock which you purchased worth more than
you paid for it. In addition to this profit we have located a very
promising new factory. We have therefore fully accomplished the mission
for which this company was organized. »
In addition to this company mentioned the Lafayette Development
Company has agreed to underwTite
~
th~
stock of a binder twine company
amounting to $35 , 000 .
Columbus , Ohi o , has a $250 , 000 Industrial Securities Company
and has already secured a number of industries through its operations .
Louisville , Ky., has ~ 1 , 000 , 000 . Industrial Development Company
on the plan similar to that of Scranton , but has not been in operation
long enough to make any investment .
The Greater Des Moines Committee says that the committ e e has
secur ed a number of fact ories through financial assistance , among them
being the Howard Furnace Plant , the Wrought Iron Heater Co .
t
Frank
Mfg. Co ., Iowa Blue Print Paper ,Co ., the Jones Company and the Pitt sburg
Plat e gl ass Company. The Greater Des Moines Committee has no indus tri a l
fund , but secures finan uisl
~upport
from the citizens . Among other
towns which have industrial securities Corporations ar e Huntington , Ind .,
Richmond , Ind. and Madison , Wis .
Other cities in various parts of the country have secured
rapid industrial growth by other forms of industrial effort. One of the
methods used is known as the Guarantee Plan and operating under this
plan the following towns have securedma.ny additional industries :
-.
Boston , Mas s . , Davenport , Ia. , Williamsport , Pa ., Easton , Pa .~
Wilkes Barre, Pa., Jackson , Mich ., Topeka , Kan., Rockford t Ill .. ,
Sioux City, Ia ., Morgentown , W. Va. , lVichi ta , Kan. , Covington , Ky."
Butler , Pa ., and drian , Mich.
In Easton , Pa .. Bas high as
~~375 , 000 .
has been loaned at one
time . The, aggregate amount Of loans in five years have reached $3 , 000 , 000.
�~ow Cke
to
,,///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////,,; ~s
1'tc!U- S (,,13(
.s~c u yt: /k-~ fa eaf(0 2-L
'l'////////////////////////////////////////////////// / / / // / ///////////////,
QUEENS BOROUGH
'l'///////////////////////////////////// ///////.
C][ TY O]f' N E -W- YORK
'l'/////////////// ////////// /////////////////
PUBLISHED BYTHE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF THE BOROUGH OF QUEENS
Vol. IV.
No. 1.
JANU ARY, 1917
PRICE, $1.00 A YEAR
10 CENTS A COpy
THIS IS A SPECIAL EDITION CONTAINING AN ARTICLE
PREPARED PARTICULARLY FOR
Paint and Varnish Manufacturers
Showing the Advantage of Locating
MAIN PLANTS or BRANCH PLANTS in the
QUEENS BOROUGH SECTION OF NEW YORK CITY
. NEW YORK CITY'S NEW IN DUSTRIAL CENTER
•
T hi s map shows the re lative size and location of th e five boroughs comprising New York City-
Queens Borough- the central borough- occupies 37% of the total area .
�"~"~mm"~"~"H;'N~HH""H"~'''''''''mH",,,,,,\ W''H'~.'''H;.tN';'N';"H''''';'''''';''Nm'H;;~''H;
__
••
'''~I#I'''N_N_~''''''''_N''_H''_H''''NN"""'N~H.,s~.Jf:_rj\~rf.)!''''; ''_;_~''HH;~~H;'WNN~NN~H.fN;~H'WNHN"N"";N.WHN~HNN'N'N"'WH"W'''''_~HH~HHN~'N'N''N'~_H~N;_N_HHNHHH~"HHHNH~NHHHHN;";"'W;"'N;"'W'H_
__'''''';_''_''_ _
__
~7~61~CrM;!llEH._I.
Twenty-Two Paint and Varnish Factories In Queens
Borough, New York City Manufactured
Chamber's Industrial Survey Shows That These 22 Plants
Over $6,000,000 Worth of Products in 1916.
"VERTY-T\iVO paint and varnish manufacturing what thle par ticulair variety of product, t.he manruplants, with products for the year 1916, valued . j'acillrer ,i n Queens BOTOtlgh has a distinct advantage
at over $6,000,000, places in the hands of the oveT c01npetitm's elsewhere, not only in the greater
paint and varnish manufacturers of
ease in selling his products, but in
th e Queens Borough section of New
delivering them to the distribution
WENTY-TWO manufacturing corYOl'k Oity approximately 4 per cent.
points in J\Ianhattan.
porations located their plants in
.of the entire production of these comThl'011gh the Long I sland Hailroad
th e Queens Borough section of
modities in tho United Statcs. With- N ew York City, becaus e it is th e most sy~tcm and the Queensbol'o Terin ] 00 miles of Queens Borough are advantageous po int in the country for minaI, with their car lighterage and
12,000,000 people, or one-eighth of the manufa c ture of paint and varnish package freight .facilities, Queens
I Sel'VICe
.
f a11 tle
I
the population of the Umtecl States. from the viewpoint of accessibility to B oroug11 1laS tlC
0
materials, economy of manufacture and
These striking facts and others are s trategic position as to sale and dis - great trunk lines. The same freight
revealed by the r ecently completed in- trib·ution of products.
l'ates apply from Queens Boroug'h
dustrial survey made by the Ohamas from Manhattan or Jersey Oity,
bel' of Oommel'ce of the Bor ough of
or any othel' part of the N ew Y ork
Queens eN ew York City), whieh is especially active at Zone.
Thc cal' lighters haye the same relation
the present time in developing and perfecting its present to the terminals as l'ailroad switching tracks.
Tho
indu stries and in cO-0'perating with manufacturers in Long Island Railroad Oompany with its nctwork of
other cities who are desirous of moving their factories tracks and sidings in Queens is the connecting mad
or in establishing branch plants in the industrial area taking cars from or delivering to the plants of the
of New York Oity.
manufacturers without extra switching charge.
]\!(any manufacturers have been deterred from movQueens' manufacturers have the advantage of sid·
ing to New York Oity, because of what they considered ings on the Long I sland Railroad, which are not availan excessive cost of factory space. This is an el'l'oneou s able to manufacturers in Uanhattan and the Bwnx,
impression sO' far as Que611s B0'rough is concerned, for who are obliged to haul their freight by drays to' and
lin this section of New York Oity land is far 1e::;s costly f l'om tho nearest fre ight terminals.
than in the oldcr, built-up sections of the city, and still
Freight Rates.
Queens Bor oug'h has all the advantages that any other
In rail shipments to New England points Queoos
part of New York Oity possesses. It is rapidly becom- Borough has a distinct advantage, through the utilizaing "Th o Industrial Oenter of New York Oity" and is tion of the N ew York 0011l1ecting Railroad, built and
to-day a Borough of ovor a thousan d fa ctories.
operated j ointly by the New York, New Haven &
Oomparative cheapness in production, in assemb- Hartford Railroad and the Pennsyhania Railroad,
ling materials, t.ho relation to the Port of New York for which affords an all-rail 1'011 te from Queens to every
both imp0'rt and export advantages, tbe coastwise ship- part of the United States. This road is now comping facilities, the great rail transportation systems, pleted and operation will stal' t in the Spring of
give Queens Borough a unique position as a manu- 1917.
facturing and distl;ibuting center. It draws its labor
F r eight rates on less than car load lots of paint
from all parts of the en0'rmous labor market of the and varnish to some of the more important consuming
largest city in the world, made quickly available by points are as follows:
a network of rapid tJ"ansit lines at a five-cent fare.
Paint
Varnish
T
T
New York a Distributing Center.
At the prosent time a large percent!1ge of all
paint and varnish pl'oducts of the United States are
distributed from New York 01' through the medium
of the New Y Ol'k mal'ket.
Uuch of the paint and
varnish product of the Oentr al West finds its way to
New York Oity for distribution and pays the extra
fr oigh t costs. It is clear, therefore, that no matter
To
2
Boston .. ;....... ... 26.3c....... . ... 32.4c.
Buffalo .......... ... . 20.1c. .......... 29.5c.
Philndelphia . . . . . . . .. 12.6c........... 15.8c.
Baltimore ..... ...... 18.90..... . ..... 2,b.2c.
Atlanta .. . ..... .. .... 66. c. .. . ........ 81. c.
Pittsburg ... . ...... . . 22.1c........... 31.5c.
Bt. Louis . . . . . . . . . . .. 43. 1c.... ... .... 61.4c.
San Francisco . . ..... 225 . c........... 265. ~.
�,
'~~:
< 7/,",
W""""N'''NJ''''''''N'''''~N'~N'''''J''m",,,,,,,,,,,,''~NNi'''~''''N'''N'#''/''"~"""'''''''''~'''''''''''''''''m"''''''''''''''''''''''''''~''''''''N'''''~'''''''''H''~''',,,N'"''~'''/.f\f..J\jL;1.J.i.\}'::h''L''''''''''I''''IN''''HHH7/NHJ'''HHH'''''_'J/H#~_H;;""NH/;;'J""'HN'J"/'nh'N""";N;;"_~""'''_~HN''~'''''''NH/"'HMWHNJNN'/"/"N;;''';;'_I;NN''~N/NNN'dh7_
~J~)~{~nfiM:r_
"\~HH)lr\)V
Economy of Coastwise Shipping.
troubles as in many localities. The average scale in
the paint and varnish trade is about as follows:
Few persons realize the great advantage of availl' bility to coastwise steamship transportation.
To the Skilled varnish makers . ....... . ...... . $25 per week
large total of consumers of paint and varnish product2 Varnish makers' helpers .............. $17 per week
ill this territo·r y the manufacturer in Qu eens Borough Varnish plant laborers ...... .. $6 to $12 per week
is economically nearer than the manufacturer who may .Mill men .. ... .. ... : . . ............. $20 per week
he neaTer in actua l miles bnt who has to pay all rail Mill helpers ................... .. ... $17 per week
freight charges_
Some of t he coastwise steam- Drivers ... ....................... ,.. $15 per week
shi p f rei g h t
The nin e hour day and 54 hour week prevail in the paint and varnish industry at this
rates to these
ECAUSE of the high cost of everything in ma~u
location.
points, as comfacturing, overhead charges are bemg scrutInpared with rail
ized more c lo sely than ever, and m anufacturers
Workmen in Queens Borough are well
rates from are realizing more a nd more every day that to main- favored as to housing and living conditions.
Cleveland to the tain the highest standards, they must h ave p la nts of With the subway, trolley ,and elevated lines
Th ey are turnthe highest efficiency a nd low cost.
centering in Long Island City a workman can
same points, are ing for them to Queens Borough.
be
employed in Queens and reach his home
as follows:
in almost any residential section of New York
for a five-cent fare.
From Cleveland by Rail
From N.Y. by Water
1st Class
1st Class
The proximity of Queens to other large manufac
19.6c..... . ........ 53 .9c.
To Philadelphia. . .
tming centers is a distinct advantage and it has beCl~
Baltimore ........ 32. c.. .. . . . ... ... . 52.9c.
easier for local manufacturers here to procure labor
Norfolk ......... . 37. c.............. 57.7c.
than if they were situated in more isolated localities.
Charleston .... . ... 57. c. .. .... . ...... 43 .1c.
It is a well developed fact that "labor makes labor"
Savannah ........ 57. c.......... .. .. 133.9c.
ar~d manufacturers nowadays consid er it an advantage
Jacksonville ...... 67. c...... ... .. . . . 133.9c.
to be located in more or less congested manufacturing
New Orleans .. . .. 70. c............. . 116. c. districts because of the better opportunity of securing
Galveston .... .... 75. c........ . ..... 202.3c. needed employees from the over supply of labor.
Export of Paint and Varnish Products.
Power.
The market for American made paint and varnish
vVhile paint and varnish plants are not large
products is rapidly developing in. Central and South
consumers of power, still this factor in m anufacturing
American States as 'wel1 as in other foreign countries costs is of some importance. Many manufacturers in
and this market affords a 'i"ondel'fnl opporQueens find it of
tunity fer the progressive manufacturer.
advantage to use
HE r ece nt industrial growth of Queens is not
A paint and varnish manufacturer lopub
1i c service
a n experime nt.
It is based ' on sound condicated in Queens Borough has a very great
electric current
tions.
Land is cheap; rents lower; buildings
advantage over competitors elsewhere in ex- thorough ly modern; insurance rates low. With new for power. This
port trade, in cluding facilities for reaching transit lin es a lready in operation, which bl'ings is available from
the foreign buyers easily and the elimina- Queens to within four minutes of the Gt'and Central the central staStation, Manhattan, a nd more lines soon to be opened
tion of ra il fr eight costs entirely.
tion of the local
lead in g to all parts of the city for a five-cent fare,
As previously noted, Qn e8ns Borough it is not to be wondered at that manufacturers have ligh t and power
is in a most strategic position as to delivery grasped the opportunities the Borough affords.
company. The
of products to the great local market of the
power rates in
New York zone. The Ql1eensboro Bl'id~>c
Queens are lower
enters Manhattan at 58th Street, practically the than the power rates in New J er-sey. The rate of induscenter of the city. Drays can deliver to Manhattan not trial gas in Queens is 80c. per 1,000 cubic feet and the
cnly over . this bridge but also via the vVilli amsbllrg gas is of high heat valu e.
Bridge, 34th Street ferry 01' 92nd Street ferry. ProCost of Material.
dncts can 1e delivered to lower Manhattan by trucking
A comparison of the cost of materials used in mancompanies at an average cost of .10 cents per cwt.
11facture should not be based upon the availability 01'
Labor.
cost of anyone material, but upon the total cost of al i
'['here is an ample supply of laL-or availab'e in materials required to manufacture a given quantity of
Queens Borol1gh for the paint and varnish manufacfl. certain product.
tmers and they are not bothered with uniOI). hoor
On this basis Ql1eens Boro11gh is the lTJ,ost eCOH-
B
T
3
�~~==------=~===============================================================
F ACTS ABOUT TWENTY-TWO PAINT AND VARNISH
FACTORIES IN QUEENS.
Date of
Arti cles
Establishm e nt
Ma nuf ac tured
in Queen s
Varn ish a nd paints ............. . ... . . .... ...... . ....... 1846
Varnish, ena)nels, japans ....... . . . .......... . . . .. . ..... 1850
Varnish and paints .. . .................................. 1877
Paint and varnish for carriages ......................... 1880
Varnish and paints ....... . . . ...... ....... ... . .. ........ 1880
Varnish, en a mels, j apan s ........ .. .... ... .. . . ... ........ 1883
Paint, varnish , enamels ... . ......... ... ....... ..... . ..... 1886
Varnish an d paint ........... . .... . ............ ... ....... 1894
Printing ink , varn is h, litho varn is h, belt dressing ......... 1895
Varnis h and paints ..... .. . . . ........ .... ... .. ........... 1 902
Banana liquid, SO lidifi e d a lcohol .. ..... .......... . ....... 1902
Varn is h and paints .............. .... ...... .. ........... 1908
Varnish an d paints ................ .. .............. .. .... 190 8
Dry paints .. . ............. . ...... .. .... ...... ... .... . ... 1908
Varnish, paints, enam e ls a nd waterproofing ..... . ......... 1912
Varnish ........ ... ......................... ... .......... . 1912
Technical a nd structu r a l co m pounds ..................... 1914
Dry a nd p ulp paints .... ............ .. ................... 1916
White lead ................. . .............. ............. . 1916
Varnish, enam e ls ...... .... . . ... ..... . . ..... . ...... ...... 1 908
Varnish .... . ... . . . .... .. . ......... . .... . . ..... .......... . 1916
Lacquers ............................... . ................ 1916
No . of
Name of Firm.
Employ ees.
Maye r & Lowenstein. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 50
Emil Caiman & Co .... ... . . . .......... .... ............. . ... 50
Edward Smith & Co ............... . ... . ................... 45
C. A. Willey & Co................. . ...... . ................ 75
Standard O il Co ......... . .... .... .. . ... . .................. 48
Thibout & W a lker ...... ...... .. . . . ............... . ... .. . 28
ChUton Paint Co ................ .. .... .... .. .. .. . . ... .. . . . 20
C h ase Roberts Co ....... .. ................... . ... . ... ... . . 26
George L. Fen n er Co................ .. . . . ... .. .... ......... 5
Matheson Lead Co . ... .. ... . ..... . .... . . . . .. . .. .. ......... 100
Toch Broth e r s ..... . . . ................ . . . . . .. .. . . ....... . . 70
Co m pound Specialty Co . ... . . . ............ . ............. . . 9
HOI'n Holland Co . . ........ .... . ...... . . ... ............... 35
National Varnish Co ...... . ....... .... .. . . ........ ... ..... 45
J . W. Coul sto n & Co... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 15
Imp eria l Paint Co . . .... . .......... ... . . . . .... ....... . ..... 12
S h epard Varnish Co. .. . . ...... ... . . .. . ............. . . .. ... 5
A. C. I-lorn Co... ... .. .. . .. . . . ..... . ............... . ....... 15
Harmon Co lor Works .... .. ... .. ... . . . . .. . . .... .......... . 10
Pratt & Lam bert .................. ... .. . ..... .. ... ... .... 17
Lion Varni s h Co. ..... .... ......... . .. .. . . . .. . ............ 5
D amard Manufacturin g Co. ............. . ................ 4
I~========================================== -==================
omical point for the assembling of materials to be
filled the same day from stocks on hand, or if h e wishes
f(lund in the entire country.
to deal direct with the naval stores of the sou th, h(3
Difference in the cost of materials is the difference
can secure shipments by coastwise steamers at exceedingly low rates.
in the buying price plus th e difference in the cost of
delivery to the pl ant.
For example, he can get his rosin from J acksonN ew Y Ol'k is th e greatest buying and selling marville by water f or 13 cents per cwL, while a comket of the country. It is at this poin t that the price
petitor ill C'e\'elalld would have to pay 27 cents per
of materials is fixed.
It is at this point that the
cwL by r ail. H e can obtain shipments of turpenti ne
"bargains" are m ust likely to be found in every line.
fwm Jacksonvillo by water at 22 cents pel' cwt., while
It is of advantage for a manufactmer to be close
111s competitor in Cleveland would have to pay a raii
freight of 39 cents.
to the great sellers and distribntors with whom he can
establish close personal r elation s
,}Vood and Grain Alcohol.
thall to be in some isolated secW ood and grain alcohol can
REASONS WH ICH PROMPTED TWENTY tion where he must do his buybe obtained mor e cheaply in
TWO PAINT AND VARNISH MANU- .
in g and serin g by mail or wai t
K ell' York than anywh ere else
FACTURERS TO ESTABLISH IN
for visiting representatives.
in
the country . A large proQUEENS BOROUGH.
The Queens B orongh manuportion of the wood alcohol usod
factlll'er can buy his materials
is manufactured in New York
in large or small quantities to
State.
1. Availabl e space and cheapness of land,
suit his needs and m ay have
nearest th e center of New York City.
White Lead.
same delivered to his door at
2. Access ibility t o t h e r etail and wholesal e
the smallest pClssible delivery
No (Jl1C city has an ad van tag.:
ce nte r of N ew York C ity, the biggest
marke t of th e wo rld , with a population
costs.
ovor another in the cost of
of 7,500,000 living within a radius of
Ii it is linseed oil, he simply
white lead in dry fo rm and yet.
25 mil es.
telephones to several of the comin accessibility to the snppl,)'
3. E xcep tional shipping for incoming raw
petiti ve oil dealers for quotathe
Queens manuia'cturers havc
material an'd for outgoing m a nufactured
tions, places his order, and the
an
advantage.
The Matheson
com modit ies.
same day can have his oil deLead
Company's
plant is locat4. Ad e q uate supply of labor.
livered to his plant without
od
in
Qll
eons
Borough,
right ill
5. Low power, in surance and freight rates.
charge, while ' his competitor
tho
mid
st
of
the
paint
ancl
var 6. Bett e r housing facilities fo r e mploy ees.
mu st pay freight ch arges.
nish plants. Close by, ·on the
7. E xce ll e nt rapid transit facilities.
The same process holds tru e
N ow J ersey shore, are still
8. Part of greatest export and import
if he wants turpentine or rosin
market of the wo rld .
other large works, prochlcing
and he can have his requirements
I~==============================~I , dry white lead and zinc.
4
��I
'\
-C'N1I1r(¥~~r
U\~HH)j~·;v'
1916---Quee~s
Borough's Banner Year.
Borough President Connolly Reviews Public Improvements- Nearly Two Million Dollars Spent
Last Year- Rapid Growth Keeps Officials Active Supplying Public Works.
has just had its banner
QUEENS
year so far as public improvements are concel'lled, according to, a
statement of Bor ough Presiden t Connolly, to tI le N. Y. H erald, on DecemLr1' 24th, as follows:
"There has been spent in Queens,
during 1916, for permanent improvements for the use of the property
owners and to assist builders and real
estate developers in their proj ects, the
sum of $1,800,000. These are improvoments which will remain fOT
years and which have been established
4ccording to the general borough and
city plan. There h ave been repaved
and resurfaced fifteen miles of street,
sixteen miles of sewers have been
eonstl'ucted and maps covering 6,000
acres have been finished and appro,;ed
by tho Board of Estimate.
" IVe have h ad tllo co-oper ation of
the big real estate ownors, tho ]]l en interested in handling real ostato, t1 e
home owners and progressi vo ci vic organizations.
From these valuablesnggestions have been recei vod, and
they have . cooper'atod with borough
officials to get the improvements most
needed.
" The fact is Qlleens is growing so
l'apiclly it requires tho greatest care
to give to each section what is needed
there and at the same time provide
for those improvements which benefit large districts.
"Local improvements have been
advanced with a due regard to the interests of th ose individual property
owner s who must pay for them by assessment.
"Dnring the year there hav o been
])1artically completed tho sevoll teell
milos of new rapid transit En os i n tIle
l. or011glI. I llave lem'ned from tho
l eal ostate men of Qnoells that a1roady they arc feeling the benofi t o,{
those extensions. They pred ict large
1uilding activity along these now
tl'ansit Jin os, and the borough administration has given particular study
Lo th o needs of these districts to detc-rmine what local improvements
must be installed to anticipate the
coming popnlation and to assist the
Luilders and real estate developers.
"I have no hesitancy in saying it
is my belief that the progressive spirit
of tho men engaged in developing the
1'cal estate in the bo·rough will result
in such increased values that the oxpectations of the city's offi cials will
1::e more th an r ealized".
I
TO PAINT AND VARNISH
MANUFACTURERS
We specialize in factory property
in the Borough of Queens and have
located several of the largest factories
here.
We have complete listings of
available sites and can arrange to
finance the erection of factory buildings
upon leases. with option to buy.
THE OUEENSBORO CORPORATION
W. J . HARDGROVE
Manager , Brokerage Department
Tele phone 801 Astoria
Bridge Plaza , L. I. City
,
Read All of th e Advertisements- L earn From Them.
6
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~~CniiMi,\;{gl
.~
CHILTON PAINT CO.
PAINTS and
VARNISHES
COLLEGE POINT
BOROUGH OF QUEENS
NEW YORK CITY
.
(lTI11f.)VWrm
DON'T PAY RENT fOREVER,
MANUfACTURERS
FACTORY SITES
are now offered for sale where
already are located the LooseWiles "Sunshine Biscuits," the
American Ever-Ready Works
of the National C arbon Co.,
Fahnestock Electrical Co., Brett
Lithographic Co., Studebaker
Co., Paul Wissmach Glass Co.,
Operaphone Co., Rome Metallic Bedstead Co. , Kindel Bed
Co., the Defender Mfg. Co. and
Marcus Ward, Inc. We can
prove our claims of savings in
Rent, Power,lnsurance, Trucking and Labor.
Weare offering factory sites for
sale one block South of the Qyeensboro Bridge, where we recently
erected buildings for the Sterling Gum
Co. and Kozak & McLoughlin Shoe
Co. Arrangements can be made
with us for a building to meet your requirements on a lease and purchase
basis. You will own the Building a
A dual Cost, for the Rent You
Would Pay Elsewhere- or Less.
For map of Long Island City and
further particulars, address
l<'or Illustrated Booklet,
WRIT[ QUEENS SUBWAY BUILDING, LONG ISlANO CITY
Phone Hunterspotnt 4500
CROSS &BROWN COMPANY
:DEGNON ·
NATIONAL BRIDGE WORKS
. TERMIN~L'
18 East 41 st Street
New York City
' ·STEEL WHEN YOU WANT IT"
5,000 tons of beams,
channels, plates and
angles in STOCK ready
for I M M E D I ATE
delivery. Prompt delivery of fa b ric ate d
materials.
PLANT, REVIEW AVENUE
LONG ISLAND CITY
Phones :
Hunterspoint 3966, 3967 , 3968, 3969, 3970
The World's Best Technical
Paints Are Made in Queens
Made right here in Long Island City, the great line of R. I. W.
technical and scientific paints and compounds are supreme in
their field.
There 's a special R . I. W . preservative for every damp and
:waterproo.fing need. There's an R . I. W. to protect every build109 matenal- steel, brick, stone , concrete or wood.
All paints coat- R. I. W. paints pro/eel.
THE "RED BOOK" TELLS WHY
TOCH BROTHERS
320 F IFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK
TEC Hl\ICAL AND SCIENTIFIC PAINT MAKERS SINCE 1848
CENTURY AUDIT CORPORATION
Works : Long Island City, T'o ronto, Canada and London, Eng.
MILES S. CHARLOCK
Preside nt
No. 41 PARK ROW
NEW YORK
A Corporation which has been
rendering services for years to a
number of the Members of the
Chamber of Commerce of the
Borough of Queens, in connection
with the devising and installation
of Cost and other Systems, and
the Auditing and Examination of
Accounts.
Can
The Corn Exchange Bank'
CAPITAL, SURPLUS & PROFITS, $ 10,000,000
DEPOSITS, OVER
$100,000,000 .
I
QUEENS COUNTY BRANCH
•
PLAZA BRANCH • BRIDGE PLAZA AND ACADEMY ST.
GREEN POINT BRANCH MANHATTAN &GREEN POINT AVES.
•
•
JAGKSON AVENUE AND fOURTH STREET
ASTORIA BRANCH • • • • 75 fULTON STREET
flUSHING BRANCH • • ••
II 6 MAIN STREET
We Serve YOU?
TELEPHONE CORTLANDT 2142
The Large Resources and Efficient Management Guarantee the Maximum of Advantages and S ecurity
SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS
Read All of the Advertisements- Learn From Them.
7
�•
•
•
..,
"
'""'/""N"NNNNNNNNN#N//NIIINNh,,,,/N/NJN,/NNNNNNN/N/N/NIN/NN/h",h"'N/"NfNN/NNNNN#N/NJ//NJ/NfJIN/NJNIJ"H//lINNJNII//N#/J/INNNhWN//NN//NNNhdA
Influx of New Factories Continues to Queens.
Fourteen l'\ew Manufacturing Concerns Come to the Borough of Queens During the Months
pf November and December.
T the December meeting of the
Chamber held Frid ay, D ecember
16th, tl lc Manufact1ll'ing & Indnstr ia!
Com mittec pr cscn tcd the fo']mving
li st of new fnctories cstablishcd in
Qll ce ns.
T11csc 1L1 new factorics reportcd
sincc thc last meeting held October
27th- a period of less tb ar~ two
months- rounds out a f nll two-yeaI'
record of more than one new factory
each week established in Queens.
. The names of new factorics are as
follows:
A
The Bey e r Dyeing &. P r int ing Company,
engaged in dyeing and finishing si lk r ibbons, have moved their business from
Manhattan to Long Isla nd City, into a
modern brick buil d ing, part ohe a nd part
two stories, containing 20,000 square feet,
w hi ch they recently erected on the east
s ide of Payntar avenue, between East
avenue and S h erman street. Sixty h a nds
are employe d .
The Beacon Falls Rubber Sho e Com pany , of Beacon Falls, Conn., has established a branch plant in College Point.
They are located in part of the o ld U. S .
Metal Products Company's build ing and
are operating u nder the name of th e Top
Notch Company. They a re now employi n g 100 h ands, but expect to materially
increas e th is numb er b efore long.
M. Goodwin &. Company, of Brooklyn,
h ave established a branch lumber yard
in Lon g Is land C ity on property contain l n g 10,000 squ are feet, wh ich they have
leased between Davis and Pearson streets.
The Manhattan So a p Company, of 426
"Ves t 38th street, New York , has recently bough t from the Degnon Realty &
Terminal Imp r ovemen t Company a plot
of ground, contain in g abou t 1.00,000 square
feet, on Hunterspoint avenue, extending
from Dutch K ills Canal to Orton street,
Long Is land City, as a s it e for t h e:r fac-
tory now located in M a n h attan.
They
exp ec t to begin the e r ec tion of a bu il ding in the ea l"l y spring of 1917.
Th e Aut o Sp ec ia lty Equipm e nt Com pany, I nc ., of 600 Jackson avenue, Long
Island C ity, a r e lay ing foundatio n s for a
three-story, co n crete and bricl, b u ilding,
abo u t 50x100 feet, on Jack son a venue,
r,ear Honeywell street, adjoining the Ford
Motor Company. It is expected th e building will be readY for occupancy by F e bruary, 1917. T h ey are who lesale dealers
in automobi le supplies and speciali ze in
Willard storage batteries.
Th e Truli e -Go od Gum Company, In c.,
recen tly organized for t h e manufacture of
chewing g u m and confections, h as leased
th e third fl oor of the Degn on loft bUil ding, Creek and MeadOW streets, Long Isla n d City.
Th ey expect to be in operation early in December, e m ploying a bout
t e n hands a t the start.
Th e Am e rican Chicl e Company , which
has several chewing gum factories in t h e
middle west, w ith offices in Metropolitan
Tower, Man h attan, has taken over the
plant of th e Ste r li ng Gum Company, Long
Island City. and w ill operate under the
l'ame of the American Chicle Company.
Th e Qu ee nsboro Tool and Di e Com pany, Inc., recently organized, has lo cated in the old Ru sse ll loft bu il d ing on West
avenue, Long Island City, having leased
part of the fourth floor. They expect to
b e in operation ear ly in December, e mp loying about 20 hands.
The Oa k es Manufacturing Company,
makers of dye stuffs, Ste inway, Long Island City, has given out contract for the
immediate constru ction of a two-story
concrete factory building, 200x32 feet, to
take the place of the one recently destroyed by fire .
.
Thomas B. Ab e ll, manufacturer of laces
at Maurice avenu e and Ry e rson street,
Winfield, is adding a n other story to his
b uilding, which will have a ltogether
8,000 square feet floor space.
Twelve
hands are e mployed.
Th e Standard Mus ical Str ing Manu facturing Company, of 111 East 77th
street, Manhattan, has leased the twos tory brick factory bu il d ing at W infield
(form el'1y u sed for t h e m a nufac t u re of
aerop lanes), and will move their manufactur ing department from Manh attan
earl y in Jan uary, 1917.
They will emp loy 15 hands.
Th e Inter national Oxyg e n Company,
manufactu rers of oxygen and hyd r ogen
gas, whose main factory is at Newark,
N. J. , has located a branch factory at
Co ll ege Point, having p u rchased part of
t h e o ld Karsch brewery.
'l'hey expect
to be in f ull operation bf Jan u ary 1st,
1917, and w ill emp ' oy 25 hands.
Th e Crystal Ice Manufa ctur ing Com pany , recent ly incorporated, has established a p lant for the man ufacture of ice
near Elmhu rst Station. The b uilding they
have put up is 83x86 feet, and the capacity
of o u tpu t is 150 tons daily.
Th e Gl e ndal e Consum e r s' Ic e Company,
In c. , recently organ ized, are laying found a tions for a n ice p lant near G le n dale
Station.
The b u ilding w ill be of brick
and steel constru ction, 26x125 feet, two
stories in height.
The p lant, which will
h ave a capacity of 75 tons dai ly, is expected to be in operat ion in March, 1917.
Commercial
Photography
BEST
DONE
BY
THE
Caulkins
Studios
Tel. Flushing 3450
HARMON COLOR WORKS, In'c.
HIGH QUALITY
BLlTES
_0o
GREENS
YELLOWS
_0o
FOR ALL COLOR USERS
First Street and Second Aveo, College Point, No Yo
Read All of the Advertisements- Learn From Them.
8
REDS
�Per son ali t y-
The Industrial Centre Line
OF THE
You will find in this bank,
reflected through its
directors, officers and employees,
a personality whicl) has b een
developing through many years,
by reason of the men who have
directed it, its traditions,
its reputation, its principles,
and by its intimate association
with the growth of the community
in which it is doing business.
Manhattan & Queens
Traction Corporation
Serves as an additional inducement to
the development of the Borough of Queens.
This new line gives a three cent fare or
two tickets for five cents from Manhattan to
the INDUSTRIAL CENTER now developing
T/iroubtuap
east ()f the Sunnyside Yards, Long Island City.
~ru5t
(!Companp
Long Island City Office
MANHATTAN AND QUEENS TRACTION CORPORATION
BRIDGE PLAZA, LONG ISLAND CITY
S. B. SEVERSON,
General Manager.
FREDERIC G . LEE. President
J . WILSON JONES, Manager
IMPERIAL PAINT COMPANY
•
MA,\UFACTURERS OF
Structural Waterproofing, Technical Paints
and Varnishes
76 - 80
TENTH
LONG ISLAND
STREET
CITY , NEW YORK
R ead A ll of the Advel'tisem ents- Lea rn From T h em .
9
�,-\1 it1~~\r('.
-dtlt~hWi~:&
LJ~;lUUJl~)iJ
Every Policy Issued
Andrew Cone
General Advertising
Agency
by THE HOME INSUR1\NCE COMPANY, NEW
YORK, is backed by the Largest Cash Assets of
any fire insurance company in America; and by
a Sixty-Three-Year-Old Reputation for Fair Dealing
and Prompt Adjustment and Payment of Losses.
Underwriting Capacity and Service Second to
None.
Tribune Building, Manhattan
A "Service" Agency
numbering among
its clients many of
Queens Borough's
Leading Ad vertisers.
Consult us now!
Mr. Manufacturer:
Telephone
Beekman 2792
([ Are you in need of new or additional banking connections? If so, we would be glad to consult with you.
fiRST MORTGAGE GUARANTEE
COMPANY
([ You will find this a strong, progressive Bank, able and
willing to loan you all your credit justifies, and whose
unexcelled connections enable it to eliminate from your
books the burdensome Exchange Account.
BRIDGE PLAZA NORTH, LONG ISLAND CITY
NEW YORK CITY
MORTGAGE LOANS
BUILDING I.OANS
BANK OF LONG ISLAND
GUARANTE£D MORTGAGES
FOR SA LE
I
THE WORLD'S ' LARGEST BAKERY
QUEENS COUNTY
TRIJST COMPANY
JAMAICA
LONG ISLAND CITY
375 Fulton Street
Bridge Plaza North
....
This Company acts as Executor,
Axministrator, Trustee, Guardian,
IN LONG ISLAND CITY
. Transfer
w her e
~un~~iu~ ¥li~~uit~
T r u s tee
are b a ked.
Agent,
under
Registrar
M
0
and
r t gag e s.
-....-
OVER FOUR HUNDRED VARIETIES
including such favorites
as WHOLE WHEAT WAFERS and
the small tasty CHEESE CHIPS
HIGH-GRADE INVESTMENT SECURITIES
Read All of the Advertisemen ts- Learn From Them.
10
��•
NEW YORK CITY
.~;iI!il!jl:L ~~a.-...-·
)t
F
L
COLLEGE
OLLEGE POINT, Third Ward, Borough of Q u eens, derived its name of College Point by reasons of a college
located here in 1826. There was quite a settlem ent at
this tim e a t t h e Po int a nd manufac ture rs , seein g t h e many
facil ities offered, located h ere and today College Point has a
population of 15,000.
It has ch u rches of a ll denominations,
Its educational advantages are many, having t h ree public
schools, a lso a par ochia l school, Saint Agn es's Academy, and
a Technica l Institute, call e d the Poppenhusen Institute, which
is run on the lin es of the Peter Cooper Institute of New York
City,
Co ll ege Point h as beautiful shaded str eets, well paved
a n d li g hted, a lso good sewerage.
It is 1m own as o n e of the
p l'ettiest t own s comp ris ing Great er New Yo r k. It has p ublic
parks, plentiful room for the child ren and has the lowest death
rate of any village near New York.
It is from fifty to one
hundred feet above sea level.
Coll ege Point h as a very extensive water front on :B~ lu shing
Bay a nd E3-st River, and has m any commercial advantages,
It is on l y 7% miles from t h e h eart of Manhattan or Herald
Square.
Access to Co ll ege Point is had by way of train,
twenty-three minutes' ride from the Pennsy lvania Station at
C
V
POINT,
S
LONG
f{
G
I
B
\. Y
-
20 TO 35 FT. WATER
'l::::::t!:#:::;'"Ntrr'"
ISLAND, "WHICH
IS A PART OF
~
FLUSH ING."
Thirty-third Street and Seventh Avenue, a five-cent fare on
trolley from Fifty-ninth Street a nd Second Avenue, New Yorl;:
side, v ia Qu een sboro Bridge, or Queensboro Subway, East Fortysecond Street, College Point Ferry from N inety - ninth street
a nd One Hundred and Thirty - fourth Street, C lasson Point,
ferry f r om t h e Bronx, and a trip across the Sound of only six
minutes, with low ferriage charges.
Some of the factories located here are:
No. of
Manufacturer
Product
Employes
American Hard RubberCo, .... Hard Rubber Goods ........ 1,000
Autopress Co ...... ....... ... Printing Presses .. . ..... ,.. 300
J'ul ius Brandes Manf. Co .... S il k Ribbons .. ............ 150
R. A . Weber Dye 'yorks .. .. .. Dyestuffs ... . ............ , .. 15~
Empire Art ::\.fetal Co .......... Metal Doors, Sash & Trim.. 800
I B. Kleinert Rubber Co, .... .. DrC'ss Shields, etc........... 850
Tl'aun Rubber Co, ........... Rutber Goods ..... . ........ 400
L. VV. F. ~-:ng , Co , . ........... A('roplancs. . ...... ......... 150
Beacon Fall s Rubber Shoe Co .. Tennis Shoes .......... .. ... 500
Rainier Motor Truck Co ....... Auto Trucks .. .. ... . ....... 350
S. W. Rubber Co ........ ... ... AutoTires ................ 150
Read All of the Advertisements-Learn From Them.
-
Frankan & Co ............... 3moking Pipes .............
Red Star Ship Corporation .......... . ............ . .....
Chilton Paint Works ......... Paints and Val·nishes......
Kraemer Bros ............ . ... Woodworl,ers ........ ......
Geo. J. Stelz Boat Works ...... Boat Bui lders..............
Mynepho Si lk Mills ........... Sill;: Ribbons .......... . ....
Hunter Illum'd Car Sign Co , ... Car Signs .................
Ventilation Co., Inc ........... Ventilators, etc . . :. .........
J , H. Gerlach Co .............. Blanl;: Bool;:s ..............
Meinheimer Bros, ............ Surgical Rubber Goods. . . . . .
Eureka Rubber Co ........... ,Raincoats, e t c , .............
Reilly Engineering Co, ........ Mach ine Shop ..•..... ......
National Chain Co . ...... . . . .. Chains, etc. ................
Harmon Color Works ......... D yestuffs ....... ,.... .....
British-American Chern. Co ... Medical Chemicals .........
College Point Shirtwaist Co ... Sh irtwaists ................
International Oxygen Co, ..... Oxygen ..... ,..............
12 Small Factories ............ Printers, C lothiers. etc ......
50
20
100
50
25
350
100
25
25
50
100
50
350
10
250
100
50
200
For further inform:ltion inquire of E. E. Suydam, Empire
BlIilding, Second Avenue and Ninth Street, College Point, L. I.
Teleph<;>n e~ 1800 Flushin~.-Adv.
�32
A number of development companies in various cities have devoted their
funds and effort to the promotion of industrial buildings and factory
buildings operations. Financial corporation of this kind has been
very resultful of success in Haverhill , Mass. , Toledo , Ohio , Cleveland,
Ohio , Indianapolis , Ind., Racine , Wis. and a number of other cities.
In nearly all cases the investments have proven profitable to the
stock holders and the effort resultful in securing new industries .
Various forms of industrial effort have been carried on by
cities , two note worthy cases being Los Angeles and Newark,N.J . In
the former city, · $12 , 000 , 000. additional capital was invested in
e
industries in the first six months of 1916. Four new industries a
week have been brought to newark , N.J . during the past year through
the effort largely of its real estate operators.
Nashville , Tenn. started in the year 1913 on a definite program
of industrial development and since that time has brought to the city
74 new industrial concerns representing the combined capital of over
d~2 ;t 000 ,. 000 .
Over 25 new industries
J..
ave been brought to Portland , ] e .
during the last few years.
The population of Youngstown, Ohio in 1910 was 79 , 000 and in 1915
this had leaped to 115 , 000 entirely due to industrial growth.
In New Haven, Conn. the list of taxable property increased in
t 'en years from
;~112 , 000 , 000.
to $160 , 000 , 000. largely due to industrial
growth and during the five years previous to the European War , the pay
rol l jumped from $16 ,.000 , 000. to $27,000 , 000. per yeare
Bridgeport , Conn. has grown so rapidly industrially that it has
recently been found necessary to form a million dollar corporation to
build houses for workmen. This growth has been due largely to the industrial effort of the Board of Trade and the increase in indu$trial
establishments is due only in part to the results of the war , most of
the new establishments being of a permanent character and of diversified
kinds and many of them established there through the efforts of the
It
Board of Trade .
�INDUSTRIAL ANALYSIS
Confidential Report to the Associated Industrial
Service.
None of this information will
be given out except by permission
•
1.
Date ._ _ _________
2.
Name of Corporation or Firm' _ _ _ _ __
3.
Business
±.
Present Plant 'L ocation' ______________________________ _ __ _
5.
Products Manufactured 1_ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __
6.
What would the acquirement of this industry mean to any city which secured it '
llddress ~
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __
a-l'o. of persons to be
emplo~' ed ~
Skilled Males _ _ _ _ __
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __
U nskilled Mal es _ __ _ __
Females _ _ __ __
b-.Amount of payroll annually $ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
c-Valu e of plant and other tangible assets to be removed $
<I-Complete value of all assets when finally established ~ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
_
7.
What would you expect of the city that will secure your industry '
8.
How soon could you establish yourselv es in a new loeation ?_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ __
9.
.Are you a corporation, co- partnership, or a number of individuals associated as and calling yourselves
a Company ~
10.
(Explain Fully)
If a corporation:
a - When and under the laws of what State were you incorporated ~
b-Is your charter perpetual
~
If not, what is the term thereoH
c-What is your authorized issue of common stock, and what is its par value per share ~
d- What is your authorized issue of preferred stock, and what is its par ,value per share 1
e-What rate of dividend is provided by your preferred stock, and is it cumulative'
f-Does your preferred stock carry any preferences other than priority as to
what are they ~
dividends~
If so,
•
�g- What are the respective voting rights of the common stoek a,nd preferred stock ~
h-Are there any provisions for retirement of stock ~
i-Is aU your stock full paid and non-assessable ~
If so, what are they'
If not, give particulars.
j - -What authorized bond issues have you? State whether mortgage or debenture bonds; give
total authorized amounts, par value, term, rate of interest and dividend periods of each.
k-Are there any provisions for retirement of bonds before maturity?
If so, what are they?
1-What are names and address of your President, Treasurer and General Manager?
m-Are there any provisions for the retirement of bonds through a sinking fund? If so, what
are they?
,
11.
If a co-partnership:
a-When was the partnership· formed, and for what term?
b-What are the names and addresses of the partners?
c-Is your partnership unlimited as to individual liability ? If not, give full particulars.
d- What is the basis of distribution of profits and losse., ?
12.
If a number of individuals associated as a Company, and operating under a Company name, but
unincorporated:
a-When was the association formed, and for what term ?
2
�b- '~Vhat are the names and addresses of the parties interested?
c-What is the basis of distribution of profits and losses ?
--------
-----------------------~~~---------------------------------------
d-- What is the nature of the agreement of association under which you are operating?
13.
If you :ue already a corporation or about to become one, and intend to put an issue of stocks or bonds
on the market:
a- \"lould you be williug to wholesale a large block of
the balance?
sto~k
and enter into a contract to retail
h- Wh~t amount of COlllmOll stock do you propose to sell, and at what fig ure do you propose
to sell it ?
c-What amou n t of preferred stock do you propose to sell, and at wha t fignre do you propose
to sell it!
What. dividends will it earn ?
d-What character of bonds and what amount thereof do you propose to sell, and at what
figure do you propose to sell them ?
•
e--How much stock will be put ill as promotion stock?
f-Will you give any bonus of common stock to those who buy the preferred stock or bonds ?
If so, in whitt proportioll ?
g- What commission will you pay for selling any portion of your stock or bonds?
h-What commission will you pay for wholesaling a large block, and in what proportion will
you sell?
i -What commission will you pay for retailing the balance, if any ?
j-Will the bonus of common stock given to the purchasers of preferred stock or bonds vary
as between purchasers of large blocks wholesaled and purchasers of small amounts sold
retail?
If so, give full particulars.
3
�14.
How much cash, if any, do you propose to put into the pl'oll1oting and advancing of your business ?
15.
How much into new machinery and equipment?
16.
Would you be willing to form another corporation, if it could be shown that it was expedient for
you to do so ?
17.
If you have not already incorporated, but intend to do so :
a - Under the lawS! of what State do you propose to incorporate 'I
b-Give the names and addresses of th@se whom you propose to have as the incorporators of
your Company.
c -Give names and addresses of those whom you propose to have for your officers and
directors, stating their respective offices.
d-Give a short analysis of each individual named as a prospective promoter, officer, or
director, stating wby he is able and competent to take his share and part in the business.
4
�e- How much common stock and how much preferred stock will be apportioned out for promoting services; how much sold for cash, and at what figure ~
f- What will be the assets of the Company at the start ~
respective values-
Enumerate in detail with their
g-Will you at the start assume any liabilities of any kind ~
their respective amounts.
If so, enumerate in detail with
18.
What is your finished product, and what is your annual production in quantity and value ~
HI.
In what region is your principal market for the sale of this product ~
20.
In what region are there other good markets for the sale of this product
21.
Do you sell to the jobber, retailer or consumer ~
22.
Do you sell f. o. b. factory, or f. o. b . destination ?
23.
What is the extent of your foreign sales and to what countries?
24.
What were the amonnts of your net sales, in dollars and cents, for the past year in the various states
of the United States, and in foreign countries ~ State separately.
25.
What is the extent of your competition ?
5
~
�competition~
26.
What superiority is there in your product to meet this
27.
State specifically the number of salesmen selling last year in each of the above states and countries.
28.
How large will be your investment in stock of finished product to be carried ?
29.
What was the average annual remuneration per salesman ?
30.
On what basis are your salesmen paid-commission, salary and expenses, or salary alone ?
31.
What classes of advertising do you use ~
penditure for each class last year?
32.
What raw materials and partly finished materials do you use, and at what prices do you purchase
them ?
33.
In what markets do you buy them?
34.
What materials and quantities do you need to buy in the town in which you locate?
35.
What freight
ra~es
In what territories were they used, and what was the ex-
are you now paying on materials?
6
�36.
What class of power do you use at the present time, and what does it cost you per unit ?
37.
If you use electric power, state voltage, and if alternating current is used, state also phase and cycle.
38.
What is your primary horsepower requirement?
39
What would be your largest monthly consumption of electric current, k. w. h. ?_________
40.
What rate do you now pay per k. w. h. ?_ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
41.
If you use coal, what kind and what do you now pay for it and what quantity annually?
42.
What are your requirements for industrial gas?
43.
On the basis of net sales:
a- vVhat per cent. represen\s your net cost of manufacture?
b- What per cent. represents your overhead manufacturing cost?
c-What per cent . represents your selling expenses?
d-What per cent. represents your administration and oflice expenses ~
..
e- What per cent. represents your net profit 1
44.
What is the sales price of your product per unit, in dollars and cents?
45.
What is the amount of your weekly payroll ?
46.
What is the total number of your employees 1
47.
State briefly the various classes of male employees, the number of each class, and the average wage
of each class
48.
State briefly the various classes of female employees, the number of each class, and the average wage
of each class.
49.
Do you employ the same number of hands throughout the year'
the various classes?
50.
Is there a present shortage of labor where you are located, and in what class?
7
If not, what is the fluctuation in
�51.
Do you work on a time basis or a piecework basis?
52.
What is your attitude toward organized labor: do you approve of it or an open shop
53 .
Have you any by -product of manufacture ?
and at what price?
54.
If you are already operating and desire to move to another locality :
~
If so, what is it, in what market do you dispose of it,
a-Have you any choice as to the general locality in which your new plant should be located ?
If so, what is it, and why do you consider this general locality especially desirable ~
b-What concessions, if any, are necessary from the town to which you would move ¥
c-If substantial concessions were made to you in the town to which you move, would you be
willing to have a local man, satisfactory to you, sit on your Board of Directors ?
d-How near to a railroad would it be necessary for your plant to be located, and why ¥
e-vVould you need a siding:
If so, how many cars should it hold?
f-What class of factory, as to construction, would you need , and approximately how much
would it cost to erect?
g-Would you prefer to rent or buy land or have buildings erected for you ~
h-Would you be willing to purchase buildings and site on reasonable terms with easy payments over a period of years ~
i-Would you require cash if you moved
~
If so, how much and upon what terms ¥
j - What discount privileges have you where you are now located ?
k-What discount privileges would you require in the town to which you move?
••
1-Would you be willing to do your banking exclusively with local institutions ? If not, what
would be your reason for declining to do so ?
8
�m- Wha,t is the amount of loans that you have at the present time which it would be
necessary for you to pay iu order for you to move from your present location ~
n-Do you intend to have new machinery and equipment thronghout , or do you intend to
utilize that which you are now using? If you do not intend to utilize all that you now
have, state briefly what you intend to retain and what you intend to discard , with their
respective cash values.
o-If you intend to utilize that w.hich you are now using, would you be compelled to discontinue manufacture as soon as y ou begin to dismantle, or can you coutinue until the
last of it is moved ~
p-State approximate weight and class of machinery, equipment, tools, raw material ano.
man ufactured stock, etc., which would be necessary or ad visahle for yon to move.
q-Would this machinery, etc., be adequate for your needs in your new location ~
what is the probable additional iuvestment that would be necessary ?
If not,
r-How 10Ilg would it be after the completion of your new building before you could complete your moving and installation?
s-How long ante I' completion of installation would it be before you would be manufacturing?
t-How long after completion of installation would it be before you were operating on such
a basis as would insure the profits you anticipate ?
u-vVould your needs in the labor line be different than they are at present' If so, give
particulars. ViTould you bring your employees with you to your new location?
v-What housing provision for workmen would be necessary ?
w-- What would be your approximate decrease in net profits during the period of moving and
until you were in a position to begin operating again ~
55 .
What have been your net sales for the last five years ~
56.
What have been your net profits for the last five years ?
9
Sta,te separately .
State separately .
�57.
If you are a corporation:
a-State separately what dividends on common stock and preferred stock have been paid
<luring the last five years.
b-Have you any dividends or cumulative preferred stock that have uot been paid?
what period do they cover, and what is the total amount unpaid?
c-1s there any interest due and unpaid on your bond issues?
amount due and unpaid, and what period does it cover ~
58.
If so,
If so, what is the total
If we are to assist you in locating your plant:
a-Have you any objection to having our expert accountant go over your books?
·what is your objection 7
If so,
b-Would you be willing to allow our merchandising expert to advise you as to your manufacturing and selling plans and operations, in the event of your books not making a
satisfactory showing ? If so, what is your objection ~
c- Would you be willing to have our efficiency expert advise with you on y our manufacturing costs and system ?
59.
Describe your patents and processes, their value, and liability to patent infringment litigation ?
60.
How much of your working capital will be tied up in book accounts and bills receivable?
61.
How much are you planning to expend yearly for experimentation ?
�62.
If you are already organized and operating, kindly fill in the following statement of assets and liabilities:
ASSETS
Quick Assets
Cash
Stocks-Investments
Bonds
"
Bills Receivable
Accounts Receivable-Trade only:
Good
Bad or Doubtful
Deduct:
Reserve provided for Bad Debts
~ferchandise
Inventories- at cost:
Manufactured Stock
Raw Material
Expense Supplies-Inventories:
(list in detail)
Machinery and Equipment
'rools
:B-'ixtures
Real Estate:
•
Book Value
Assess~d
Value ($ _ _ _ _-'---_ _ __ )
Stock Sabscriptions Receivable:
Total SubscJ;iption
Amount Paid
Balance Unpaid
Franchise
Good-will
Patents, Copyrights and Registered Trade Marks
Other Assets-list in detail :
Totl\l Assets
�LIA.BILITIES
A.ccounts Payable-'rrade
Bills Payable:
Loans:
Unsecured
Collateral
Trade Paper
Mortgages Payable-other than those given to
secure Bonds
Bonds Payable:
Secured by ~ortgage :
A.uthorized Issue
In 'rreasury
Issued and Outstanding
Debenture:
A.uthorized Issue
In Treasury
Issued and Outstanding
Other Liabilities-list in detail :
Total Liabilities
Net Worth
Net Worth-brought down
(If a Corporation)
Capital Stock:
Common Stock:
A.uthorized Issue
In Treasury
Issued and Outstanding
Preferred Stock :
A.uthorized Issue
In Treasury
Issued and Outstanding
Surplus
Deficit (deduct)
(If a Co-partnership or A.ssociation)
Names and Respective Interests:
J2
�63.
Have you any assets of any kind, contingent or otherwise, tbat do not appear in the foregoin g statement? If so, kindly ellumerate them and state their respective values.
fi4.
Are any of the assets enumerated in the foregoing statement of assets a nd liabilities pledged as col·
lateral to secure the payment of any debt or obligation of any kind ? If so, give pa.rticulars.
65.
Are your Machinery and Equipment and Tools regularly depreciated ~
If so, wbat percentage do
you provide ? ] f not, what is the basis of the values stated in th e foregoing statement of assets
and liabilities?
66 .
Are your Fixtures regularly depreciated' If so, what percentage do yon provide ~
the basis of the values stated in the foregoing statement of assets and liabilities?
67.
Give brief description of the various pieces of real estate included ill the foregoing statem ent of
assets and liabilities, stating their respective book values and assessed values.
68.
What are the cash values of the buildings on your various pieces of real estate ~
6H .
If you have stated any "alne under Franchise in the foregoing stat ement of af:lsets and liabilities,
g ive full particnlars, indicating what comprises thi s item and its actual cash value.
70.
If you have sta.ted any value under Good-will. in the foregoing statement of aBset~ and liabilities,
If not, wh at is
state how you arrived at this valuation and what the actual cash value is .
•
71.
If you have stated any value under Patents, Copyrights and Registered Trade Marks, give brief
descripti.on, dates and cash
Patents:
~alues
under the following classification:
Pending:
Caveats:
Issued :
•
Copyrights :
J3
�•
•
Registered Trade Marks:
72.
State in detail the various mortgages covering the real estate enumerated in yonr statement of assets
and liabilities, whether they are given to secure bond issues or not, the dates of maturity, the rates
of interest, and the interest periods.
73.
What is the amount of your contingent liability on discounted Bills Receivable ?
74.
Have you any liability as endorser, guarantor or bondsman ? If so, give full particulars .
75.
Have you any other liabilitie~, contingent or otherwise, that are not stated in the foregoing statement
of asset8 and liahilities ? If so, what are they?
.
76.
With the return of these questions, please forward to us detailed statements of Manufacturing, Trading,
and Profit and Loss covering separately year by year your operations for the last fi.ve years.
77.
With the return of these questions, please forward to us a series of photographs, at least 4x5 inches
in size, showing from different viewpoints the complete plant you are now using', whether owned
by you or not.
78.
Give such other information as you think might be advisable in order to have the town to which you
wish to remove see that it would be beneficial to said town to have you come there .
•
_ •
It is hereby certified that the above information is correct .
Date
(Signed)
14
�33
Industrial Analysis
OF
Reported for
Associated Industrial Service
of New York
�•
':rUE I NDUSTRIAL PAY ROLL •
The prosperity and growth of any community , is measured
by the extent and growth of its industrial pay roll . This represents
largely the dollars coming in as payment for manufactured products ,
and put into circulation in the form of wages .
This flow of outside money comine into the city , is the
lifeblood of the city Jc business interests. Decrease it and business
stagnates , increase it and every business interest is more prosperous .
This outside money coming in , aids to offset the inside
•
money going out in payment for products manufactured in other
localities •
There appears to haVe been a lack of progressiveness on the
part of the citizens of Danbury , in their failure to take advantage
of past opportunities for industrial development.
That Danbury may fully sbare in the present period of ind ustrial grow'th 8.nd expansion , is surely possible if its citizens
will take advantage of present opportunities and follow the pr9gressive and agressive methods of other cities .
Danbury ranks well in advantages with other cities of the
state , If the City does not show a more rapid growth during the next
few years , the fault will be solely with its citizens ..
It would be a mistake to gloss over the fact , that durin
.the past few years the progress of Danbury has been slow. It is far
better to face the truth and look for and apply the remedies.
And too it would be untrue and f ool i sh to assert that effort
to secure more rapid growth would be futil e. Other cities succeed
in making themselves grow more rapidly , DANBURY CAN DO THE SAlffi.
orne narrow minded men make the assertion , that more industries will not make the city better and more prosperous. Such
an assertion is senseless .
The larger the industrial pay- roll , the more prosperous
will be eve.ry line of trade and business . Raise Danbury r s
~5
, 500 tOOO
indust r ial pay roll to ~~lO t OOO , OOO and every citizen must benefit .
�35
More industries means more money in circulation , more
1It
taxable property , higher real estate values , larger revenues for all
institutions, more business for the professions , more wage opportunity
for the laboring class , more trade for the merchants .
Therefore , is it not worth while for every citizen to
give close study to the present industrial situation and e7!.ery
possible perso-nal effort toward the securing of more rapid
industrial growth?
•
'
-~ -
�17
\ '-( 3
D
dots can we
on t h is map t h is e a r ?
dots indic a te indus rJ:..e.8..
shed previous to Jan.
1, 1917)
every new industry
dot and add its
the cenaus t able
pay roll
Indicat
wi t h a r
•
.
�A CITY PLAN
How many times have citizens of Danbury remarked upon t he short
siehtedness of their forefathers, the leading citizens of the
Danbury of years gone by, who were responsible for the layout and
rrangement of the city as it stands to~day?
If only "they"had been wise enough to look ahead a littler
If "theyTf had only done this or not done that, how much better and
more convenient and more beautiful a city we would have today.
Present day citizens are inclihed to ignore the fact however
that they are the fore fathers of future generations and as such,
have a certain responsibility to see that things are done right
sofar as possible while they have anything to say about civic matters.
Few ci ties have been laid out in advance according to any
specific and prepared plan, but more and more the o1tizen~ ~ of p~o
gressive communities throughout t he country are coming to realize
the wisd,om of creating and adopting a definite city plan.
A city cannot be
should be.Build ings
short notice. There
the mistakes of the
turned up side down to make it over as it
cannot be torn d.own or new ones erected on
is no magic art that can immediately remedy
past or rearrange civic conditions.
A plan can, howeyer, be adopted which will prevent more mistakes being made, and which in time may overcome to a large extent the mistakes of the past.
The carrying out of sucn a plan is not the work of a day or
of a year of of a decade. It is the work of a half century.
Never-the-less the adoption of such a plan can improve conditions
year by year so that we may see its benefits even in our own day
and generation. It is not the province of this Industrial Survey
to cover the various phases of investigation that would devmlop
fully the basic information necessary to formulate
complete and
perfect city plan.
The studies of conditions made during the progress of this Survey,
however have brought forth certain suggestions which might form
the nuclens for further efforts to perfect a practical city plan,
and these suggestions have particular reference to factory location.
Danbury's industries are largely scattered throughout the city
and many of them are located illogically to secure the most favorable
manufacturing conditions and improperly in relation to residential
development. An industry located in a section that could. and should
properly be a residence section is an injury to all the property
in that area in lowering its residential value.
Such industries cannot be removed from their improper locations
at the present time, but city ordinances can prevent their enlargement or their being rebuilt when they have outlived their
usefulness or have burned down. City ord.inances can prevent
further erection of industrial buildings in sections whioh should
be residence sections.
This is only one phase of city planning.
A city plan is divided into three important divisions:
�38
1.... The future treatment of spaces devoted to .streets,
railways, waterways and all means of transportation
and communication.
2... The future treatment of the spaces devoted to all
other public purposes.
3- The future treatment or use of private lands or properties in so far as it is practicable for the community
to control or influence such developments.
These three divisions have many minor classifications.
A city plan covers consideration of ·all subjects under these
classifications from the standpoints of:
1- Public utility a.nd. oonvenienoe
2~ City beautification
3- Furtherance of the oity's progress and development.
Among the subjects whioh would be considered in a complete
city plan would be:
Ie streets and highways
23....
45678-
Sewers and sewerage disposal
Vva ter supply
public utilities suoh as gas and electricity
steam railroad. traokage, crOSSings and property
Street and interurban railways.
Publio buildings
Parks and recreation grounds
9~ publio and private sohools
lO-Churches and charitable instituations.
ll-Civio and neighborhood centers.
l2...Housing and residential development
l3-Factories and industrial development
l4-Stores and meroantile development
15~Publie interest in priyate owned real estate
16~The subdivi4ion of lands
17-Building oonstruction and regulations
18-Zones and distriottng
19-Ci ty financing!1l!of future d.eveloprnent
20 ...City planning legislation
A cit,yplan as it relates to the future development of a.
community must work out a definite program for future civio development and publio improvements and. such a program must have for
its baSis, a olearly defined outline of the various sections of
the city with the boundaries of those areas fixed through a process
of oompromise and agreement, so that the future use and development
of those areas for various purposes may be permanently planned.
.
This is called. zoneing or distriating and has been successfully
acoomplished by a oonsiderable number of communities throughout
the country.
The adoption of til. districting or zoneing plan pr0ves of great
benefit to the realty interests ot a city as well a.s to its future
betterment.
When
property owner knows that his vacant land in a certain
rea is never to be injured by the near ...by build.ing of factories
or stores he feels safer in the development of such land and in
construction of residenoes for sale or rental. Such land should be
worth more and have a readier sale than if subject to the uncertainty
of future injury.
�40
•
oity oannot change its meroantile district to any great extent
and s the population grows this meroantile district is bound to
expand and spread out in one direotion or another. It seems
prob .b le that the trend of mercantile development in Danbury will
be north on Main street from White, possibly as far as the railroad orossing and south on Main street as far as the proposed civic
oenter. stores will also probably build up on both sides of Rose
street for one or two blocks, and on boths di s of \est street for
a block.
On the City Planning Map this area is therefore defined in
black as the mercantile area of nanbury.
The land each side of railroad trackage is suitable for little
else except industri 1 purposes.
•
A manufacturing establishment to be most advantage~ously
located should be located either alongside a railr od line or ccessible to the railroad by siding. Suoh an establishment should also
be acoess"ible by good streets to · the business center and to the
.
r~ilroad freight station. Thirdly, such an establishment should b
either within walking distance of residenoe sections suitable for
the homes of its employees or e sily acoessible to such residence
sections by street oar.
Applying 11 these cond.itions therefore the logioal and most
suitable area for the location of industries inDanbury is that area
defined on the City Plan Map in red coloring. Some of this are
while not closely adjacent to the railro d has already been built
upoto such an extent with industrial plants that it is not likely
to be used for any other purpose and is therefore included in this
area.
The seotions defined on the map in red coloring could be oalled
Danbury' s~'industria.l zone" and city ordinances should prevent the
construction of any more faotory buildings outside of this zone and
should not permit the construction of any more frame factory
bUildings within this zone.
With these areas d fined the remainder of the city bec mes
definitely fixed as the residence area in which no more factories
or stores buildings shouldbe oonstructed.
It is impossible for a community to regulate the charaoter of
its residenoe development by any fixed rules or regulations and
yet it is deSirable as a matter of city beautification and to make
the oommunity as attraotive as possible as
city of homes, that
unsightly and unattr otive places of residenoe be confined to as
limited and inconspiouous areas as possible.
Every manufacturing city must have its cheap residence districts,
sections where cheap houses or tenements are built, where shaaks
of almost any kind are allowed and where little attention is given
to appearances.
Areas adjacent to factory buildings can be considered unde.sirable
for ~uiat ~leasant cottag homes or first olass residence construction.
Such areas therefore logioally grow up to the more unde~sirable
and cheaper class of residences and tenements.
An attempt is made i n the City Plan Map to indicate by yello
coloring the ar as of this kind.
�41
•
The remainder of the 1 nd rea of Danbury can be considered
high class resideno property and is indicated by blue ooloring,.
Some of this area h s developed to a more oostly 01 ss of dwellings
than other portions but all of the area indicated in blue offers
possibilities for developement s first class residenoe districts
and this are is a large asset for Dan ury in offering the greatest possible opportunities for future home building and. for
m king Danbury famihus as a City of Beautiful Homes".
Danbury possesses good streets anq in view of the present
progressive plans for street and highway improvement little need
be s a id on this subjeot in this ohapter.
Danbury possesses an excellent w ter supply and w ter system
and ample provision has been made for the water needs of the city
for years to come.
D nburyts sewer system and methods for garbage disposal are
also to be oommend d.
Danbury , however has one eye-sore and publio nuisanc that
should be eliminated. That is the still River and its tributari s
passing through the oenter of the oity.
The Still River is nothing more or less than an open sewer
and lways will be such , and a oonstant menace to the public health ,
no matter how striot the oity ordinances until it is covered up or
diverted from its present course.
Danbury oan neVer become as attractive a place. of residenoe
s it should be until this eye~sore is done way with.
Its ragged banks lined with unsightly shaoks and dump heaps
re a disgrace to the community.
Th t the still River and its tributaries, Bogs Brook and
Meadow Brook on the north and Blind Brook on the south can be
eliminated is entirely possible and reasonable.
This oan be accomplished in two ways:
l~
By covering over these streams and oonfining them ,to an
underground sewer or tunn6l.
2... By direoting them through a pen-stock around. the city to
some point below the city and there utilizing them for
hydro-electric power.
Other cities having similar nuisances are covering them up
in a successful and practical manner.
The reclaimed value of the property over such a proposed.
tunn 1 would more thanpay for the oost of such a projeClt. These
streams now make useless an area equivalent to 528 city lots of the
dimensions of 50 x 100 feet. The value of such city lots which
might be created from nothing by the proposed tunnel project would
be upwards of $150 , 000.
a
Still river is already covered sucoessfully where Main nd
[hite streets pass over it and a number of large business buildings
are looated direotly on top of it at certain points. The value of
these properties now lying on top of Still River indioated what
other similar properties might be worth.
�42
•
The possibilities of utilizing the Still River for power
purposes through a dam and dikes at Lake Kenosha is taken p.p in
the power chapter of this survey.
Suoh utilization of this stream would solve the entire
problem as the water could then be carried around the city and
lower pOint thus making its present
. into its ohannel gain t
courSe through the city available for improvement.
A City Plan would probably call for the eventual elimination
of grade railroade crossings in D nbury. The cost of elevating
or depressing the railroad tracks would be so great as to make
this improvement prohlbitive to the New York, New Haven & Hartford
Railroad Company at this time, but a proper survey should be made
to show how the grade crossings could be eliminated and this
survey should control future street developments and building plans,
and eventually materialize into a defihite and practic 1 project •
•
••
�S G.n et Sugp.; e st eo. P :)..rk
ntial Area s
c1 enti;:;).l A'l' ee.s
at a i nd ic a te i ndustr
~l
p l ants.
r
�•
BUYING AT HOMID.
From a large number of manufacturers and local d:ealers in
various forms of material and commodities cornes the complaint that
in d aling with ~ Danpury~ buyers they are not give
fair
opportunity even on competitive bidding.
.
[hile this does not come under the head of manufacturing
investigations yet the matter has a very close relation to the
industrial development of the city and 1s a matter which should
be takem up seriously by the Chamber of Commerce.
The yearly bUSiness of our manufacturers and merchants
constitutes a large item of the commercial strength of the city. and
a substantial increase in that yearly business means a larger
w ge earners pay roll and greater prosperity among our business
interests.
•
Money sent out of tovm for the purchase of materials and
products should pass out through our own home dealers and merchants
thus · leaving in circulationnhere such portion of the amount as
represents their profits.
The complaints along this line would not be so general
unless there was substantial reason therefor.
It would seem of great advantage to all business interests
if some aggressive plan were devised by the Chamber of Commerce
to remedy these uns tisfactory conditions, and a "Buy t Home"
campaign undertaken.
There is a large amount of money sent out of the Danbury
trade area annually to mail order houses, and also a large amount
expended in shopping and trading by Danbury people in Bridgeport,
New York and elsewhere. If the profits in these sales could be made
by Danbury merchants the entire city would be that much better off
and the local merchants would be able to expand and improve their
establishments.
It is not to the mercantile trade alone however that the
"Buy at Home" c mpaign should be directed. Many manufacturers are
buying goods out of town that they might buy to etnally as good
advantage right here if they made the offort.
This applies to goods that might be bought of local dealers
and also materials that could be purchased of other m ufacturers.
For example, half of the fur used by the hat manufacturers
is purchased outside of Danbury, and yet one of the local fur
establisbments sells half of its product outsi~e of Danbury.
Only forty per cent of the leather used by the sweat band
makers of Danbury is purchased from the excellent tannery established
right here in Bethel.
Excellent cigars ~re made by Danbury cigar makers, yet loc 1
cigar retailers purchase very few local made cigars.
•
Ve would suppose that every citizen of Danbury would be proud
to wear a Danbury hat and yet many of the citizens are walking the
streets under hats made in other cities •
The buy at home spirit thoroughly instilled into the hearts
of all citizens would be an important means for promoting the
industrial deTelopment of the city.
�45
The635 mereantile establishments in Danbury employ 2050
persons and payout $1 , 830 , 700 annually in wages . Their upbuilding and. growth will be of material benefit to all other
business interests of the city.
, .
�A Traffic andIndustrial Bureau.
It is not likely that the firances of t he Chamber of
Commerce will for some time permit the employment
a separate
manager of the Industrial Bureau, but it is possible that a
plan could be adopted by which a Traffic Bureau could be
established and combined with the Industrial Bureau, and the
two departments be managed by one man, under the direction of
the secretary.
A man competent for such a position should be a trained
traffic man and would probably require a salary of (~ 2000.00 per
y ear.
In many other cities no large r than Danbury . a Traff ic
Manager has b e en provided partly through an appropriat ion of the
Chamber of Comme rce and partly through special suppo r t g iven by
manufacturers and other shippers and receivers of frei ght.
0=
In some cases the entire cost has been covered 'through
an auc1iting , collection and routing service f urn ished by the
Traffic Manager and paid for by local business interests in
proportion to the benefits received.
The service rendered ~y a combined Inr ustrial and Traff ic
Bure au can be summed up as follows:
I-Auditing of freight bills.
2-collection of frei ght claims.
3-Routing for shippers to secure lowest possible
frei ght rates.
4_presentation oT special demands, upon the railroads
for concessions or other benefits in behalf of t he shi ppers and
receivers of freight.
5- The tracing and speeding up of delayed shipments.
6-The adjustment of cl a ims.
7-Representation of interests of the cit y before the
Int e rstate Commerce Comnission.
.
8-The ferret ing out of unfavorable frei ght con ditions and
applying the
y.
9-TO remed
carryon
the work of the Industrial survey as r plates
to the remedying of unfavorable inClustrial condi,t ions.
lO-prepa rat ion of exploi tat ion work in l: ehalf of the ci ty.
11-0,arrying on of corre upondence and negotiations for
new industries.
12-TO serve the really interests bv promoting sal e s of
fact ory sites.
l3-TO conduct to as great a de gree a s possible an
Employment Bu re au service.
14-To carry on the promotion work of the Chamber i n behalf
of indus~rial development.
15-TO keep a watchful eye on existin g industri es and to
cooperate and assist them as f a r as possible •
•
�47
AN INDUSTRIAL BUILDING PROJECT
It would seem that the chief effort of the commercial organ ....
ization should be d.irected toward securing varied industries of
comparatively small size.
Such industries can be induced to locate here with less
effort and cost and offer endless possibilities for future expansion.
Danbury is however not prepared to find suitable locations
for such industries. Vfuile there are apparently several idle
factory buildings, few of them are of a character that would make
them attractive to a manufacturers contemplating locatioh here.
It should be the effort of the commercial organization to
secure industries on the basis of the advantages of Danbury
as a manufacturing location rather than simply because of financial
assistance given.
Therefore, the citizens of Danbury should place themselves
in the best possible position to offer manufacturing advantages .
If you can offer a oanufacturer a location at low rental cost
in a modern and attractive factory building where he can find just
the manufacturing conditions he desires and where he can manufacture
his product at the lowest possible costs and. overhead you will
stand a much better chance of getting him to decide in favor of
Danbury than if . all you had to show him was som
_uns uitable and
unattracti ve build ing that someone else had. abandoned.
You have a number of small ihdustries already established
here which would have a much better chance for success and growth
if they were located under more favorable cond.i tions.
That these small industries continue to grow and thrive is
rather a tribute to their inherent strength than to the s~pport
of the community. Yet there is no single element more important
to a community than the fostering of its infant industries •
. The small factory of to - d.ay is the large factory of tomorrow.
And, other things being equal, a large number of small industries ,
is more advantageous to the community than a few mammoth und.er""
takings . By carrying on diversified· enterprises , they give work
to artisans and laborers of all classes. Representing varied
interests . They are not subject to the ills that may attack a
Single branch of industry . They make for stability , and for a well
rounded-out industrial life .
Not being able to house your own industries properly , it
is quite impossible to expect small ind.ustries from other t owns
to locate
here .
presumably you have had many d.isappointing cases of this kind
"What have you to offer in the way of suitable factory accomodations?" has been the natural inquiry of the out-of- town manufacturer when he comes here to look over the ground . To whioh the
anSWer has inVariably been to conduct the visitor to a number of
more or less poorly equipped old fashioned factory buildings ;
almost always unsuited. to the manufacturer's purpose . Such negotiations have usually led. to d.ismal failure .
�48
SOLVING THE PROBLEM
This problem of suitable factory location can be easily
solved through a factory terminal or power building project ,
which of itself would. prove a profitable business proposition and
at the same time would be certain to attract many new industries
of varying size and character .
Ordinarily speaking a "terminal pro j ect" involves primarily
a concentration of railroad facilities . In this sense the chief
object is to secure the establishment of some central point. into
which the xailraods of a city would direct spurs and switches and
thus would form general classification and transfer yards .
Such terminals points are favorable locations for manufacturing
plants and theirnestablishment results in concentration of
industrial development .
Thought should be given not simply to the present, but to
your industrial growth for. yearn to come and to this end the
plotting and planning of your development project should be under'"
taken with the greatest care and forethought~ having in mind not
simply the one factory building which you propose to build at
this time but for a series of such buildings and other factory
buildings of various kinds and proportions .
You should layout your area or areas so that you can offer
suitable independent sites to manufa cturers who wish to locate here
without interfering with your plan-s for the erection of a series
of factory buildings of your own d~ring the years to come .
THE INCUBATOR IDEA •
The idea of cooperative effort in manufacture is not a new one.
Various cities have erected such buildings for the sole pur~
pose of encouraging and helping small manufacturing enterprisesin other wordS , for the fostering of "infant industries" . This
is why such cooperative factories are frequently called "incubator
buildings . " The ideQ. is based on the knowledge that many a worthy
small enterprise is handicapped in competition with large competitors because of its necessarily larger proportionate manufacturing and overhead costs.
The id,ea ha.s developed however and now involves not only giving
the nmaller manufacturers superior advantages and lower costs , but
the larger enterprises as well .
The Bush Terminal Company in Brooklyn has tenants who use as
little as 1000 square feet of floor space and others who use
225 , 000 square feet.
Some of the advantages offered to manufacturers to located in
such buildings are as follows :
123456-
Low rental .
Low power cost and low gas costs .
Free heat
Absolute~y safety from fire
Low insurance rates .
Superior shipp ing facilities and reduction in transportation
costs.
7- Superior daylight conditions (99 % efficiency) . '
8 ~ Low electric light costs .
9'"" Eliminat ion of drayage and, switching charges .
10~Superior manufacturing conditions .
�49
No wasted space . Every square foot available12e. C'onvenience and. saving in handling of materials and products .
13~ Cooperation with other manufacturers in many items of over~
head office and miscellaneous expenses .
14"" uick service on repairs and. machine shop work.
15- Advantage of holding labor under pleasant and. convenient
conditions.
16- Low cost of gas and compressed air.
17~ Same low cost and advantages to the small manufacturer as
to the larger conce ~n s .
18- No variation in heat conditions and therefore no lost timean advantage to certain processes of manufacture .
19- Sup er ior transmission facilities for shaft , group or
direct drive .
20- No d.elays in getting started mornings .
21- Increase in efficiency and therefore in capacity and
production.
22- No necessity for burying capital in purchase of lands and
buildings , and increased. overhead on same in taxes , upkeep , eta
23- Convenient source of material and supplies required in
.
manufacture •
24- Elimination of janitor and w~tchmens wages .
25- Elimination · of congested freight traffic conditions which
oause loss in reoeipt of freight and d,elivery to consumer .
26- El imination of cost of buying motors , the terminal company furnishing same on rental basis.
ll~
•
Other advantages can be named but any manufacturer will recog~
nize that the chief merits of such location can be summed, up in
these:
1 - Reduces cost of production.
2 - Improves quality of output .
3 ~ Increases volume of output 4 - Reduces transportationncosts .
•
The manufacturers in the Toledo building estimate that they
secure 25~b greater efficiency from their workmen because of the oonvenient arrangements for manufaeturing system , savings in time in
handling materials and products , extention of daylight period , and
convenient conditions of labor. In Toledo the insurance rate on
property of tenants in the factory buildings is 12 cents per ~lOO _
The advantage in power costs is one of the most important
factors . Through co-operative distribution of current the Bush Terminal-s Company in Broklyn , is enable to give all tenants big and
little , a flat rate of 3- 173 cents per k.w . h. In Toledo the rate
is from 2 to 5 cents according to consumption of current .
VHAT OTHER CIT IES HAVE
roBE .
Probably the most notable examples are found in Cleveland ,
Most conspicuous in many w.ays , are the well-known Brad.ley build ings
erected. by the Bradley estate, and the Perry....Payne buildings
erected by the Perry- Payne estate. Power buildings have been a recognized safe and profitable investment for trust fund,s in Cleveland
for the past twenty five or thirty years . Examples could b~
multiplied at great length of similiar build,ings in other citiesThe manufacturers ' Home and othe rs in Milwaukee ; the Pugh Build,ing
in ,Cincinnati ; the Laycock Building in Indianapolis.
For your purpose one of the most useful parallels can be found
in the experience of Dayton. Dayton was in your position , -v{ithout
adequate accomodations for her small ind.ustries. To remed,y the
situation the Beaver Building was erected , providing quarters for
some fifteen or twenty manufacturing concerns. It was a success from
�50
•
the outset~so much so-- , in fact , that a second Beaver Building-Beaver #2,- is now being built and a third is ready for figures .
All . the space in the second building was ~eased before the
construction was begun.
In the words .of the Racine people their "Industrial Pla.nt
is for the benefit of the smaller manufacturer . "
It contains 626242 square feet of floor space included" in a
collection of buildings of from two to five stoxies. They produce
their own power having a steam plant of 750 R. P. capacity. With
this plant they generate electric current and sell same to the
tenants .at 3 cents to 6 cents per k.w., also renting the motors.
Ample railroadfacili ties are provided with sidings along each build.ing • .
•
The Toled.o industrial building was put into operation in 1912
and. now has twenty-three manufacturing tenants paying from 19 cents
to 30 cents per square foot per year rental , and average rental
. of 22 cents .
The project called for construction in two separate halves •
The first half contains 160 , 000 square feet floor space ans has
four floors .
The equipment consists of a high pressure heating plant , air
compressores and two elevators . The total cost was $350 , 000 .
Electric power is bought by the tenants from the public
service 2 cents to 5 cents per k . w. The light rate is 7 cents flat .
This building has no railroad. switching facilities and. tenants
are obliged. to pay dragage t and yet its advantages are so many that
the company has no di fficulty insecuring tenants .
The management does not r ent less than 10 , 000 sq . ft . floor
space, to any tenant ,
At Ki ngston , N. Y. a city of l ,e ss than 25 , 000 population , a
series of factory build.ings has been erected by the Kingston Factory
Corporation.
This Company started, with $50 , 000 capital stock. Eno'U.gh· shares
at $50 each were sold to purchase land,( $3 500 ) and erect the ' first
building which was ~ small one , only 50 xt30ft . (two floors ) costing
'>
~14 t 500 .
The 'bUild ing quickly foundt enants , one floor being taken for
a brush factory , the other for a shirt factory , each concern employing 100 people.
The factories company is now building a fourth factory building
of brick t two stories 50 x 130 feet , and same is already leas.ed,.
The fourth building will be financed by sale of part of the
treasury stock of company and partly by a mortgage loan.
The first building shows a netnprofit of $1 ,000 annually.
The factory "Incuba.tor" idea has its origin with the famous
"Model" factory loft build.ings of the Bush Terminals in Brooklyn ,
New York .
Irving T. Bush started his project through a desire to utilize a
250 acre area of undesirable waste and l ahd on the outskirts of
Brooklyn.
�51
Today 220 different manufacturing enterprises occupy his ten
great factory buildings and 40 , 000 people find employment there .
Mr. Bush was obliged to do just exactly as you would. have to
do to carry out your present project . He erected one factory
building and then went to work to find tenants for it by getting
them to move from wherever they were located to his property _
When he succeeded in getting one building filled up , he
erected anotber and so on until his project has veached its present
gigantic proportions .
The factory buildings are 75 to 750 feet and have from six to
eight floors. One one side of each building is a railroad track
and loadibg platform.
•
The regular Edison power current scale in New York is as high
as 10 cents per k.w. but the Bush Terminals Co ., has been able to
secure a flat rate for its tenants of 3-1/3 ments per k.w .
In the ten factory buildings are eighty great freight elevators
of 6 , 000 pounds capacity each.
The three strong arguments used by the Bush Terminals Co. , in
securing tenants can be summed up in three words , --dispatch -economy--efficiency.
Haverhill, wss. boasts TfThe
~forld r s
Best Factories".
Haverhill now has completed twenty mod.ern factorS" buildings
and. is ad.d.ing to the total at the rate of one new factory a year.
These factory buildings are 50ft . in width, from 200 to 300ft
in length and seven and eight stories high. The buildings were
erected by the Haverhill Building Association, organize! under the
auspices of the Board of Trade. To erect the first building,
~150 , 000 of the stock was sold to the public and thebalance of the
cost was secured through mortgage.
The stock of the Building Company paid. six per cent dividends
regularly since 1906. The stock is now in great demand as an investment security and sells at ;:~20.00 per share over par.
.
he erection of these buildings in Haverhill has increased the
annual payroll of the city over ~l t OOO , ooO and increased the cityts
population by 10 , 000.
All of the Haverhill factory buildings were readily rented
fo re comple tiona
be~
The factory build.ing projects in Paterson, U.J. , Hoboken
and other cit ies are discri bed in var ious art icles provided. by the
local newspapers and following this chapter .
A demonstration of the earning power of a project of this
kind appears on a suoceed.ing page .
�TO .GET NEW l~~~~ri~~~ PUl~poseS::lls::r~::p~:~i\
INDUSTRIES bU6~W~a~~~rOfp;:~st;~: ~~0~f~P1~~
the
5--Whatever .p an
business prinshould be founded on business propciples, operated ~s ~ed by the best
osition, and con uc .
.
.
.
.
'
- - - - .1
•
for .securlllg indu
d facilities as
I
such System an
.
Plan to Be Adcpte d Here I ~~lr~nsure the most car:~.~\ i~~~jS:~t
gation of
every llldus 11a
Should Be Based on Danmay be .cbntdt~edbusiness men
IIthat
Without doub
q'
can for:
bury's ·Advantages.
I of DanburYj if ~~rc~oe Wi~~l~~
success-
The following article, as one 0 f a
. d trial J
series in relation to the In. us .
survey being made in thIS City,
through the Chamber of Commerce,
and the correlatecl plan to increase
the dty's industries, will ,undoubtedly
be read with much interest and profit
by everyone interested in the effort
to b~ild up the industria) resources of
the city:
.
That Danbury needs more mdustries of a diversified character, employing male workmen, is a generall,Y
accepted conclUSion among the bUSIness men of the city.
That such industries can be secured
for Danbury appears to be demonstrated by the success of other cities
having les~t advantages than Danbury.
'
.
.
. Investigation disclose ~ the fact that
a variety of methods are emp)by~d
by cities throughout the country m
the efforts of their. citizens to secure
more faetories:
'
.
A number of cities still use the bonus plan, which is nothing' more .. or
less than ··the securing of indm;ltl'leS
through the making of gifts of cash.
Only reeently Cumberland, :Md., made
a pres t of $7i5l),000 cash to the Kelly-Springfield '.rire Co. to secure ~he
removal of their plants from OhIO.
Other cities have succeeded in securing industries by means of the
"lot sale plan." An area Is purchased and' sub-divided and large profits
made on the sale of lots, the' proceeds being used for investmllnts in
industries. Little Rock, Arlc, \ raised
$200,000 in 'this way; Eyansvill,t Ind. ,
secured the plant of a large fteam
shovel concern in thi s manner.
Other cities have ' adopted
hat is
known as the "guarantee fund Ian."
Citizens sign a guarantee agreement
by which. they promise to make good
to the amounts they subscribe, any
losses whlc11 may be suffered by the
guarantee ' company. ' "With such -a
guarantee list, the companY' is enabled to borrow money .. t tile banks
and this money is invested in the
stocks of manufacturers or in buildI ings, or used in mal,ing loans. ,If
no losses are suffered, the subscnbers are not called upon to pay anything. Boston used this plan for a
number of years, a nd so did D avenport, Iowa, and Willian.lsport, P a.
This plan. is .sUll In use by Easton,
Pa.; Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Jackson,
, Mich.; Sioux City, Ia., and other cities .
__
A more advanced method of -financ~ng industries
is known as the
"holding or securities corporation
plan."
It is - in successful use by
Canton, Ohio' Scranton, Pa.; Louis·
ville, Ky.; Lafayette, Ind.; Baltimore,
Md.. ; Cleveland, Ohio;
Coluqlbus,
Ohio; ' Binghamton, N. Y.; Oklahoma
City; Salt Lake City, St. Paul, Minn.,
and . other communities. ,
All of these, plans are based on the
belief that some form of financial
cb-operation should be used for se'curlng industries.
The experiences of some of these
cities has been satisfactory, but it
would appear t hat in many cases too
! much
atten.tion ha s been given to
I the matter of fimLl,clal co-operation
1 and riot enough attention to the mati ter of improving manufacturmg conditions and securing industries on
the baSis of merit of location.
Whatever may be the plan of operations that 'may finally be determined ,upon in Danbury it wo"uld seem
to have an understanding
I advisable
on certain basic principles upon
whieh to build, and the, following are
suggested:
1-Danbury does not want any industry to locate here except on the
basis of merit of location. If an industry could be more advantageously located elsewhere, it would not be
good business .to locate here.
'2-The o~ring of bonuses, or free
gifts to industries, to locate in Danbury, is contrarary to good business
polley.
S-First effort should be made toward the imp'roving of the: manufacturing advantages in Danbury and
to overcome any unfavorable conditions that may exist, and to foster
and help in every way possible th",
industries already established here.
4-The oitizens should not be called
upon to make donations or eontribu-
mulate .a P a~
new industries and
1 in securlllCl"
. .
I f \ih' h will accord with these prlllclw lC
pies.
.
'lad ~have the
The News wlll be gl . .
J'ect
.
f
citizens
on
t
118 S
.
VIews 0
_
I\WHAT THE BUSH
•
l
•
TERMINALDID
Industrial -Buildi,ng in Brooklyn Has 222 Tenants.
I
40,000· Employes.
1'\
Thl~ is artic;~ No. 2 o~ :the News'
indl,uitrial series.
A.
Manchester, of the Bush Termin~1 company, i,s a factory hunter.
Re occupies the same relation to
South Brooklyn that the secretary of
the local Chamber of Commerce b ears
to Danbury. I
OnlY he vias provided with the
most desirable kind of factory . floo r
space to rent and all the ammunition
\ needed to mal,e his hunt for factorIes
successful.
Mr. Manchester in a statement regarding. the Bush factory buildings
in South Brooklyn, said:
'.rhere are four ilnportant reasons
why manufacturers have found it of
advantage to remove from their former quarters into the Bush terminal building-s:"F'irst, reuuc(.~ cost of production.
"Second, lmproves quality o~ output.
.
. "Third, incrGases volume of output.
"Fourth, l'educes transportation
costs.'.'
R. llj. Ireton, who diIeets the "educational bureau" of the Bush TermInal company, said:
" Serious hindrance to the commercial growth of many large cities is
found in their /:lceadily increasing
freight cong':"Gtioll.
"The solutlun appeal:;' to lie in the
construction of terminal areas and
, factory bulluings where fr eight can
be received and Ciispa,iched at the
factory doors.
"The Bush terminuJ 15 a factory,
warehou se and f,'eigh t terminal plant
assembling in one place the facilities needed by the manufahurer.
"O ur model factory buildings are
ten in number. They are of .steel, r e inforced concrete, ·f ireproof and vibrationless. The buildings are· six
an d eight stories hig h, seventy-five
feet wide by 750 feet in length, with
the s ides so woii lighted as to give
the highest possible percentag'e of
tiay light "ffielency. On one side of
each buildill<;" 1S a railroad siding
and platform anll on the other side Is
a well paved street for trucking pur-
:e.
I
po,~;~.
the COI;~tructiol1 vf t he Bush
t.erminal the a'm has been t o provide every l}o~sible facl!. ty. for dis- I
patch , economy and efficiency in
manufacture and distribution .
To
such of the t.enants as need live
steam, electric curret'lt, gas, water or
, comprpssed air in theil' operatio)l ",
the company supplies the same at
low price.
"I beliQ\'8 that in 1he 'Btlsh idea:'
I li~s the one ;o:;;ical reme~y lor fr e j~ht
and fn.etory burdens anu ',:1 the pIOmetioYl of lLllustrial dcyelopment of
.
How It 'Vas Done.
The ill'" 0[ the case is that twelVE;
ycal';j .
a~(l
OVIl1l'd
by
dreary
~,and
that section of 250 acres
,rving '1.'.
Bush was a
vl-asie and that
South I
Brooklyn as a comrl.1unity appeal'ed
I to be about alS hopeless a propOSition
1 for industrial devclopmen t as might
IJC' found anywhere .
,
But Mr. Bush had ·the right ~pirit
, \ and ample imagination. Instead of
! ha ving railroad facilities all ready
\yalting for b im, he had to provide
(erminals and cal' light~ age faelllII tics . Bu t hc' did a ll tlllS an.d then
I
I
\ indu strial expans ion tl1roughout the
~ountry
that the Hush Terminal
company, notwithstanding the present h igh cost of construetlOn, IS now
lettin"" contracts for another factory
buildi~g, 75 feet in heigh1;, 460 f eet
long" and six stories In h eIght.
vVhile tho ,Yater front, dockage a nd
wa~e house facilities gi ve the Bush
Terminal company anoth er sou~c~ of
revenue, yet the f actory bUllc1mgs
are a proposition by themselves, and
only ten per cent. of the factory tena.nts are affected by the water front
ad vanta.g·es.
,
.
I ~ome of the most i.mp orlant man-I
ufacturing concerns .In t11f'. ,.c ountr y
have been indu ced to locate 111 the
BUSh f-aHory" bUJ1Uifigs and on the
~thet hand , their buildings h~~
!
I
clUes ,"
\ pu t up the first of 11is factory build - '\
ings.
. .
1
H:'o wever, the provldmg of railroa( ,
facilities and factory floor space was
only the beginning. 0r. Bush ha~
to go to wor), then Just as a Clt\
I does, to induce manufacturers 1~~atCL'
elsewhere to move over to hlS com: munity" and into his building.
That he succeeded was the best
proof that the "idea" was right. He
filled his one factory with tenants
and then fiI\anced another factor~
building, a nd thel.1 another and k.ep o
at it until he had ' t en of these bUlldings erected an d filled with .222 man-,
ufacturing tenants, occupymg ove1.
four million feet of floor .space, and
emJlloying 40,OO~ people eng<tged ~ll
178 diversified l111es of man ufacture.
Some of these t enants usc as little
as 200 square feet of floor space.
Others use 100,000 square fe_et, but
big a nd little they all have the same
advantages and the same low manufacturing costs, ovel~h ead. . expense,
and freight handling faCIlitIes.
Rent is thirty oents per squal'e
foot and power 3 1-3 cents P?r 1e . w.
h. , this fIr.t t rat~ to tenants be~ ng pos- I
sible through ihe co-operative system.
t
So great is the demand for fac ory
space as a result of the lI ew era of
tered 'the development of success~ul
enterprises from very small beg·Ip.nings. · Concerns ,"hich a few years
t ago ocyupied. only a few hundred
feet of floor space are now occupy1l1g'
entire floors. '
,
Real estate men who have watched
the steady grow th of South Brooklyn
I as a l' esidence section can understand
how a project of this kind builds up
prop€l;ty values. Vast areas of vacant lots adjacent to the Bush terminals have been transformed into
profitabl e flats and apartment houses
and well kept streets and attra?tive
eomn) unity centers give the tll(~Ll
Isands of workmen and theIr families
3011 that cal). be desired as a r emdence
IlocaLion .
Some DiY(~rslficd lnllus tl'ies.
Among the different j;.inds of articles manufactured i.n the B u sh t erminal factory buildings are mew.!
dies, stamped and enameled . sheet
metal goods, metal tQYs, cardDoarc:,
I
corrugated
pap~r
goods,
machines,
llaunclry
gars and
al't
~~lg11~J
lithog-rai)hing,
Cl:
tobacco~ .
gbJgbarns ~nCl
Inlit goods, glUe, curled
sl1irtings,
hair for - Inattresses,
en1ery po..~e;.:,
alTIlnOniu, store fixtures, D.'laclllne
product~,
~\'all
paper,
chemicals,
chewing gUill, albull1.s, ink,
steneils, shoe polish, vermin
paste,
exter -
minator bats carp ets, velvets, cott'Oll dUck, . lacquering, cotton felt, inlaid wood flooring, copper, pm'oxlde I
of hydrogen, gears, cork 'goods, oil-
I
cloth c lay colors, brushes, brooms,
foullclry suppl ie s, molding, candy,
,vo01e11s, tailors' trin1.mings, felt Inattresses, drap ery, clessicateu cocoanut,
I fib r e pails', worsteds, pencils, magInetos, spark coils, electrical equlpHlents,
book
printing"
spring
b ed~,·
shirt waists, scales, dY11ainos, gas
' engines, motors, steam pumps" phonographs, ladies' skirts, bakers' supplies, children's . garmelits; envelope".
dri.ed ;fruit$, ll1i\l. 111.aC11ill.. ery, Mttl:
Gaps, eoffBe grmal11g, food product:s,
spark plugs, motor D.ccessones, baking powder, food . coloring'S, black
b6ards, school suppUes, printing machinery, metal decorating, .hoslerY'1
home devices, pianos, bottle stop'pers, filter presses, speed indicators, '
silk yarns upholstered furnitllre, infusorial e~rth, calendars', gummed
tapes, bolt.s, nuts, rivets, . spikes, i
sledges, crowbars,
picks,
picture
fram es canned meats, soda checks,
book binding" electric ' generators,
compressors, o11ve packmg, flo~r ~ov- I
ermgs,
CIgarettes,
handke! chIefs,
wireless' telegraph instruments, waxed paper, muslin underwear, 11011fluid oils, brass specialties, lubrIcation oils, polishing cloths, soap, paten t medicines, corks, jar caps, tea,
bleanding, tissue patterns, gum pa-
I
I
I
p:.1per.s,
vegetuble
oils,
rain
coats,
paper mill machinery, sanitary dhn!,ing cu ps, enameled and galvanized
v{£i.res, packing cans, tin,val'<?, pum-
ice stone, sponges,
!
woorlpn hoxes
boxes
charnol's
skin,
corsets. straw
P
52
�I
MADE AGOOD 3
INVESTMENT
Haverhill Business Men Found
Industrial Building
Profitable.
The third articlc in th e series relating to industrial d evclop m ent anJ
the project of er'ecting' an industrial
building in this city is from informatiOll furnished by Haverhill, ~\1ass.,
and is as follow s:
vVhen two extra careful, ultra COll - ,
servative residents' of Ha verhil1,
Mass., discuss their investments they
don't talle about government b onds
or farm mortgages, but t h e conversation runs something lil{e this:
Mr. Plymouth Roclc-I have a mortgage to be paid off next month, Mr.
Hill.
Do you k,10w where I can
get a little " buildin g" stocl<? I don' t
know a n ything safer to p ut my money into."
'
Mr. B unle er Hill-Tard to get-h ard.
to get, Mr. Rocie Banl,er Holdfast
might let you have a little, but I
don't believe h e'd let go of a ny at
less than 120.
Now, "building" stocle in this case
means stock in th e Haverhill Building association, th e par value of its
shares being $100. 'l'his s tock is considered so good that it sells nowadays I
a t $20 per share over par.
This stock has paid only six per I
cent. dividends annually,' but it has
paid regularly s ince ,1906.
'.rhe stock earned more, but part
of the earnings went to r e tirc bonds
-and that is why the stock is considered worth more than part-because
it owns more property.
1'en years is quite a long time. It's
long enough to test out the m erit
and safety of any propositon. So
Haverhill people don't have to do any
guessin g. They know that factory
building stock is ,safe and profHable.
It was in 1906 that the Haverhill
Building association built its first
model seven -story factory building.
The company started as a public wel f a r e movement and the public at
large subscribed to the stock.
Mr. Casey says that they have been
building two factories a year ever
since and now h ave twenty of these
handsome buildings, a nd the city now
boa~ts of having 'the world's bes t
factories."
Whether that is true or not, th e
fact remains that the promotion of
f ac tory b u ilding has proven a profit able bu~iness in Haverhill-profitable
both for the city and the stockholders in the building corporation.
, The erection of these factory buildings has put over $2,000,000 more money into circulation in Haverhill annually. in the form of wages,
The new industries brought to
Haverhill because of the erection of
these factory I bu ildin gs have given
the city 15.000 morp population.
Have the gtoclcholders of the bu il t!ing corpo!'ation worried allY about
getting tenants for their buildings?
Apparently n ot, for each of these
. buildings found tenants to fill th em
before they were completec1 .
Haverhill is no better city than
Danbury and its p ower and freight
costs to manufacLurers are greater
than in Danbury.
It seems reasonable to hclieve that
if a factory building project of this
kind has been succes sful in Haverhill '
that the same kind of a plan will be
successfu l in Danbury.
•
If H.a~rhill can secure new industries this way, so can Danbury.
PATERSON USED I
THE. BUSH PLAN'
How New Jersey Silk City Increased Its Industries.
(F'ourth Article in Industrial. ISeries.)
Patersoll, N. J., is a larger cIty than
Danbury, but th e conditi.ons there' are
somewhat similar. It IS' a onl'j Industry town. Therl'l is a ' great s'hortage of labor. More fe~al e la~:)Or is
needed to supply its prmclpal mdustry. It is a "o n e railroad'" to;vn .. It
n eeded more inc1:ustries of a dlV el"Slfied char acatl'lr. It was short on
rl'lntable factory space.
Facing all these problems'. squarely I
Paterson buS'ineS's men deCIded that I
something mUlSt be done.
So the mall'uf'a,cturers', ,b anl,ers,
mE!rchants, realty men, lawyers' and
doctorS got their headlS' togetheT and
came to thes~ decisions':
.
I -T sat the surest way' to l11crease
the lab
supply was to se'Cure more
ind'ustri .
,
2-That the surest way to. seCUl'e
more industrieS' was/ to' prOVIde' at- I
tractive factory space to rend. .
.
HaNing reache'd these concluslOns
the Paterson citiZ8'1111' i'roceeded to !
ac tion promptly.
Th ey organized the Patl'jrs'on ,~n
dustrial Developme nt company WIth
a capital of $25I},OOO.
On the board of dire'cto'r s' of that
company are representatives' of each
banking institution, of the meTcantile inte rests, of' the manufacturil1'g
interest~' and of every other Important inteTest , of the city.
It is a repres'el1tatiVe board of directors m .a d'e up of the mo'st substantial and responsible bu&ines'S' men of
Pate'rson.
Lots of "Doubting Thomas'e s" and
"Oh the id'e'a is, all right, but the
mon~y can't ,be raised. ·PateTSQn is
not a rich city and few have money
to invegt in such a p'ropos~tion .." 'B ut
the money was raised and raised
proUlptly, because the people' beiJie'Ved:
l-That t h e plan wat> what Paterson
nee'ded,
.
2-'That the plan would .b,Ulld up the
clty.
3-That the investment was s'a fe
and offered certainty of reasonable
returns,
4-'I'hat th e ml'jn named aSI directors could be trusted to handle the
money care1'ully and safely.
And' so PateTson has the beiginnings of a BUll'h Termina.l.
One hundred a nd sixteen city lots
we're purchased a long the main line
of the Erie railroad. ThiS' area is
sufficient for eight. four-'st'Ory factory
buildings, each containing
about
100 \l()0 square feet of floor space. '
Factory building No. 1 is' now und'er cons'tru'c tion and half' itlS' space is
rented ihough it will not ,be finished
until ne'xt s umm er.
The board of directors, of the' development company have figured out the
cogts and I earning power 'carefully
and exp'e ct to pay from 'six to eight
per C8'11t. divid endS to the·i r stockholdm's.
'The Pate rb"On Industrial Development company was given large powere in its charter and can operate in
oth'e'r lines .of financing besides' factory construction, but itS' efforts' for
the ' present will be cl!irected only along
that line ..
If, however, at any t ime an indus, trial prospect if) found who desires to
h ave ,a buiIdin'g (jspeciaHyerected of
special degign for the requirementS< of
some' speCific industry, the company
Is prepared to erect such a bulldnig
and eith'e r r8'11t or Sl'jl! same, providing no r ealty o.wne>rs' of; the city des ire to take the contract.
This information was furnished by
William Hand, president of the Paterson Investment Development po.,
an.d a leading manufacturers of that
city.
,
Some realty men of Paterson ,'t t
first objected to the plah, saying:
"What is the use of erecting a factory building before you get the tenants? Find us the tenants and we
will build the buildings for them."
Such, however, was found not to
be what Paterson needed.
There are many manufacturing
concerns of a responsible character
who do not desire to bury their
capital in real estate and prefer ~o
r ent.
Such manufacturers when seeking
. location, do not look around for
., someone to e rect a buildi,ng for them,
but endeavor to fmd suitable floor
space a lready available.
j
In this search they arc likely to
I
I
,
I
visit a number of different clUes anu
inspect the buildings and floor space
that eaeh has .to offer, and they will
locate in the city which has the most
desirable and attractive space al ready available.
.
It therefore behooves the citiz ens .Jf
Danbury to provide such floor space
a nd to make it as attractive for :t
factory home as possible.
Danbury has with in the past year
lost several opportunities to secure
desirable industries because th ere
was no desirable space h ere to rent.
The few vacant buildings and idle
floor space in the city were not what
th ese m a nufact urers wanied and they
located elsewh ere.
Th e present is a period of wonderful industria l expan sion throug'h out
the country and it will be Danbur y ' ~
own fault if Danbury does not sh a r <:
fu lly in this expansion.
New manufacturin g enterprb;es arc
being formed daily and established
I concerns ,are outgrowing their pres ent quarters and changing their plant
locat ions.
'
Th e cities that are ,s ecuring th ese
indu stria l plants are the cities that
are making' the most intelligent, ancl
aggressive effort.
W i,.at does Danbury propose to d(
about it?
--
~~;===-----
53
�DIVERSIFIED i'WHAT TOLEDO
INDUSTRIES\ HAS ACHIEVED
How Hoboken is Growing as Many Industries Added to
Result of Providing Desirable Floor Space.
That City Through Model
Factory Buildings.
INDUSTRIAL
DEVELOPMENT
"
54
...
Experience of Paterson Shows
Possibility crT' Getting
New Factor ies.
(E ig'h th Article In loclLlstria l Series.)
; , The fo ll owing frorr!" t he Pater>;on,
('Sixth Articl-e in Industrial Series)
(Fifth in Series of Industl'ial Articles)
J.) Call shoW~ 'hew Paler'soh unIn ord er to ~ee what Hoboken h as
As text ' for to-d'a y's industrial ar'dertoo), to increase its industries ' by
done to br ing H its splendid line of
ticle nothing bettel' could b e found
di ver sifi ed industries, the writer pa id
the indu~lrial buUding plan;
than the following letter written b?, ~
Paterson has gaineCl s o rapidly in
a vis it to th a t hustling Hudson counToledo
Ohio
citizen
to
C.
'M,
PhllllP",
t y municipality and find s' tha t Hobot extile and olher indu s trieR that n o
presid~nt of'the Louisvill e Titl.e Co. ;
k en has been taking an in ven tory of .
doubt a ll of the local tloor space h as
";I; can say 11la t whe n our cItIzen"!
itsoelf in t he form of an in~u stri al
ueen exhausted and t.herc app ears '1.0
first began to actively take hold of
s u r vey a nd find s it h as thirty-three
be li ttle if any left of the character
the work of deve lcping T01~?, t~ll"
pla ntS' uf>ing iron and steel largely as I
that would attract t e nantS.
was
.L rather sle'l'y, non-pro ", l " S51\ e
raw m a terials; eighteen using lumTh e 'Call 's representative - on 111::1.1<place of 150,000.
.
, .. , '.'
bel', thirleen using p a pe'r' produ ct s,
iug inqu iry of the incl uslr ia l depart"T0 .. day I dp rot bel lEl'Ve tlL., l?, a
eighteen
using
brass
a
nd
bronze,
\
l11ent of the cham ber of ,co mnle r ce,
m orc thoroughly progre~'lVe, ':';lUe
. thirteen engaged in d yes , oilS and
has lcar ned that aft('r a cu r eful cana\val{() city than 'T oledo. W~ hav~
chemicalS,. four in cotton go'ods', six
vass there is found uu t cight vacant
a<:!.d ec1 t o our l~( ~.ulatlon the r l~~O
g"las's w Ol'ks, six in leather goods, six
twEl"c.
months
not
less
tha,~
,,0,
U
,
b uilding's, not any of 'l,' hich 'Woul'd I
m a king f ood products and a cons1dard ~lOre people are coming to Toledo
appeal to the lnanuiflcturel'.
era,ble number engaged in oth er lin ~ 3
th'a n roofs can oe supplied fo!".
Mr. Eastwood, of til e chambcr of
of manufacture.
"This growth is not a paper c;r
com merce, inform s o u r r epres en tat! \'e
No mat ter what slump comes in a n y
mushroom growth, but one. D3.~e,d .. ~~ .
that w h at is particuiarly n ed ed In
on e lin e of industry in Hoboken , the '1
new lllanufact.;rers and lniu"t. ~
Paterson is floor SI"lC(, ·to rent in
loss to buSiness is not l, eenly f elt for
th'lt
llave
located
in
Toledo,
l~
rgely
la rge or small dimen s ions in a b uild a ll lines of busine~s do not o::lump at I
on<ac;:o~~t of the active efforts of ou r .
ing of the construction desire d 1>:1'
th e s am e time.
\
Mr. W y att, the industria l manager,
luetal worlon g m acllincry and m e t a l
CltlZ!'llS.
Id b o fier
N
.)
betteT
incf,ntive
cou
.
.
~
0
is v ery hopeful regarding the f.utUl~e
fabrication in d ustries.
ed to the citize'ns of Danbury than
of Hoboken, sta ting that the Clty IS
IFollowing is a list of manufacturing
this let ter.
. . "tive
going al1ead by leaps and bounds ..
industries who ,h aye 'l cs ired to locate (
It was W: .IU·e11 by a conscn a .
'Mr. Jargels, a prominent' coal merin Pater son
during' t h e past six
b u sineb's man to one of the leadlll~
chant, was asl{ed if the water front
1I10n ths, the' s p ace wanteel, and their ~
citi zens of LouisviHe, l{y.
t'
and lighterage facilities w e re not the
p
r
odu
cts,
but
b
eing
u): ah lc to o btain J
Danbury is as detSirable. a loca lOn
principal manufacturing advantages
suit able floor space, located else \ for manufacturing e'qterprlses as Toof Hobok en . "On th e contrary," was
where:
hi6 replY, " one of our principa l ad1~~0.
f the most important activi ') <0\'.4, 1915, 5,000 . umbrella handles.
vantages is our"railroad transporta~ov. 8, 1915 , 10~:J0, sca les.
lie~'l~f
~he
citizens
of
Toledo
m;'Il;;~fal
tion facilities whereby w e eliminate ,/
:t" oV. 14, 1915, 10,000, electric toys .
cd was the erectlOn at the1r In 1.1
lig'h terage costs."
Noy. 16, 11115, 40,000, rubber goods.
lp pursuing further in vestigation
[,uild'i ng.
'd'
this
3'a n. 33, 1916, 40,000, ' wood worl{in l
'£olec1'O takes much prl e m f
.
th e write r visited th e n ew industrial
buildlr.g
and
calls
it
"a
mo<l:el
~,
SC1machinery.
buildings of th e H ob oken Land and
n.
entific
effi.cient
factory
deSlg
Feb. 2, 1916, 35,000, steel castings. '
Impro vem ent Co. a nd the re' found the
'T he 'Toledo Factories c~~panY' :f~s
gas engine
, ·' Feb. 21, 1916, 100,000,
reason f or Hoboken 's manufa ctunng
trac tors .
starteg
grow t h.
Everybody in N eW J el'S'e y lmows
Feb. 23, 1916, 15,000, auto tops.
ism, u
f m the investment
March 2, 1916, 150,00Q motor ti-ucks:
of the famou s Steve'ns f a mily. It has
to~y ventu,re
~~ was built in 1912
been St0ve11s mon ey that has done
March 2, 1916, 15; 000 , li gh t mach1n~~t\~: ~~~~ net earnings' of eight
most of th e factory building in Hocry.
J
b ok en. It must be that f actory space
per cent. annuallY. . .
t enty-three
:March , 6, 1916, 110,000, snl'a ll m etal
'Throug h its e1'ectlOn,
w
for r en t is' a profita ble . businesS' or
.articles. . ,
.
new in~ustries were located in T oStevens money wouW not kee'j). on
March 6, 1n6, 50,000,
galvanize d
favoring this' kind of invesrtment and
metal"
war
e.
le~~~
equipment
includes
a
high
pr~
,
keep o n ,building more fa ct o ry bUlld- .
March 7, 11)16, 12,000, wrappin g m a ings.
ch ines.
It is t h e <stevens money back of the
March 8, 1916, 2,500, hosie r y.
sure heating system, two e'l evators
Hob ok e n Land and Impro vem en t Co.
March 8, 1916, ,a n ilinc dye~ .
and a fire sprinkler system.
M r . Campb ell, th e manage'r, in
March 8, 1916,
15,000,
hydr a ulic
'The building has 160,'000 square f eet
spealdng of their fa ctory building,
of fioor space and coot ab011 t $340 ,presses.
said; " Th e Hoboken f actory building \
March 9, 1916, 100,000, automobiles.
000.
proj ect consist s of build'ing' A ~hi c h
T oledo . calls this an "incubator"
'March 11, 1916, 20,{)O{), p lumber su pwas buil t three years a go·; bUlldmg D
building
becau
s'e
its
original
purpOSe
plies.
.w hich was comple ted las t year; we
was to provide ad'vantageous manuMarch 14, 1916, 10,000, dry ·COI01:S.
are n ow erecting buildings' E and F
facturiru>
condition~
fqr
the
fostering
,'Mar c h 14; 1916,5,000, asphalt r oof w hich are near completion. The first
a,ncl bulldinl/ up of 6mall industries .
two ):>uildings are fill ed w ith misceli ng.
While the "incubator" idea is not
March 15, :).9-1'6, ;' 60 ,000, tractors-en.
lan eou s tenants., and of th e t w o n e'?' '
the cemtrolling motive in the plan of
building'S yet unfinished o n e is lea s'ed
g ines,
. . _ ,
a,
Dli\.nbury
InQustrial
De'Velopm"nt
entirely to the Jewel Tea company ,
Mar,ch 16, 1916, 15, 000, automob iles • •
Co., yet it Is, expected that . the e'reet he other to the ""ijou Motor Lighting
March 16, 1916, 25,00(), a u to tires.
tion of such f a ctory buildings here
company.
Mar oh 17, 19,16, 10,000 flax stra w
would bring to Danbury new indus"Mu.c h of
Hoboke n 'S industrial
product s .
tries of sman s'i ze as well as the
growth for the past f ew years has
March
17, 1916, 15,000. dry 'COlors.
larger ones.
been due to the· indu cements' to m a nMarch 20, 1916, 10,000, wood toys.
A amaH industry of to-day may ,beufac turers o·ff ered ·b y th e desirable
T his list is fo llowed by slatemcnts
~ ome a very large enterprise in the
fi oor space in our f actory buildings,
of some of t<he real estate operator>!
future if it is given a cha,nce to
" Among the' ad vantages offe'r ed to
who haye al so ,ben compe ll ed to turn
IgroW a nd pros'per by providing it
tena nts in these buildings are ad ewith superior manufacturing facilimanufacture rs away ·f r om Paterson
q u ate trans'portation facilities, low
ties
and
the
same
low
opeorating
costs
for the same reason .
p ower
rates and low insurance
as are s·e cured by its larger competiFor som e time i have h ad frequent
rates.
tor ..
ll p p lications f or the r en ta l of floorl
' ''rile buildings are provided with
space fq r yar ious in dustries, a n d I , f
freig'ht and passenger elevators, all
regrot .to' say that 1 ha " chC'en un- I (
the floors are flocded with daylight
8 hle to supp ly the dem and. lL would 11
~ecause of the large window capa city
, cern to mf' if H were possible for th e J
and form of constl' uction ."
If Hob oken ·can secure div ers,ified
('hamLer of commer ce to d ev ise some .(
indus'tries by buil~:ing' the' right kind
mcan s wh ereby they may be ab le
of f a ctorieS' to r ent, SO can D a nbury.
LO ob t a in the desired space, it wo uld I
If Hoboken can find tenants for
grea tly b enefit the city at largo.
a
factory fioor space S'O' can Danbury.
E. H . OWIDN. "
(Si g neq)
If Hoboken can find p eople enter"Heply ing to your inq lliry concerll - "
p r ising ' enough to h elp make th e city
ing mill s pace in thi s ci t y, would say 'J
g'row by building this' class' of facth a t wit hin th e last six months I J
torY' buildings, so ca n Da nbur?,.
.
lIay e had many inquirers for Hiill
This induS'trial building' proJ ect IS
sp ace, but have be en una11 1e to ~ec u re
something that D a nbury need'S.
a n y . '1'hc den1~nd is so great t hat I
'£her'o has been a s<horlage he'l'e for
fee l that if a large ~uilding
wa:;l
some time of wage earning opporc-rcc\cd, there would be abso l \l t elv n o
tunity for s'killed mechanic~ in many
troub le in r enti n g it at a large 'r en work' ng line'''. If we can ll1duce Intal, and would p roye to lJe a p r o,£itable
dustries' to locate here by provldmg
investment.
.
desirable floor space to r ent we \ Will
("S ig n ed) B. ·J.G RoUNNA UER. "
bring more mechaniCS and their fam" D ur ing the past year I h a\'e re iliee! to the city, tlTUS bene'fitting all
ceived many application s f or flOOl'
manufacturing interests and all bUS1 space for Inanufactu ring p urposes,
aess inter'e stS ..
Danbury is a desirabl ~ r es1dence
an d in no case h ave r been. able t o
city and an a d vantageous manufacfurnish them.
turing cit y. There lS no reason why
"I thin l, if we had p ropert ies in
it should not become a m01'e lmporw h ich we could lcase s pace for large
tant industrial center , if we m~ke
and small in d ustries it would be in
proper effort to se~ure a varied lllle
demand, an d wou ld b ring ma n y in of indus<l.ries . .
dustries to P ater son t hat we' no w
lack.
" I h op e tha t t h e chamher of com merce w ill t a k e hold of this matter
and give it serious consid ('ralioll .
("Sign e d) J. ~'. PO LL,I TT."
\::-<.
~nh~~e b~~~g aOf;~;~C s~t~f~C~
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�"Several new firms already are located there, the most recent acquisItion being ,the Western States Coke
company, a $2,OOO,{}()(} organization that
wa,s wrested from St. Paul because,
thro ugh t he exis tence of t h e Industries association, Minneapo lis had
more to offer.
I I "And as a bit of irony in this vic, tory oyer St. Pau l, ,the new Minneapolis concern will pipe its gas ,byproduct to t h e ne1ghboring CIty for
distribu t ion throug'h the mains ~f the
St. Paul Gas company !
"For yef1,I'S St. Pau l has gobbled the
big factories tha,t sought locations in
____
this part of the Middle West. That
(Seventh Article In Industrial Series.) i city has beea able to give the prospecThe need for some definite plan of : tlve m anufacturer ever y advantage,
D,ction fo r securing more industrie3 is I low-pnced la nd" exce llent trackage
so apparent and the demand {or sucr.
and free sWltchmg. because of the
a plan seems so Q'eneral that the offinearness of t he 'Mmnesota transfer
cer s and tru stee; of the Chamber of
yards ~ha~ adjo in h er principal facCommerce now have the matter in I tory dlstnct.
hand a nd will hold a meeting next
A wakened the City.
Wednes day to give the matter con"'l'wo years ago when a large Min~lj()rat1on.
,
'neapolis 'shoe company moved its faco
M eantIme the ::-;rews WIll be glad to
tory to St, Paul because of these conl\a\,tl the citizens express th emse lve~
ditions, Minneapolis ,business 'men
franl~IY on this subject" A movemenl
came to a rcalization that it was time
fo r t11e ll1dustrral Up'bUll dll1g of Danto do something to retain the city's
byry sho ula have carefu l consl.deraindustries. It was then that agitation
tlon and whatever p lan may .fina lly was begun fo r an Industrial tract. The
be worl,ed out,. shou ld. represel~t the
Ciyic a nd
Commerce
association
t hought and WIshes of all Oul Cltlplaced th e matter in the hands of its
ze ns.
industr ial developing committee but
No plan for securin g more industries
little progress was madebecau~e of
can b e made a success unless it h,,·'
(·pposing interests among real estate
th8 endorsement and s u pport of the
m en.
, I
ent ire citize nship.
S. C. Tooker. for years a prominent
Th e president of the great Rume ly
real estate dealer, who recen tly r e company, manufacturers of agricul - I tIred, took a hand. Wi t h the assisttural implements, at a trade conferance ,of Alexis Cas'I)'ell, industrial sec_
once recently said:
' l'eta ry of the Civic a nd Commerce as"I t a l;:e it that the manufacturer
sociatlon, h e found a way to finance
who expects co-operation f r om a
a n industries plan, He took options
community must a lso expect to give
(·n the .territory desired and made all
co -operation to that community. That I preliminary arrangem ents. Then he
is W~1Y we endeavor to co-operate
ca lled to g ether a number of business'
and financial m e n. He explained the
witi1 the civic mo vements in the city
in which we are located.
, matter to them, outllnlng the benefits
"It is neces's ary for us to have a
to be derived and how it was up to
gOOd c,rganization in our factory and
them to put their money 'behind the
a good city tor our worl,men to li ve proj ect or to a ba ndon it.
in. Thc m ore effort that is m a de to
!he r esponse was instantaneous.
i;:nprove conditions in our city the
FIfty men subscribed
at the first
belLer it is for us and our bus in es~ meeting more than half ,o f the reand the better 'a ble a r e we to build
CjUlred
capital stock
of
~ 3 00,O{)O.
up a nd make stable and ,certain the bonds bearing six per cent. w ere sold
worldng organization on which we for ,t he balance. They went like hot
rely."
cakes.
ct:I~:J.t is pretty good business doc. Dir ectors of the Industries associa:ri11o for a manufacturer, and it I~
t10n are: F. A. C hamberla in vlceplea sing' to note that this sentiment
p.re~ident of the First and S~curity
appears to prevail among the man~' . l.'\at1Onal ,banl{; ,E. W . Decker, pre,s [facturers and other business men of
uent of the Northwestern ::-;rational
,bank; George D. D ayton, president of
n1.tnbDry.
There is nothing particularly new
one of the largest departm ent stores;
in the leas ing of buildings for proHenry Doerr, president of t he Minnemoting industrial expansion. Similar upolis DTug company; Douglas A.
I' lans have 'b een used successfu lly in
~lsk e, lawyer, and successor to Mr.
many other cities.
'l.ook~r, .as preside nt of the Industries
The city of ::-;rewburgh, N. Y., is
assoClatlOn; L. S , Gi le tte, president of
now working out a plan sim il ar to a real estate company ; ,F . E. Kenasthis,
in volving
the
development
to-n, president of the Southside State
of quite a large a r ea which will be ~)ank; C. T. JaffrDY. 1"irst and Securdevoted to factory buildings.
lty Nati onal
h ::t
W. G. Jordan,
Minneapoli's, Minn.,
went furth er
w~olesale
groc , J J~. R. Salisbury,
than the luere erection
of factory presIdent of a m'.lllll'facturing combuildings, and has worRed out ani pany; C. C, Webber, president
of
exten sive deve lopment scheme on the Deere & W ebbe r ,
farm m achinery
co-operative plan.
m a nufact.urers; E. P. Wells, president
A prominnt Minneapolis ,b usiness of , a mUlll clpal bonding and incorpor- '
m a n is quoted as saying:
at1l1g ,c ompany;
John
F. Wilcox,
How Minneapolis I)id.
p reSldent of a lumber manufacturing
con cern. "
J
"The c ity ha s a body of private
citizens, incorporated as the Minn ea polis Industries association, performing an invaluable public service,
under offidal sanction, by bringing to
the city industries that for lack of
such service might go elsewhere.
"This association is doing t h e wor!,
the Minneapolis Oivic and Commerce
association started out to do
two
y ears ago, bli,t failed in because
dissension within its ranks a mong
1 eal estatll interest.s prevented successful operations. The Civic
and
'Co mmerce association
now wor!G,
I hand in hand with the Industries association, which Is made up of the
comm erce
,b ody's own
prominent
members, and the sam e close coopcration is ' accorded by the city administration.
"Through this semi-offici a l institu\ tion, the Industnes 'assocmtlOll, an
I industrial tract has been thrown open
• in the northeast section of the city.
It is being ad vertised broadcast. The
city aims to make this tract not only
one of the mos.t ideal manufacturing
s pots in th e country, but is planning
a residential district adjoining that
5hall afford pleasant home sites fol'
the thousands of new citiz e ns who are
expected to come h ere.
"Tens of fac.tories and hundredB of
l-.omes can be accommodated in thIs
great Industrial district. Establishments th at locate there will have
pl enty of room to expand, abundant
switching facilities , abundan.t routes
I of access to othe r p arts of the city.
The municipal government will see to
that.
COuOPERAIION
NEEDED IN CITY
':CIVIC PRIDE
i .AND !ROGRESS
One of Essentials for Success
n Industr,'al Develop-
IPulling
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Together in Construetive Sprrit Will Bring
Growth.
E . H. Smith, of the Associated 1n.service. who has about com pl e ted his 'Yo r k here in conn ection
:wi t h the industrial survey of Dan.
Dury , expressed himself with enthusiasm to a News reporter regarding the
mdustnal possibilities of th is city.
Mr. Smith said: "Durin g the past
two months I have had opportunity
to del ve deeply into the minds of Danbury busines!; men regarding their
a.ttltude toward the build ing u p of
then' CIty, and I am fll lly convinced
there is a v e ry stron g undercurrent
of desire among them to do something
toward promoting the more rapid industrial growth of the community.
"I thoroughly be li eve in the large
possibilities for
Danbury's ' growth,
3,nd consid e r th e city most fa\'o l'ably
loca ted for seCUring, more industries.
"If there is any thing that will pre\' ent thIS I think it will be found in
a feeling- of fea r on the part of the
I citizens to take a ggressive action and
a lack of the pull-together spirit. Why
s hould Danbu ry's citizens fear that
they cannot do what otller cities of
less advantages and lesser resources
hav e done?
" Why should a ny citizen hesitate
a bout trying to do what these other I
t cities have done? No man can tell
what Danbury can ,do until the effort
is made. Certainly the city
will
never get anywhere through failure
to make the effort.
"'T he re is something within us, you
m a y call it civic pride, local patriot1s m, w hatever you wil1 . It is not a
s e Ui sh prompting, but based on broad
a nd progressive thought. It is the
m h eren t spirit of Americanism the
spirit of vigor and push t h at c~uses
us to wish our town to ' be a larger
t o wn,. our city to surpass our neighbor CIty . A des ire for growth and improvcm ent along business and manu.
i a cturing lin es.
, "Tha t city whosc citizens lose their
lIlteres t in their own town who call
talk only about 'its disadvanta ges and
unfavorabl e conditions. w ill not keep
pace with its n eighbor cities.
"That city whose citizens are satistfi ~ d to r es t upon its past accomplls hments will surely stagnate, will
fall to move forward in the marCh
of industrial progress.
" A city whose I citizens a re dls~our .. ged and fear that its possibilities
ror bett erment ::nd progress a r e hopeless-whose clt1zens are not in cocperation-that city will surely go
backward.
" If on the other hand the citizens
are proud of their city, if they believe
In Its possible future growth and increasmg prosperity and will become
a ggreSSIve enough and progressive
enough to work together. the city is
sure to go ahead, by leaps and bounds'
there will be no limit to its ~rowth
and prosp erity.
0
, "The growth and developmen t of
a cIty are not entirely dependent upon ItS. r:atura l advantag'es, but upon
the SPII'lt of Its peop le. A city is just
what its citizens want it to be, they
11ave the power to advance or retard
Its every interes t.
"If the citi~ens of Danbury want to
m a k e theIr CI t y a. larger dot on the
map of busin~ss and industry, they
s hould put theIr desires into practical
form a nd t a k e definite steps to he lp
make It grow-how-by securing more
~n~ustrIe s as other cities are doing.
, It 1.S not w ell to become dissatis fied WIth your home town and think
other towns are better. Your town
I lS wh.at you make it.
'It isn't the
I tuwn It's you.' "
(~ ustrial
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�CHANCES
TO GET
.
56
NEW INDUSTRIES CONFERENCE TO T(f~GEfNEW
.DISCUSS PLt\N , . INDUSTRIESI '5 rt
Danbury Has 'Lost Several Op'portunities Because of
Lack of Facilities.
An inspection of the files of the
Chamber of Commerce reveals some
interesting- facts.
The lett<~rs and
correspondence show that Danbury
had during ·the past ye<J.r communications from the following- industries
seeking suitable faetm'y accommodations;
A novelty and calendar plant em'ploying 100 people wanted 40,000
square feet of space.
A clothing concern wanted 20,000
s quare fee t.
A skirt manufaCturer wanted 10,000 '
square feet.
An automobile accessories manu.
facturer wanted 10,000 squoxe feet.
A cloth dyeing concern wanted 15,000 square feet.
An engineet'ing
concern making
dies, tools, etc., and emplvying fifty
men, wanted 5,000 square feet.
A manufacturE.r of rubber heels
wanted 10,000 square feet.
A concrete brick company employing forty mon wanted a suitable
building.
A sill~ throwing concern employing
'200 people wantcd 25,000 square fe et.
Danbury turned these industries
away because there was no desirable
floor space to rent available, that
lluited their needs.
A half dozen more new industry
propositions of ' m erit are now before
the Chamber of Commerce, but that
body is helpless to do anything with
them because of lack of desirable
floor space to rent and lacl{ of a
development company to handle these
.'p ropositions in a business-like way.
The Chamber of
Commerco can
hunt up the new industry prospects
and can correspond with them and
exploit the merits of Danbury, but
the Chamber of Commerce i~ not provided with the business machinery
to close deals with such prospects,
nor can the Chamber of Commerce
provide desirable floor space.
C. A. Call, industrial manager of
the New York, New Haven & Hart:for d railroad, was in Danbury Thursday. He is g-reatly interested in the
project for organizing an ind ustrial
huild ing plan. He states that if
Danbury will provIde the factory
floor space he will help fill such
floor space with desirable indus tries.
He has not attempted to direct
many new ino.ustry propositions to
Danbury in t he past because he has
'known that this city was unprepared
to care for them.
Kingston is a town up the Hudson
with only 25,000 population.
Who
would be foolish enough to claim
that Kingston is a better place for
manufacturing than Danbury.
And yet King-ston has been getting
new industries of various kinds because its business m en got together
Chamber of Commerce ·to Consider Industri.al Building
Jdea Friday Night.
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and combined their brains with their
money.
'
Danbury has plenty or brains and
plenty of money.
,rhe Kingston Factory corporation
was started as a
pU1JIIC welrare
movement. It turned out to De a
paying busir"e;;s enterprise.
They stal·ted in a small way their
first building being only two ~tories
in height and 130 feet in length. This
building With the . land .cost only
$18,000, and yet it has been producing
$1,000 ):let profit a.nnually to the building company .
Both floors were rented as soon as
finishell, "no the two new industries
thereby brought to town gave Kin~
ston an addition of $180,000 annually
to the city's Day roll.
The News' 'informant is J. E. Canfield. who helped to organize the factory company. He says:
"The first building proved such a
success that we promptly built another and all the floor space iit that
was leased before the building was
completed."
All of Kingston's four leasing factories are comparatively small, but
they demonstrate the "idea."
The same "idea" mig'ht be adopted
in Danbury to promote the securing
of more industries.
That the business men of Danbury are in earnest in their desire to
find some pract'i cal mean ~ by which
more indu stries can be located in this
city, is evidenced by t he action of
the Chamber of Comm erce in calling
a confereace ' for coi'ls lderation·· of the
matter to be held Friday evening of
this week.
This conferen ce is called without
regard to Chamber of • Commerce
m embership, .it being {elt that ' t h e
subjeot is of such great importance
to the welfare of the community
that
no
ciVic
organization lines
should be considered.
1
The conference comes as the result
of a general fe eling' that action of
som e kind shou ld be talcen.
.
. No definite plan has ye~ been outImed, but it is expected ·that this
meeting w ill result in a plan being
perfected and adopted, such as wili
be mos t practical and most certain of
success.
The methods of industri~l developIlle.nt which have been used by other
CIties WIll b e conSidered, particularly
the method of securing industries
~hrough the erection of factory leas mg- bUlldin ~s .
Although the industrial survey of
Danbury is not quite comp let e, it is
e~pected that Commissioner Lansing
wlll.be able. at the meeting Friday
evelllng to give a brief review of' the
survey and explain some of its im portant. findings and conclusions especially such as ·relate to sec~ring
. the more rapid indu strial developm ent of Danbury.
I
Directors C. of C. Call Meeting
to Confer on, Industrial
Building.
The city-wide discussion (of the
need of aggressive effort to secure I
the location of more indu stries ap . pears to be cu lminating into definite
form. At a m ceting- of the board of
directors of the Chamber of Coml merce last evening it was voted unan imously to call a conterence of rep- '
resentative business mell of the city
to discuss tlie question, p articu larly
the proposit ion to form an industrial building corporation. If it is the
prevailing" sentiment of this meeting'
that a movement of this kind shall
b e started, active steps will be tal{en
toward the formulation of a definite
industrial
development. plan for
Danbury. The date for the meeting
has not been determined.
There was much dscussion of the
matter by directors present, who inclu ded Martin J . Cunningham, Chas.
A. Mallory, Georg-e H. William s, Martin H. Griffing, Charles D. Parl{s,
JamesE. Cuff, Charles W. Stevens,
H. J. D. Plaut, Charles A. Hodge,
and W. R. Guinan. Other nirectors
who were unable to attend, but ' who
know the s ubj ect under discussion,
called Secretary Daniel D. Lovelace
by telephone and assured him of th eir'
hearty co -operation in whatever
'shou ld be decided by the .directors a~
.the next course of action.
Charles Lansing, of the Associated
Industrial service, was present and
,·took part- in the 'general discussion .
'1'he directors went on record as favoring unani mou s ly and as a body
,the proposition that the Danbury
Library shou ld be assisted financially by a tax upon the town and city,
m v iew of its present financial predicament of larger expenses than income. Martin J. Cunningham pre] sented the matter to the directors
explaining the appeal that has been:
sent out by the Library; how tile Library has lost so much income by
1 the moving of the postofficc that thc
income now
less than ex penses.
The directors gave assuran ce of their
belief in a tax for support, and eVin ced .their ·good will towards Lhe propI OSitIOn.
. The 1916 paving committee, con sistmg of Emil Goos and William C.
Gilbl'lrt, was authorized to continue
to represen t the Chamber of Commerce on the matter of paving for
Danbury, and if necessary to appear before the publfc works committee
in
co-operation
w ith
any
movement to e ndeavor to obtain new
pavements. The matter was brought
up on the understanding that some
m ovement is on foot towa.rd that aim
'l'he committee was left free to rep~
resent the Chamber of Commerce in
accordance with the genel'al plans
l OUtlmed previously by the Chamb er
of Commerce.
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�vVhile Danbur~ has many natural' Secretary Lovelace, of the Chamadval:tages and IS favorably located, bel' of Commerce, spoke of the need
he said" an d there are num,erous op- o f ~ u itab l e factory floor ,space to rent
'por tu,l1ItIes to, procure new, 111dustnes, and toJd of various opportullities that
the city has little to offer III the way had been offered to procure new inof desirable factory space, 'fhat in- dustries none of which could be tal~
dustries such as thos~ of ,the metal en adva'ntage of, because of the lacl;;:
trade can thrIve here IS lllCllcated, he of suitable locations to offer inquirsaid, by the success of such concerns ers,
as the Rogers Silver Plate Co" the
Aftel' sOllie further discussion the
Ball & Roller J3earing Co" and the resolution pre,'ented lJY :!\II', Hodge
Turner Machine Co" which are not was voted by unanimous vote and it
associated with the hut lpdustry,
was also voted to adjourn sub ject to
One solution of the problem of in- the call of the directors of the Chamdustrial development was to be round, bel' of Commerce,
~le said" in the formation of a local
Upon unamious vote of the meeting
devclopmelit company for the purpose Chairman Mallory named a commitof provldlllg deSirable factory ,space tee to co nvey to Martin J, Cunning'Sentiment at the indu strial develto rent, If <Hlch a company IS O~' -llIam, president of the Chamber of
gal1lzed, he sald, tJ;le very ,best bus!- Commerce, an expression of SY11lopment meeting held i1'1 Odd Fellows'
ness men 111 the commulllt~, ShOUldj pathy of the organiza tion by reason
hall last evening under the auspices
i'le members of ,Its board of Ulrectors" of the death of his father, Mr, Malof the Chamber of Commerce was
j1r" Lansll1g pOll1te~ to the success 01 lory named James F, Doran, Charles
unanimous that the mos-t helpful step
similar enterprIses III numerous other Kerr al}d Secretary Lovelace upon
places
and said that in practically ev, this committee,
l(
this city cou ld take towards acquiring
ery instance
such buildings, while
new and desirable industries would
aiding the industrial development of :;=~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~=~~=::
be the erection of one or more modthe communities in which they are
located were also paying inve~tments,
ern factory buildings for ren tal.
'rhe result of a tWO-;lOur discussion
Genel'al Discussion,
of the subject from all the various
A general diHcussion of the indusangles that were suggested during
trial building question followed Mr,
the meeting was the adoption of the
Lansing's relnarks.
following resolution, the first step toE 'x -Mayor Charles K eel' said he
wards the formatlOn of a company
was heartily in favor of forming' an
1'01' the purpose of erecting such a
Industrial development company and
building;
suggested thflt " steps to that ellP
"Resolved, '1'hat it is the sense of
shou ld be tak'W immediately,
this meeting that the industrial deEber A, Hodge presented the resvelopment of Danbury can best be
olution subsequently adopted by th.~
furthered by the formation of an inmeeting,
dustrial development company duly'
Attorney William H, Cable offered
incorporated, with power to acquire
an amendment to the effect that a
land, building, buildings, or otherwise
committee of twenty be apPOinted to
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act as may be determined best to
co-operate with the directo,'s,
forward p lans for th e erection
secure new industries and to promote
Martin H, Griffing expressed disap- of an industrial building; to arrange
the g r owth of present industries,
pointment that the attendanCe at th", and initiate a campaign for raising I
"And, futher, it is the sense of
meeting was no larger and said that funds for the prospective stoc l;;: com-,
this meeting that the directors of the
while he was strongly in favor of the
Chamber of Commerce be, and arE;
industrial building idea he believed it pany, a committee of nine is to be
hereby requested, to tal(e such steps
would be futile to attempt to\.do much apPOinted by Judge Martin J, Cunas are necessary to form such a de- \ until the people of the CIty displayed ningh~m, president of the C hamb er of
,velopment company, and to adopt a
greater interest in the matter and Commerce, at an early date, accordwere willing to attend such a meet- ing to a vote of directors of th e
'\ plan for the sale of the stock of said
company, for trie main purpose of
il)g as the p resent one, vVhen t118 chambelj last e,'ening,
building an indu3trial building, 'and
people of the city want SUCil a buildGeneral discussion on the industrial
ing ' and are willing to w0rk for it. bui1ding greatly interested' the direc~uch other purposes as the directors
they can have it, he said, just as torb, and tho industrial survey, reof the development company, when
they can have a $50,000, $100,000 or cently turned over' to the Chambel'
formed, may deem best and wise,"
About ' forty men,
representing
$150,000 high school building when of Commerce by the Associated In-'
they want it and will work together dustrial Bureau, although not studied
,manufacturing, business and industo
get it, He saili he would prefe!' at length, was a matter for discustrial interests of the city, attended
to wait until a larger and more rep - I sion, in connection with the industrial
the meeting, which, in the absence
of Pr.esident Martin J, Cunningham,
i'esentative meeting was held before building,
The committee whi<.:11 will probably
of th e Chamber of Commerce, was
proceeding with the plan for an in" be named within the next two or
presided over ' by Charles A, Mallory,
dustrial bui]oin,e',
three days by Judge Cunningham,
J, F, Doran said he agreed with was authorJzad to proceeu to arrange
Mr, Lansing's Rcmal'l;:s,
Mr,
Griffin£:',
all
initiatory steps necessary to the
After a brief preliminary discussion
Would Not Delay,
formation of the stocl, company,
Charles Lansing, of the Associate cl
'M r, Lansing said he had met with
Just what methods the committee
Industrial Service, having in charge
simi lar experience~ in n\Jmerous other wi ll resort to in the campaign for
~, he industrial survey being made in
places,
and
that
if
an
att€'mpt
was
raising
funds was not stipulated by
this city, was asked
by Chairman
made ' to wait until evel ybody stood the directol~s la&t aven~ng, Ther~, are
;,V[allory to address the meeting,
with hands outstretched for such it ,several m eans ,emploYed by vallo us
Mr, Lansing spol;:e briefly of some
building the ente rpri se would never movements, favorable a mong, which
of the facts and figures developed
be started,' It nearly ah 'c, dd
to-day seems to be the sh01 t cam-I
during the
industrial survey ant
ed
u on a f"w m er
" ~~, 8 ~pen - pargn of ten days or two weeks, for
pointed out some of the opportunities
p
"4t'
1 to Btal t such an'
which preparation IS made for weeks
for industrial growth open to this
~
1 previous a nd which is usually wouncl
city, An industrial survey, in order
! enterprise, he said, and after thj up, in whirlwind fashion, Such camto be of any value, should serve the
start lllterest and enthUSiasm grows palgns usually are managed by expurposes of a useful tool for the proHe advised immedlate action,
pert ,campaigl1 directors,
motion of the growth and bettermen t
Selectman Stephen B, Treadwel
Wh e th er the company will be incorof the city in which it is made, The
said he believed Mr, Lallsin~ wa porated before stoc;, is s ubscribed or
survey in Danbury has so many
right and the present oppoI~unit whether a fUI,us campaIgn will be Inphases, he said, tl}at he would not
shou ld not be a llo'V'ed to s lip away, , augurated fimt for the gene,ral prop,
ask for time to go into it in detaiL
Ex-Mayor Ken said he was in ac~1 OSItIOn of an mduslnal bUlldmg IS for
It must be some satisfaction to
COl'd, with the v iew s of Mr, LanSing'l the committee to decide , Membership
'find in the course of such a survey,
Wilbur F , Tomlinson ::;aid he was~, on SUCJl a committee lllvolves a large
Mr, Lansing said, that Danbury is
always an optimist in relation to {esPOnS}bIlIty 1Il the matter, and it
favored with an industrial pay ro!l
Danbury,
He lived in Bridgeport rls expected that the preSident of the
amounting injl916 to $6,035,000, These
01lrty-three years ago and at that Chamber' of Commerce WIll carefully
figures included those of Bethel, he
ti,?e Bridgeport was deader' indu::;- pick men who have the capabi lity of
said, as Betllel , is included within
tnally than Danbury eve r was, He carrymg, the matter to a successfu l
Danbury's industrIal zone and the
becam!'l interested in a movement of culr!lInatlOn,
,
Survey had been extended to include
the Board of Trade to boost things
DI~'ectors of the chamber ,,,,ere authat place, The number of manufac- '
in Bridgeport and encountered thel'e thon,zed to proceed, aq they dId last
turing establishments is 182, he said,
tile same small mcetings and appar- e:v emng , by a meetmg of representaand they employ 7,827 persons, and
ent lack of interest complained of tlve busllless ~ell III Odd Fellows'
here,
hall recently, Ihe Chamber of Com the value of the products of these factories in 1916 was $19,099,300, In add i~
"I believe the time to do what ' we merce has gOlle about the ,n:atter of
tion to these establishments and in
wish to do is now," said Mr, Tomlin - presentlllg th~ mdl.1stnal bUllolllg proson,
lect Without naGte, and WIth due al mercantile establishments $830,000 wall
lowance of time for everyone con paid in wages,
J\ft-, '.rUl'UCl"S Views_
cm'ned to become thgrough ly informWhile these figure sfLPpeared large,
Arnold
'1'urne
r
said
h
e
was
much
ed
of the facts in the case, and to
he said, it was a fact nevertheless,
interested in th e industrial building form an opinion in regard to the
that conditions are not as satisfacpropOSition, His own experience in matter,
tory as Danbury might wish them to
endeavoring to rent factory property
'1'h ere is a general current opinbe, In 1860, he said, 'Danbury, Wathat h e formerly owned had demon- ion throughout the city distinctly
terbury and Kew Britain were about
strate d" he said, the futility of try- favorable to the erection of such a
equal in size, ea~h having' from 7,000
Illg
to mduce desirable industries to s tructure" The building, it is pointto 10,000 populvtion, Since that time
move into any but modern factory ed out, has two outstanding features
Danbury has gained 225 pel' cent.
bUlldmgs, He said he (lId not believe which make It attracti ve as an enin pOPlllation, while Waterbury has
that until SUItable buildings were ter,Prise presen ted to the Danbury
gained 631 pel' cent: and New Britain
In the first place, it will
provided it would be possible to get public,
743 per cent. He also made comindustnes to lo cate in this city, It araw new industries to the city, a
parisons between the industrial inthing
towards
which every far7seeing
would oe better to put up a $50,000
creases in Danbury and other Conor $100,000 building and have it re - buslll css man of the city has been
necticu t cities, vihich were propormain idl e for a. time, he said, rather looking for years, In this it , will oe
tionately similar tv those relating to
than to have no such location to of- a , civic asset in which to buy stock
popu lation,
will be an act of civic patriotism,
fer a prospective newcomer, Such
And in the second pl ace, it is pointa movement would increase the spirit
Sho ld Speed Things Up,
ed
out, industria1 buildings, wherever
of co-operation, greatly needed here
These statistics pOinted to the need
erected, have been good paying prop~e said, llnd woule': help to get Dan~
of an effort to speed things up in this
ositions-so the people of Danbury
Dury ?ut of tIle frame building atticity, he said, and to make the city
Will be offered an opportunity to
tude Illto which it had gotten, He
grow m'ore rapidly than It has don'e
buy stock in "a manufacturing essaId he believed the endeavor should
in the past, Cities do not grow by
tablishment," if yOU please, similar
t)e to get the largest possible number
chance, as a rule, he said, The city
to ones which have always paid good
of people interested in the movement
that has the greatest growth is the
dividends,
and that e',ery man who could buy a
one whose people have been active
The announcement Qf the apPOint-I'
ten-dollar share of the stock in such
in industrial develo ment
ment o,f the committee is waited w ith :
a building should do so,
much Illterest by the public,
'
WILL ORGANIZE
INDUSTRIAL CO'I
•
Last Night's' Meeting Unanimously in Favor of the
Enterprise.
COMMITTEE OF
I ATO B~_NAMED
...
Industri J Building Project
Consigned to It by C. of
C. Directors.
I
I
I
I
57
�58
�59
�60
�65
GROWTH AND INDUSTRIAL STANDING OF DANBURY.
Aooording to the United States Census figures the
oity of Danbury lost in population between 1890 and 1900 , but
between that year and 1910 gained 3 , 677 population. There has
been no census Since the latter year but the Census Bureau estimated that in 1914 the population of the oity had grown to
22 , 000 . While Danbury was gaining its 3,677 new population
in the two years preceeding 1910 , Waterbury gain d 27 , 282 in
the same period , Stamford 9 , 141 and New Britain 17 , 918 .
While any city may develop what is known as "natural
growth n without regard to increase in industrial growth , yet
census statistics show that as a rule, the cities which grow most
rap idly in population are those which also grow most rapidly
industrially.
In the five years preceeding the European war, according
to the government oensus of industries, Danbury lost ground in
the number of its industries and showed an inorease of only 3. 7
per oent in the amount paid out annually in wages. Dur ing the
same period , many other cities grew industrially by leaps and
bounds . Bridgeport during that period gained at the rate of 27%,
New Haven 14%, New Britain 10%, Hartford 21%, Meriden 11%.
Stamford 36% , Norwioh 8%, while many oities in other states grew
at a much more rapid rate as for example , Miohigan City , Ind .
105%, Kokomo , Ind. 99%, Cedar R~ids , Iowa 45%, pontiao , Mioh. 84%,
LanSing 61%, Springfield , Mass. 36%, Waltham , Mass . 22%, Haverhill ,
Mass . 30%, Kamestown , N.Y. 39% , poughkeepsie , N. Y. 38%, Hoboken ,
N.J. 25% , Canton , Ohio 50%, Toledo, O. 82%, Lima, Ohio , 57%,
Sandusky , Ohio 67%, Muskogee, Okla. 132%,
illiamsport , pa. 26%,
Easton , Pa. 49%, Huntingtom, W. Va. 55%, Raoine, Tis. 48%.
It is notioeable that the oommunities which have grown
most rapidly in population and industries, as a rule are those
cities whose citizens ha.ve been most active in helping themselves
to grow .
�66
In view of the rapid increases in many other cities
possessing no greater economic or natural advantages than
Danbury , it is apparent that the growth of Danbury has been somewhat sluggish and much less than would be expected considering
the .cityls favorable position in relation to the industrial
activities of the country .
Danbury's growth in population has been a.s follows :
1890
- - - - - 16 , 552
1900
~
1910
- - - 20 , 234
1914
- -
~
- - 16 , 537
- - 22,000 (estimated)
In population Danbury ranks loth wnong the cities of
Connecticut as follows :
Census 1910
Growth Estimated 1914
New Haven
133 , 605
145 ,000
Bridgeport
102 , 054
115 , 289
lIartford
98 , 915
107 , 000
Waterbury
73 , 141
83 ,000
New Britain
43 , 916
50 , 612
Meriden
27 , 265
29,000
Stamford
25 , 138
29 , 000
Norwalk
24 . 211
26 , 000
Norwich
20 , 367
21 , 000
Danbury
20 , 234
22 , 000
New London
19 , 659
Torrington
16 , 840
Greenwich
16 , 463
Ansonia
15 , 152
Manchester
13 , 641
Bristol
13 , 502
Naugatuck
12 , 722
Willimantic
11 , 230
Wallingford
. 11 ,155
19 , 000
16 , 000
12 , 000
Industrially according to the government statistics
a.nd as measured by number of manufacturing esta.blishments ,
�67
Danbury , however ranks 6th as fo110\'1's :
New Haven
538 Plants
Brid,g eport
403
"
Hartford
380
tf
Waterbury
190
n
1 eriden
127
"
Danbury
124
tf
New Britain
120
"
Exoept for purposes of oomparison however it is a question
,s to how mue h re1 ia.nce oan be plaoed on the government figures .
For example this Survey shows there are 175 industrial establishments within the oity limits of Danbury while the government
••
statistios only give credit for 124 . The State Register gives
Danbury credit for possessing only 70 industries.
The government cenSUS shows 4 ,106 industrial plantslooated
in Connectiout whioh turned out produots in 1914 to the value
of $545 , 249 , 000 .
As the same census credits Danbury with having produoed
goods in 1914 to the value of $10 , 582 ,000 , it WOUld, appear that
on this basis Danbury produoes over one fiftieth of the total
manufacturing production of the state .
According to the ,same oensus figures Danbury in 1914
e~
ployed about one fiftieth of the total 225 .000 persons employed
in the industrial plants of the state.
The remarkable growth of many cities since the outbreak of
the EUropean war has upset statistios to a considerable extant
so that there is little reI iab1e basis fo r oomparisons.
This Industrial Survey takes a broader view of industrial
oond,itions than d,o government and state statistical reoords ,
and instead of considering Danbury as simply that seotion in~
oluded within the munioipal limits , has considered the Danbury
Industrial area as a whole , embracing all that territory of which
Danbury City is the logical center , the logical trading point and
the logioal marketing point for produots of all kinds .
This is the only fair and sensible manner 01 oonsidering th
industrial oonditions of any community and is in line with the
�68
more reoent methods of indus trial study. We find that large
•
areas outside of some of the more important industrial oities
are treated in this way t these areas being oalled "metropolitan
zones" and including all contributing territory.
It is of as great advantage to the business interests of
Danbury to have a new industry located in Bethel or Mill Plain
as within the city limits . It WQ,uld be foolish in making a survey
of Danbury to ignore the near-by industries outside of the city
limits . For this reason the industri es of Bethel and other ad....
jacent industries are covered by this Survey.
The Danbury Industrial Area is indicated on the aooompanying map . Fairfield County has a total population of 250 , 000
•
but a oonsiderable portion of it could be. considered within the
Bridgeport , Norwalk and Stamford Areas .
In desoribing the Danbury Area , oounty- and state lines
are ignored as a large part of Litchfield County and a portion
of New York state can be co,nsidered allied by trade relations to
Danbury.
The population of the Danbury area is approximately
100,000
and includes the following :
Fairfield County
Danbury
23 , 502
Bethel
3 , 792
Brook:field
1 ,101
Easton
1 ,052
Monroe
1 , 002
New Fairfield
551
Newtown
3 , 012
Redding
1 , 617
Ridgefield
3,118
Sherman
•
Population
569
�69
Litchfield County
Population
Bethlehem
550
Bridgewater
600
Kent)
.1 ,122
Litchfield
3 , 005
Morris
681
New Milford
5 , 010
Roxbury
. 837
Warren.
412
ash ing ton
1 , 747
oodbury
1 , 860·
New Haven County
•
Population
Southbury
1 , 233
New York state
Population
Salem
1 , 258
Bedford
5 , 629
m.
3 . 573
0
Kisoo
Brewster
3 , 282
Millbrook
3 , 027
Dover
2 , 016
Beekman
827
Pawling
1 , 927
Patterson
1 , 536
Grand Total ...
79 . 448
s the above are the census figures for 1910 , it can be
fairly stated that Danbury dominates an area having a population
of 100 , 000 people , and that most of the trading and marketing of
this area is done in Danbuftry.
The local market for a manufacturing or mercantile interest
located in Danbury can therefore be said to cover an area having 100 , 000 population. The adjacency of Danbury to New York
however gives this city claim to still greater importance , than
i1 considered from the isolated view point.
rlhen we sa.y Irew York we use the name in its larger sense
to cover the entire contributory area 01 which Manhattan Borough
�70
is the canter. This area includes the leading New Jersey cities
of Newark , Jersey City, Paterson, Hoboken , Perth Amboy , Passaio
and other sections and New York state up into putnam County and
properly should include a considerable part of Fairfield county .
Connecticut .
The accompanying birds-eye view of the eastern half of
this area illustrates the point made in the abpve statement .
With Manhattan only 60 miles away a.nd connected with the metropolis
by frequent train a ervice and magnificent automobile. roads t
Danbury ca.n honestly
t~e
to itself all the merit that comes from
such proximity to the greatest city in the world , the very heart
of the financial and business life of the nation.
Within a radius of 100 miles of Manhattan there are
twelve million population or one eighth of the population of the
United states . New York is . the great buying and selling market
of the nat ion and this fact alone makes it of advantage to t ,h e
manufacturer to be located within this 100 mile radi us.
Approx~
imately ' one half of the total. exports and imports of the United
states are handled through
t~e
port of New York.
Any manufacturer within this industrial 100 tnile area
has the
a~vantage
of being located within the
larges~
looal
market of the country . Within a few hours time he can. make delivery of his products to any of twelve million people .
All ' the great railroad trunk lines or their allied roads
have terminals in New York and are thus closely oonneoted with
Danbury.
The New York industrial area is the largest and best
labor market in the co untry • Either in the buying of materials
or in th e sale of products the
manufacture~
finds great advantage
in being located within this area.
Danbury manuiacturers possess these advantages without
the disadvantages of location within the more congested portion
of' this area.
�71
C01~ARISONS
WITH OTHER CITIES
Wor the purpose of obtaining an idea of Danburyfs
relative industrlal strength as compared with other cities of
about equal population , we have picked out 28 cities of the
United States ha.ving from 20 , 000 to 26 , 000 population and. give
the number of industrial plants in each , the number employed"
the amount paid out annually in wages and the value of the
annual production , as shown by the government census of 1914 .
The figures given for Danbury include only the city
limits and fail to includ e a large number of plants which should
have been counted but as the. other cities are on the same basis
the ~omparison is fair .
No . Plants
•
Danbury
Belleville , Ill .
Elgin , Ill .
Galesburg , Ill .
Moline , Ill .
And.erson , Ind.
Munci.e , Ind .
Richmond., Ind.•
Burlington , Ia .
Waterloo , Ia.
CUIilberlandfMd .
Medford , Mass .
North Adams ,
Waltham , Mass .
Battle Cre ek , Mich.
Concord , N. H.
New Brunswick , N. J .
Plainf i eld , N.J.
. Cohoes , N. Y.
Gloversville , N. Y.
Newburgh , N. Y•.
East ,Li verpool , O.
Mansfield , O.
Newark , 0 .
Steubenville , O.
But 1e.r , Pa t
Easton ,Pa .
Charleston , W. Va .
124
130
91
60
108
114
113
118
119
144
74
54
70
88
135
86
113
78
106
211
128
80
103
79
60
69
118
89
No .
Eroployed5 , 290
2 , 4 51
5 , 529
1 , 399
5 , 053
3 ,906
3 , 686
3 , 662
2 , 842
3 , 483
2 , 817
559
5 , 288
6 , 465
4 , 599
2 , 856
6 , 447
1 , 832
5 , 781
5 , 335
4 , 318
4 , 830
3 , 398
4 , 583
4 , 500
3 , 303
4 , 062
1 , 081
Annual
Pay Roll
Aririual
Production
$ 2 . 963 , 000
$ 10 , 582 , 000
1 , 411 , 000
3 , 320 ,000
941 , 000
3 , 510 ,000
2 , 425 , 000
2 , 376 , 000
2 , 316 , 000
1 , 804 ,000
2 , 537 , 000
1 , 519 , 000
335 , 000
2 , 776 , 000
4 , 005 , 000
3 ,191 , 000
1 , 956 , 000
2 , 955 , 000
1 , 176 , 000
2 , 792,000
2 , 577 , 000
2 , 204 , 000
2 , 965 , 000
2 . 029 , 000
2,969 , 000
3 , 430 , 000
2 , 051 , 000
2 , 278 , 000
637 , 000
5 , 739 , 000
10 , 492 , 000
3 , 192 , 000
19 , 925 , 00.0
12 , 789 , 000
10 , 779 , 000
10 , 252 , 000
8 , 158 , 000
14 , 126 ,000
6 , 367 , 000
2 , 619 , 000
13 , 562 , 000
10 , 237 , 000
23 , 248 , 000
6 , 744 , 000
14,814,000
5 , 000 , 000
11 , 706 ,000
13 , 384 , 000
9,987 , 000
7 , 093 , 000
10 , 282 , 000
9 , 277 , 000
16 , 950 , 000
15 , 006 , 000
10 , 357 , 000
3 , 699 , 000
I
�72
SOME POPULATION CENSUS COMPARISONS
Townships
1866
1870
20%
D~Dbury
Waterbury
•
New Britain
33%
1890
1900
1910
67%
0%
20%
Tot~l G~:in
7.234
8.763
11.666
19.476
19.474
23 503
225%
, 31%
13.106
55%
to.270
641&
33.~02
54%
51 .139
43%
73.141
631%
10.004
81%
9.480
48%
13.979
48%
19.007
48%
a8 . 202
56%
43.916
743%
5. 21a
33%
46~~
44~
667%
48.866
70.9.96 102.054
50%
Bridgeport
1880
13.299
19.835
42%
29.148
�73
e·
�~v
INDUSTRIES MAP
Following is a list of new industries that have located in
Danbury during the last five years :
Warner Bros .
Corsets
J
National Elec . Utilities Corp.
Electric Heating
C. I. Robinson & Co .,
Thread
Cuff Hat Co .
Hats
t
t
Hats
The Bates Co .,
Hats
Mutual Fur Cutting Co. ,
Fur
Ideal Garage
Auto Sales
~.- W ~-~l~RtT- Ga»Qge
A~t ~-~Ql~ il
Pyramid Garage
Auto Sales
Short Rat Co.
These industries have add.ed ' 491,700 to the annual pay roll
of the community. The i r location is indicated on the accompanying
mapAnother map of Danbury is also supplied. and this is to use
for maintaining a record of additional industries secured
beginning Jan. 1 . 1917 -
•
�IAL GROWTH
Danbury
1,
by
to January 1. 1917
of new
in number
INDEX
in Annual
$ 491,700
����IVER
I
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~+
I
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��~
O .... ICE 0 ..
THE DJR,I!:CTOR
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
WASHINGTON
October 4, 1916.
Dea.~
Sir:
In comp1ianoe with your request of the 2d instant, I take pleasure
in fUrnishing the following statement giving the information you desire
in regard
to the manufaoture of fUr-felt hats for Danbury Connectiout •
.. .
I
as reported for the censuses of 1914 and 1909,
1914
Number of establishments •••••••••••••
Persons engaged ••••••••••••••••••••••
Proprietors and fi~ members ••••••
Salaried employees ••••••••••••••••
Wage earners (average number) •••••
Males 16 years of age and over •
Males under 16 years of age ••••
Primary horsepower •••••••••••••••••••
Capital ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Salaries and wages •••••••••••••••••••
Salaries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••
\Vae:e s •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Paid for oontraot work •••••••••••••••
Rent and taxes •••••••••••••••••••••••
Cost of materials ••••••••••••••••••••
Va.lue of produots ••••••••••••••••••••
Value added by manufacture (value of
produots less oost of materials) ••
1909
38
4,460
27
391
4,042
47
3,926
39
447
2,930
~,~pe
2,~o
22
4,528
$4,517,502
2,693,247
388,829
2,304,418
172
42,614
3,574,334
7,065,765
~
3,728
~,895,940
2,521,517
345,145
2,176,372
7,069
42,663
3,493,179
7,114,683
3,491,431
3,621,504
----------~-----------------------------------------------~---------------------
Trusting that the above will answer your reqUirements, I am,
~
Yours verry truly,
Mr. Daniel D. Lovelace. ll&Xecutive Sec 'y,
. !'
Danbury Chamber of Oommerce.
~~t.1' -k I
Danbury. Oonneoticut.
I
trCffYt
Director.
�I~~.0U.,)l'RI:.."
Groups ef Industries
letal lerking and
HetR.1 Products
llachy.& 1.Iach. Prod
Mcts.l pecialties
Plumbing ; tin smiths
Railrds;Public erv .
Garage Lachine Shops
Jtene & stene Pred .
Hats & Hat Bodies
Fur s 8.. .~kins
Leathe r & Leather
Pre ducts
Paper & Paper Pred .
:trlntlng & Publishing
Lumber and I, Qod Prod .
Textiles , including
Silk
Garment & Needle
Industries
Foed Products
!BOtt11ng & Mineral
.laters
Chemical s , Cempeunds
and Preparatiens
Ciga rs
Laundries
.
a '~TSU3 or
No..
lie .
Pluntf: Empleye
D
82
lTBURY.
" unl
Pay ell
Value of
ual Prod.
Value ef
Investment
---..,
~~622 . 900
,jl . 044 . 900 .
489 , 000 .
190 , lPO
105,300
325 ,000 .
39 , 600
80 , 400
235 , 400
150 , 500
52 t 500
58 . 0mr.
18 , 400
4.165 .-zaG -11.1.<]0 . 500 .
2 , 680 , 000.
313 , 200
.;33 . 431 800.
301 ,000 .
300 , 000 .
28 , 300 .
, 750 , 000 .
555,. 000.
337 .000 .
35
7
757
233
143
42
274
65
24
51 58
507 .
5
7
8
17
128
158
52
115
111 . 200
110 . 900
34 . 900
101 . 000
~90 . 500 .
126.500.
196 .. 000 .
48 .000 .
115 .000 .
5
210
113 . 500
359 , 500.
580 , 500 .
5
18
419
99
235 . 100
74 . 200
1 . 833 . 000.
-246 . 200
239 , 500.
139.500.
6
15
10 . 500
29 .. 000.
13 . 500 .
4
10
29 . 300
43 , 200
165 , 000.
109,000.
221 . 000 .
14 ,000 .
4
35.
48
102
182
7-,1327
Jo,035,700
, 099 , -ZOO.
';9 , 688 , 800 .
GO VlJ;RNJ>,fRNT CEUSUS1914", ,1 24
5-, 290
J2 , 963 ,OOO ";10 , 582 . 000 .
';7 , 6t1~ , UUO .
,TOTAL
~TATE
48
7
19
13
6
12
3
C.clr.SUd
ll6 ~000.
02 t ~UU
'I'j
~19
52 ~ 500 .
4?bOO .
g , 683 .000 .
746 , 000.
,'/UU
tj'l
, uuu .
5 , 959
Fully ~500 , 000 . mere ceul be added to. the industrial pay roll ef
Danbury fer the ameunt paid eut in salaries to. executives .
In the totals given the value 'ef the pre ducts of the gas and
electric companies , ef the railre d sheps and of municipal werks are
net given . The number of persons employed is the maximum in 1916.
The pay rel1 figures are for the year 1916 .
The value ef products is that given by the manufacturers er
secured frem reliable seurces .
The value ef the in vestman t figures represent s the total assets
ef the manufacturing plants lecated in Danbury and not the capital
sto ck ef corperations . ·
The 182 plants eccupy 2,171,300 square feet of floer space
and their primary herse pewer requirement-s are 17,097 h.p
..
�83
CDSUS 0:&.1' MERCANTILE INTERESTS AND TRADES OF DANBURY.
Vholesale & Retail
Establishments & Trad.es
Meat JIt!arkets
Grocers- Butter & Eggs ; etc .
Cigars & Tobacco
Confectionery & Fruit
Barbers
Blacksmiths
Stationers
Boot ....hlacks
Restaurants
Bottlers
Liquor Dealers
Undertakers
Roofers
Merchant Tailors
Wholesale Grocers
Clothing
Hillinery
Tailors
Cobblers
Drugs
Dry & Fancy Good.s
Shoes
Furni ture
Carpenters
Chair Caners
Milk Dealers
Dress Makers
Electrical Contractors
Express & Carmen
F'ish & 0 .
Florists
Furriers
Grain, Hay ,Flour & Feed
Hardware
Coal - -lOO , OO~on
Hair Dressers
Harness Ma...1rers
Hat Renovators
Automobiles
Ice - - 20 , 000 Ton
Cement & Lime
Jewelers
Junk
Newsdealers
Cpntractors
Opticians
Paint , Oil & Glass
Pho tog r ap hy
Musical Instruments
Painters
Lumber & Timber
(
No .
4:0
105
11 ,
50
25
9
7
15
16
2
50
7
5
8
2
5
7
10
25
11
15
11
9
15
48
5
10
5
3
2
4
7
6
6
2
5
8
3
4
10
12
9
14
5
5
5
5
2
Employee
100
350
11
150
75
20
14
20
60
4
150
7
12
23
15
20
10
40
30
100
25
30
200
2
40
100
20
40
12
10
4
10
20
50
6
3
7
8
10
4
20
20
9
14
5
10
5
20
125
10
Annual
j{ages
$100 , 000
300 , 000
11 , 000
117 , 000
75 , 000
20 , 000
10 , 000
12 , 000
45 , 000
4 , OQO
150 , 000
7 , 000
5 , 000
12 , 000
23 , 000
12 , 000
10 , 000
10 , 000
30 , 000
25 , 000
75 , 000
20 , 000
25 , 000
200 , 000
200
30 , 000
50 , 000
20 , 000
75 , 000
10,000
7 , 000
4 , 000
8 , 000
18 , 000
400 , 000
4 , 000
3 , 000
4 , 500
8 , 000
18 , 000
3 ,.000
16 , 000
15 , 000
6 , 000
45 , 000
5 , 000
8 , 000
5 , 000
20 , 000
100 , 000
10 , 000
Annual
Sales
$500 , 000
1 . 500 , 000
33 , 000
250 , 000
80 , 000
40 , 000
40 , 000
12 , 000
150 , 000
20 , 000
500 , 000
15 , 000
10 , 000
30 , 000
550 , 000
200 , 000
50 , 000
15 , 000
35 , 000
200 , 000
1 . 000 , 000
250 , 000
75 , 000
250
75 , 000
50 , 000
35 , 000
25 , 000
25 , 000
100 , 000
250 , 000
800 , 000
10 , 000
265 , 000
60 , 000
10 , 000
50 , 000
50 , 000
12 , 000
90 , 000
10 , 000
30 , 000
10 , 000
150 , 000
250,000
L
635 . 2 , 050
1 , 830 , 700
7 , 912 , 250
�84
REC
ITULATION OFC
ile the census of Danbury Ts industries makes a somewhat
j
:.
imposing showing , yet the totals' are far less than what they should
be considering Danburyls superior location for manufacturing
purposes.
The industries allied to the hat industry and which would not
have d.eveloped in Danbury except for the" hat ind ustry . include
the manufacture o~ hat machinery, tools and supplies , the preparation
of fur, and the manufacture of silk hat bands and leather sweat bands .
dded to the totals of hat manufacture we find ~hat the
hatting industry of Danbury alone employs 6 ,148 persons out of the
total of 7,827 persons employed in all industries in Danbury, and
that of the total paid out in wages · 4,818,200 is paid to wage
earners employeq by industries connected with the hatting industry
out of total pay roll of
6 , 035 , 700 .
Of the total annual value of manufactured products of Danbury
amounting to ,1~19 ,0 99 , 300 , the industries conneoted with the hatting
industry produce
~15 t~7iJ 500 .
As to industrial pay roll therefore the hatting industry can
be~said
to represent two fifths of the total industrial strength
of ' the Danbury area.
Only 1679 persons are employed in industries not connected
with the hatting industry.
These comparisons very strongly bring
~orth
the need of effort
to Secure a larger diversity of industries in Danbury.
The real value of industries to the bUSiness interests of
Danbury is not found in t he value of the products but in the amount
p id out annually in wages , totalling ~6 ,0 35,700. Over $500,000.
could be added to this as the amount paid to superintendents and
exeoutives .
The value of the various. groups of industries of Danbury as
measured by annual pay rolls is as follows:
Hatting industry
"~4
? , 165 , 200
Metal Products ind ustrieu
622,900
Fur industry
313 , 200
Needle industries
235 ,100
�85
•
Textiles
$J.13itjOO
Leather Pro d,u cts
111,200
Pap er Pro ducta
110.900
lood i ndustries
101 , 000
Pood products
74 , 200
Laundries
52 , 200
Cigar making
43 ~ 200
r1nting and publishin
34 , 900
In importance as to number of persons employed the variou£
industries rank as folIo a:
Hatting industry
5 , 158
Metal industries
757
Fur industry
507
Needle industry
419
extiles
210
aper products
158
Leather products
128
ood products
115
s to value of annual production the various groups of
ind,u stries rank as follO\vs:
Hatting industry
Jll , 196 , 500
Fur industry
2 , 680 , 000
Needle industry
1 , 833 ;000
etal industriew
1 , 044 , 000
Leather products
555 , 000
Textiles
359 , 000
aper products
337 , 000
ood products
290 , 500
Food produots
~46 , 000
Of Danburyls 182 industries,eleven have an annual production
of over half a million dollars value annually each , as follows :
The F. H. Lee Company ,
The Bates Company .
The Danbury Company ,
• A.
llory & ons .
�86
D.
• Loewe
John
Green
I.
ons
&
The Delohery Hat COet
Baird-Untiedt COe ,
American Hatters
&
Furriers Co. ,
G. A. Shepard Sons & Co. ,
arner Brothers .
Twenty- eight of these 182 industries produce goods annually
~lOO , OOO
to the value of
to
~500 , OOO
Ball & oller Bearing Co .,
Turner Machine Co. ,
Rogers
ilver Plating COe ,
Daniels & Tri~pet
essenger Co. ,
o ~t -
George Mc Lachlan
Columbia Hat Co.,
H. 1c Lachlan
&
Co.,
•• G. Hat Co. ,
imon & Keane
He rman
TO
al the r
Meeker Bros. & Co ••
A.
helton Davenport
Diamond Hat Co.,
Cuff Hat Co.,
Van (lal Hat Co. t
~11l
& Loper Co .,
F. D. Twe edy
&
Co. ,
urphy8Gorman Co ••
Peak
ur Co. ,
Mutual Fur Cutting Co. ,
Beaver Brook Paper Mill
Clark Box Co. It
Hine Box & Printing Co .,
Imperial Silk Works
Twe ~ dy
ilk
~ills
as follows :
�87
Danbury Mfg. Co. ,
Connecticut Glue Co .,
here are therefore 30 industrial establishments in Danbury
each of which has cAn . annual production of more than $100 ,000
in value .
The foll owing 24 industrial plants employ more than 100
persons each :
Turner Machine Co .
I
t
Ball & Roller Bearing Co .,
V
ogers Silver Plating Co _,
Hoyt .Mess enger Co .,
H. Mc Lachlan\ & Co.,
F.H. Lee Co.,
Meeker Bros. & Co • •
The Bates Co .,
The Danbury Co .,
A. Shelton Davenport
E. A. Mallory & Sons
D. E. Loewe
J ohn
I.
Green & ons
Delohery Hat 00 .,
Baird- Unti edt Co ••
urphy- Gorman Co .,
Peck Fur Co. ,
American Hatters
G.
• Shepard,
&
Furr i ers Co .
Ons &
Co .
t
if
t
arner Bros . Co .,
Tweedy Silk Mills
Danburyl\tfg. Co .
~
t
The largest single industry in Danbury as measured by t he s ize
•
of the pay roll is the hatting plant of the F. H. Lee Co . , which
has over 1000 employees . In number of employees ,
rank s econd, and John
~ .
Green
&
Sons thi rd,.
.A.
1~11 o ry
& ons
�88
Outside of the hatting industry Warner Bros , Co. ,
manufacturers of corset " have the largest pay roll , employing
238 persons.
In the metal products industries the most important plants
are those of the Turner Machine Co.
and Rogers
t
Ball
&
Roller Bearing Co ,
ilver Plating Co • • each of which has over 100 employees.
Of the total of 7 , 827 persons employed by the i n4ustries
of the
anbury area 5 , 614 are male and 2 , 213 female . The state
census of 1916 shows 1 , 788 fanales employed in the city of
Danbury alone .
eventeen of the industriaJ. establishments included in
the survey census are located in Bethel.
These
seve~teen
industries employ 616 persons , payout
426 , 103 annually in wages , produced goods in 1916 to the value
of ~1 , 397 , 700 and represent, a capital investment of $246 , 000 •
•
�89
. THE DANBURY TRADE AREA AND DEVELOPMEHT OF THE MERCANTILE nmUSTRY.
There are 635 retailestablishments and one wholesale house in
DAlTBURY. These establishments employ 2050 persons and payout
,hl . 830 . 700 in wages.
It is evident therefore that the development of the mercantile
interests of the city will be of benefit to the city as a whole and
that these interests form an important industrial asset of the
community.
In add i tion to the _' mercant ile interests, there are 16 lawyer"
26 physicians and surgeons, 3 veterinary surgeons and 12 dentists,
who have services to sell and whose total annual business increases
with the growth of the communit;y and the extension of the patronage
of residents of territory adjacent to Danbury.
The 635 mercantile establishments sell goods of various kinds to
the amount of about eight million dollars annually.
Those goods are purchased in part by the 23,000 residents of the
city of Danbury and in part by such portion of the 100,000 population
adjacent to Danbury as choose to
do their trading in this city.
The industries and stores of Danbury payout approximately
4~7 t
000, 000 in wages yearly in Danbury. Probably $4 , 000 t 000 of this
is spent in Danbury in addition to
1~l t OOO . 000
expended here by ex ....
ecutives of industries, professional men and others or over $6 . 000,000
of the local mercantile trade comes from residents of Danbury .
It would appear therefore that approximately
~~3 t 000,000
of this
local trade came from outside Danbury. If more of those 100,000
people outside of Danbury in the adjacent territory could be induced
to do their trading in Danbury, thesales of the Danbury dealers would
be more than eight million dollars annually.
If other towns like waterbury or Bridgeport or Norwalk can
•
induce more of those 100 , 000 people to go to their stores to trade
"'then the sales of the Danbury merchants will be less then eight
million dollars yearly .
How much more or how much less the total turn-over of the merchants
�90
will be as a result of one condition or another is only a matter
of speculation but it is obvious that the Danbury mercantile interests
cannot afford to lose any of this trade and that it will pay them
and pay all Danbury interests to make every effort to increase this
patronage.
A prospective customer in this area is just as near Danbury
as the time it takes him to reach here.
He is just as near
Waterbury as the time it takes him to reach waterbury .
This prospective customer may be nearer to Danbury in actual
miles but
h~
may really be nearer waterbury because over better
roads it takes him less time to reach that town.
~ecause
of some
ex~eedingly
bad road he may be as good as
a thousand miles away from Danbury although in actual distance he
is only five miles away.
The securing of more patronage from among that 100,000
popUlation for the merchants, the banks and the professional men of
Danbury evolves itself then simply into a matter of good roads.
Danbury is particularly fortunate in being the center of a
large· area from whi ch to draw trade. The limits of that area are
largely regulated by the condition of the country highways.
somewhere on the best road between Danbury and Brid geport
is a neutral ground part
of the residents of which tend to travel
to Danbury to do their buying and part to Bridgeport. The better
the condition of that road the further will be the limits of the
Danbury trading zone. The same is true of the best highways to
NOr\lIf8,lk, to stamford, to Waterbury, to Torrington., to Pittsfield and
to Poughkeepsie.
The Danbury Trade area is defined On a map- accompanying this
report. An imaginary line is indicated
withi ~
which is the territory
that can be considered contributory to Danbury of which Danbury
is the logioal trad ing center.
This assumption is contingent however upon whether the highways by which Danbury is reached are in a condition to make it easy
and expeditious for the residents of this area to travel to Danbury.
�91
Investigations show that at many paints it is not easy
for the residents of certain sections to get to Danbury to trade.
These sore spots are indicated in black.
Whenever there is a black stretch of highway there is a
pretty sure indi cat iOn of trade and business lost to Danbury
which Danbury should have .
These black stretches of road need attention and it will
pay the people of Danbury to find some way of giving t hem attention
The state has designated certain main "trunk" lines lf of
highways and is improving and taking care ofr them as well as the
state highway funds permit .
I t is the other roads. the Iffeeders n that Danbury should now
\
give most attention to .
There are some roads right in the town of Danbury that
should be imp ro ve·d •
The state has provided a system of "state aid!f for the
improvement of such road s _ Most of the towns of the state have taken
the necessary steps t a secure this state aid_
Danbury has failed to do this and is one of the few towns
which are not sharing in this benefit . A plan for securing the
•
cooperation of other towns within the Danbury zone in the matter of
road improvement is set forth in the chapter relating to roads of
the traffic section of the Survey .
such a plan would be of great benefit to all Danbury
business interests .
Danbury is greatly favored by the trunk highway good road
plans as will be seen by the highway map of Connecticut accompanying
this report . Many fine automobile highways pass through Danbury _
what is needed however are more good highways leading into
Danbury ~
More good road s will mean more auto-bus lines running
•
to near-by points and contributing to the loo:al trade of Danbury •
We fail to see how an auto-bus line to Bridgeport can help
local trade very greatly. An auto-bus line half way to Bridgeport
�92
•
would be · better for business in Danbury .
The auto-bus lines to Nevnown and New Milford contribute
largely to local trade and there should be more short bus lines
of this kind .
The question of interurban electric road extensions is
considered from the traffic view point in the traffic chapter but
it is a question which also has a strong bearing on the matter of
trade territory extension .
While there appears a certain element of unprogressiveness
in opposition to intereurban extensions to large nearby cities . yet
•
we fail to see where the benefits of such extensions can off set
the injury to the local mercantile trade .
The proposition of a trolley line to Bridgeport , for
example is certainly a progressive idea but such a line would without
doubt take away from Danbury many customers between here and
Bridgeport who now do much of their trading at the local stores.
It would also make it easier for the women shoppe rs of Danbury to get
to Bridgeport to do their shopping i n the larger stores of that city.
An extension of the trolley line or new interurban lines
in any direction from Danbury would be of benefit to Danbury
providing they did not reach some larger city than Danbury.
The merchants of New Britain can vouch for the truth of
these statements . As will be seen by the electric road map ,
accompany~
ing the traffic chapter , New Britain has trolley connection with
Hartford .
Here is what a New Britain merchant wrote to a
Danbu~
merchant about the result :
"We have had the trolley service between Hartford and
this city for a number of years , and at the present time have a
fifteen minute service in the middle of the day. This undoubtedly
takes a great many ladies to Hartford shopp ing ana it has become
a habit with many, even though ghey might do as well here.
For this reason we have no large department stores
here and the merchants do not carry the variety and assortment
of high priced goods which those in Hartford do . Tl
Toomuch shopping is being done by Danbury ladies in
Bridgeport now. There seems to be no gOOd reason for taking more
of the trade away from the local stores .
�•
~ 1-
~,- --.
-:-----\.J-
·
Z rr: I
�o
o
NROE
�)
~\J1 lYL
--- ..
_-
AN A'AN
, VALL
/ Ball
!YJt~
RIV~~R
!' ~.V.'lS' AC
ITl NG
AN-~~;;;;;;:~
-.-..----.....
--
\
��I
DISTANCE TABLE
Between Important Points in
~·.
TO
Ansonia
Bridgeport
Danbury ••
Hartford ••
!Eedll!len ••
Jl1ddletowD
New Britain
New HaYen.
New Londc,)D
N~rwlClh ••
-Putnam
Stamford ••
·.
Wa~rbu'7'
lfllllmaniU
I I Winsted
· ..
......
-
~
1=10
16
CI>
-;:
cp
~
~
i:I1
=•
~
' cp
~
cp
IZ4
IZ4
42
13
64
77
92
38
22
86
46
17
68
81
96
63
i6
59
M
89
90
103
la
82
18
16
9
10
63
46
18
18
75
32
82
57
43
35
89
45
46
66
68
15
28
80
42
28
68
59
66
67
23
41
29
61
64
79
46
39
80
54
90
108'
73
29
62
87
74
88
118
83
16
25
66
98
84
18
10
18
17
89
86
24
64
68
90
61
18
58
45
58
51
71
J03
i8
71
i6
114
b7
68
b5
59
66
64
92
III
96
8ft
22
82
7'5
57
63
67
17
67
SII
31
82
1l>
2ft
28
89
80
71
89
32
48
39
80
41
54
28
I
29
13
79
I
60
57
68
16
9
42
31
~
54
I
62
89
71
l>9
I
71
61
{.6
36
88
68
41
I
46
I:t
~
86
87
60
18
67
oS
3:III
18
24
42
18
17
CI>
QQ
68
.
~
~
- -
...a•
1:1
~
80
68
I
<>
IZ4
I:t
•EI
8
~
III
...
,.c
<)
87
41
85
62
~
~
~
!1::1
31
81
!
'5
~
i:I1
...
~
-... ..
1::1
49
49
46
<)
~
~
#iQ
....
... :::....
1::1
1::1
cp
t
in English Statute niles
30
30
80
--
cp
~
~
16
III
<>
I:t
-
,
.. --...•...
I:t
~
•I:t t ,gt' ...<>...
...<> ... 1::1 ...
•
~ #iQ & =
<)
Connecticut~
62
I
18
46
88
90
108
78
29
74
87
83
16
I
88
I
118
S8
55
25
92
93
84
I
58
I
68
29
92
29
67
67
1
�93
LOCAL DISTANCE TABLE
To make it easy to learn the distance to any near-by
point . five , ten , fifteen and twenty mile
r~dius
circles are shown
on the large. map of the Danbury Zone.
For quick reference however , the · following list of distances
is given :
•
To Bridgeport
30 Miles
39
IT
" New Haven
" Pitt sfield
89
"
If Brewsters
10
"
" Norwalk
22
"
" so . Norwalk
23
"
n Bethel
3
"
4
n
" Mill Plain
"Brookfield Junction
6
"
9
n
" :newtown station
" stamford
32
"
62
If
" New York (by auto)
" Torrington
49
"
32
n
" Litchfield
n Me minsville
25
"
15
n
" Pawling
n Brookfield
8
"
" woodbury
25
"
" Hawleyville
6
"
" Ansonia
30
"
" Rid gefield
9
"
8
n
" Redding
" Hudson River (at poughkeepsie) 47
"
" Hartford
63
"
" Meriden
46
"
59
If
" Midd letown
54
"
" 1Tew B1'i tain
If New London
90
"
If :DTorwich
103
"
ater'bury
31
"
179
"
" Boston
n providence
151
"
" New Fairfield
5
"
" New Milford
14
"
" sherman
8
"
10
If
" Branchville
" southbury
15
"
16
"
" Roxbury
20
"
" WOodbury
23
If
It Dove r Furnac e
n Patterson
12
"
27
"
" Dover PlaIns
10
"
" Salem Center
"
T
�P ODUCT
T OF DANUFACTURE
utomobile Repairing
D. " . Flint
Ideal Garage
Green Automobile Co.,
Tappam Garage
G. A. LeWis
Pyramid Garage
Fred '. Taylor
Danbury Garage
Fillow Auto Co.,
Bethel Garage
•
Bakeries (continued)
J. J. Johnson
De Klyn Bakery
J. Demonde
F. Denise & Bro.
Saro Oorante
Dayton & Hunzeker (Bethel)
Blowers (Fur)
New Machine Co.,
Turner Machine Co.,
Awnings
Balls (steel :for bear mgs)
Elbridge Gerry Co.,
P. Durkin
Ball & .011er Bearing Co.,
Auto
Butter
ccessories
Russell E1ectrio Co.,
gasoline saver
Danbury Creamery Co-,
Ball Thrust Bearings
utomobi1e
Bainti~
uto & ign Painters
Alcohol ( ecoyery
orks)
Solvents Recovery Co.,
Brazing
Danbury ,le1ding Co.,
Blinds
• • Sunderland
Foster Bros.
Blank Books
Danbury Book Bindery
Book Binders
Danbury Book Bindery
Bakeries
Ball & Roller Bearing Co.)
Be§ri~s(ba11tro11er thrust,
& journal)
Ball & oller Bearing Co.,
Blacksmiths
m. Olmsted
H. Tine & Son
Vm. Moore
~.C. Peffers & Co.,
,{. L. H.all t
R. G. Bates
Brush Brim Pouncers
l~ew
Machine Co.,
Broilers (electric)
National Electric utilities Corp.
Band.s for Hats
Tweedy Silk Mills
Imperial Silk ~ork~
Braids·for Hats
Vienna Bakery
Union Ba.kery
Lena. l'erl
rnsts Bakery
Tweedy Silk Mills
Imperial Silk ~ orks
�95
Broad
ilk
Cemetery
ork
Berfedden Silk Mills ( ethel )
Hughe s & Chap man
Schlitte & Co _,
Bottling ·orks
Castings
Jean Horning
T.\ . Bartley, Est.
H. Dick
Me fhe1emr Estat
Bartley & Clancy
J . F . Nichols , state.
Turner Machine Co .,
Confeotionery
Za'pherson- Bros.
De Klyn Bakery
Bo ilers
anbury i'lelding Co . ( special)
Cop Tubes (for thread )
Beaver Brook Paper Mill
Bo ring lA:a.chine s
Turner Machine Co .,
Clipping Machine for Velour
130 esoh Mfg. Co .
t
. Boxes ( ood )
Conveyors (
ir )
Isaac rmstrong &, Co .,
Clark Box Co . t
Rine Box & Printing Co .,
Thos . Scofield
Frank Kerniok & Co .,
Building Material
Carriage Repairing
• • Sunderland
Foster Bros.
m. Olmsted
Danbury Carriage Co. ,
_ . J. Vau hn
H. Tine & on
¥m. Moore
, • C. Peffers & Co. ,
• L. Hall,
• G. Bates
Brushing 1mchines (Hat )
f urner Machine Co. ,
Brushes (Hatters)
• Durkin
Corset Laoes
\ arner Bros. Co .,
Boxes (paper )
, e e "paper boxes"
Chopp ers (fur)
Blocks ( for hats)
New Machine CO e,
Turne r Mac hine Co,. ,
C. F. Yochum
Turner Machine Co. ,
Cutting Machines (fur)
Brass
New Machine Co . t
Turner :Machine Co.
~
orks
Danbury Brass lorks
Brim Pouncing Machine
•
t
Cards(for hats )
Doran Bros .
Tweedy Silk 11ills
Imperial Silk -ills
Creameries
Chucking 14 chines
Danbury Creamery Co .,
Turner Machine CO e,
Chemic 1 '{orks
Kerr Chemical CO e,
Vass Chemioal Co
Solvents Recovery CO e,
�c;1.
•
Crushed
tone
Drying Ralks (for hats)
t earns Lime Co .,
I.
Cigars
H. Sir ine ·
Dies
imon
J. C. Costello
:M. Simon
Gem Cigar Co .,
J. Schieffell & Son
C- • Hofman
T. • Neff
• H. Norris
Fountain Ci ar Co •• (Bethel )
Boesch Mfg. Co. t
Turner Uachine Co .,
Doors
• °11 . Sunderland
Foster Bros • .
Dusters (skin)
Carpets (rag)
New Mach ine Co • •
Jeurner Machine Co .
Danbury Rug lorks
t
Dag Tearing Machine
Corsets
New Machine Co .,
darner Bros. Co. ,
Cartons
Oones (hatters)
Isaac Armstrong & Co .,
Danbury Square Box Col
' Clark Box Co. ,
F • • Bull &
on
Danbury Rardware Co .,
Desk Sets (silver)
Cravenette Hats
•
Rogers Silver Plate Works.
• Mallory & ons
Electrical
Chandeliers (silver)
quipment
Rogers Silver Plate ' orks
Russell lectric Co .,
National ulectric utilities Corp .
Clock Trimmings
Electric Light
ogers
lIver Plate .orks
ogers
1xtures
ilver Plate
orks.
Clasps ( steel)
Geo . - Kinnee r
-:- arner Bros. Co._,
Cooking
ppliances
ight
·Danbury & Betgel ,R at & ower Co. ,
anbury & ethel street ailway Co .
Nat Tl . lectric utilities
Corporation.
Canning &
, reserving
J . Gerstenmeier (sauer kraut )
Dairy
roducts
j
\
Electric Heating & Cohking
ppliances
National Electric utilities Corp.
hipping Cases
anbury
quare Box Co .,
anbl.lxy Creamery Co. , (butter & sterelized milk & cream)
Charles .Rider
Ice cream
Tomaino Bros.
Ice cream
Zapherson Bro s .
Ice
~hi ping Cases (continued )
Dyeing
Box C . ,
menron & Co. t
roy Laundry Co. ,
rinting Co . t
96
�97
urs
•
D. Susnitzky (hat)
.Young ons & Co. ,
( cleaning & separating).
eok Fur Co. ·.
erioan Hatters & 'urriers Co.
sher P pish
Mutu 1 Fur Cutting Co. ,
m. Beokerle
ertilizer
Griddles (electric)
~ational
Gasoline
lectric utilities Corp.
aver
Russell Electric Co .
Garage Turn ,ables
'tearns lUme Co.
urner ' chine Co _,
lur Machinery
Garage Machine
Ne I'"a chine Co ••
'or loch ! achine ~~ orks.
.. Flint
Ideal Garage
Green utomobile Co. ,
Tappam Garage
G. A. Lewis
yramid Garage
red • aylor
Danbury Garage
Fillow uto Co. t
Bethel Garage
oundry
Turner Machine Co. ,
'inishing Machine (hats )
oran Bros.
urner Machine Co. ,
11 nges (hat )
c.
D.
Hat Blocks
• • Yochum
urner Machine Co. ,
. Yochum
Formers (hat)
Hat
New . achine Co. ,
Turner Machine Co. ,
D. Dioker & Son
eeds
• F. Sir ine
ires
Fee d.er (snip)
achine Co. t
urner Machine Co.,
~rew
Fire Alarm
~hops
ignals
Russell Electric Co.
Finishing Hats
& Loper Co. t
- • Tweed.y & Co. ,
hort at Co. ,
• J. Horch
i Ii
Geo • • Kinneer
Geo. B. herman
Hat Bands
weedy Silk Mills
Imperial Silk ' orks
Hat Braids
eedy ilk Mills
Imperial ilk lorks
Hat Cords
. 1:turniture
(rustic)
Jos eph Voghi (Bethel)
Tweedy Silk Mills
Imperial ilk forks
Jfwnmers(electric}
a.ns
•
• Hull
&
on
Grinders (fur)
ew Machine Co. ,
urner iTachine Co. ,
ussell _Electric Co. ,
Crist 11ills
H. • eaker
Morrison & unham ( ethel)
Glue
onnecticut Glue Co. ,
�98
Ground
•
H. :3l .
eed
eeker
Gars
Boesch Mfg . Co .,
i urner
chine CO t.
Hat Boxes
anbury Square Box CO t,
Isaao Armstrong & Co .,
Clark Box Co .,
Hine Box & Printihg Co .,
upporters
, arner Bros . Co e t
·Hat
aOhinery
orloch Machine orks
\ m. Backus
Doran Bros .
Danbury .eld i ng CO e,
ew lachine Company
urne r l:ach ine Co .,
Hat
cks (Hatters )
, . F . Sirine
House Tr im
oster Bros.
• " • unde rland
Hat Oones
• Hull & on.
Danbury Hardware Co _,
F.
at Kettles
• Barnum
Hat Tubs
• H. Barnum
Hat Flanges
O.
•
Yoc
anges & Bro i lers
Hats (continued)
weedy & Co ., inishers only
soft and stiff
• I.
/heeler ,Finishers , only so it & stiff
H. Uc Lachlan - & Co . t Unfinished soft hats
Columbia Hat Co. , Unfinished soft hats
,.A. &: J . C.Beltare Co"
inished
soft h tS ( KnOx )
George llc LaChlaa~ ,Unfini shed soft hats
Diamond at Co ., inished soft hats
Hoyt-Messenger Corp . Unfinish ed soft
and stiff hats
E. • Mallory &: Sons ~ ihished sqft and
stiff hats
D. E. Loewe & Co., Finished soft hnts
and cravenette hats .
Cuff Hat Co .. inished stiff hnts and
unfinished eoft hats
~hort Hat Co .,Finishers t only soft & stiff
Von Gal Hat Co ., inishe d soft & stiff
N. Barchi Co ., ·inished soft &: stiff
New England Hat Co,, Finished soft & stiff
C. M. Horch
Finished soft & stiff
Delohery Hat Co ., Finished soft hats
J ohn • Green & Sons , i n i shed soft
and stiff hats .
The Bates Company. inished soft hats
Murphy~orman Co .,
inished soft and
stiff h ats
.A. G. Hat Co ., Rough soft & stiff hats
The Danbury Co . t Finished soft &: stiff"
Simon & Keane, Rough soft hats
] eeker Bros . & Co. ,Finished soft hats
F . H. Lee Co ., inished soft & stiff h~ts
C. J . Horch; Finishers (only ) stiff hats
Herman alther ; Unfinis hed soft hats
and straw hats
Bethel Mfg. Ca e, Unfinished soft h ts
Eaird-Nutredt Co .,( Bethel) inished
soft hats ( complete )
Bethel Hat Forming Co ., Rat Bodies
Hai tch &: Co ., (Bethel )
Hat Bodies
A. P. Hayward (Bethel )
Hat Bodies
. D.
Hot
ir Conveyors
hos t
cofield
Heating
pparatus
Thos . Scofield
rank Remick & Co .,
Household
lectric
ovelties
ussell lectric Co .,
ational Electric Utilities Ooxp .
Heating ppl ianc es
Harnes s
National Electric utilities . Corporation
' . C. Peffers
Ha.rness Maki ng & epa.iri!!€;
H ts
I. o. Paffers
helton Davenport , Finished tiff hats
Daniels & rimpet 00 ., Unfinished soft and stiff hats
ill & Loper Co .,
inishers & trimmers , only soft and stiff
�99
Industries allied to Hat Industry
•
D. ~llf3nitzlr~, furs , and skins , blown and cleaned
Danbury quare Box Co . t Pap er Boxes and packing cases
D. Decker & on , Sweat Bands and reeds
Morlock I~!hine forks , Hatters machinery
P. Young Sons & Co . , Cleaning and separating furs
Wm . Backus , ~ewing machine attachment
R~11 & Loper Co ., Finishers and trimmers
F . D. Tweedy & Co. , Finishers
Danbury elding Co ., Steel Tanks and renovating boilers
Doran Bros ., Machinery
Isaac Armstrong & Co ., rood & fibre packing cases , also
leather, printing and stitching.
Tweedy 'ilk MillS , Hat bands , braids and cords
George A. Kinner , Hat wires , steel clasps
Imperial Silk ' arks , Hat bands , braids and cords.
Clark Box Co ., ood , fibre and paper cases and boxes .
/, F . ivine . Hat racks .
C.F . Yochum, Hat Blocks
Peck Fur Co .. , Furs.
American Hatters & Furriers Co ., Furs .
New Machine Co ., Hat Machinery and blocks
• H. Barnum , Tubs and kettles
sher Pap ish , ~~rs .
F. A. Hull & Son , Hatters combs
Mutual Fur Cutting Co ., Furs .
Danbury Hardware Co. , Hatters Combs
Hine Box & Printing Co. , Paper boxes . cases and, stays
p. Durkin, Hatiers brushes
Elbridge Gerry , Cloth for hatters .
Ice Cream & Ices
Charles Rider
Tomaino Bros.
Zapheson Bros .
De Xlyn Bakery
Ink
ells (silver )
Rogers Silver Plate Works .
Ironing Machine (hat )
Doran Bros ..
Turner Machine Co .,
Journal Roller Bearings
Ball & Roller Bearing Co .,
Kettles Chatters )
• H. Barnum
Laundries
Troy Laundry Co .,
:Th it e st ar Latmdry
Excelsior Laundry
Target & Siemon Co .,
Lime stone ( ground )
_
tearns Lime Co ••
Lime
stearns Lime Co. ,
�100
Leather
•
;, . C. Peffers
G.
• Shepard Sons & Co . , Bethel )
L~ather
printing & stitching
Isaac rmstrong & Co .,
Clark Box Co.,
ces (for corsets)
~
srner Bros . Co .,
H tters J.fu.chinery
Tur ner Ma chine Co .,
Velour clipping machine
ewing machine attachment
Hatters machinery
Hatters & fur machinery
Hat machinery and tools
Doran 'Bros .
.
Iwntel Ornaments
ogers
ilver
late
Mirror Frames (silver )
Lathes (turret )
ogers Silver Plate
Turner Machine Co .,
ixers (fur)
Lathes ( Hat)
New Ha.ch ine Co. ,
Doran Bros.
Monuments
Hughes & Chapman
Schlitter & Co .,
Macaroni
G. Pastore & Co .,
:Mac inery
Morlock Machine 'Yorks
Boesch Mfg. Co.,
m. Backus
Doran Bros .
Uew Machine Co .,
Turner Machine Co. ,
Milling (grain)
H. E..
Me ~ ker.
Kattresses
H. Londa
Medicines
Kerr Chemical Co.,
Vass Chemical Co .,
Mineral Yaters
Bartley & Clancy
Jean Rornig
T. I. Bartley , Pst .
R. Dick
Mc Phelem~ Estate ~
J . }i'. Nichols E.state- Bethel
Uachine Tools
Turner IJachine Co. ,
orks
orks
ew Mach ine Co. ,
Turner achine Co. ,
arine Whistles
useell
lTa.chine
lectric Co .,
hops
!orlock Machine ~ orks.
Boesch Mig .Co.,
;' m. Backus
Doran Bros .
Danbury Brass .. orks
Hew ,achine Co'"
~urner Machine Co. ,
•• W. underland
Foster Bros.
etal Novelties
ogers
ilver
late Co .,
lfovelties
ussell Electric Co .,
ogers Silver Plate Co.,
Office
~pliances
ussell Electric Co. ,
Paper
tock
anbury Square Box Co. ,
sper Products
Danbury Squa.re Box Co.,
Isaac Armstrong & 0. ,
Clark Box Co. t
anbury Boxx Bindery
Hine Box & rinting Co. ,
John Reed (Bethel)
Pa.per (Mirs )
Beaver Brook Paper Mill.
�101
aper Mill \ ire Cloth
Pl at ed
Danbury Rug Co .,
Rogers Silver Plate Co .;
lumbers , steam & Gas Fi ttors
Pap er Boxes
Norman & Ellingvlood
i . C. Taylor
• H.
Evoy
• H. Hodsh on
J . R. Bla.ckburn
H. C. Ga Nung
H. L. outhouse
F. A. Hull & on
Gallagher Bros .
Danbury Plumbing Co ••
Danbury Hardware Co .,
uane & Culhane
C•• 100re (Bethel )
• T. 'lright (Bethel )
Danbury Square Box Co .,
I saac Armstrong & Co .,
Clark Box Co . t
Hine Box & rinting Co .,
I arner Bros . Co ••
J ohn eid (Bethel )
Pads (wr iting )
Danbury Book Bindery
Presses (hat printing)
New
\ ~ar e
aohine Co .;
ickl es
Propnetary Medicines
J. Gerstenmeier
·err Chemical Co ••
Vass Chemical Co .,
Paint Shops
Poultry ]lood
uto & ign Painters.
,orrison Dunham (Bethel)
H.
• Heeker
. eeds (for hats )
t
D.
Decker
&
on
ag Carpets & ugs
Danbury Rug ' orks
. 11gS
Pans (for glue making)
F.
. Hull
&
on
Danbury Ru
I.
ouncer ( rown )
New 1 achine Co .,
·Doran Bros .
Turner Machine Co .,
late Warmers (electrio)
•
orks
. ooks (hatters drying)
rinting & ublish ing
S. E. Vhi ttaker
Danbury Printing Co.,
Ge o. F. Allen
Danbury News
•• Hamil ton
F. S. Ol msted
Prompt PrinteryClark Box Co .,
Hines Box Printing Co. ,
• C. Gehrels (Bethel )
(rag )
F.
i
tine
. oller Thrust Bearings
Ball & oller Be ring Co .,
evolving Floor s
Turner Machine Co .,
. . anges (el eotrie )
ational Electric
uti~ities
Rounders (hat )
Ne\'V Machine Co .,
Doran Bros .
Turner Machine Co .,
eumatic Remedy.
National Electric utilities Corp •
Vass Chemical Co .,
olice Signals ( electric)
usseell Electric Co .,
enova ting Boilers
anbury ,1elding Co .
t
Corp .
�102
Renovating Boiler (hats)
ash
Danbury Weld,ing Co. ,
.i.
• V. Sunderland
Foster Bros •
ustio Furniture ,
Joseph Vaghi (Bethel)
Shea.re~SJ
New Maohine Co"
Doran Bros.
Turner Maohine Co ••
uer Kraut
J. Gerstenmeier
straps for
weat Bands (for hats)
D. Decker & Son
Isaao ArmstrQ;ng & Co.,?
A. F. Hayward ( ethel)
Clark Box Co ••
crew Making Machine
urner Machine Col ·
tone Cutting
Hughes & Chapman
Schlitter & Co. ,
traw Hats
Herman i1al ther
'nip Feed.§!T
ew .Iachine Co.,
(hat)
atters (card)
Hine Box & Printing Co. ,
tiff Hats
• Shelton Davenport
Daniels & rimpet
Cuff Hat Co. ,
~/ . M. Wheeler ,
HOFt Messenger Co .,
• • Mallory & ons
Btll & Loper Co_,
• D. Tweedy & Co. ,
"'hort Hat co. ,
Von Gal Hat Co. ,
~. B rehi Co . t
ew
gland Rat Co. ,
C.M. Horch
John ,'l. Green & Sons
Murphy Gorman Co.,
The Dan burY' Co. ,
F. H. Lee Co. ,
C. J. Horch.
pools ( paper)
Beaver Brook Paper 1ill
'kins
•
D. Susnit!ik1
P. Young ons & Co.,
tone Products
Auto & Sign Painters
Shipping Cases
Isa c rmstrong & Co.,
Cl rk Box Co .,
Uine Box & Printing Co. ,
Danbury quare Box Co. ,
tock Feed
H. E. reeker
orr ison & Dunham
ilk
~tlQl
Skin Brushing 1mchina
ew Machine Co .,
dtearns Lime Co .,
Hughes & Chapman
Sohlitter & Co.,
ign Painting
•
, ht bands , braids
and cords
Imper i al ilk iiorks , n
tt
"
Berfelden ilk Mills, (Bethel)
weedy
uspender Buckles
~
arner Bros. Co ••
eat Metal r{orlrs
hose Scofield
rank Kernich & Col
Danbury '. velding Co ,
Norman & Ellingwood
\ .D. Taylor .
H. Mc Evoy
• H. Hodshon
J. R. ~la,ckburn
'. C. Ga ~Tung
H. L. OuthOUSe
F. • Hull & on
Gallagher Bros .
Danbury Plumnbing Co. ~
Danbury Hardware Co.,
�103
Sheet llIetal \ orks ( continued )
Tin Smi ths (oontinued )
Duane & Culhane
C. T. Moore f Bethel)
. T. ;right ( ethel)
C. T. Moore (Bethel)
" • T. (right (Bethel)
ignals (eleotric )
uss ell Electric Co. ,
Silver ware
C. I .
obinson & Co_ ,
ire Machinery
oesch Mfg. Co .,
ogers Sil ver
late Co . ,
Steel Cl asps
Tearing Machines (hat )
urner Machine Co . ,
Geo . A. Kinneer
Stoves (electric )
National I·lectric utiliti es Corp .
Sizers (hat )
Trays (silver )
ogers Silver Plate
mokingSets (silver )
ogers Silver Plate "'l arks
orks
Toasters (electric )
ational
:lew Machine Co . ,
Turner Machine Co _,
lectrio utilities Corp .
Tents
. lbridge Gerry Co . ,
• Durkin
.
Tools
Tr aveling Leather Bags
Leather Lining for Traveling Bags .
G. . . . Shep ard Sons & Co . ,
Boesch Mfg . Co . ,
Turner Machine Co - •
Tanks
Thre d
•
Thread (ootton )
Tube~s
( aper )
Danbury Ilelding Co . ,
Beaver Brook Paper lUll
T.u bs (ha tt ers )
Turntables
i!.;;.
(garage )
Turner Machine Co . ,
Turret Lathes
Turner Machine Co . ,
Tip Machine s
\' illiam Backus
Tin smiths
orman T. llingwood
. C. Taylor
• H. Mc Evoy
~ . H., Hodshon
J . _ Blantonn
H. C. Ga Nung
H. L. outhouse
F • • Hull & on
Gallaghe:tr Bros.
Danbury Plumb i ng CO . t
Danbury Hardware Co _,
Duane & Cul hane
H. Barnum
Hats (soft )
!Urphy-Gorman Co . ,
• G. Hat Co . ,
The Danbury Co -,
eeker Bros . & Co .,
F . H. Le e Co . ,
The Bates Company
John ,y . Green &: Sons
Delohery Hat Co . ,
Daniels & Trimpet Co.
•• M. ri heeler
H. Mc Lachlan & Co ••
Co~umbia Hat Co . ,
M.
& J. C. Bettavie
George Mo Lachlan
. Di amond . Hat Co ...
Hoyt- Messenger Co . ,
E. • Mallory & ons
D. ... Loewe
Cuff Hat Co . t
Hell & Loper Co .,
F . D. TWeedy & Co .,
ort Hat Co. ,
Von Gal .Hat Co . t
S.
t
�104
•
Hats ' oft ) continued
lliistles
N. Barohi Co .,
New England Hat Co .,
C. U. Horch
Herman ql ther
Russell Electric Co .,
Underwear
Wire Goods
Geo .
• Kinner . hat wi res.
,vires for hats
Danbury Mfg. Co . ,
Umbr ella (fixtures)
Geo . A. Kenner
Geo . B. Sherman.
Danbury Brass
Waterpro of Hats
orks
Unfinished Hats
llory & Sons.
Daniels & Trimp et Co . t
H. C. Mc Lachlan & Co .,
Columbia Hat Co .,
George Mc Lachlan
Hoyt - Lessenger Co .,
Cuff Hat Co .,
Ventilat ors
Frank Kerniok & Co. ,
Vertical Turret Lathes
Turner Machine Co .,
elding
m. Backus
Danbury elding Co .,
\ agones & Carriages
•
\ m. Olmstead (r epairing)
anbury Carriage Co .,
R.. J . Vaughn
H. Tine & Son
,r m. Moore
~ . C. Paffers & Co. ,
. • L. Hall
R. G. Bates
. aapping Paper
Be ver Brook Paper Mills
v. v.
Sunderland - House trim , doors , sash ; et c.
Foster Bros .
""
»
E . H. Barnum
tubs and kettles
Joseph Vaghi (Bethel )
' ire Cloth
Danbury Rug Co .. ,
.rashers (for bearings )
~
Ball ' & Roller Bearing Co .,
Whi zzers (hat)
New machine Co .,
Turner Machine Co .,
�10 )
r- -~------~--------------------
105
___________________________
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
WASHINGTON
MANUFACTURES IN DANBURY, CONN.
CENSUS BUREAU'S SUMMARY CONCERNING THE CITY FOR 1914.
WASHINGTON,
D. C.,
Febru.ary -,
1916.-A preliminary statement of the
general results of the census of manufactures for Danbury, Conn., has been issued
by Director Sam. L. Rogers, of the Bureau
of the Census, Department of Commerce.
It consists of a summary comparing ' the .
figures for 1909 and 1914, by totals, prepared under the direction of Mr. William
M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufactures.
The figures are preliminary and subject
to such change and correction as may be
found necessary from a further examination of the original reports .
The census of 1914, like that of 1909,
with reference to manufactures, excluded
the hand trades, the building trades, and
the neighborhood industries, and took
account only of establishments conducted
uilder the factory system. In the last
census, also, as in that for 1909, stati.stics
were not collected for establishments having products for the census year valued
at less than $500 except_th~£)rts were
taken for establishments idle during a
portion of the census year, or which began
operation during that year, and whose
products for such reason were valued at
less than $500.
The word "establishment" as used in
the census reports may mean more than
one mill or plant, provided they are owned
or controlled and operated by a single individual, partnerfhip, corporation, or
other owner or operator, and are located in
the same town or ci. ty.
The reports were taken for the calendar
year ending December 31,1914, wherever
the system of bookkeeping permitted figures for that period to be secured, but
when the fiscal year of an establiEhment
differed from the calendar year a report
was obtained for the operations of that
establishment for its fi8cal year falling
m03t largely within the calendar year
1914.
SUMMARY OF THE STATISTICS.
The popUlation of Danbury at the cenof UllO was 20,234, and it is estimated
that it was 22,000 on July 1, 1914.
BUS
The statistics represent the establishments located withm the corporate limits
of the city.
The summary for manufactures shows
an increase at the census of 1\)14, as compared with that for 1909, except in number
of establishments, proprietors and firm
members, salaried employees, and capital.
These decreases are due to a falling off in
the hat industry.
In the order of their importance, from a
percentage standpoint, the increases for
several items rank as follows: Primary
horsepower, 20.1 per cent; materials, 18 .'9
per cent; salaries, 17.7 per cent; wage
earners, 10 per cent; wages, 3.7 per cent;
value of products, 2.6 per cent.
CAPITAL INVESTED.
The capital in vested as reported in
1914, was $7,689,000. In this connec·
tion it should be st,ated that the inquiry
contained in the census schedule calls
for the total amount of capital, both
owned and borrowed, in-vested in the
busi.ness, but excludes the value of
rented property, plant, or' equipment
which was employed in the conduct of
manufacturing enterprises. In the final
bulletins and reports the rental paid for
such property will be shown separately.
VALUE OF PRODUCTS .
The value of products was $10,582,000
in 1914 and $10,318, 000 in 1909, the increase being $264, 000, or 2.6 per cent.
Th e average per establishment was approximately $85,000 in 1914 and $79,000
in 1909.
The value of products represents their
selling value or price at the plants as
actually turned out by the factories during -the census year ~nd does not necessarily have any relatlOn to the amount of
sales for that year. The values under
this head also include amounts received
for work done on materials furnished by.
others.
SALARIES AND WAGES.
The salaries and wages amounted to
$3,542,000 in 1914 and to $3,350,000 in
1909, the increase being $192,000, or 5.7
per cent.
The number of salaried employees was
541 in 1914, as compared with 5G7 in 1909 .
Th.g av era~ number of wage e~uners
was 5,290 in1 914 and 4,810 in ] 909, the
increase being 480, or 10 per cent.
SUMMARY FOR THE CITY.
A comparative summary for the city
for 1909 and 1914 follows:
COST OF MATERIALS.
The cost of materials used was $5,801,000 in 1914, as against. $4,879,000 in 1909,
an increase of $922,000, or 18.9 per cent.
The average cost of materials per estab·
lishment was approximately $47,000 in
1914 and $37,000 in 1909. In addition
to the component materials which enter
into the products of the estahlishment for
the census year there are included the cost
of fuel, Illill supplies, and rent of power
and heat. The cost of mat ~rials, however, dees J10t include unused materials
and supplies bought either for speculation
or for use during a subsequent period .
The census inquiry does not include
amounts paid for miscellaneous expenses,
• such as rent of offices, royalties, insurance,
ordinary repairs, advertising, traveling
expenses, or allowance for depreciation:
Census-
1914
1909
----Number of establishments .. ______ .. __ . .
124
131
Persons engaged in
manufactures .. ___
5,933
5,499
Proprietors and
firm members ___ .
102
122
Salaried employees.
541
567
Wage earners (avcrag~ number) .•..
5,290
4,810
Primary horsepower ..
6,796
5,660
CapitaL __.. ___ . _... _. $7,689,000$7,786, 000
Services __ . __ . ___ .._... 3,542,000 3,350,000
Salaries __ ... .. . ....
579,000
492,000
Wages .. _. _. _._ . . .. . 2,963.000 2, 85R. OJO
Material~. _____ . _.... _ 5, ~01,000 4, F79. 000
Value of products ..•.. 10,582,00) 10,318,000
1
Per
cent of
increase,
19091914.1
- -
5.3
7.9
-16.4
- 4.6
10.0
20.1
- 1.2
5.7
17.7
3.7
18.9
2.6
A minus.sign (-) denotes decrease.
28284-16
WJ,SHING:J:ON: GOVIliRNMIliNT PRINTING OFFICII: 1915
�jO
06
MANUFACTURES IN CONNECTICUT.
CENSUS BUREAU'S SUMMARY CONCERNING THE STATE FOR 1914.
The sUJJ1illary for manufactures shows
WASHING'I'ON, D. G., -May -, 1916.- A
a consistent increase at the census of 1914,
preliminary statement of the general reas compared with that for 1909. In the
sults of the census of manufactures for the
order of their importance, from a percentstate of Connecticut has been issued by
age standpoint, the increases for the sevDirector Sam. L. Rogers, of the Bureau
eral items rank as follows: Salaries, 38.5
of the Census, Dep:utment of Commerce.
per cent; salaried employees, 28 per cent;
It consists of a summary (\()mp:uing the
capital, J 9.8 per cent; wages, 13.7 per
figures for 1909 and 1914, by totals, precent; primary horsepower, 13.4 per cent;
p:u-ed under the direction of Mr. William
materials, 12.1 per cent; products, 11.2 per
M. Steuart, chief statistician for manufaccent; value added by manufacture, 10.2
'
tures.
per cent; and wage earners, 7.3 per cent.
The figures are preliminary and subject
to such change and correction as may be
CAPITAL INVESTED.
found necessary from a further examination of the original reports.
The census of 1914, like that of 1909,
The capital Invested, as reported in
with reference to manufactures, excluded
1914, was $620,194,000, a gain of $102,the hand trades, the building trades, and
647,000, or 19.8 per cent, over $517, 547,the neighborhood industries, and took
000 in J909. The average capital per esaccount only of establishments conducted
tablishment was approXllllately $151,000
under the factory system. In the last
in 1914 and $122,000 in ]909. In this
census, also, as in that for 1909, statistics
connection it should be stated that the
were not collected for establishments havinquiry contained in the census schedule
in,," products for the census year valued
calls for the total amount of capital, both
owned and bOlTowed, invested in the
at less than $500, except that reports were
business, but excludes the value of
taken for establishments idle during a
rented property, plant, or equipment
portion of the census year, or which begau
which was employed in the conduct of
oper.ation during that yem:, an w.hoac" - - -."nrrra'uufactl.lring enterprises. In the final
products for such reason were valued at
less than $500.
bulletins and reports the rental paid foJ'
'fhe word "establishment" as used in
such property will be shown separately.
the census reports may mean more than
COST OF MATERIALS.
one mill or plant, provided they are
owned or controlled and operated by a
The cost materials used was $288,454,single individual, partnership, corpora000 in 1914, as against $257,259,000 in
tion, or other owner or operator, and are
1909, an increase of $31,195,000, or 12.1
located in the same town or city.
per cent. The average cost of materials
The reports were taken for the calendar
per establishment was approximately
year ending December 31,1914, wherever
$70,000 in ]9]4, and $61,000 in ]909.
the system of bookkeeping p ermitted
In addition to the component mat()rials
figures for that p eriod to be secured, but
which enter into the products of the eswhen the fiscal year of an establishment
tablishment for the census year there are
differed from the calendar year a report
included the cost of fuel, mill supplies,
was obtained for the operations of that
and rent of power and heat. The cost of
establishment for its fiscal year falling
materials, however, does not include unmost largely within the calend!lr year
used materials and supplies bought either
1914.
for speculation or for use during a subsequent period.
PERCENTAGES OF INCREASE.
The census inquiry does not include
amounts paid for miscellaneous expenses,
The popUlation of Connecticut at the
such as rent of offices, royalties, insurcensus of 1910 was 1,114,756, and it is estiance, ordinary repairs, advertising,
mated that it was 1,203,000 on July 1,1914.
traveling expenses, or allowance for
The summary shows an increase at the
depreciation.
census of 1914 as compared with that for
1909 with the exception of number of
VALUE OF PRODUCTS.
establishments and proprietors and firm
members, which show decreases. The
The
value
of products was $545,249, 000
decreases are due primarily to the fact
in 1914, and $490,272,000 in 1909, the inthat at the census of 1909 a large number
crease being $54,977,000, or 11.2 per cent.
of reports were received from smalllumThe average per establishment in 1914
bel' and flour and grist mills. Mills enwas approximately $133,000, and in 1909
gaged exclusively in custom sawing and
Sll5,000.
custom grinding for consumption in the
The value of products represents their
immediate neighborhood should not be
selling value or price at the plants as
included in the census, but it is not
actually turned out by the factories duralways possible to conduct the enumeraing the census year and does not necestion in regard to these establishments on
sarily have any relation to the amount of
uniform lines at different censuses. In '
sales for that year. The values under
1914 as coml;>ared with 1909 there was also
this head also include amounts received
a decrease III the number of establishfor work done on materials furniRhed by
ments enga~ed in the manufacture of
others. _
patent medIcines and compounds, but
there was an increase in the value of
VALUE ADDED BY MANUFACTURE.
products for this industry.
The decreases under the conditions are
The value added by manufacture repno indication of a decrease in the manresents the difference between the cost of
ufacturing activities of the state.
mate;ials used and the value of the prod-
ucts manufactured from them. The
value added by manufactlll'e was $256,
795,000 in 19]4, and $233,013,000 in 1909 ,
the increase being $23.782,000, or 10.2
per cent. The value added by manufacture in 1914 formed 47. L per cent of the
total value of products, and 47.5 pu cent
in 1909.
SALARIES AND WAGES .
The salaries and wages amounted to
$160,730,000 in 1914, and to $135,756,000
in 1909, the increase being $24,974,000, 0)'
18.4 per cent.
The number of salaried employees was
25,111 in 1914, as compared with 19,611
in 1909 , making an increase of 5,500, or 28
per cent.
The average number of wage earners
was 226,264 in 1914, and 210,792 in 1909,
the increase being 15,472, or 7.3 per cent.
The maximum number of wage earners
(233, 071 ) for ]914 were employed during
the month of March, while the maximum
number (225,862) for 1909 were employed
during December. The minimum number of wage earners (219,786) reported for
1914 were employed during the month of
.A:ugus ·,
til: minimum number (199,325) for 1909 were employed during the
month of February.
SUMMARY FQR THE
STA~'E.
A comparative summary for the state
for 1909 and 1914 follows:
I Pel'
Census-
-----,----li
1914
1909
;rg;-
crease,
19091914. l
Number of establishments .......
Persons engaged
in Inanufac·
4,106
4,251
-3.4
tures ........ .
254,498
233,871
8.8
3, 123
3,468
-9.9
25,111
19,611
28.0
210,792
7.3
228,041
230,537
233,071
232,157
231,438
228,255
223,928
219,786
201,545
199,325
202,523
203,599
205,198
208,732
206,295
211,295
...... .
..... ..
.. .. .. .
..... ..
..... ..
...... .
..... ..
..... ..
220,395
221,544
218,637 ......
222,052
..... ...
224,439 ...... .
225,862 ...... .
Proprietors and
firm
members ... ...... .
Salaried
employees .......
\Vage earners
(average
nUlnber ~mployed durIngyear) .... ..
Wage earners,
by month:
Jan...........
Feb..........
Mar.. .. . .. .. .
Apr. . ........
May..........
June..........
July..........
Aug... .......
~~~~:::: ::::::
Nov. ...... ...
Dec.. . .... .. .
Primary horsepower..........
Capital. ..........
Services . ....... ..
Salaries..... ....
Wall'es ..........
Matenals .........
Value of.products.
Value added by
manufac t ur e
(value of products less cost of
materials)......
l
~~',~~
453,812
400,275
$620,194,000 $517, 547, 000
100,730,000 135,756,000
3'5,511,000 25,6.37,000
125,219,000 110, 119,000
288,454,000 257,259,000
545,249,000 490,272,000
13.4
19.8
18.4
38.5
13.7
12.1
11.2
256, 795,000 233,013,000
10.2
-
A minus sign ( -) denotes decrease.
39497-16
WASHINGTON: GOVElRNMENT PRINTING
•
OFFICIIl: 1916
�107
MANUFACTURING EFFICIENCY OF DANBURY
s a guide to industrial development effort,to prevent waste
of time and to assure the shortest road to accomplishment , careful
study should be made of the relative efficiency of Danbury as
a location for the manufacturing of different lines of products .
There are certain lines of manufacture which , for one reason
or another , could not be undertaken in Danbury as profitably as
in some other location , and these should be eliminated entirely
from consideration.
In the United States there are some 275 , 000 corporations or
firms manufacturing or producing some 75 , 000 different kinds or
varieties of product.
•
It is no small matter to ascertain the relative efficiency
of Danbury as to the manufacture of such a large variety of
articles , and this can be accomplished to an extent by considering general groupings and classifications •
The efficiency of any city as a manufacturing point can be
estimated only through knowledge of the six elements that play
the most important part in figuring manufacturing profits,i . e .
1
2
3
4
5
6
t
Relation to markets
Availability of materials used
Freight Costs
Labor Costs
Power Costs
Fuel Costs
In, a general way it can be stated that conditions prevailing in
Danbury covering the above factors of efficiency are not prohibitive of the manufacture of any kind of article that can be
manufactured successfully elsewhere in Connecticut and we can
therefore commence our analysis by studying the varieties of
products manufactured in this' state as compared with the number
of establishments in Danbury engaged in each line of manufacture.
Such a comparison is shown on another page.
It need not necessarily follow that an article that is not
produced in Connecticut, cannot be manufactured here profitably
and the comparison is only part of the analysis.
On follovring pa.ges are certain groups of suggested industries .
These are arranged in order of analysis .
Supposedly if there is a sufficiently large local market for
any one ' article of manufacture , that article might be mcnufactured
here. The manufacture of an article that is used by other local
industrie s would be of as si stanc e in developing those industries .
Therefore all such allied lines of manufacture should be given
cons idera ti on.
If there is a sufficient quantity of any raw materials or
partly finished materials produced in Danbury or vicinity,
presumably the articles which can be manufactured from such
materials could be manufactured here profitably. This is an
assumption which does not apply in every case but suggests another group of possible industries. '
•
�108
•
If there are any present wastes or bi-products of existin~
industries which would be suitable for use in further lines of
manufacture , such industries offer most interesting possibilities.
By working out special group s of p ossible industries in this
way, and there~by following a process of elimination. we are
enabled to concentrate study upon a comparatively few lines
of manufactu.re and finally the analysis enables us to focus our
thoughts upon a selected list Of industries up on which it would
a ppear most advantageous to cmncentrate future development effort .
In many eases the reasons for the selection of the lines
of manufacture specified in this final list are fully explained
in the chapters relating to these industries elsewhere in the
Survey.
•
A factor that has controlled to some extent in the selection
of this list is the paramount need in Danbury of male emplOying
industries . This factor does not control in every ca se however,
as it might be of advantage to develop lines of industry in
Danbury, employing female labor to take advantage of existing
favorable conditions or to assist in the degelopment of other
industri es •
To ascertain the efficiency of Danbury in the manufacture of
any of the lines suggested , a detailed analysis should be made
of conditions relating to each individual 'line considered . ,
It is possible however to make a general comparison of the
more important el ements entering into manufacturing costs by
means of cha rting Danbury ' s position on the standard efficiency
chart accompanying this chapter.
The relative manufacturing efficiency of Danbury can thus
be shown by comparing the Danbury ~curve~ with the ~curven of any
other city which might be indicated on the same chart .
1&ile a comparison of this kind is useful as a guide and
in ca lling attention to the weak points in Danbury's industrial
conditions , yet because Danbury's "efficiency curve" may not make
as good a showing as the ,~curveTt of some other city. it does not
necessarily follow that the efficiency chart will show the same
comparison if worked out in connection with some specific line
of manufacture.
For example a textile dyeing concern WOuld probably determine
location largely upon the character and cost of the water supply
and WOuld not be greatly influenced by conditions that would 00
more important to other lines of industry.
glass bottle plant location would be influenced by the
cost of gas and coal and mig~t be located where all other conditions
WOuld seem unfavorable .
Not only do different rules of efficienc y apply to the
different groups o.f industries but spe'cial conditions relating to
different manufacturing' enterprises may entirely alter the comparison with other loca lities.
For example an enterprise that had developed its chief
market in New England or in the New York - Boston -Philadelphia
terr itories might find it of greater advantage to have its plant
located in Connecticut although all its manufacturing costs
might be much higher than if the plant were located in the middle
west .
�109
•
If all the manufacturing plants of New En61~n~ were to be
moved into the Pi ttsbu-rgh district , the manufacturers could
save $18 , 000 , 000 per year on coal costs alone. And yet not-withstanding this handicap these manufacturers find it an advantage to remain in New England.
The conditions of efficiency existing in Danbury, must
therefore be worked out for each line of manufacture considered
and to apply to each individual enterprise and the facts
.
.
and information contained in this Survey will permit the working
out of problems of this kind to fit each case.
~rever in the history of industry has there been given so
much consideration to the scientific location of factories as
there is today. One manufacturer in the Middle West who is now
arranging to remove his plant , had one of the largest Engineering
firms in New York make a most exhaustive investigation of the
subject , which extended over a period of four months and resulted
in B a 75 page report showing from every angle the advantages
and disadvantages of a large number of cities . Another manufacturing company employing 15,000 hands has had for the past 6 months
a corps of experts in the field studying different cities . These
concerns are breaking away from the cent er at which the industries
in which they are the leaders , are located.
Many a manufacturer has started out with what was regarded at
the inception of his business as a virtual monopoly and there was
felt at first no need of considering closely the economic advantages of production and distribution ; as the profits were so
great that it seemed unnecessary to so consider these factors. The
manufacturer had , for a number of years , lived in the town in
which he started his factory, his friends and relatives resided
there and his decision to locatea his factory in his "home towp."
was based largely upon sentimental reasons , or was due to the
habit of industrial imitation. The time~ come~ however , when competition becomes exceedingly severe, and when , in discussing with
his partners the- contract which his competi tors- located more ad ...
vantageously- landed , sadly shakes his head and ~canrt understand
how they can bid so low". The manufacturer who carefully considers
all of the economic faetors involved in the location of his
factory; such as labor , raw material , market , transportation ,
cost of power and fue'l , Sites , fire protection , insurance , etc. ,
must find it to his advantage to locate in Danbury.
The convenience of Danbury to the great world market , the
center of which is Man~attan and its location as a part of the
most congested area of the nation, providing such an immense
domestic consumption of every form of product , make this a most
desirable point for the establishment of almost any industrial
enterprise.
A circle with Danbury as the center of a hundred mile
radius shows a population of 12 , 000 , 000 people. A circle with a
200 mile radius shows a population of 20 , 000 , 000 people or one
sixth the population of the entire United States .
Economic and rapid transportation is the equivalent of
physical contiguity and on this basis we do not fi'gure distance
in miles but in express train time .
Therefore in speaking of the relation of Danbury to the
important trade centers , we can say that the city is ;
2L hours from New York
hours from Albany
7 hours from Boston
2t
�110
•
14
17
20
24
36
46
72
132
hours
hou.r s
hour.s
hours
hours
hours
hours
hours
from
from
from
from
from
from
:from
from
Philadelphia
Baltimore
Pittsburgh
Cleveland
Chicago
St. Louis
St. Paul
San Francisco
Considering only the distribution of manufacutred goods to
the largest markets" Danbury is more favorably si tuated than
the cities in the middle west. DanburyZs own local market for
manufactured products can be considered as the whole of Fairfield
County with its 300 , 000 population and fully another 200 , 000
population in adjoining counties of Connecticut and New York
st~te or a totaJ: of 500 ~ 000 population within an ae area of
50 miles in all directions from Danbury.
This is a most prosperous section of the oountry and rich
in industries and business enterprises of every description.
The wealth of Fairfield County alone is estimated at over a
billion dollars.
Connecticut itself is one of the most important manufacturing
states of the nation , posses·sing nearly 5000 industrial plants ,
employing nellrly 300 ,.000 people.
In value of production the metal working industries lead
in the state , there being over 500 plants devoted to the manufacture of brass and bronze products and foundry and machine
shop products.
The leading industries of the state in the order of their
importance as to value of production , and the number of plants ,
in each group is as :follows :
•
Brass and bronze products
Foundry and machine shop"
Cotton Goods
Silk and silk goods
Fire arms and ammunition
Woolen , worsted and felt goods
Sil verware
Corsets
Automobiles and parts
Cutlery and tools
Hats - fur and felt
80
403
52
47
10
56
31
. 17
28
82
80
Danbury itself is most advantageously located near the
New York State line and only.62 miles from New York City. It has
the benefit of location on important sections of the New York ,
New Haven and Hartford Railroad system with train service as
good as possessed by most New England cities.
\
Danbury is distant from other nearly by points of
portance as follows : .
To
To
To
To
To
!o
Bridgeport
New Haven
Pittsfield,Mass.
Torrington
Poughkeepsie , N. Y.
Brewster, N. Y.
im~
38 Miles
55
89
49
47
10
"
"
"
"
"
It can thus been seen that Danbury occupies a dominating
position in a very large local territory as is more fully
illustrated in accompanying maps.
�111
The Danbury Industrial area possesses nearly 200 industrial
establishments producing 180 different kinds of ~anufactured
articles as is shown by accompanying list of Danbury pr oducts.
Danbury possesses 15 miles of street railway track,
located conveniently to ~- its industrial sections.
Danbury possesses 17 churches , 2 libraries t 11 schools ,
11 benevolent societies and an excellent hospital.
Danbury and Bethel Which are almost one community have
five banking institutions of large resources and highest standing .
The area adjacent to Danbury is composed of fertile
farms and valuable woodlands and is rich in raw materials and
farm products of all kinds. The farm property of Fairfield
county alone is valued at $50 , 000 , 000. As a place of residence
Danbury cannot be surpassed and this fact should have some
weight wi th a manufacturer in determining plant location.
As fully set forth in another 'chapter too much importance
cannot be placed upon the fact that Danbury is part of the
great New York industrial area . This adjacenceyto the market
center of the world combined with lower overhead and manufacturing costs are the important features of Danbury's superiority
as a manufacturing locati on.
Vfuile the largest proportion of ultimate consumers may
reside west of Pennsylvania yet distribution of products
centralizes in New York and nearness to the distribution and
material buying center in most cases offsets the advantage
of nearness to the center of population •
•
�112
",I
o
3
.:....
4
6
7
8
9
�113
�111
�115
Suggested Industries-- Group 1
Lines of Manufacture Already Existing in Danbury, But which should
and Can Be Further Develo~ed.
Finished Felt hats
straw Hats
Waterproof Hats
Machine Tools
Special machinery
~lectrical specialties
Silk ribbons
Boxes-wood
. Boxes-paper
Brass cast goods
Silverware
Propretary medicines
Cigars
Electric fixtures
Electric cooking appliances
Silverware and brass novelties
Butter
? eed end Milling
Pi ckle d f oods
Electric Appliances
Ladies' felt hats.
Stationers novelties
Pulp and papa r
Printing
House trim
Gabinet work
Tools
Sheet metal goods
Wood working
Wire cloth
Lime products
Fur Cutting
Glue
Shellac
Broad silk
, Cotton thread
Iron Foundry
Brass Foundry
Machine shops
Sheet metal working
Wire cloth
�116
Suggested
Industries--Group 2
. Lines of Manufacture Which Could Be Developed in Danbury to
Supply Materials Used by Existing Industries
or Because Allied to Existing Industries.
Some of these lines of manufacture are now established here to a
small extent but should be further developed.
Alcohol
Paper
Cardboard
Fibre board
Straw board
Dressed lumber
Vegetabl
oils
Cotton ,good
Cotton yarns
Buttons
Leather
.ii elt (wool)
Brass fittings
Babbit metal
Sizing
Shellac
Leather
Silk throwing
Dyes
Paint
Varnish
Iron castings
Brass castings
Brass Foundry
Steel forgings
Gears
Boiler works
Stock tanks and troughs
Gold leaf
Bee ke ep ers supplies
Drop forgings
Malleable steel castings
Corset cloth
Metal stamping
Boilers
. Smoke stacks
Malleable iron castings
Pasts
Dairy utensils
Creamery machinery
·Poultry yard fixtures
Electric milkers
Incubators
Agriculture tools
Dyeing works
Pe arl buttons
Fur cutting
Leather
Cigar boxes
?ertilizer
Steel castings
Iron Foundry
Malleable iron plant
Steel c astings
Sheet metal stamping
Iron forging works
General machine shop
�Suggested Industries-Group 3
Lines of Manufacture - Which Could be Undertaken in Danbury Because
of Nearby Availability of Raw Materials or Other
Materials and Parts Used in Manufacture.
Soap
Starch
Wax
Condensed Milk
Powdered Milk
Preselttved fruits
"
vegetables
Canned goods
Preserves, pickles, sauces
Drugs prepared from herbs
Alcohol (potato)
Alcohol ( grainl
Alcohol ( wood ) :~
~_
Charcoal( from wood distillation'
Wood dyes and extracts
Fruit syrups
Wood pulp
Wood novelties
Bottles
F ancy Cheeses
Canned maple syrup
Flavoring extracts
Lime produots
Wooden toys
Trunks
Traveling bags
Le ather novelties
Leather gloves
Lime product
Briok
Cheese
Potato alcohol
Lactated foods
Honey wax products
Abbatoir
Lard
Hide cleaning
Canned fruits
Catsups and s auces
Piokles and preserves
•
•
Leather novelties
Electrical specialties
Buttons ( metal )
Straw board
Lime pro duct s
Furniture
Cigars
Uniform felt hats
Paper specialties
Automobile wheels
Ribbon novelties
Candy boxes
Shoe boxes
Fertilizer
Aut o Accessories
Poultrymens supplies
Carpets and rugs
Spools
Excelsior
Cushions
Lactated milk products
Pure fruit syrups
Cotton & Silk fabrics
Woven cotton goods
Cotton rops & twine
Furniture
Shoe lasts
Toys
Clothes frames
Spools
Dairy spe cialties
Cotton lace
Uniform hats
Riding hats
Hams, bacon
Cold stor~ge plant
Fertilizer
Canned vegetables
Salad dressings
Fruit juices and extracts
117
�Suggested
Industries--~roup
4
I
Lines of M<.: nufacture Not Included in Previous Groups But which
Could be developed in Danburyas proven by the
Successful Operation of Similar Industries Elsewhere in the Stat e.
This inclu~es such lines of manufacture as could be profitably
conducted l.n Danbury because of favorable conditions existing here.
Automobile Parts
Automobile Accessories
Areoplanes
Areoplane parts
Axles ( automobile) '
Brass ( castings, wire, tubes)
Barrells
Bel t ing ( c'a nvas )
Bending ( leather)
Bolts
Bronze (parts)
Bodies ( automobile)
Cotton cloth
Cotton yarn
Umbrella.s
Electrica.l machinery
Motor Trucks
Automobiles
Brass buttons
Silk ( dress )
Dyeing (textile)
Shoe polish
~A~(i.p.Q-J,.j,.sh.
Twine
Toys
Refrigerators
Perfumes
.n
Motor $Tuck s '
Art glass
Pottery
Tiles (clay)
Musical Instruments
Agricultural Implements
Artificial stove
Baskets
Brushes
Clothes racks
Olothes hangers
Caps ( cloth)
Cooperage
Coffins
Cutlery
Clasps (dress)
Foundry supplies
Gloves
Gluco.se
Hair goods
Ink
I~str~ents ( scientific)
Labels and tags
Frames
Oil ( essential)
Optical goods
Pens
Phonographs
Photographic apparatus
11
Materisl
Roofing
Rulers
Saws
scales
Screws
Soap
Sporting Goods
Gam s
Vinegs.r
Wall paper
Wood specialties
Rubber goods
Forgings (steel)
Galvanizing
Glass (cut and. stained)
Hardware
Metal specialties
Rods ( brass)
Shoe buttons
Shoe findings
Shoe soles
Shoe Heels
Shoes
Solder
Springs
Watches
l!'ire arms
Hosiery
Jewelry
Knit goods
Models
Pianos
Pins
pJ.;g.a-
Slaught ering
Surgical supplies
Surgical tools
Typewriters
Typewriter supplies
Woolen cloth
Wool hats
Artificial flowers
Bicycles
Motor cycles
Boxes (Cigar)
Bricks ( sand lime)
Shildrens carriages
Childrens furniture
Chemicals
Dairy supplies
Dairy machinery
Tiles
Fir e extinguishers
Flavoring extracts
Cro quet sets
Shoe lasts
Ste ering wheels
Kitchen cabinets
Acid
Agriculture implement s
Locks
Door knobs
Draw pulls
Screws
Rubber goods
Chemicals
Dyes
Buttons
Shoe buttons
Vegetables Butto·ns
Cut glass ware
Toys
Games
Stained Goods
Kid gloves
Leather gloves
Shoes
Paint
Varnish
118
�Group 4
Dy'e Stuffs
Bee hives
Maple extract
Honey extracts
Soaps
Perfumes
Cleaning powders
Dog biscutt
Fancy cookies
Ice cream cones
Fruit juices and extracts
Cotton & Silk goods
Woven cotton fabrics
Twills and sateens
Velvets and plushes
UPholstery material
Textile dyeing
. Umbrella cloth
Necktie silks
Silk hosiery
Areoplanes
Areoplane parts
Brackets
Mirrors
Candy
Crackers
Dolls
Dress Shields
Embroidery
Emery wheels
Gaskets
Graphophones
MOving pictures
Ink
Insulated wire
Laces
Mattresses
Neckwear
Rulers
Screws
. Skirts
Shirts
Overalls
Wood fillers
continued
Cotton rugs
Flannels
Auto rugs
Blankets
Cordage
Seine netting
CaSke t s
Rtlfrigerators
Laeundry utensils
Pulleys
Ladders
Croquet sets
Clothes frames
Spools
Handles
Steering wheels
Drugs
D~uggists Supplies
Auto parts
Auto accessories
Nuts and bolts
Screws
Electrical machinery
Electrical appliances
Electrical supplies
Silk hats
Opera hats
.l? anama hat s
119
�20
•
SUGGESTED INDUSTRIES - GROUP 5.
Lines of Manufacture Selected from Previous Groups and
Recommended for Special Concentration of Effort Because of
Danbury's Particular Advantages for Such Manufacture or
Because Most Logically Suited to Conditions Existing Here.
.
Most of these lines of manufacture require male help
entirely or in large part.
•
Alcohol
Automobile parts
Automobile Accessories
Auto bodies
Art Glass
Aeroplane parts
Brass Specialties
Broad silks
Buttons
Boilers & smoke stacks
Brick
Bolts and nuts
Cigars
Corset Cloth
Cigar Boxes
Canned goods
Cut glass
Clocks
Cutlery
Childrens furniture :
Dyes
Dyeing works
Drop forgings
Dairy utensils
Electrical specialties
Electric fixtures
Finished felt hats
Fur cutting
Galvanizing
Graphaphones
Hardware
Iron foundry
Incubators
Lime products
Leather tanning
Ladies felt hats
Ma.chine tools
Machine shops
Malliable iron works
Motor trucks
Motorcycles
Ornamente! Iron Works
Opera hats
Paint and varnish
Pulp and paper
Poultry supplies
Pianos
Pulleys
Roofing
Refrigerators
Special machinery
Straw braid hats
Shoes
Slaughtering
Shoe buttons
Surgical tools
Scales
Silk hats
Silk ribbons
Sheet metal goods
Steel foundry
Trunks
Traveling bags
Tools .
Uniform hats
Wire Cloth
Wood novelties.
�121
•
�122
MATERIALS USED IN lWiUFACTURE
••
RAW MATERIALS ;FINISHED MATERIALS & PARTLY FINISHED MATERIALS USED
BY THE VARIOUS INDUSTRIES.
.
MATERIAL
Acetyline
HOt
USED
SOURCE OF SUPPLY
elding
New Yorlt
Aluminum
Mach ine Shop s
Auto p rts
Repairing
Ash
orks
~agon
QUANTITY USED YEARLY.
New Yor.k
&
Elsewhere
Nearby
Antimony
Platini,
Novel ty Works
New York
Artificial
Silk
Hat Bands
New York
Alcohol,
denatured,
wood or grain
Hats
New York
Butter
Bakeries
Nearby
Bottles
Medicines
New York
Buttons
Underwear
N. YQrk
City
Hartford
Brass Fitting s
Belts & Parts
l~chine
Babbit
Machine Shop
New York
Brass
Machine Shop
New York
Shop
Binding Material-printers
N.Y.C.-N.H.-H.
Boston
New York
Bristles
For Brushes?
Borax
Laundries
New york
Cream
Creameries
Nearby
Corks
Medicines
New York
Cotton Yarns
Underwear
New York City
Card. Board
Paper Boxes
Conn. Haverhill,Mass.
Canvas
Tent s
City Jobbers
Cotton Yarns
Textile Works
Cypress
&
Awning s
Cloth(ticking) Mattress
Mass.
COttOll Yarn
Thread
Mass.
Cabbage
Sauer kraut
Local
Cucumbers
Pickles
Local
�123
•
MATERIAL
HOW USED
SOURCE OF SUPPLY
Corn
Feed
West
Cambric
Corset Mfr.
Mass .
Composi tion
Metal
Corset Mfr .
New York
Coal
All industries
Pennsylvania
Duck
Tents-awnings
City Jobbers
Dyes
Hat making
New York
Eggs
Bakeries
Nearby
Excelsior
Mattresses
New York
Flour
Bakeries
N. Y. & Boston
Fibre Board
Paper Boxes
Ohio & Haverhill .Mass.
Fibre
Electrical Work New York
F'elt
Sweat Bands
Fur~Sootch
Coney Rats
Saxony Hare
New York City
Scotland
Hats
Germany
"
Australian
Rabbit Hats
Australia
"
"
"
"
Domestic
Hats
New England
Beaver
lIat Makers
Domestic
Muskrat
Hat Makers
Domestic
Nutra
Hat
Imported
11
QUANTITY USED YEARLY
~rakers
Glue
Hats
Da.nbury
Granite
Monuments
QuincYt .Mass.
Gold & Silver
Plat ing Novelty
Yorks
New York
Hiokory
Wagon
Hemlock
Mill Work
ork
Harness H rdware Harness Shops
Nearby
New Haven & So . Norwalk
N.Y. & Boston
Hair
Mattresses
New
Eats in rough
Ha.t
Danbury
Iron
Machine Shops
New York
Ink
printers
New York
Irish Moss
Iron Pipe
Jewett Canva.ss
Medicines
For Rat lfa.kers
New York
New Haven
Sco tlond
Lard
Bakeries
New York & Boston
Leather
Sweat Bands
New York
F~tnishing
~ork
�124
MATERIAL
HOW USED
SOURCE OF SUPPLY
Lead
Boston
Lead Pipe
Boston
QUAljTITY USED YEARLY
Lime Stone
•
Le ther
Book Binding
New York
Linen
Linseed Oil
Milk
Corset Mfr .
Painters
Creameries
New York
New York
Nearby
Marble
Monuments
Barre . vt.
Maple
Vagon Work
Nearby~New
Mica
Electrical Work
New york
Millet
'F eed
west
Oils (vegetable) Medicines
Oak
Oxygen Gas
iiagon Work
New York
Nearby
New york
elding
est
Oats
Feed
Paper
Pap er Boxes
New York
Print:i,ng Ink
Printers
New York
Pine Lumber
Packing cases
for mill work
Ogdensburg , N.Y.
New Haven & So . Norwalk
Paper
Printers
New York
Pipe(lead & iron)Plumbers
•
Haven &
So . Norwalk
New York
Paint
Painters
New York
Paper waste
Paper Mill
Local
P·eroale
Corset Mfr .
Mass .
Pulp ( v ood)
P per Mill
Local
Rabbit Skins
Hats
Australia and near-by
Reed
Sweat bands
New York City
Redwood
Mill Work
New Haven & S6 . Norwalk
Raw Silk
Hat Bands
New York
Rags
Rubber
Carpets
Rye
Feed
Lo caJ.
New York
est
Silk Ta.p es
Underwear
New York City
Soap
By Laundries
N. Y. & Boston
Starch
"
"
N. Y.
&
Boston
Sugar
Bakeries
Near-by
straw Board
Pap er Boxes
Ohio & Haverhill . Mass .
�125
MATERIAL
EO 'l
Silk Bands
USED
Hat Bands
SOURCE OF SuPPLY
Danbury
Silk Braid cord Hats
•
steel
Machine Shops
N.Y.C ....N.H.-H.&
Boston
Sizing
Hats
New York
Swea.t Bands
Hats
Local
Solder
Plumbers
New York
Shellac
Hat Works
New York
Silk Floss
Mattresses
Mass.
Silk
Corse t Ifir.
Paterson
straw Braid
Straw Hats
Imported
Tobacco
Cigars
Elmira, N.Y.
Tin
Plating
Novelty Works
New York
Valves
Plumbers
New York City
Vegetable
Filre
Mattresses
New York
Varnish
Painters
New York
By Laundries
New York & Bostoln
Whitewood
Carriages
Bridgeport
Wire
Hat :Making
New York
Vire(Steel}
' ire
Pittsburgh
Wh'iat
Feed
Yarn ( Cotton)
Thread
Vegetables Oils
~orking
/lest
.Mass.
~UANTITY
y
USEn YEARLY.
�126
INDUSTRIES OF CONNECTICUT
Assuming that any kind of product which oan be manufactured
profitably elsewhere in the state of Conneoticut, oan also be
manufaotured suooessfully in Danbury, a study of the industries
of
Connectic~t
is interesting.
Following shows the number of plants in Connectioutdevoted
to eaoh line of manufacture.
stars ind.icate the lines of manufaoturewhich are now
established in Danbury.
Industries of Conneotiout 1909.
Agricultural Implements
Artifioial stone
43
Automobiles and parts
28
Artificial flowers and feathers
1
Artists materials
1
Awnings and ten ts
10*
Baskets, rattan and willow ware
5
Blacking and oleansing preparations
12
Boots and shoes
10
Paper Boxes
38*
Brass and bronze products
80
Baker y Products
Brooms
•
4
431*
7
Brushes
12
Butler and dairy products
30*
Buttons
20
Babbit metal and solder
3
Bags (not paper)
1
Bags (paper)
1
Belting and hose (leather)
1
Bioyoles and motor-oycles
4
Billiard tables
1
Boots and shoes (rubber)
5
Boxes (oigar)
4
Brick and tile
36
�127
Cigars
360
12
Canning and preserving
Carpets (rag)
7*
Carriages and wagons
92
Car shops (railroad)
5
Car shops (street railway)
15
Clocks and watches
16
Clothing (men's)
28*
C10 th 1ng (worne n t s)
17
Coffins
5
Confeotionar.r
Coop erage and we,oden
22*
g~o
ds
Card outting
1
Carpets and rugs (not rag)
3
Childrens oarriages and sleds
1
Ca~ registe~s
2
Cement
1
Chemio'als
3
Choeo1ate and ooooa products
1
Coffee and, spioe roasting and grinding
9
Cordials and s,rups
1
Cruoibles
2
Copper , tin and sheet iron produots
Cordage and twine ,jute and linen goods
/
'
48*
8
Corsets
17*
Cotton goo ds
52
Cutlery and tools
82
Dairy and poultry supplies
1
Dentists materials
3
Dye~stuffs
..
8
and extraots
1
Dyeing and finishing textiles
10
Eleotrioal machinery and apparatus
41 *
Eleotroplating
14
Emery wheels
2
Bname11ng and japanning
1
�128
Engravers materials
1
Engraving and die sinking
3
Explosives
1
Fanoy artioles
8
Fertilizers
12
Fire arms and ammunition
10
Files
3
Fire extinguishers
1
Fireworks
2
Flags , banners , regalia
2
Flavoring extraots
8
Flour and, grist mills
Foundry and maohine sh.op prod,u ots
Fur goods
403*
6*
Food preparations
13
Foundry supplies
2
Furnishing goo d.s (mens) '
16
Furniture and refrigerators
25
Galvanizing
•
98*
1
Gas and eleotrio fixtures
12*
Gas works
28"
Glass outting and staining
15
Gloves and mittens (leatb,er)
2
G1uoose and staroh
3
Glue
2*
Gold and silver foil
2
Grease and tallow
8
Hair work
2
Rats (straw)
3*
Rand stamps and stenoils
7
Hat and oap ma.terials
Hats and oaps , other thanfel t ,straw or wool
Hats , fur fel t
14
8*
80*
Hones and whetstone
1
Horse shoes
2
Hosiery and knit goods
21
�129
House~furnishing
goods
Ic e J manu! aotured
7
Ink, printing
1
Ink, writing
1
Instruments (scientifio)
3
Iron blast furnaces
2
Iron and steel nails
3
Jewelry
15
Koolin and ground earths
6
Labels and tags
1
Lapidary work
1
Leather goods
18*
Leather
8
Lime
10*
Liquors (distilled)
10
Liquors (malt)
19
Looking glass and picture frames
Lumber and timber products
•
6
7
393*
Marble and stone work
86*
Mattresses and sp ring beds
16*
Milliner)' and. lace goods
7
Mineral and soda waters
96*
Mirrors
1
Moving pic tures
1
Models and patterns
25
Mucilage and paste
3
Musioal instruments
3
Nee dIe s, pins, hoo ks and eye s
8
o
1
kum
Oil (essent ial)
Optical goo ds
11
4
Paint and varnish
17
Paper and wool pulp
51*
Paper goods
10*
Patent medicines and compounds
64*
Paving materials
1
�130
Pens -fountain
1
Pens ... steel
1
Phonogr~hs
and graph phones
3
Photographic apparatus and materials
2
Pho t 0 engraVing
7
Pianos
ana
organs
17
Pottery, terra cotta , etc .
Printing and publishing
5
363*
Pumps (not steam)
1
Roofing materials
1
.;. ubber goods
13
Rules (wood)
1
Saws
4
Scales and balances
1
Screws (machine)
7
Screws (wood)
3
Se,ving mach ine s
6
Ship and boat building
43
Shoddy ·
6
Show cases
1
Signs and novelties
2
Silk and silk goods
47*
Silverware
31*
Slaugh tering
and
meat pack ing
28
Smelting and refining
4
Soap
9
SpDrting and athletic goods
3
Springs (steel)
3
Stationery goods
3
statuary and art goods
5
Steam packing
3
stereotyping and
electro~yping
5
Stoves and furnaces
5
Sulphuric and nitric acids
3
Surgical appliances
6
Tobacco manufacture
265*
�131
Toys and games
13
Typewriters and supplies
8
Typ e fa>unding and printers supplies
3
Umbrellas and canes
2
Upholstering materials
3
Vinegar and cider
' Vall paper
~
72
1
a.ll plaster
3
indow shades and fixtures
3
ire
3
Vire work and wire rope
28
.. ood. (turned and carved)
43
Wool scour ing
1
¥oolen , worsted and felt goods and wool hats56
�
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation Records, MS050
Description
An account of the resource
The Danbury Industrial Corporation was established between 1916-1918 to promote the City of Danbury as an attractive location for business and industry initially through the purchase of land for industrial development. The collection includes the D.I.C. records, clippings, correspondence, legal documents and most notably a three volume Danbury Industrial Survey which contains comprehensive descriptions and statistical analyses of Danbury's business and industrial community from 1918.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms050_danburyIndustrial.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
f8adbdb8-5e8f-4930-8061-bab2f15afedd
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Survey, Vol. I
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation
Relation
A related resource
MS050
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
bf72cb0f-b2a9-416d-8605-65a6c0700b89
Danbury
Industry
Manufacturing
Statistics
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_Industrial_Corporation_Records_MS050/392/ms050_dis_vol_ii.pdf
5a9722bcc48a43bd9359db8af6c99365
PDF Text
Text
�12b
uo.nbury lll6llu:to.otur1ne; interests have no reason to oocplain
~!x!~~~ . r!~e:li~ ~~:;G~i~fe!l'~b:o~~~~!1n o~~;O~f O~ . 75
pOl' ~10Ci le 1017 on a 2/3 vo.lUlltion basis .
j?urther tl.o.n this WllIbury is lenient to ,~ufaoturerB in
tl'!e mnthr of s,seoacil"-8 v.luation . ... 11 the manldaoturint: plo..'1ts
11 . .l&llbur:r are only assessed at .. ': , 098 , 980 wbiol. is about 15 per
cent or the total assesseil vt1l.uation of the city amounting to
..H. , HI , oBf . ::..anbury oan invite oantd'aoturers to located hera on
'CIt (roUT.d of a low to.x r ata .:Ina low assessed vo,lu!l.tlons •
.io IIBttar how elll8l1 an item of over head cost tUBS may
be as oompared with o'U!.er itel!ls that go to make llI' 11 manufaotursrB
ooats there 18 &."'1 inolination to prote st against taxea o:! any kind .
i'hls 18 aspeoially true of CMutaoturers who feol that produotive
l!lo)linor1 ehould be exsmpt from ta.xa~ion .
In sOille par~s ot tl:e OOT,Uitr:; . not!1blj Z;ew Jersey there is
publio BentilOOnt in fevor of abol1s:t:ine entIroly the
tax upon r,r04uotive msol:1nery . Dot only 8ll a ~9.cure of ft.irness
t
!llDl-!·~oturers . but a8 a CIIIM for onooura;:;ine Industr tal Growth •
a stron
. 1thout doubt the f!1vor .. nc of manutaoturIna intorests o.s
relatel to ta.xatIon io a stro1l6 inflwmoe in oeourioc ne·.. i!ldU8trie~ .
0
ieo of ti:o OOUiltr,7 ( 8x~le , Louisvillo .t3 . ) have provided
<)r the zemption 1ro~ 100{l1 taxation of I:Wlu:taoturina; ~la.::J,ts :ror
a period of :five yoars fro the t1c;e of their establ1ehamt .
':;0II1II
here i8 mnoc a100
ba.t
10 dOllS
by vo.rioWi oitio!! to en-
:n~~~t~~t:~s~ir::h i~~!kf~s t~: ~~i~!s~!s:~tr r~ii~tion of
.:owo.1'L , 1 . J . 1:30 a very liberal polio,.. towo.rd canlifeotnrers in tb i s
rospeot o.nd this favoril of !!:tll'Iufaoturing interests had had a
atrol
influonoe L the loo!ltion of ne;ot industries in that oity •
• he JW.Uu!.'loture and Cero'hants :azatiOl:
•
Le~"U8
ot r;ew Jeree:;
i~ ~o~~~. Sii~~~c~el;ei~n;:;i;: ~~;~!:ii~~ ~!!; ~r t~U:d:ers
vooate le.;isl:ltion that .. ill <9nOOUl'.'l-e industriee ";0 too.:Lte L"l ::iP
Jersey . The lo:l.::ue is ursina the oxe~tion Of maeb.1n.er;r . i:lorchtu:.dise
W hOUGehold .:00d6 1:ro tlUatio! . tr.s reduot1on of taxation OD
faotor;y bulldirl£s . and an inore!lse ill tr.e tax on idle land e1tlilar
to the plan adopted in .:>orantoD a.nd P1tt sburt;t. . l'ennsylvan •
The 1:anu!aoturers ....sBOOiation of new Jersey io anotter
organbl!lt10n whioh ho.s Similar objeots in vie;., .
3e quote from a recent repo rt of that organ1:l:at1on 0.8
:tollows :
1'he assoo1ation auarts tho.t taxatioJ: that is adverse to
tbe interoats of either the manui'aoturer8 and C1Oroh'J.l!.te of tho
... tato or the people at luge 1s equall:; in;Ul'iotul to all .
':hat tr_e ,freaent ';:/10'1: III of taxir.g propert,7 gener_IY aceor d1 nc
o l1L1:torm rule , 1s trls.;)und . eoonoCl1oall;,r unJtl8t and 1npraot:l.oablo .
:1:.e t:l.]:atior;. of [er8onBl rropart;; i8 espeoilllly itlpraotioable
8....,.d cbjeotion(l.ble , beariD{! au it :loo
moat heavily on the oeall
tlio.4pB.yer , tho farmer . the W0.6e oo.rner , tl:e lllAnufl10turer und tl-.o
merow,t .
�128
Engra"lllra materials
•
Engraving and die 8inkIng
Krploah'ea
J'anoy artioles
Fertilizers
12
Pil's arms and acm.u.nltlon
10
1'118S
'Ira extinguishers
Piraworks
Pl&gB , banners , regalia
Plavoring extraots
•
Flour and grist mills
l'oUDdry &nd machine shop produots
Pur goods
1'004 preparations
'S'
<0.'
,."
Jlaundry supplies
:Purnishing goods (menel
:rurnlture and rsfrlgeratore
"
2.
Galvanizing
•
GaB SIld electric fixture.
12'
Gae works
,.
GlaSB outtins and ataln1.ng
2S"
GIOTBB and mittens (18.12I.8r)
Gluoose and atarch
Glua
2'
Gold and silver foil
GreaslI and tallow
Bail' work
Bats (straw)
Hand st8:l.pS and stencila
Bat and cap materials
•
Bats and cape , other thanfe1 t , straw or wool
Hata , fur :hlt
.'
U
8'
80'
Hones and Whetstone
Borse ahoes
Hoe1ary and knit go04e
21
�129
It is obvious
p l ants and etoc.:a
Induatr;;.- , a"ld 1:3 .
tbe cost preeeing
that taxatlo;l .!.o.a applied to !:lWlu1'aoturlr-a:
in tra.de , haa a directl,. deterrent effect on
tht>re!ore . a prolific oause of unemplo7lllBnt
ot modern problems _
ta.:ne on industry are lar(;c17 s}:Uted to the oonatl.C:ors ,
partioularly tha laborlne 01as3 , !l1ld thua beoc;;:.Q8 the lea.dins
~:~~:n~ia~l~illl~i~~!d ~;g;~~~io~! o;l;;~~ot~;O~!~o:d ':f:~~;o.b11
on aanufaoturflrs a..'l.d ClOrcl.::mta
~r.e 4B8oo1a~lon
la""'s to theBe eolD ,
~
general prosperity,
therefore proposes neoessary ohanties in tee
a - Abol ition of paraonal property tax .
b- i::Xocptlon from taxation of caohiner;· and stool:s
i:r. trtl.ds I ae now practised in the Jtate 01' Pennsylvani a
0- A roduotion In taxation on buildl1ll;B and other 1mproveme::ts on land by the ten unnual sto.t;oe of 5,~
to 1/2 ot ita valuation .
d- .>u~~;~~~n:~e
b~ei!~:~~1n~nt~:~~z: C~:~!ngl V~:08 .
In o().se land v:.>lues do not Froduoe suffioient
revelluo , ths .'loe:led re venue eoUld bo obta iJ::.ed irom
:l unifer" rata , eitl.er upon tho volt!l:lo of buninoau
or U.e 03pit:l! emp1 0;red dtbin the ... ta.te Aor OllCt.
b~~~=8t::e~~;1~:'; ~~ ~fa~h~f8~;;b~!~;~~t
o:t
an
;ovorn~nt .
,iit}. tc..e (ldOE tion e:t the administration I:l8thoda ar.d the chausee
in the c3.. 1c s;.rutei:\ of tuatio:. ereir: ~ r o;05ed , 1I'e are conv1..oell
that It 1!'i11 rowult il a more e'1ual dlatribl<.tio<l- ot the tax bur liens
the J:oop1e o:t the ... tate ....:;,..rovide tLo .:..eoesoar;r revo:.\;.e •
0=
••eGardleee of "hl:J,t taxation :o!or:::s c.5¥ bo ailvisaab10 , tfUOS
",1'0 .,(711 J. part of tho bu:dan ot' bt1Biness a..:::.d an a!.alJsi5 of the
tfU rates ie tl.o!"oiore 01' intorest .
•
The tlU rate in l.<anbur;y is Mde up 800 fo110""1;,, :
~o,rn
,.il . ,0 pel' 'lt100 .
"
Clty ~
... 2 . 75
"
onttt;t i~~~l! ~t!il~:S!~;t, i~f a t;:~~ ~;p;~i~o;;~~t!O b~it!~!s to
possIble to anul.1ze briofl; the costE of cItj" ovorlllnent that 1lI!l1,o
VJI tt.e burden o! the olt,7 ta:ue •
.. he roceipts and e.;q,en8e8 of the city boverll::l6nt IUlIl !"OlllG
01' tho detail:> of U:e cit19 :tizw,:::Qes are "Sho;:n in 0. lItatel'!6:lt
a.c o o~EI.l:3i:~ tl.Il1 report •
.:'he oxpen4iture<l of ti-.e cit] !or 1JH> totaled "":::1 , 6.3') .
'<1le olll!la1tio~tior: o:t tl:.e[;8 e:.l'or:ditureB iI.. ~o::::-ared o. lUl:Jtber
Sheet .;It:... oi!:Ula.r e.:peud1tures of other cities of about the oi .. e
of ....a .. o'.U'.7 .
!ro~: ,his u
~bur] · .J ta.:A8D
t&utati"& e3t~to e= be ma.4e as to whether
ar8 b8i.'o e.!peudea in the most edv(l.Jlta.~eoUB o.nd
&.'ld economioa.l l!1IUlner .
�129
-.
Rouse- furnishing goo ds
IDe, I!Ilnufaatured
Ink , printing
I nk, writing
Instrumonts ( soientifio I
Iron bl ast furnacu
Iron and ateel nul II
Jewelry
,.
Kao l in and ground eartha
Labels and tags
Lapidar 7 work
•
Leather go04e
L....
10'
Liquors (dist1lled )
10
Liquors ( malt )
Looking glasB and pic tur8 fr&mlls
LWllber and timber produots
Ilarbl e and atone wOrk
MattresseB and ep ring beds
lI111iner.1 and laoe gOOd8
•
1.'
Leather
l!ineral and 80da watere
,.
..
..
393-
'
1. '
'
lIirrora
lloving piotures
!Iodale and patterns
2.
Yuo l lage and paste
J.ra..a113al inatrWllenta
D.lldlll8 , pins , hook. and 1I,.8S
Oakum
011 (essential)
II
Optioal goods
Paint an! varnish
•
Paper and woo 1 pulp
Paper goode
Patent cecUoln8s and oompounds
Paving me.teriala
17
.,,
..
10'
'
�130
To secure any compretenslve idea of these matters hOlt'8Ver ,
80me sort of a 01vl0 aooounting or flu.rv&7L'lI;; sb')uld be r;mde to
j~~r:~;na~r ~;~'l~O~~B ~:~a~}t; ~~~~~s o:.;tlbe O;:~~i!:Oto
the greatest s.dvantat;& of the ta:l: pa.,--era .
;.Il.Illbur; appears to hsve a 10"' per oapita. tax rata tl.G oompared
witb other tam::o of .:!or'.ri8otlcu.t . :he cOl:;.i:a;rlDon Is as i'ollJWEi ,
be1T16 mh witb cOlll:lunltles miot 111:e ~bur7 have bot;, cit,7
or borot16b
!l1ld
to'.m gQverru::ents .
Da.nbury
1:or1don
"J.3 . 81 1)8r capita
U . 94
,jtM!ord
27 . 80
Uor',-'161k
15 . 13
L11dClletown
12 . 48
,,1111B:Jlllntlc
13. 00
Rookville
11 . 57
Putnam
11 . 59
.Jethol
14 . 29
.:1<8 assuased vs.luatlor. er oapita in ~bur,. 10 ~I,)l o.e
compared with un BCSeGaO~ v_:uatlon fer C..l.plta. for t ..e entire
stllte of ... 8-1~.J6 •
..
�130
:Pens - fountain
Pene - ateel
Phonographs
an~
graphaphones
Photographic &;Ip&ratus &nd msterials
Photo engraving
1'1anoa &lid organa
,.
Pottery, terra ootta , .to .
Pr1nt1n& and publ1ebillg
363·
PUt:lpa (not stea=)
Roofing Q9.tenala
Rubbe r goods
•
13
Bules (wood)
5aw8
Scale. and balanoe.
Sorews (achine)
Sorews ( WOod )
Sew1rig I!I8.chlne8
Ship and boat build lng
••
ShOddl"
Show osaea
Signs and nOTdtlell
Silk and aUk goode
•
Silverware
..
"
31"
Slaughtering ani meat pack Ins
e,
Smel t1ng ana rd1nlJl8
Soap
Spn t1ng and athletio goods
Springe fateel)
Stationer,. goods
statuary and art Boeds
stem paoking
Stereot1Pl~
•
Illld deotrot1Pin8
stove. and furnaoea
SUlphurio and nitric aoida
Surgiaa1. applia.noe8
Tobaooo QallW:aoture
266*
�131
•
OOl.!PAlUTIU TJ.I
'0
W,
Lackawanna
Burlington
1!'.:. Greenwioh
1 . 10
1.17
1 . 25
1 . 27
CantOD
ColumbulI , Ga .
iUllan:aport
Dayton
Quillol'
Toledo
1 . 34
1 . 40
""'0.
1 . 42
1 . 46
1.48
1 . 50
CloYe1and
Clark.burg
Cincinnati
!Janoh .. ter
Kal .... :oo
l.ladiaoll.
Lanalng
Philadelphia
Dan.,l11e
1. 51
1.64
1 . 54-6
1.56
1.62
1.65
1.73
1.75
1 . 75
1.78
1 . 78
1.00
1.00
1.00
1.86
1 . 8'7
1 . 90
1.92
1 . 941 . 94
l1i195
1 . 95
1.95
1 . 96
1 . 97
1.99
2 . 00
2. 00
2. 00
2. 00
Kana. . Cit1
Gr anlS Rapiaa
•
~
0lI' OlTUS OP 'm3 WITBD S'I'ATES PKR JlOO 0lI' ASSBSSED VALtlA'UOll.
Boaton
Sprtugf1e14
1.:&86.
Woonsooket
Luo •• ter
Caho ..
Syraouaa
J,lanbattan
Reading
Brookly.a.
Br011%
Conoord
QUI.na
La"iaton
Huntington
HI. Britain
B-.gButOwn
Hiagara PaUa
~Anbum.
Roanoke
»e .
~uf:f.lo
n." :e••OD
Hashua
CamGan
Cu.mbarland
Pat.raon
Jareey City
Jall Riyar
Stamford
lSaarlboro
Hartford
Gardner
"lutoD, Salell
Rlob.lllond
BOl'Wloh
Bayonne
Uerlhn
Baltll110u
!iewark
J:t1lJ1tio City
Detroit
El'erett
stOl'lUatOI1
C.dar Rapids
Rochester
Rahlgh
!n4leapolia
Alb"""
.e. n
tnJ~!:
lltoona
Bradford
L08 Ana_I ••
Forth l1orth
l!e!llphia
Ithaoa
Eyanll'Ule
Peekskill
ll1ddleto1rn
l1atertown
...
Oakland
Utica
Bin8hamt on
Chattanooga
Duluth
fa*~:ld.
Nerren
Amsterdam
Killlleapol1a
St. Paul
BuUalo
C&l:t18teo
Sohenectady
Chioago
Peoria
Springfield
2 . 00
2. 00
2.04
2 . 05
2 . 12
2.14
2 . 15
2.15
2 .16
2 . 20
2 . 24
2.25
2.25
2.25
2 . 28
2.26
2 . 29
2.30
2 .36
2 . 36
2 . 36
2.39
2 . 40
2 . 50
2 . 50
2.50
2.68
2.69
Uew Bellford
St. Loui.
'rrenton
Perth AIIIboy
lIo .
2 . '15
2 . 85
2 . 90
2.90
2 . 92
2.93
2 . 97
2 . 96
3.00
3 . 00
3 . 00
3 . 04
3.10
3.11
3 . 23
3 . 29
3.35
3 . 49
3 . 50
3 . 60
3.62
3 . 85
:Vll
3 . 94
4 . 00
4 . 09
4 . 20
4.28
5 . 4'1
'.3"1
6.67
�131
'1'0)'8
and games
13
Typewritero and supplies
T.}'Pe fOunding and printers BupplieB
tllDbrellaa and canes
UphOlstering materialS
Vinegar and eider
fall paper
Wall plaster
Window shadee and firtures
\fire
Wire work and wire rope
.8
11'0ed (turned and carved)
.3
Wool eeouring
Woolen , worsted and felt 600ds and wool hats56
�"tili l ",,,,"UilJ"S
"n
'WW[" ~!'t'JO 1IO)!l!iI "l:IUiI.\u iI!UIS.
I "lOll WO,1
•
~,}j,!JUJ ~ lll ~ ,,~!"\
-JaW"1ll[uuJolll!"!"J11::I
-~!"l
~llOa"U [[ M
~j U J ,ujJUUap
JO
¥l1I!"JU:"j
¥jJ!jjP"" @UO!I Ull"(i
~1 1I~Jl:I pll~ 8UO!l uiI"\lI IlS
•
•
p"a
[WJ JU,lJj
YjU;lJj 'UU1I1<1Jil llll
"fL,:,
'o~t
'0,(
IIj''''t illlil
I'UII
¥1!"JJ oJ
:I1I1l""!I
'l
'110111.-1
'"
Wall!~llq"IlON
!11lOd1"!JaqlO
I)"~
lo<)Oju~![
Jon"!']
.Jul
-1110 JOJ 1Io)8H''ta 1111 11
IIIUiltuillWlIlIW [II! ~ a d S
'r"'f/'
I
Il!StlllS ' II!l!311:::J":.:II~",'II="'''''''''';'''''.::'''--.JL..:-::-''''''·''-'·--'-..
."!....,.,.
II JH ~
lI: lI.L
~
'fH'~"(1111
t3J1d
mOL
_____'--_ _ __
UO,[
�••
l - EJ:ptlUe
Public
sarti.'·
·I)Olice
_fire
..(J lher
Health.
_Nm;lalLon
•
�Othe;)~~~~:~~ Qwn oth~r ulilities l•.•. _'-L. __."__."_
__ ______ .. ______.
Ql"(lwth Data
Population
(Cen8ua)
'%
' 'ft
Ta~
Hatc
:~~~~~
"'''--·______··___······1 ____ ._--._-..--...-- __ ..___.__..__... _.1. __
:~:~:=-~====~::I==
====~== =-~-:===::=:=:=I=··= •
or
' 'f,
M ~ ~,,~
pcr cc nt.
itwrease
II_ A.-1.ode cA u oolaleo.:':. Y. I Copyrl.o;bled
�•
•
DANBURYS
•
CIVIC EXPEN S E OIAL
IJ!.!!
Di90uramenta
Uncollected Taxes
•
Schooh
Water rent8
Celeh &:0 .
Admin1 etr9. tItlon
Health
33000
2125
Fire
31000
police
35000
Intereet
38000
30000
Streets
" 'iY8 &: lIe ....n8
School
65000
22000
101000
~-
�C H ~ R T
•
0 F
CO Y. PA R
A T I V E
e I V I C
'E X BE ll 8 E S
13 2
I IN TE RE St]
~Q:'X~bv~e\\11.
'-''b",,,,Y-..'ou,'''<b\''
~~W\~0"'"\'"
1) M' 'oW ....·\.~
)(Q"Y":\~\)""' ''''''
~ o..Y\,.i\~
""y-{,\\,o."'V'<">',?"'",("(
I Rt AI I R I
•
~Q:w\\.tlt.\\.!' \ \ t.
\..u'C't.o"-'o\A.'(' \i\.,
6
. II
'"\'<"\\\\.u..Y<\~\"'''''.>(,
3)_~\.~\\~
;o(,\\\"'~"\.~
--
0---
XO"'l:,(,'~o"",,_
)J(.\,"",O .......--x-
:sc!doo I S I
•
~t.'"~~"''''~\\~
J
74<1-, /00
\..\.w\.t.\'\."o .....--.:%\"
J
"'"..:yft,r
""S)~'\f.,",~"'-,"","
J /--,"'"
\\h,\\.:'I,I,.'\."V\."li!Q'\,'"~
I
/S7,J:<-""~
~~''\.'i~\\~
I
/J.f/,OH
~"''''"\'''''''b
~\)--':"\""\.o\Y_
10/ 0 () 0
!
fo
•
~ G.\\\.",,,, Q\,\I\, ""'"
-----,--
\'(,\\\.'J>."'.... ~,. . '\..\
~~~,,~
X. _ '-'-_
I Jo ,ooo
I IS' '-". .
!
I
07T
I WA I F R I
~~.'\.~
~h~(o
..'.Jo..,,~;\.\\(t.
I
III.y;-/j
T
T
T
T
I
�C H ART
•
0 F
C 0 1! PAR A T I V E ' 0 I V ICE X P E 11 S R S
1ST Rb F I $ I
x"'~ v...ot."~\\t"
1) to.."" u.,, ~
\"~,,<"'''''u''%\''
)"(\\\\!.I.m'~o . . >(
1\ o.,,~\\\t.
'P.\\',,)"'.'"
_.){o~
I POI IC'F
•
~t,,«"'o~~'"__
\..\.\u"'t.\..\oUy~
~o."'''\\\1(,
'\)'),.),'ov.y'?!
\\' \\\\(J.."",,,"'~'I\'>(
~,,\\\'(\%""o.
....
~'(-~
I t IR F
\..\\'I\t;\...~~'Y<S\-...
u
6
•
"0()........V\
\,
)\t.~~ot."It\\1t
- \\\\\\(J.."W\~~Q"'I'\
'U1:\'~\,)."'('=t-
~~\\\'.'d'}b.''''
.J':sQ"\''C'\~~twyv
.x";-",",,,.\\.
\.,'tf'<J"'''',,"<.\~
•
\'(\\\\o..W\.,~a$
~to..,",'o\''''\'''l
"\)1.\."'''''\\(1;
~t:\\\'c\'.o\...."",'«V
---.,,---
:X~"",("('\\bw"""
�f;lr
Preliminary Lconomic Survey
c1j~<
Ci'y of
•
Thi~ iii
not intendeil
lUI •
lliorl)ugh survey, but
Coat or
lUI"
1!'1i,1" 10 ~ondilinuK.
OovemD.len~
T ola l AJIlIeUetI value ()tpI'OIJerty, rta\." d 11er1!<)1l1'
A_"'~"l bui_I,'erage Ilereentllge of roeal ..a ltlu
.J
_-LI-'~'-'OLlf7pR-_ _ _ _ _ __
" er Ullit" "lI!IeII!Ie(l ulue (a"enge$7aGj
,\"e ra)re
"~I in(lelJ!e"nl~'
tin l :!6,1!11 3:
("iliH
8
30
.-.0
100
300
Onr
lJoer /!lIpi.a,
to
In
to
\0
10
een~U8
30,000
50.000
100.000
:.100,000
;;00,000
r.oo,OOO
...-_-
.--
l.mlle-
$3' 3!J
3834
4Z51
-tJ n
7365
933S
Muni ~ipal
_*
,)(II'
1""'- - -' -
A\"erll/!O'l per ea l,jlll
IIb.w" 1111'111;0"... 1
~OIIt
or
the
eili~
*-
Mlet.ll a.nd Lia.billtles
r.illbililie•
... IJfJ; "'",D, CQ.
I~ . " ii , ""
... ; "
.... / .1"#; '"~
iI.
tJ"
V-L..c....£!!..:. '"
~j1;~:-,,";: =,.; _
t..1t!6-'1....." c.,,"
~ C, ., c
l J.r;",
"15/(,' 0 ', "
�133
B.untDfG AND J' nunCE
The bankiJlS reoorda conatitute the pulu of II oOJaUnlty'.
pro8pllrlty.
The Srorih of depoaih and the grlJWth in bank olearing_
indioate the degr •• of lIuoh II oOllll:lWlity's progress .
a:
l)&nbury
follow. :
Bethel pOIil8e8a !in b&l1king inatltution8 &8
~!!,~;ti:~~~;ank
Bethel Bational Bank
.
g:!~:g:a~~8 O~~!nbur1 '
'!'hUll are banking inatitutiona 01 whioh Danbury may well
!!:~l~i~~:
:4
t:!~;r ~::~~a:t grorih
ull
prosperity
18 moet
nil total aapoeih of theBe banks ia reported •• follo"8:
1 ?
On J anuary 1 , 1917
~11 . 2415"*. 030 . 26
"
..
1 , 1916
1 , 1915
10 , 257 , 362, 09
1,1914
9,709 , 64.7 . B9
9 , 821 ,890 . 58
nil total of the yeara olearings for the thre. national
banks indiot;Ltesthe "t'olUlll8 of business for tbe DanburT'!are. and
II oOIlP_rilon of the •• el ••rings OYer a period of •• ".ral yeara
indloatesthe growth of Duai:ae8B done ill tbis &rea. one of the
banka has shen ue these figures and U' the others were w1l11n&;
to do BO an intere.tint; oomparison oou14 ~e aade 1IIdioating the
gains and 10eae8 frolll year to year in the total business
tre.nsaotiol!.s of the city_
••
Froll the figtU'eB obtained it would appear that the total
"olume of business done in l)al!.bur7 in 1916 wo.e about the DaM &8
done fin year. ago in 1911 .
In 1913 there co_nced a deolded slWl1p in the amount of
bunineBS done in Danbury and tbis slUl!1p reaohed its lo ....est
limit in 1915 in whioh year there was at leut fin million dollarD
len business done in Danbury than in 1'311.
In the last part of 1916 business r81'ind and full, f i n
million dollare more bU8ine88 wae done by Danbur1 business Interests
tban in 1915.
Tbil re"i"a1 of business and inoreased prosperity i8 a1Bo
indicated by the reoor!! of in4i"dual depOSita , the total hpodta
of all the banks inoreasins 11 million dollars in a period cf one
year .
The larcnt inorease 1:1 deposits was in the tWO-Da"inas
bLOks whOle deposits increased a half !Dillion dollars in 1916 .
The total number od deposit account. in 0.11 1ive banke 11
23,910 01 whloh the saYings banks have 18 , 500 .
Tbll Shea I1!l anraae deposit aooount of $4'10 which i8 also
about the anrage deposit per oapita , lIbioh is high .
ProCl. all this it would appear that while the busineSS and
indUlltrial eatabllahments in total. are not doing a IIII1ch larser
busines8 than 11,.. years loGo , yet the 1ndi't'idual worke1'8 and
oithens h:ne beoome IlOre prosperous during that period .
�134
The banking mon of Danbury appe:lr to feel that tho tide
baa turned and that th~re 11'111 bo more marltad .1'i4enae of growth
and inneBaing buoineas in 1917 .
The fiVe banking institutions appear to be ample to
proTide for the present neella of area al thougb tho BUSS8stian has
been mado by 8.~eraJ. bualnUB men that the oity no.dD a trust
oompanl to oare for buolnua th:lt the nstionnl bank. and slLvings
banks are not permitted to"bandh.
Without doubt ooneiderablebank1na business Is done with
banks and tru.st oomp&nie. in Bridgeport and elsewhe re by Danbury
bualnosB 1hteresta that might bo done in Danbury but there appea.rs
to be no war of estimating tho amoung of banking buainees that is
done IIls.where by Danbury interests.
-.
The handSOme total of 24 , 000 deposltls Indie"tell a largo
degr •• of prosperity on the part of the laboring popUlation of
Danbury as the total represents a large number at depositors ,
and this surplus capital is 'tYell distributed , therc bcing fcw
;:~it~C~~:i;~~:hi:: Danbury is not rn",de up of 11 distinotively
There is no ":I!orris :P lan" bank in Danbury Buoh as are
::t~!;!.~~~ ;:o~e:n Ha~:~it:;I~!O~:;e -::i~~8~:~r~t~~r:f a~~::nnfo
the oity.
The only bulldina end loan association in thh area is a
slll&ll bUSiness of this kind oarried on in Bethel. Those deairing
to borrow !lIoney for buililing hO!!llls are able to arrangc loana at
the 100:11 banks to good ahantase.
The Bcthc l IIational Bank is inoluded in thh report beoause
Bethel and Danbury intereats are so closely 11lI nt1:f1ed . The
IIIILnagelllent at the Bethel Btulk 111 progressive Ollil believes in enoouragtns closer relations between the two oOllllllUnities.
It will be Doted that the eaT1118s bank deposits alone are
OTer *e , aDO ,000 an inorease of over 3250 , 000 in 1916. Thle inorease
hal been partly ilue to the inoreased prosperity at the bat industry
and the general !norease in wage Bca1es .
There aro altogether 23 , 910
banking !nsti tutions .
ilepositora!n the t ho
�,
J
I-t,IAME 0' BANK
"\)o..~'e\x\"~)\~\t).,....!j.,'
C;"\"o
T~T AI~
~ V\\C'"
.,
T OT AL
c~'f';r.~
ril... ts"~."
DI?Jli'fs
I
'A9JiL~-fI~ s RlsOo0~tF S
ZI.r.<J"v,.OD
1./$"£'35<1. ,,>,
','/'2.1 0 7.5"'1
1.r:s/'..;1.'J...O (
/ . 020. ~S;3 .3:S
2':'-0. 000.0 "
I . 07 s.l''r;.rr
2('1. _ 37.'17
1. 6ol,.t,"S.7(
('S; 3O f.0)7
2S".OOO.<JO
I"Y.I '! .... 0
.y.~.frl.ll.
~ ."".\
1)u.~'o\),-Y~ <$.\\~\'c'I\S
~
2.."'/'7·<111 .,/')
f /
:5
'r~
(}
S.S~s· 'rrl . ft(,
'rf3. 00 v.o
0
2/3. 79 3 ,2.5'"1
.f.(,-;7. /,~<v"r
.:r3.r. J,)-4.~
6.2'7· "t-!{;"'~7
J.2.I' .. ..y.l~'
/"'i'I.2.r'.6::z.
3~jJ
11 , 1-&., . ",+. ,
1 . .5'25.+o:s. Y·
13 . 2"'&.3.,.$".2.6
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF RESOURCES .. LIABILIT I ES OF FIVE BANKS. - JANUARY . I
11 '1
�•
•
•
IIABX DIRmTORSHIPS
The Direotors and offi oer s of the five banks are 8S follovi8:
The City laUanal Bank of
DaIlbttr~ .-Danbu:ry
.1 . B. Wildlran, ~reB1dent.
K. H. G-riffins. Oaehier .
Direotors
A. N. WlldnBn
B . A. Hough
C.A . Mallory
D. ll, Meeker,
Robert Yo Lean ,
A. E . Tweedy
F.R. Loe
U.H . GrU'fing
Chsrlee S.Peok .
Bational Bank4Bethel Batioll81
Thoma C. Uillard ,Prell.
John Mo earthy-Viae
Direotors
T. C. Jrlillard
T . );!c earthy
J . 11.0&8 lvse
H. Ltc Laclllan
I . H. Fanton
David Me Lean
H.J . l' . Plaut
G.R. ~111 1am8
Cbarlea D. Parke .
BankFsav1n~
I . F .Terry , Free.
H.L. Shepard.
Vioe Pree.
D~
Bank of Danbur.r+Union Savings 1IaDle.
G.)lort1mar Rundle ,Pres
Howard a . Woodman , Vica
Frank E.Hartwell , Vi,c e
~
I.E . Terry
R.L. Shepard
C.R, Yorse
Henry C. RydBr
J.licEI!! lvse
Jaoob G.lrving
'1' . E. 'rom11nsonl
'1/ . J. Niohola
John H, Bacon
Harry '1' . Hoyt
F. A . Jud
G. Mort1JDer Rundle
Homrd H. )·odd.maD
Frank E. }!artwell
Henry B. Hawley
Cbarlee S. Peok
F.B. l'eal
John B.lanton,Pr eB
Fred ' k.M . ~bomp8on ,
Viae FreB.
Luman L.llubbell,
Treas.
G. Fred Lyon .
ABet . Treas.
Direotors
Geo . B . Faircb1ld
Haward B. Soott
Henry :Berm
L.L . Hubb ell
G. lI'red Lyon
Sterling H. Fenton
John H. Fenton
Pred ' k.K. 1'hompaon
John C . Dcr.lt'Ds
James p .Doran
John R. Bootb •
~
""
=
�~~
a
II
~¥
a;
~ 6
Ill!$:
n~
~,;;:::l
!i..t ~I i; il~ ~ ~gS i !iii ••
8;8:0:
1:3 it 311'; I' 2::l8
;:;
::
~
•
�136
S tate me nt of the Co ndition of the Union Savin gs Bank of Danbury
AIIJU(IbSltifh''' '~~
,,-; 4 .1·VI,
Cf1.roJ
1'+ e';I,f"o
M on gag ~ I_ ,,_~
~poe.iu
SurplU$.
t·.... • •
,,~
Town .. nd City /'iole5
.
........>'i'.
;\Iuni";pal Hon.b
1,'1/ '1 l O),{'
..q..r.. "
Bank Build lnK
Other 11.",,1
~ ......
l'~IO!"
~1 ~~~;
• •
" .l~
Prt mi"m Aeco"n(
:; 0
#
.sol oj
"1'1 ,r
IgV- ). ./sr
STATEMENT
ASSHT s, l
~, .~. , 6J .
:::;;,OUCOllat."'I!'.ecUrilY.
8 ' ,'48·90
3.46S.11'
1 6. 8~.
R.i1K ..... d Slook.
~-.
R".II!>\.Olt,
>6$61
~':~:::\~~~~~ U> n k ,
90._·
8' ,&»,90
1,.".,.;1a,
SOO.pl ... . nd
UDdn' ~I<xl
I'rofi....
$~.67;.&98-9-I
5.l9.35oI-SJ
f6,>l P
.tJ.$!
�139
•
rom a
real tr
IlUl;l.el"
VaJ.U88
of Bouroell tho ......tOr'"'
...!l:::10D 18 giver;, that
in Ja.!lburl have
oh..~ _=oc.:;5
to ..0, durl.'E; the
paet fe-"]War • •'heBB atato4errts .:u'e b3sed 0_ the prioGe tllut
.,roport,7 haa bGt;.;:. MId tor
11._
coo;u.rel!
One reoidenoe O"TllSl' declarsa
t~v.t
'1,th for::ler 8stl:;ated value/;! .
he hae failed to csl1 hie
"'ine residenoe prol,arty lor hal! .vhs.t it cost h
9.%'e oorreot then it
It these reports
a oerto.lnl,7 tics that steps should ue
t~Bn
to prolllOte .l.I:lnbury ' s 6rowtb u,nd industrial prol):roBB Ilnd thua ro,'1vlII
rea.l GBt90te aot1TltlBB and b7 croatlns more dO:;)ll.lld 'or propert7
•
raIse r8al t1
ValUIEI .
1.lore industries should brinJ Wl influx of ",opubtl0,; ar.d
tl:tw create mar,. ·8:::0.I1d for reai1!sLoes . 1.:01'0 InduatriBB ehould
l'e&ult 1.;
the .3.1s1
...:ore
l! ~
~
Qf all real. estate valustiona •
ill oreo.te IDOre activit;> in bulld.l.!1B OOllst ....O-
triBe
tior..
... stuJy of oo:od1t10na i: ':"anbury hO'll'ever reveals tho loei!. of
o<)re otrl.n.;eIlt builH::.g
1.
gulatione.
'lory :hif oitiea in the oour.try hs.vo eo =:/ !:ace factoI'1
tlull:H"-'ba ..9 Danbury ,
•
101l£el' be
isnor~ .
niB
Uro hazard i6 a cenace 7l.!.:::
shoUld 110
O'.i1'ierll ot u:ist1nc: fiao.e !ector] buildings C:\.!lIlot
be nGked to tear tholll down , but the erection of any nore auoh
buill1in
D
oan bo
revel'lted .
lla..ubur.1 should firet decide nat portions ot the oity o.re
1II0st 6uitable lor botor;, looetion. Then a oity orUnslioe chould bo
pasood tho." l'I'ill prevent any !:lOre tilctorlee trOID
belr~
built outoide
of theoe restrioted areas .
'!'he:. an
or~lna:)oe
should be passed ;,;,hloh "ill prevent the
erection ot fl'W':l8 bu1l4in s within these industrial distriots .
~e
•
llr05ent city ordinances ree:ardillj) building construction
are as tollo'&'II :
1- City pu: its are re u.:1red tor all bU1H1no Jor.straotior.,
...- 30 wood bUildillji8 oan be erected o~ J:a1n .31. " !rom
l"rar..klin ";-'" to CJurt 3Juse for JOO :f'~ • .,Aa;.. a.:.o. <ieat
of t.hnt street , or on;
�140
•
\7hite within 200 feet of l.:!lln
~t!1te
•
400 It
"for 150 ft . on side
~entre
400
"
400
400
200
200
l.eeler
Liberty It
R. B. Ave •• "
R. ::! . Place"
Delay
"
iiut
River
Rose
I na
Crosby
Bridse
eoo
200
150
150
100
150
150
110 oity record ia kept of building pOrI:lits whioh &eer:lS
:I.
very
improper stu.te of affaire . ?hs Cbiof of the fire deptu'tment
&etimutes that about 200 building permlto \Tore g r a.nted in Danbury
•
during 1916 , 'but as noreoord was kept there OM be no accurate
statement made of bulldins operations or any oJ::ecldllg up as to
1ftethor the buildin(): rsau1:ltiono ':'lara oomplied with .
Pollowing is
e. liLlt ot the fr9.i:Je factory buildingD of Janbury
snd tbe ebowing is not one to be proud of .
l.1orlooh I!I1chlne ,larks ,
A Stralton Davenport -("prlnk1er )
Boesoh lolt(, . Co • •
P. YounS Jons Co ••
,1m. Baokus
,/0 :.: . Jennings .10 .,
~;~ i;:~~~ ~o:~ ··
•
-
(eprillkler]
,I • ., ...underland
lA."'C Slo.on
,ie. Oltl3ted
laMe tU'llIBtrone '" Co ••
3Xoelaior Laur.dry
.!loran Br03 .
,i •
•i
.
Hodahon
Danbury .le111~ Co • •
,1. E. . l!e Cor
,/hite ;;t.:Lr Laundr:l
.i.Janbury Creamer; Co • •
Union Baker;
D:lI1burj 1:i'g . :::0 ••
Charla a Jid er
Danbur; :)quare Box Co ••
g . ;.:0 Lachlan Co •• (sprinklers)
Tweedy Jilk llills . ( sprinklers )
~~!:l& J~~~ 'L~i!t;!e~o~~l ' J;;l~~;ra)
Geo.
•
l.:c Lachlan ( ~prinUerfl )
lL;perial .;llk .• orks ( Jprinklers )
Danbury 3raBs .Iorks
C. J. Jol;naon
Loei?e (-Sprinklers)
]j. B!l.rnum (Sprinklers)
lIew Dchine Co . ,
D • ."
;:: .
!to!~!lr:t C~!:~ ~~~~~~FerB )
�141
•
There has been practioally no ne~ t ..ctory construotion in
Danbury tor the pnet fe. YODXS although tbe bullUn,e reoorda of
llorwalk , ,:;tamtord , Bridgeport , and other oities of tbe ot!l.te show
great a ctivity along this 11ne .
It I s aleo notioea.ble in theBe other cities that all the n071
faotories are built either of brio" or concrete .
The ellCouraS8!:lsnt of bulldlns operations and a new impetlUl
to building c.:>nstruc";io:1 in J!lJ1bury would be benefioial to all
bUSiness interests .
Building movements in cities are more or leSEI OPBBIlOdio and it
•
1s about time that Danbury bad its turn in the direotion of a building
Clovement . IDoreaeeJlnduatrlal activit; would doubtlesB be tte meane
for etarting suer. a movoc:ent .
n.s bsnl:s are :71l1tne to Ion on land and build1ns faotory
oonetruotlon to the amount of SO, of appraleed value
a."l4
it is tbere-
foro possible tor relllt:r O7fnara to tinancs factory construotion bere
for leae than 50, of tho oaal. capital required for E1uoh oonstruotion.
The
re31.t~·
interests of janbur;r should be moboli:!:ed ana inaucea
to join -,lith the Chamber of COlllDer09 in active effort to find factorT
site btl,1ers 8lld te!lo:.ts tor faotory builaings. ~uch reaUT Is
•
considered profita.ble
in
other ooo:mmitias no better situo.ted than
Danbury .
~oh
of the succse!! of rJe77ark , rl'. J . in eeour1no industriee l:.as
bean due to the activities of 1ts realty O';fnern and operators .
,/bile bulldinc construotion oosts are hit.>her nO>1 than they were
a fa" years a,:o there is no assuranoe thllt they will be loss and
building oonstruction is prooeeding rapidly in moat other cOl:l!:lUDitles
dlop ite bifh oonstruction oosts .
1he oost of build in!> oonstruotion in :lanbury appears to bo
lO'.'lor than In IlI&DF otter 1000.11ties .
•
?ollOl'li:".f; ia
fl
t:ulldint;: materials :
liat of tho presont local roto.ll prices of
�•
DETROIT ' S METHOD FOR ENCOURAGInG ROUSE BUILDING.
The Detroit Board of Comme rce has entered a new field
of endeavor. The recent unparalleled prosperity of Detroit haa
attracted to the 01 ty thousands of men in all lines of work, and
as a reeul t within a short time the 01 ty was unable to houee the
newcomers. The situation finally reached an acute etage . Every
available dwelling in the city 'li'88 filled, and hundreds of men
were leaving because of inability to find a place to live .
•
•
•
Reali zing that t he house famine was working a hardship
on Detroit, and handicapping the employers of labor , who we re
loeing many of their beet men , the Board of Commerce , in cooperation with the Det roit Real Estate Board, made strenuous efforts
to remedy the condition. After several public meetings had been
held in the Board of Comme rce auditorium, when the results of a
oareful survey of the City's housing conditions made by the Board
of Commerce staff were prssented, a defini te, constructive plan
fo r relieving the oondition wss suggested in the fo rm of a
"Society of Savings . " The plan wae adopted .
The businees men of the oi ty have been invi ted to invest
i n a oooperative organization to supply money for the construction
of homes for working men . The plan calls for a limit of 6 per cent
profit on the capital inveated. The money is loaned out on first
mortgages for ths building of homes , and no money will be loaned on
completed homes. The SOCiety fo r Savings is being run on a savings
bank plan of great simplicity . Persons wishing to construct
homes sre invited to invsst a certain emoWlt eaoh month in the
Society , upon which they will receive a regular bank interest svery
three months . Every six months the prOfits of the organization will
be distributed among the investors. When an individual invests
t 50 or mo re, a certificate drawing 4 per cent interest, plus the
additional dividends, 1s issue d. The plan calls for no finea or
unusual features , and. the money may be withdrawn for the oonstruc tion of homesat any time .
The actual operation of the Society. incluiUng the
making of loane, began on December 4 , 1916, when the organization
opened offices in one of the large bank: buildings in the city , The
offices are equipped as a oomp lete savings bank , with cashier
windows .
On ths opening day , approximately t 70,OOO had bsen invested in the organization by the bUSiness men of the oity who Wish
to promulgate the building of hcmes . The contribution of workingmen
snd othere who wish to build homee will swell the total immediately,
and it is expected that ths effect of the Cooperative Society 1'1'111
be felt very quiokly in Detroit's housing conditions . The temporary
offices of the SOCiety were overwhelmed with applications for 10ane ,
and i t seems certain that wi th the businees lIlen Bnd home - seekers
cooperating , ths new organization will be a success from the start.
�•
PI":»
~polmne .
CEKT . 01 HO".IS ~HIP
n,ah • • • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • • •
Per Cen.t .
~
Cram Rap1da , l tioh • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4"' . 9
Oaltland , Cal . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• .e .?
POPi;,land . U!'e. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
48 . S-
:::IIllt Lak. City . Ut.Ii.h • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 4.5.1
S •• ttl!), Wa.h • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • 44.9
i~ed~~pJ;~:: ~':: .': . :
ROOhelltOr" ,
: : : : : : : : : : : : : 4e:::~. l
If. r • •• •• • •• •••• • • • • • • • •
Detroit. , Uioh •
•• • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • •• 41 .e '
Ilt . Paul, 'Jinn • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Gan IUltonio. f,u lI • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
: : :': : : : : : : : : : : : ::
•••• • •••• • • ••••••••
o=.~!~~ ' .!~~'.
~::-.
Syracuse , If. I •
Daytm . Ohio• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
.59 ."
sa . l ·
GOr"llJ'Iton , 1'& •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •
.5'1 . 15'
Lll1wQuklle, 111a • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• •• ••
315 . "
Kansaa City . £10 •
Dallon , To=rl. •
CollJD1buB , Ohio . •
Clnelrmd. Ohio"
Butta.10 , II . Y. • •
36.0 '
:56 0'7
:511 . 2'
:54 . 2·
Denver . Colo . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••
•
41.1 .
fo O. 7
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••
••• • ••••••••••••••
• • • • • • • • • • • •• •• • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ••
:sa . !
~6 . 2 ·
~~i!:~h~~' :incl : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :: ~~ :~:
s.n
Fl'IIono1aoo , Onl • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • •
Tronton ,
HBahYi11e , 'l'lnn .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B1r1111nf:htu1 , Ala •. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
".J. .... . ..... .. .. ... ...
:53.0 .
31 . 2.
:50 . 15 29.1'
: : : :: : :: : :: : : : :: : : : ::g-
n~m:rt.i.~ ·
~~hia~~. :
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 28.!~::::
~::r~~o!:"D:C :
::::::::::::::::::
~~;:rc::~~m:n :
: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ; : : ~tr
CMoalO , lIoL • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • •
N_ " "en, Conn • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
M... Bedt«'d. Conn.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
St . Lou1I1. lAo.. • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • ••
Atl4nt.a , 0.. •• • •• • • • • • • • • •• •• •• ) .
Woroeuter , llane . • • • • • • • • • • •• • •• • • •
PatlNon , K.J. . • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
lUohuond , Va. •• •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
C1no111n11t1 , Ohio. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Row OrlllCUUl . la . • •• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
t.owall , tIBaA • • • • • • •• • • • • • • • • • • • ••
PrO"l1donce , R. I • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
~::~"C~:t
!!.:: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : ::
Cabr1dga, !!O.nl • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • •
Pall R1 ... r. LlIlla . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Bo.ton , L!anA• • • • • • • • • • • •• •• •• • • • •
Ne. York , N. Y. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
•
211 . S'
"6.3 '
~::: :
215 . 0 '
24 .1 ·
24."
2 4.0 '
24 . 0
1!:5 . 2
23 .1
22 . 4 '
20 . 8 -
~~ :~:
18 . 9 _
11.8 '
11.1'
11.1,
�142
•
Pino
$pruce
CypreD&
Hemlook
Red Cedar
,.;45 per 1000
32 ..
It
'0
25
50
Fir
52
Cbetmut
50
26
,Il.ite ,load
Lath 4B~ per bunch
CS:::"Isnt ,;1 . 1)0 per bu.rrel
L1clo
1 . 60 If
"
Jhin{:;leo5 . 75 "bunoh , "oe<lar on1:7 kind Dold . "
lI'aoe
3rlok ..1.7 . 00 per thOUBanc! : . O o D! bo~bt in e,' Raven [,; BarBo .
C_'rs16ht rate 21: . 50 to 21 . 50 C. :. . )
I/at>&O paid for build inti oonstruction .
•
COlrJon Labor
ltssons
3rlek ls;'sr:;
Carpentero
Painters
Plumbers
2 . 50 per day
4 . 00 " "
4 . 50 " n
3 . 50 to ~ . 75 per da7
3 . 50 to 3 . 75 " ,
:; . 00 per dB.,..
L'l oonneotio.r. mtb 12:0
_ue~t1oD
of bnildin g oOllotructlon
attentiOll should be called to the 11101:. of oit; ord1nru,ose oompOl11njJ proper attention to the s(!.nitary plwnbl% 01 buildlnge •
...ny Dort of oonneotion
ms.,.
now be .;Bds "'it
j
the reuult that in
:factor; bulld1nes at the precent 1;1...6 very unaa.nitc.r7 and unhealthful oonditione 8xiot .
•
•
~
�143
•
erB ara
re.
al'll.l1abl!J floor ap&.ce
3".1oh
1:Ull~1Dg3
Hh !actor
1!I~1 .. t.'t18
l::t1P~b:
"'0=
tIl ")e.nbur]' 01:11 lit Ie
oU::tlfaott::rln
'ul'f0e8a .
al:-3 apaoe 8. are available
&1''1
I:ot of ..
>,lharac:ter to lllvite bU7er, or t DWlte .
The bUl ...~1.ng
411/1 III a08 &1'&Il.3.1:18
1'9 lr.'iica all on the lar&8
'H anAS follow1n.; tbis ohapter .
,{bile l)tl,I.bur j
1:cllus~r1a8
•
tber~for8
has little 1-0 offer :rrospec ive
in tJ::e wa;r of aV(j,llal:le huiHlz:.ga a.r.d: sploe the 01t7 19
rioh 111 lIe8ir Q bb factor
sitae .
A Bite to be suitable for the loostior. of lUI Inlluetrlal ple.r.t
8hou .. ~ have these
r.q'lls1t.~ :
.. - Avatlabtltt
to sewer eyat8Cl and water allll ga
3- A~:i~;~;;l!~e~~hiO~ian~:~ta to C8:ct'lr of :11
aall'l •
.r:~
to
.- .\olBstbll1ty by street 011.:: Ius to obe ~ 01
rasid_roa l'l1strlotll 0= vitbin walUn IIlstar.oe of
tHetrlots .
E- Locatiol where IirtOK9 or
•
1JQ1.<.14 1:01 .
II
offer:al'7s to
',71th t.l8Be 001l/lit 1 n8 111 View
appear to
~a
8ulte.l"le :or feotor:- us
ia 1:nil iCf.<tet1 on the
oth~r
I~ilu8trial
'~ir;>t
'7sc~t
'Joh
..r.tlf8ct~r1l'
co-II It 101"
clasa rest/lenCIl ill ~rlo1
parcals of lar./lwhtch
l::8.ve "\;a8Jl noteil u;d their location
lO]; .
Dl scripticXJu of these plots havs alao b8en 81ltersdon blanl.B
provided for tbe
~beBo
p"
rposo
IU: d
fcm part cf this report .
deaoription blanLa c"f "ff.<ctory sHaa aL.davallll.tlo 'f'uctorr
epaoo fOr:;! • perl:lW:el.t Ule wllich should be correcte" fro
time
ar.~
t 1me to
me.ir.tdr.el1 in suoh :ton as to 1Cd.rl:e ras:H17 acoess11:1e lr."omaUOlI
Of tbis k1r.d for nil otlaticlle wit?: new ir.dustry prospeot ' .
::hes8 f'actotj lIit •• form a.r. ilII.portant asset for !)Ilr.bur
u.:i 11
tba .r1clla o"!' the8e plot" car. 1:e kart /lOWZl within reeSOl thaT IIhooB
'ta tbe 'l:8ar.a for 8ec-";l"ing additionsl 1r.dustri8S .
�144
•
The aOopera.tlor. of the realt7 awr.ers Ill'll! agents should
be seoured
iI;
this I118tter and theBe parcels ehct:ld rrao""io( 11.7 be
optioT.eil to the Obllll'lbar of C OIr.Ir.erce at the lowest possible fiGUres ,
eo that those lr. oharge of the war:&. of
securl~
new i:r.dustr1ee
uy Ane. at all times Just what ths7 have to offer 1. tl:e wa7 of
factory sitae .
These plota should !lot be BIlbjeot to flUctuations in value .
At present all real estate valuations i:r. DallbUZ7 are low
't:eoaue8 of l aok of dSl'll8.r.d
•
aIld
lao", of aotivit;?' in realty tr811saotiol1e .
Thess parcels shouM 1::8 optioned DOl':' , eo that wher. other
realtr values riee through the inorease of Ini\ustrlal .rowth in the
city . fUrther effort to secure industries 11'111 not be har.Uoapped
br prohibitive prices asked for faotory sites .
suoh a situation baa baer: created in othu oomI!lU1l.1tiea tbrough
lack of foreSight or over greediness on the part of faotory eite
ewere .
Pontiao . l:ich . waulcl have hail the great Ford "otor
71or~ .
if
sO!r.e of pontiao ' s land ownere had not meile their land valuatior.e
rohUitive .
In the chapter relatillg to "City :Pl8.I:lling" oertair.
Dtl'~aUons
are made as to defillillg apecit1c inilustrial zonee ar.d llrobU:1tir.g
•
the erection of faotory l:uilcl1nge elsewhere except Irlth1l" tlese
01str1ota .
If eucb a plan 1e followed the factory a1 tee with1n theee
restr10ted d1stricts ere certain to be ocoup1ed sooner or later by
faotory
bui~ill8e .
A plan of th1e kind w1ll be found of benef1t to all the
interute of Danbury as is fullyexpla1ned it: the C1ty 2l8l'lJl1ng Chapter .
\1hlle the average value of fum aoreags in Fa1r!1eli! County
1s the highest in the state . real estate Valuations in nanbury at
ths preaer.t time are not high. Th1s 1s aspeo1al1l" true of faotory
•
propert;r whioh n;ppaars 't a ts now at the 10\11' ebb 1n pr10ee .
�145
•
Of ooure8
he l"rloe of vaoant faotory sites varies aooot"lil"g
to looatio) but there are a nun:ber o! pl ots a.(Ijolnlv;, railroad
fl~re
treodg. that oar. be purchaseil for as 10. a
88
"10 . ... 0 per
"'rant foot up to ,60. 00 per f:ant foot with detltb rang-in
to 300 ft .
ACreage prices run frolll ".800 to
froID 100
500 pBr aore .
Baru:1ng lllen have stated to tbe writar that fectory propertlea
at 10r08(1 e81e have brought 88 low 88 one tenth of their eetir.lated
velue .
If this 18 the case it \'lOuIe! appear that the prsaent 1s a
•
Clost favor..bla time for the Chember of Commerce to
~ecure
ortioDe
on available faotory sites .
It 1s dttfiolllt to Bscertain the proa8r.t rer.tlng vEolue of
faotorr floor apaDe in -'anbllry. In most oities of this size floor
space Ie 1"Bnted at
Ii
f1:J:8d prioe per square foot par r8ar . ""8"
1>:..n't:ury tDaJ:.u:t'aoturers , not owning their
OJ
suoh
tl
OWl"
'l::uillJings rent space
'l::asis.
The
von
(:9.1 Eat :;:0 ., p&;ya
1800 p8r ;year for appro:ril".ate1;y
2"1 , 000 sq . ft . whioh amounts to 'It¢' per eq . ft .
The 1 ational :::leotrio utilities corporation rer.t
squar'l feet in a frame sprinkler protsctea building at
•
4 , 000
1200 pel'
yesr whicb is equivsle::)t to 30/ per square foot .
The nanbury Printinp- Co. , occupies ahout 25 , 000 sq.ft . pe . . . i118
2100 per yoar rontal or lOt per squsre foot.
There is 4600 sq . ft . availo.ble i7: the 1V08 "!'look. whioh oan
be rot:tea for
)~OO
The lIo;yt
per 78tH" which gives a rate of 201 per squsro toot .
eesOLI;I:er CC . , rants eotne space to ter.a.nto with
powsr.
The niamor.a Hat Co "
Hill .l Loper
~o •
Davellport rut power with their floor space.
• lUla A. ,heltor.
':'/bat pr1ce per square
foot they are P&:;1l:g for rent ar.a what price for power
•
sa;;.
110
on8 oan
�Hr. Henry N. Fant on, Secre t ary, Chamb er of Commerce , Danbur y , Conn.
THE FAIRFIELD COUNTY
FARM BUREAU EXCHANGE
Published Monthly by the Fairfield County Fann BureauVOL. 2
NO.5
NORWALK. CONN.. JUNE. 1917
HAPPY PIG CLUB MEMBERS
Good Laying Hens
\
Selected by External
Characteristics
ro::,,:,~·w ·;~:";;;~,;~,~:7\:b:;:;'r~';:;
1,,1,1 O! 'bo , .,," of .I \,.J. f:.IJ",w"or
lIi,I...,I;<'Id. br Mr, Ho)" K Jono •. t;x·
,"Ug,,,,,
Poultrym ..".1
A~rir"lt"r.1
eoll.~",
,h~
(;.,,"ooti.,, '
who ..,hy
J on", .. u~I" to in,."", tho""
Mr.
1"." '"
).ow '0 ""I..el Ill. ~OO,\ layo" 01 ,b.
I"''''''.'' flock by ."to<nat eh" .. o,o.;.t
i<•• aud al.o '" ,I ," reoo,,\ of Iho two
"""'""""" \"" 1"'''0, ·'Choir.' · .",1
"C"II," f'" tho /'''' 32 day" foll,,"-·
;,,~ .h . ,lemon,I,.H,," An,1 'he ..,10<
,i .n of 110,."" ,~.• p,'n, loy ~!.. J .. """.
I'oultrymen ... ill I><' ~,oatly inle,o.1
,·,1 I" th o 'abto I'rin,",1 below, whi.h
;:i,· •• 'h~ '0<0,,1 of .... h 1'''" f,om J ~ n.
11th 10.I! n)· 23,I,in,I",;ve, ""<i "'hi"b
~'f e~~';:'I~:,::.,I":';~h:~ :,1;" .:~,:.:.~,e.. 101":;0 I:~~~l":' acl:,\::;~{:t.,:)h:~: i~~~ ~:I ~j;I;~t 1~'.~;i:;'II~::,:,,~: :~:
J"u" ..... ( 1l1hon )
...l
·~·"b ·"
Ma"b
April
May ( t" 23.1)
An,1 ~i". who lea,.o j".t 'oe"i,· ..llbci,
pi;:..
Of
'h"y a"" ",.mbe,. of
tho H~y .' "",I Gid.' I 'i~ Cluh fo' that
CO"OI."
Of <~"''''' cR,h ooy ," Ritl ,i~n. ~
_ _ n"l~ ~~.....,i"R 10 "'I'"y ,1.6 money, with
1'~6
inl<,,,.! a' .ix I"" ccnt ., out of .b.l'......
th" ...10 ot tho !';~., i1> in·
r.a'~1I> .. 0.... ROO,] ,Ido bel l"
'1.0 0"'''"' 10
I07.~WI I"",,, how to do hu,;nc .. with " l,.,n~,
17G 0lll.'" a ndglv ••• "". . . .1 ' ",llOn, ibilily Ihat
."u,..
."",!. ,,/
I!~ ~!:: i. ;~:'\.~~":i'~~;;O"'1
d~,i..., to join Ih" 1'1" CI"b "nd ' 0 h"y
8 pi".
Tho .. l'i~. will be ",·,il.hl.
hy \loG timo th. Ch,h O.>(Ilimo", I,
<~ ml'lete
Cou"'y Club I ...,~,l",
.1"1.. ",,. will n"."~. fo, ,Ii, ld!>"llo"
And 'ho makin~ of I""n,.
If y~" knQ"" M any boy o. gl'l who
woulol lik. 10 en roll loll him 0' h..
Abe " ' 'he I'ill Cl"b "n" to w,i'e to
~·$i"i.t.1 Co"nly ,'"'m BUTeAu t ••
"nrollm",,' 1,lank.
."d
tI,.
""
l
H."k ot H'i,lge. Ir,T::
,t;;'/:n~;);llm=:,:I·'I~:.,:t J:~~ ~:'k.
Farmers' Dairy
Ridgefield Boys'
Company Lets
Potato Club
Building Contract.
(Con,;""edonl"goTh""l
�T
!U)WI'U :J X !t 1I 1' !i H !I !'
JOtl' d . I ,£N£J O.:;J a 'l !i ldHl l'd U II.L
�Tlfl ' Jo'A 1RJo'l R I.D COUNTI' I "A RM Jl U RUAU 1>XClf,I N CT>
0" 110" fir.t floor ~' m be n
room, 8 eold .'o'"g<'
"'a,bl"~
Ix>ttl~
room
r","<kn.~ Ihe w"np,,'"';'·. mil~ [,Iant
Qf n~~,ly WO fO,tno,. of thl. eounly,
momt:... •• of Iho Fa.me •• ' lhi.y eo""
I""Y, will ShOltly n .. on .100 oit.
. nd ,,11 01100" who wi.h 10 ,1I.eu.. milk
"nd ",il~ l,rodu<h. 10 Mono.li.n witl,
Ihi. will I>e II lalxl'Mory whOto every
batoh of milk ", •• h·od wHl be .ato"
IOM'ing Ihn ".klm
'hat. Thor. i. no
]l<'rt '. ~o'OI",."t;'·o
tho in"piration for
<100",," nl th. 00'""' uf North ",'on"o
n",1 Oo,lon,1 OI""t.
\'o.ler<l"y the
.onl"'et 10. Ibo oo,,"!rutli"" 01 th.
buildlnll was 'a wald",1 to 11'0 T. J.
l'aroly Co •• imcUon company,
Iho
b"lldi"~ 10 00 ("·... '<'<1 al n 00,1 of '00,.
fully ",,011 ..,,<\ by Rn .~P"rt 01'0"';8"
Tho buil,Ung i. to be of two . to!i •• ,
7~ by 116 fool, of ",HI <onOim.lion.
\\'Hg<>n. of tAmt... loa,IOO willo Inoo",.
Ing 'nllk will unlo.d M tho plMIQfm
i" 11,. rOAr 01 Ihe building "n 'ho cast
kin<l lilTougl.ont :>ew .;n~lan,l 80<1
"'n"Y oth~r .,.t ... ~n,l i! I. l.>e1l"v<X\
tr.nt 'he I~'n' ... 01 lid , .ou"'y •• "
[>Oi"' wi,h pridolo an ""hionmonl of
mo", Ihan. otnlo-wido i"'po,u •• e, and
One ,1".Unoo, pc.1oapa, 10 ,.'·olunont""
",ilk" "nd littlQ of
doubt tbAi lI';'\go.
plant will ",TV. ao
mMy o,~e ... of II.
:ki:,~d al~~~~1 ";:i:'I:;1.9~~.·3~:: I::~ n:~u~,~y 1~:li~::~li::g::',:~I~:I: ~:,t~:::~·:;~:;~~:i·;~~I:~:'~ ~\1:~nt
�~OU":') ul .Jolo~.) JloH "''''I """"'I
·I,",SO, ..<I O<J 01 I~lIvI ~'11 '1""1 .".,1
~
.... ,,"' "I .,~, ...... '1I "I"' • V\' '~I"I
pII"O,. . . . . hl~.'l .." ....1 liu"l
J,nOIJ,O:.lINNOO NI
""',
:.::,,:~ ":l~ ·:l:~'!'~~ ::~'~:I!~~~l~: NOIJ,OnaOHd JIHOd :~ I!~l ,~,:';I'I:!~,;":'".i"~~::;.~:'"
. . . ,.!"'o.....l!V U"!,,"O":{
~
·....lI "I"'~I"',,'" '~0ll"" '.I~lOwll
.,,0<1 0111"'\ ""
'O~'~~M sollo", 00 '~II1""b ,0<><1 .I.aA 10
.AI".lj>
'!r .~,
~1'101
hl'I'I"1I
',oool! ""I" oJ n" 10
~.!l"'" "1'1' • ~'! ....... ,.. ~II" 1"1U1
')I:)I.\UI.LfiOEl· !) NII~Yr"":H1
8! l.~ .'"8
'1"'
-t \1 ...."1..1 "'.''1
f.~r!~~~~~~~~~~:~~ g~~~~~4.:i~~~fi¥ :~~:;:~~:.=~:::::~~~
"'1'·\7: 1'~:~~;n~~I':I"~~I:/"~"JI~:!
'<]' II' ..:'i";; ~:: :!'::I::~:~!::. ~::~~!"':;.~
q,,. ...
jO.1".U.OOAO(' "''0
, ..... ,•••..,. ·....
;=! 17~ I'~~='I:'~ ;~:~o:,::.. !;. ;0;,11 "o~q t'>:~~-;!~ 1::~;::~n'l ~~. .n1.~ ;::O=I~'~~ ~'~:'~P:!.!":~'o-::
.'lnl'!I"'II...
:~~:\:~"I !::,;
-eod 0JI'II' 1'""
ll.' ...... do'"U.l"
OJ
O, ... ~I" ....A• • O .. OO('I
I
·... II!!
j ·... !I'nlod
••
I-t'lll. .o.l.l.j••O.{
' 'II,nl
.:.!.10.:',I'"o:t:I.,:::.,O,I:,~:::~;I VJ:~:' :·o:.o~o;:~;:~:· I:: i~!~ · :"'..~.I'%I:I:I ;;;~~~:Ir:..~~ ';~1~
"W .... ~, hl,(,o ...
.~, ".do.~.
1"<1 In 1_' 0, 1'.1·11' I n:}-JU1.i
',_,
::::::~~~:~o~~jJ~~g;:~~o
~~~\t;; I~;~':;"::t {~"S~~1 ~;~::'~~;:~~p ~~~~i:~"'~~~f5Ti::211;~~~:~~~
nOll .od. _I e'Gt
' ' 1 l,.u
pool!. 011In'.1
oq 1II~
0'1 ~'6t!ri
1"""1
11"'"
Ill"" 1"'"' 11' IU
~Edl~':~:::i~O:~;~~~i:,~~~J:.:~~~~ ;:~ ;:; ~.;; ;';1 wool'l ~1~I:t~:{"' ;~~::~~il~:;~~:~;r~:.~;:~:€:~~
.'11 ","'l0"'ln,o'~UIP'~"I
"II'" I
,'.~ ...\01:)
ov""",,"W
".OA
v.~
fI
~~:;';~'~S~I,:~:;~:~~;I:~~:~::~ :::: : : :::: ::.~.q ~o:\~ ~~::~~){ A·nIV:.lI~VH J,no
'''V'
".'1.1
.101 '1'''.''''
'l'O ' "I'OU"uo", t'n U' I
POll
"W,du.
",.,M III'" ..
odm
'l1ul'u, ) .... 'o'"j O~I 'III'" ', ....: '!q.1
£'8£!r~
w ..
il!),"YII "X~1 !11' ilH{JU IOI Y" .(.J, ....'10 0 O 'I Y l;IlH y,r !UU
�DYKST RA KORNDYKE TORRET 3rd
An ... "",,1111"'1 T"o-\·Nf.())d 11...-., .... ~ by S. 1_ , ... ".,..,., ••
'9'"
~h. _ _ ~
•· ... h.ne<lll«."'bc. 1<)Ih. ' 9'6.
I''''''~
F..... 1< . . .fi.1d. Coo •.
,•• ,. J.... ' ... ' 9'1·
;f1~~~~{~f;~~{~~:~~~~I ::;;~i~~~~;:~~;'~~~~~ ~:f~:~i~~~;t~:~{~~
lU •• ~ ,l II'hi,o l!,...~,,, o>t J.,"~ 7.h. '., rni1~ l',oiI"<II~" Ilol~ hy 'h' n~,,~. '''II th_ , . "".'" who.., 0.'"1""''' '00
"'oll,,w.:
Ckombo,.f eo .......... 00 .... th _ ... ,'0 t.;. ,.o,k "","",Mo.
,...I •• , .....,." •. ,.......:."!).
d.' ", •• ," U
-..><1 of -I07~ of ......,. ."••••• , ... """"1:*110' ,0' ARE YOU A Ml':MBER ARD RIJB.
milk. 11_' lb. b"".. I. ...... day", ,. ,hi
milk 1.,I••"y ~r X....
IC,UBllaf
It -ot. "'•• h.n bo II"" 10 ", ••
I,,,, oft« ,he .... ..,", ,1'"0",;",, ..1 t:n ~I •• ,1
"n ~.;n;n;, "",II .ho " .. hOI' II,.
Ih. ~,"n' .hnOR" In ."",11·
'1'1', ;•• 11"" """'. 0". ,lollar, 0'
"""'.')"'1"'.'''' ",",k to, milk. 0",1 ,. ,lono,ul>e<i.llr'n ,"ItI'""or'''''"01lon ,·hi.b 'itly <0"1> 10 in ]",."'on' of ~
~. _ _ ~I"~ a ......H,' .'a" 0'. "".. ] .....,., a "" ... au'\"Or I. 0•• bo;0l(
'h,
II ..... "
offlrlal
I" .. ' ..... ' 181H I.... , .............. , :x....:.~I ..d .... X. . . .::......1:<'. will .. a\o ,.~ a ,.b.. rlbt •.
mjl~. 1~.1 11,. I",no..
T_ • .,,,,,,"" l·~,k 01....
0" \\,,,,1...,,.,. OK.I n ....... _or mol ",,,.flU.
..II,·, fro.h",i"1l .ho .... KO'"II 10 ,..11 Th"'o<l.y, Juo. '~\ h ...1 I~'h.
n..i.~ ......."'....;n 1'1 ... you , ..
II", I, " ~.•• 1'"' 0,""" "R,, ;n for
n. ('. Whil • . I·.M. I!. .'. J",lkl" •• ",1 0\0"" 'ou,h "I'h ,b.
O'~. D
." ,1 .1'" 1"•• I,,"nll IU.~.l 110. bulter • .II •• 11. M. M,I"Io".ld 0/ 'ho C."",·.,I· I""lio" .. hl,h I. wo.kl"~ in <I".. '0'
~.""U 110. milk.
110. '!jro ... f~. , h. 00' AI<"I ... "",ol ('011,,1;<', 0"';01"" lor 01",... 1.... ",hh th. r. >l ])'I.. "m'~1
.,· ....1 ..".,.,.,-..
1 0",1101.1 lh._.,,.OKo.lviol'f'<I,I,,,,,,, ..
'\~.I<-.It" .....,1 , ••
C........ 'iou.
II>. .... k.1I:'O lb. I",,, ... o.d t~ ••• fl.. r<-r .....,..'ln ,101.,. f . . . . . . . .t eolleV of '\ll"io"II"," I, brl.xl"II' •
• 'i,,1 m •••• J83S.n lb... Ilk. 83.111 1l,.. 'h....... y, .M . lnl.~ ,......, tho .. ,u,. aU I"""" I.,.·, ••• ed i. 'k,I".l'u",
·'"'I•••,f.' •••
T_ .....,I'Il''''''',,''
omo'.'
.",,«
)I,
'''I''
I)". ,.
i."
ro",
"0,1. ,............. ,' ..'1.....
'<'ol,'"
1',.'.
""y_
."'Ill
ono ..,"'"
,·,,,,·.t
<1,-, ..
:.:~~~·;I'~·:;~:~"~,~~:/~::.~~·.!:':!~ I~~;:~I;~~::;::;II~::!i~~;;::«~~710;:~~~ :!:.~o<:~~~:,~::;~.~~~~~:?'~·:~~"nn~~::
10".. ,,·~o... ~""' t oh...- dj.iow. l)~nlli' l( durin. 'h~ r-Ol 1"". X.t tboo'r, L", l'.... i~. I. ,I.. th~
. . .h,.,,JooOl_''''.
In••
d.,. k.. ""'. "bt.l.ed ",.--.", • •, 1'. . . II.. ~. . . .n.k.
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In Paterson , L . J . bulld ing owners chargs 5~ per square foot
additional .... holl
oiTor 1e .... upplled to tenants witt. the rent .
I t ie Bafe to state that tt.e t<Ost desirable kind of faotory
:Uoor spaoe oouU be rented in ..Ill.i.lbur;y for 25( to .,01 per a:.uare
foot "Nitl! heat .
illere is no standard of ~'roperty va.llUtioDe in Danbury .
Ilo sto.ndard. she o:f' bulldlnt; lot a hac been adopted and the oity
1s not plotted into lots . _ or t.his reason there is no DlWj
for
oomparison of valuee I.Illd th'ere is a {,reat differ8!'lOe of op' tnlon
among r8al ty men on this subject . Ho property owner in Danbary
•
really kno'l'i'D what be 1s wOrth.
H 18 BUt:U;estad that tbe realty interests of Danbury Join
bands for their O\7n ber-at'it to reach
values •
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�DESCRIPTI"IM 0'
-
R~DINSO!1
PLANT- DflN • flY C1NrFCTlCU'r.
fi atory ractory b~lldinE 35 x 151
2 at.ol'1 riroproof bl iC' w.rehoul e
2 2 awry rrar.:e bulll!ine;a 32 x 45 and 22
x
9)
1, acrea or propert.y (2 aCNIa l.net , 14 lake)
&J horse wat.er power .
The l "ke , or pond, raf rred t.o wll 1 f'urniah
water p"wer a8 entioned to operate t.he ract.:>ry t.he greater
portion of the Joar. The dam and tlu:ne aro 1n fair c,)ndit1on
at t.he pre.ent. ti e, and would require only a ema il expendit.ure
tor rOplirt'.
Thill wll.er power could be utll iuc1 to e:reat. ad vantage by inat.alling the t.urbine syst.em and genera tine your own
aloctricity .
The bu1ldings , exceptil18 a8 t.o the interior , aro in
f'1rat - olull o,)ndition . 'I indow slasa has recently beon replaced whereever broken , and walls anC! cornices repaired and the brick wor;' ropo intod.
•
The int.erior haa not been repai r ed t.o any ext.ent for
t.ho reuon that t.he natul'e of th.e Nlpairs w111 depend larsoly upon
t.he 1'8 uiroment.a of the tenant.. Such repairs , howevar, would bo in
the nat.ure at n"w flooring and st.airway. and ot.her eo,:,dan fitting •
rOQuired to lllake t.he bulldil18 su it.abl e for any oarticular lino at
b\leinaell.
'l'ho Ol18ine is in fdr condit I on, but. the bollers
would probably havo to be replaced.
Clf coW'se only a careful inspection of t.he bulld.ina will reveal Ju.at what change. are necellsary, but. in a general
eay wo have eet.1lIIated that. from throe to five t.hou.8il.nd dollarll wil l
be required to place t.he plant. 1n rlrst. cla88 eondit.1on .
Tho proport.y eM bo pW'chased at a reallonable
fiture or lealled at. a low rental . Whlle there is no 8leUng, thero
18 an opport.unity to eeoure ono, ae the land abut. the lInea of t.ho
eent.rel New EnBla'\Cl ra11road . Tho propert.y 18 e1t.uat.ec1 closely to
t.ho rOllidential eection, convenient. for t.he hou..ina of omoloyooe ,
and 18 aleo cl080 to t.he t.rolloy line.
�Descrlpt.lon ot Robineon Plant- Danbury, Conneot l cut.
5 story tact.ory building 35 x 150
2 at.ory t lreproof brick warehouse
2 2 a t.ory trame build inga 32 x 45 ilnd 22
:l
90
15 acrel! of property (2 acrea land, 14 l ake)
80 torse wat.er power .
l't>e 'ake , or pond , referred to w111 f'urn19h
water power os mentioned to operat.e the rae tor y t he
great!;.r portion of the yea r . '[he d.am and flume are I n
fai r c"n::1i tion o.t the present. time , and I·ould rt.:quirc
only « slIiIlll oXpond!tUI"(: for rt''(1!lirs.
l'hls 'Ratsr power could be ut111ze~ to gruat a~
v a..n t age by Inat1lIUng the t ur b ine eyste..... &nd generating
:le ur own e laetric H,..
The buildings , excepting as to i,he interior , aN)
In f ir st ohos condition . :l' lndow ;,:l SM l1ss recently been
r epla ced wherCllor brol(cn, Il"d wallR and corn i cef repaired
and the brick work rep.::inte ... .
The interl.)r ha!!; not been r epaired to any extont
for the reason that tl'e nature "f t.he repair!! will depend
ll\rgel:; UpC)D t.he reqlJiref":ont~ ::of tl'>e ten'1nt. Sucr rep"ir!'!,
however, lIo..ll::1 be In the rulture of n~lI flOuring IilM stairways ",nd ot.toer """den fttt1nc~ requ trett t.o IMke the bu1lding
suitable f or any l"!lrt1cular line "r businees .
The ens ine it In fa 1r con:l 1t lon , but t.he bo ile r s
woultt probable have t o be replaced.
') f CCl4r!e only" c!l. r e f u l In l!lrec t.lon of the build ine; . 1l~ revea l jus t. .ha t changes are necessary, but In a
general way we have es t. iIl".ated tha t from t.hree t.o fIve thousand. do llars will be re':lu i red to place t he plant. 1n firs t c l ass
oend lt1 "n .
The property can be purchased at 8. reasonable
fl t;ure or leased a t a low rent.al. Wh ile the r e 111 no Siding,
there is an opport.un ity to BBcure one , 8.8 the land abuts the
•
~~~~=t:~ ~~~8;~~t.~1 t~:w r~f~:~~i;~~;~~f~on. ~~n~!'~f:~;Yf;;
heuslne: of employeee , and 11'1 als o cIo ee t.o the trolley line •
the
�lITh, (Ijti;J ,NIIMo",tl'JDank of )ilanlm'll
l!hmb"ry.q;om •.
JUI'".6
11, 1S10.
)I:,. D. :>. Icvc.la;,;.,
';ecr·;t:::..ry,
: ... :.b r 1 C.. ....:..t,,,r of Cou.ercc,
D....::.ourj', C".:r.
:>.:tar .,1r:
flelo'" ;pIt/dole !lr..t .j.j.!::Q;':.<l:Ol'11i .. i f ... c..Gr &.. rfa.,;". u~ ~ •. to ti . .;;. ~ .. .:. ... y I,,~to!'y t ... ~l. ~s n;;;.'II' ur.".;.,;1..<.,1".;1..
III 'this I-,ro..,_rty are thrd& B.;I~:er .. , ar.
Engine, Shaft.r.!, T1flir.e:" a Spr.i. .. ;..:;.er 3yutelr:, at .. ott;.
Tt cClUli bll <J.lvl.J.liIlJ. eo a3 to be ua,;i by suvolr ...l J:ar ha.
your
11~t
WClulJ. bo r.1E1a\laJ. to l:ava yvl.. r-':"a':lI this c..n
(.II u.volil:.bls 1,1\'; Lo..:.nga.
RSilr-ectf1,;.lly j'cur;"
HOLI i:Y '" "II LJi!AN.
tiy
ANlic.
e3. • .,r:.fl1':'" !.r.;;luJ!.r:g PartitiGn& -
~
~
1:""a3 • .;It; ft
8,2/;1\1 •
.. I...\. Floor
3rd floc::-
"f..atit.Gr.s
To t al
sa, ........
\
�Dale_.....
__________________________19 1
Addre»: No._ .......................... __ .... _... _
N"'Wh" I",,,.e<'i"'S""" .
_~~
Ward _______.___ -'-__________---""'0"
-
II
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f
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II ~-~-
L'i..... y
II
-
IILi
DESCRIPT I ON
Character of Building: __ ..
__
i"'Y..~ -..d:__ ::_!J:"!:!~!L_
Railroad Siding: ...
Water Froot : .. _.. ____ ... _._ .. __.___ .__
... _.... _._ .... _ ... _. ___ ......
Power Plant: ·--.....-.......·-..-.-...-.----.... -........-._ Electric Power :.__ .
Live Steam:
What Floor : __ .____ ._~. __._._______.. __________ .____ ... ___ ~_ .. _
_
Capacity of Floor :- - - - - - -..·-.. ·~~-.---- ..-.-.-._. 5quare Feet ... _ _ _ _ __
Elevator Capacity: _. _______ .____ .. ___ ._.. ___._.___ ._... __ ... ___ ...... _....... _..... _.... _____ .___ .. _ _ _
(ovo... )
��Dale ...
FACTORY BUILDINGS
LOCA TION
Address:
Nearwhallnlersecling Streell:
O EseR I PTION
Size of Plol ' -~ .. ---~---.--.~.~~-~--.---------~~ .. ~ ... ~~.~ ....
Character of Building : _ _ _ _'!:.!.L_~
___________
Railroad Siding:
Waler Fronl:
Power Plant :
..... _.. _ ... _.... ___.Electric Power :
Live Steam: .
Square Feel:
No. of Floors:
Capacity of Floors:
Elevator Capacity :
Previously Used as : _... _.. _...... __ .
(ov,...)
�DESCR I PT ION
Character of Ground: __
R.il,o.d S;d;".,.z7a •.
W
-.---------.. __. __. . ._., . .
~4';P!?'1q.,d.> ;I~..d..: /£<>P
~ atcriront- H ow much:
On
whn t :
Surroundin8DeveIOpmcnl;~..~.. "Y.... .r:t:..a.~
Square Fect; .......... i.'?oP .
•
Street
F.ronla8e;J.1CLtt/t?._ ri.~., __)P~...¢2...loo#,
Will Improve for Lease _ .. jf.;A)"......._..... ...... _...... _
(ov .... )
7'-----'
_.
�t1
BROKER OR OW.NER
N,m, , ~ _. __ ::jQ~
J elephone
... _..._....... __ .._._
: - ..- ...REMARKS
•
•
��Danbury, Conn ., June 13 , 19113
Mr . Bulkely, of the Denbury News,
'phoned to-day
in regard t.o Mr . Dork in of the Crescent Candy Company,
Bridgeport, who was seeking a location for his establishment .
'r. Dorkin called at the office and after finding
out reqUirements, looked over our list and decided t.hat
location at corner of Ives Street end Postofflce Place
would suit best.
Secured Mr. Cooper and he, Mr. Dorkin and
myself looked the property over i and Mr.
Cooper offered
to rent i t for $75 per month, and to take down partitions
and clean it. up and make it otherwise suitable for the
....,
bUSiness .
I.!r . Dork in stated that he would call upon Mr •
Cunningham regarding freight rates and WOuld let us
knOll'
within a fell' daYB his deCision.
DANBURY CHAMBER OF COIOlERCE
Daniel D. Lovelace, Exec. Secy.
�r
"""
,,'.one
Wil'llS - f our story frame ilUlldl1'1B. 40 :x 280 ' ; at the corner of
t he 011 - a. four s t.ory brIck bul1dlne; , 40 ' S x 40 ' 6; ahort three
0' 01'1 build i nc 40 x 125:; two story 40 x 106:; three story 40 x 187.
straight way 40 x 280 , at an a.ne;le .
:3rlck powsr house . 64 ' S" - 93 ' :; Basement under 0I1Blne .
13rlck at.ore house . 55 x 5::> , one stOl'Y .
artice brick bulld1ne. two etorloo and attic , 36 x 39 .
At the appex of the 011 - a lachine shop on the north alde ,
~O ' 3n x 40 ',
On tho east end of tho 40 x 280 -,ullc!ine extending north
ono story add1tion , 65 x 81 -
f!'L'lle
constructIon .
ConUnulna
further north 8. shipping roon . 20 x 40 one IIt017 j plll.tform from
IIhl!l!>lng room to ra11road a1d1nt .
Four - 330 H. "F . Horizontal '1'ubular Boilere .
'l'Wo l~a"l':llton Corlllls "mglnc8 .
22 x 42 direct connected to two CroCKer- Wheel er Goneratore . 400 K. B. A.
wIth co!'",plete auxiliary equipment .
Sprinkler Bystern t1l.rouahout
shup .
25¢ per hundred for tltree yenrs .
•
....
JWitch1ng service f'rom ra1lroad w1thout charge •
16-,:: nares all told. .
p(L ~/ (lor (>,~c)
�15 0
,lb1le the cost at 116ht aoes not represent a large 1toll!
1r. tbetotal of oTGl'bead maJlufaoturlr:g oOata , ;yet it is
wort~
Ii
subjeot
of oOT-aHiert-ticll , ana it is of advante e to DBlll:url that a
mu.nufe.otl ret'
1.~
for eleotrio
l1~t .
O~
'this cit
sect"re a. !'sta of
fj
cellte,Pel'
For var:;' BII'.all cOJ::8Ul!Iptlon In:ch as for rC",ilSer.cBI;l
. w. b .
h'" r .. te
runs 89 high 11.13 12 oante .
'I'ha Babeaul!!) rate "01' electric light Is as follows ;
First
re~
•
igg::: :?
».U:.iJr.uI:I
II
7</
II
400 II"
Allover
61
or.th1r bill
5'" aiaooWlt
The Dall't:ury 4:
. ,/. I2¢' per _. ,i , TT .
100
100
OI:
~ :;~::
n
0'
""
"
0'" ,
1. '<:' .
HUa i t jQid b7 15tb .
ethd :;88 &: :lectrlc Ught Co • • p'O'91de
moat satisfactory aervioe both Be to electrio light aId gc.s _?r
~lght 1.ng .
ll::>ok1ng ar.1 bldustrlel PU:-p08BB .
The gao rata baaia is
~1 . 35
par tbouaar.1l: teet . but certain
a isCOllJh IU>terlally re4nee thia rato . Thera 10 ar. 1nit1al ollarge of
1 . 7E per mo._th or. each bill rugart"Ues& of the ~oUZlg of ga8 used •
• hen there 18 a c!lnrge at
•
cu . ~ .
1 . 05 p~r tbouoand to!' the fir t 51"l , '='OO
108810'" disoount . thor. on cor;.sumption over f(\OOO ft . 1:or
l.i , the rat. drops to BO oerta .
A oonstu:!S T ueina 60, 000 oubia ft . ,sr
or.th \TtIuld ttorofore
sscuro " rate of 9':.- 2/3 cBl:ta per thousand as fallon :
nitial OODSUmer<l oharge
'lirat 50 JOO
1 . "'= 188S 10-"
text la , 0
BO! losa lcr"
D1vIdei! by
1 . 75
7. 25
~
56 . _0
0 a.be a rate of 9 ..- =/;. oertt .
A r.u.mbe!' of b: t car:uf'6.ctur'ra I!l !)enbur7 US6 .. lar-ge amour.t
of gaa fOr tho 1r
•
s:cu!act\:rir.
roOOJS88 ar.d $Or.!(l of t e
uee f'lr.ol1gb
to seCUTIl a ratll bslow BOI per thousand .
1(0 matter how muoh gas a mar.ufaoturer 1n tew Yori!: city ness
(I
O8Jlnot obtain a rate below
801.
�151
•
be l)aJlbur;,' l Bethel Gas &' 31eotric Light Co •• maintain
OTe r 65.,1188 of gaa zr.aiI:.e , CO'1er1r.g a greater part of the to'Wr.S
of l)8.Lbur; ani! Eetbd . This O0ll'p8ny consumes 6eeS tone o:!' bitwninous
ooa1 ar.iI 1'165 tote of anthracite ooa1 annually.
,:;8S
ta
uaail L. Dacbury for a variety of ir.tluatrlal purpo~eB
as is 8Xplaix:eil more fully 11" the chapters relcl.tir.
to various
i:niluetr18s .
I t Is used by the 'Danbury L:fg . co • • for pressing at a cost
of
250 per year .
The Danbury Tr oy !Anndry co . , USB gBB for some of their
•
•
•
equl~ ent Ill1d t?ink their flat rate 01'
15. 00 per month is too bigr. .
�152
•
~lit.
pel'
J.
'\rt1f't:::tl
•
..
1.
1.
1.
1. 0
l.'
1.!
. 1.
1.
1.
1•
1.
: 0
• 1
•
1..
• \.'4
. 10
. 15
. 10
.1
.1'
016110,
'.l ~oo
•
.
,£8.
: J
. 5
. Ii
.. J. •
�153
7.he
be in
!l
88',,"81'
hig
an1 garb8.fe dlspoesl s7steo of .uanbul':r sppoa.re to
atatl of elfioi •.col
~d
there ars no oOlllplsints sa to
the sanltal'7 ooruHtion of thll cit,. flJ:Cflpt a8 te the .:>t111 3.1ver .
IbU. 8t1pFOsedly no se'''aro.ge Is !I.l.l(Y.fed to run Into t.h1a
stream ,yet i t 1s imposelble to prevent ita use to some extent and
it takes much of the sarface dralnaga of the oity and In in a more
or
lOBI
Wlsa.nitar:r ctsts 8speolallj in the BW'!Illsr .
As Ions as it remaitUI unoovered or In its preBont Gourlle it
•
"Ifill oontinue to be practioally an or-en sewer and Wl Wlsightly soc1
useless 81a aore to the 01 t.7 anil more or 18B8 of a menSQ8 to publlo
healtt.
l'ho possible elimination of this objectionable atream Is
oonsidered 11. n .• o}-.apter 0'::: oit,] plann1nB •
• sewer map of tbe oity ahanng the relation of the SII1'I'el'S to
the industrial plante aoooll:i'anloB this report .
~erta1n
lut:;se£t1Jne are IIl9.de on this io'I!lv as to a8"er ertllns10t:s
10h &ppe!U' lJIOot needel .
;ll11e the 81_er sylltem sppears adequate thers i8 a laol- of
proper eeNer oor-neotiona and plumbing at 1IWl7 of the 1nauatl'1&1
•
plants.
nio trouble ie voioed plainl7 in the ~ollo;villd: oOlllllWl1o~tion
from the state OGpartmont of '?llotor7 Inspection :
"t~1aPd!:~t;:~t o~~~!i!~~n~e il:!~{/~:tt!: ~:~1~
plUobine rogUlat1on . There is no o1t7 ordinatJoQ
maXine or enforoinc rules . IU1Y sort of oonneotion rr.o.y
be IlIl1ode, with the rosult that ever7 illspector from thie
dopsrtlOOnt reflorts unantisfaotory and unhealthful
oonditions in this reapect . Ie wish tr.ia matter llIight
havo the serioUl,l consideration of the memberl of .7OUl' boardr
:h18 i8 oertainl; a IQ8.tt8l' ~emandini) the attention of the
oit,. authorities, as the oonditions at 8O::lB of the fll.otoriae ue
a lIenaoe not only to the tea1tt. o~ the e1l!plolees but to tbe entire
•
o<ll!£lUlllt7·
he otreet ole'.I.Ding depa::ot"1ent a!lll ~arbage di8 OSll.l oonditione
oP tLe oit,
flpell.r to be effioient . ... '.;ht men are employed in e~reet
I,J
~
�15(
..
cl&/l.lll.:;s wor)" tu'ld fi Va 08n in the
garb.'l.~e
dIsposal work.
The gar ba.s:o dIspoaal plant on the eastern outskir h
cit;;, is effeotive in ita
1UlS ,
of the
but i t woUld appear that a larger
r evenue m1eht be obtaIned from the fert il izer produced from tl.ls pl ant .
•
•
•
���15 •
•
rhe induatr1al establishments of AZlbury obtain tbetr
-:rater ourI'ly frolil ti.e :tt1nloipall:y owned ....:-...nblll';r >later ,jorkD .
1b. water 1s 80ft
--!~d
.ltlI'e a..::.d 1s seoured from z;tlst Lake .
Z:OlULnIS L!l.kea , fadanaro.o Lake , .Iset Lake , five ooall bodies of
;yater 1.v1r.t, lleYeral mileS nortJ of ""sx;.bury and this water 18
bJ'QUCS};.t to the oit; by crllvlt7 only , tl:e !_I'aBBUrs at uanbury being
from 63 to 88 Ibe .
:i:he lUlalysis and the stateaents at ruanl.i.faoturera establieh
the fact that this ""ater 10 of a superior qual1tyand sult(l.ble
•
for all
ndwtr1al 11880 •
.'hore are no oOll!Illainta 'I1bat ever 01 bol1er
·1'011' its UOB awl it is utilized in .I.IMbur;; tor JIIQ.!l,7
oO:l.ls rcu.;ultiI
industrial jlurpoees for .bicl only the hest water woUld be Dultabla .
"he ....o.nbur~ .;ate,r fiJ'Btem repraslIuts u::: lr.veotQeT.t of
over ",1 , 00..:: ,000 and _ ro1'1doa aI:!Jile aUl-IlIJ !Ol" tr.e needs of the cU;;r
~or r.:l8Jl,7
;;reue to oooe •• hel"e i8 never any water Bl:.ortl16e in
.)anbur;,' eve!l in the dr1eBt serulons.
~et:..e.
roUe ita
<rMl
"l"fut6r
am! wlltar .oJ1ltalDl of ua.nbur.7 accotlp
...
relo.tion 01 tho
8;S1.BC •
•~
map of the water caina
1860 thia report . al:.o"lTiro{) the
.... tar il8.ina to U.e ;:;e':lar 01stem a.'1d to the in-
dustrial pllll,to •
:i:L.e m1nloum wntar rate 1::1 .... unbur;;r :for large oonsUl:)llro
is 50;' per 1~0 ou . :!t . *-io1:. 18 a low ra.te . ;;ew Yorj.: ir.ilu8tries
pa1 a nat rate
ot ...1 . 00 per thousand oubio feet .
'the water rate aol.edule is aa fo11owc ;
For
For
POl"
Jor
I'-or
·'.:Jr
For
!o'or
~or
~or
tor
For
er
For
1
enoh :f!lr.l1l1
aatb tub
water elooet in house
ea.oh a.dditiona1 closet cr tub , i f
ucad by alloe :fa::llly
boardl1Jt; house , eaoh <,erson
eaol .llo.n£ , atore or otfice
eae! Jist Ito'lrJ..et
olle11 ealoon
eaol, reut!luro.nt
eaah il:otoSraph gallery
eaot. ~arber lIhop
ello Bod . tOWltain
eaoh _oree or Cow
oare ot Auto
~ . OO
1 . 00
1 . 00
1 . 00
. 50
2 . 00
~ . OO
5 . 00
4 . 00
4 . 00
2 . 50
4 . 00
1 . 00
1 . 00
�..
157
lister rates , 10 ,000 cubic feet or less , 15( per 100 eu . ft •
1.:eter rates , over 10 , 000 cubio feet , 5 cents per 100 " "
Rates for Laundries , FountainB , PUblic Closets and
Urin!ll.e to be tued by .Iater Cot:l'lllttee .
The o.dvante.ae of the water rates in Danbury and elsewhere
will be found on a fo llowing pase .
The advantage of a lOil water l'ste
~,d
ample Gupply of pure
60ft water is an important asset .fa::, Danbury in the matter ot 8e-
curine new industries . In some linea of !MZl.ufaotura , plant location
16 detsnnlned on this one faotor .
In textne d;relng for eX&l:lple large quantities of water are
used whioh must be of a superior quality . A comparatively small
..
d]ell"..g plant in Long Ielllnd City expends ~5 , 000 per year for water
alona . Zhio ooncern could save nearly ;3 . 000 per year on this one
item by loeutll1E in Danbury .
'1here are very 1'e;7 complaints as to needed extension 01' the
water system. One 01' these ie froe the lw,nbur:;r !:>qusre Box Co .
t
Cbemical Anal%is of ,Iaat Lake Reservoir ,rater
..
r
(from report reoeived from Superintendent of \vater Dept )
(This water is low 1n mineral substance and is soft)
Volatile Solids
Fixe/! Solids
Effect on heating - oharredFree amonia
Albumonoid amonia
Uiprosene as nitrites
"
" nitrates
OX:;-Gen oonswood . ten minutes
boiling
Chorne 2 . E-normal 1E . 3
Alkalinity
'I'otal ha.rilnees as 011- 003
. 10
. 54
. 174
. 190
. 000
. 00
5. 2
20 .
31 .
�15'
•
_ COWPAR!TlVE WATER .RA!rKB
OP CI'UES 01 'l'HB UlJIT&D ST4!ES III CDTS PXii: 1 00 CUBIC PRE!
Buffalo, B~Y.
Watertown
H1asara
....
Lari.toll
Coho ..
H. Y.
Altoona , Pa.
lI'&ahua
U. B.
Phil •.
Pa.
AlIBterdalll n . Y.
,..
Bridgeport , Conn.
.
.
CUlllberlanc1 , J.Id .
Lanoa.ter
taoka",anna. , II.Y.
Cleveland , O.
Rudin(!;. Pa.
\'8ehlDgton ,D.C .
Blddefor4 , Me .
Bradford , Pat
Hagarstown . W.
Milwaukee , ns.
Granl! Rapid_ ,moh.
r.:b~~~~nn .
Spr1Jsatie14 , Ill .
Peoria, Ill .
Uiddleto1m , Coll.
Ul,dilon. ,11.
Quino" Ill .
Salt Lake City,Utah
Dall't'ille, V• •
Clark.burgh , . , Va .
Huntington , II . Va.
JJ.b&l1Y, N. Y.
Dayton, O.
Dltro1t, Kloh .
ll1nnlapolia,lIilln .
St . Paul ,
"
SI.ttle, W.
Bewark , B. J.
Yonkera , B.'! .
Ch1oago, Ill.
In41&IULpoUa , Intl .
Baltimore . ]!d .
TolldO, O.
LOB Angll . . , Cal .
Whealing , W. Va .
l'all RiTer, UaUEl.
BT&na't'1lll.
DIS l101nea ,Ia.
Bew Orleana , La.
Spokanl , 'Iaoh .
Cinoinnati , O.
S&J::I Aatollio , '"x.
COIWllbul, O.
Atlantio C1t"D . J.
.ltlanta , Ga.
In'.
01 '
021
023
025
03
03
O.
03
03
03
..
..,.
..
0375
0375
0375
04
04
04
O.
045
045
045
0'
0'
0'
0'
0'
0'
0'
055
0525
056
O.
O.
O. p.
0'
O.
0' P.
O.
O.
O•
O.
06"
054
0.'
0675P.
07
075
075
075
075
075 F.
075
OS P .
OS.
O.
O•
10 p .
,.
New york City
Barl1n. !'I.B.
Kanab.ater , D. a .
Rooh •• t"r , 1'I . Y.
Bew Bedford. U.a8 .
Riobi!lOn4 , V• •
BirlliJIgham , .lla.
Louls'f1l1e, lIy.
Jersll CIt, . 1I .•1.
llarJr,born , /.!aBa .
syraou&. , Ii . Y.
Hartford , Can.
Portland , are .
DenTer , Col.
Lyona, B. Y.
Bridgeport . Can .
Indi an.palh .
Hew HA"HID, Can.
Pittsburgh . Pat
Trenton , N. J.
In'.
Boston ,
!.:aS8 •
Lowell , )(&e8.
Cambridge , !.IaBI!I .
Camden, N.J.
Nash .. ilh , ~l'In •
Pro't'idenoe, R. I.
St . louil , )lo .
iforcelter , l!asa.
Port Worth , '!ex.
Duluth. Uinn .
Omaha . Yeb .
Kanaaa City . lID .
Dalla• • >ex.
li'1.11 RiTer, ueBEl .
Spr1l1i>field , Kaa • •
Greenw10h Can.
Can1.teo . B. Y.
!okened.
Soro.nton, P• •
Oakland. Cal .
san :Prancisoo, Cal.
Taoolll&, 118ah.
l!8mph1B , Tell.
10
10
10
.106
.11
. 11
.1126 !'
. 1125 r
. 115
. 1125
,.
,.
.12
.12
.1225
.12761'.
.13
.135
.13'
.135
.135
.135
.1'
. 1<
. 1'
,r.
•
F
. 15
. 15
. 15
""
. 15
.1'
. 175
.1875
. 1'
. 21
22
22
225
225
..
22'
2.
. 3333
45
,
��..
l~O
POsr!L DELlVI!.'iY SE3VICB
Thera are no OOll:.plaillt. of 1m:portanc. agaiullt the poatal
8ar1'1011 of Danl:1I11'y .
7 ..... 11. an uul .... d blre «ally frGlII ne" York alld 5 _11.
lea". hara da U,. f a r Ua.. York.
6 1I&1b are reodnd hare daily f1'olll Boaton and 6 111&11,
lean here daily for Boaton.
The present Poat !IA.tel' 1s James E. Cu..ft gil hia oonduot
of the oftice appear. to 811'a l .. t1Bfsetlon.
The annual "olUlie of lIuabtes8 of the Danbury Poat Offioe
18 e:r;pr... d 1zt the follo"ing figu..rea for 1916:
Stamp. lold
Ho . phou flrat 01as8
III1U aent out
lIo . pieoee f1rat 01as8
365 ,000
16.000 da11y
mail reo,hed
30,000 dll.ll.1'
Paroel POB t bUlin.slI
for ,year;
~
150 , 000
D1apa.tohod$
70 ,000
Reoei,..1!
1.1011111 order buail:l.eB8
for y.ar
.344 , 606 , 20
There are 115 100a1 11&11 oarriers employe(! in Daallury .
1Dlr:1J1& 4.11n1'1. . to bua1nea. e.tablish:llllnt. and lI8Ilufaoturora
tlrice daily.
,..
r
nero ar. 7 rural del iTer,. routes iaeueing froll lliLDbur,. .
tbe.e being: de.oribell ellewhere.
nue rural routu (hlinr..,) are indioated 011 tbe large
lIap of the Danbur;r zOlle. nd II .tudy of slmIe w111 rel'eal the weak
.poh 1D the l"IU'al delil'uy system of this area.
�lUI
•
Tbe JOuUern lie." ~lar.cl '!:ehphone ColDp&.n,7 , 'ps.rt of tl-.e
Bdl c;;rstemJ c1ves J!lJ:lbur] exoellent ":;elephol.e aervice .
'!'be !DIl1r. o:Uloe of this oompany is in .. 8':'1 !!a<ven and '[ ••• •
Shelt.Jn 18 the looal mtUlaser .
Tl.e Danbury exohange erJIIlo18 25 repair
operators Mel has an annual
as roll 01
~en
and 40 women
>O , OOC • • l'.ero are 270,J
telephones operate! on this exOhl1ll68 .
j,.
•
•
vex; !avora ble uniform rate 1s charsea of 26( tor flve
hllnutee talk 'ro1th anyotber o1t;r of Conneotiout .
The Xe1t York rate 18 40 cants .
�l U2
.Ja::burl,fOuld be oOllllid.e!'ed 1:7 insurance
t:;at.
hazardouD f XII risk , d:J.& to the 1s.r80 nucber of
used tor t!letor,.
tet in
t'HLIl,7
III.
bulldin B
ur!'OB88.
Thie ):s:;arl 1
8upply and
an erlra
fXw:l8
aoa
Oti"88t to
60-::8
anent by an effecti ve water
exoellent fire depart_,er.t arul still
-"urt~
r oft'
of tleue ~TO.:;,8 factor;,' bulld1nge by the inetal"'a:illon
of Bprink: 1nt; B:f8teme.
It 11 dU-!'loult hO',lever to understand the great variMoe
•
in InBurMoe rates on factory builcl1n,ge .
'IhiB vo.1'10.n08 10 shown by tl:o folloRing e:uu:plea ;
Uill oODe'truotior.
,,l:'rI1lll8
';11~b
BFrinkler sjStoo
....
..
~
. 4~
. 75
rSIll8
1 . 00
1 . 05
1 . 25
:rrS!:l8
.E'ra:ae
j"re:::'8
1 . 30
'rau8
lllll oonatruotlo.Q witbout
Irame
with
.I!'rame
without
2 . ;'3
:! . 50
4 . 86
2 . 95
without
Th.ere are no
•
'0'. 10 per .,,100 .
. 14"
"
. 20
U111 oonstruotlon
111'8
pl'Jof faotory bt:.11dlnge in .J8.!Iburl · ..;.
modern i'ire pro of concrete faotor] buildina havina a sprinkler
c;;ete~ os.rriee as low a rate as 'hree cents per
100 on bulldi na
and proportionately 10,", rate on oontents •
.:'he IIl8J1.uto.oturero 0: .ISJ1bury have psoalL,ed themBelvOB 1'.eavlly
throueh
OCOUpo.:10]
of frlil:le bulldln[;3 and at the illtur:mco ratea
l1htch they :u'B oblicoll. to
ay oo.nnot aarr:; u.s much insurance sc
the)" ehould tor proper protectloL at>ainst tire lOBS .
•
�TIl!
•
PAO~R
03' CLIMATE II r.OCATION 0' [JDUS!RUL PUJI'TS
A.IIIong the 1I&1l7 faotore entorill8 into the proble. of
plant 1006tlon, that of oli_tio oonditione i. of oonelderablo
1aportanoo.
Un.. o~!!n!t.rt!:!~ult!r!to!~:'~: !;l:i!:no:fi:~:O;P;:!f1o
iaportanoo of .oau.ring eoonoaio adYanta8" of ...en a trifiiq
obaraote r are worth7 of oo_i4.ration.
ne bearing of eU_tie oon4it1on. upon manufaoturing
.ffioi.no, ..,. b• •_ed up a. follon:
1· ne ••ourug of gr.-teat J)Ossibl. 4a, llsht effio1.DO, .
e.
•
!tllloapherIo moieture a. affooUlIg otooll: and proc.....
of -=facturo.
Z· Th. oUoot of oll_to upon the health .Dd 1fOrkiDg
.ffio1an07 of ••p107801l .
4· Th. offoot of ftrlaUoaa of heat and oold upon proo .....
of . .nufaotUl"O •
.lo.dlooo to oa, that the ideal oli .. tio oOl:lditlona for
.oourlq the hi8h.at po.aln. IU.mIfaoturins .ttlo1an07 . ....ould '"
noh . . oo.binod tho n.atnt &III01:lDt of InUlIIbine with a t_perah
oliaat. not av.b~.ot to .-,:;tr•••• or heat or oold..
fb11. In no "otioh of tb. oountry oan be found. ab.olute1,
14 •• 1 oU . .to oondit1ol'lll , 7.t without question the eliute of
Jln :!nSl.lI4 10 fnor.bb to Uau.faoturinl!. baing b.altbf'ul .nd tr••
trOll the de llr •• ehll!' alld bWlld oondltions that are detriaental to
the health alld .ffiololl07 of worlaNn in a0ll9 a.otiona .
All 1114u.tri.e ara .ff.ot.d. aOMwbat b, at.o.lIh.ric oondlt1ona
•• rolah to t.lIIJl.raturo , pr.oipitatlon . huaid1t" a1:lDabina and
wInd nlooit, •
.10 r.oord. ha. b •• n "intain.d of tho .. oon4it1on. in IliLIIbu.rl
•
~!nf;":!anra:jt a!::~~;~ , a::a~:!:~i;:~~~n:f!r~r::: :!;ie7'f'~ ~~~f1014
,1 ... euffiOlanU, r.liabl. dah to
in Da..nblU'J .
_n
lIamo applioable to oond1tion.
.~:pi:rr:r!!i:i:;7i:o~::;e t:::ti!h:h:
anll
Atlantia ...boara. .
a~=d!!!
!:tl::·
.1'...
the r .oorda of annual preoipitation at ft.J'ioUli point. in
Conn.otiout tor 1& ,.ear. paat
follo .... :
Ore. . H111 •• •••••• iTerase 48 . 06 Il10ho. par 7.ar.
'lallin«fo!'d ••• • • • • •
49.18"
...
•• w Ha..OIl •• ••• ••••
..
1&.89.
•
•
. rus precipitation i • .or..... n17 41.tributed throughout
the ,.ear thall in -IV JiIlrt. of the ooantr" the h.aTioat rain fall.
b.iD&: in Aucut . !'he "oorh for '"UJlUlt at the abon pointe .... rap
a. tollcnra:
•
Ore . . Bill •••• • ••• '.340 Inohee
l'la11Insf'ord . ••• .••• • '18
•
lfew BaTen ••.•••••• ' . &9
�•
ft" ..
11')• •
aaa1Mr of rau, "78 barillg . 01 tDOh or .or.
ot pre.ll1UaU otl ..ere •• roll o... at; Be. Ensla.l14 polDte:
~Ba~!l
:: ::::: :::::::
ProT1a.noe
.R.I •••••• •• ••
1: da~. ~!: 7~'
~t on." •• """ """ " lJJO
Jorlohfla14 . ft •••••.•••• 1M
..
..
..
10,.
':'he ..al.l taaper'lt1tte for WTtous lew .!n«land oUb_ na
•• follo.u
era.. Rill •• •••••••• . .••
... Ba....n •• • • • •••••• •• •••
MtddlatOlfn ••• o •• o • • • • • • • o
!olltOD
ho",14ance '0 • ••• • • 0 •• 0..
BOl'thtlald, Vt •••
.0 .... 0.•... 0. ....
0.......
•
'6 4.~•••
'9 . 1S
..
'8 . '
48 . 8
49 . 8
4.1 . S
tho higbee" h!8peratur • • a r ecorde d .. era •• tol1owe:
i!:-;"~!l .:::::::::::::: l~t '-wen
Bar1otor4 •• • •••
Boo1o(l12 •••••••
0
0....... 10298
..
•••••• ••• 0
fhft 10" . ' rsool'<!od t"peratura. "1'8 •• toUo•• :
C,.. . . &ill • • •••. •• ••• •••
!lew ila.ven • • •••. ,' • • ••••
Hanford ••••• o • • • • • • • • • 0
loat.oD •••
0
,!.............
16 d.agr••• below "1'0
U"
...
20
13
'nw "oord of lI"n ralatift hum1IlU, ....... tollO'.. :
~ .. &ftD , Conn . ••••• •••
Boetol1 , Kaee. ••. ••• •.• ••
lut
•
76
72
):l1n!s·ti~r. ~:t:;rf!c f!!:! :!li~~ro;;~.te in ran
i::a;.!!!1
:::.~~f~· ~; :::::: ~~1120.
&!.rt fo :rd • •• , •• Oct . 10 • •••• • 'Pl'. !8
'!be abo,"" 1'18'1"1 ara noorda o f ."ar11t4l1 oVlr •
.
;:n~::!~;~ .J:l'~:n°fn~;!:;ti!: =~;·C!l~:.;:~t~:. r:::~::t
ot tlla nawl'7Y1lle .tIUCD lol' 1918 were .a fol10n .
Preoipitation hZ _ntll" .
....a."
8 .81. 1:ucb••
2.51
3.71
2 . 6&
6. 8'
6.81S
•
anll
3 . 10
2. 12
2 . 59
4 . '8
�•
'l'h• •oathl,. .. an teaperaturee at HawleYTlll. 1n
19115 ••re 811 folio •• :
JabU8q
30 . 3 dep'e ..
Hebruar7
Maroh
.lJ)rll
32 . 4
33 . 2
51 . 3
Ju17
.lugut
.......
....30.'
69 . 8
68."
65.4.
...,...
Sept.aNr
Ootober
Do,..eaber
Deo ••ber
"
44 . 2
naTation. abo,... Soa Le.a1
•
:!:rr~n
Hartford
Haw18TY1l1e
Danb1U'7
I •• BaTen
~orrlngto ll
....terb1J.r7
•
•
EO
1300
1M
600
'Il"
,.,
6. .
. 00
reot
"
�USE OP SCHOOL BUILDING::; ft.::; COl'llUEI'lY CEN=F.RS
•
The probablli ty that DAlOORY w11l Boon have a new hil'fh achool
bullding prompt a the sut@"estion that when thia bullding ia
conatructed full proviaion ahall be IQ8.de for ite use aa a
~~:;=::;~~::~!~~v~;~di~~' t~~d d:;:~o!::n~o~; :~~:i~!:'ia:!!: ties
cation and night acboola .
It ia I'oaaible that the preaent high school or other sohool
buildings could be util1181l fo r Co:nmunity Center purpoaea.
'l'hia ide. baa been very fully developed in Mil_ukee ss ia
e:r:plainad by !.Ir. B. O. Berg . as follows :
n We in U1lwaukae have not spent much tima in dl8Clus81ne: the
:~~~t~~~r;:~n~:8:~0;~:;=:i !Kn~~~;=ri; ~i~!:e:e~t;~:p:~~!~aiy
•
•
membership duea, whether the emphae1s should be placed upon
recreation , upOn aducation , or upon civi c and forum aotivities .
whether to cater to tha young psople . hoping that thair preeenca
will sooner or later att r aot tha parents , or vics versa . The
gr eat quastion with us was how to get the sohoola open at night
for reoraational purposes and keep them open .
The modarn popular oonception of the word "recreation , "
ut eee"s to me , is rsthsr a r roneoue: to the ave r age mind it
su/tgeete the queet of pleaaure or sport . The eubject of reoreation haa m&1lJ' phaees _ it is really a question of leiBure .
Mall1 deaire to spend their leiaure otherwiss than st games, en _
tertaiDlllent, etc . Se"iIl,!!: , oookinp;, millinery, needlework ,
mechanical dral'l'inl'f , literary study, muSic. dramatic work . debati~ ,
oivic etlldy anll diBcuaaion sre dee ired by many for a portion of
the tima , thua makinR' the ):r oblem ona of providing wholeeoma re _
craation that i. aemi - aduoational, and in .ome caaea wholly
educational. in natura.
and on:i::a:~!~ ::f~:r!~O:r:fa!e!;:;:~t e;:~~ ~!:U::8 .~~~:lla
center., while nine other school. are be1ng ue.d for avenil1$
schools , which ,may condu.ot .pecial recreational actlvitiaa if
de.irell. lio for_I demanda w.ra made by citizene for tha location
of thaea .ocial centera . Tha IIIOveUlent being 11 ne. one . and it.
po •• ibllit1ae snd values being at the t1.!ne unknown, no one .eemel1
to cars to taka the respons i bllity of rOUSing s neighborhood
santiment for a eocial center . Ho. that tha work i. aatabl1.hell ,
Ilemanda ara conatantly b.ing made by various neighborhool1. , but
rarely if ever, by poorer cong.ated dletricts .
Ull_aukes al1optel1 ths policy of using i til schools for
social cantere , believing that supervision of recreation 1a an
a l1ucational problem and that oivic aoonomy demands a more open usa
of public sohools . Tha achoolbouae is ueually tha ne1ghboring
centar frOIll a geOgTaphic standpoint . It ought also to be ths fooa1
pOint of tha naighborhooll f r om a civic and Community atandpo1nt .
Each of Mil_ukaa ' . fUll - time centers_ i •• •• thoaa which
ara Ollen five aftarnoons snd .ix evenings Ii waek_ ia in. charge
of a director I'Iho devote. ,hi. whole time to the work. During
houra when he 1. not in actual charge of the center , he devotee
him.elf to the .tudy of the COIlllln1llity : the nei/thborhooll p1acaa
of all!Usemant, housiAA conditions, indivilluela or groupa of people
who mi,-:ht nead to be raach.d . etc . In this work ha ie ably
•
::i~~~~d b~en:;!i:fai~~:8 h~!8!~e i~i~~e h:~~::l d:~i!~:~t .
which
�e;~~ga~d!oa~:::;:ie O~~~i~~~i!~e c:~~~~lw~~~~e~!na:!!:~ee
•
were
halle were fitted for athletic games and gymnasiwn work by
screeninll; windoWS and lights , stripping the floors for indoor
baseball, baE!ket ball . volley ball , etc . Here the athletically
inclined boy or girl has an opportunity for phyeical development.
Unless they are etudenta at aome institution of learning , our
young people can find few placee where they can partioipate in
athletic gamee. gymnastiCS , etc . 'N e have found that the working
bOys of Milwaukee are not par ticularlJ' f ond of formal ,!t1lIlllaatics
after a hard day's work , so we feature the athletic games . The
girls have shown a d18tinct inclination for club , wand and dwnbbell
drills esthetic dancing and folk dancing . To f oster a love for
athletio games and keep up the inter est . leagues are organized
among the varioue center a • The girle ' gymnaei1lll'l olasses are requi red periodically to oontribute a number to one of the regular
entertainments . In the gymnaeiUltl classes and athletio gamee
segregation is at all times maintained , ·" ith the sxception of the
Friday night matoh games , to which gi rl spactators are admitted.
In thie same hall , d..aJ1cing classe8 and 800ials are held on
•
:~u~~:y s~~!:i~~o~h:i!:n~~n:l~;::~~~i:~;~ ~::: !~c~!~: ~~:l~~~
public . No one is admitted unlesa known to the direotor or introduced tc him and vouched for by some one whom the director
knOWS . A register is kept of all attending the dances .
The hallS are olosely supervised . A young man leaving the
building is asked to take hie hat and ooat and ia not allowed to
return that eveninl!; . This re~lation discourages going out for a
smoke or for refreshments . The danoing is made self_s upporting
by a nominal charge of five cents fo r the dancinl!; class and ten cents
for the social . This money 1s used to pay for the !DUsic, ths instructor, the chaperone , the .,-ardrobe boys , and the door _tender. We
chose Saturday night because that is the banner night for the low
class dance ha11 with which we ar e competing .
•
;"ea.ture part ies , such as He.llowe ' en perties, Ja.panese parties ,
St . l'8.tric k 's Day parties and the like , are given to inorease the
attendance at these. Saturday evening socials . During the past year
ths crowds grew so large that it became necessary to limit the
attsndance to three hundred at each of the various centers. 'i'he
school board bas recently authorized dancing in six schools other
than eooial cente r s , making thirteen in all.
In the assembly balls, bi -.,-eekly five - cent entertainments are
held . These evening entertainmente conaist of moving pictures,
dramatio , literary and musioal numbers given by neighborhood talent
and social ceb ter organizations .
'lie make an effort to oonduct the entertaiIl:Dente under ideal
conditione, each echool being furnished with one of the best moving
picture machines on the marke t , and a l arge stage with curtains and
footligh ts . To meet the fi re ordinance , the moving pictures are
houses in concrete booths . The audiences vary in age from the aged
ft::n~;~;f:;r:O Si~~e i~~:n~f"~~ei:r!:it e;~l:l~? t~~ ~~:i~:- ~~~~u;: ahow
and the public theater i s the pror.liecuous seating of the audience,
::~~:rnt~~~ ~:r~:~~i:!d o~:e~; ~~Il:~!::t:!=~!: :~dr:::!~~~e~n~rle ,
•
and another section for meD and boye . Thus many dMgers of mixed
public audienoes are minimized . No chi ldren under :fourteen years
of age are admitted unless accompanied by theiriipar ents . Children
are requirsd to sit with their paTents . This rule ineure8 good behavior on the part of the children and keeps the femily unit intact .
The common praotice of allowing dancing after an entertainment is
etrictly fo rbidden. A dance following an entertailll!lent Cleans a public
dance .
�•
The admittance fee of flve cents gives the director a sllIsII
working fund with which to meet the many little b11ls that spring
up in the administration of a Boclal center . These billa , if
~~:e:~!~:r:O o~h~h:c:~~~d ~O:~~ ' d~r!o~i~~;;y:O u!:~~:~a~rri;:t;~ki~ge
~!dte~~~t:~d ~!~~:r:~!: ' o~ ~~:l;,;~~~:ew:~:e1~ ~~:l!H;e~!~~~~: .
OUr sohool halle, having 8. eeatlnp: oape.clty of from four to eleven
hundred , a r e taxed nearly to their fullest capaoity and often people
must be turned away .
Every Saturday afternoon, entertalnr:lente are given for the
school children . An adm18eion fe e of one cent 18 charged . These
reoeipts are used to de fray the cost of mOving" ricture reele .
operator , door- tender, chap8Tone and ntI1eiclan . ':'he large attendances
•
have made two entertainmente an afternoon necesesry , one for boya and
one for the girls . Three filme are shown at each entertainment .
The remainder of the program conaists of a sbort stersopticon
lecture on some industrial , historical or geographical topic . etory
telling , dramatic nMbers by the juvenile dramatio clubs, and other
narnbere which appeal to children.
Over t·,'l'O hundred dollars has been spent 1'or slides on
geographical and historioal topics . The children of the neighboring
schools are given a speoial invi tatioD to attend these entertainments
when the etereopt ioon or moving picture numbers pertAin to any
particular topic which they are studying. In thill way the center
becomes an aid or an auxiliary to the regular school work .
aeaembi';s~a~f!i~ . a~r :oh:~~;m::;e v~;;e~im:~~a~~~O~!e:~:r~~r t~~_
litical meetings during the munioipal oampaign . The resulta were such
that the echool board again opened its assembly halls for political
meetinge during the recent state and national campaign .
'l'hus it is evident that the assembly halls, as a rule the most
eXpllnllive but leaet used rooms of our schoolS, sre virtually in
use every evening of the week , housing e1ther athletic games ,
~~n:i~c ~~:s::te~:~:~n~: ~g~~O~~~~~i~ie~!:i~:~: 8 .
•
•
children I s
Tbe basements of the sohools ars partitioned off into roo:o.8 and
made pleasant by white'" ashing the walls, ~inti Df the ceQent floors.
and. brilliantly lighting with eleotricity • •There not enough bassment
rooms are available, classrooms are used. Desks are screwed in threes
to wooden strips or runners , makinQ: it easy to Slide them into the
corridor so that the room can be sued for any activity deeired, be it
danoinR: , sewin~ , or debating. One of' theee rooms is then used as a
library or reading room, taking the place of the ooetly library
branohes so common in many cities . These have , in my estimation . a
greater future than the isolated library branohes . The patrons of a
library , as 8 rule, are readers. Every library is furnished With a
phonograph . The IIchool bosrl haa purchaeed ~ 500 'iTorth of recorda .
An effort is made to acquaint the children with ~reat mnBical artiste ,
composers , composi tions and different kinds of mueioal inetrumenta
the different musica l co:nbinatlons , duets, trios, quartet s : in Sho;t
the ob~ect of the course 111 to create a love , an underlltanding, and
an a ppreCiation of good music . The prevailing fore1~n language of
the neighborhood is oatered to thru books and periodicals . Evening
eohool. being run in oonjunction with theee centere, theae foreign
books become a strong dra'IFinF oard to the library .
One room is equipped with three pool tables . Since no boye
Wlder eixteon are admitted , tbe frequenters or tbis rooll'l are usually
�•
r::eth;!
:~Y~O:l;':~!Yt:~~~e~ni:hi: ~~~\~!~:~:;i~~
i~:;n in
:r=~~l~~O~~ ~~~~~~n:~~t to ~~t~~U;~!~;B 8~o~h~u~f: =~;~o!::yof by
their elders? Saturation at this a Ete may eliminate a future
deei r e . These pool rooms are gene r ally crowded- ao crowded that
~~: ~~!n~~~!c~~~;nn~a~!~!e~~ {~~ ~;~:~~~;~~o~~:O!n~a~~:9
center . The pereon in charge is gene rally
shown leadership of the boye .
8
young man who bas
Another room has an aquipment of the minor gsmee, auch 88
dominoes . checkers . various oard games , parches! , odd pins. and
the like . To maintain interest . biweekly center tournaments and
monthly inter-center tournaments are held in the games of this
A fifth room has its l1s:hts and windows protected by Bcreens .
•
It 1s here that the boys and girls work off some of their sup-
erfluous energy in the low- organized games , games requiring little
skill and team work , but much energy . Thie room has been nick_
named the "roughhous e room. " A short partioipation in the games
of this room relieves even the toughest boy of his superfluous
energy and transforms him into a peaceable c1 ti zen . making it an
easy proposition for those in charge to direct this now docile
creature to the other activities of the center.
A sirth room is f1 tted up as a club rOOm for organizations
such as science Clubs , Boy Scouts , Camp Fire Girls , athletic
clubs, mothe rs' clubs , newsboys' clubs, afternoon and evening
sewing classes and many other eimilar activities. I hope this
room may some day be used as a smoking rocm for the men. It may
thenpartlally displaoe the most social club room, the saloon .
This room , together with the corridors , which are equipped with
settees and ann chairs , will afford a meeting place for men to
come together and discuss infonnally the social, businese snd
economic questions of the day .
•
A seventh room is fitted up with shower baths and 10c1>::ers.
Often men and ...omen who know of the existence of a natatorium
do not avail themselves oft ite privileges, but if brough into
close contact with the showers while taklnE part in other activi _
ties . thsy follow the crOWd . A large TurkiSh towel and a small bar
of soap are furnished at once cent each , enough to pay for the
wear and tear and laundering of the towel and the cost of the soap .
The spacious k indergarten is used for the adult glee clubs .
dramatiC clubs . orchestras , bands and civic clubs, which may meet
in the building. Young people of talent _l1 tewary . dramatic,
mUSical, etc. _can make rapid pro~ress in their particular lines if
banded together and meeting wi th those similarly endowed . Many
organizations of this sort have been taken · from meeting places not
conducive to the best morals.
Another room is used as a wardrobe. Every person entering a
cente r is directed to this room by the doortsnder. Here outer wraps
and hats are checked without charge. Relieving a person. of his
outer garments in this manner has a tendency to make him feel
more at home and. prolong his visit .
•
In the same building are conducted the evening classes in
English for forei gners . One oenter had an attendance of three hun_
dred such stUdents . llaturalization classes are also held . Milwaukee
contains hundreds of men who have not taken out their second papers
and who dread the ordeal of the examination required . They welcome
the opportunity of being instructed in the lines of elementary
histcry snd civics . These evening classes serve as a nucleus of
variOUS clubs .
�lV3
•
•
•
�•
It oannot ba expecteiS
~hat
1n
~he
olUell of Iin Eoa:land
dependent tor po_%' upon coal , that power o05te wl11 ba 88 10.
ae in oollll:ltmitlea looated adJaoent to the ooal f1eld ih
,a,thor the ro.,.,r 11>auppl1ed fro
trano:ni8aloll liner:
drivon by ete8ol:l enginee or by !:Ioane ot air. at drhe throu,g
the
UBe ot motors opU'ataa by lublle service eleottio ow-rent , the
oopt of 0.:1:1.1. !lalhered in Danbury . I!IUst determine the coat of
po:'ler .
'I'he high ooat of 00601 18 thereforo more or laBS of a
•
handicap upon all the lr.dUDtriaEl of nOIf J::nglOJld and it 18 estimated
that i t ell theBe industriao OQuid be moved into nat ern Pennsylvania the:! 'ould .,.VI
1B , OOO ,OOO per year ill. ooal coets alona .
Industriao whioh operate their Olfll steam pO'll'er plante
must
iii
fter a oontlnu.:;!.1 f'luctUB.tlon in po' er ooats Be the prioe
of ooal tluotuatOll .
!L6:lotr1e!l :;'hiob dorend upon publio serYice electrio
o'.l%'rent tor power . hOlf.Yer , oan depe.ld upor.
the rate belns eatabl18hed an
fued po.ar oost ,
0.
regulated aooorlng to the 8lIIou::t
of current nee/! .
lIhe"'her the }":ubll0 ser'lioo company po.}8 one prIce or
•
anothtor for ooal , the pOlfer rate to C0n8U1l18re re~(Ltne the 89.me
tl.lld 1n 'Iiew of the present coel. t:rioee It is
:.lsnbur:;r ' a
tI.
questiol
·'i, ether
ublio 1181''1108 corporatlon C!ln l!l!Ulu:facture O\lTrellt at
a pro.f'i t on their present rate sahedule .
~omlarln
.:lD..""!bur:l with other New .!:!gland alttes a3 to
the oost ot ooal , it oan be etated that tbill city has JUtit os
101'1' ooal coote !l.S a!l3 other c1t;r 1:0. ris';? .;,.il61ar.d or in l,e.7 Yor'
.l/Ison .1'Ier a.l~d Janbur] 1".0.13 o1.:eapor 000.1 ""han
state eact o! the
most :iew ':::l£land 01t1ee .
Comparl
•
:a:
J.lanbur;r r.ith athol' oities of the countr7 ao
to publio servioe electric rate . it C~ be stated tru:.t tl:.e oit;.>
haa a lo.,or eleotric ra~e taan .. 8" Yo!':" or s.r....
",f
1".e laree oities ;
�lti5
•
anI!!
j;,
113;';'81"
rate than ;;an; oities, even includ1ne !lome c:ruoh nearer
tbe Douro e of 000.1 oupply .
Of course there us a fe'll 01 ties in tho oowtry ':'i'hlch have
a r:n1oh lowel'
eleo~rlc
p0\7sr rate becaus'J thej have the a.dYantase
of hydro - electric po .er eervice. S;7dro eleotrio power 18 howe';'er
not Dtch an ad v£.' ta...;e to
presented . In
~y C!l.Qe~
!l
cOl!Inunlty as bae been
1're~uently
re-
the hydro electrio developuente have been
80 oostly ar.d tee corporstlons ee excessively oapltal1::d that
to ore ate earnings theta oOJl!ll&nlee have been obliged to om..rse a.s
muoh for .'o1{er ourrent as thongl: same ':'Iere seoured t hr Out;h operation
•
ot steam drive!!. plante
~.u1t1
4:ld the use of oea1 iIUltead
at 'Nater .
is tru3 of tl e fl1::l.QU8 Keokuk (lavalol ant cn the
::icsillelpi , :;hiot.
8~pl18B
eleotr' c current tc st . LottiS ar,d other
citie2 . It 1E a.lso true ot .:. ater on , r;.;; ., w1:.e1'e hydro - eleotrio
pO','fer oUl·re..",t is (;,)ld at tr.e E:IoIl'Ie r.:lte as public aerv':ee oU!"rent ,
the ls.tter being generatei
Itll
teo..., plante:.
The cost of power is a most important matter
ilevelop~ent
nunu-l'... et lrlni:;
The eubjec" chould be ta}:(IL u;.
of e301. "ind ot
O:for 0
1
,. ... 00 used 1, tr.9
per!-t t..r.c wit
~. ""inc l.ndn .. tr~o.l pla.."ltr..
•
!l.3
rlllo.':eo to
a.nd ahould be civet! oaroful oouslderc.tion .
.~etllil &111
c~
a uturl.;r tl/lde
I!lunlt;r . I..: • ..Ianbur:;
t".e follO"":fir.$ kinds of
po"'er servIce :
1 b110 service eleotrio ourrent
2 - Ir.dividua.lly opera.ted ate3t1 plants with ste.:!.!ll. drIven
trc.;;.smitlslon .
:3 - c:.llvlduall;; orcrllted clectric power plants , ourrant
boing tlenera.ted by etem::. pO:'l"er plantn .
.Ia.ter pot:er.
5 - j .. 5 onc1nel:l.
6 - GaEol1ne ensir.ee .
4 -
-.:he 18~ 1l:dustr1e ... o~ t:cc JanbtL:] aroa have 11 tot:;.l pOTIer
requiremo'"".lt of pri.::!.l!", horae power ; amountinll to 13 , 097 horae pownr
.1"1:I.11e elect rio power ourrlll't
•
iO£ plants by tho La.nbury
& .B~thel
&: .Eottel CaD an.l _leotrl0
:r.. iBbt
servioe oo rporation of t
'0
1.:
;plied to a few
ufa.otur-
-,treet •.allwlly (lo • • tho ::>e..nbur]
Co • • is tho eotabl1sbod pUblio
oclllll:lWlity and 6U;:Jpl1ee most ot tbe Onl'rent
usol -tor ;>0.'01' 1.:.1 tho :;)a.."Ibury areo .
�ltiti
•
In r.oc.rl; eVer] c!!.p.a
ex:'ro~"
o1l'8r l:
B_tle:tied lith
.t
~l:ere
tl:.is servico 111 used the manu:fact -
t):'!Ir.celvee :;." ?To'l ple.J.sod
-ith tl:.c !larvioe eiver. ru.d
be rates . TheDe ra.tes are as follo'.?c :
trat
lOf per .... ./0_ .
.30 .i::. .. , .
1ie~
l~:::
~~:::
~"
250""
~g;:
""
~
600
n
2&
"
,' "
'r;;
iggg :::
411 over
4000 :E. • •7.
lW
t:iainum 1lI01:thly p()lYer b111 ~;, . OO
5,; d!:.count on billa 1:1: paid by 15th .
•
The eleotrio po':Ver rate varies IllIlterio.:Jy aoc,1rdlnG to the
load fa.otor ( 1 . 0 . tho averu.;e 10.3d per hour ) . In textile mnls
3ctor 18 hien , beiDt; from 50 'to 60 per co- t thus seota'lng
tl.1l! load
a lo'e::- rllte I w!.l1e in fI"iW"'7 altaI rrodnote 1nductries the load
~::lotor 1a 10 • runnlfltS from 20,
fo!'
0J1
:;.ver;).C;e
!J.ol:lnee U,- in
ore or
l~Ge
...:. electrio rO;'le
CJ~3..1¥<J
u
"'t~
Ill:lrlut!lct~rillg
•
for ... sheet mettl works .and ::5,
.!loal ine rohop to 30
ot
!or!l £hop'11bere nan; Bt:Q.ll
OO::ltlr.u')ue operatior••
cr.edule 1. of l1ttle Talue il• .:u.kll1(:;
r c:1t1es . uC t=.e rate securod bl a:n:T
plant 1e MJ\Ulted not b;r the .'rim.s.r,7 horl:le
0::0
~)O\'fer
re ~
",uire' er.tf.1 but by the 10:.ld f!l.ctor and the :nOLtbq cOIHIWIIJ.,tion of
c1,;.:..'rent .
In a Gonoru.l w:.q it can be sh.ted that tr.G olectric powor
current in Da.nbury 1& trom
l~
to l O¢, per k . 71 . l' . :By t);-le 1e me!lnt
that IlO:ne Ulnut:loturere by l a.rge con3Wllpt1on It current ara enabled to secUZ'e ,Ul 10;'1 a rate as
aon3U1
er~
pa,7 as
hi~
1&
per k ' \'1 . h . while the er.w.lleot
as 10'" pe::- ". • .: . h .
L'l muJ:1r.g oomparisone with other cities
tl:ere~ort
it OM
be stilted k_" _anbur;r has a 1 . 5 at . power rate tor la.re;e a:'ru11ll11erl! ,
alJd this 00..: be oonsi!!ered
Ii
the city , bel.r:t> .. 0 low ae 1
•
ver,7 !avorablo u.dv:mt_.o
~d
a..cot to
Ina...'"l;;r oottmUlit1ee nearer the coal f101ds ,
ae w111 be seen by the comparative table
socalll;Hl~ins t:~
1e repor+ .
�lU'/
•
=toe indua tries in :.>anbur:/' eeeu::1nc; the 1hz' rate are as
tollows :
k'ec}- :Our Co • •
...1".8 ...anbury Co • •
.. arnel' _roe .
::l .•
rInnts obt!Llnirl£; _ rate o~ 1 - 3/4 C8.:lta per !-ow . h . are 0.8
fo11O".'1'c :
... 1111
&;
.toller .Jear1na ::0 ••
no..,t Caeasnee:!" Co • •
E . d.. :..:...ulol'.7 i. ",ons
Plants fJeolll"lnG
0.
rate of 2 oents per k . w. h . are 0.0
folloWD :
•
./:i. I.:o Lo.o!",lan
&0 Co ••
l'Ivee~y .;)111t -'.:.1 ... 1::::
Columbl:;:. Hat c:) ••
Gc)rge Ilo Lu.or.ll.n
::u!'1'i.:..t CO "
... hel'e are aJto6s1hcr ~2 ronuf:u:lturl·.g plants in ..JWlbury
cbtulnlng
I>.
<l
leo. electrio
e to 10 tareo
wer rate tllan .5 cents For t . lI . h.
:ho
"t
.:.t:.:l
in 80.:18 oasoo the
~nu!.'!otur(!rB
~rom
o"sr 11<1" a flat ... O':f8_ rate 01 .",':; . :>0 per :nootl••
ctn.ot1ll'1 '"
industria.;; 1'8:),,1r8 lh"
•
i.'
teo of :. ...11 8EtJ.bll!:2:.Inellta Oper!l.tlrlt; Cl'J".;or. of
!.W
110.:
ts of ...ianbur1 ar.d a
"'81\'
at_or
ete::.: in tr.eir ma..uf~ct·U'lnc proo8Dseo , and
Bossett, therefore for
ste~
pla.:;te hac oaUf:e!!
to de::,end eltirll]; u!'on steam both "'or .o>'l'or ar.d
r;;.::luf.!otur1ng uees. II
oct of these pI
to bO":fever , publio aervioe
power currellt ie used to 11.13 large no extent :lZ pooeible bocnuoe
affordine; more cor.:TOniont tl.nd lees costly power .
The .J/l.D.bur;7 i:. Dethel Ja.!l I:. L.lootrio Lit1ht '::0 •• ie one of
the
02"
f.mport:mt )1 tte £;TOUp of public service
controlled by l!enry L . !ioherty , the
gre~t
c;)rpor~tiono
,;e.1 YJrk "'lnanoior whoce
interests oontrol simila.r public service oorporationD in lIenver .
!oledo , .:it ... oDeph . ..ueens 30ro1l(;h a.1.d r.. WlJ
ot"'~T
':Le :.>ohert,7 i-tar" tc co .. trol Sor::e 180
+:r.rdUCL 11 00 bL atlon of
•
.cthods
n."l~ nile
e~ort
t~e
WlU!e .
a.nd
su;.ervisiOI , tDOde:-n lI.:;lOOU!ltln(;
lll;;;e e:::t, tlle,e corpor:ltio .. 1l 11;."e secure,] the
hiet.est P _sible de.:;ru 0.6 e!!ioieno7. Termi
coets to
eo
corpor!l.tio~c
oonStu:'lerf: .
1n£ t:)e loweo.t poceibh
�l li S
•
::1..1c
"'~C;1 ef!lcJenO,7 re~ ~t
than
'11':1 H.
L f.,1'o;..1;8
be: pas!' Ible in tho oa se
~
'bene"lt to tho rubl1c
tI:lllll local OOrpOl'BtiODEl
or if the plant were munioipally owned .
ll6!U'y :. .... oherty '" "';" .
at g
,,:.11 ..t
.•
indllcf;rla.lc <>-!
:;e
i
1~
c. banking oorporation looo.lted
Yor;, ::t1:;;;, . ""bl. l::.as 81'0010.11::84 1a1'681,7 1
.bllo u t ll1tloo .
:::he .Johert,7 OOID! any
Jntrol
~d
oror<:.te :." c 197 dl!!ersnt
publio ut111t.7 c:.d industrial corporo.t1..:u,ethroushout the United
JtllteS . Eecr] L. :Doheriy Ie 'a1:e1'a11,7 conoe ad to bo 01".8 of the
koenest W'ld most :!u:;cBcoful financiers i. t'he COWltl",?' 6..'1.d hie Great
•
diver ity of enterprisco :ll'S the Bvlds:'loe 01 hie Ll'oC:-s.;elvo £21r1t
Qnl the
ide Soopa 0-1' hie _otlvitie •
_he _olert7 oO!ll.lany 00011,[7 four :f10(.>1'
sky
801'0.,81'9
0" o. e at the b4;
in the heart or u.s fInanoial distriot . One !loor is
given over to tho
,;;eo.Elr_~
,""'i008 r..rd le:;:Ll delllrt 'O.lt . a.:...d tho
other Voors ;;.re "oour ied rcepectlvely
:1 the encineering del1Q.l'tmed ,
the banking depart::!snt ar.d the ac(,:,untinc departr:snt . ZQ.oh of these
de art-nents hae
4
0.
larse staff of the a.blest man to be !"und 1:
trair reEp8ctive linea .
"':very ye ... r U.e Dohnty org3ZlizJ.aon takeo in from uent;
•
to fort,. "ralluates of' v'lri,m:J co'le.:;es .
It r.a.e been ;'Foll establ1.E'hed th:..t Iiohert;
l'ublio 3ervloo corroratlon mefUlB cuoooeeful
acamont of a
~a(,eme:1,t
Ilnd the beet
!'oseible servioe at the 10weet poesible oost to the public .
The Danbur,y &. J3ethel Gas &: ....leotrl0 Light Co .
diroot 1000.1
l!lLl.Ila~me ...
ot
I.[r.
I
is under the
Cl.arles B.. l!erritt , its l'resident ,
e.."1d he ll:l.d his oomp,:;.:,,. ha.';'e alWo.;s been fore;:JOst ir, any and ever;"
IM.tter relatt.ur; to th.e batterC".e'lt B!'ld upbuildlne of :anburj.
1.:. :;Jor.ertj h1medf bae tsken a great rereonal interest in
Do;mbur;r . ... or eX&Jrple the thOuso.ndfl of employees of his oompanies
•
tlU'oUBhout the oOUJ'ltr.1 have been urged by him to buy only :!lanbury
made hats .
�l liD
•
La h:ls bee' a co .elstent "booster" for ...Io...'lhuxy in 81'81J pJr;- fble
&1 . ::.1'l'o.y8 eager to u,dvert'se ito adva£.ta,:ee. ::"8 8!>Iend14
oleotrl0 ad'f8rtlS1l'l13 811)11 "Danbury Crowns
evtae!lce
of l".le interet" L
l"ho~
AU" is one o! tr,e
this co=nlty •
.. h& :i'.4;lbury l.:. llethel G.. s &.
~lectrlc
L1t;:ht ';0 . , operate
their gaa ar,d eleotrio I'farl:s on au area adjacent to the ra11road
yards in the center 0" the oity . Their inveatC!l.I1t 11 Danbur,. Ie
!'ully ... 750 . 000 . !bel employ 46 men and payout Dvery42 , OOO per year
in "acea . Their plant in Da.nbury produoes electrio 11(.>ht an/! pawor
current s.nnuo.U,. to tho value of
•
OV8r
..,150 ,000 .
:'h8 !lfLnbu.r:,r t: Bethsl Street 2allWs.y :::ompany eell light
and }lower current to t'he adJaoent viUac;:e of Nswto',m and sell
po;vor current looally to the ';"anbUl'l Eat :::ompan,y . Ar:lerioan Hut {.;
Fur Oompan,- nml oi.
Following
h, .
l!:lliory &:
ar"
~one .
tbe users of eleotric power ourrent L." tho
Danbury area , tbe rrimsr; boroe
~ower
b"ina given atter the name
of each oonSUl:Ier :
Onion .saker;
3 h.p.
i::err Chemioal Co • •
2 " "
D. ';uolntoky
•
25 "
Danbury llfC . Co. ,
20 "
Charles Rlil1r
12
Danbury 3q,unre Box Co .,
n
9
D. Deoker & 30n
Creen Automobile Co .,
9
Tomaino Eros .
5 "
148oJ. Gnrage
stearne Lime Co ••
3 "
170 ..
n
t:orloch i,;s.chlne ,orks
';:llelton :).lvenport
•
40
It
Vaea C}-am.ioal Co ••
BOBCh
l!fg. Co ••
3lbrldga Cerr; Co ••
E:l11 I.: Loper Co "
5 "
2 "
10 "
..
�170
•
F.
,.
Goo •
..
l"Ireed,7 &. Co "
"'Hen
2 "
3 .. "
Jonn Hornig
Danbur; 'Jeld1nG Co ••
2 "
l.Ioran Broe .
•
IS&4o uostrollB & Co ••
;)0.:'1101e /,; Il'imp et
".
H1HlIulell Etc 'trio Co • •
, Co ••
H. LIe Laohlar.
Tweedy ::;ilk J.l111s
Irat ' l . ::!leo . Utilities Corr .
D:J.nbur; 0&1'1'18,88 Co ••
A. n:lnneer
20
2
5
12 "
Columbia Eat Co • •
7Z
2" "
Jobnson
2 '
O. A. L",,12
Geors. 1:0 Ld.chlo.n
95 "
Imperial SIlk ,jorks
15
Danbur]" ll'ews
20 "
·p yramid Garage
Clark Box Co .
I
Danbur y :Buss ,1orks
,I .
r·
Shine
p . Durkin
C. F . YookUo
Peck :'ur Co ••
Dlamor.d Hat Co ••
•
50 "
100 "
Ernsts Bak8r7
,. ,.
•
' "
9
6
;. C • .Pe!fe!'a
GilD .
40
1
,Jheeler
L;,.
:lO
2 .,
Jr.ort Bat Co ••
•
15 h op .
Hoyt Ceesenger Co ••
=. ,. Kallory ". Sons
•
40
6 "
1
"
.
10 "
5 "
150
40
'
.
1 25 ..
200
Amerioan liattel's &: Furriers CO . '0 "
Conneotiout Glue Co ••
"
60 "
"
�171
•
,.
". ,.
D.
10 h. p .
Loewe
2
HamU ton
Danbury Garage
a. Lon~a
r . .,. 3a:rtley
..
n.
3 "
3 "
3st .
1
Dick
Tine
Son
l;
5
Turner It9.chlne Co • •
G. Pastore &: Co ••
F. S. Olmsted
3 "
20
Sohllster &: Co .•
Danbury :lug Jorke
5 "
Pl110n l uto Co • •
12 "
Asher papiBh
90 "
C.
,.
12
f
Robinson &. Co • •
F . A. Hull
&;
•
"
1
Prompt Pr1ntery
"
10
Son
Zapherson BrOB .
3 "
llo Phal1ng . !atate
10 "
H. E . Uoeker
15 "
Bartley
5
Clancey
&;
Von Gal Bat Co . ,
10 "
25
De Kl,vn Bolcery
..
Danbury
R~rd\TarB
Co ••
L . Hall
Eine 30x
&
5 "
3 "
Printing Co • •
Ue'1f ::Jlglo.nd liB.t Co ••
.
"
6'
Uell' J.:soh1ne CO '
•
45 "
5 "
Cu;U Hat Co "
•
5 "
Delol:.ery Bat CO '
t
John " , Creen &I .,ons
The Danbury 00 • •
,7arner 1iros .
Co • •
25 "
6
60
50
125
50
It
"
�172
•
S. A. G. Eat Co ••
10 h . p .
l."urph1 Gol't:l8.ll Co "
Solvents Reoo1'ery Co .
I
Ball &: 3aller Be aring Co ••
C. J . Horch
10 ..
If
5 "
It
1.25 .. "
9" •
Herman .Ialther
45 " .•
40
Fountain
~:1gar
Co .
J . ;:.' . lIiohole Bottling Co"
!Jorrloon &: liunham
•
Da;rton
t,
..
5" "
It
12 " ..
Hayward
1 • "
35
Balr","Untiedt ":0 .,
..
rr
35 ..
Co. ,
John :Idil
~e
20
3 " "
Joseph Vaghl
A.. ?
3 • "
5 It"
Hunzeker
!:. C. Gebrek
&;
..
25 " "
Berfedden Silk Mills
Haiton
II
1 " "
I
u.oerloan Eatters
&:
n
n
:"urrlere Co • • bave a 400 horee power
stenm plallt "Which they operate at a coot of ... 26 , 000 per ye:u • .:he:1
also hs.ve 90 boree power eleotrio motors , olll"ront be ing BupJ'llled
by the .. troat 38.11110..7 Cot:r.'31lY , They alao develop 90 borse power
by water .
E • .I.. Ual10ry & Son!) , bave an 850 horee power ete!lCl plant
and uu 3000 tone of 000.1 per year to operate BatlS . Their eleotrio
motor equipment provides 200 horse power additional a.'1d they
puroho.se their ourrent al!:o frol'l the street 3ailway Co . ,
Eoyt l!eDDenger Co "
develop 375 horae po".'ter with their own
ctaam plant and ruso have a 125 horae power electrio pO'lfer oquipmollt .
In addition to their own uses they supp1,. their t.en8.!lts with pOwer .
The Danburl- 1roy Laundrl Co "
generates ita own current tor
eleotric light und pOI't'er , haVing a 70 horae po",er steo.o plaIlt and
engine to opersta the generator . :hel use 80ft ooal for tuol at
... 7 . 50 per ton , thus fuel OODt belns ..,2 , 700 per yellr.
�173
•
Tt.1t E' . Ii . Lee Hat :::':' "
operates a 1350 horee pOWer
steam plcnt and generate electric pOlYer :;lurrent for their own ulte •
• he ;,.tonm pllUltll Ororlltl!1t. eleotric generat1ne plante
are tllora!ore a8 follows :
..' .
J,;. ,
Lee ;...(l.t J.;, .,
1350 h . p .
lla.nbur.1-.'roy Laundry
~anbur.:r
.
•
•
6.
.Bethel Gas
EJ.eotrlo Co .
70 " "
il:
I
16l!bury " Betbel
::)treet &: Ns.n_ay Co • • -
2000 " "
1200·' "
�174
•
~
!4l
lrt.
~olo
or
•
o.stabllsL
~r"
.. o follt;
...:-t t rou.g
r:
Da.:lbur:; Creamol'Y CO "
e ::tOaJ:l
.uallbwof r,rlntL u OJ. .
50 .• "
15 "
(pa.rt b; eleotrlo)
If
125 ....
35 " ..
An1ele &. !rl!11pet
150 " .. (part b:r oleotrlo)
125 0, "
3.0earo .. liver rlat. Co .,
::0. .
u . .... . &: .I.; • .;,8ttalro CO .
.i.ila;;.<J1l4 3nt Ce'
no
20 0' " (vart by eleotrio)
HUI &: Lo/er Co. .
h . .......0 Lacl"4-1.M "
"ae
blie SOl' '00 ourre~ ... _0
20 " n
• .:il:olton Duvenport
aoelclor Laundr;
250 " " (p.:.rt bl
I
I:eaol
250""
20
It
..
(part b; eleotrio)
Bo.;t - .:.:oofl ll(;8r C~' "
375
n
••
(p~t
:.. A.
850 " " (part br electrio)
~lor,.
l
.jone
&:
Amorloan liotterf &: PurriersCo . 400 0' "{
"
1,. ... . LoeWe
'.
100 ' .. (
J. D • .:iborm4n
& ... einon
Co ••
"'ew I.:!l(lhlne C( ••
1.:utua1 Fur Cuttina Co ••
Von Gol &1t
J~ .
r08ter :3roo ••
b,7 eleotrlo)
10 " " ( with rent)
~o
Tarset
•
1'..
. .. atntlon Ie a..de of
the 1188
1'. Yount ... one &: Co ..
•
It_ OT'
l'lI.!1 .
t
0J:o:tat.!
u:ta.o· ,","1.
':a
I
.. "
50
40 ., .,
150 ' "
125 .. "
eo " .,
10 " " (witb rent)
:: . !.. .... :-oh
50 ' ,
�175
John ,/ . Green
.;) .
Ji.. C ·
~t
300 l:. . p . (part eleotrIo)
O~ "
jlelohrey Hat
&,
100 .,,,
40na
90 ""
co "
90
t.."tu-Pr:l Cor_an Co. ,
'f
(
"
(part eleotrio )
"
3.lr.!on &; heaD
150 " .,
:1:.8 33,tes Co • •
225 " "
ISO " "
45
Berman "al tbor
Bethel ' lbt :ormill(!: 00 ·1
175 "
~O,LB &;
(part eleotrio)
300 " "
It
100 ' " (part electrio)
balrd-tIDd tet4 0( • •
G• .;. • .;ihepard
"
75 " " ( part oleotrio)
Bcrfedden Silk Ul1la
•
It
200 " " ( part water)
Deaver Brook Paper Uill
Co. ,
200 " "
TbeBe thirty nim etell!:l v1ante Qoneume 67 ,000 tone of ooal
yearly.
study of these pOll'sr l'lante dose not Il.'pear to establish
anr baSic eb.r:dard on which to eetl",ste 008t ot ooal per borse power
per year ,
8.8
the oonsumption varies gre!ltly as '11'111 be Been by the
foll0l'11ne Ugures :
•
850 h.p . plant consumeo
3000 tons per :lsar
225 " "
2500
250 " ,
2000 "
376 "
•
'I
"
lBOO
100 " "
1000
125 "
If
1000
100 .. "
1000
150 " "
1000
125 .• "
305
80 " "
275
45 " "
250
TheBe fisuree were Biven by manufaoturers snd the reason tor
�176
•
the varianoe 18 found in tbe kind of rower pls.nt used and tbe
extent to 1I'1',10h lhe etaa' 1s ueed for hetltlns or other purp0880 0
AS near as we oan learn however frOID 1'1Yo to Beven tone per
7.,8r 01 bltunlnoue Pittsburgh coal nre required for horBe power
of plant .
QrlHnarlly ooal suoh as 18 used in DanbUlj oan be puror.aBed
and 4011v8r&4 at .)5 . 15 per ton and theretore it oan be stated
that under normal oondltiona the cost of operatIng a steam power
plant in Danbury 1s from
~26 , OO
to
~36 . 00
per borBe power per year
for cost of ooal alone . On thi6 baSis a 100 horSB power steam plllllt
•
would represent a ooa1 cost of about $3 , 000 per year in addition to
the oost of labor .
:Following o.ra como of the figures ot yearly 000.1 oonsumption
in Danbury :
Rogers SHver PtatiI1B Co "
1000 tons -
B. lie Lachlan &: Co ..
2000
J,l.
A. &:
J.e .
Bettaire
700
1800
Hoyt- lleeeena;er Co ••
•
.
9 . 000
26 , 000
Al!Ieriaan Eattere &: PurriersO•
... &, 000
1300
' Loewe
'.000
1 , 000
Target &: Jeimon Co"
L:utual Fur Cuttins Co .,
1000
Delohrey Eat Co .,
1800
JOM• •/ . Green &. aone
1000
Jimoh &: Kee.n
1400
Tho Be.tes Co . ,
2500
Beaver Paper 1:111
2100
:he coal used by Danbury manufacturers largely comes by all
rail from ,lest ern Penneylvanis :fields, principall., shtplle.1 "ro.., 'lontn'<'ord
Coal coml~ o)ver tl:e :!r1e . n.Y . o .
•
trane:fers to the !j . Y. l,.H. at
8,; , .
or Lehit;h- Budeon ,
~:;brook •
Coal coming over the liew York Centrsl trans:fere to the
11 . Y. ll . H. at 3eaoon .
�177
•
Coal coming over the ·Pennsylvania or LehIgh 'falley tru.'1s:!s!'s
to tbe :: . Y. - l; . l!. at Harlem 3iver .
The freight rate over any of tl;.:H:;O routes tram the coal 11elde
to Danbury Is $2 . 60 .
The freight rate on coal to lie" Haven . a :fifty mile longer
baUl is the llame.
This seems unfo.lr to Danbury. The frelBht rate on coal all
rail to !lew Yo r k is ...2 . 20 per ton .
Us'\'/' 3!l.glllnd coast oities have the advantaGe of lowsr water
•
rates on ooal . :E'er eXS!!!ple the rate on ooal by rail trom the mines
to PerU. Amboy or Cornwall Is ... 1 . 55. The water r.;.te 1rol:1 thenos
to ':;outh Norw:lJ,k Is 45¢' . 7hls 11l1:eB a total rail ll.'1.d ?later rate
of .",.2 . 00 a.nd gives tiorwalk an edv(llltage of 60rt per ton on 000.1
over Danbury .
As the rail rate on ooal from I10rwalk to ..lanbury Is 60¢ there
is no ad'l'£Illtage to llanbury in shipment of 000.1 by part rail and
part water .
1s the prioe of ' 0;:10.1 at the mines for nIl oODsumero is the
same . the adva.nta&s of ons oommunit,7 over Mother in coal oosts is
dependent entirel:! upon the freleht ra.te =d :,anbury iEl handioapped
•
therefore .,ith a '::2 . &0 ooal !rcirrbt rate as oomr:arsd lTitt a mucb
lower ooal freight rate to OOI''.e other oities , but this handioap ie
net eo great es to be 0. serioue injury to this oO!lJllMit,. as a
oanuf..:.cturin", looation.
Forexampls 8 Pbiladelphia. canutaoturer would obtain ootll. at
75{ leGS per ton tb.!::n a :Janbury m:mufaoturer . If he 1Uled 500 tons
per Jlsa.r he would operate at a lees cost than his ...anbury competitor
of only ... :;575 per ,7ear , ':7hio:'l ·,1ould not be an itew or ereat 1J::lportanoe .
~
a large proporoiot ion of coal used :Cor produotion of power
comSI: from the Pittsburg ooal nelde and bears the Pittsburg dictriot
•
frdf;bt rates a comparison of these rates ie intere2tiD.f; as follows :
�178
•
::0 l'itteburg _, _, • . • . •••• • ••
• .;le'1ela' ,J • ••••• • ,
n
ol ello
. 43
.J.
'\ '.,.," , ,.,,, ,
1 . 00
. • , ., . . , ' •.•• . •.
1 . 25
1 . 40
1 . 90
.i. hlladell'hle. ...•• • .. . . • .
2 . 20
1 . 85
...
" »1 "falo
. . . •. • . .. . " . .
'De troi t
,0'; ~:;c~~,_ ::::::::::::::::
~!'tt ,
"
.7.
l'a ... . . . .. ' •••• . • • •
: ~~~~:n: ? : . :: : : : : ::::;
. 70
1. 80
" Cint;ltnattl •• • • • •• . • •. •••
1 . 10
1 . 90
'. :.:.11":'faul:oe • • •• • , •• •••••• •
1'1 tteburc 00a1 rWlB 14 ,000 to 14 . 500 ,::. . ... U. 1n
hea~
value aD a...,alnBt 10 ,000 to 12 ,000 ", . _. U, value or Ohlo , Indiana
and Illl.nole ooal .
•
The hO;1t value otooll.l 1s bou;t f;1ve n inorotl.e"C Ilttention
by
••mltaotlll'era Wl1 l.:l:ge
0018U1lErs
8J.:111]610 tute . .. -'Ills of the st.ea.::'n
urcrs rWlB as 10.
!It
no,""
an~
11 , 3:0:9 ,:;. . _, U
purol.a~e
coal on 1l . T.U.
oosJ. used b; G:b.lollGo lDOJ'.utaot oont.:tlns 3 . 05 • er oent
"Ja tJ.t 0. 10 r oost ~d freie>ht r_tes dOet: not
dolla r
. giva as mucl- po;rer per
titS t'he hier. olas£' 00;;:.1 o· i -t. fro the
:;uli'hur! Suol ooal
?lttebllrgh d'
a:: iB used in
.. tet euo
.... 0 o~al
uso
b; ':"W!bkr,7
etesmlae; oot.l mlla'.l: in
red
•
i
~~bt1l'y •
!lIa.::nda.o~'lrer
Ie.
tl.
b11;ilminouB
1:0 peo. n' Ducal.ss.t I!f!.::e_ . Z"llera are
tio e in ....a.nbux,7 a o c.1let tr.e u.se of eoft collol uil manu:fo.cturer£ .
'::on:;U~
ilit!'loul
to
" 10 reoe .'. abnor
1;11.10 det'in1w1y tl
:.=y
~,ar.ut1),oturere
~l
co'.!l , .... 100 ..
ooe+ o!
1t
... dl....:.COfl
Is
.luI II .oJ.:lnbur".,
c.ro 10:1" .llyiT1t de 14i( a:.; ....7 . 50 per
tOl
for bituminoue 000.1 . Others wl'o had t he wisdom to otoo;' up 10.st
SllllmlCr :lIe operl.l.tlnt; on ooul 'hich copt 'he' ,;5 . 15 rer tor .
:11.0 1
I.oest car.o.
0'"
oal in .:lanburol i8 o!'erl,l.tine .lith
ooel that oost " .. , 20 ror ton . X' 1:: s c.fe to say that
La
or mal
lrloe in .l.JlI.nbury for bltup..inoue coa' , deliver" 10 .S . lCi per +01 .
run of mir.o
•
:'bet.s are aa
:!1)110~B :
• ";-.:nd lrland
••
..
.
j/lC:OIS
. er on.1l&~r
!!It_boa .. :l;.aplll!Ul
~
40 h , p .
a
~
"
1 ., "'g!l!!ol'na a:lc>1!la )
5 " "
�179
•
_:18 latter ucea a toGe OJ glne lr.!.7
"')1'
~1l co~re~~or
operating;J,
t ide ,)! .o';';u' • tu'""Doaea a number of the
plWl .
~'l!aot\lring
pI;;.: te incluilirJ.t. t1 II h"'tti"l... pl..urte u:Je u JOlleiJorablc a: ..oll1lL of eat;
~'lr
'1d'::r:i:rial purpC'£os .
,Th.'10 tb.J
o~:.Lo ",Co
rate
.p ...
01 _ .... 1 b;' "r.e .J3.I.b"'-J E. S!ltlel .;;us
~t
l"h it 1e not ble
~L'o!,
.0 eLi tt.e r!l+
industria.l rats ! a
0}
3:' low III t:he bJ.S rate ie
(.;.1:
....1 . 35 i'sr !.:. 'IJ:o lOr' rer
ht C.J ', ru;; _. four
'd'C.3'hl~:
PIll'-
~c ..
"!or)
ost
~itlel; •
folloWE :
r.:.
if p .....1d b.l
C.O 15tl. •
For c~e~:;~~'\,i~ :.r:gs -p~;f:::O~~~~~e c~~~~ ~u~o;Sl~~~tt .
....:1 ..law uS'd iJ ... 0 8 I)t - ... . COO OU . :!t . 1'01' ilion
801" !lor 1.:. 10';8 10,. I"" l!l" b;:r tl e 15tb •
• olloVo"ing Ie
!.os £lgeles , Cal .
... otroit , ::1ch.
l:ll,;c.ute~ , .;i..: .
D.
. 70
. 7~
. 75
.7'
. 30
'" .'In,; .cJ.pide , :.:.tor .
.... L-)uir , ;':0 .
. '0
~ltit!lore .
Ud .
~Joto , t:uss .
Ca.Mbrl(lf,e , :.!ass .
ChlollGO , Ill.
Clevelruld , O.
Danver , Col .
~1l11
.:liver , l..-. ce .
llin!leo.r ::Ilie , :!i:-.n .
~:~ ~~:f:~r ~: .::08D.
.lJU]ton , Ohl0
lawell , lI!l<:e.
Providence , ::: . ! .
...;:-ir'£:1eld f 1:ac=.. .
.Io.ch t!;. ton , :l . C.
:·e\Tllr~
•
.Lo .: .
Camden , •. • J .
Pllte.rJOli . :· . J .
lio.rtford , Conn .
Oo.kIand . Cal .
Jerse: ,Jit: . ':;.J .
obtll\.. od
00 T':;r.ra:t '.ve list of o.rtifioial gt.c rate!! in
_r .o..l1cieoo ,': o.l .
.orces'cr , L:Hl .
.Jo.nbvr; , ':::o:,::
,jar.
•
totl£.;J.O.iI oubio fcet
_leot 10 _
belew to eo\'!' .1.10r. is 10.er Un: 'le
vl.:.riouz cities , (.I.e 9.!lpl1ed to
•
1 • ..35 per
or 1...1'.,e c ... :sumpt!on"o
• be :publllf (3d s-a8 rate 1t
•
~
. 75
. SO
.'0
. 00
. BO
. 00
. 00
. 00
.'0
.'0
.'0
. so
. sr;
. 85
.as
.8'
.0'
.. 90
. 90
. 90
.'0
. 90
0':'101' J.tld induo":r1..:.1 usee :
.Je,," H.lVen l ~onn .
.;icbmo!ld , ';J,. .
_rentOI , ... ';.
_ort:ru.u • • re .
. 90
.:..71'ao':.<=..e . :- . 1 .
. 90
. 90
. 95
. 9;)
.. '. •
. 95
.Paul , ~ll1l .
_ache .. ,,_ • •:_1.
201edo . O.
. ')[0
. 95
1 . 00
1 . 00
.3iI:1int;h(l1r • .utl..
1 . 00
3:eo.d1nl . Po. .
1 . 00
lle;v Orle~e ,La.
1 . 00
Bulte.lo , . • Y.
1 . 00
3rldC;e:Jort, COILn .
1 . 00
I.oui~ e vill0 ,1:\,J.
1 . 00
L:nn, .;Jo.SlI .
1 . 00
!i3.:;ivi'le , 13M .
1 . 00
PhUadelphla , P..:. .
1 . 00
:'itteburC . I'a .
1 . 00
cicranton , 1'£1. .
1 . 00
.ubaz:;r .
1 . 10
'2aoolll!l. • •ia.al..
1 . 15
Omsha , !leb o
1 . 15
Wltonl0 , '.. ar..
1 . 25
~alt Lake Cit: , uto.h. 1 . 30
.. pok3ne , .iaab .
1 . 40
J.!epb1li , Tenn .
1 . 00
,-, oattle .'Cool. _
.... tla.r.t.:l. • • a .
j... .
"'lIl
. 90
_he abOVe rates are only for arti:ficial 6as .
�18 0
•
natural gas 1a oupplied to manuiaoturera in Ohio ,
,;e::;tern l'enn3ylvania and ,;6St Virtiinia nt 151-" to 17rf :per thousand
teet and the rate ::or natural bas ir. kiooe Oklahoma nnd Texas
~:;.
towns 1 ...
I;!
ION as 4{ and Sri per thousund .
Cleysland , Or.ic baa been boastinj,; "for lI'.any ,.saro of ita
16r/ ,sus , but loll the Ohio and Pittsburgh iHstrlct oo=lt1es &rG
l ookln,;; forward to an entire ceseation of the
few ;eal'a and even now
.~:mufactUl'era
iII
ga~
no;";' rrithir. a
thoBe eeotiorw va hand i -
cllpped by unoertainty of supply and are turninG to otber £:1 aldo
•
or tto ace of ,1-roducer gas mt..de
:tro~
:;heap gaa hsd lutd alleh to do
tlJe
~las3 .
coal .
at
itt the eevelopment
pottery and rubber tire l:ldustries in the Pittsburgh
dletrlot .
The endin.:; ot the :::atural Co.!:: carply will C:ltleo tho
~dustrle&
further sprea.dlll6 out "Of t}(tS9
into otiler parts of the
countr;;r .
:'!:J.e arti:t'icia.l eas of
,j....·'bur]'
is surpl1e1 fr,ClIll thQ well
equipped J::lOderr-, gae "1:;1rks oi tl.e Da.'1bury
LiGht 013 .
~iB
csraolty of 117 ,000 cu . ft .
•
t;.
.3ethel Gsa & Electrio
;;l:!nt is elu1pped w1th two holder::: r.J.'Yins
~he
w/lter gas procel::o cf
0.
total
l!l....'u.!aotura
ie uaed .
.l,10 ooMpar.y operates &5 , 5::! miles 0:1' pipe
servec the entire city i:::
0.
11ne and
varl catiaf3ctory o .....(mer . ,:n..e ea1eo
of 60.s of tJ:ls CO!lJ!lmly amount to ever ...100 , 000 o.nnu.o.lly.
~o
manufaoture this GaB 1765 tons of :mthraoite oeal are use! yearly
ana 32 , 674 gallons 0 .... tar .
1;l add i t loh te thlll ~or all purpoaea tl:.is cotlp.!my uceB
over 7000 tone of bltuminoue 130:'11 yearly •
.d.;;
a bi- product of its plo.nt thir: OO"lpW'lY produces
35 , 957 gallone ::If gas tl.l.r
•
:;9:11'1;7 '
�181
•
:2:.ree Da.:lbtl.!"J ll'1ductrlea use wllter :powsr 'i'('r their
po,,!'!r neede e:i
~her
in whole or part ae f0110"9 :
\{l11i~ jach!rle
Amoric.:;:.n iiatters "
~ urriors
00 ..
3tnver .Brook Paper Co. I
30 h op .
90 " "
110 " "
:U"ere ha.!; been little ..tteort to Je"Jelop the wnter rOYler
reSOllIcec 1-:1 tl.e vloinit./ of :J1l..'1bu....-y and .;It the "resent tl::16
this is
•
Co cotl!lc:ra~ivel'y
Iu "nll
I;.
fe~
rent although 1!l
power Ie
11 oo~on
lcti11e;lble tnoto= .
ossco 1' . ..I&lbury is pO'\'1er furnlBhed ,11th
cJ. nu~ber
of cities tbe
rent~l'l...,
01 epil09 on/!
pro.ctioe .
Ir: Pnter:oon, ::J . J . an additional rental rate of
er:.uar9 foot Is oharged ';'rhcn pOlfer is included
•
•
;1t~
Sf
per
rental .
�152
OOI.IPAIU.TIV'::: .::.nCl'RIC PO:/3R RATE.S
•
III oentlS pel' k.w.h., ba.eed on rote& tor a pl ant having 300
primary horao pOlTer . 60 per oant 100.4 fector and a oODoUtlptioll
ot 100 , 000 k . w. h . per month .
Columwa ,
Ga ,
Cumbar18114
Detroit
Danville
Columbus,
'Il'
DavBIIport , Fall Rivol'
1-£/5
DeBtlolnee, - :i'renton
1-3/5
~Y
1-1/2
1-1 /2
1-1/3
Syraouse
1 - 1/5
1i:odiBoll
•
17oonaook.,t - Brudford
HArt~ord
nushua -
LaokuwlI.nna
Gardner - B1ddoford
i-if>
HagarotOITD
Chioo.go - Lanoaster
RloblJlolld
Lyons - !iover
Clar"eburg
Boston - Conoord
Coboso - UBrlborn
1-1 /2
1-1 /2
1-1/2
1-1/2
Lewiston
1-1/2
Springf1eld
/.!aBa .
Buffalo
ZSnB88
City
1-'3/5
AUallt.
UaDohooter-C8nloteo
1-3/4
Baltimore
ll""'"
1-3/'
Springfield
"""".D
Oakland
Auburn,
~·av.r17
lJats rtown
Raleigh
l'okoapsle - Do.ytOIl
1-7/10
Ue ,
1l"1ddletOfltl
Chillioothe
st . Pliul
Fort
o1't11
J3erl1n
Oinaunutl
1-1 /5
1-1/6
Peorll- Ueta.phle-tf."tt
1-1/1.0
3url1ngton
East Gr•• :mrioh
..
Obio
Chatta.IJOOg8
Reading
HUntington
•
-I'
-I'
1/2
1/2
r'
~
~l'1lQy
.'/5
96/100
Olean
Yonker_ , Indlanllpolla
1-1/4
AmsterdtJ,ri.- Al toona
1-1/4
3pr1ug!ield , uaaa.
;";heeling-- i11uaton S .
lfJ,/'
:11agara hlla
Los .AnSells
14-1 /6
~erett
-----------------------1 -1 /2
- 3
New Br1 taln $11 per month
~o
por !l . P . per year
IO ¢' per :.c . w, h . per 10:0 .
�11>3
•
HYDRO
~C1'RlO
P03Sl.BIlITltS
Da.nbury ' a chief eye-60re, the Still aiTer , llliaht nr1 well
lie turned into. IDOst ",slu.ble U1d Wleful tool.
IAst.ad of. praotioally nulo1l1 and unoert:lin atrlla.m it
lIIight lie mad. II lIIun. for prollOUng the industrial de'Yelopllflnt of
DaDliury.
Itl pre.ant "alnll 110 far 8S lliutbury 1s cOlloen!!d 11 111
6~1:~i~": :~;r~O::: ~.p~:!e;O B;~~k ~:~!~~o:·!ie~;.&b~~r1era
it only de,..lopi • total of 230 borae power for the8e thl'e.
eatabllaMenta and 1s Tery unoertain in its 601'1'100 • .&11 of theliJe
pllLllta depend ).ars.ly upon ete.1II or !!Il.atr ia current for pOwer .
Nenr- tho-l... tbe little Still RiTer haa important pOllsl11111t1 u
•
Ita Bouroe 1e Lake Kenosha ILlld witb II six foot dam at the
outlet and ntalniug walls from this 118111 a short IHstanoll down either
!l1d. of the lake, this could be made into a rosonoir a mib lona
half a !lib wih and holdUs a suffioient storage of water throughout the Ylar to Ir.aure ample Tolume for .. large hydro-eleotrio
dl'Telopllllnt . The e upply oould be oonl'eyed in oonorete or lletal pen
stook the three m11ell to Danbury or to .0. pOi):lt below Danbury and
thl small oontributory atreall8 oould aleo be oonfinld i n the slL!lle
way , w the enUre Tolume disoharged into tbl regular oourel of
the riYer at thl most conTenient point . In tr,is lIIS.Mer a fall of
OYer 100 feet oould be obta1aed and it 1s estimated tbat the l'olume
:-.f water thus obtained oould be made to del'elop not le88 tban
10,1)00 boraa po",er .
Suob power oould III ut11isld to operate an elaotrio road
to Bre"lIter8 or industrial purp08ell .
1RTestm!l1~r~;ai:e °in:~;:II~i:: ::;I~:::~~n:O!!~~r~:af!r p~:;!t~:;:
tbe ,umual, ooat of co a l to produol on equ:&l amount of po",ar .
•
fbe COlt would ilIOlude injury to owners of repar 1an rights .
but it ia prob!l.ble that eOlAl part of the cost oould be met by
IJgreement with property Q';fners ill Danbury Who would hal'l ~150 . 000
wortb of laniJ reclawiJ for uee through 4i1'8r8ion of the wu.tere of
still RiTer .
I t would s,))plar tho.t this matter was at least worthy of
oardul st.udy and that hydraulic powlr engineers should be ensased
to make &l'I estimste of ooats and of the possible power deTllopllllltnts.
If suoh a aurTlY IIII.de a eatisfaotory sho'Nina: without doubt
some larse Ue. York or Boston finanoial interests could be induoed
to undertake the projeot .
•
�1&4
•
•
�185
..
THE PROBL
S OF LABOR
If Danbury oould truthfully say to the Vlorld that this
oity :
1 - Had ampl e and surplua labor supply of all ldnds,
2- That labor coats wore 10tier hero then elsewhere .
3 - ThBt thore were no labor troubles of Il.lly kind and no
arbltrllI7 oonditione &XIloted by labor organizations ,
then Danbury would
prOJ:lp~ly
become the leading industrial center
of the oOUlltry for manufaoturers woUld flock hero from every state
in the Union .
Ilunbury cannot malta these olaims , but it stando to ronson ,
•
that anything which the oitizens of Danbury Qall do tOl'l'ard placing
the oity in a mora favorable position regllrdlng these threo COIlditione will make Danbury a more desirable location for lrICnufeoturlng
and will be one of the important mallDS for securing new ll:ldustrlee ,
rii thout queatioll . labor oondi tions oonsti tute the !;lost im . port&.nt feature in the industrial situation in any cOmllUnity.
As labor is euoh an important element of all canufaoturing ,
labor GOata Snd labor conditions are frequently the deto:t'1ilining
fnotor in msasuring the sffioienoy of a city as to its desirnbility
ss a manufaoturing 100ntion.
•
It is therefore the purpose of this ohapter to ahol7 the
relative positioD of llonburr (1.8 a labor market .
It is o.lao the purpose of thie repcrt to make such reoommendations BS Clay appear proper regarding the improving of looal conditions bearing on the subjeot of lnbor .
It i8 senseleso for anyone to exprees a feeling of helpleesness r egarding the labor situation in any city to the effect that
condi tions cannot be ioproved. I.:o.ny oi ties whsre labor oondi tionB
have been far l ess favorabls thBll they are in :Ja.nbury havo greatly
imprOved suoh oonditione through wise and porsistent effort .
~
•
labor situation should be faced squarely . There ehould be
no ev~sion and no pre~udioe . Personal opinion should be subjective
�•
and those who faoe the labor problems should do so ui ~ open at:d
reoeptive mnde .
I n no oity iD tbe antire oountry is the labor queotion more
1liIporhnt than in Do.nbury . Thio is aD industrial oo=ity and the
ten thousund Ifsge e a rnera in our faotoriBs and plaoes of busibe ss
oonstitute an aeset of inoal oulable value as well 0.0 a oonstant
menaoe to its prosperity.
As tb& mllllUfooturillg interests represent tb& bo.okbone and
oOlJl':leroial strellgth of the COlilIiunity, it is the dut:r of the OOQlll.unity
and of ito reprssentutive oitizens to aid the manufuoturinC interestll
•
by oooperating in avory pOBBible way to Glake lubor oonditions in
Danbury aa favorable aa poaBible to those intereste .
hVoruble labor conditions does not neoessarily Dean low
labor oosto. It is a question whether extreGlely oheap labor is deairable e1 ther for the intareats of a oity or the intsroo'!:o of ite
manufaoturers . Some of the oo- called "oheap labor cities" bave proved
far from deairable 8s man~aoturing looations, Tlhi le on the other haDd
aome oi ties where labor is exoeptiono.lly high are oODsiderod espeoially desirable by man~aoturera located in thee tor eznmple
:Bridgeport , ConDo aDd Loo ADgeles, cal . The llltt er oity 1e known far
•
and wide for 1 to h1gh labor oosto aDd ;yet Dotrr1thetand1ng thh no
01 ty iD the oountry baa grawn mora r apidly 1nduotriully . Durlng the
t1rat six monthe of 1916 , Loa ..l..n.gslea gU1Ded 69 new induDtries representing ovor ~12 . 000 , OOO ln invest oapltal.
Far more lmportant tb8.n "oheap labor" 1s "oontollted labor . "
It i8 the dUty of overy city to strlve to oreate suoh
favo r able oonditlons of 11v1Il& us "ill be of the grenteot beneflt
to lts popul ation .
'l'h10 1B e. duty not only to the iDdlvldual reaidento, but to
the oommunlty !teelf, for favorable livlng oonditione go
•
toward a oity ' e iDduatrlal upbuild1118 .
0.
long way.
�157
Every mGnutacturel' knows the advantage of "oontentod labor".
Suoh advantag8a 8r8 created by: -
1.
Low 11 ving ooate
satisfactorY wa~88
BOllle olTllel'ehip Within roach .
Attrq,t1 ve houGing oonditione.
SUperior Bohool advtlDtagoB .
Ample fo.cl1i ties for sllIUoement and recreetion
Aooessibility to work shops
COIJSen1al Bocial and religious Dondi tionB
Good drinki ng water , Scod olimate Dond h8al~h:Ul
and sanitary condit ione.
10. satisfaotory hours and pleasant \"larking ootldit1oDB
ll . hir ~reatc8I1t by oQployera.
2. .
3,
4.
5.
6.
7.
a.
9.
Ehon you find a l'Iorlttlli.Il who io satisfied "1 th hie home, who
likes the community he is living in, and lihe 18 1dentU'lad with
the OOllllllunlt11ntareata of his city you will find
0. I:lQII
nhc wanta
to keep,his J ob and who loll ' t likely to "kiok up a row" 'l"fltb bie
8mplo7era and tbe revorae itl oqually true ,
The matters whitlh Co to J:lB,ke up the reasons for OOJ)tentod
labor "ill be takeJ) up further in l!oto.ll. :sefore oOIlsidering thee
further , however , we will discuss the Vllrioue illiporto.nt clements
of the labor 81tuation as exioting in De.nbury ot tho prco ont time .
Man Power of Danbury
!rho labor oaneue or inventory of the productive hUOM
rescuross of a oonu:ru.nity
tlUa~
fortll the basis for
Wl
flllolyoi8 of
labor oonOi t1 cnB .
This Survey shows the follow 1ng number of ftl1g8 earners
em,Ployed in Dsnbury.
In I ndustrilll Plante
In flte r eD , shope and trades
Total..
7.827
~
9, 877
Of this total there i8 the following sex divla10nlll
Ualee
Fomalea
7 , 268
2 , 609
The cales eoployed are ola801fied in the following vooationa}.
!.!aohiniate ( 1st grade)
n
(2nd grade )
..
) :3rd grade)
FoundrJlll8n
Plumbere &, tinSmiths
Blaokomi the
n
185
160
15
43
20
�•
Electrioians
36
Carpenters &
Wood workers
:t.:aaODa
272
14l'alnter:J
125
~8aaBhrll
46
stationery ZlIg1naers
27
Stone cukera(norkere)
10
Rat LlDJ:era
3 , 899
Leather \7orkera
108
Pa~8r Box makers
Printers
61
4:::
S11k: Uille worke 1'8
Gal'OBnt and oorset
r:w.kera
49
32
:Sottlars
15
Bakers
9!'o
Furriers
•
305
Chem:1ofll workers
Oigar ma1l:81'8
29
48
Laundrymen
Roofers
aa
6
car maD
41!
60
10
Coal handlers
Ioe III&D
Barbera
Tailors
76
££
40
:3
Cobbleu
HarDesa makers
.!alters
10
Clerka
DOlEon labor
91 2
459
The female labor 10 olasal:tied vooationally as follows :
Fur shop helpers
HIlt shop lfor:Cers
:Bakery lI81pera
16.
1 , 259
box me.kero
67
16
170
.PIl~er
•
7
Prlntlna: offioe help
ill: Clill lTorlcar&
Corset & gart:lent
\Yorkers
Chem.1at shops
Laundry \10rkoro
Silver plating workers
Glus p lant \'torkers
Thread mill workers
Wul trooaea
Llill1ners
Dress tICkers
Bail' draBaera
Clerke
Total . . ..
407
6
73
25
6
6
60
20
100
6
__
2"_6_ _
2 , 609
Of the abo.,. feQ8.1. workers 2213 are ecployed ill :tbotoriu .
III oons1der1ng the labor question
•
~rOIJ
the induetriul view
po1nt and in oomparing oonditions here with those 1:0 other oities
only tbe workers in faotor1es and indUstrial plante oun be
oonB1d.r.~
�Ib9
•
we hAve then 7 , 827 "orkara in 1:he induBtrial l'lanta ot
Danbury of which over one fourth (or .e21 3) ere teouleo tlnd 5614
Tho state labor burGllu figures ot 1 916 gl"8 only 4171 male
workers 11M 1 . 788
:t8~1&
Q'orkars tor Danbury but Buoh stnt1otio8
do Dot inolude the Induotrlo1 plonts outalde of
~Dbur1
City
Inoluds!l i n thl0 SUrvey .
Labor Shorti1ga .
Does thia toroe of workera 8uppl y the preaent nOGda of
the induatries of Donbury?
•
The UDDer 1e - DO.
A cw.ref'ul o&nVllOB ot the labor ahortnse altha various
industrial pl anta OhouB that thor. could be 81ll,ployed addi tlonoJ. bdp
bare at tha preo8Dt time as toll0t7B :
Ualea
lI'ema18e
220
~
•••
In othar 'I1orde it !le.nbury tlUnu!9.oturera oould seoure all
the help tha1 Doed at the prosent tics there \fould be 636 OOr8
per BOlla 80p10;:{84 hore whioh would Deen an increase
at tully
$350 , 000 to too annual pay roll of the oity .
•
This state of affairs exists at tbe preoe.ct tice tbrougbout
tba oOUDtry . Thera 1s II heavy l abor sbortage in avery canufaotut'ing
oomlllUnity ot the oountry . DIlnbury is not elrl'ferlng froGl th1e shortage
proportionate l y us muob as aome other oities .
never- tha - lese labor shortage is a serioue hand1cap upon
1nduatr1iil grcwth
and 1 t _111 pay the manufaoturere of IXLnbury to
overoo!» this Shortage br meana 17hiah Ora ent1rely feneible Mnd
praotioal .
Beoause there 1s a labor shortage 18 no ranaon \"Iby effort
should not be Dada to eeoure more 1Ilduatr1es .
•
Labor co.kee labor . In otber
~ordB
t he oraation of 1II0re
opportun1 ties for employmell t baa a tendency to drn" norkere to •
oollltlU.D1tl.
�190
•
L"l <:0 .. >11 of the mos
1lo1!,>orta:1t 1n:l:U1itrla.I. eo::cunlt1ee tho
:ll!llluia.ct.urers r'J.\'or tte aeoul'lns of !'Jore
L.ete~
tb:lt
~,)re
l!l~tl~trles
hellevinL . w...:l.t
COCIletition tor 41;:01' :md sre;J.ter cl".ortU£;8 ,
of crea.tl.l
industries will create
:1
IsrSal' la;,or roarket Wld relieve
the s1.ortsg6 .
BrUgeport 1:> e.n
the Doura of
~ra~e
"~le
of thHlo
he oontinued ef.!ort of
to Deome r:JOl'e b1.. ttrloa 1s full] baokJ'ld u,p
by the CB.llu!aoturers of tl,s oity .
Tbe up 111c'itlon at this idea. ie 8speo1.1.11J' ll1pOrt;.:.nt in
•
oobneotioll
tl' the eeourlno of
lOre industrial; 8'lt11011n.... mnle help.
Juah ;1011 Indut;triea t6!lJ to brl!lB lnto
beads ot f:l:.nlhc
l.:
d tl:.llt
!I.
oOlll!lunlt.7 more
.e!l.l S "';1.8 trin",ll'_ 1'1 of more b::';'1::i !l.L.d
girls ;1ho !Joon take their plll.cas 1
t:r.e mille and '1101"
It can be sta.t d therefor. that one of tile
d.oI's .
ureat means
or
for relleving the chorta e of :female help L'1 u:mbury will b, tlltl
slcc.ri
of ne
i ..duetrie;J 0::::;:101'11'1(; skIlled male ':Vorter!: .
It is :m open luestion !l.S to whether the s.uorta.be of !ama.1e
\7Or:.rers in nm-.blU'J induatr'.al 1J1antf:; is beo!1uee the f8:3Bla labor
supply of tJ:.i! cel.
!l"'l'allable
•
!'6tl:l_ II
--.1'0
be Dea", entire~:7 !lEad u:> or bae:l.~o &..1 t.a
itorkers bave not been induoad to beao.18 .Iage e3rneru .
'tt.on !!lOro than
who might be induoed to :;-or'
;;;000 -(em!1!es in the .I)anbur~ distriot
in industrial plants~
This qu.e<ltion could only be tairly answered b,7 a oardul
sooial ourv8Y of the population of thle: area. •
• he fo110·.11n-g cities hs.vinb a pOpuJ.3tlon in their immedi:lte
industrIal zone abou.t equal to t1:.a t of the Doonbur,7 ~one hav8 the
fo11o"int r.w::ber of hmaleu er.:plo;red:
l,8ft 3r1 taln
.:or iob
le711&ton , Ue .
Chioopee , ::3ES .
.. al thci , 1(ass .
•
!iashus , . . . ]i .
3527
2086
"",.
2595
23>1
217.3
�191
•
Connecticut , 1!9s8!J.chuseota and :Th.ode I:lland Jointly
Glq>loy 937 , 906 factorr waee earners of "hid. 297 , 49& or about abe
fourth arc lI'Omen .
COMBot1aut &lone employs 253 , 727 faotory
11'
e earners
of whioh on17 55 , 357 are tem!lles or Ilbout 5 to 1 .
Using the above averae:eB as a ba£iG of estiJn.ate it Is
probo.ble tlmt .J:l1lbur7 has about uaed up its Dareal !er.:l&le labor
suppl] I:Lltbouah an added or abnor=l DUClber of femn.ls War' ere might
bo seoured throueh the o:ff'orta of an employmsnt bureau or other
•
speoial ;naBna .
It woUld appeo.r tho part of renson to oonoentra.te effort
upon tho seouring of ClOre industries employing male hell. e:rolusiva1l'
or in la.rge rr:)[.ortion , though it would not be good business to Ilb Bolutely tur
MI3J i!ll3uetrie8 that 1i'ould be beneficial to the other
lnduotrbl intereata of .JanburJ; even thout;h 'thoy mit;ht
re~uire
fe=le
help .
There is a greater dOCland tor labor at preaent than at an;y
tice in tLe paot deoade . This is true of aJ.most ever] line ot
industry •
.!I'or uMlple the etatistios ot the state labor depe.rtCleot
•
ot tell York fIl!ow that 111 1916 there were 29, more pereons et:lployed
bl the indu.otriel1 of the ctll.te tbun in 1914 .
The labor short113e or18 18 has been oat in variouc ot ties b;y
new and unusual methods 1'or eupplying Ue needs of the indllBtrieo .
~1a
orieie was very pronounoed in .. al'1 Dadfor/l , Ulloa .
In thdt oit1 the Board of Irl1/1e JoIntly with the manu!aoturers
ond labor uniono 'ifori:ed togethor to prevent 'It'orJ.:ere from leav1ne:
the oitl and to attr:lot more 'It'or~rs to the oity.
One manu:!aoturer sUlJCI(Id the matter up ae follows :
•
""e ere taking !],otive staps to prevent mill oper:itors
bl beillti lured a,wu,y fro'!!. Je1l' Eediord b] o.dvertieeClentti .
OircUl!lN and Bolioit.tne at tl:e mill E!1teC . Do,", we propose
to £to.rt sOll8thing in the - 3.7 ot a. back fire to o.ttraot
workerll from other 100:1t10ns to :;sw 3ed1'or4 . "
�192
•
IndiTHluaJ. Illum.!aotu.rere I,ave r.l8t the orluls in = y caaell by
IIstllbliahine thair own trail.e or lIooo.tlonal training sohoole , O.lId
t/;'U8 trsinll16 oO%lon l:lbor 1C:1 ro.."1 help Into partI,- skilled \Tor':err; ,
Patera a: •
.~
.
sllk nnnu:faotu.rer: eetabllahed a terllle BoLool
;'thioh haa proven very &UOOSBD:!ul .
The labor shortRl38 i.ae broutlJ,t about dovoloY!Illllnt of the vooational
sobool ld8:1 in 1IUr.y localities , in oonnection 'With the publio
school system.
3'.!ob achoolG to bG of gl'8St ulue to a oo=nlt;,t Bl'.oUld &0 rutler
than 1IIlIl'1I m:u,ual training , u:-.d abould 5plloialiZe in the lines of
•
training moat oe.tled . In Danbllrl for ex.:unl;'1e tllo;r should 9pllolalhe
1n bat I119.king , power sew1!lg maohL-lo operators &nd
~rsctlo81
ca.ohine
.;>uol:. soll.ools properly cor-ducted turn ont &."Ul.ually 8 crop of
pllrt:1.;r tr:lined e.pprentioee to keG'
up ti.e labor w..Qply.
Probably the moat praotioal mMWB for overooming labor short<lf;e
i6 tl.e
ublio e!llploymellt lureau. irivate
n;.loyment bureaus are
of little avail but public e~lo.rment bureaue oonduote~alol1(; mo at
Jroderh lines have pro'Ven ver,. euooessful anti 'Ver,. advant:ltoe,J1.:!l to
the manu:fl).oturlng interestll of many oomcu.nitiee .
•
ne BOllord of ;;o!'llleroe of Detroit , U1ch •• a.nd the COll'llleroial
..i.sGooill.tion of "aukee:an , Ill . are t--:o organizations lib.icl: btlve
oonduoted :public em:.lofI:l6)lt bureaus suooessrull.1' In tl.e f,Jrr::er oity
tee sl:l?loJUl8Jlt bureau filled IV. Jobs in tJ:.e first few montha of
its establishment .
The r.e" York .. tate labor department operatoll publl0 employment
bureaus in
II.
number of oozunlt1eB of that state. Four of these (Lre
in :ie:t' York Oit;;r . ...11 a .ie;ll' Tor"
lIIIlllufaoturer hll.B to do Wb.8!l he
neels frolll ten to (L hund::-ed Il!Ore hamie 1e to telej hone the neareat
et:lp10yment bu::oe.:lou and ~e kno n his wants . One of these bureaus
•
filled ::: , 316 jObs in one IllOnth last ;;roar .
In
he III lted .. tatee there are 3:! state SySt8::l1l of publio
eC1J10yno:lt ...,4 t!-ore are 20
l!I'tlIlioi~al
e!!lploycent bure:uJB .
�•
Ho oity 111 too 8m811 or too large for
bureau. Danbury nee4e euoh
II.
II.
publio eraployment
bureau.
'rhere 1& more or lUI affiliation between the ~lo7J118nt
b'lU'eaua of . .. OODnllllt7 and another tending to equalise the labor
market .
A publio 811!ploJDleut bureau in ])anbu.ry prop.rll" IIIIUlaaed would:
1- :Keep Ueted all un8lt1plo,.ed sndll:"allable .orker8 1n Danbtu'l
2- Reach out into neighboring co.aa.unitiea and the oount,.
distriot. for new .arkers.
•
3 - Establish oonneotions with the greatest labor market in
the oountry. New York Cit, and draw on that ms.rket for
Danbury ' llI neede .
A publio Implo,11llent bureau should be aupporte4 b:v the oit;y
but if that oannot be aooomplished it oould ba established by the
Cb&mbar of COIllllBl'oa 1n
II.
emaIl WilY to bagin with and later enlarged
in ita soope as 1ta Talua a.8,."loped. The mamd'aoturera of Danburl
would doubtless be glad to pay reas onable tees for seouring deeired
help and 80 would other bUSiness interests . SUch a lIureau might be
_de self eupportins ·
!be raw labor sUPPlJ' proTided by emigration from gn,rope ie
aTaUable for use in Danbury thr0118b the mediUI!l ot an employment
•
bureau.
\lbne illlD.igration hu greatll leBund sinoe the beginning of
the Buropean War , there is stUl a large influx of foreign labor .
Nonmber 1916 brougbt 40~ more immigrants tban the same month iII the
two previous ,ears. The nUlllbers ooming from IIritain and Pranoe are
stUl 8S high u
in times of peaoe.
Th. established hours of labor {or "orking "eek) in Danb)U'1
are about thl swne as in other oolllDunities in the Bast. Danburl is
no wors. off in this respeot than othsr cities as to •• striotions or
.
oonditions reopeoting mantdaoturing effioienol and Danbury IIII.lItdaoturers
haTe no sp.oial reasons for complaint;,
'1'b.. establ1ebed hours of labor in the Tuious in4ustriesin
Danbury are ae follOWS:
�191
Bat Induetry
Plumbers
J.:asone
Oarpenters
Painters
ltaoh ina shope
Auto repair shops
Bakeries
Fur shope
stone works
Garment taotor1ea
Paper box plante
50 hoUl's wsek
48
..
"
9 hours da.y
B hours "
4.4.
10
10
10
10
10
9
55
60
4.
'0
,0
60
52
(male )
Paper bc:!: plants
(female)
10
55
9
Sweat band chops
10
9
50
55
54
Printing cUioe
P1anint mille
•
·•• .
ga~r mi~~:orll18
.4.
••
•
50
65
9
S11.,er plate works
Laundrilla
CorBet plant
10
4.
60
9
There are aome va.riatIons free this scbedule o
Dne of the silt milIa runs on a 55 bour week BobdUle.
Two of the fur sbops run on 55 hour wssk schedules .
On. s heet metal plant and one l:Boh1ne shop run on 54 hour .e.k
Bob.dules.
On. laundry runs on a 60 hour sohedule and aoother on 54 hours .
..
While the 50 hour w••k Is t h e tulion regulation and prnaUa in
there
moat of the sbope both union and OpeD , yet/appears to be a Tarlatlon
In the worklr18 hOUl'e in Boms of the union shops •
In s1% of the .
bat sbops the 48 hour week appeare to be in
toroe .
It i8 predicted by many manu:factnr ers throughout the country
that the ten hour day will Boon be entirely a thing ot the past . In
taot the nine hour day tor temales is pretty well established by
law throughout the country and has been adopted also to a large extent
in male employing industries and tor both classes ot help in industries
nere both males and temnles are employed .
It 18 nen predicted that a te. years will see the general
•
adoption ot the eight hour d&y schedule and the 44 hour week . In some
11nes ot industry the eight hour schedule i8 already in toroe to a
large extent.
�195
..
It don not make &.IlF particular differenoo to a manufaoturer
wbether hie 8!!1plo7er8 work eight bom's or nine hoUl's or ten hours
80 long &s all his oompetitors in other parte of the oOWltry operate
on the same 8ohedule . The partioular gr18"Moe of manutaoturer8
againat union labor IIIIIthode for forcing ohange. in working Boh.dules
18 tbat Btloh methods by billing: arbitrarily direoted against oertain
manufacturers in oertain oOllllluoitle8 work serious inJury to thoae
..
llIanu1'aoturerB in their strugsle to maintain th8!:1Bel!eB agtLinst the
dompetitlen of other manufaoturers in th&1r line who oontainu8 to
operate under the old oonditions without mol estation •
The situation in Danbury as to bours of labor may be eetimatad by the work day sohedules in other aities , BS follows:
Prnallill6 10 hour da.l
Benton . Pa.
Corning:, N. Y.
Beaoon, U. Y.
Can18teo , If.Y.
Chambersburg . Pa .
hna UinS 9 hour day
Pi th Udd . l!aBB.
Philadelphia, I'll..
Scranton, Pa.
Hawlet~ Pa .
Hazelton. Pa .
Easton , Pa.
Wilkes Bar re , Pa.
Lewiaton , pa.
oneonta , B. Y.
Bath , Pa ,
Eie:ht hour day adopted 10 many indust r ies
:Bethlehem, I'll.
Rooheater. n.Y.
Freeland , Pa t
.lmBterdam , B. Y.
Susquehanna , Pa.
Dew york City
Br idgeport , Conn .
In 80me lInes of industry Wbere oondl tionB permit the
twanty four hour day i8 com1na: into vogue , the three shift labor
sy.tam be1n8 ueed .
•
'!'hia plan i8 growing 1n faTor beoa'0..8e of the inoreaelna:
pressure upon the oapaoity of manufaoturing plants and tbe inoreae1ng
�J9b
...
need of reduoing lIlanttf'aoturlne: ooata to offset the 1.nore.sing coat
at labor. it heine: c1e't'elope4 that
in !II8llY
11n88 at lIl8.Ilutaoturer
the gre.teat ,triol.n0:1 oan b, secured and the loweat lllauu:faotur11l8
ooats seour,a by oontlnuoua plant operation.
I n the hat industry of Danbury the pilOI system of payment
for labor prl"s11a and this a;ystsllI haa in the paat b.,n abused to
aome extent by Wlfalrly reatrioUng the output of indh'1dual
opellativa8 . WI understand bO'll'SY8r the the "stunt or etlnt" system
1s not now oarri,d OU 88 arbitrarily as former17. slthoUBh operatives
ordinarily quite "crk upon oompletion of their da11y Itat.nt ....
•
The WaS' 50818.
When U comes to oonaiaeratlon of the cost of labor what"l'Ir
erneS'" pe rsonal fell1n,ga may b, on the subJeot, it IllUst b, remembered
that it 1a • oond1tion and not a theory tbat contronta UII .
lag.s in all U . neB of industry ban ris.n abnormally durtns:
the p ... t two ,....rs and are still rising.
Danbary i8 no 1101"
aff.ot.d. postlib17 not as llJUoh aU.oted
by thia g.neral ..dnno. in labor oosts as otber !D&nu:faotnring
oOlllDUDiti •••
fb . r.oorda of the New York tltat. 1.nd1l8trial d.partm.nt ahow
•
that whila the total numher of persona 'I:iII07e4 in thl lnduatrlla
of that .tate inoreaaed 29 p.r oent between 1914 and 1916 the total
of wsg.a paid to emplo,.... inoressea 58 per oeut.
The iuduetrial workere of Be.... York state average $12 . 32 in
","kly earning. in 1914. Now they a1'lIrage $15.17 in weekly earnings
an inorl ..ae in e .. rning pO"ller of nearly 25 per oeut.
In aome linla of induatry the wagee have inoreased from 30
to 50 per oint .
POl' .1&lIIpll meohanios helpers ih new York formerly larned
20rl plr hour. now they arl paid 3O¢per houri
-rage a in t he dYI 1n4uetry wire formerly 16¢" per hour . they
--
are now 25tj plr hour .
�19'1
Plumbers in New York and J:Jewark are no.,.. paid $5 . 00 per
day , a rise of 25 per clint .
The present W8g11 80ale in Danbury Is as follows:
lIale Help
COlllDon labor
Paper mill workers
Bake r s, (masterl
•
Bakers (helpers)
Creamery worke r s
Laundry "Ilsh men
Laundr;y ironers
Laundry boys
Chemioal workers
P'ur shop workers
Paper box molders
Paper box liddera
Pap" r box helpers
Gara ge machinists
stone outters
Sl70at band makers
Book binders
Pressmen
Prese feeders
CompOSitors
llaoh1nlsts (skilled)
Machinists ( helpers)
Planing mill handa
carpenters & oabinet
makers
Painters
Plumbers
!.lasona
Cigar makers
lUre workers
Blaoksm1 the
Silk weavers
•
•
Silver platers
Silver
.. (helpers)
Brass workers
\'load bo.x makers
Ilbre
" ..
Glue makers
She e t metal workers
Thread mill worke r s
Hat shop workers
Garment Cutters
Female Help
Thread mill workers
Fur shop workers
S1lk Warpe rs
Silk (hglnnera)
Silk winders
Silver plating workers
Awning workers
Glue plant workers
Paper box makers
..
.. (beginners )
Press feeders
Laundry ironers
.. helpers
Fur shop workers
Garment & corset operators
Bat shop trimmers
Garment Hemmers
Button holera
ri:56 to:~ 22l!:cig
;::....!!!k
, 00
20 . 00
16.00
12 . 00
15 . 00
15 . 00
9 .00
12 . 00
to 17 . 00
to 17.00
to 12 . 00
;~:gg to 20 . 00
28 . 00
6.00
14 . 00
20 . 00
1 5 . 00
20 . 00
20 . 00
12 . 00
15.00
18 . 00
5. 00
19 . 50
21..00
24.00
18 . 00
30.00
15 . 00
15 . 00
18.00
17 .00
15 . 00
8.00
12.00
12.00
15 . 00
14.00
18.00
17 . 00
25 . 00
12 . 00
;!s;e
to 15.00
to 18.00
to 25 . 00
to 1 2.00
to 2'1 . 00
to 27 . 00
to 20 . 00
to 20 . 00
to 22.00
to 30 . 00
to 15.00
to 20 . 00
to 20 . 00
to 35 . 00
to 22.00
9. 00
8 . 00 to
10 . 00, to
4 . 00
10 . 00 to
9 . 00 to
9. 00 to
7 . 00 to
12 . 00
12 . 00 ...
If
12 . 00
15 . 00
12 . 00
12 . 00
12.00
1. 00 to
!iI . OO
10 . 50
5. 00
6 . 00
6 . 00
6 . 00
5 . 50
: (30¢p. basket)
to 9 . 00
to 25 . 00
8 . 00
to 10.00
to
9 . 00
to 12 . 00
to 12 . 00
to 15 . 00
to 11 . 00
5f1¢ 'Per 1000 .
�198
•
Tha d.taUe d "ag8 and pha8 work lIohedule of the hat lnduatr y
18 giTan 1l:I the chapter relatiDg to that industry.
'l'he wag. 80al . . han been ohang1Jlg 80 rapidly the past two
year. that i t 18 41ffloul t to make any fall" compar18ona of tbe ooat
of Iabarnin different olUes .
J.coor41Dg to ttt. gonrnment statistios of 1914 the .",ar&s.
y.ar1,. sarnina_ ot Danbury industrial workera in that year .... $560 .
Aooor41ng to tht.
&Ur'U.1
the Ilnrage y8arly 8arnin8 of the
Danbury 1I'orker 18 $770 .
By oomparing the • .,.reS8 1earl y earning of 1914 11'1 th the
•
.'uraga ;yearly earning of workera in ollhar oiti ea in the lame yaar
.. fairly aoourate oOlllpar180n of labor ooata in norl!lal tilll.a. oan ba
obta1ned .
The following oomparison of present ....kl1 _S8 BOa1 .. in
l)&nbUl'1 and 80II1II n.ar by point. 18 of int.rut .
D.w Yor)[
•
Br14S8l!Ort
OOIlllKlIl Labor
•
Wood workers
oarpel'lhrs
Skillet maeh1nlats
Sheet metal workere
Waehiniets helpers
Plumbers
Shoe feotory workers
Stone outters
CiSar makers
Dye houae .orkers
Bre.ers
Rubber plant workers
:Button m3kers
Si;k we~.. rs (male)
(fer.l&le)
Bakers
Glue makers
Painters
t12 to 15 . 00
18 to 30 . 00
.,
18 to
30
9 to
24 . 75
12 to
33
16 to
16 to
,.
35 . 00
15 . 00
Uewark
•
Danbury
Pat.reaD
$9 to
12 to
12 to
15 to
12 to
10 to
24 . '75
15 . 00
25 . 00
25 . 00
25.00
25 . 00
15 . 00
30 . 00
20 . 00
20.00
12 to 18 . 00
15 to 18 . 00
12 to 20 . 00
12 to 25 . 00
15 to 30.00
• 12
15
15
18
1.
1.
to
to
to
to
15.00
85.00
25 . 00
25 . 00
5 to 12.00
00
15 to 20 . 00
1 2 to 20 . 00
18 to 22 . 00
12 to 30 . 00
9 to 20 . 00
18 to 20.00
17 to 82. 00
.eo
,.
to 22 . 00
Organized Labor
When two million 'II'&8e earners went on strike in Tarioull oitiea
of the oountry 1aat Kay Day, peaoe reigned in Danbury .
During ttMI first a1% months of 1916 , there were 1719 labor
•
atrik.. in Y&rioua parts of the oountry. Whioh waa 1232 more than
during the aa_ period in 1915 .
�199
•
'l'he abnormal induatrial Qonditions that have existed sinoe
the oOnmenOBI:IlIllt of tbe B!lropean Will' has oreated a teel1na: at great
unreat alDOug the laboring olasses throughout the oount17'
ne
ahortag.
in the labor supply rean! ting from the increase in maz:ltdaoturlna:
product lone along all linea baa oaused an sdTanc, in "agll soaI08 and
has Me.tU.a both employers and BllployellS. the latter baTe absorbed
in!lstad Ideas as to l abor TaluBe .
Yet , noh'ltbetandlna: thie unsettled oondition Danbury manu1'ac t-
urera can feel fortunate i n their compara.tl ve frlllld4lm from labor
troubles that exiet IIIII.where.
•
And yet Danbury haa had its ahara of labor troubles. Tbe looal
labor war of 1909 wse a 811r10n8 handioap upon the induatrial progrue
of the oit,- and the Boara of that struggle attll are in 8"ldanOIl.
The moet serlou8 injury oreated by that labor trouble i8 the
intenae b,ttern888 of feding tbat "as engendered In the olty bet'lfun tbe elllployers and employees and th1a feeling w111 be diffioult
to OTeroome .
That labor dlffioulty ie now howenr almost anoient history and
oondltions baTe readjusted thel:lselTes so that i t oan be eaid there
ls no present oonfliot of any kind between the elllplorers and employees of this o'lty.
•
Eyen the hat manufaoturing oonoerne whioh oontinued to maintal n
open shope are operating under praotioally the same oondltioneall
the unionized Bhops and the r e is not likely to be :turther labor
troubles in the ha tung industry.
Both employers and employees must howeTer appreoiate the inJury that has been done the oi ty by past labor oonfliots and it is
time that all interests should unite to OTeroome that injury and
that a new era of progress should be inaugurated , the keynote of
whioh ahall be harmoll1' and oOoperation.
rhe wr1t e r h olds no brief in behalf of lebor , his sympathies
•
and assoolAtione being entire11 "ith the manufaoturers, and yet 1t
would eum the part of whdom to treat the problems involne! in the
organization of labor from the etandpOint of aotual u:istlng oonditions ,
�200
•
and not froCl the standpoint of oonditions 88 we woUld lIke to have
them.
Orgsnlz.&d labor baa aome to at.y and unionism wIll grow
atrODger inatead of weaker BS the yeara pass .
It would be far batter for the manufaoturers instead of
oppoa1Dg labor or ganizations to center effort on eduoat1ns labor
to the manufsoturars ... " Yiew point.
This oan be done by bringing the working foroe into
greater harmony with the management, by teachIng the men that they
jOintly witb the management are part of one maohine, and that their
•
interests It. in making that maohine as .:tfiohnt and &8 prOfitably
produothe 88 1s possible .
One maDufaoturere in a lie.,.. Jersey Cit;y endea. a labor
trouble by offering to turn over his plant to hi. workmen to be
managed b;y a oommitte. of their own number , witb
t~
understanding:
that he wss to receive the per oent of tbe earnings as interest on
hiB innstlllllnt .
'l'he
operatives oOll[:littee after studying into tbe
8ubJeot oafiefully deoided they would be better oft if they allowed
the boss to oontinue to run the buainess.
Tbill was rather an unusual propoaition and yet bears a
•
leaa lob in showing that it might be profitable to bring the responsibility of suooessfUl faotory roanagement olearly befDre the
minds of employees.
'!'bia chapter is not intended as a treatise on the
management ot lahor but these thoughts are brought to the attention
of looal manu:f'aoturers in the hope that they may themselves be enoouraged to adopt some plan for or eating 1lI0re harmony between their
employees and their business wi tb the view ot preventing future
labor troubles.
No reoommendation is made that l!L!l.D.u:f'aoturers should
affiliate with labor leaders or be subserT!ent in any way to labor
•
organizations , but it is reoo mended that eaoh manutaoturer should
en'esTor to find SOllie way to bring hiB own employees into oloaer
touoh wi th the bUSiness whioh give them their l1vina: and into greater
�201
•
81111Path,y with and frie ndliness toward the management.
The great problem of our day Is the harmon1z1nf; of the human
elements i n Induatry _
The manu:taoturer who oan bring his employees into full
8TJDPathy with the work and hopes and purposes of the management , who
oan make his elllployeea feel ,that his btlaine88 18 tbeir busIness ,
will not be harassed by h&nrpering condl tions 1Llposed b7 organized
labor .
In Danbury all but three of t he hat lIl!lllutaoturing plants
are fully unionized and the dominance of unionism in this industry
•
Is general l y r eoognized . This condition in the industry Is established and the effort of the bat ms.nu.i'aoturerB oan but be directed
not in opposing the labor organizations but I n securing graa tltr
harmoD1 with thalllo
Pra otioally all the otber indus trial plants of Danbury out
aIde of the hat industry are open shops .
The open hat shopE! are those of D. Loewe , Beltaire &0 Co"
and Ueeker Bros .
Fo llowing i8 a list of. the labor orsanizations having l ocal.a
in Danbury:
•
J.malsamated Union of stru t R" I, _loyna ,
President , samuel Itt"ere tt ,
87 South St .,
Amalgamated 1!eat Cutters and Butohe r s .
l'resident , l'hilip AiI&CI8 ,
23 Library l'laoe
Bartenders Union Looal ,
l'resiilent , Prank C, Soollins,Sr . 1 2 Comstook st . ,
Boot &0 Sho e 110rkers Union ,
l'resident , :w.ohae1 Clohessy
61 Triangel st .,
Brioklayers , !.!aeons &: l'lasterers Union ,
l'reaident , Edward Lanigan ,
91 i'r a.nklin st .
Brot herho od ofl'a1ntere , Deoorators &: l'aper Hangers ,
l'reSident. Pr anoia WIler ,
17 Library Plaoll ,
Central Labo r Uniln of Danbur;y ,
!'resident , John OIHars.
•
5.2} Sheridan st .,
Cisar I.!akns International Union ,
l'reSident , Jos eph Hirt ,
110 Blm st .
Danbury Typogro.p hical Union ,
:PreSident . G. • A.ndrews , Beaver Brook Road , R. :P. D. 23 .
�202
•
Bat ' inishers !aan ••
President c • ., . llo Cue ,
29
George st. ,
Hat 111lkerll .lam ••
Pruld,nt J. SQubb17 .
70 Liberty st • •
Hat 'l'r1clmern Union ,
PrulA ant I J.larl Imrph;
29 Chestnut st • •
International Brotherhood of aat Tip Printers,
Pre&ldent , Ph1lip J . HIPP . 441 ldaln st. ,
Journl)'Ql&ll Bakers &- Conf.otlo~r8 Union ,
Prealhnt, intho~ i. De Julia , 84 Liberty st ••
Journeyman Barbers lnternation UnIon,
PresIdent Pre4erlok W1ldman, 19 .letferaOD An ••
•
Uuslo1ana ProteotlTe OnIon ,
Preaident I Albert Gr ad.
23 Webb An ••
Paper Box ua.ke1's Union ,
Pr.sident . Wm. B. Cougle ,
68 Xlm
Tailors Induatrlal tinlon,
Pr,.ident , JIU:le8 Xerr,
31 i11111am st • •
'ham :lrl • • r a " 108 !andler, Union ,
Prlsident , Henry Shaffer,
30 Ellll St ••
st ..
Unit.a ASBn . of Plumber. , Gas & Steam !'ltte1'e,
Pr •• l4Int , Reginald Campbell , 10 Gears, St • •
United Brotherhood of Ca.rpente1'8 &: Joine1'8 of Amerioa ,
Preeident , Henry B. Dlfl6Y ,
591- Balm!orth Ave. ,
BlIPLOYE3S' ,YElJI'ARE.
1fAn3 l'II1l1ufaoturus are wont to sooff when thia subjeot
•
il railed and deolare that there is nothina: to be gained through
effort or upenditure in the direotion of oreating more favorable
oonditionl for employees .
~ey
deolare that the elllPloyer ' e duty to
bis worke1'8 ende with the paS8inG out of the pay envelope.
That this i8 a mietaken poli01 is beins demonstrated bl
wide awake manufaoturers allove r the oountry and the past few :year8
have seen a marked ohange BlIIong the employing oorporationa or firlll8
in many looaliti . . on this subjeot .
3ettina a8ide all IIOtivee of philanthropy and hUlll8lltty
and treating the 8ubjeot from purely a bualn.. e standpOint , manufaoturere
neryWbere have found the undertaking of empl oyeee' welfare plana
•
and metbode lIIOet satiafaotory and profitable. The aeUlab intereet of
the manufaoturere in luoh plan8 are :
�203
1 - Creation of greater oontent among employeeB ,
thus tending to eliminate organized labor troubles.
2 & Diverting the minds of emplo1ue from tboughts of
418sat18faotlon and disoontent .
3 - By oreating a greater oommunity 01 spirit BIJX)DS
IiIJIVlloyeea to enoourage lo;yslty to the plant .
4 - B1 making the familiea of worlo:rlan BIlt1sfled with
their Ih'ina oonditions and en't'lroWlll!lnt to elimi-
nate desire for chang. of location and emplo;yment,
thus making employees permanetly cttaohed to their
emplo;vere .
5 - By evldenoe of tntereat in the well be1na and bap.:;l~;!;::.ea to
closely attaoh the. to
t!:1;a
•
6-
more
By oreati on of 1mpro .... d living oonditions and moans
of recreation to better the heal tb and oonsequentl1 the produoing power of emplor•• s .
" - BoY proTidlll8 foz eduoational adYantsglls , 'vooational
and other'lflsej to improve the character and skUl
cf empl cyees and thua inorease their effioienoy.
a - :By providing possibilities for home ownership , inIlUrance , savings and greater independen.e to make
employees more self-respe otins and less easily diaturbe d by labor agitatora .
The gen. raJ. subjeot of employees welfare 00't'er8& number of
nrying phases . &!DOns which are:
1 - Housing and Ihing oonditions •
.2 -
Cost of 11't'ing.
3 - Recreation .
•
4 - Vocaticnal a.nd trade education.
5 - Scbocls.
6 - community center s and orgl!l.nizations .
7 - Estsblishments of mor e cordial and
closer relatione between employers
and empl cyees .
a - Employment and welfare bureaus .
9 - Employeoa savings and insurance .
10- Hospitals , distr1ct nursing and medical treatmen1o .
11- Religioue organizaUona .
12- A.ss1m11ation of foreign population .
•
�20~
•
first I!f8!~~1~n::~::. P=B:':!r!:~;~ i~e~::t::8~ Q~~::~t ::rk
men and the beat 01a88 of oitizens are thoae who own their own bom•• •
A man who hae hia all ibusted in hie home and who 18 a tu pa,yer
111 not likely to reapond nry readily to the efforts of labor
agitators and makes the moat dapenclable and perClanent employe • •
Th. subJeot of housing 18 80 1lDp ortant and oomplioated tho.t 1t
11'111 b. oonsidered more at length in a Bubaequent obapter.
Danbury oannot eXpeot to seoure ita fullest poulbllitiea for
de"'.lopment unless ample provision 18 made for the aatisfaetcr,.
~:~~~fo~! :~r~;:! :~!t . tam1l1e8. and the betterment of bousing
t.!&ane should be provided t o make it eaaler for 1I'orkmanto own
borneo in Bome of the oheaper residential Sections of Danbur y .
•
During the put nine months onr $300 . 000,000 has been expendell
for the purohase or oonstruotion of homes in the United states.
Thirty million dollars of thiB ha.s bean expanded in the Greater new
York :aone .
Workmen appear to be taking adT&ntSBe of the present period of
high wages to put thei r surplus aarn1ngs iDto home buildingi
The Community Center
Every oity of the sha of Danbury should enoourage the oOIllllW1ity
oeuter idea.
The arousing of oommunit;;r spirit and CO!:lllUDity pride in the
mUlds of residents 11111 oake be tter oitizens and will t h us make a
better city.
Th e first need of cOlll!IWlit::7 oenter ie some Bort of meetine: plaoe
proteoted from the weather . '!'he second need is recrestion.
•
The oenter is to be the e%pression of the oommon aim , dedioated
to tbe eooi&1, ohio, eduoational and reoreational purposes of the
aOll'lll'lW1ity. Tbe orestion of oonr.runity oonsciousness oomes with tbe
crestion of a neighborhood meeting plaoe where that oonaoiousness
oan be developed .
A oommunity oenter to be ideal IIltUIt prOTide for the ne e ds and
wants of young Blld oU . men and 1I'omen . bOys and girls slike . It
should inolud a all the elements of a social olub and at the same
time prO Tid e for enry possible means of amusement snd reoreation .
J.!any llI!lnu.t'aoturers sre disino1ined to admit thst the amusement
and reorestion of their employee a is of any oonoern to them and yet
the subJeot ehould be one demanding their attention and interest .
Raoreation is the eafety valn of oiTil hation. It is the means
fo r seouring the human balanoe baween the strsin of toil and the
normal , phytioal and mental functions .
Ample proTision for reoreation '11'111 acoomplish aeTeral things
for the benefit of the manufaoturer:
1 - Inorease the eff i oienoy 01' his employees .
•
2 _ Build up better nw.terial to equip his plant
in tuture years .
3 - Dinrt the minds of his employees 1'rom attention to labor agitators .
�205
Keep a III&Il bUS1 With hal'llliess recreation interests outside
bie working boura and lOu will find hiQ going to hia work mora
oheerfullT IIIOrninss .
It 18 the business of the manufaoturer to take an intereet
in how hia all.ploTees OOOUP1 their leisure boure . Be oan expect
tbat onlT a portion of those leillnlre hours will be spent in educational
and oUltural pursuits , DO III&tter wbat ad1'.s.ntages and opportuniti ..
may be 8ffsred in tbia l1u .
lInless there is planty of provision !llSde for harmless reoreation there is strong likelihood that the more hal'lllf'aJ. kinds of
reorn.tion .. ill be indulged in.
•
That is one of the reasons for the ootlmUrlity oenter and tha
cO!llD1Ulity house. The latter should provide playrooms for chil/lren ,
QlUsio rooms an4 /lanoe floors for the 70nng people . soo ial rool:1_
for the women and gam&rooms , pool tables and muting r ooms exolusively for the m&n .
EMPLOYEES ' WELl' ARE
establis=~~!e~: ' a":!ij!~t a~1 an!!~: !~ i~::~!:::l r!~::ir!::
bODua systems . lIavingll and insuranoe STStll!llS, roa l ioal aid and a
number of other phase8 as well as the broa/l subject of relations
between emplOyer and employee .
It is nry notioeable in DanburT that there is a _trons
olas_ feeling an4 this is a Tery /l angerous condition for manufaoturerll .
'l'bi_ olass heling oan be /lone away with by the establishment of
proper oommunity oentera an/l by the fostering of employe .. welfare
movements in the in/li1'1/Iual plants of the manufacturers .
l.'Uaic haa pro'un 0. 1II0at wonderful harmoll.lur 1n faotori.s .
We know of lIe1'eral ollses where factory bnnds han been establishe/l .
!hue bands g11'8 oonoerts /luring the noon hours and o.t epacial
factory sooial gather1hgll an/l are the means of oreating factory pride
and loyalty.
•
It woul/! be quite possible 1n Danbury for the mnnufactnrerll
to join together to oreate an employees; aavings , insuranoe an/l
t:~~:~~gS~!;~; ~~ i~;h!~Uf~:~r~gOinf!::!;~ ~tnt~!tc~i;~
to the
H01o[2! OwtlE..'UlEIP
It is 0. cre/lit to any oity to be called a "City of HCme8 n •
This i8 espeoio.ll,y true if the hOllieS are workmen ' s hcmes .
A 1V0rkmo.n who lives in bis own hcuse with bis family 111
anohorell. "own to hil!l oOlll:l1mi toY and his job much mcre than the wo r kWho 11.e8 in a rented DouBe or tenelllent .
man
Danbury 111 fortunate in that !Il&Dy of its workers own thair
on homea . There lire 1500 houses in Dllllbury owned boY the hat shop
:~~8 llJlal:~;a~:e::l!~u:;8tOO~e..!: :~~tai~~l!!~~ t .t~oo~~Oh
Danbury appears to be well supplied with rentable bousell
tOftpro. Ue tor pre8ent n8ll/l8 , but the cargen i8 none too large .
•
!he re are 50 unoooup1e/l houses in the oity at present . Renta
for workmena homaa are low in Danbury. PiTe to Se1'eD room bouaea
'11'1 th pl\lll.bing oan be nnte/l for $15 . 00 to 20.00 per month. BOWles
without plumbing can be nnted tor $12. 00 per month.
�20.
•
Uoat of the renting hOUBes are of the cottago . one fM1lly
style although there are8011111 two and four faml 1;!tousea .
There a r e DO large owners of numerous house properties in
the oity. The American BatterS &: Furr iers Co • • own. a row of bouaes
for r ental to their workmen , but none of tbe other mantdaoturerB
han followed tb18 plan.
i'bua 18 no lIulld1ng and Loan 4 88oob.tion in Danbury for the
enoouragement of home ownership, but ~o . A. Shephard &: Son of
Bethel operates a buUding and loan business and their pl an baB
permitted a humber of Danbury working men to build and own their
own homes .
They now han $118 , 000 outstand ing in bulldina: loane and
95 per oent of thei r loans han been to Danbury working men .
•
They oharge 6~ inhr aet on the amount of lOMS . The man who
borrows II!Ilst make an annual Pll3'ment of 12% of the original loan ,
the owner of tho propert7 to pay all taxe s and insuranoe . They
allow & lee - way of 6 monthe to a lD8.ll i f una ble to pay on tillle .
Fo llowing i. ", demonst r ation of their loaning plan:
Loan
Int.
2120
18tPa1tnent~
Int .
812 . 29
46 . '14
2nd Payment
1992 . 80
240 . 00
9th Payl"oll!lnt
661.03
240 . 00
Int .
1'152.80
105 . 16
Int .
3ra Payment
1657 . 96
240 . 00
Int .
161'1 . 96
97 . 08
Int .
1715 . 04
240 . 00
11th
68 . 50
Int .
5th payment
1563 . 54
240 . 00
12th
Int .
1323. 54
79 . 41
6th Payment
1402.95
240 . 00
Int .
1152 . 95
69 . 76
Int .
•
1880
~
$ 992 . '13
~
1052 . 29
240 . 00
8th Payment
4tb Payment
Int .
7tb Payment
l Oth payment
1232 . 73
MO . OO
658 . 29
240 . 00
~
'R'15 . 0i
$ 992 . 73
621 . 03
~
~
443 . 39
pa7ment~
203. 39
~
215 . 00
Payment~
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LIVING CONDITIOnS
Danbury 18 • dlS81rable plaoe to r residenoe for workinsmen .
It 18 a pleaunt oity to liTe in and haa;
17
.2
19
1
11
.2
Cburobea
Libraries
Sohools
Hospital
lIeneyolent It!!'! societies
l.'usioal organ1:!atlona
3 uilitary organhations
.2 Theatree
1 Base ball park
1 AmuB amant park
Danbur1 laaka a worklng:men ' 8 olub and community oenter houa ••
Danbury hal exoellent sohool faoilities with 4 , 250 registered
pupils . Plan's for a large new oohoat bulldtng w111 g r eatl;? erlend
theBe laoUitiU .
The TalUS of the 19 sohool buildings 1s $329 . 375.
The cost of 11,.1n8 in Danbury 1s as low
8S
anywher. el •• in
the Eastern statu as shown by the 1'ollowing list of pnyalling
marlc8t prioes.
Butter
! ..'
Plour
~~~oea
lIread
!.Ink
Beans
Turnips
Beaf roast
Lt\Illb roset
Fork tenderloin
!lam
'Bacon
43 to so(,
60(
10 to 12¢
Ij! pound
.2 . 20 per bushel
l~~
25~
...
2bt pound
25 to zst
25 to Z8¢
26 to 3S,
3Z to 35¥
�20b
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•
TEE CEDAR RAPIDS PLAN FOR AD.rUST11EnT OF LABOR DIFFlCUI.TIES.
UDder this p l an the aanu1'aoturare of Cfldar Rap ids , la , have
prevented $11 strikes Bnd labor troubles tor a period of
Beveral years.
I n any and ull OBS88 where thore shall be disputes urlelnB .
demands mude , or uny other troubles ariSing between 81l1plo;780 and
omployer, or between -::h8 v8rlouo bod18e of Organized Lubor , there
ab£l.ll be no walkouts , etrlkeB, or boycotts , but Slid dsmando,
disputes , or other troubles shall be ~k8n up wl th tbe :::!D;ployers
Association ot cedar Rapids , Iowa by the authorizod repraaonta ti!8
of OrganiZed Labor, for the purpose and w1 til the i dea of obtaining
a settlement of said demands, disp utes , or troubles . In tho event
that i t 18 i mpossible for the reprssaIlte.tlve of the r:t:Iployors
Assooiation and the representatiVG of Organized Lo.bor to agree upon
a s atisfaotor y settlemont of sald disputes, demsnda or other
troubles , then in that event, 26me shall be Gubmitted to o.rbltratiOD .
\Then any J;Ultte r is submitted to arbitration 0.0 herein before
provided , the Dmployars ,i esooiation shall have mo ar.bi tra.tora :
OrganiZed Labor shllll ohoose two : ~nd ths four so chosen Bhnll
ohoose Il fifth arbitrator, wh10h nfth a.rbltrator shll-11 not be in '4ny
way, directly or indlrectlr , oonneoted with the ECployors ,~o aoclllt ion,
or in any way e ither dirootly cr indirectl;; conneoted with
Organized Labor , And the deoisions ot a majority ot said Board of
Arbitrators Shall be final and binding in all dispute s thuc reforred .
The two arbitrators to be chosen by Organized Lubor and the
t\l'0 ar bi trators to be ohoson by Employers ASsooiation shnll be
appo inted withill fort;;- eight hours from the time that the representative
of Organized Labor and t he repreaent6tive of EDployere J.ssooiatioll
find tbat the}, oDllnot satisfaotorily adjust an y trouble rrhioh may
ariss without urbitration , A deoision of the arbitrators sholl be
rendered within Ii week after their appointment : unl eDs however , the
matter submitted to them requires further oonsideration in order
to arrive ut a fuir deoision, then in that event , tho arbitrators
m&1 oontinue the time for their final decision until suoh time as
they may doem neoeooc.ry .
•
•
FrOIll tho time der.umdo ore made , diffioultieD a re troubles
ariee . during the nesC!tiationa for settlement , and up to t ho time of
the final deoision of arbitrators , the oCl!lloyees shall reoe.in at
the i r Work tlnd after the deoision of sfli~ arbitrators tho1 shall
oontinue to work under and acoording to sUid decision .
It is understood that this agreeosnt is between tuo Organized
Bodiee und that they are to be reoognized es ouch ; and that the
Unions und Orgo.nized Labor shall be reoogn!zed under the oonditions
as they now exiat a!ld shall WOrk under existing conditions in shops
e.nd faotories and in the buiH.!ng trados, IllJd where any olsea ot
LabOr is organized at this tilOO they shall not be compelled to submit to arbitrution the question of working with non - union i::lOn ; but
if in any of the building trades or in shope and faotories they ore
wo rking Wi th nOn""UniOll men "::his oontraot shall apply, nnd any demands
or troublBs ari sing ehoJ.l be sottled Be herein provided . ADd if in
any of tiE building trades or in ehops and .fe.otoriaa oertain kinds
of labor is organized 8IId unionized and other olSases of labor
is not organized and unionized they owll oontinua to ....ork under
these oonditions and the terms of this agrsement shall apply.
:furthermore it shall be agreed and und~rstood that if an,.
member of the ElrIpl oyeos Association refuses to abide by thin underBtanding , s.nd refuses to Bubmit any diffioulty . 6S above oont1onad,
�209
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to arbitration , he shall be expelled trom the Employers
Assooiation, It 18 Illao understood thet it allY Ublon or ::lady
of Organlilsd Labor refuses to abi de by this undorsto.ndlng and re fusee to submit nny dlffiaulty to arbitration , &s above provided ,
they shall be expelled from the S'adaraUon ot labor, :Building
Trades Council or c.ny other general body of Organized Labor Ili th
whlch the union 1e a!'f1l1llted ,
Any ooonge in the Tlage ooale or working rulea 1s to be
made :mown on or before J anuary first and the sumo 1s aubjeot to
aoaeptanoe April first .
This underotand!ng shall rene.ln in !ull .force and effeot
•
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•
as followB , to wit : - Either party hereto , 1 , e . Enployora
ASlJoolation or Organized Lc.bor, may oanoel this oontraot Oll April
first of any year hereaftor by giV1na: the other 0. notioe in
writing 30 days p rior to said dote , April 1st , of its intcntions to
canoel eai d oontraot . It being the intention to give either the
Emp10yera Assooiation or Organized Labor a chanco to oance1 this
oontract Olloe each yea.r, as above stated, a.nd if no auch notice in
writing is given by either of the parties , then this agroocont to
run indefinitely until auob time as such notice is given .
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t.'':C1
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l)tlrlnor the paa" few c:mtha ~relll~ l1ev"n , 11k many other
;:,omrnur.~' tea ov~r the cOUIltry . haa f'''lt tho efte;:,t. 0" a I!hortl!~e
of la'bor, i'he matt ... r 'b"cO& suoh
p~eSl!inll' 01''' tbet tbe manu!'ecturer8 of the tOIVl" fInal 1, flot tOl!'ether to "ir.1I a eolution.
Vld it 1e o!' tbe soluti ~n we h'lve wor.>l;e" out 11' ':-a1I~ "'aV8Tl that
I wtah to tell . Ir.cider.tall'l the 'dUng trill lIi8eloee 8 eo "what
r"mar,:a.'t:le and er:ttrel" auooe8e!'u' coopt'rattor. at"een ch'·rch~.
IIT.II manufeeturer.>. ::'e81:.1':11 "0 tbt' ~var.t-ail:e of the eOT""1lnlt a8
whola .
"'he f'U at ion o"!' la't:or ahortall" waa fl rat Hseuape~ ir.1"omally;
tOen lIIeetlngs 01' tIlal'lu!'aettlrel'8 werB helll, an" flll1sl,l' an acttve
04mpaign waa put u!'",lIer wa;r . ''h n the /!afiTltfl oampeip-r. we9
lIetermir.8'l upor the pt't:le c1sseee of the iraTi! "Favert ebur~h8e too;c:
a h~" sr." 'll'oril:e~ In a "ay whioh h"e helpe~ wonller~'-11v in nil
.oluttor. 0" the pro't:lem. ~he plan, 8S "'oric"!" J"t 11' ':r$l1"1 F.aven
te, tn t":'le~ . &8 !'ollo,,"s:
•
The 1nieter of each chrroh i1' the~"" 8ppolrtll~ two
llleomb rs of the con;!ragation, oOl1aldere~ 1'y him aa betql' the T?'oet
settv .. 1~ "cr',( pertdnlrg to the up"t"llHng of the cor. ~ell"atior. ,
There 1;et' twelve churches tn all . theBe Clon:"'llttee8 appolTlted
1''' the mi nisters oonstituted a CAntral "1!rBe.u , oonsietino::: of th.
twent:-' "our Jr.embera , TI-:1s ::antral Feraau, whioh r"'rtrBs"!nte all
of the church- 'Jin people ot the ctt:--. met i11 Clorf'l~F>r.ce e.t th
Chonb ~ of ::orrmerce Hall s-l'Hl 01' rhe~ s- peme.r. ... rt orgar-hstton
kr."
bB th ~ent:,al ":treau 0'" t e ~hu!'cheB of ~r(lJ1"1 "!avsn.
:Ohe pll!'noae of the orl1"an.izatlor. waa t Attract a.dllell
lebor 0" all ltinde to (Oral." "'s-v~ . A ohalnn!!.1'! 11l~ a Beeretn!,"
'el'S "locted, It , wse al1"r ed tb,t fO!'Tlle 't "prlntad, Clor.alatlnll:
o aT. appl1C&ttcn for amJ,loy""ent Br:' alao a forrtl letter , Then two
forme were to b 1'sod 1':; the meml ":'e of ths oburch~e flrd to 1:e
'~l t 01"t to tlwl l' "triond e e "I -elat lvaa :'asi!l ing 1n oth"'r c1 t1 as,
•
~e.ch 01' the r"lp!'eaer.t~tlvee of the verious church"s was
apI'otnta" ae e CO!lm!1ttee to ta.!:c ch l'
ot tbs oor. :,e~atlor 0" .1s
":'eepectivF> ch'''!'ch ar ~ 11stt"il'ute thee~ "anns &r:Ol:8' tte ~e!l:be::,s,
"" ...tet" the C:)l1 ~ e-e.tlor. hll~ 'tee' inetructe/! 'tv the l'inistera COTCe!"l1in" the purpoee . The 'ettera ell1t out t:-oa1caat , -:-0 eth~":' ...itl: tne
aJplloetion tor e!l'ployment "ore not illter.dea to have an:.. te 1'11'1 u-por
the pet"son to wholll it wse ,'Jnt Ill'llell8 tha-:- person was ~lsea·tefled
with his or h r nresent positton 111"~ ",xpreese" a wnl1rH."eils to coma
to ~re:r.d Hav~t'1 at euch time thet a vac'll'e)f ooe1'rre~ . Ir. the ev"r.t
thst t':e person who receIve"! th" applioatton "0":' poeitlon waa
per'!"eotly e .. tistle~ with' i8 .-,r"e.rt po 1"·cn. h woe tl1struct"!l'1
ir. thla drOll1e!' letter to ret'"r" the ~181lk u~Elil7l' ~. v.i1e'" it
,,"oul"! 1:e t'1ell'Jtl. ~~ the 0!'ir,t1'1!1 a ~.'Ie":' to !lTo""'''r re":'!lon.
-he app11catlOT.e for elllPlOYl!lent 'IIO\l1~ n .. ture.ll l' s"rt
tacL t the pernoll orl.1n6]11 ser~lr them out. "'his perSOl'1 hM
beel': instructe!! to p1!lee thee tlppllcut10T1e I the harlle 0'" the
Secretar;; 0'" ths ~entt"al "1 rasu 1'"Iho 1l'1 t":'U~ 1''' tS" ~"''''''I them
1th th~ "mp'!.oyrrcnt I;ursR.u of the lccal ch!.'.mber o!' C01llll1ere<"' Btl"
·et81r.~" the ori-mal e plic t.ior. b' nk .
"'he pl r te a Bl;.e~e8, I~ 18 1n "orce s num1:e:, of 1I'p. a
bas giver the 'rand "F!flvell ')Irploym"l't Bur~eu an excell l1t
11s- 0:' sidll,d labor to l":'sw ""rom. In r.o ir.l!t8ll~e is t~e " rson
!"eouBBted to 1el11'e his ernploym nt 8J11 eom~ to tha ctty '\IT.til
Fe posttton haa 't:"al'l '!our~ to!" hi!'". '""h 'toat "~!I.l~"r of the
plan 18 the.t e eh person Ittrs-cte~ i this way to the Ctt,- o!'
CrQl:.!! Haven ~of!e not COlll" 83 II- total at:' nP'er to the OOlmuntty .
->l'\"
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~OR
COST COJ.IP !\RISON6
Ae a. mllll'Ul'S f o r oQlDp "l.rieon of Labor COllts bet.wel'TI
eittee, the average ye a r ly w'lge earn1ngs may be ueed. . In
l ocali ti es where thet'll h
•
a lar ge number of cheap
c ommon labor , this Il.v er" ge
18 lower a.nd. i n lDc a11ti e8
where induetriell IIlDploy a la.rge IIIDDunt of high clalla skilled
labor . tile "",eragll increases , fo r IIxa:'lIple :
Br une"lok, Ga . ~ ___ _ __ _______ ___ _ .320 per ye(l.l'
Il ow Bru"l.,wlch, N . J . --. ____ ___ _
Bal ti More __ ______ _ ____ _____ __ __
480
NewbUrsh . N . Y . ___ .'._ ___ _ __ ___
Cumberla;').d , ioLd . __ __ ___ __ _ ___ ___
______ _ __ _ .__ _ _
Dan oury Conn . _____ .__________
E astOIl. Plio. __ • __ • ____ __ . _._ _ ___
540
550
560
.560
Bridgeport, Conn . - - --------.---
560
P hll~ .lphla,
Bll'l1lin&ham, Al a .--- - -- - ------ - --
c;l- ----- --- ----- --
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4 ~!)
~2.5
600
But
Liverpoo
Clevel:l.;Jd
O. l___ ___ _____ ___ ._ _ __
Walth!Lll 1.:.:1.• • • _ _ _ _ _ _ .___ _ _ _ ___ __
lIo.ton Use e :' - ______ _______ __ ____ _
lIurlington, Ia . _________ __ _ ___
Elgin, I l l . ______ __ __ __ _. ____ _
P it teburgh, Pa. ____ _ _____ __ __ __
Ch1 oago __ __ ___ ____ __ ___ ____ ___ _
61
0
620
620
6211
6JO
64. !I
64 5
680
Battle
• . ,1ch
-- -__---New
Yo r Cr
k nk
_ __ ____
___- ---__ • __--___
_ ___
700
7 00
~
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He comee aft"r 'te1rg i r.vitea t- a frieril: 'I.e taker. care of on
hie arrival IlIld hes samson" to whom he can poo m:d where he
CST. f11:d temporer": acoommodations . Arothar FOO" feature o.f' the
plan is that tbe pereor attl'seteo 1r: this nar.n"'::' ~om!'B
rccommentied by 8 resident 0'" the 01 ty who has ort -ina11.""' bs ... r.
11'1st!"U:;lt~03 to invite onl y men o~ reputacle ohu'I"aoter .
':'he plun bea pro!'ttell ever
persor: attracted to G!'and 'Haver
by 1. t . I n ev"ry instanoe the pe rseD applylril'" for a poet t ion
through this method haa tattered hie conni tier. . It hSB broutht
to the City 8 number of hrifty ir.d 1'lIiduals who in eovs'!'al
111stuncee have purchased their OWll homes or have tought Iota With
he int ,-tiu!'! 0-: 'tulldlng .
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�212
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�215
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A. etudy of traffio and transportatior. conditions
to 104ustrial daYelopJ:IBut coYers the. foUo';fing subjeots :
&8
relates
1- Rail fre1E,;t.t unice .
I!- .:t!Li1 freight service ratee .
3 - ":emin!1ls and B':'I i tcJ:1ng faoilities .
4- :mil o;-:preu ratee I.Illd 8ervioe .
5- Lood drayage oost and condition of streete
6 - Pasl8nser transportation ser1'ice .
7 - .:,;treet railway and interurban servioe .
8- Highways and oountrj' roade .
Tte tran8po:rtaUon effioienoy of a city as :relatee to advantage of looation for nanu:facturing , i s d ependent upon :
a- Position in relation to prompt and ohe ap
deliVery of finislled produots .
•
b- Position ae to pro!:lpt and eoonolllioal re-
oeiJ1t of 'lJBterials Wled in prooesseD of
IJIlnuiaoture .
to the oompareU1'8 efficienoy of "anbury in the distribut Ion 01 r'roduote It can be stated :
i.B
1-
~hat ::>anbury ie favorablj' lootl-ted in relation to
the e-reatest =kot and distribution point
1n Ue OOlmt17 . ne~ York City.
£ - ~bat J)Wl,bury is IIIOre favorably looated than 1lI08t
otl-.ar cities of .. e".'/ .:;Il81and .
•
S- ::hat in 1.'ldustrls8 "here the cs.rket for
finiebad "r04uots Is b the Z:.ist , .In.nbur;r
Is as favorably loollted as Bn7 olty in the
countrj" . ihere 4i tribution i£ largely "eat
of tha .u1eghan1e a . -"lanbur:r is not as favorllblj'
looated IlB 1.:1ddle ,jeatern c1tiee . 'or industriea
whoae !:)!lrkot io well diVided ns.tionally Danbury
iO @re favorably l.:lcated thIW/il8'.r :::rtgland cities .
""'"
In tr.e Ilrltter of eff101eno7 o.s to supply of lll/iteride uSl'ld
in l116nu:faoturo , lI.olslon oan onl:!/, be reacheil by 11 study of elloh
ind1vl11ual caso Q/ld of the ch"racter anil quantities of oaterials uoed .
In a goneral "flY , hO"(lvo!" , 1t can be aa.iil that 'je-;y York
!~d t~~e e!~~~~!~~~~~e~~k~~ ~fo::e t~~~~iI;iiha~~a~i:~k~~ ~!~ria18
quently offeeto the iI1Blldvanta.c~ of beiDi;" locllted a.t a dictanoe
froOl the actual aou:tOG of &u!"'plyo
•
�2lb
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uanburl haG tte <.!ls&dvantu.i)8 of beine a "one rallraod town . "
/hila tl.:.la doee not cake an:; ,1f!erance as to trei£ht rates , there
beina fixed for all roads . reearlHess of oompetition , it doubtlsOD
d08s put ..anb'Cr,7 at a
~.
dlf1advant~e
rsSa.rdinL, railroad oervlce .
logIcal result of aotive cotrrJstitlon boneen rallraodo
for tonns. 8 in a sinola c:lI:I:1unit,v Is that aacl: road ondeavora b;r
superiorIty of &orvlce and attention to shippers to Be cure fuvor , and
thla cocrpetition Is oertainly ot advantage to the c.anuiuoturere in
a citS' served by ri'1s.1 railroads •
.Janbury 18 e:ntlrel,7 dependent at tl:e present time upon the
•
Dew YOrk , ll's.....
aven &: liarttord railroad oompan;r for Its rail frolg1:t
servioe and Wl.ils t!:e officials of that roa.d are doubtlesS dOin& tte
beat tl.87 oan to siva satisfaction to the oany citieD looated on
tlelr s;'cte::l and situated in the Bace positio:l ot dependenoe ae
..m.nbur7 1et thie best is far from eatisf!.l.ctor] .
Ever,] great railroad S7ste!:'l of the oountr7 1.ae teminale on
the Eudoon ;\1ver or at the port of lIew York , either 1ndependently or
jOintly witl oteer roads . t:ost ot tJ:.e foreign and ooaotwice ste4l:lsh1p linea have the1r tre1eht terminals 1n the port of :ie1f York.
The iiew York area 18 therefore the hub or oenter of the fre1(;l:.t
•
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transportation s7atoms of/ciJuntrl
and of the world .
The liew York , Hew Haven & Hartford Railroad is virtually a
oonneoting or 8Tlitoh1118 road between all these transportation lineG ,
and at a reasonabl.1 low ooat transters freight oars from the terminals
of any of theso lineS to the sidings of the oanutacturers in .l)anbury
or elsewhere in Bew ::.ol'l81and . and (v10e vers a ) . tranaters the produots
of these industries from Danbury or otb.er pointe in llew England to
the traoks of an] of the (:reat railroad syatelllB ot the oountry .
This "awitoh1.ng" is done partly by rail and partl; by water ,
tle li[hterage slstea of the new York &. Un Haven performinS the
•
offioe of spur rallro!ld traoks to the i!1fferent treiEht terminals on
the Eudson or on He';1' Yor:.
3~ .
~hi8 relation of tle Uew York . l:e" Haven t.: larUord to the
other railroads is illustrated plainly on an aooompanying IIIBp , the
�217
•
lighterage system beins considered the 8Ma as oOruJeot1n8 traokao8 .
iithout BUOl:.
8.
oonnecting B.7stem no tlSJltdaotur!ns oould
be conduoted in lower :isw 3ngland on a.."'l7 exteneive eoa.le or under
aconomia oon<Utlona .
In a way theretore , Danbury msnutacturoro should f ••l proud
of tl.elr looa.tion on the n . Y. n . E: .
&;
B. 5]Staa , with its thousands
of miles of trackage and its strategio position in relation to the
other railroads of the oountry . Unfortunately , however , the !l'. Y. lj . H.
road 1s not full; perfoZ'llling the functionB for whioh it appoaro to
be equipped. Either beoause of bad manasoment or beoause of laok
•
of traokage . rollins: stocl: and toroinal facilities , the raod 1s
absolutely unable to handle tbe tonnage ot lower 1,."
gland . with
the result tbat all industries located along its line are handioapped
by delays and by their lnab1l1 t1 to reoeive or ship freight aatiafaotoril,. ove r thiD line . It is no exouse tl::.atthe preeent prosperity
of the countr] haa ouated
tlOrB
tonnage for the road than ite ie
equipped to handle. l:he stste!:::ent is cade that eonditions are now
abnormal and that after the war , the tonnage 17ill be eo reduoed
that Ue road wUl be able to handle it .
,/bo is t1:e prophet who oan confidently sal that the preoent
•
national proaperit:r 1'1111 not continue for man51' years to oooe .
It New 1!tr:Igland manufaoturers are to be penalized for their
prosperity and told that when bUsineSS beoome8 80 depreosed tlUlt
tonnage .... 111 be reduoed , they will be given better 'freight servioe ,
then indeed the1 are facing a bad tra.ffio 8i tuation.
i7hen throUCh the growth and expansion of induetrieo and
business the tonr.ace beoof:lee 80 great that the :l . Y,}l . E.. oannot
handle it , the officials of that road calmly order an embargo , IUld
thus 'throttle their ottn ohildrsn" 80 to speak j - they direotly injure
thB interests that support tte road and whioh are the baok bone of
•
Go.. England ' B strength .
The queotion of 7lhether or not the prosent embargo WILS
neOeSsary io not 1:1'.e point at issue .
�218
•
~he real issue 1s ':!tether or not the Iis'lr York
&
Usw Raven
management intends to do eot1eth1ng to end the embargo and to prnsnt
1 ts neoeaa1ty in the future .
Jo far
&S
we oan learn there 1s no encouragement given to either
at' thoBe oonditione . ':'b8 moat that the :'I'rltor oould learn 11.8 to the
p rosent sobart;o was tl.at it would probabl1 end wben the oount17
bsoSJ:l!l leGS prosperous . ':'bo eobargo has been lifted it 1s olaimed
on les8 than oar load lots , but still oontinuaB on oar loade , ';'11th
the reaUlt th;.l.t :;ow 3ngland C1!l.nufaoturar s and sh ipporo are put to
all kinde ot eXpedients to overcome tbis obeta.ole to their operations .
•
~he 1mt.1odlate roason for tho presont embargo . whioh provides the
the Jew Yory.
&,
:;8".7 Hllven will not aooept from other roads oars
oontu.lning oertain Unda ot freiGht ; 1s that the oongestion at the
roade terminal yards ie
BO
great that it 1s impossible to make up
traino and get ~l.e cars out of tee te:rminsl yerdD ra id17 enouor- .
In tbe mind of tr.e writer there are otber reasons tJ::.o.n this
eO'Wllver .
:itlO:lg
';Thicr. CJuld be enumerated .
1- Insuffioient 1000Il)QtiTe po':Ver .
•
2 - Insufficient rollins stook.
3- Inadequnte traok and switohing faoilities at divis10nal
transfer points .
4- Insuffioient classifioation and storage traokage at both
terminals and large 'sbipr·inc:; pOinte suol as Danbur:; l·
5- Inadequate lD.'1Jlagement o! terCiinals.
G- I'ailure to :nal:e eXpendituree to meet the increasing de~and8 •
.1
study of tr.e raUroad Ml' will SCOlf that ':'anbury is favornbly
located on tl.e r:ew York
:t:ew Raven . eecurinc the bsr:e:Ut not only
of main line faoilities via Norwalk , but alflO tbe fsoilites in
trancportation prOVided by the Central .,e',v ~gland branol of this
cyste!':l.
It will bs seen that oJanbur; is not entirel; dependent upon the
'store" or /lIIlln line . Freight can be tr:msferred to the Be_t on 31
.ii.1b8JlT 3 • •• • at the station known as ;:;tats Libe . ~hs transfer :point
to the ::r1e , OntariO
•
&.
-'estern , LacktPrarm& and Lehi&h
at L:a.:;brool;:. The transfer point to the
at :;)1I800n.
LS\T
&:
Eudson iD
Yor~ Central ~ystem is
�I
219
•
To practioall; all the otl:.er railroads bo;v8ver the tra.n8:fer
tloint 111
Q1J
Yo::."k . the ;;. Y.
haul. by C:.Lrr71ng
tre~t
::: • .:1 . o!' course B8curln" the loni,eet
to that feint . 3i8ht:vper oent of the
westward trelsht oarried over tl".e ':;e.,. York &: ::lelf HaYen gO&8 to Uew
Yo r le • .\.11 tbe tonn/li,;8 of the .:sw York & lisw :iaven to Lie. York passes
tbroUoh the Earlel:l 31ver Terminal yards , as shown on the aocOllotle.n,ying
map . Froc th18 terml1141 the fre1;1ht
the ~
ClUB
are oarrbd
by
lighters to
terminals of other roads , and the revorlle is true of BIlot
bounc! freight .
I t oan be eeen the r efore thll.t the .Jew Yorl. 8< l:ew .Iiavon
•
termino.l at .. 81'1 Yo r~ ill the key to the whole situation. Unleoe
oongestion oan be lre llented at that point . all other mO!l.ne for
bettering o.)ncHtlonB would be 0:1' no avail . !'ro:::l 6 ,000 to 10 , 000 oare
ue nolt beins: Q,uried dait; or.. the LOew York
Jew Haven oar floats .
:'hat nUl!lber of o:lrs must be Elhtulted !lnd switohed and classified
on the traokB of the
l:.s.ul iro
~rleo
the Ec.rlem .Uver
:1ver Yards ever:! <l.ay . The
:'er:::lin~
l~hterage
to tbe tertlill3.1a of Doat ot tl:e
other rOl1de ie ten :nile:.. .
:01"
tr~in
•
that re!l.so,:, and beoause
01' the
laok ot tr.rougl: passenSer
servioe to the west exoevt via the .;e1'l' York Oentral. . the
.,elT Yorj:
&; .. ew
HD.ven into rests Joined hW'lds witl'. the Penneylvl1nia
Railroad Co •• in tle oonstruotion of a new "C,mneotlng 3.ond" • .lB
l"I'ill be eeen b;r the ms.p this " Connecting ::load " spans the Bloat RiVer
by meons of an ·immense br idge ove r Hell ~ate and conneoting with
the l'ennSl1vnnia Railroad at LollB I sland Cit:; in the Borougb of
... uaons , paSSeS tr.roU6h Brookljll to nerr terminal yardo wbioh are
being oonstruotod belo.,.., tte 3W1l Terminal on ~ew York :Sa.] .
:>:he oonneotion with the Pe:msylv!1.ll.ia st Long Ieland City ia
onl; for paBseng'lr train S8r vioe .
Creating the noO'l freigt.t terminal at S';)uti! ,Drookl;;n will
•
shorten the lit,;hterage haul of t reiibt Oal'S froo ten mil os to one
mile .
�2J O
•
't'lUIi 'lI'rlter had supposed tbr..t t:t.e open1nt; of this ne-If 'freiCht
terminal ""hioh 1J111 probabl,J take place in
rii 1917 , woU1d eo
relieve the :lard oO!li'8stlon 88 to l'sr::l.it ";he l1ft1na
embargo , but a high ot1'lo1al of the
:;e~
o~
the ;:resent
Yor:;;' &: :l8'1' Haven deol.s.ree
that while the conneoting Road ,,111 probabl; shorten the title of
tra.'1ster at this
~oL"lt
and thus permit quioker deliver; of freight .
he does not Bee how it 11'111 1:,';restl;r relieve yard oongestion or
&tfect the 8:::lbargo .
The UBB of the ConneotlniS Joad will have no effect upon
freight rates . There is no telling when the preeent freight embarso
•
of the lie" York &: liew Haven will be "11fted n • TheNI BrB from 40 , 000
to 50 , 000 fre1t;ht oare now on the linee of this rallraad system .
,ihen tt.e line is oleared sooe';'1bat . doubtless the B::IbarSO 11'111 be
fraiU!Ll.17 lifted , but it is lH:elj" to be put in foroe a£a1..'1 at
t11:.e in Ue future .
~hi8
4nj
constant threat of unaatiSfactor; trei,J.t
conUtiO:1.6 is a conotlll1t I:l&nace to all rle7t Entiland ir.i!.ustr1u .
I.:ost of the oities of lower !ie"" J.J:lBl8lld have no hope in the
freight s1tUllt1on exoept throU£h the betterment of conditione on
the IJ"ew York ~ He':9" Haven. Fortunatel; hO-:i'evsr , .iJ3.%lbtlrl i£l £10 situated
as to c:t1l.e relief from this h q ardoU3 and nnsatiefllotory eituation
•
both possible and feasibl e .
lirs7tster ' s 1s only ten miles away. Breovster ' s is the terminal
of the Harlem Division ot the 1'871' Yo r k central Railroad . I t is
possible for Danbury to become a " two railroad town" and to seoure
the benefits of rive.lry between oompeting railroad systeme .
Danbury needs a trOlley line to Brswsters 8lIywar to develop
the large amount of add1t10ns.l looal trade tl:.at would ooce to Ds.nbury
from that Beotion of Z:e';"1 York through the prov ldins of essy transportation f!J,cll1ties . It would par DlUlbury to have 11 trolly line to
lIre'.7stsre reg&rdless of the freight situation .
•
~e
passeIlBer basinesB
e.lone over suob e. line ,;;,ould make the investoent rrof~table . :Jut
the tr!J,ok should be built standard gauge and beavil:r bs.ll&sted Ill:d
tl.e rl&bt of.r&y ehoul!! be obta ined outside the publio
hiBh'll~ ·
�2'; 1
•
It Bucb a road ;vore bull t the !1e-N York Central would gl&413
pay tor the priviloge of hauling freiGht cars over this l1ne to
and fro::! Da.nbur7 ' J.I8llbury would teen be located on tbe groat tow
York Contul railroad
8yst8~ .
Danbury:'1ould tl:.en Mve t'6o rival
express companies witl. resultant advantage in 8:zprsss servioo.
!:lsnbur.v would then be forever free froD the threat of embargoes
ana freight congestions and costl:; and annoying d olaye in freight
deliveries . lIanbury would
th8~
obtain lower freight rates to many
points beoause of shorter hauls .
There 1s no nae in Danbury ' s hoping for rolie:! through tbe
•
tra.nafer of freight fro!:! the Uew York Central to the now Eaven
87stec at :3rewstora . This 1s not an o:fficia.1 transfer point and the
I>o;v York I. llo;? Haven oannot be compelled to acoept freight carn
there froe the new York central .
A.
case befcre the Interstate COlllOOroe CortOiselon to oompel
the acceptanoe by the Il'ew Yor1; & :;e'.7 Hann of suoh fre1E;ht at
Bre~et'JrfJ fro~
the Dew York Central would probabl] fa1l , ao it i3
aga.inet nstiona.l raIlroad polio] to deprI'V8 a railroad of tonnase
by oompelling it to acoept a short haul instead of a.n establiOhed
lona: haul. Thnefore i t appears that )anbur7 ' B one great hope
•
Q8
to a batterClent of freiGht conilit1ons is the bu1ldint; of standard
gauge interurban trackage to Brewstero.
If the Danbury & Betbsl street Railway Co •• oannot be inducad
to buiH such an extension tben a new corporation should be formed
and a railroad operated be1rnsen Bre7lstere and .i.lanbury tlnd Betbel
independent of U.e prosent street rail..,-tly oorporation. Suoh a road
should pay in actual profits a8 well Ml in indireot profits to the
businesD intereuts of this section .
The Danbur7 Ie Bethel .;treet 3.&1l..,-a7 Co ••
=-]
at present be
too "'sa.£. finanoiall,1 to u:ldsrtaks the propoeed erteneion . It 1B
posalble that a plan llLight be evol'Ved for the reorganlzation of that
•
rOM and a suffioient lno=ease of its oapit~l to peroit ita handl1nc
of the propoeed erlonelon.
�2J2
•
It 10 pousible that 80::18 other large pubUo utUit,. interest
might be In4uoed to t.:<ke OTtr the o.I.!lllhur], &: 3ethel ... troet .;a1l,,'V
aM the entire utenaion projeot . It 18 pODoible that a hydro-
oleo trio pO'll'el' projeot =lght be 'll'or::8d out as Is 81l(;S8ated in another oho.pter and oocblned ':'I'i th the :·ropoaed Bro";fsters eleotrl0
line project . '!hie entire IIISttcr should be handled quietly without
'ubllo1t; and no 18
.jler;:jltted DB the ultl::w.te purpose of a
t;ew York Contr8J. oonneotion •
• he reDent rumor of an ertensl0.1 of the r;ew York , ,1estohooter
and llorthorn .ial1-:'1o,;r trOl:l .1hlte Plains to ;.anbury offers no pa.rtlo-
•
u1:lr advantasa to .... anbux7. Thie road Is a part at the liew York and
1:ow Haven eyotem and wbile this extension ",ould pOBelbly oreato
so:::.e increas8 o! 10011.1 !!Ioroantl1e trade , it offers no particular
meana of Nl1ef trom tba I'reeent uneatistsotory raIlroad
Looal
~
001l~
!tiona.
reic;ht ';orvioe.
~he
Il8stion of railroad. frtli;;ht eerviee oan be oaid to have
:the pl:.aoes:
1- .o.vallabllit7 o! tflrmina1e and freight ebtions.
2- Promptnes8 in ehip::l8r.t SlId deliver;r of freight .
t
•
~~:a;~ ~~~:!:1. :t~:;~!; .
,,- .:Uiole:lo;r of o0:u18otion.s "itt: other Nads at transfer
points .
6- Local ho1l1t1es for handling freight .
7- ~oope:rat1on of tranIJportation linee with shippers.
Without qUeetion all tr.e minor officials of tl:.e .ie'IV York ,
lle:v Bavon & lle.rtford Jailroad appear to be desirous ot doing: 0'1'01'7thins: pooslble to oerve the interests of Danbury snd to aOe1st and
oooperate 17ith tho ehl!pors.
There are >ractically no oomplaints among looal oanut!;l.oturero
ae to any
h!l.Be of the raIlroad eervioo or ratee el:cept tLe one
bIg oOl:lplalnt of delays in receipt of freight and dela18 in delivor;r
ot J:roduots . :haee complaints 1:9,ve been tr3cad up to learn tho
•
aotual c&uae ot de1a;;0 and almost invariably the inv8ot1£atlonB Show
tt.e oble:l: d1f!ic1llt;r to Ce the.ool"o{;estion at the Harlell .,ivor tel'l:linal.
�2J3
•
.Lare 1s oooaasionall;; soma dela;r in the tra."lsfer of oars
to ti;.e main line at lonalk but tmuall:r tee oare are Bh1!ted
pro
tl;{!it that Joint althougJ i t !lFpes.rs that more ertendole.
traoi:age f!l.cilltles at that point muld 'lie
faoil1tatino tho
o~
advantace in
u1o' olassiUoa.tloll 9nd tr.'lllsfer o:! o!l.rs .
Beo4ca8 of the freight embarGO m5llY chlFpers 1'.0.'18 reoent1,. had
tl:eir frdgl:.t 001l81ansd to Brewsters via the .. sw York Central .
::::ven .. elY Haver. automobile dealers bave bad large oonBiBnmenta of
D.utomobl1eo oent to thiS veint and have tben opera.ted the oare over
the oounty hl9twtl:,'S to their dostlns"tion . SOIllQ looal businose men
•
have faIt that U.S "S'" York Ii: D'ew Raven Should aooopt tho transfer
01' freight at Bre"o7lltore from the to;? yori: Central. to tho Contral
':0,1
land trq.oks and have been disappointed beaaU.Ele of the un-
odlltner.ees of U·.e •• 8"11 Eaven todo thifl • .>\),cb cooplnint i8 unrea.sonable
38 tha •.ell" H.:lven could not oonsistently recognize this as
0.
tranofer
point and lUt the eobargo in favor ot ....a.nbury alooo .
11.
large 8.Q()unt of
trei~ht
1s OO"l1 be in&" ha.r:.d 10d by d raya
ber.reen Dre;Tstero and .Janburj rel1ev1.n.e tho situation to sOllie extent
thoulih at h4;h tr:lI'H;po::.-t.3t1on costs •
.. be trelsht temins1 yarde and freigl::.t ot:l.tion a.t ..Ianbury
•
appe.3r adequate tor preoent needo . :r.o trlloi:af.,e il3 well arranGed as
l7i11 be oe80! by an acoocpany1nb J::l8.p for the quick handlin& of oars
and tho DII1f:1nC up of trains , >lnd the !reic;t.t 10adin(; and unload1n8
platforCD aro aooeDsib10 by drays to tho ::JWJ.utaoturiflt, plants .
Lbe Uew York SlId Now Haven has SOl:lO 0550 persons in its ol:lploy
at this point representing an ann1l.3l. PIl3 roll of over .... 300 , 000 .
::be aoCIpsny haS no repair sbope here at preoent but suol. Ilhopo
are now being oonstruote.} . Tho !>ew York &: !lew Bavon road lMint3ina
t;ventl street orosslnC;s in :Janbury. Fourteon 01 Ueee are o.t grade .
ive of thece orosoint;e };.ave bateo
exoept one .tioh has s. :Ur.b
•
an~
tho rooainder are unprotooted
!:llll'I. .
It io not 11l:.e1;r tl:.at anythi...'1i oan be ·ona for
oome tOl"lfll""d U.s el1minat 10::1 at U.s grade
'"' ~
oa.n:r ys(U"c to
croeslngo but the
�2J4
•
oitizens ehould soe to it that hwnan lifo 10 froperl; pr oteoted
at these danger )oints .
'!he total looal tonnage carried in !Ulc1 out of lIanbur;
;earl,. 0:':00010 100 ,000 tone. All the freiGht haI:dlod ;T1thin tho
ait,. of Anbu.rl io loaded and unloade1 at the one !:re1£ht otation
as illdioatod on
stat ian3
'".e Industrisl J.:aF ' :hero are nearby freight 10&d1nl
;vi tl.1nthe
.Ja.nbur; area howaver I tr.a nearest beint.
~llle
on the .Aot . L:111 PlaiT. on the west I lll'ook:!ieid Junotian on the
north a.nll :i:letbel on the south as indioated in the Industrial
~.
The offioial divioional freight transfer pOint07lith other
•
lineo are indioated on tha aooompanying railroad r.l6p
,11th 3oston
"
Albsn,7.
g~i:rio"
.laotern
are as
.i.t ",tate Li.ne
_
n ..,oo.oon
~:~-;s;l~~i~al
:
1 . ;... to
t.
-'!ain Line for Boston~hese
~ i.:a1~rook
Laoawanll!l
Lehigt
Hwi&OIl
;'.0·,7 70r;. Contral
oentral ~h.a. of ..; . J .Bnlt 1.m.ore /"c Ohio
10h1gl: Valley
boston" l!1lino
..1:.ore 1ir.e , :" . Y.
•
nne
follows:
":""Y~r!;
n 3pr1nt;field
n
uOl";i"e.lk
It
Uew liaven .
oonneotions aro ade'l.uate and plaoe Danbury in an
advuntasoous strateG10 pooition as to
~eit7.t
:!'acilitiel . it tbe
ualT l:i:.lvon oy..ltom wae o'luipped to handle all the tonnaBo offered .
7i'he paok-ace fre1Cllt (losl1 than oar load) eervioo in and
out of ..Janbury ie hi6hly eatlefo.otor7 o.nd tbis servioo under Buoh
oonditione aa have oxiated in the po.et is ontirel; adequato .
There are 35 paol:age freicht OIl.l"El in and out ot ..Je.nbury
da111 ' One BUot. oar 1eave8 Danbury ever'J nigt.t at c1dniSht and
arrivee 1n Lew Yor::':- lIarl;r the GaOe morning :!'or unloading. This is
un e:rooptiOn!Lll,7 favorable arrangllJ:lant for li.!Lllbury mo.nufaotnrero .
Following 1B
&
complete list o! the ps.ckllj;e freiGht 00.1"8
in and out of lJanbur,7 giving daill serv1ce :
!
I(
�2J 5
•
•
•
lIiraot Cars Dan? to Danbury - Fro!:! ,
Yew York 01 tyHarlem !l:i ver , II . 1 . - Transfer frOr::l P. Rd . - LV . - o . n . il . I/ . J .- B &: O•
.iouth rrorl'1lllk , Oonn .
Bridgeport , Conn .
Jew Haven , Conn .
lmrti'ord , Conn .
Providenoe , R . I ,
./aterbury , Conn .
springfield , JASS.
Pitts!1eld , I:ass.
lest o.lbany , :; . Y. - lid'. C. L .lest
I!aybr ook , !1 . Y.
- Erie , .iest 3bore .-~, . y. O . & ,i ..L . &li . - L . U. ::;:. - D. L . & J .
and connections .
POU(ihkeepsle , li . Y .
:Beaoon , :' . Y.
- 11 . 1 . C. - Rudcon ~,ivor Polnte .
Troy . N. Y.
~6t Bu:ftalo , :).1.
- -n.y.c,
Buffalo , fl . ::. (OHo .:;t . ) . ... Y. e.
30oton , :.:sso .
Plainvllle , Oonn .
:.Jlreot Care i)s.llil froo .DtInbur,y - To ,
He';? York C1ty
Bre';l'ster , r; . 1.
,Io!lt Albll.lW , ':'ranefer (U. Y. C. t: ,lest )
l.!o.J'brook , :; . y.- Erie , ,7eet Shore , ~ . Y . O . & ;7 .-L. & R.-.restern Connectlona .
•iaverly , l: . J . - Penn • .r•• R. - conneot1one llow Haveb, Conn .
Beacon , , . Y. - :J . y . O. - Hudson :Uver :Points .
Fort l~orr1s , il . J . - D. L. &: .. , R•• ,. & oonneotions
30ston , l!3cs .
3r1dgeport . Conn .
:Poue;h::::eepeie , :: . Y.
ile.1 l.<1Uord . Conn.
:Ilterbury , Conn .
Ila1nv111e , Conn . .... r:ms:!er for points in <i . :: .
~l1zabeU,port . ~ . J .
C. ... J . of .; . J . and connections
Oak Ialsnd ,:; . J . - L. V. R • .:t. end connectlons
In an eftort to keep the new Yor;
Ilew Eaven traoy.s ae
clear as possible and to expedite tbe return 01: ":forelgn" oars to
tbelr O';7n roads , 4 new eystotl of denunage chargee baa been inaugurated
bit the road at aO!:l8 pointe . ':00 application of tl:ie s;stell to Joston
i& e:qllained ln an !l.ccompan;lng clininG .
:'he
unload~
tacil1tiea at .Jallbur; are so exoellent
t.hat there has been little oomplaint here re/iar4111E the unneoesear;
holding of Cllre .
A series of queet10nll rogard1ns :freight conditione were
,.
aoked ot shippers by the Char.lbor ot Commerso oome time aeo and the
0 88 1"S-
answors 01 sixteen Q.!Ulu:t'acturere wore tabulated a.nd are
tl.dded to thia r eport .
�2Jb
..Ollle of theee tlB.nu:tacturers had no complaintB what ever to
!take probably tor the reason that their shipeante wore not eerloualy
oo~itlon8
8.J.fact::. by
that affeot other C!lnuj'e.oturora . l:Ost of the
dela,7tl / 1D. both r80eipts and shipment o! freight •
.;ome of the tIallufo.oturors state that notice of e.rrlval of
inoomlns freight 1s not alW:l7B Civez::. to tt.ec promptly . !Jan; of tbe
O!lnutllcturere report di latorinete on the port of tho railroad
in
aoting on olaims for ovor or.argBB or d8.:Qat;oe.
Cne ..l:1nuio.oturer p&rtioUlo.rly calle o.ttentlor. to the need of
0.
•
more dependable "over night" Inool:ling freight servioe from !:BW Yor]r.
Another Olllluto.oturor apeaks particularly of bad servioe between
IiSWal"!i: nnd ....lU1hur:,r and en;re this un:bvorable oondlt1onl!r haa e.."'tistad
for a long tl.m~ .
:'he emb.!>rSo r.:J.s been
8.
serious handicap upon 100:11 l'lUUlutsoturere
~;)uth
Who use matorial shiPlled tro!:liest and
thel:) have been obl1£ed to
.1[),.~·
of roe'" York.
~OQe
0:1:
eXpress charces on their mteriale o.nd
aUPll1eG largl!ll: ad ing to their tlaUttfactur1..ng costs .
;;ieveru.l 1!l!L."!.utacturers have cocpla1J::.ed that it sometiDes re",uiroa ee.,eral daJs for cut'li'8.l"d bound :trsl< from ..anbur7 to reaoh
t u York 'll'her. it chould only require one night .
!.:oct of tbe IIlallufaeturers tell of cooplaints made by thoir
•
ouetocera reeardlns: dela78 in delivery .
1.!a.ny oonu{aaturera
t(lte that wire traoera appear to be of
little aV!l.11 und no reports are !::\O.de on SUlllG by the
r~ilro~d
L:oat of the nanu.:!aoturers .1ho have sidings say the;
0;U1oia.ll:i .
h~ve
a1!:f1oulty in gottin£: empt;r oare plaoed on the1r 8id11'l6e when
no
ro'~uirea .
One ms.nufacturor states th:ol.t tho trunk line eervice to Chio:t.Go
ie exoellent.
:he
u::l
01' al.l. cODlplaints ie rega.rdln,:; dela]'s and the Met
serious oompuinte relate to delivery
ot freight
in llaor York • • hie
00003 baoJ: direotl7 to the oont;oatlon o:! trafUo in the i;:lrle::l Yardl;.
•
.. paokage
~rei[ht
oar
!:IIi]'
.uri ve
rO::lptly in H$'f York tr.e ne::t tIOrnlng
after le/;l.'tln.:.: hero but the oar heH at HarlOl:l for 80ce U:ao before
�2J i
•
bains placed for unloadilli; 1.J.: .. e'll York .
:"releht .utes .
The '\1estl0:1 ot fre16bt rates 1s 0::::0 involv1n.t; tlOst
cO!lplloo.ted oonditione a::d oloEle atudJ' 4
In a soneral way i t ca."l be stated that ..)snbury 18 as
f!.>vorabl.r loc.:l.ted for
coats ae most
~unll:!a.Otur1nB
from the view po1:J.t of !re1Cht
the citioo of Hs'", 5nt;l.e.nd and
o~
~ore
1'o.vorablr
Situated than COCa of them •
• 1.
fo1l' oitiee havino ,ort faoi lities sscure the o.dvantQ£;o
0:( 101'7 oo a stwise steamehip r atee to Bome aeaboard pOinte I but tl.ls
•
does not affect
tL
large tlajorlty of tl!l..'1trl:a.cturln6 onterprls81,l to
all; material extent .
... 01:08 oonditione a_let as to !relght r.J.tes . !-.lot, a,.ipear
dlaadv!l.I1tagl0UB a.nil unh.lr , and it 1s possible that
conditiOnE 00,1 be re--:.eJ.1eJ throu;;l.
Qr<Hna.r1l1 !rel
ggresslve
~d
Justr::;ont
I
untc'lorable
t rates a!'e rued so d efinitelr br tbe
Interstate GOl:l::lerce :omcl.ssion rulingS thut ther,
for socnr!:-.
lUO:
'or .. latar.t mtl.oda .
change • but un:h.lr
dis.c~i;;'.l!11.n.J.ti:mB
is little
ch~oe
_re ope:: to ad-
al.d there ic '.l1";'/.:t~"6 a .olOSBibll1t7 of seourino speoial
co:::c:odit./' r'.ltee "'hero the tonnai"e justifies •
•
•11e freight r.:J.tes from
~bur3'
to V:l.riOUB points is shown
br t'lblee aco.;,llIpa.1l3'ing thie report and also so:::e froight rlltes troe
other FOintO .
1:0 fair oomparicon of a goners.l nature O!l.ll be made of the
freight rates of one oit] tlB cO::lpared with another •
.In tlvero.ge fraight rate C£l.Il be ~ a.rriv8d at bo%ver for
a manuf!l.oturin~ conoor: havil'l,J a Jl!I.tion!ll. diotr!bution of produots .
~iB
can be reaohed by addinb the freieht rates ( of llo;.l8 SlJec1fio
claoo11ioo.t.ion ) to a nu;~ber of the lea.1ins distribut1ne; oenters Wld
diviilins the total bl the nU:llbsr of pOints considereil • •(hile the
figure thus secured has no .,artioular signifioanoe it can be used
•
in oOf.l.:arison with
0.
similar !1gure obtL:olned in computins the freiGht
rateD of lJot::o otl.or oo::::nmlty .
�2J;-"
.. uob a oompar1son for exacple beneen ::levala.:1! anll Je:v York
•
would ::hoO? that the 3."er&£1;1 -diatribut10n oost o! aCrioultural
!::lohinexy to point!; throU[hout tLe countr7 fro::l Cleveland
19 27 . 1
\'I
cents per O,ft . nhlle fro;:;; Jeov Yo::.-k the aVer3(;e :freiGht oost to the
same points
uld be 43 . 1 oents per
e~ •
• ane apparent ad't'ant 'e ot
Cleveland ov!r .:e>'l' York of 10 oents per en . on
!1
national distribution
of a:rioultuxal lIl:lohinery.
oih1le suoh fi(;;uree are USeful for purposes of genera.l
oomparison ,
0.
tail' oOC1p!ll'lson
ot
the adv.mtagee of one oity over
!llI-
other in regard to troisht rates amst be '.10rked out not only for
•
eaoh speoific line of
mo.nuf~cture
but for each specific l:IO.nufaoturing
enterprise un/ler oonsideration.
~'or
eX!l!Dple
!1
lllUlluiaeturer of a oertain kind of mohine mi.:;ht
hav" his lar':;8<>t m!Lrl:.et in the
be able to Seoure a
10,181'
~3st
and i f looated in .;Janbury miCht
frei.;ht cost aVerage for his Oml
ro~uot
d1ctribution tha.. a oompetitor loo!lted in :nevaland , althoush i!
na tional dietributior.. ?iere oo.r.siderad the Cleveland manufactural' .fOuld
ha'ge the
ad'9'.ll'.t~e .
In the ss.ca 7&7 fre1eht oosta on lIIZlteria.ls USed In
~u:1'aoture
shottld be ilgu:red out for eaob individual case , tts1n(; the frei{;ht rates
frO:l the nearest cource ot supp11 as the basiB for figur1na . as com•
pared with the freightratefJ from tbe neareot Bouroea of supply to the
00Clpet1tor .,lth whioh B comparison is t::o.de .
It is quite 1mportant that the Industrial !lepart!:lent should
at
have/band a.1l the freight tariff figuros available to parmit tha
road7 and oareful ostimo.ting of the coat of Bssemblins mater1als required b7 a.oy speoifio canuf!l.otur1ne enterprises • .;uoh e. oolleotion
of tariffs ,",ould be ava1le.ble 11' tho Chamber of COm:leroe \faro
prOVided with
0.
properly e-luipped Traffic 3ureau .
:biB lndlO8trial .. uxve:; cfUlnot possibly cover the oolleotion
•
of freiCht tariffs but 30me rate
will be found useful .
50:~adulea
aCcOmDaIlJ' this report whioh
�~ 1 . o~
rut"R - in Of'llte pe r 1 00 11'8 .-
..... nhu.,.,.Hew yo r~'
'!'Ioeton
Phlle4e1rl:ia
J'it1.8lrurg
l'Pll Uoorfl
At1.nh
':'few Or1f'aDa
C1ne l "n4
"'tt-ff'a1 0
CHc!!t"o
.~ .
Lo1U6
,1 . Paul
bA>.
... 4
.:.0 17
36
3 0 00
31. 5 26 . 322
5::: . S 45 Z4. . 544 .1 38 .9 3 . 6
1 31 112 99
1~ 103 at
(6 . 948 . 7
46 . 5 40 32
78 . 8 68 !it
92 . 2 79 61
11B. 8102 .28 .
I~·
19
17
2£ . 1
~ E.1
84
66
:57 . 3
2E . 6
36 . 3
4:': . 1
f4 . 8
liew York .
--a
Ch1oe~ .
76;S- &B ~ 3 52 . 5 - - -Ni-~a- - "3I . !r
14
12
<(, 5 2B . 4 :;2 . 4 26 . 3 n .s
14 . 714' . 1 £:.1 1 P . 9 u.s 1£ . 6 11
10
16 . 8 66 . 3 60 . 6 34 . 8 r 9.6
n. 4 17 . 8 4 7 . 3 41
31.6 2:'! . 1 18 . 915 . 841 . 3 41.
31. 4- 22 . 1 18 . 9
21 . 4 11 . 8 :."'1 . 7 !"t) .
:::: . ~
19 . 9 1 5 . 912 . 6
69
E6
ltc. 11)1 .
\16 .
Flo
66 . f4 . 138 . l tl. 1 07 . 7 80 . :: 66 .7
63
41
U:. 10~ .
Be .
65 .
63 . 47 .
!P . 7
19 . H. e 0 . 3 :"6 .
29 . 6 20 . 1 lU . 9 1:,! . 8
~ l.
to6 ~
11.8 6a . :s 5::' . £ 36 . S 3 1.5 26 . 3
36 . ~o . e 91 . 1: 79 . 9 61. 4 43 . 1 3 6 . 9 30 . 8
47. 39 . 1
25
to
60
40
60
14 '7 . : ltO. 9 93 . 4 67 . 1 5 6 . 9
60
66
45
!7
l~
t o(
\f'o D~Uf.Y
20
17
ro1e "" _17
_____ _
13
10
n!l' 26 14
2
.
2
2
1
Ii
�r1:A---/&./ /'~
SCALE OF
RATES~In
~
C ents pe ... 100 pOunds
pounds
~ FROM
TO ~r-~~~~~==~~-'~-1~-,~-,~~~~~-.~--j-~-'~-'-;3=;1~4--'
71'~
>-il
.-~
... . ' .... . ....'._
~,e~",_A_L
aff~~.
S...""'''
~¥..1
.i13 .. ' .. _, _ _
tP.4.-e
.. ~~
..... •.
3s-
I:.,_ ~-:e;,;. . . _ .,.
0..
.. ,3 ,t;J
,J
71.(
~~.
.3K;9
i'l .
f (:,,- ...~z..~
~~
~~~J: ..~.-.5.
. .... :~:?~~~..... .~;; ;:~
V
L¥
'>i7
'7
'''7
y¥
6 s-
.""7
.~.l ... n·.tf.._...<r:7
3 7-
~~
,1 ¥.#.
;".3
31'ft . :1.'3
~~; ..~~~
... .... ....
'if ~
~ 3, 1
..
J r,>:: ,/(1'::;£2,.,-
. ......
Jr.'!
3Vf .. ;"~.3 22.3
/~:J,. ...... .___ . . _ ___
1r;7
1S.8' 1.2,< If.
10,
74,8"
.:::7.'f .. !7 S' ¥1,3 'II.
Sf- S . ..t.2,·.1 18:'1 ;,).8:. .lfl<3
~Zr ,1S, 7 )cS 2.,'/,.6 Itt'! / £Y I2.d~. _
s. /2., . r,
.9£
ff/,
~." .. . ££ .. !3r;
.'. ."....'...
.. .~ 3,~. !.:;.::;,
99
/ /13
/e
/'1
::0
3.'-'".. U... ,.
::Pt&.La?.... ~ ___ / 1'-:3
-e.~"
"_L[~_~_;;C ..... .£4:ff!!.
"'_'_ '~_(l._~___ ., . .. - ,.a.....
f'~,~
... -:fj; ...,...
'7
··;;:i.
.. ..Lk'~.".~-<-...
.2:t
/~§' L/!,~
Q.3.
8"2. . ft£
..
:~7.;.f:
7~.r._. .'!to}!..?:. 52..5"'
35:
':It
3.
,............ . _.
".,3 j~,'
. .~..r,l"
.. 27,J
'If.
2y'
.,.3..
.J!t..'.........'... 2. .~ 1 /5:;'/ I£:.
.. ,.'T.
n ,.
1'31. ,~,.3 .
.....
...
"',7£"A
_n __
~~ ~
~~~f~; ~g,?,- ~7,.7 . ~./~:~:: ..~.J,.J. ~~, ? ~OJ£. f tJ, :;v, .
!'fl." aM f!o 'l .4Z/ ..R.7 1(,
1
6
,<,y,t
2..tJ..l .I~r 1.1'(...
S!tf.¥ 3/.£
.. .
([; _<P~
1
1
J.M ' ..ltS:
··· 1
-- 1--- 1
/ -- 1 1
···
1···
+ ····· ·1
1
l
fO,
.• 5'
_>
'I
l · 1
·1
II
. j
I
1
-=-:::;;
�2J9
•
In the ohapter relating to the hB.tt1na: industry a ooaps.rleon
18 shown of rateo on bate to Ue" 'lark !rom various 01 tiee of the
OOlmtry aa oompared with the Il!mbur;r rate .
t10t
m&.'ly
oomplainte n.l'e Il19.de b7 Ja.'lburJ' m!lUtaotursra 88 to
prec.nt frels}1t rates.
3evsral bat manrlactur9rS deolare that this o1t7 ehould be
favorod with a Special rste to New York on hate of 10 oents per osee .
~ttention
Is ouJ.led to the ooal
r~te
of v2.60 per ton from
the PennsylvanIa ooal f10lh to Dsnbury.
The coal , rate to Holyoke wbioh Is a 58 mile longer haul 18 the
•
eaDIe , and it Ie olllioed that this difforenoe Ie unfair to Danbttr:.r.
Uorwalk 18 onabled to aecure ooal at 00 oonte 1088 per ton than
D.'1J'lbury thrOtl[.r. the o.dvantafj9 of water transportatIon .
Ooal Ie 3hippeJ.. by rail
fiJI!!
the !:lines to Perth Amboy • . _.J .
for ,.. 1 . ~5 per ton . :he '\Tater rate froJ:! Pertt
is 45 oents
~~.1ns 8.
boy to ... outh UOl"'lfalk
total rail and water rate ot
2 . 00 per ton .
,later traneportatior. ie of no value to Danbur;:;r as t:l:.e rail rata
on coal from .;outb Uonalk to Danbury ie 60 oents making the total
rail and water rate .... . 60 the SSI:lG as the 0.11 rail rate .
On LUI!Ibsr or naval stoves or ootton !roJ:! coutbern po1nts ho...rever
•
the lowe!' water transpcrtation ofters Boce advantage to ::lanbury nnd
such cotllllodltiea clluld be brouc;ht to .Jo.nbury via water to .;outb
Uorwalk or Bridgeport o.nd thenoe by rail to j)anbury thnn if brouGht
here via all r1l11 .
•
�•
ra!lOB!
RA ~
011 I I 'l"l"!BUP.O CCAL
To f itt.bur •• • •• • ••••••••••• .
•ta
Clenlaud • •••••••••••• • ••• . .,a
0:01.40 •• ••• •• ••• •• •• •• • ••• 1.00
aa.r:ralo ••• ••••••••••••••••. 1.U
Detroit ••••••••••••••••• •
0 "
1 .'0
Chl0a,0 •••••••••••••••••• 0 ' 1 . 90
... York •• •• •••••••••• • ••• 2. 20
•
FhllMalpbt, ••••• • • •• •• •• • 0 ' 1.81
18 . h •• ••••••••••••••• • . • '8
lQUD!:ltown . O••••••••••••• . • 70
lIal tileore •• ••••• ••••••• ••• · 1 . 60
C1ncinnatl •••• • • ••••• • •• ••. 1.10
Mil_ab • ••••
•
•
0
••• •••••••• 0 '
1 . 90
�•
1
FRE I GHT
T O NN AGE CO M PARI S ON
~
•
1> n~~e~c 0:
.)(.""1,,',:.;..;,,,
Lr7Z
f.
Xo"""",\\\
,1179
j.
'/037
j.
/00
•
•
~
I
�•
AVEilAGX FRl!:IGiiT RATES
No re a l comparison of freight l':1tee of d i f fer ent
cities ca.n b e made excl!rpt 1n specific 118.8 ee. A general
average of coat of d istribution of a. cert ai n product to
•
•
•
the 18.l'g8st mark e t poi nt\! of t h e country may be obtaine d
h owever, a. compariso n of some of t h ese av e r ages ( as made
for the fifth frei gh t cl a e&ification ) 1s 9.S 1'0110'11"11 ;
Clev el'lnd. O .
29 . 6 ct.e . per
Columbus, O .
30 . 2
San1:!.ueky, 01
30 . 4
De troit
30 . ?
Chicago
33.1
New York
34 ••
Danbury. Con n .
3 4. 1
Naehua, U .R .
35 . 6
C1I't
��OANBURY- RAI LROAD-YAROS
•
�2 Jl
•
nROA:J 3 IDIn;;;S
• e follo';Ti% 16 mnu:!s.eturlnf:, phnts in D:mbur;r & 3ethel
have Siilines and are thus able to load and unload :freit;ht ou.rs
at their own
Bethel
door~ .
~u!actur1nt:
}Jot-risor: &:
';0 ••
.Junh!L'I!
D. :: . Loewe
American .:!atters &: &: _ urriors Co ••
:onneotlout
•
Co ••
~lUll
.... A. t:nllory
&;
"ons
uanbury &: BeUsl 'jaB &: :lsctric Co .
I
liall & .\oller Bearing 00 .,
:;:'urner .:o.o},lne
/: . .... lee
farner
~o "
~o "
Dr08 . 00 ••
• ' Bar:ll:l Ce ••
~oetor .;.11"<)8 • •
Hins~
•
... o
II:
Prlntir.(! ;0 • •
411 otJ.:.er lllliustrlal eetllbllshcenta are obli",sd .. <:I haul
their fre1cr.t to snd 'roc the central freit-l.t station on dr.'l7S ,
their frOll:iht tr.U8 ooatinG tr.O!l! ...1 . 00 per ton tlOre than it does
t1costl Who have aldlD£S .
•
�•
DonbuX7
to
C'ew York
7 Trains dally
SUnda78
Boaton
Bridgeport
4
llb_
6 . 00 A. U.
•
Tica
:;: Houra 13 Lan ,
7 . ~5
11
8 . 25
20
10 . 06
11 . 50
.
53
.
7 . 07
.
TBAIns
L~l
,
4 . 33 p . t! •
66
,.
... n ..JUlOm: FOR 3OSZ0r. (via South nONSlk).
.
8 . 25 A , U.
10 . 06
•
•
Ti""
7 HOUrs
11 . 60
10
ViC1 Brldgeport- 7 . 07 ?U ,
Hartford 11 . 05
5 On.
A,ll.
11
'3
��N EW H AVEN & H ARTFOR
.~"wl\."'"YtI . . .\"'I
. ........\"~~''''\(
...,;"... ~
"r.~.,\'
OPERATED A/IIO CO/Hili
fIOUR UDNE.\CH L1~E' NDIC"TE
IIIHDWIN06ERVl,
�RAILROAD llU'S 1 - 2 - 3
SHOWING DMil:IURY ' S TRI\NSPORT ATI OlI' FACILITIES
AlID ALL RA ILROAD CO- IECTIONS
Blue-- - --- -'- - E' .y. N.H. & H. R . R.
Gre en--- --- - - ·
•
•
•
Centra l
New ?>'Irl'l.nd Dh iBion )
Red ______ ____Boston &. • • ins
Black & Whit e N.Y . Ontai ro &: Weatern
Red Do t s ----- New road oo nn.O U D. with
Penn. R.R . )
Yel low _____ ___ Uew York Ce ntral system
�����THE N EW YORK, NEW H AV EN A ND HARTFORD RAILROAD COMPAN Y
De" Ra... en , Conn •• JanWJ.r,y 27th .
'.
.. anbur)'
1~17 •
~ha!!:ber
of OOlr.l:'.er:l e ,
1<r . .i.e.niel D . Lovela::le . .... xeouti ve Se::lret,aI',V ,
Denbury . Conn .
Dear Sir : \,e hue JOur letter of the l;5th inst . , 'lf1 th sheets on wh ioh
Jo)U wish us to insort rates appl1::lsble betwee n Danbury aod
:w,w
York City •
.dridgeport and various other pointe on ilifferent ::lol!'.l!:odittes , whi::lh we
\',ill endeav or to do for JOu as SOon as
pos~lble .
In this ::lonnectton wish to advise that our agent I;I.t Danburl' ,
Ole are qUite s'ltlef1ed , "ould be onls too 1".1l11r..e to fw'nish this ir.fora.ation U" in a p ..elt1Jn to do eo , but unfortunate13 ,yOlo tave requested
rate s to a nwr.ber oi points to whl::lh throush rat es are not published by
•
this ::Ortpa.n.Y . Wl'-.ioh !teMe that we will have to t ake the rratter u, with
western ::lor.r.e:::t,10n and
..:r .
Cunnin&ha.:'!: ' s deo11nstton to elve
~o\.i.
the
ratee 'l"iae IIv1dllotlj' due to the !/J,::lt that he d1d no)t have eBf!;S at his
::lo=a nd .
Yours truly ,
•
•
�NEWRUMOR OF
,I RAILROAD PLAN
•
, New York Story That West·
chester Road May Be Con-
slructedSoon.
~:~~~~::F~r~~~;,~
~:~!~~~:::,~~i
~~~:::~J~~.i~1
~~j~~~~~I~~1
•
•
•
�MUCH FREIGHT I tISHIPPED
AT BREWSTER
•
0... "r I.>.Dh"r' ..... ~I •• ' ""n"1'O"
I~::::::'~ ::.7,";;::-;:,::::.::,::[
~~~f;~0~~:~i
~?¥~~E~~~I:
trom'
~:~ebCl:~'::Y U"'~L"~"::":~""·~'i~."; i
... d,hl."'y.l,u.ro.'u,or ••.,d",.r-
,b .. "", '6 whom 'ho r .. '~kl ,. con_
"Muod h~,'~ """"" ""m.Jn"",.,.,Ll~n
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rfoneyUneto ThisCilyWOUld l
Grea!lyFacilitaleTrans.
portaUon.
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TO BREWSTER.
New Ha. . en Dealers Receive
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�(CJPY)
L.;:.T. R
MANUFACTu rtING CHE:.
NALLING1'JI~ ,
lST~ .
N. J .
January 30t.h , 1917.
So l vent.s Recovery Co . ,
i"anbul'Y . Conn .
Oent.le'1",en :your letter of January 29th received .
At. present t.ime
and re; - denat.ured ,
•
1;8
'II.
are nwt having any alchol rest.')red
found t.h'lt. it
"I!Q.~
h!l.rJ t.o sh1p through t.o
you on the railroaos , and t.he o.el1verlee could n"t. be depended
ulJ,)n .
For t.hL r",as.Jn.
.ere c')mpellsd to I1nu aOil ther out.let.
fur the recovered. alcobol.
\lihen the conalt.i,:m8 become m.Jre ea8y on t.he railroads,
'II • • ill
n.J doubt. have :nore alcohol t.o send you ,
We at'e sorry t.hat. t.his st.ats of .. fl'airs exiat.s .
Very t.ruly y.:ours.
hl{_
, ....... :-1 :HF.C IG"L C:I .
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ctC . ;{S .
•
•
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•
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•
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R&3,j 3EitVICE
,1b1l. there is no Seneral co!!tplslnt against the Adams
~hloh
hpreBa COOP!lD.1
provides Danbury wltl1 its onl,7 rD.11road express
servioe , yet it oerta1nl,7 1s of disadvantaee to a ooc:munlty to be
80 entirely d8jlOndent upon one upresB oompany .
Competition bet"S8n rival e;!;press oompanies results in
improvement of
would be
[101''1100
and gr6ater promptness in deliver1 and it
at advantage to the manuf3.cturing interests of Danbury 11
express oompotition aould be oreated bere by the extension of the
•
trolley line to Brswatel's thus securing the serv10e of the Ar.Ierlaan
Express Co • • The bat Industr] of .Danbury hae oreated a 10.1'88 .%:preBS
busineSs at t'hls pOint • .l. large percentage ot tile finlehed hats us
st.lpped from r.ere b;y 8Xproas . ,jO::l8 t:IfUlutactul'ers use the express
service excluolvely • .;Juring the past few montbe over 900 oases of bats
have been shippsl5 out of ilanbury dal1; by express .
:E'our express trains leave Danbur] dal ly for new
Yor~
and si%
for Boeton.
n.e ra6'tl1ar expresB rate and tbe tl:xt of exprass delivery to
various paints is indio3.ted in U.e following table and a
!:111~
aOOOClpa.ny1nd th1e report also shon :>aDbury ' s advantagee to U'lnu:fo.ot•
urers as a point for the quio!: d.el1ver;;r of finisbed produots by
°XllreDG .
The prinoipal oomplu.1.nt llgo.inst the Ads.mB 3lCpreos Co"
here
is in de1ay8 in delivery . It has been otated by some tll;l.nu:fa.oturers
that thsy do not mke suffioient provision for express oar spaoe to
take oaro of an;r extraordinary demands upon tbem.
Rate
75\" per 1W-!,SlT Yorl:
Boston
Pbl1adelphia
.D41t1more
•
P1ttobur[;h
Atlanta
..;u.ffalo
"'l'bs.ny
Clevola.'"ld
ChioaGo
~t. Louie
Zanso.e ~lty
Ji . Paul
..an ;:'r8.001soo
901 " "
1 . 00
1 . 25
1 . 60
3 . 20
1 . 40
. 75
1 . 90
2 . 40
2. 66
3 . 50
3.60
10 . 40
to
..
Tin.
'2TToure
,.
7
17
20
72
20
2.2t
••7'
72
132
"
�•
·>117 oOIl:O:lUnit" of the size 01' ....a!lbu:r7 1'1111 fin!! it of ad-
vantS.3B to establish 4 Traftio 3ursau In connectlo!1. wit!:; ito
oO::Jllerola.l orga.nl:n,tlon . .. properl] orS:l.nlzea
~rll!f1c
Jureau oan
be mllde self supporting a.'1d instead o! b9in3 e. burden upon the
z:unu!30turOl'o
a.nj
other shippers <.IlId reoeivers , of :!reigl.t oan be
DUde a souroe 01' actWl.l proUt . This Is r-roven by tbe aotual experienoe of cany cities and it is recomnendad that the offioers
of the Cahmber of :ommerce sat is!:;, themselves on this point b:;
•
loa.rning of tbe suooess ot Traffic :9uroauB in other citieD of the
OMe elz& as Lanburj.
Juab a dep.J.rteont
and BCll'vic& =:1
;l.
~rovid88
11ght1n&
a. central bureau of il".:for ..14tion
orG!l.Ill~atio!l
'to I'l'oteot the Intere:>to of
the ...s.nu1'ncturers :md to further the bettertlo:::t of trOl.:Ul0 conditione
!or tl:.o benoUt of the clanu1:J.oturerB of the city.
::'"he eetob1ish::xtllt of .a .raffic ,3ureo.u ."lould Illso tend to
eliminate antll{;onialll and to br1.:l;;
chil"perB
u.a
~bout
better oooper..1.tion bet'l1'uD
C3.n, !ers.
The service of this ::ra.f!ic ::3ureau includes :
1- Ro reosntatior. of the traffic L"ltersstc of the Cit; in
mu.tt~rs tMforo the Intorstate COl:l::lcrce CO!ll:lission.
•
2- .Jaom-in .. of rolief in o·::;.ees whero unoatlcfactory traffio
oonditione exist .
J-
~:~:~~ ~~1DP~~!~1 !1~o~~e::;~~~e :r~~o~at;~~::j
and
4 - !sBiDtunce and a.dvice to ehiPfers in routine; .
",- ..ooieta.l'lOe in seourinc deliveries in delayed chiptlenta .
6- ProvidinG a service for aUdit1rlt;. :rreiQ.t billo and .andlino
ola,ir:w .
•
�•
:be Danbur,7 &: Bothel ... troat 3.!l.U':f!l.;" Co "
oper:ltes trolls7
oar Barvice on Ufteen m.11eo of tr::u::kat;e in ..#a.'1bux;,r and
8xtendlr.g 'f:ro
~thel
t1:.8 latter place to Lal:e .i..enooha , threB miles >loat
ot )a.r.bur,;,-•
.. his tro.ol:a..::;e Is ::::ul1:7 a1:.o0711 0::1 the Industrial i..<.l" and
it will be BBon that t!:e street C:lra run ci>nv8:l1ently to the JlI8,)-,ufaotur1ns pla.nte permittiru .vide choice of residenoe for the
e~
ployees of theoa plants .
Certain a.dditional traokaoB \7ouldbe desirable se 1e Ut-
•
4icated on the sU'lll IllIlP a.ooompanying t1:.1s report , but t7hethor U.s
oor.,.;>a.ny oan or will
tlIl,j·o
euoh enenslonE: 113 Il IlI.!I.tter of oonjeoturo •
.\6 to Intor- urbtlJ'l. srloneione of tbe ..JMbur7
•.al1wll:' Co "
or the
conetrJctlo~
.ilathel ."treet
of r:e;"!' interurban linsa by
oorporations to be orge.'1izsd ·;;'&re i9 a ':"lids varlet,. of opinion •
.. ome oitizens !ll"e EtroDG17 in f9.vor of a line to ';S1l' Uiltor\! .
:here are etroT-a: advooates of eleotrio road conneotion 'With
.BridGeport .
1
oiii~ena
lli"pe:lr UIlIlnLloua iL. their daairs for
0.
trolly
line to ,jre":loters .
•
l'bere in 110 doubt but \That an eleotrio line to lie1/' ,.:.ilford
.ould be of advmtafje but there is seriOllil doubt 118 to whether ouoh
11 road would be profitable .
There is no doubt but ·.vh!1t an electric roa.d o01U1eotion with
Bridseport would bo a sroat convenience and advantage in IIIBIl7 .VIl,7S I
but there is
0.
strong likelihood that such a conneotion ;.Quld be
a seriotts injury to looal trade and tl.s uaroantlle L'ltereots of
his subject is d1sottsssd IOOre fully in the chapter relatinE; t:;l tl.s
•
~Mbury
trade area.
'Zbs propoBed uteneion to 3re';7sters l'I'ould not only be of
advantac;e but
appear~
to be alcoat a neoessity to ensure the future
developlJ8flt of r,rosperi ty of >.I311bury .
�2 JJ
•
~&
dlBt~Qe
:!ror.:l the terainus of the present stroot
rai1wB,7 &l!ltem at l.ali.e ZG!1osta to 3re;"fsters 1s onl1 seven 1:I.!1oa .
The en",lneer1n6 diffioulties ot BUc..'l a road are not foraldable nnd
tle cost "ould be euci. ae to pe.rmlt resBon!lcla earnings on the
investculIlt.
:0 utilize auoh a road :!or steam railroad traffio the road
bed would btLVS to be beavllJ' ballnsted ani! the traoks standard gall88 I
tbis I'IOUld prevent the utilization of rolling stool: uBsd on the
present line .
It "Iould alBa be ne08SB,'lry to seoure right of way tl:roueb
•
the fields as the h1ahwllyo oannot be used for steam railrOad purpoeea .
:'he bene:f1te of auch a road to the farmers alons: tbe route
;rauld probably enable suob a right of way to be sGoured at reasonable
cost .
An
eleotric road cap aoootlplln;;rlng this report shows the present
otreet r!l.il'll'37 and interurban 51stecs of Conneotiout and the probable
future developments of suor. roo.dll.
•
•
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CO~'MERCE CHAMBER
WILL~EPORT
• Theodore B Forti to TeU Mem·
bel'S What He Has Oone
Abolit Transportatlon
I
1!1
llARTFORD
Tl1ESD AY
I llladCqUllt~toR"
I cllive Attent!on that Situation
a;,
I
Deilland., Membcn Say.
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,
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'A~'n
up h, lb. ,'hAmb • • ur
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:,::.,l.~"o,·:.:,r.!.':";~·'h:~.''!:,,:'-l~';:
• ...,,..,.d ,~ . . . ",. I."a'n'~n< but It to
no .. 'b~ ,nlMU'm .. rib. rl\D. .. !>tr or
"0""."<'0'0 l.b u~ lh. ",.U.. h'
0 ... ' " "nd ~.~ , ... h ..... rll'nrt.o 10 01>-
. ::.:.!;.,'.•,q.""" .. b.a,'..........'r
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•
"
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There 16
0.
vel'] oloBe relation beween tbe industrial
efficiency of a cit:; and the condition 01' the streets of thllt city.
UUoh o-! the inootling and outgoing tonnaGe of the nanuiacturere
1s hauled over the streets In drills and drllJsge oosta vary aooording:
to the condition of the streets .
~he
better the streets , the faster oan move the dr ays , a.nd
the aborter the tilT.a of deliver; . the lese 11'111 be the coats .
Bad streets may lOB Ben the size of the dray loade b7 half .
I n other words
•
ood atreets tend to make oheap drayng8 and prompt
deliver;.
As a wholo the atreete of .Jmtbury are exoellent and no
lo.rS8 expenditures are needed to over come existing de:hots .
The
o~.arfl,oter
ot the street surfacing in Danbury is indioated
on a epeoial street map 8.000mpan7ins this report , and the needed
icprover::ente are also sho'11ll on this map .
IIy no U ng
th e l ooation of the indus trie s the leadil"lt, arteries
of drJl3'&ge travel are olearly ind i oated . These streets having the
heavieet tratUo require tl.e !:lost attention and the most substantial
form of oonstruotion .
There are ten oompanies or individuals handling the 100::1.1
•
drayage ot Lanbury and their total business is over ...100 , 000 y8<1rly.
:i'he eatll.bl1shed rate for dra:rage bet':1een the maro::mtlle
and lIlI;I..'lutaottU'ins distriots and the railroad freight station is five
oents per huru1red pounds .
~he drayae;8 .!lervioe
ot the oity appears about e'lual1y divided
betwoen motor and horse drayaSe .
1 011o\'l'in& in 0 list ot thoss engaged in the drayB(;8 business
with the Dtl::lber of persons employed and fora of equipment :
Cen
Horees .
I.:otor
c . :; • .3ruah
Danbury ::OX . co ••
J &me B Oarnvel
•
•5
Fr ank Graoaeber
l:o.rttne :E:xpraeB
~~e1nha.rt :a-. {o ~ruok
••
5
.. m1 th &
Benediot
. E. HUrdnant
c: i!: '~'r
Total • •• • •••
3
1.2
12
10
45
55
�2Ju
•
•
•
•
��•
COt;m'3Y
BlGHJAY~
./hila it is not expeoted tbat an Industrial :'urve;y of
Danbury can take up 1n a detailed wSV the subject of oountr7 bigh
ways and the good roads Ilroblems of Fairfield oounty . JlIt it Is
proper that the subJeot should have attention 80 tar as it rel ates
to the industrial development of .>J:lnbury.
There Bra t7l0 phasos of the subJeot to be oonaldered :
1- The llevelopment and extension of the local meroantile trade .
2- The development of the t'llrmlll8 industry _
•
The fo.rmIJ ot the J!lllbul',7 area Jointly form its largest
industry as to value of annua.]. productIon ani! numbs:r of parsons 8oployed .
_hat industry largely contrIbuteD to the bunlneee and prosper It,.
of usnbur,. _
TJ:.s betterment of faoillties for 1.norea&ins the ef1'101eno1
and prodnotion of that area are therefore
nearest
ot 1mpo!'ta."los .
trnneportatlon facilities b:7 ::leane cf
:;004
mar~J:!t
bCo~
roade to the
or Bhlppi.n.s point are as icportant to the farCDr B8
&cod ra,ilrca.d transportation conditicne axe to the t;Muf/loturer .
~ucd
roade Dun lowor transportation ooete and quIcker
deliver:7 '
':'he Jtate of :J"nneoticut has designated oertain maIn lines
•
of travel as
~trunk"
bif)hways . :iheee are improved entiroly at the
co at of the otnte .
The "trunk" hlehwtl:18 ra.diating from Danbury are indioated
on the laree ma.p of the Jlitlbury area accompanyIng tJ:ill ... urvey . Thio
!ll!l~
ShO:1B the clmr'lcter and present condition of these hiGhwa;s .
there are otber h1t;hwa:7s radiatiIl8 out froD ..ianbury whiot.
serve tee fo.rlllPJro adjacent to J3.llbur:1 >thicl:. are alao 1.cportant thoueb
the; ure !lot "state roade" •
.. here are alao many subeldlar7 high'It8Js or "feeders"
•
conneot1nt; the farmlnt; territor; >71th the ' trunk" lIneD .
It ie importa.nt that these feeders sbould be in bood oondltion
ee it Ie not of cruel'. adva.uta3e to a
f~rcer
to have a lOod road only
part of tbe 71S.:; to hIs market . I! he eM 0:'117 carry 1:.0.1f a load Pllrt
�•
of the "ay it I1v3116 him little to have a £Ocd road the balanoe of
tt.e ifa7'
1:.e better the ayste!:! o!
~ore
bibr.~I3.;-S
aurroundill{, .Janbury the
suooessful and prosperous will be the fs..rmins iDtereota .
:'he adv!IlItll.:;e of 'ood oountr,7 roads to the
~bur.7
tl(,roantlle
interests ia mor .. full,7 set fortt. ir. tl:.e obapter relating to
:J3.nbury ' u trad e zobe •
..:he 10.r60r this zone is !:lade through the e::!l;tenoion of an
improved l:ibhWB7 ej'stem the 6rester will be the
v:ll~
ot !tll'!Il.ers
trade L'l .a#Ilnbury .
•
he easier it is to co::!e to .l.Ianbury by horse vehiole or
a.utot:loblle, tho leu .. incli!".!I.tion 'Ifill there be to travel to Bome
other town to do tradlIl6 •
.. definite polioy 3Jld l'ror;ra::l of road llIprOV8:!1S'lt should be
:l.{lopted by t.ne oitl:;ena o!' the entire .iJn.nburl area and this
~rocrOJ:l
ehouH be vit;.0roWJ11 baokel up b:r the people of ....lUlbur;r.
Inste::>d of U.o present polio; of independo:1t action by each
town in tl.le area regardless of the pl ans of
ad~aoent
towns , all the
t071IlG L'l ':;1.18 araB 13Lou.H. toroulate !io,e Joint ooopero. .. l v8 plan of
road 1qrovel."lsnt anll .va!': ur.lted17 to
•
'n.le
~;ould
CIU!7
out such ,tllan.
r-rove an econoc;,>' r:tther than otner7line . ... 0 town
neeJ expend oare for roads tr.an it -,7ould eXpend H actine indopendently
but instead of f.)110w1nll oooe hllp hazard method of road work . should
seoure the ereatest possible benefit :from its eXpenditures throue h
the oooperlltion '"Uh otber tOiTlle .
For eXDIllple in eOI:e of the a.~Jll.oent towns good roads will be
built to oert!lin pOints up to the tOi7Il llne . There the:r atop am1 the
:leilohboriIl(; tow .. instead ot contin i ng
auol: roadc m:u.:ing a oonneoted
sj'stem if111 1:.e expend ina its energies in an equall:r futile 1.c:provement
in SOIllB otr.er direction •
... he ¥eople o:t .;;herm:l,l'l :tor instsncs can c;st part -83 to :Janbury
•
on a good road ,../hiob. tIle] built but have to tr3.vel a bsd rOM from
ttere on beoause the people of :le";T ]airrield and j)a,nbury have not
c;)operated with them to !":lake a £oOd Na.d clear tb::'o\li;h.
��·...................,... ,.
n ,,"ft:
~ ' C ~w ATC O
.... ' •• ,O ..
jotalt
Ilr
OClllllltrti rnt
"~t "".
35
HARTF'ORD Dec . :6th , 1915
....
':"r . ""'ante1 D. Lovelace .
becutive Seoretary •
..1anbury Chamber of ":otDl:lerce,
Danbury, Connectiout .
DO'lT ... lr:
-
I
prflparation
this lllltt'lr
rel".tlve to
,-,
have 70ur letter o~ .ve06Dber 22nd regardiDB
of 8. nnp of l!'alr!ield ~ollnty and am referring
to I.:r , George ..> , Eaf'!lin to oonferith you
the preparation of such 6 mnp . if it is posoible,
ith referenoe to the inprovement to be runde in your
~ounty in Ue future , I ru:l at n loss to give you anything
definite in this IlIitter I1S we have no sure t y that the inooming
r,egi81llture 'nill cake provision for appropriations . Conae 'luent ly . r oannot give you anything definite in tho wlJyof
plO\ns for the Improvement of the northern part of l!'airfield
County .
As r 8U~geated at the meeting of 'i'owr. authorities
held in IJanbury ea'lletlroe ago , tty idea 1a that the Town and
.dorOUBbs in th1e County oO - operate in their rOl1dwork . possi bly fOl'Uling a ..ll~h"ay ,l,/ietriot "for the general improvement
of roads in ao\Joinlnc towns ao tho.t too ro>d a:;st(lCl8 fIl!LY
oonneot in I'l proper I!I6nner .
1f this spirit of co - operation i8 oarrled out ,
it 'II'ould result in extreme benefit . not only to the Towns
but the Coun t y and even to the ~tate ,
r shall , sa I told you , be al"aytj wiHin!)' to 8'Xtend
whatever help I lltiy to t he improvement of the roa4 sytltem A.e
outlined in the Bugge~ ti on above ,
D.
•
�. . .... . ... . ....... . ... « • •
AT nE H,CflW n <; O/lll/lll, . .. ,O "
&tatr lit ClimUlrttind
~'lC 1<0 .
R 35 - 20
HI GH W AY COMMISSIONER
<;H""U.J • • 'IO,",n
December 29th, I9lS
•
Daniel D. Lovelace , Executive Sec 'y
Da.nbury Chamber of Commerce
Danbury , Connecticut
Dear Sir:
Referring to your letter of
December 22d in regard to the preparation of a map of Fairfield County
indicating various classes of roads,
•
I should be glad to meet you at you r
convenience to talk over what it is
desired to show .
I w111 meet you in Danbury
or a t the Capi tol in Hartford as 11\81
be mosl convenient to you .
Yours truly ,
•
GEH:B
�~ 'jlJ
•
ibnt 1e needed first is a compl ete BurvS; and plan for the
entire ":"!lnbury a.rea !repared bl n competent rond engineer. '#ltL. a
vie'll' ot 10.y1ng out a definite progra.:::! of road ll:.rrol'eaent . ..u.oh a
program should ShO,T the wisest and beet possible expenditure of road
funds in eo.o}_
tOnl
for the next ten reare .
The Joint adoption of euo!: n plan would doubtless result in
the joint emploY::l8rlt of
iii.
district highWay superintendent , the ealo.r,7
of wbom , when divided among the different towne would prove a emall
burden and a real eoonolQYo
•
The road map of the .i)anbury zone aooompanY1118 this report
indioates the roado that Bra 1n the best oondition and also those
wh10h dsllltUld the (;reo.tset ir:Iprovement at the pr esent t1l:le .
Ther e are a lread; many exoellent automobile roada oontributory
to Danbury :.o.nd 80:..8 of these have been ut1lized for established
"jltney" or a.uto-bus linee . A.!:long these lines are those :
~o
llrid5eport
" llrewsters
.ar.
.,.1 . 00
. 50
::llford
. 50
" Jlorwalk on order
. 15
It
Dn
Travel or:. these auto lines is of course subjeot to road
.
•
conditions .
A :further study of the oountry highway situation i8 made
i n the ohapter relating t o Danbury ' B Trad e Area.
•
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•
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�All HATS OFF ' 'I "COME-BACKs"
TO "DERBIES;" Opposed By Hatters.
THEY ARE "IT'
WHOLESALE HAHERS
TALK ABOUT TRADE
IN THIRD CONVENTI
Hatten,
in
CODventio.
Wa.khed for Correct Stylu.
J lbbtn Tl r t tftd PluTI U. Any
Wlrh Cnll ll1 l rlttllt'lla,
j
rllOldG.td$..
HEADGEAR WAS NOTED
D,""o" .." ..... nIO. ·'olotn.·b.aOk" .....
d"'.o'b.'.ude.~from •• '.!\m ....
<"on" ....... 1.... ' ..... hy .. 'h
<o""lu4'n".on',.".n _ I .n or,ho
...... I.~ ...... I."on of ,,"1001 ...1.
11.u... . . ,h. 11.,.1 0',,"0,,-
"Returned Goods" Evil Dis.
tuued by the Delegates
WHYIS THE BOW
ON AMAN'S HAT?
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lU<b.y.n. ., ..edlbattb"probIbly"o" ldoot.a.tbel""a,1on
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation Records, MS050
Description
An account of the resource
The Danbury Industrial Corporation was established between 1916-1918 to promote the City of Danbury as an attractive location for business and industry initially through the purchase of land for industrial development. The collection includes the D.I.C. records, clippings, correspondence, legal documents and most notably a three volume Danbury Industrial Survey which contains comprehensive descriptions and statistical analyses of Danbury's business and industrial community from 1918.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms050_danburyIndustrial.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
f8adbdb8-5e8f-4930-8061-bab2f15afedd
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Survey, Vol. II
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation
Relation
A related resource
MS050
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
09e76b9a-a440-436a-838c-de330bc6355d
Danbury
Industry
Manufacturing
Statistics
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_Industrial_Corporation_Records_MS050/393/ms050_dis_vol_iii.pdf
dd137c9c3f258043d23008651d1191dd
PDF Text
Text
�2!>0
•
1'KE HAT INDUSTRY
While to the resident of Danbury the hst industry only means
that portion of the industry included in the manufacture of tur
felt bata, as a fact the industry as a whole has a far gt'&&ter
scope and covers a wide nriety of manufactures, including an;v
thing and e•e rythln g used for bead coverings .
The varietlee of these manufactures might be ·grouped ae
follo•e:
~· Wool
Silk
Cotton mixed
Waterproof
Knit
''"
Men 1 e Hate ,
•
--r.?r
Stiff
Cloth
\'/a tarproof
Straw
Panama
Felt (wool or fur)
Silk (high hate)
Opera.
Uniform
Infants and cbildrene hate and cape
Ladies straw hate
Ladies bat forme
Ladies felt hats
Touquea and knitted cape
Paper hats
Rainproof hate
Riding hate
Rubber hate
Theatrical bate
P'iremena bate,
Straw horse hate.
•
The United States produced wool felt and fur felt hats in
1914 to the value of t39 , 294 , 228 in 255 different eetabUohmenta •
According to these figures Phi ladelphia produces a larger amount
of fur felt hats than does Danbury ae fcllcwo:
Philadelphia
Danbury
Newark, N.J.
New York City
Orange, N. J.
$9 , 914,443
'1 , 065,'165
3,900~54
3 , 601,944
2 , 822 , 860
Aa to number of eatabliebmenta in this industry and value of
production in 1914 the leading states ranked as followa :
Products
No . Planta
Pennaylv&nia
tl'!";llil!;m!O
~
Connecticu t
9 , 475 , 1'l78
57
Be-.. Jersey
41
7 , 969 , 344
New York
6,637,380
39
In the manufacture of wool felt hate Pennsylvania aleo led
in 1914 with a production of C:'1'16,886 as compared with a production
in New York" State of ~13 , 88'1 .
There are seven wool felt bat fat'toriee in Raw York.
�2> 1
•
StatisticS in the straw bat i ndus try for 1914 are not available.
Ther e was a big elump in both fur and wool felt hat production
f r om 1 909 and 1914 , due to changing styles .
Following a r e the tablee showing t he production of the various
kinde of fur felt and wool felt hate i n the United States in 1914,
and also the manufacture of felt goode of other kinde ,
!Ul'IJPACTUR.E OJ' J'UR- PEL'I' HATS IN THE UliiTED ::ITA'I'!S - 1914 ,
Number of eetabl1ebmente • •.••••• • ••. •• • 2.23
Jlateriale .
e
Batter's fur • • ••• •• • pounds •••• • •
5 , 766,904
Fur- felt hat bodies in the roup;h,dozen
395 , 848
Chemicals and dyestuffs • . • ,,, , ,,,, • . • , $ 432 , 161
Products .
Tot ii'&l value • ••• • . • •• · •••••••• • ••• •• i 3 7, 349 , 755
Fur - felt bate • • • • •• • , •• •• ••••• , •• '''J 33 , 603,531
~i- ~~~!r h;;~d~~t!~~n~~:~~t~~~t ·;~;it: ·* ~ : ;~~ : ~n
liANUP'ACTURE OF WOOL--PELT HATS IN
~·HE
UNI'i'ED
::!'rATES ~ l914 ,
!lumber of establish:nente , , , , , •• , • , • • • :30
Jlate r i a la .
Wool (in condit ion puroha sedl .. pounds . 606 , 957
equivalent of above in scoured
condition , pounds .. . .
561,639
Boils and wool waste • •• pounds • • • •
454 , 099
Hatter s ' fur • • • • •• • •• , • • pounds •• • •
35 , :349
lfool ~ fe lt hat boilies in rough,doz ,
13 , 449
Chem i cals and dyestuffs, . , , ,, . ,, .,
:34 , 501
:Pr oducts.
Total value , • . , •. • • , • •• . • ,
fl,944 , 484
Wool ~ f e lt hats,,,,, . dozens •• • •• ,
..,1 , 7'1 7 ,225
Wool~felt hat bodies in the rough,
doz .
$ 13,029
All other pr oducts, inc.contract work
154 , 230
•
S ilk and Ooora Hats •
In the manufacture of silk and opera hate the rank of various
cities is as follows:
Belli' York
Ph iladelphia
Boston
Cincinnati
Cleveland
st. Louis
Providence
Chicago
Other cities
13
7
3
3
2
3
1
1
14
Considering Danbury's closeness to the New York market it
would appear that the manufacture here of silk hate is entir ely
logical and an effort should be made to develop same to maintain
Danbury ' s prestige as a hat center .
Straw Rat J.lsnufacture ,
•
The rank of various oi ties ir:;, the tnanufacture of straw bats
is indicated by the number of plants in each as follows ;
�•
New York
Baltimore
:Philadelphia
B'ozboro, Mass ,
Norwalk, Com:t .
Danbury
16
6
2
4
4
1
1
"
IHlford, "
Beacon , N. Y,
North Dana,uass.
Fall River, "
Newark, N.J.
Petersburg , Va .
Other cities
2
3
1
1
3
27
'l'he only mo.nutscturer of straw hats in Danbury at present is
Herman Walther, who does some business in ladles etrs• hate in
addition to his manufacture of bat bodies.
There appears no reason why Danbury is not just as suitable
a place for straw hat manufacture as Beacon, N. Y. or Foxboro, Mass .
•
and such hats should be made here at a less cost than in New York
City,
The more variety of high class hats of all kinde that Danbury
can produce, the greater the prestige of this place as a hat center,
Straw bats are made largely Gf imported hemp and straw braid
and such material is purchased of the importers in liew York Cit;v.
Panama Hate
Hew York Cit;v praotically controls the production of Panama
hate ae ie sbo'll'n by the following comparison of plante in Yarioue
citiee:
•
Hew Yort
Chicago
Boeton
St . Louie
Cleveland
Philadelphia
Sta.m:tor d , Conn.
So. Norwalk
19
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
It Ste.m.tord and South Norwalk can manufacture Panama hats eo
could Danbur ;v .
Uniform headwear,
The r ank of tho oi ties in the production of' uniform headwear
ie denoted by the nwober of' eetabliebmente in each , ae follows:
New York
Chicago
Boston
Philadelphia
Cinoill.llati
Kanaae City
Sprin!ffield , lllaea.
•
19
6
4
4
3
1
1
Ae auoh hate are partlY made from fur felt bodies it ie surprising that uniform hat manufacture bee not developed in Denbur;y ,
and an effort should be made to establish eucb plants here ,
��2>J
..
Cloth Hate and Cape
By :far the largest number of eatablielwente in the country
product~ head wear are those manufacturing clo t h hate and cape,
ae shown by the following list:
New York
Chicago
Philadelphia
Balt imore
Cincinnati
Boston
st . LouiS
Detroit
San Francisco
•
New Ha.ven, Conn .
Hartfor d ,
"
Waterbury
Hadlyme
Other cities
258
25
22
15
15
12
8
8
8
5
2
1
1
71
Cloth bat and cap manufacture should more properly be
grouped among the needle induetriea. While special linea of high
class cap and cloth bat manufacture mi ght be ad"V&ntageouely
developed in Danbur;v , there li'Ould be little advantage in trying
to develop the manufacture of cheap cape here . 'l'hie line of
JM.nufacture ia not desirable and is largely taken care of by the
"Sweat shops " of Bew Yo r k .
The 1118Dufec ture of waterproof hats is already established
in Danbury , E. A. J.fallory and Sons turning out a high grade
c ra nnette hat as pa.rt of their product .
It i s stated that Danbury hat manufacturers cannot
compete with Fall River and Yonkers in the production of uniform
hate owing to the higher wage scale bare . Tb1e is a matter open
to investigation •
•
•
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JroR FELT HAT INDUSTRY •
'l'he rank of various el ties in the manufacture of fur felt
bate as indicated by the number of establishments in each ie ae
follows:
DRnbury
Philadelphia
Orange , N. J .
Newark, B.J .
Othe r N. J . Citiu
Hew York City
Reading , Pa ,
:;!~f~~~~&l;~~·
•
.New Milford,
"
Baltimore,
Boa ton
Amesbur y, Maee .
Fall Ri ver , "
Haverhi ll,
"
San l!'ranoiaco
Loa Angeles
Chicago
St . Louie
St . Paul
Or ange (omit )
Beaoon , .N. Y.
:::~:if~i:
•
'Nalkill "
Yonkers "
Ohio cities
Oklahoma
Other Penn , cities
Pawtucket, R. I .
Houston , !re:1: ,
Seattle , Wash .
Atlanta , Ga .
Peona, ill .
Waukegan , ill ,
De l.loines , Ia .
Louisville , 1t7,
lie'll' Orleans ,
Portland, Me ,
Big Rapids, llioh .
L!inneapolia
Omaha , Neb ,
35
9
•
23
5
""
'
'
1
7
1
3
1
4
'
'
7
5
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
1
1
'
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
':'be U, 5 , census report for 1914 is very definite in the
statement that Philadelphia led Danbury in that year in the
r;~~f:~!:~ea~fa;!~n;~l~a~!;Y f!o!~~!~~tf~~ho~ 8,;, 6gs =~~5 :•it• i~f
somewhat surprising to learn that Philadelphia e nine fur felt
hat establishments have a larger production than Danbury's thirtyfive hat mamfaoturicg plants .
We have no reliable figures on the output of the bat plants
of Philadelphia but a careful estimate of such output places the
total at 350 , 000 douna of finished bate annually, these being
most17 the product of the great Stetson plant ,
•
Danbur;v'e total hat production in 1916 as ascertained through
this Survey had a value of $11 , 196,500 , This inol'o.!j.ed the •alue
of rough h&t bodies ma.nufacturad a.nd sold to loc al !iniahed hat
manufaoturara or sold to manufacturers in other cities ,
1
�•
na!~u;~ t~~e;:~n~f fir.~~; ,~~~
!:! c~;r:c~u~hf:l ia~:!tp~~~:;ion
4
in
census would indicate that the hat production of Danbury had
increaesd four million dollars annually since l914 .
Considering only the production of finished fur felt hats ,
we find that Danbury in 1916 pr oduc e d 745,875 dozens of finishe d
hats TBlued at 9 , 0 71 , 000 .
Philadelphia's immense pr oduction figure is due not to the
quantity production but to the high selling price of Stetson hats .
Thie one concern produced onr $9 , 000 , 000 wort h of hate in 1 916 .
The other Philadelphia hat m&nufacturing establishments are n r y
small except that of Frank Schoble & Co .
•
The principal es ta blishments in Ne'll'&rk m&nufacturing complete
bats are those of E. V. Connett !: Co . , Essex Bat Mfg . Co. , Ferry
Rat Co., Hlldson Rat Co . , A. M. Rosenbe r g , and J . Rwmnsl & Co. I t i s
estimated that the total production of fin ished hats in .Newark in
1916 was 450 . 000 dozens valued at $6 , 000 , 000 or about one third
lese than Danbury ' s production •
Of the total production of fur felt hats in the United States
estimated at $50 , 000 , 000 for 1916 , Danbury produced over one fifth .
Danbary's preeminence in the fur felt hat industry is unqueettoned.
with
Newark with 23 fur felt hat eatablielwents and N8'll' York City
rivals than Philadelphia with ita nine plants .
28~:ater
Uost of the 23 fur felt hat plants in New York' however are
finishing establishments and these consume a lar ge proportion of
Danbury's rough hat product i on which was approximat ely 336 , 000 dozens ,.
i n 1916 valued at e.e , l 25 , 500 .
Only about a third of this rough hat - body production was sold
to the eight finishing planta in Danbury . so that over 100 , 000 dozens
of hats in the rough , were shipped out of Danbury in 1916, mostly
to the New York finishers .
•
The local hat plants which buy their hate in the rough and do
only the finishing and trillllling a re as follow a:
:~~~t& ~P;~· ~o . '
F . D, Tweedy & Co .,
Murphy- Gorman Co ,,
c. M. Boroh
c. J. Horch
Ne w England Hat Co , ,
N. Barchi Co . ,
The general i mpruaion appeara to preYail in Danbury that
thie citr has been losing: ground in the businaes of producing
finished hats . This ia a mistaken idea. Twelve finiehed hat concerns
have gone out of existeno• since 1908 sa follows:
•
D. J . Brew,
Delano 1 ifheeler
Fanning & Hoffman
Gr een Soft Hat Co. ,
A. A. Hodaohn
s . C. Holley & Co ,,
Connet Hat Co.,
Mi llard Bat Co. ,
w. H. Llooney & Co.,
NatioDal Hat Co .,
Rundel & l'lhi t e
J. H. To.,nsend •
�•
During that same period the following new finished hat plante
have been established:
Hill & Loper
B, Barchi & Col
Hew England Rat Co .,
The Danbury Co . ,
Baird- Untiedt Co.,
Diamond Hat Co, ,
Bates Colll}:'lany
C. J . Horch .
...
It is clear that these eight new nat plants / producing more
hate annually than the ttrelve which went out of existence.
To this gain however we muet add a large increase in the total
annual production of tha other 15 finished hat plants which were
in operation in 1908.
•
It is safe to say that twenty per cent !DOre finished hate are
produced in Danbury an.nuall;v now than in 1908 •
in
Probably the impression that Danbury is not gaining/the
finished bat industry is because of the large increaee in this
city of production of bats in the rough and ehipment of same to
New York City for finishing .
Even if it were possible to bring to Danbur;v the finishing shops
which consume the surplus of Danbtll'y 1 s rough hat production it
is doubtful if such industries could be considered desirable .
A new condition in the trade has arleen in the past few years
and this condition le one which cannot be avoided or prevented.
~:; m!ih~:~~nfh!h~~P~~!tore ~f ~£e!~ !h~p! b~i~ bf~e ~~a;he
1
0
0
0
8
rough from Danbury and Newark and because they are not particular
about eliminating culls or second grade bodies , their general
a•erege of bodr coat is lower than in the complete hat shops where
effort is made to eectll'e high quality .
•
Thie method puts on the market a cheaper quality of hat with
out trade name qual! tr value and has compelled the manufacturers
of high quality hats to cease to a considerable extent the
production of the cheaper grades ,
This condition of affairs is not neoesearllf an injury to the
hat industr;y of Danbur;y eo far as total production is concerned,
and it is far better that Danbury should make and furnish the
cheaper grades of rough hat bodies to the New York finishers, than
to have the New York f'1nishers locate in Danburr.
While without doubt it will be of advantage to Danbury to secure
a greater diversity of industries, yet it would be a vital lo88
to the city to lose its present poe! tion of importance in the hat
industry , whioh is an asset that forme a •ery important factor
in the industrial and COIDI!Iercial strength of the community,
emp~~~ui~o;~~: ~:r~~!: ~0 »;:~:r~. bf4:is;~~g~ 1 !!::ri;
•
On
which
would
exist
r!·::gea .
top of this however are the pay rolla of 27 other industries
are dependent upon or allied to the hat industry and which
also disappear from Danbury if the bat industry ceased to
here. The88 27 allied iodustriee employ 1050 persona,
�•
Therefor• the combined pay roll of the hat industr;y and
allied iDduatrlea of Danbury 1e $4 , 818,200 annually .
As the total annual pay roll of all of Danbury 1 a 1nduatr1ee
te only t6 , 03!5 , 700 i t can be seen that if the hat industry were
to be wiped off the lll&Jl here, there would not be very much left
in thie ooamunity in the way of industries .
The 35 bat establishments rep resent an investment value of
$ 3 , 683,000 and had a production in 1916 valued at t11 , 196 , 500 .
'I'he 27 industries allied to bet manufacture produced goode
in 1916 valued at $3 , 975 , 000,
'.l.'he total production in Danbury in the hat and allied
induetriae ts therefore $15 , 171 , 500 .
•
As a source of revenue to the me rcantile banking, profess ional
and other business interests of Danblll'y the t otal hat industr y
repr eeente the follo1fing value •
Population due to presence of bat industry
Expended by wage earners yearly
Expended by 62 ma.nufactur1II8 plants fo r
supplies , taxee, power , light ,insurance ,
Expended by owners and offi~~!~~ etc. ,
Total reaenue of industry to
Danbury
$
18 , 000
4 , 000 , 000
tt , ~g : ggg
$5 , ~ 0 000
lith such eubetantial figures before them the business
intereete of Danbury muet realize how important i t is to take e very
possible meaeu:re not only for the preeerving and building up of
these existing industries but for the eecuring of additional hat
manu!aoturing establishmente or industries allied there to.
quu~~!. 8 ~~ ~";~l~th!:ei~!;:;;:rlf:eP:~:i~i~e;:er: ~~w~~
no
and thi8 growth should be made to take place in Danbury instead of
elsewhere .
•
Danbury possesses the prestige , the reputation &nd the
favorable oond.itiona that ehould make such g rowth easier than !or
other oommun.itiea .
As in eo many other linee of industry the advantages of
"centralization" and specialization are highly important .
The silk industry is not g r owing in Paterso n , the shoe
induetry in certain l!asaachuaae te cities , the automobile industry
in Detroit , the pottery indUBtry in East Liverpool or the tire
indus try in Akron, because those cities are peculiarly adapted
tof those lines of manufacture, but because of the rood fortune
of those cities in having had those industries centralized .
...
Centralization of the felt hat indust r y in De.nburJ meane
that there are enough bat msnufactu:rers here to eot in more or leae
concerted and cooperative w~~: ye for their mutual benefit, it mesne
that through the large amount of bat shi}Y.nents , certain traffic
accommodations and advantages are obtained, it means that because
of the number of batteries a large number of allied industries have
aprUll& up here giving the local hatters the advantage of ready
acceaeibilit;y to and low ocate of fur, eweat banda, bat banda,
blocks , boxes, reede, machinery and supplies of various kinde whiob
would not be aoceeeible to an isolated bat plant .
�•
In a general way it can be stated that D&Dbury poaeeuu the
following adnntagn for bat manufacture:
1 - Cheap electric power
::
i!!afa!!~t:!: ;~fr l::~~~f:!!Y
values
4- Freedom tl"om harassing local building regulations.
S- Proxlmi ty to the New York market .
6 - Comparat1vel7 low labor coats .
7- Superior package freight service,
8 - Cheap and excellent water,
9 - Favorable living conditions for •orkmen .
10 - E:xcellent train and express service,
ll- Availab111ty and comparatively low coat of furs , glue ,
sweat bands , reeds , blocks, Bilk bat banda and
machinery &nd repairs of all k i nde .
The ooM.itione which can be said to be disadvantageous to
the development of the hat indus try in Danbury are:
•
1234-
Slow freight deli varies
More or lees union labor trouble and labor a~i tati o h •
High coal coste
Cheap competition in hat finishing by h'a.· York
sweat shopa .
To what a:rtent these advantages may be increased ani! the
dieadvantagea reduced offer special studies which are taken up
in separate chapters .
It 1a obTioue howeTar that the disadv&ntages .£.!!!. be
overcome or off- eat to a large extant and it would appear to be
to the interests of the manufacturer& and to all the buaineaa
intereats of Danbury to better these conditione in every way
poasible .
The largeet hat manufacturing establiahment in Danbury 1a
that of the P, H. Lee Company which baa 1000 employees . Bert in
Importance 1e the plart.of E. A, Yallory & Sana whi ch has 625
'II, Green & Sons r anD third with
;Sl;l~!;~~y:~!:• the plant of John
•
i':e1~; ~!~~!;?pr~~u~!: !~~!~~~ ~~ ~:bfU:
u8o.
i:1!h:arear
output of the company and occupies the same relatiYe position in
the trade to - day.
The growth of the finiah ed hat induet r y in Danbury ia shown by
the following figu.rea:
1904
1 909
1914
1916
.
$ 7 , 198,376
6, 858,882
7 , 065,765
9 , 071,000
The production of hat bodies in the entire ata.ta of Connecticut
~na only 335 , 947 do1ene in 1909 valued at t 2 , 400 , 044 while the
production of Denbury alone in 1916 was valued at oYer $2 , 000 , 000 .
The hat induatr;y of Danbury is divided into a number of
apecialized groupe , as followa o
(The IIU.IIIber of malea and fe:aales employed is given for
each iDdu..atry)
Jlales
Females
Plniahed Stiff Hate
~
~
A, Shelton Davenport
50
Cuff Hat Co .,
50
•••
�•
Pinbhed
~oft &
Stiff Hate .
:~~lt& ~p;~,:~~
P, D. Tweedy &: Co ,,
~~n AG 8 ~~~r~ 0 ~ • Sons
Meeker l!roa. Co. ,
B. Barchi Co ,,
~~-J~~~~~~
c. u: . Horch
Hat Co.,
John W, Greene & Sons
Murphy. Gorman Co . ,
The Danbur;v Co, ,
Baird Untiedt Co, ,
F, H, Lee Co ,,
•
Malee
Emplond
25
38
30
500
50
140
5
''
6
EmploY! d .
30
26
30
126
30
35
5
5
9
8
225
125
60
60
125
1 00
250
200
250
150
Unfinished Soft & Stiff Hate
Daniele & Trimpet
:~r.G~·~~n~~: ' Co,,
"Bethel Mfg , Co . ,
Unfinished Soft Hate.
Columbia Hat Co .,
George t1o I.e.chlan
H. Me Lachlan & Co .,
Simon &: ban
Baitaoh & Co , ,
Herman ~ral tller
Bethel Hat Formi ng Co , ,
Cldf Hat Co ,,
115
150
60
40
,.
60
125
D. E . Loewe
M, A, &: J ,C. Beltaire Co, ,
Diamond Hat Co ,,
Delohery Hat Co, ,
The &tea Compan;v
0
3
6
90
12
35
20
Finished Soft Hate
•
Pemalea
225
30
15
225
240
,.
10
8
50
66
ladies Felt Hate
E . A, Mallory & Sons .
Finiahiwr: Seconds .
IV , Jl, ltbeelBr
Cra't'enatta Hate
E, A, Mallory & Sons
St r aw Hate.
Harman Walther,
Labor Condi tiona
•
Of the total of 5158 pe rsons enga!ed in the hat
me.nufaoturing and finishing in Danbury :5892 are malea and 1266
female a .
�•
Females are employed principally in the finiabing shops
as trimmers and the preponderance of male employees cl&eaifiee the
hat induetey as largely a male employing trade.
The wages in most of the eetablishmente is determined on a
piece work basis, the pr esent union schedule for piece 1t'Drk being:
ae follo'lt'e:
Per
Stiff Hate
~;~~!~
Hardening
Forming
~~!!rgs
Stiffening
Stretching
Coloring
•
Blocking
~r!!r~ng
Curling &
Settint
Packing
Week
$1~. 00
"
"
~2:s:o
25
30
15
30
t~t
e30
$20- 25
Per
Bi
Pi{ce Work
7g/
"
"
"
"
"
"
14No;opiece
; d~z .
..-ork
12¢ per dot.
35 ¢ "
"
~~~5
so;
Soft Hate
Week
p:~·l~rk ~!~~!~
:
..
:
..
E:v Piece Mork
e~ =~/!:;· l~grk
Hardening
Forming
"
"
Ut
~~!!~~
Stiffening
Stretohtns
Blocking
$25 .
f30 .
~30 .
~~~~!~~! 8 tis:~o
t.es.
Flanstns
75'1_ " "(hand)
35ij " "(machy)Velouring
$25 ,
No piece work Pouncing $30-40
~~~!sng
~~g :
"
"
t14 ~s
"
"
"
"
; do! .
No piece work
69' per doz .
5¢ "
"
i:;s:
201 ..
"
30¢ "
17¢ "
~o p~ece w~rk
The scale in the three"open" ahOJlS• those of D. ! , Loewe,
A.t, A. & J , C. Beltaire and Meeker Bros . & Co ., does not Yary much
from the above .
In these shops the men earn from ¢15 . 00, to $35 ,00 per week and
the women from $ 10.00 to $H~ . 00. The scale ie:
For male finishere
"
" eizers
" female trimmers
~~~ Jl!r d~zen
40¢
"
..
The figures given by the manufacturers of hats in the rough
as to the earning power o! employees is as follows':
•
Stretchers
Pouncere
Blockers
Pormers
Size rs
Stiffeners
t35 , 00 per week
40 . 00 "
" (16¢ per doz.}
40 , 00 ..
.. (18¢ " ..
)
25 , 00 "
" ( 85j{ per 100 l
25 , 00 "
" ( ~1 .15 per doz.)
25.00 "
..
The !i~es gi van by the manufacturers of finiehed hats as
to the earning power o! employees is as follows:
Finishers
Flangere
Trimmers
Curlers
•
to 25 . 00 per week f ~i:~~
$30 , 00
"
"
(25¢
"
(50 ¢
"
"
( 25;'
t1a.oo
$ 6,00 to 15 . 00 "
$15 . 00
p~r d~zj
"
"
"
")
" )
" )
While the stunt on "etent" method o! limiting the production
of operativee 1a still in force under union regulations we are informed that the restrictions are not as arbitrary as forme rly and
that operatives may continue work for the full worlr day ragardleee
of whether they have more than completed their daily taek or "stent",
'l'hie permits that a manufacturer by agreement can count on continuous
plant ope r ation for the full working day i ! he eo deeiree.
The fixed working day in the hat industry is 9 hour a with
Saturday afternoon off making a 50 hour week ,
�•
~G
•
9 , 00
10 . 50
12 . 00 & 13 . 50
15 , 00
16 , 50
18 . 00
21.00
24 . 00
27.00
!!and
Ironad by
ltachine
Brims
Flatea
1 . 75
1 . 85
2, 00
2. 25
2. 50
2,75
1 . 50
1 , 50
1 , 60
1 . 75
2 , 00
2.25
2. 50
1 . 30
l..f.O
1.56
1 . 80
Side !&the or
:Pouncing !.lachine
with :Brima
Jiggered ,
. 75
.eo
. 96
1.15
1.35
1 . 50
1,75
2 . 00
2 . 25
e. os
2. 30
.fLANGING
All fanc7 and dress shapes ironed anll bagged • •••• ,.
Hats flanged twice
25 oenta
P'iret 1'1&nging ..••••••.. .•• •••••••••.•• ..
i"langing aeoond time , • .••...• . ..•..•••••
20
25
!!at a f1an~d onl;v once , • .•• • . ••••••• , .. , , • • ••• , ••.
Be.g~ing flats and hammoolta • , , • , , ...• .. , •••• • •••• , .
16
25
All Bille of Prices to be made on the Sellin!' Price of the
finished product , Where quality marks are ueed in the Bill of Prices ,
they must be aooompanied by fi~rea indicating the eelling !'rice.
Bille of Prices cannot be accepted by Shope Crew or Local
Dietrlcte unless ID&de on the baale of Sellin~ Pr1 ce, and the Selling
Price ill on the Bill of Prices ,
UI:!II!..f]JY UBIVljESAL BILL 00' fRICES
•
lli!M,
FOR
p~ ill~~ SOPT ~
~ UJIDER ~ ~ ~
t 9 , 00 !Uld ~10 . 50 lfT&dlltl
12 . 00
"
13 . 50
"
15,00 !: 16 , 50 up to 4 oz .
18 . 00
It
..
"
It
21 . 00
£!.
"!.!ACHINE STAR'I'l:r.G"
n~t l';ae tru;n $
"
24.00
"
..
:6g p~r d~zen
1
1,10
1.15
1 . 20
1.30
1 . 40
"
It
..
..
Five cents extra for every i oz. over 4 os ,
Thh price only tQ apply to syetem known as "!lachine Starting , "
TRn'JIING 0? HATS,
•
Tri.mrrsing from • , •••. .. • , , 45 to 75 oenta
Binding
" , , • , , , , • , • , , , 10 to 15
"
Putting in tips • •• . , , , , • 16 oente a dozen
Zlastio and cords • •••• , , 6 to 12 cents
Pads and buckle a . . • • • • • • 6 to 12 cents .
�•
PROCESSES OF :!A.NID"AC:'URE
The mamfacture of bate ia one or the moat interesting
of TJ18llUt'&cturinll rroceasee and fa.,.. wearers of this important
part of the lll&le wardrobe #ould recognise in the great balsa of
rabbit , hare, muskrat, otter and other skins that oome to
the Danbury fur f&otoriaa the !Dilterial from which t'heir (fur)
felt ha!a are ma.ie ,
The beet ekina and by fer the la.rgeat portion are
imported and arrive tn great bales containing from 2 , 000 to
4 , 000 aklne . Many proceaaee are gone through in the f'ur factoey
before the fur ia ready for the hat :nanufaoturer , who, after
pu~t.1ng 1t throu~h blowers , which clean the fur from foreign
aubatanoae and hair , start the actual making of a hat by ,-algbing out Just enoup;h fur to make a given aha and weight of
soft or a t i f f heRd£1:ear ,
•
The fur la fed into s.n inclosed machine in which ia
a revolving corper oone, perforated and \Yet, beneath which ia
a rapidly revolvtn~ euction fan which creates s. downward air
current , 'l'he reaul t 11.1 that the li>tht wei>tht fur is swirled
abou t until is arpears like a miniature enow storm and ~radually
anrt evenly eettlee on the cone ,
i'.'hen all the fur for one hat is thus fed into the
former and is depoe! ted on the cone , the machine ie opened , the
operator wra:pa a cloth about the cone with its evenly deposited
coverinl! of fur , removes the cone and slips off the first fern of
the hat . It aprsars to be a conical , wet anil delicate object ;
but is quiokl7 illacereed ih warm W8ter , which inore,..aea the hold·
i~ quality of the fur so that the "bodies " can be safely
hatJdled throuvh the aucceasi ve ;Froceeaes of ehrinkint to exact
shea , (\yein@: for ileslred c.:~lora and dryln~t, all of which 111
neceaaary bef'ore the roull'h bodies begin their trs.vela throu~b
the bawls of various ek11led workmen who ehape anil block and trim
wtth the ald. of almost humn mechanical aida, the boUea into
'
fintahed hate •
•
•
�•
The manufacturers eeem to vary however in their views ae to
what the working week ie , as follows:
The Danbury ~0':' nnu!:~ro:man.rc~~:k~hort Hat co ., Heman Walther ,
t Co , , Daniela & Trimpet .
Simon & Keane, 4 , A, G,
1
c.
J.
Horch,lif:'tSJ~ ~~~sll!a•g~~ :
John W, Green & Eons, B&ird-
~~t~:~it~:·
ba~:~~t~~~ii 0& ·r!~~· c~:·~~o~ ~ · ia~~~::~ ~~h;~·'
Hat l!'orming Co. , Baitoh & Co ., Bethel lr{fg, Co ., Hoyt - Messenger Co .
New
~land
=!£iCt :\~olf.slo~~h:eD!{ohery Kat co., N. Bar chi Co ,
Von Gal Hat g~oi~~r:raatsc~~~ u~r~i:fgJ~g~k~ltaire, D. E. Loewe,
Cuff Hat Co ., E. A. Mallory & Sons , H. lie Ls·chlan & Co .,
•
As explained in the chapter on "Labor Condi tiona" the employees
in the hat trade are largely unionized .
There appears no general sentiment among the local manufacturers
antagonistic to the organization of labor as a principal, but there
have been some very bitter clashes in Danbury in former years on
the open shop question and on the application of union regulations
that were considerea arbitrary.
lrbatever disputes formerly existed have however been apparently
entirely settlea and we cannot learn of any present diaturbanoe of
conditione or likllhood of' further trouble.
Raw Materiale
The uterlale ueea by the lll&nufacturers of bate in the rough
are ae follows:
Fur•
Where obtained from
Scotch Coney
Sa:rony Hare
Australian Rabbit
Domestic Rabbit
•
Glue
Shellac
Dyu
Machinery
Blocks
Ds!Jbury &: New ,.York
New York
Danbury
Danbury
are a!h; 0 ~~!i~ste used by the finishing shops ana complete hat shops
•
Hat bodies in the rough
Silk he. t banda
Silk braids. and cords
SWeat banae
Sizing
Fur
Reeds
Blocks
Paper Boxes
i!!,f~!~.·\:~::• and
Dyes
tips
!few York
�Only about to% of the fur used is from domestic rabbite,
this beifll!' of an inferior character. Yost of the fur used ia from
the skins of Australian rabbits imported into this country via
flew York .
uud by ih! h!:t:!~!~!~u;~r~ !~e t~~~d!~::ti~a~!!b~~, t~: :!i~riale
as the machines on lll'hicb the work is done. A large part of the fur
used by the hat makers is also purchased by them from the local
fur outters . Over two million pounds of :fur a re consumed annually
1
0
8
~~u~:: ~t p~~~h:s~{ f:n~~~~;~ ~~~u;.!!i!d~; ~~~:P: ~u~~~~;~ ~n
0
0
the New York market .
Allied induetriee
As previously stated the location in Danbury of industr ies
h!~:ui;n~ft~!s~~~~~~a ~~d t;:t:~;~;:euaa!~ !~v!~~P=~r~~t~~= ~;t
industry
in this city.
These allied industries can be grouped as follows :
Furs and cutting
blowing and oleanin.ct of tur ,
No , feplOYed,
P . Young Sene Co , ,
o. Suaintsky
3
American Hatters & Furriers Co , 325
Peck Fur Co .,
125
Asher Papiah
10
~utual Ptu- Cuttin!ll' Co .,
18
Hat !l.achinecy and Tools
Doran Bros .
Mo r loch lt.achinery \Yorke
~~n~ ~~t1~· f:o . ,
0
14
5
10
100
Paper and Fibre Boxes and Ca•es
Isaa c Armatrong & Co, ,
~~~L~~~~~ Box Co . ,
Hine Box & Printing Co, ,
John tletd
Wooden Packing Cases
Isaac Armstrong & Co, ,
Clark Box Co. ,
~~~~ ~~d' Printlrl(l: Co. ,
Sweat Banda or Hat Leathers
D. Decker & Eon
A. P. Hayward
~
~ . F. Strine
George A. Xinneer
Gao , J . B. Sherman
D, Decker & ~on
29
30
100
.,
•
�•
fl oodeD Blocks
c . 1 . Yooha
1\lraer J:&ohi.ne Co .,
'l'u.be
a.
Kettlea (wood)
1 . H. Blrrro
~
Gb111 II Shellac
Conneoti.cut Glue Co .,
.
28
~
Sol-nta Re ooTtlrJ Co . ,
Silk Hat Banda , Brat de & Corda
I •per ial Silk lliorka
'l'weed7 Bilk Mille
42
110
~
P. J. , Hull II Co .,
tlanbvJ Hardnr e Co .,
10
10
Stare (card board)
BiD& "Box • PriDtiJ18 Co ,,
:he hta1lel a tu4)' of theu all11!1! Unaa of illdutZ'J' ie
taken u p under tbe ftrioua chapter grov..p1D.g8 to which they be ~
10ft8,
the b&1 1ndutr:r of Danb11r7 1e dir ectly r . . pouible
f or t.he deTelop!MIDt of the . . allied linea of 1nd.uatey , but thei r
eehhbl!ah!twlnt her e uy ruult i n the denlop~Mnt of other
bnnohe of illduatrt . Por n:aarle the two eilt aUla making hat
banh ban demonatrahd that silk ribbon c an be aanu:faotued
!!:f;!•!!f.~~t~:'h!r:n:_;:~~~a ~~~::~!i~o!~~ :~:-~.; i!,:!!~.
1
•
:here are about 20 barrels of alCohol u e d 4&117 for
ou"ttiq ehellao in the bat shops.
Gas ill 1l9ed to & large n:ient bJ the l!s.t lll&nu:tachrere
t or lroZI.ing . alagl~ and heaUna: ehelle . 'l:he hat plenta alto-
ru:~•!n:::h3i~~;~~oe o~~!ir t::~e
a:. ~:w'::r;~,
:::- t:!.:::: . eon-
Moot ot the ehellao Ullad 1n the h&t 1nduetey 1a imported
from India . nr7 little at the local proluct belna: ueed . Moat
o! the tlbre hat red.• to lll8et the daunde at bat manufacture us
~~~~d 4~. ~~!:~~ :l!t~UC :Pt1~h~~~:rr::~:1:;:d~de
ia
Hat leather& or neat balds are •nufBotured here to a
conaldera ble eztent but the !llOI!It of th• av.pplJ ia :purohaaei in
lfew Yor k. It woa.ld ar,aear that tble itld'Cllltry..aight be t.lrtber expanded .
•
Ot tbe an1llna 4:Jea uaad in hatmMUactv.re . black ie v.ud
in the larges t Quanti tiee. Before the war Ge rn~an dyes were Ulled
e1olue1TelJ . but einoe the war the hat meutac turere baTe been
co11pelle4 to ue Aaarican •de 4)"ee in 1ncreae tng amounts and the
black d7e atutta made in th1a ooantr, AOW appear to · meet thll
demaD4 . thoqh there 1a auoh d1ft1oultJ 7et ezrer tenoed 1D
eeourins eolore and pr1oee a r e T8r J bte:h .
�•
The percentages o! me.teriala of various kinds whioh local hat
manufacturers purchase in Danbury are as followa:
Other oitln
Danbun
Shellac
Reeds
'• Urea
Sweat Banda
Dyes
Hat 'Blocks
Glue
Fur
~~
0
1~
0
10~
··~
1~
0
1~
·~
so%
50~
Fu.lly f4 . 00o . ooo worth of fur was uae.d by hat manufsoturare
in Danbury in 1916 und over t5oo.ooo wo r th of aniline d.yn.
The hat plante of Danbury purchased the entire production
of the two silk hat band mille in Danbury and a large ed!Htional
amount of banda from Fatcrson,N.J.
•
In the mazm!acture of hats, the following nam!'ld r:~achine:ry is
is used:
Fur Choppers
l!'Ur Grinders
Crown :Pouncere
Dag Tearning !lachine&
Snip Feeders
l3lowere
Fox loli:xere
Shaving Yaobinee
l'rintinp; :Presses
Fur Feeders
Fn.r Hat Formers
Spray Formere
Shere
Body Rou.ndera
Whi:r:zers
Second Sizera
Lathes
Brush Brim Pouncera.
Thaee mechinea are all made in Danbury by several m&chlne:ry
plants, which is of great advantage to the hat 111Bnu!:aoturera as
rspaire ars readil;y anilable ,
All the onrhead coste of hat lll&nu.facture are low in Danbur;y .
'l'ax aeeeesmenta an pe.rtioularl;y favorable , beinp; aeeeeead
at t '.lt'O thirdl!l valuation and the total tax rate is i2 •.75 per$100,
•
Marketing the product .
New York Cit;y 1& the bat market of the country.
abip;!~ 1 fo 7 ~w 0 io;~e f~:X af:~;i~!~o: ~:r;~g:h:h~nj;:~.::a~~: !~~le-
8
aalere or sold direct to the large retailers o.t:_ that city.
!i'or this reason the advantage of being within easy access to thie
market is a decided advantage to the Danbury hat manufacturer,
•
Many of the local manufacturers have offices in Jiew York as
follows:
14 Waverly Place,
D. E . Loewe ,
285 llaroer S.t . ,
A, Sbelton Davenport,
11 Waverl7 Race
P,D . '!'weedy & Co . ,
.234 Fifth Ave,,
~ . A . K&llory & Sons
27 West 4th St,,
Delohery Hat Co. ,
21 lfashington Place
John lf . Green & Sons
Von Gal Hat Co,,
1178 Broad•a1
739 Broadway
The Bates Company
46 Weet 4th ~t.,
llurlilphy- Gorman Co . ,
5 Waverly Place
The Danbur7 Co. ,
1161
Broadway
Hill & Loper Co,,
17 Washington Place ,
li', H, Lee Co. ,
�•
Daniele & Trimpet eell all their products from their Danbury
office .
D, E. Lon·e, Y.A. &: J.C. Be1talre Co., A, Shelton Davenport ,
Rill & Loper Co . , F, D. Tweedy & Co . , E. A, Mallory & Sons , and F .
H. Lee Co ., employ road salee:nen and sell to the general trade,
The Diamobd Hat Co , , sells largely to jobbers ,
.Several ot the Danbury hat ms.nufacturere are exteneiTe ad vertieere and their ads . haTe been noted in trade journals as
follows:
F, H. Lee Company
H. Me Lachlan & Co . ,
S . A, G, Hat Co, ,
George lie Lachlan
D,E, Loewe Co .,
Hill &: Loper Co,,
•
0
~~~~m:~a G~!!ZI ~ ' Sons .
hat ~n;~~~:Y ~rD~~::;rf~ 1 :~e t~d!:;tf:~~~8~f 4ri:!~~r,8~t~:rw!~8made
1
8
still more extensive and prominent ,
Throughout the country the word Danbury in connection with hats
means high quality and this prestige and prominence to the name
De.nbur;y muet have a large selling value to svsr;y local hat manufacturer .
The more this name can be strengthened in the general hat trade
the better for Danbury manufacturers.
of
Even such large retailers as Cotrell 1: Leonard
Albany, who
have bate manufaoturered with their t r ade name , are proud to state
in their advert1eing that their bats are made in Danbury ,
Cooperatt ...e advertising such as is being done b;y the St , Louie
hatters and sboWll on an accompanyill8 pSf!:e mi ght be to the advantage
ot looal hattera in gi.,.iDg prominence to the name DaDbury.
of
•
Comment is made regardi ng the decrease i n production
stiff
hats and the increase in the sales of soft hate , The reasoh for this
0
The
autoiste .
mn:ti: iged~r=r~h ft:a:~i~~p!h~ a:;h~Dfe e~;:·
!~f6:~:ii~
~=a
commonly worn by
The handsome shapes and styles in whioh soft hate have been produced
have take n the fanoy of men , which accounts for their increasing ealee .
The stiff hat i s however the distinctively dreeey hat and its use
will continue normally with the possibility of its return at ti~DSs
to much of i tB former vogue .
now s;;!;t~i~ie cg~~;i !~~!~
~il~f 7f~e o:oi~t hat
output. of Danbury, but
Power Donditione.
'lhile near11 every hat plant in Danbur1 usee electricity to eo:ne
extent for pO'It'sr, the industrial processes of hat making require
the uee of live stea:n , and fo r this reason moat of the hat shops have
eteam plants and some oftbe:~~ operate entirely by steam ,
•
hig~O~!~!:t r~~=~llO;h;2~!~hp:~i;~II0 ~n C~~~l i~O DaD!:~:~y0[a r:;!:~h:~:
a handicap to the induatry .
of
�2~ o
•
This cac be understood whee it is realhed that eo:ne of the
bat plante use a9 !Web a9 6 , 000 , 3 , 000 , 2 , 000, and l , OOO tans at
coal per year.
The po.,..er
require~~tenta of
the hat plants are ae fallon :
Steam h . p .
F. H. Lee Co , ,
John ii . Gr een &: Soc a
E. A, Unllory &: Sons
D. E . Loewe
•
::i~:i :if · ~;~ing Co . ,
Balrd-Ucteldt Co ,
Hoyt-Messenger Co ,,
B. Me Iaohlan & Co ,,
M. A . & J,C, Beltaire
Diamond Hat Co. ,
A, S . Davenport
N. Barch! Co ,,
C. M. Horeb
Delohery Hnt Co .,
Von Gal Hat Co .,
~~p~y g:~~~. ~0 ••
Simoc & Keane
:!:!r
c~~~~o .,
Berman ..'altber
.
Haitch & Co .,
Ctaff Hat Co .,
ColWDbia Hat Co .,
Gao , Me Lachlan
Short Hat Co, ,
P, D, 'llweedy & Co .,
Ne71 England B.o.t Co. ,
Danbury Co .,
c . J . Horeb
1350
100
850
100
75
300
100
375
250
250
20
20
10
50
300
125
90
90
150
225
150
Electr ic h . p.
(J.Iake their own l
50
200
10
35
125
50
40
40
50
10
10
10
.
45
35
72
95
2
15
6
125
9
Traffic Condi tiona •
The slowness of freight delivery service over the New York &
New Haven railroad system ie more or lees a handicap on the hat
indus try of Danbury .
This delay results in much shipment of hate hy express that
should be 1!18.de by freight .
However a oonaiderable bulk of the hat production of Danbury
is shipped out by express anyway end the express s ervice is fully
as important to the bat interests as the f r eight service ,
During tbe last months of 1916 there was an average shipment
of bate by express from Danbury of 900 cases per day.
..
The lese than car load (l . c ,l , ) or package freight service
from Danbury in lese proeperoua periods is excellent there being
35 "pBCkage" freight care out of Danbury daily .
Suppoudly a "package" freight car leaves Danbury every night
for deli very of contents in lie1!' York the next morning , Il:l fact
however congestion at the Barl&!ll River yards hold.e up the.ee cera
and the freight is thereby delayed in delivery eaveral da;ye .
�KANUPACTURING COSTS
•
•
In an e:t:tort to learn the oomparattn ocate o:t hat
1
;;~:!:~!r!~f~t:~ : : : ; ; . t~1i!:!1:~i:~ire!a;: !nr:.w
York.
it wae neceaaary to study to some exhnt the detail e o:t
hat manu:tac t urt.ng costa using aa a ba aia ecllla epeci:tic grade
o:t hat and some apeci:tic plant capaci ty.
The accompanying table o:t coeta 1a an eatiJDBta obtained
through data supplied :trom aeTeral sources , The mixtures o:t
:ture Tary ao graatlr at U:t:terent plants that the total coats
at one plant would yarr conetd.erably from the total ooeta o:t
any other plant o:t the same quantitr capacity, and theae
:tiguree must only be coneid.ered aa an eatimate and a means
:tor securing oompariacna, The :tigurea g1Ten do not include
OTerbead, s elling coets, clerical and exec utiTB :terce, rentals
or interest on real eatata, depreciation or rep& ira and with
these added it oan be seen that the m.rgin o:t pro:tit on a
dcsan hats at present m.nu:taoturing coste iB Terr emall, i:t any.
It cannot be learned that there ia anr material difference in
ooets in an;v c:t the :tour citiea mentioned,
The union labor scale preTails in all these places and
the price o:t :tur ie practically the aame, and also o:t the
other materiale used . Danbury appears somewhat at a di sw
adTantage on freight and express rates,
Prom Philadelphia, Dew DaTen, Yonkere and Pall BiTar the
rate a to flew York are lower than :trom Danbury, as can be
seen by the acoompanring table. This ill beoauee t heae toYf'nB
haTe water ratee which haTe a tendency to loYf'er rail ratea.
The competition between expreu oompaniu in Philadelphia
baa had a tendeno7 to lower expreaa rates :trom that oitr .
A. nWDber o:t motor exprees linea between Bewari: and New
York h&Te had the e:t:tect o:t lowering expreaa and freight ratee
:trom that oitr.
•
These loYf'er a:~:preee and freight rates in other o1t1ea do
not make a large enough t otal item o:t coat to the hat manu:taotuerera however to giTe these cities any particular advantage
over Danburj' , and thaT are Zllor e than o:t:taet by the lower oyerhead ooata that prna1l in Danburr •
COST OP RAT MABUPADTllRE IN DA.BBURY
Estimated on the baaa o:t a hat plant employing 300
persona and having a production o:t 200 dosen per day U;o,ooo)
do zane per year l the estimate baing baaed on a production o:t
complete eo :tt hate Belling at t l8. 00 per doun wholesale under
normal oondi tion e,
Labor
Power
Pur ~
"
•
- 300 pereone (280 daye1
$260,000
and fuel - steam plantwpublio aerT1ca
8,000
91,500 lba, !CBK 0 t3.00 lb .
274,500
27,600 " Shor,t 0 40( "
11,000
18,600 " blown 0 1 . 00 "
18,500
Silk banda · 50,000 dos, lt 1.26 per doa.
62,600
Leathera
50,000 " " 1.60 "
"
75,000
Rea de
60,000 " " , 16 "
e,ooo
Paper boxes 50,000 " " .36 "
17,600
Shellac
26,000 lbe." .39 per lb.
9,750
»rae
300,000 oz. " 1 . 50 "
"
28,125
Alcohol
7,500 gal,a-0 60r/ gal .
4,500
Caaee
1 6,666 oaau o 46r/ & 1.00
11,900
�BOI IU.!fY RABBITS nt A RA.T?
•
Ae fur felt hate are made allaoat entirelJ from rabbit. fur,
the question natural17 ariaee ae to how llllny rabbita it talr:n to
make a hat.
The anawer ill: .. Three and eight;r tw-o-one hundratha rabbita •
.About one third of the flU' uaed in 110at hats oo•n from
the baclr:a of Auatrauan rabbita, Two third e of the fur uaed in
hat manutaotura ia knc1rn aa B. C.B.K . which meane, "Beat coney
backa" and the .. come largely from Prance. the oony or coney bai ng the Rur opean rabbit. But the one third Auatrauan rabbit fur
!a a large 1 tam, when the total oonetllllption ie ooneidered and the
quaation haa b .. n oonaiderecl eeriouely ae t o whether rabblte of
•
the J.uetrallan Tartaty could be brad in thia oountry on a oommerctal acale at a profit for their fur bearing n.l ua in the &he
way that foxae are baing brad now oomaroi&ll7 for th eir fur ,
'l'ha United Statee GoYarnment A.grioUlturel Department haa
inTeatigatad thla eubjaot to acme e.dant and bee made a report
which would indicate that auob a field of induatry would not be
profitable.
Since the beginning of the Equopaan war the price of all
fur baa ate&Ul:r riaan until now the Ameriaan hat manuh.oturara are
oonfloonta• With the naoaaai ty of largalf incraaeing the eel ling
•
price of bah or of abutting down their plants •
The high prtou of fur do not naousa rily mean that there
18 a fill' fa lll!na or a Tery gl"aat flU' shortage. The inoraaatng pricae
are due to the high ocate of transportation and the large diff1oult1n and rialr:a 1DT01Tad .
Beat cony baclr:a that ware ulling in September 1916 at tl.66
pu pound h&d in Karch 1917 riaan to $4 . 50 per poun4 .
The dwindling far izaportattona are 1nd1cated by the gourn ..
IDI!Int re corda. Tbeea abow oonetantly daoraaetng quant1t7 1zaportatton
for the paet year throuah lnoreaetng Y&luaUon of fura baa at the
•
B&ate u .. apparant17 kept up the totals eo far a a value 1e oonoarnecl •
�Dealing in fura 1e a Ter;y important buaineu in !few York.
•
'l'he trade ta largely centralised in the wboleule eeotlon in
the Tioinity of l'aehington Square. One feature 1e the Hatters
lur E:l:ohanga at 23 Washington Place.
The A.uatralian rabbit 1e of the aama apeoin to which all
domntio&ted rabbit& belong, (Oryotolague ounioulua). Ita intro ..
d1113tion into the United Statee ae a Wild animal might proTe a die·
aatroa.a experiment ae far ae farmers are concerned, but there are
domeatioated braeda of rabbits which produce eTan better fur.
Ae to the usa of rabbit fur for hat manufacture, eTen tha
wild rabbits nattn to th i a country are contributing. A. fur bUfar
•
in Baltimore handles about atxt y tboueand pounde of ekine annuall;y
and ia now pa;ying twenty oente a pound for tbam. Thia 1e leu than
two oanta par akin , but doubel the price pa14 before the war. It
oan readily be a. . n that the raieing of rabbi te for h&ttere' ftll'
woUld not be a profitabl e buaineea.
llore ai:tne of rabbite ere aolleotad and aold annuall7 than
of all ather fur &nilllllla oolltbined, Before the present war , Great
Britain i11ported aaoh year fl'o111 70,000,000 to 90,000,000 ekine,
While the bollia production added 30.000,000 more. The imported
supply oaaa from AWitraUa and the nearer European oountriea. !'ranee,
Belgium, Germany, the United States, aDd other countriea alao uae
•
large quiiJ1tt ttea of tbt. fur , The bUli: of it ie eold in bale a,
br inging from 10 oanta to 50 oente per pound , dependent on oolor
and quality, The better olaea of ai:ios aell by the dosen, bringing
f rom 50 oenh to t1, that ia, lese than 10 oente e&oh,
Baled rabbit furs ara bought largely for felting purpoeee,
the fur being ll'l&da into cloth or ooarae bate, while the alr:ine ere
utilised for manQ:faoturtng glue, line hate are made of nutria
(the fur of the South Amerioan ooypu) or of nutria and rabbit fur
mixed, The fur of the oommon wild rabbits of J.merioa doe a not felt
well and 1e in alight demand , 1fhole skins of theee antmalt aeUo11
•
aall for more than 1 or 2 cents e~oh,
The batter kind a of rabbit ekins are used for making fur
g&rmeote, Wbioh, when mada up, are oommonly sold as " oony", but
�•
often under other trade name a. White alr:ine are made up in
1m1 tat ion of arotio fox, or sheared in imitation of ermine. Gray
rabbits are dyad brown or black and become "Baltic black fox"
or "Baltic brown fox"; eeal- d;yed, they become " inland 111!1&1,"
Elaotrlo aeal," "ooaat aaal," or "near- aeal," Reputable furriara
&YOid auob namae, or, if tha;y use them, frankl:J erplain that the
goode are oon;y or rabbit, Thaaa ge.raanta, While handsome and
oo!ll!ortable, ha·n
little dur&billt;y and a re therefore cheap .
s-iate1118nh to the effect that certain breed• of rabbits
produce pelte of high market 'Y<t.& era unwarranted, 'l'ha long-haired
breeda , euoh aa the .ln!ora and the Siberian {both white &nilll!lle)
•
have poor pal te and the haire are not wall eet in the Ulna, Tba
abort-haired T&r1at1ee a r e muoh &like aa to s tre ngth of pelts, but
n.r7 oonsiderablJ in color, The English black-and-white baa atriking
colora that might appeal to the fano7 of individMl wearera of fur
garmenta, but the7 are not popular in the fur trade , Skins of piebald r abbits of &nJ ahad aall for len than those of aolid oolora.
1'hare 1e &leo a dU'ferenoe in qual1t7 of
:rur
between hutoh rabbit&
and those kept in the open, the latter haYing the better pelta .
Besides suggarated statements as to value of fur, adYBrtiaemante of fur rabbits oonbi n tota117 !alee Olaima as to the
origin of ani•le offered for sale , 'rhia praottoe is not a new one,
•
for about 60 :rears ago, when the now wall known HimalaJ&n rabbit
wae firet bred in England, the statement that it originated in
the Himala;yan lrlountstna was belieYSd b7 a fallow of the Zoologioal
Soo1et7 of London, who daeoribed and figured the animal in the
IIOOietJ's Journal as a new speoies, Rabbits reoentl7 advertised aa
fur animals are &aid to have been iraportad d1raot17 from Siberia
in one inetanoe, and from lloll8olia in another. 1'he further statement
that the ant•le aziet in theaa oountriea in a W:lld state 1a ad Y&noed, Aa a matter of :taot well lr:nown to natnralista no wild rabbita
ooour in either oountr7 and the few apeoin o:t hares found there are
•
8!Dilll gray an.!Mle that turn white in Winter , 'l'ha support o:t the
f!nanotal teat1•on7 o! an unbown naturalist who ola!ma to have re-
�•
aided in Siberia and to have observed the animals in the wild
state doea not help the oaee,
So far aa the "blaok Siberian hare" ie conoernad, any
axperienud. breeder o:! rabbi t a oan readily identity the
ant~~ala
at first eight , They are undoubtedl;y the oorrm~on European rabbit
of the l'lemtah gia nt breed. In thie variety bl&olt i e a oonat ant-
ll" raoUl'ring oolor and aometlmea appeare among littera of the
purest brad. a t r ain. 'l'heae bl.aoi: 1nd1 Tiduah are uau&lly regarded
by fanoiera aa undaalrabla and are diaoardd.• H01JeTer, if the
blaot atoolr: be ohoeen for reproduction , a blaok etr&in of J'l amiah
g i anta 1a obtained in whioh bluieh gray individuala recur from t1111a
•
to time, aa &aTaral br eeders in the United 'tatea have proved ,
Suoh a atrain of Plemiab giant a 111 now offered ae a na• epaoiee
import ed 41reotly !rom Siberia, a oountryw1thout rabbi til unlua
carried there aa domestic ani~~~als .
It ia no t t o be inferred, h011'ever , that blaoi:: Plemish
giant rabb i ta hava no f ur value . On the oontrar,-, owing to their
great aize and solid oolor, the alrins Will probably aell for mora
than those of moat other breade .
J.ll known breada of domntic rabbit a belong to a single
apao i ea , the European r abbit, whethe r they are known ae Belgian
hare , Plem18h giant, Siberian, Biulayan, Dutoh , Japanese, Kat -
•
G&i, or any other Mille, alld. the atte11pt to p&l!l an:y of them upon
the public aa a new apeo1ee import ed f rom a portion of the world
not i nhabite d b:y rabbits i s who lly unwarranted and to be enerl y
oon4eiDDe4 •
•
�•
Fol'lllerl;y the r ail r oad permitted the packing of bah in crates
!~~~!:! ~~e~:e:~ ::~g~i~P~~ i~:l P~~i!~: ~:~f~e t~h: 0 ;~ght
pack ha te in c r ates shou ld be restored.
to
The reasons for the slowness of freight service and suggestions
relating to same are covered i n the t r affic chapter of tbie
Survey .
The complaints are generalltl in the hat industry and the need
of finding acme remedy to e:dstillF conditione is apparent .
The qu.stion of :treight and express rate s on hats 1e one
~;ri~~~~~~!a~!r~~!a t:!t f!!~~;!~~~~a~~1~ra 0 !1~r 0 ~e r:;e~ni~r!!;.
The rates given are per 100 pounds.
~
•
•
•
Fall River
Yonke r s
New Rs.ven
Philadelphia
Danbury
New Britain
Hartford
Williamsport ,Pa .
lfaebus , li . H.
Buffalo
Culllbe r land,Y:d ,
Wheeling , W.Va.
Sprill8f1eld , Maee .
Toledo
Baltimore
Chicago
St . Louie
1 . 00
. 75
.57
·"
• 75
. 70
1.40
' 1 . 00
1 , 40
1 . 50
1 . 70
1 . 00
2. 15
1 . 00
2 . 40
2,60
Freight
w~
. 07
. 147
......
...
...
...·"
. 15
.19
.30
. 368
. 38
.413
. 473
. 61
.922
'l'he possibilities for a central ware house system euch
as hae been eucoesefully adopted by the fUrniture marru.fecturere
at Grand Rapids, Uioh . might be wo rth considering . By combin1D8
their shipments to eeoure car load rates the e e manufacturers have
g reatly lowered their freight delivery coste and are able to
eeoure quicker delivery than through l . o . l . shipment& ~tnd l . c . l .
shipments sre greatly fao1l1tated •
one of the grest neede of t he hat industry in Danbury
is a first cl!t.ee textile and ha t dyeing works . Such an
eetabliehment would do dyeing for the hat m:muf'lc turel"e
cheaper and better t h£\n t hey c 'ln do it themselves .
�•
•
S'rA~llf
•
•
~Uli'ACTIJRE
ON THE
OF WOOL AliD HtE FEI!r HATS ,
COLIPARATIVE Sutz.IAR'!; 1 909 and 1914 .
tl . S.C OilEI 'llB
\'loo l - fel t .
bate .
Dumber of e stab liahmante
,
Persona engage d i n manufactures ••
Proprietors and firm members , ,
Salaried ecployeea . . . .• . ..• . . •
Wage ea:rnera (average I!Olllber l
P ri mary horsepower ••.••.. . . . • . . . •
Cap i tal ... . .. .. ... . . . .. .... . ... . .
Services • •• • • •• • ••• .• •• •• •• •... ,
Salaries •. , . ,, . , . • , .• , . , • . , •• . •
wages • • • •• • ••• •• • • • • • • • • •••• • · •
Jda t erials, . . . •• , . .• . • . •• •• • • • • , • •
Value of prolll.ota • . . •• • • ••• ••••• •
Fur - felt
bats.
...
Per cen t of
increase ( l )
Tot a l.'
1909
254 •
304
24,304 •
29 , 128
"'
22 , 982
163
201 •
aoo
85
1 , f49
3 , 091
2,908,839
747 , l3l
147 , 553
699,578
978,339
1, 944 , 484
1 , 461
21, 318
•
20 , 851
. $ 39 , 401 , 429
14 , 000 , 263
1 ,929 , 451
12,070,81.2
16,947 , 068
37 , 349 , 74-4
1, 636 :
1, 86B
~: ~~.
~ ; ~~
966,145
20 , 402 , 686
1 ,372
$
$
1914
.:$
42,01 0 , 268
$ 58 , 209 , 342
1 9_0~-19 14 .
- l6 . 4
- 16 . 6
- 33 . 0
- l7 . 8
-16 . 6
l O. O
'·'
: 11 : ~~ : ~~
i; : ~~~: :~ : i:: ~~ : ~!
39 , 294 , 228 • 52 , 247 , 041
- 1 5. 4
- 6. 5
- 16 . 7
- 27 . 1
- 24 . 8
21, 368 , 831 : 27 , 665, 547
- 22 . 8
1~: 6~~: ~:
Value added by nenufaoture
(value of products l ea s ooa t
of mate:riala) • • . •• •. • •••.• •
(1 ) A minus sign ( - ) denotes a decrease .
"'"'
�.. The "TOP-LINER"
•
ANOTHE R of OUR
UNIQUE DESIGNS
Made in our Surpassing Light-weight Felt
•
D. E. LOEWE & CO.
14 Waverly Place
New York
Factory: Danbury, Conn-
•
Sold at
17 WASHINGTON PLACE
NEW YORK CITY
Made at
Danbury
Conn.
�H. McLachlan
&Co.
Hats in the
..
Rough
Rowan Street
S. A. G.
Hat Co.
•
Hats in the
Rough
Taylor Street
BOTH FACTORIES UNDER THE EXCLUS IVE
PERSONAL MANAG EM ENT AND CONTROL OF
HARRY McLACHLAN
Th e high Standard of Quality established with this business has been
maintained ever since.
•
" They are started right with good materials."
GEORGE
MO LACHLAJ~
D A.J."BURY, C O NN.
•
...
�.
N ew styles for immediate delivery,
and for early Spring.
An insurance policy in each hat
insures your customers satisfaction
ora new hat.
Write for a man or prepaid samples.
""-Fiiii\::!!"
SOFT-$24.00- STIPF
COTRELL all. L EONARD
n.-t..,o•-.IHos/'"',1'
ALBANY, N.Y.
D"-NilURY, CONN •
•
ou,I~~~~?~~·e,~ne:: ~;;~~:;e~o ~~~e;;;~;!;,~:~e,h~;a~ak~: ~~~~~~;;~~;~
ment-its experience--itt ceonomie-itastandards-its pride in its product.
The principles incorporated into the policy of thi.! houte when finn fou nded and
ever since steadfastly maintained, are absolute honesty in manufacture, with full
value alwaya.
•
Efficien t &nice is the keynote of our policy--and our manufncturing organization
is ready to "make good" at all ti me&.
The reputation of Hi-l..o Felt and Howard Hats is firmly established and will be
firmly upheld.
THE HILL and LOPER CO.
NEW YORK SALES ROOM: 1161 Broadw11.y
..
JOHN W. GREEN & SONS
NEW YORK SillSROOM:
Zl
WASHL~CTON
PLACE
FACTORY: O,.nbury, Conn.
�Soft Hat Bodies in the Rough
Ready to Finish
In All Colors
Fine and Medium
Qualities
FULL VALUES and PR OMPT SERVICE
COLUMBIA HAT CO.
DANBURY, CONN .
•
•
.
�.
SAINT LOUIS HATS
Are Business
Winners
Keeping Up
the Quality
and
Delivering
the Goods
•
Is the policy that
has given this great
Western ma rket the
greatest yea r in all
its history.
Apple Hat Co.
Rothschild Bros. Hat Co.
1111 · 1113Wuhlntlont.•e.
•
Gauss-Langenberg Hat Co.
Shelton Panama Hat Co.
T ""'lfthand S t.CharldSt o .
Harris-Polk Hat Co.
lll1· 1l:lll
Sloan-Force Hat Co.
W~ohlnato nA• e.
White-Branch-Shelton Hat Co.
•
�;; oo
•
THE !'UR INDUSTRY •
13ocause fur is tbe chie f material 1n fe lt hat manufacture ,
the prsparatio n of fur for the use of the hat factories has
developed into a very important industry i n Danbury ranking next
etc bats in l'&lue of annual production.
There are seven establishment s in this group employing 507
persona /of which 163 are females) and paying out ~13 , 200 annually
in wages .
had a ~~~:!o~~;:n ~si;~i1~~~:~s 8 ~~~~~::00~o~~~~ts of $746 ,ooo and
Thue ostablisb~~~ents altogether occupy 181 , 000 square feet
of floor apace and require 1190 primary horse power .
•
&
The largest of these plants is that of thfl Amer ican Batters
?urriere co . ' which bas an annual pay roll of nearly ezoo ,ooo •
These e stabliohmenta and the number of pereons employed in
each are as follows:
American Batters
&
Furriers co .,
Peck P'ur Company
Uutual Fur Cutting co . ,
:p , Young Sons Co. ,
Ash"r Pap i sh
'Nillia. Beokerle
D. susintsky
325
125
20
18
10
6
3
While these establishments have grown up in Danbury as a subde't'elopment of the hat industry , their preseno• here 1a a 't'&luabl e
asset to the bat industry , mll.king raw material readily anilable at
a l ower cost than would be the case ih COIIICiunities where the l!lallUfaoturers IIIUBt have their fur supply shipped ent irely from New York.
There is probably 2 , 000 , 000 pounds of fur used annually by
the hat make r s of Danbury a.nd about half of this or 1 , 000 , 000
po unds is supplied by the local fur establishments .
•
The fur used for hat manufacture comes largely from imported
rabbit skins , though imported bare and nutra are used to some extent
as well as domestic muskrat and beaver . The hair of the domestic
rabbit is only used in amall quantities as it is ln!erior in quality.
Uoat of the r abbit hair Ufled comes from Australia, the akins being
imported to new York and shipped from there to Danbury by freight .
Most of the fur establishments out the fur from theae skins on
special machinery and prep&re the hai r by a thorough cleaning and
bloWin8 proceas for the hatter ' s use.
Three of the establishments however , p . Youngs Sons co .,
wm. Beckerle , and D. Susintski , specialize in reclaiain8, cleaning
and preparing fur clippinas so~m~ being purchased from the hat Bhops
and fur shops .
•
There is more or le ss local market 1n Danbury for domestic
rabb it skins and n ea r - by farmer boys oan earn a little extra money
in the fall and winter months through rabbit hunting .
The hatters fur establishments find a 't'aluable hi-product
of th•ir industry in the skins o:! the rabbits . These skina are so out
into shreds in the prooe ea of taking off the hair that their only
use 1e 1n maki ng glue and Bhellae•·
�•
of thi:•~~·=~•:!.,
0
!-~.;~~~i~!d"":;•t:!
tr n::~=~. beo'*ue
Part a of 'tbe rabbit 8);1ne. notabJ..r the talle. aleo han a
.arlcet for tulle ln fert111aer pl.nnte.
tabor ln the hatton fur iDduetr1 s.a wall pll14t~h• IHD reoehi.Ds
f~mt~;:~a~:bii:~n~:ro;!:!t~u t~: 111 :o:~ 11on9~0 g6 t~o~a.oo.
week
&Ohedole.
Some of the -.oh!Mey u&ed in tbe fur eatabltahalnta H(lulree
a ooMlderable amoUDt of power for operation. the ,_rloan Batton
6 i''Ol'rlen Co o ,lla\'lft8 alto~tber po'oftlr equlpmqt smWlttna to DeiU'lJ'
600 horae ponr . thla inalu4ea a 400 boree power .team plant , 90
borN power dorln4 from water Wheele all4 90 bor" pOIIt'er alaotrloo
fha water power of thta oolll)aa.y le the onl7 one of ~ ahe on the
Btlll Rl•n •
•
Deok Pur Ooo • baa a 150 horse powor elaotrlo eQ.ulp•Dt and
~he
? . !OUJ26 So• oo.
1
a 126 born pnor ateac plaat •
ftllo the hatters ftzr tnc1uatry of l)l.tlbur; bas
::.:i:; ~;:!:
1
al.reod~
:gP:!'!::Sar':•r:r~l;o.~e:o,:a-'if ;!u1":0appe::'to
t. a daeiroble lndoe'teyo
.&a
fallJ half tho ho.lr need b;r the looal hat ehope la purohAoe4
0
:::U4:. ~::Z0{o ~0:::: ~=~~u~e::ru:•:o: !tnJO~\tmlneae.
1
t._ ....
'the raleiD.g of iutral.lan ha:rea 1n
118Dner thu.t fozea,
elt'a:rlk11 and othe1' ans-J.e ua now belDB ra1ae4 for thla fn:r of'f'ore
po .. Uillltlaa .
CABLE ADDRESS: FURFACTOR, DANBURY, CONN.
CODES , .... I:I.C. 5th EDITION, WF.STF.RN UNION
BRANCHES' PARIS, LONDON, LEIPZIG.
•
'A~TORIU•
oooh'J: :Ot-1"'
�•
•
•
�JUJ
•
LEJ.'l'HER GOODS IllDDS'l'RY
Conllidering the extent of leather and leath er goods manufu.otured
in Hew England , it would sum possible that Danbur;y might seoure some
share
in
the
deTelopt~~~~nt
of this industry.
This 1a particularly true of shoe manufacture 1n wbioh Uew
Ensland hade.
There are ten ahoe manufacturing plants in Conneotlout and
464 in l!aesauohnaeth and yet Danburr baa not a aing:le estab l iahaen11
of tbia kind .
Outside of the shoe industry there an 18 plant. ill Connaotiout
IIWtufaoturlng leather goods and excepting the Shepard twmer.r at
:Bethd and the neat band eatabliahraents of Danburr, there c.re no
plants located hera making an.r of the large Tariety of leather goods
that :Und such read;v market in llew York City.
The tann&ry of G· A. Shepard Sons &: co . , at Bethel is an
•
establishment of considerable importance employing 90 men and havtng
a production of over $500 , 000 &nnuaJ.ly •
'rhe manufacturers of sweat bands in Danbur7 are as follows;
D. Deckn &: Sen
Isaac Arm&trona
Clark Box Co . ,
A.. F. Hayward.
&
co. ,
All of these are ene;aged in other lines of manufacture but their
sweat band departments altogether emplo7 27 persona and P&T out onr
7
f;ct~~oo.m~U:~l;I !:e:•s;~ .~g ~!=~~ ~weat bands for the local hattera
w. c. :Peffers, tha harness maker is also included in the leather
produota group of induetriu although emplo7ing onl7 three men.
About 40 per cent of t he leather used by the local sweat band
maltua is supplied by tbe Shepard tannery.
•
This tannery alao apecializea in leather for tra.. llng bags and
!~; i:!:t::a:~:e~e;:n;~u~~P::r t!::!a~ ~! ::Umo~e ·:~ ~~ 8 ~~~:;r•r
0
whore he could be near the suppl7 of raw material as well as close
to the Hew York salea market.
The Shepard t!lllllery usee as material, split aheep skiD& which are
imported from New Zealand and &hipped here from llew York.
theye=~:,:-:~:i:: 1;o~~ h:":.:::i~!l:i!:~u;::i::n f!~e~!:~Y
01e.oo per week.
as
The location of tanneries Dear ample supply of hemlock bark was
desirable 1n former years but this condition doea Dot now preTail,
~:r =~r~~r~:!1z-!:Xg~!{l;~od for tanning . The Shepard ta.nnery
3
There are a Dumber of large tanneries in lfewark , u.J., and
this 1a tending to den lop tho glove and shoe 1nduatr1u 11:1 that c1 t;y .
•
the n!!:~:o:;e ~~ ~=!~:;;a~~~!: !:d t~t~!!•!n~t~::. ~~:~~~.!n
goods in 1914 to the value of $2 1 , 614,100~
3
�•
r::
taotorta!-:r
t:t.~. ~~~!» t!r&l~r~~~~=
pt..a.ta -.a Califol"'lia t.bl.r4 o
~!
:!::: ~~""L
816
i'ha 8lon Uu1a.atrr 1o Be• York etatll 1a larp*roentere4
ill Clonrnllla , aDI! ?ioiA.l '7 but til era ie no :raaeo.a
k14 slona
or u:t other JdD.1 o:t sl.O•ea oannot lte a.ltfaotuna pro t&bl7 1n
Dlmb!U'J'o
1'ba t ooat:lon of .o ~ ta.mutrlao 1n ~hnoetta upl.oi.Da
to an extent the laro:a 11a't'elopmeat of t:ba ahoe lndnatry 1ft that atate.
'l'bera are 740 tonneriM in the Onl tei1 states , and tbeae pro ..
duMd leather 1n 191t to the nJ.ue of 367 , 001. , '1'08 .
lrucaabuaO:ait:
:: t~t;.!:o~~mi:c!~.~;:~ur~. :!:h~!:O
~ • I111DOie 80 , Ohio 2.tr Yalne 1a , new BMI'ahl:re 0 Oll4 Connao~out
1
•
'i'haae pla.ata ooaem.4 138 , 56'1 , 698 hides u4 a:tl.aa 1n
HAT LEATHERS
SHIVERS and ROANS
Reeding and Printing
THE
•
•
Sendfor Nimplepadand pric.,.
~EO. A. SHEPARD & SONS CO .
191~ .
x
�•
•
•
•
�JUil
•
THE SHOE IUDUSTRY
'l'bere wao a small shoe factory in D&llbury a number of years
ago but it went out of business beolluse of unprogresaive management .
There is no reason why Danbur;r should not ban Bhoe factories .
1Yhile the industr;r is centered in J.!aasacbuasetts there is
~;r!~~~:l t~=a~u!~~Y t~;so~r c;~f~f c~::i~!:~r~e
gradually
Danbury's adjacency to Jiew York is a strong &lh'&ntage fo r
the development of shoe manufacture at this p oint and the industry
is of a character to wa.rrs.nt effort to develop.
•
It is quite within the possibilities that some Hassaobusetta
ahoe manufacturers might be induo-ed to remove here to establish
branch plants here . Changes are taking place constantly 1n this
industry offering opportunities of this kind .
There are 1,355 shoe manufaoturillg establishments in the
country, turning out 292 , 666, 468 pairs of shoes in l'Jl4 , valued
at $50 1 , 707 , 937.
As is well known , J.fassaohussetts is the most important shoe
manufacturing state of the Union , 464 or one third of the total
number of establishments being located in that state. New York ranks
second with 235 plants, Pennsylvania third with 131 , Ohio fourth
with 62 , Wisconsin fifth with 61 , New Hampshire sirth with 55,
!.t&ine seventh with 50 , llissouri eighth with 49 , Illinois ninth with
47 , Hew Jersey tenth with 42 , l!iohigan eleventh with 24, California
twelfth with 16 , J.l1nnesota thirteenth wi tb 14 plants.
Tb.e efficiency at o..ny one location for shoe mt~.nufaoture is
baaed not only upon the actual cost ot manufacture , bUt upon the
availability of materials and nearness to llllrket.
•
•
'Rit hout question, the present advantage of oost of manufacture
and convenience, is in favor of the Uassachusetts cities, where such
a large amount ot skilled labor is available and where Yarious allied
industries are located , nw.king the materials and supplies used in
the manutscture espe o i&lly a vailable •
As in other lines of industry , many branches ot the manufacture
of Bhoes bave been specialized , manufaoturers finding it more
eoonomioal to have ao much of the special work as possible clone outside of their plants . !'or example , at the present time there are OYer
60 establiahments devoted wholly tonoperations perforDd on materials
:furnished by others . Of these 24 do stitching , 8 make button holes ,
4 do crimping and 17 do contract v;ork in whole or in part. As it is
to the adYantage of the silk industry in Paterson to have oolllll.ission
throweters, reed and harness workers, dyers , silk mao.hinery ID!I.nufaot urera etc . , readily$Tailabl e , so it U of &dYantage to shoe
manufacturers to have sub&idiary and allied industries a.Tailable and
the more of these allied industries that can be seoured the great er
will be the posaibili ties tor the development of the industry as a whol e.
Welted shoes form oTer 40% of the t otal output ot boots ~md
shoes in the country , and what is known aa Uc Kay shoes form 37% of
the output . Turned shoes form about 12~ and wood or metal fastened
shoes about 10%. About 60~ ot the shoee manufactured are men's shoes
and the balance women' s and children's shoes •
The total production of shoes to r 1914 by olassitioationa is
shown in the toll owing table :
�3Ui
•
Number of establishments •.••••• . .. ,,
1 , 355
PRODUCTS
Total number of pair s • •• . .. . ••.• 29!1 666 468
Boots and shoes , pairs •.. •. .• ••
lien ' s • •· ··· · ·····•· ······•••
Boys ' and youths ' • • •• • •••·•·
Women 's , . , . ••••• ••.• •• ,. ,, ,,
J.H. ss ea' and ohildrena ' ••••••
Fiber •• . ••••••• ••• •.••••• • ••
252 , 516 , 603.
98 , 031 , 144
22 , 895 , 719
80 ,916,239
48 , 322,395
2 , 351 , 100
Slippers, not elsewhere specified pairs 17 . 733 689
ll:en ' s boys' a.nd youths ' •.. • •. ..• 3 , 666 , 97.2
Woman's misses ' and children ' s 14,066 , 717
•
Infants ' shoes and alippere , pairs-15 , 476 , 763
All other products • . • •••••.•. ,,, , 6 , 939 , 413 •
The shoe industry is vny highly developed in this oountry-,and
operations are conducted along well established linea . UU.oh o1' the
shoe machinery used throughout the country iB owned or controlled by
what ia known aa the " Shoe Truatn and this machinery i B leased out to
manufacturers on a peroentage basis .
A large proportion ot the Eastern Shoe l!anufaoturere are
organized under the North Eastern Shoe &: Leather Association of Now
· England. This association includes eo~ threte hundred of the shoe
manufactur1na corporations, representing a capital of over $30 , 000 0 000 •
•
•
�SHOE FACTOR I ES 1'1 TJf'l: UUIT:FJD STATES
•
l!ilZD
~~~< ..
c:::=:J
~(...""' ~.)( ......
'0\,.,..J.. 5{~~........ .,, -
~.;,.
.;,<:.. ••\
"\· 0~
, \\ ...
~~~·••••
~ ....\
~ .'l ..."\.
• .,.·" ... ·, ... . ....
- -\• •• '''"";;•.,. ~. S.~~ ., <o.o- ·~ •~ -~~~•
�..
,.
�..
Jill
J'OOD l'RODUCT lliDUS~RIES & THE !'A..lll! ?ACTORY
The la.rg•st and 11ost il:tportant single industry of the Danb\U'f
industrial area ie the production of food products.
In the s.rea contributory to Danbury this industry •mplo;vs
15 , 000 persona .
The food produota industry comprise& two groups :
1- The fanu 1'/hich produce the raw lllnhrial
2- The industrial plants whicb utiliu the raw rmterial .
Eaoh indh'idual fs.m can be like::ted to a factory wbich throuah
certain e:rpendit\U'es for materials am labor turne out annually
a certain a.mount of saleable ma.terials .
•
The l araer portions of the products of the farms included
in the Danbury area , are sold and shipped outside of this area •
Only a small portion of those products is utilized in industrial
plnnts for the mwmfacture of other food products .
Theca fe";'l industries ut111zina located in Danb\U'y o:ad near
vicinity and using as materials the products of near bf farlll'l or
the pro(lucts of farms located •lseWhere , are o.s followa:
~
H. E· Meeker (mill1ns an4 poultcy Wld stock food)
~rr1.son
& Dunhaa
"
"
"
Cannins & Preservillg
J . Gsntenmaier , {aauer kraut and pickles)
~
Q.
Pastore &: Co .,
Dairz Products
..
Danbury creamer1 co . , (sterelized milk , butter , oream)
Toma.ino Bros .
{los creu)
Charles Rider
"
Ziepheraon Bros .
De Xlyn Bake r1
:Bakeries
.
Vienna Baker1
Union :Bakery
L· !'earl
J , J , Johnson
~nata Baker1
De Kl.,yn :Biker1
J, De !:.on(le
F · Doniu
s . Corran.ti
Dayton &: Hur1eker
Confectionmrz
Zspherson :Bros . ,
De Xl,yn Bake r1
�,---- ---
•
'l'he abO"rfl 18 eatabllahm~ts employ 99 persons ( of whom 10 :~ore
females) and pc,y out ~74 , 200 annually in lraf:I:U• Their production
for the year 1916 was nluod at $246 , 200 .
The ten bakeries alone employ 68 pneons and pay out o'f'er
~50 , 000 annually in wages .
i'he lo.r~;eat of these is the De Kl.yn Bakery which emplors 22
persons and the products of-:which not oaly lDclude bread , oakes and
pastry but &lao oonfeotionary and ice cream.
Ernete Bakery e11ploye 14 persons.
The Blllployeoe of bakeriee are wall paid , cw.ster bakers reoeiTil'la
Si!:gg ~!~ :::~;
•
~:! ~~~;~:a $~;;~t~ 8~n•:•~o ~~~n!e!~~~~=dule.
As the price of milk a.nd ore&.l:l is eo hi&h , resulting from tho
demand for the dairy output of this region for retail consumption
;;.:Ii!f~~o!!d o.::r;•;.!oi!tt!~: ::::::~;:• ~! ~~t;;~r!:i~~t in
ll'airfhld or Litchfield count be. The butter Cl&nutaotured by the
Danbury Creamery Co ., can be ccneidered as a bi- produet being
ud 1 from their eurplus of mill and cream , their large at buaineas
being the supplying of the local demand for home consumption of
milk and. cru.m.
While there is large production of cereals in this region there
is little millllla: local grains , there being largely used by far110rs
for their own uee as feed .
The two griat ll.ills in the :Danbury area purchase their corn,
oats , rye, wheat and •1llet from western JI01nts. They find it
profit3.ble to a:rind and mlx these grains for stock food which io
sold to the farmers of the Danbury a.rea .
Both these ll.ills are of a substantial character , JJorrison &
Dunh&ll. ha'fing a 25 horse power plant and e . ;e. Ueelr:r a 15 horse
power milling o.nd grindins plant.
•
There is nry little slaughtering of animals 1n thlo •ioinity
tollupply the local demand for Dl!Ul.ts , western meata baing largely
used for home con&umption . The farnutra of ths re&ion kill oall'es
and swine to some extent and bring same to Danbury for sale to the
local butcher shops .
It can bo seen theretoro that of the 't'&st production of farm
~~~!~o!~n!~~!o~a~~u!{i~::d ~~~ :h:ZO~u~~~t~~~ !~ ~~~~r ff~od
0
producto .
That there ue possibilities in the dnolopment of itood products
ma.JlUfacture is indicated by a study of the farm production figures
of this territory.
As aholi':D in a pro"Yioua chapter Danbury is tho center of a larae
ae:ricultural area o.n(l this area is outlined lily an imaginary
bowtd!l.l'y line beyond which line ths f::~.rmers naturally do their
buaineas with other ocmmtlllities .
•
n.e products of the farms that are aold and shipped by rail
arc of oouree baul.od to tho nearest rail.roat'l point :tro~ which
they fl,:l,y be shipped. Thus only a sm.3ll portion o:t the :tar11 products
�J1~
•
of the Danbur1 area ia aotua1 11 hauled i n wagons to the railroad
freight sto.tion in Danbur1- A ten mile circle around Danbnr1 would
outline the utmoat lilllits of what might be called the Danbur;y
wagoD haul territory .
Ths better ths ooDdition of the roads in this territory the
la.ra:er will be the tonnage of fa.r11. products hll.Uled into Danbury .
\ihile the wazon haul is thus limited wh.:l.t could be properl1
called the Danbur1 agricultural area. covers the maJor portion
of !'airfield w:ad Litchfield counties, n.nd the toWll. of Southllury
in llew Hann oou.nt1 , o.s well o.s liberal slices of territor1 in
the eastern sections of Pntnlillll , Dutohess and ./estobester counties
of new York atatci.
i:
this ~£~r~·~ 1 1~ ei~::~ :~u:::ri:~s~~~!~:e:~:e or~h:o~~::~ing
a.re more or lena identioo.l , the chara.oter of their lands and oropa
aimila.r , a.nd their naturo.l headquarters for the tr:msaotion of
business in Danbury .
This territor.r is also the area th:o.t would be depended upon
to proYide the raw materials lor any kind of specialized food
products lll:lnufaoture that might be undertaken iD Danbury .
A otud;y of the resources of this territor;y is therefore 1111portant to ascertain the local &Tailabilit;y of raw m&teria.ls .
Ill !I' airfield County , the toWlls of Danbury , Bethel , Brookfield ,
Uew Fairfield , Sherm=Ln , Jlewtown, t:onroe , P.eMing , Ridgefield ,
;'lilton , \'leeton and Easton contain one half of the far• area of the
county o.nd it ia therefore safe to assum-e that the;y produce one
half of the animal oropa .
Ill Litchfield county the towns of l2'oodbury , B:oxllury , Bridgewater , Bathlehem , !.:orris , io'ashiqton , new IIUl ford , Lit4hfield ,
.Tarren and Kent contain one third of the farm area of that county
and it ie therefore safe to :lBSuae th!!t the;y produce one third
of the crops of that county.
The towna of Southbury , Oxford and lllfiddlebur7 i b Jlew Bann
coWLt;y baYe one aixth of the farm area of that oount;y and produee
one sixth of the oropo .
Parts of the towns of DoYer , Union Val e, Washington , :Be ekmOJI. ,
Pawling and Eaat Fishkill in Dutcher& county oonto.in one third of
the farm acreage of that county and therefore produce one third
of ita crops •
.Parte of the towns of Patterson , Kent , South east IW.d Carmel
in PUtnam count1 , contain one half of the :farm acreage of that oount;y
and produce one hoJ.:t of ita crops •
..
.Parts of the towns of north So.lem , Solll8re , Lewisboro • Bedford ,
ud Pound Ridge iD ,'festoheater Count7 han one fifth of the acreaee
of the oount;y and produce one fifth of ita crops .
Uoine these per oent~~oges c.s a basis of estimate and allowing
tor probe.ble increase 1n proeduction along certain liDos we haYe
the following figures representina: the agricultural strength and
production of the Dan'llur,v zone •
�JlJ
•
!rotal population ( inolud 1ng Tillases)
i~~~·:~~=a~!
fiLrm area only
Total acreage in :!:arms
!lumbar of bras
Acres of woodla.nd
A.orea under oulteration
Value of far .!liB
!lumber of dairy cowo
101 , 000
34 ,000
530 , 236
471,430
5 , 863
88 , 000
212 ,ooo
$94 , 286 , 283
29 , 289
Production
..
lU.lk sold sal& o
Cr eu sold , &:alB o
Butter sold , lbs .
Cheese sold , lba .
l'oul try sold (nWIIber)
E&i:B sol d , dozeno
Hone y produced , lbs .
Wool fleeces shown (nWiber)
Cal ·us slo.ushtered
Cattle slaughtered
Swine slaught&red
Value of na;etnbles produced
Corn , bushels
oata
"
ll'beat
Barle;y "
Buclrwileat
Ha3 - tons
l'oto.toes- bu,
Tobacco , lbs .
!Japle sugar , lba .
:rruits , bushels
Berries , quarts
...
11 , 722 789
56 , 0
518 , 092
7,017
232 , 418
1 , 254 , 661
38 , 956
1 , 872
28 , 091
19 , 797
27 , 141
$ 683 , 538
704 , 739
225 ,066
16 , 627
2 , 922
41 , 067
14-9 , 039
564,481
1 , 164 , 595
4 , 200
712 , 125
872 , 422
Of this immense production of the farms in the Danbury ::one
it would be interesting to know what propertion of the food material
produced i£ aald to and oonsWiled by the population of that ::one , an4
what proportion is shipped away from that ::one to feed other ooWIIU.Ditteo .
It would be also interntina; to!llmcnr the 4l!lount of tood produo":os
broupt into the :;)anbury zone for conaumptio• tlult fli(lht be pro't'ided
by the fc.rma of thia areu .
It requires a Tast amouht of food to feed 100 , 000 percons and
the areater the extent of the consumption by the local population of
the products of the local area , the greater will be the benefits to
::hw~~l:o~:~ti: :~ i~:t~~:; :~;::~~~o;nf~~~~ulation
..
at hoce as
If there could be one superintendent of farma in control of
the production of this entire area U is safe to say that the 5 , 800
fa.rma would be managed IIKire efficiently and profitably than at present.
All thia is impossillle the next beat condition would ba to create
eraater cooperation of action monc the farmera in both the production
aDd sell ins of their produot.a
This cooperation 11 being aocomplishod to aoma extant throUGh
tha milk leagues , the Grange and the uae of the County l'il.rll Bureau ,
and of the cooperation extenaion worlc o1' the a.grioultural dapartaent
of Connecticut •
�J'air!'ieU. County bae an efficient l!'liU'II Bureau Wider tho dirootio•
of lfr o s. J . lt'ri&l't , CoU».ty .1.srlaultura.l Apat .
u.tort\Ul&toly h01rohr the s...teresta of the 1tu· •rr 1n the norther •
ud souther• eootionl of the oounty are more or leas dinrca.nt
aad. t or thle reaaoa a Oount.v 1'ar111 Bureau looahd 1a Jorwalk 1a not
of aa lltl.ell 'benefit to the taraiq: iatereeta of the aortbera pct of
t ha aotmty
if this
wera located lJt. Daabury.
aa
~he
Bureau
ta.rmoro of aorthena P&irllold Ootnlt,y are r:ruch !liDra olooal;v
:::o~~!::nr~:. t~~r~~:::l:! ~~!:hii:;a.;:u:ifb -:~=~" o~·:~:t~~=ty
!'airfield OoWlty.
for
t~tin~:!~:r~lad!!:iJ~~ !~rt:~ !:!:off :iot~!;n:~:t!;nt~ 4
zone had &n ora;anization of their owa resardlass of c:ount7
ana eooper atad 111 their fan~ work aad &ellini effort
Dultur7
u d state lillee
•re t'o.lly.
It 1e probable that euab aooperatlo• would ruult 1.D. more ia'telltcent ut1lill:atlon of tho fara l.aAd o
Without doubt a oa'l'efnl etud;r of :fa:tt~~b{ uthods would disoloae
the faet that thie le.raa araa of lu.d eould be made to prod.uoo
nab more profit per aore than at preeant.
11
0
1
4
7
how t~tla~ !~:1~ ~: :!:. t!:~o S:~:o~i~! b:~~~" ·~i ::!fd
ut111ud. to bettor ahu.tage )y dnelOpiWit of the I*) at profitsble
lbe1 of prodttotioJio
i:oloee
the
The resul ta of faflliq 1a la1r:fbl 4 CoUll.tJ" are aow hilt& aade
of apoo1al atud:r i( the state Acrioultural Colle""" A
n~ J eot
!;P~!IJ~ t~!a;:: ~!o~*M66~
11
1
to
oc,_~g :!~";e~a:.:~~ ~= ~:;!!~
illdh a-c;ee that the e.all farm of 40 aorn 11 11101t profitable · ADd
lrith dair;riJI& and fruit ral81q as t he 1101t profitane :forme of
pr oduetioa.
In aotblrr~~p o rt ':V th• Oouaty F&rll Bureau oa 46 faru looatad
. . . aear .Uulnuy the recorda 1hawd ;e&rl J' lalea anraa:U& aa
follows:
J'or milk
" oat·n e
" oropa
" poUltl'J'
$1 , Ul . OO
33'/. 00
31'1 . oo
89. 00
To p r.odua~e the aboYe tbre was u. aYere.ae expenditure on each
f at'll of ,}4.89 l or fud aJI4 $16 . 00 for ferlU b e r.
Dalrr Prod uata
l>v.:tobeea OoUDt7 raab firat 1a this area •• a produeer of dniry
:!~t!!!~ ~! ~o:u!:t:i :rni.~t:1:~:::~ ia !b~!:r h~t~·~~e
1
0
0
aa4
J airf'iel d ua lfeatc.hnter oout1es raak abottt the aer.e l.oci•s ellshtly
l •e importu.t dairy OOWIUOI tha.a Litohfielilo
•
i'he llilk of thia uea is largel;r ehlpptd to Dew Ynt ud
Br ldceport, and two a o~Q;~ettna leagu.ea or eell b& aaeoelat lou diYlde
t hia pro duetloJL ud eaah be an e l d orate ad •ell orJzmlud &J11tOII
t or oolleotio• . llhip••t . .a d.ell"n2'7•
�/)
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Neuco Electric Combination
Broiler, Toaster and Cake Griddle
No. 128
Specially Inai; ned for
Hotela, R e1t a ura nt1and P r iva t e R e.i de nce•
HEidealdevicefO<"broiling,grillingand
toasting._Broilssteliks,chopc~~.etc.,ineig?t
.
b
•
to ten mmutes, J.,&ving the vital euences m
the meat. More efficient than cool, gat or
charcoal.
Waste heat;. utilized for hearinwpoli1hed cast iron
top which males a splendid griddle. Toasts sixteen
1liccaol bread evenly at one time. Top can al110 be
u.ed for keeping foods and liquids ho..
�•
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•
�This Machine
Has MoreThan
Paid for Itself
~
~
The
l'tleghar
Hardware
Specialty Company, New
Hm·en. Conn .• QWn~ two
"Turner Turreta," one of
which hM been in continu-
ous serviee for tw o years
-a nd the Company 1111ya
this machine "has more
thanpaidfor itself."
The ...::eompanying phot.oa-rapMandaketehahowthe
"'ork.
The casting ia of
nickel eompoaition. tough
and at ringy maten.J.
All
four spind l es or the
''Turner Turret'' are used
-the first drilb 14~ hole
halfthroughthepleee:t.hesec<lnddrillsa3116"11olethrourhthebalan~oftheca.o!ling:
the thlrd earrl~ a hollow milling tool which turns ofl' the ou~ide and the fourth alation
0
~:;;:: :h~ ·7~~~c~u~~f.~ ~~n~~~~:~t~: ~~C:k ~~~~~~~~o~ !~~itw~~~~~~!:':~~
250tutlnpperdaywaseonsideredgoodoutput.
The "Turner Turret" Is made in !le\·eralsius and h"ndlee the ABme class of work M ex.
penai\'echucking machine~~ ntnn initial CORtQf about one-half, The illustrations 6hOW
our Model "B" type. We shall be glad to Bhow you what this machine can 'laVe on some
of you r work. Write us for details
TURNER MACHINE COMPANY
DANBU RY, CONN., U.S.A. ond Newark, N. J.
ho<••--<«1 ,.·llh T ..... , , .. lh<rt"" "' Co., Ltd., Uent..,, M ........, . , - SIO<kpO<t,
Oort-<1
�MACH INERY
One Minute
on the
IURNER
IURRET
Know any other way
to equal this time?
The work is thedrop-forgedetee! !e•·er (off-
lie\ at an angle of 87 degree~~) ahown in the
sketch at the bottom of the p&ge, and tllcre
arc four operations. A%" hole Is flnlt
drill~d through a 3'~" oeetion, then renmcd.
Next the opposi te end!$ hollow-m!l!cd to
$lreandtheflnishedcnd,:W•longby:l,!."diameter. threa<led with a 24-pitch thread.
Production is one complete piece every 60
~~eConds.allday,everyd/IY,fOrllperiodof
O\'ercightmonths, and here's how it'odone.
The work i8 chucked i~e 1\xture M ohown,
thefirstturretbrou
inUJplayandthe
holedri!!ed;theeeeon Hpindledoe&!t.turn
andreamsthehole;thetlxtun~i•thentumed
uptopresentlhelon~:~dforthe th!rdiPlll·
die to hollow mill. atrni!thtand taper. and
~~~tteiair:~u·t~:n ;~ ~-:~k !:~
be described. Tbe allemath·e for thil job
wouldbethedriUpreQfortheflntoperation.aturretlathefortheothf:rthree,anda
bigdropinoutput.
·~
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•"
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I< -
0
TURNER MACHINE COMPANY
DANBURY, CONN.
ud!!nru\. N. J.
U.S.A.
�You'll Say the Same Thing
;;:;~:.:..-t:~-:::~;;
couldn't a-et alont
without it." One of these Ill the A. 0. Norton Company. Boo!ton, make, of the well-known
Nort.on Jaekt and owne111 of three Turner Turret.!.. Two of these machine~~ ha•·e be@n In ...e
soweral ye.!'ll: the other ft•·e montha-Jong enough for the company t.o know how prncllcal
andaatlllfaetorytheyare.
The photol! ehow 11 typleal piece of "-ork. performed on one of the old machine.. The CNJt.
lDfl' lila m~lleable Iron $0C:ket for 11 100-t.on Norton Jack. The operations are: bt Spindle,
drill I~" hole throua-h two ~'~" sections. 2nd Spindle. a double cutting tool re&ITUI the
lower ~~eetion and eounterboreo~ t.he upper ~~eetion. 3rd Spindle, drill a %" hole 2'Y~" deep.
4thSplndle,drlll\4"holethroughtwo \4"' lugS. 5th Spindle, drill &-16" hole Vi" tk!ep.
6th Spindle, drlll 3-16" hole ~nd counterbore to %"· And all thio work io done on the
Turner Tu....,l in 8 minutes.
Mo11 we tell ]IOU more about th~ machine and the thing8 it dQUf
TURNER TURRETS are built in ..,veral oi%eo.
TURNER MACHINE COMPANY
DANBURY, CONN., U. S. A. and Ne wark, N. .J.
�•
•
Typical Work for the
I URNER
IURRET
Eachofthese~teelpi~haaeixholesand
therearefouroperation.oineaehhole,that
i8. it takes2<1 operations to complete one
pi<!ee. The Turner Turret, with its four
8p indles. complelell one Gf these pieces In
leu than 30 minute.. The work ie • imply
clampedtothotnbleandthcsu~ive
Hl)indlesareindcxednnd rundnwntocom]lleteeachoperation.
Th~,..,·• oo olobon.te .. l-u f'Otloltod.&Dd tlletoolo
.... .,.,_,o•oclloamorn<ntoodtbem..:hlaooot•P
r~
oootbor Joh
Ia ta<<,
tile Tam.,. Tatl'tt ....,..,
cr•tprolloa .... -.r.a
!11.,_,.,
=:~~
�•
•
How Would You
Machine This Hole!
This steel casting is the type of work the average
mechanic would refer to as a
~
"mean"jobpz·ovidinghehadnever
seenaTurnerTurrctinoperation.
A hole 3" deep is bored, two diameters,andtomakethepz~blem
interesting a rocess is cut about
half way down the hole. Difficult
to hold, and dangerous to swing in
a turret lathe, itisjustthekindof
a job that a Tun1er Tuz-ret can
handle to perfection. On the T urner Turret the work doos not revolve. 1'he tools are
indexed in succession for dril!ing, reaming, recessing, etc. Castings of this kind are
machinedjustaseasilyandquicklyassrnal\compactparts.
S end u• a oll.etch of the word job of thi• kind tho.t you ha~e and we 'll
giue )'<>U on id~to of what thio handy machine con do for you.
I URNER
I U R RET
TURNER MACHINE COMPANY
.::.~~:.~ :.~~.~.~....... ~.:~ :::~:~~,~:.~·........~. !~.~
�•
She
IURNER
IURRET
is an Accurate Machine
as well as Productive
Precision is the rule at the Wells Bro~. Company's aho(M, Greenfield. i\lass .. and for
work of this character the Turner Turret
canbedependedup<>n- bothforqualityand
quantity of output.
In the work $hown (a die head) the hole
is drilled to two diametera, one or which
isthenreamed. Thcsethreetoolsareautn-
matical.lyindexed,oneaftertheother,withoutwasteeffortortima--ndtheyccnter
exactly.
L..t "' • how what tho: Turn<l!r Turret
con d o for you.
Turner Machine Co.
DANBURY, CONN. and Newark, N. J.
'""""'";,",'..1......:.:~.,~:::.:·-•• ~·~~t·...t
.."..~: ......
�....,....
__ ......__
,_
.,.., ...)9-..-·--.a.- .....-"1"111
l"N"\II&I!ipn
A:u~dwoJ au!qJ~W
IIKOJ 111100'0
JauJn1
)!JO,\\ uOJll!Jado puoJas uo
.l'3~~ni
~'3N~n I oCJ£2.
�TYPE " E" ALL STEEL TURN-TABLE
��T ype"G'" Specia l Dis p iJO)'
Turn-lable hu been de!ignod to
"''~1\tepopulartlctnondforanmtor
<lm·onTumtobletoheu..,.j forth<
<li•plor <>( morehondi .. in oll(lw wln<IO"'"·"texJ""'ition<.ete. TheTnm·
tohlue>l•"l"'"theftoot("'hkhllo«<
n<>tl>tnUtm-<lintholta.t). llioc:ol\·
tr<>llodbyaJmshbiOIIOn•nd "otm>lly
lurn•ot o opooed <>font rn-oluliolt
<t"<T)" fofl)' oe<:on<l•- Tbe mKhit,.
i• fri<:tiot:t doi1-.:n ond it of .,mp~o:
datl(n
•
Tl>eid.,.i• oJtoodODO,Uioo•·i
det><edbythef-cttbato<t..:rol<>(
tbeoe
arc;,, doilJ· u,.. by
,...,b;,,.,.
::~~~:n~: ~~.:·~~~=·
ooll <loot...
T uRNER T uRN ~ ABLES.
Ge neru l Description .
\ Vc hnvc motm!actnr«l Gon>.~< Turn •tabl.. for "'''etol Y"'"' Otn Upo<fl<""" in the ;.,.,_.nation
~.~~~~~:~= t;:.';';;',:!:~~><lt-ly nryiug rot>tl ition•. h .. ouablrd wo to .
t·e o Tunt-tal:>le which
~::~~;~€=at;. .1P=27:;~=~·E~:=!7~"7=i~,E~~=:~
..,,.,""""l.
ligbt.•t,..,gand•-.,llbolall<'ftl It mUIItba~>tobilttr ......u ...
qui•"<"<·
~tnolly. tobo
onilablciOr'>«Utxlotoryi...,o!lotioatt>bouklbool<hollowd..UJ(D
\\'hen ..-e planned the pt..,.nl toble
oU oft'- requirnt..,l"- , . . rauLt "· o T•u·a-table
r•nuttll<"""'',om..,bit>twhkh-ctuolljthri•-onuqrl<ct
•
""'"""'i<kml
SETT ING UP: Ot>t moncon oet up tit< Tum<rTurn-tobleiuafewhourstimo:. Thebnt•i<»t pie«
"'ei~hooppro~tntatelyone
hundred {rOO) J>Otmd• The total 1\'.-igbt io fwm thrtt tb(>tl"""d (.JO'IO) t<> •ix
llt<>ll'"'>d (6<o>)JK>nlldooeronlillgiOihe Tum-t ablodian,.,tor.
T il £ TO I' i• <>f dte<okor«< ot«l plotoo to ••·oid ski•lding. Tho plotco ""' "'"'"''ed on I<> .,..1 '' I''
l""' m•rodi,.ingfromlhe<:<ntc" .
An6J>IionolftootSittf...,.,o(.,·-1i••>ltenpref.:r<e<louaerountoftheC'OI"ideJoblcoa""K· ll)"j>llr·
cbuins the noressoty lno>~btt in loool 1n o rk~t• ••• """'of from $to. to Sl<> .. ond applying the Hoot rigbt 011
tl>ejob,a .. •ingoffromiJJ.IOS<s<>-"eflt<:t«<, ThefO\"OII"illgt~>«:hani...,furniob<!dl'ut tb,,.ood Root
t ypoioideutK:allytbe ... ...., ....~fm ni•hfor the a ll "'"*I t)'l'" ofm..,hiD<. ltooblf'l"'or...,ig ht iotooo
,.,.,...,.,
Til£ REVO lV ING MECHAN ISM c:oo .. ouofo,...-y ingenious ruot -proo{bo:arinc •hichtak~
tbe "'"'" lood • • th~«utor. II ;. uti.-elyeno>J-.1 ond free from Ottumalatiorut of din otMI cnt. Tbe
•aoin lood • • Of"""' obe oot>i<le dio....,.,. io >UVI'"'~ by (16) special MHIIuttdoM<I roll<,. rc•oh'ms on
ouoote r cin:alor trace!<.
Th.,.. roller.orea\ll<'bcd to o S]>i<l<t ftome .. hi<:b b:<:]\0 tl'"'"' Otturotoly
o~ tO.,.t!}' lh.-ifptoponi<mateloed.>
~Mhrollerio,.~Uprottctedog o tnst•n"' a ndgnt.
Woodbu•b
ing• m•h tben> ;elf-lubrkoting , Felt-..bl..,ro o t~l o utO<Itotieollylocked COj>Ok..-ptbemolton,
FottbeptOI..,tiottofthe «l~eof the]>it ""fmni•h.,..ith our all >1<>oiTnm·tO\>leoachollnol ;..,., ring
Wl..,nitiorequir«<, - iuonlertohorm<.ml<e\\'itbli<trrOulldingS-toC:Ot-.:rourTnm-ta\>los\\'tth..,rneformof
ontfodng m•t~riol>n<h a; ••pl,.\t , tiling Qt ""'"''"'~· 1\'e furnish an odditional anglo hort to prot<.<:! tho
odgeoftbeTurn-tahle>urfa«:from injnry.
•
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•
II
\ViU support can o r trucks up to 10 ton burden, and 220 inch
wheel base, the whole being readily turned with one
hand. They last a lifetime.
Made only by the
Turner Machine Company
Danbury, Conn.
�•
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81 ·91 II!
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:~::~~~:=J:;",;I:1:~t;,:~,;;,;!:i,~~ 1 :~~:;;~:~~~~-; ;:;';:11~~ •!;~~~~· !,!;t;,:l !~~~~~~~~~,'!~;~! P.'~~~~~:: ~~ 1 ~!~;~ :!:,11 1~;~;:
ll ~.>I:>J->l( II ~u o.>lh:J1~'1
j<> !UOU[I J:oJdn ->l( l ~UJ ,i[l"!-~ad~.> apuou
":>.lll P(<jCIU~Ill ,,H ••
:><:l.(J.
:~r~: ~;,r J.~ :~:~7:.~!:~:~J~'!'~~;~-:~£~~~~~::;f:,;!t~~~·~i'!2_2;:~;;!~:~~~~:~:~~~,;:"~~~~~
S3 d Al. ONV S3'1Al.S
puu J,>t:>llll'!l'
["'~"'[·).>•P pun (I!.IIIPHJIS
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'"'"'! r.J).\.> 'I'!" [PJ'>.\<1.1 "'~!11Ulj.>:><u llu!-<IU.<:>.J
[ 'J!d ""! 91 1
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[»1JUddnt lfU!"'-J"SII<I!If.!l''JSII! .\.J<>ill j>IIO.U1Juj l"'idl'j>~ \"(lHp.>ds.>s! I( 10011
l""t! 1""'"'1·"'1(,1 j)IIU (I!JIIIJIU\S IJI!" ji'>J:>lO.l 'lliS!ll~lj.).>IU lfU!<IO.\:>.J \\U11Ul[• 1•!:>:>d$ 1110 lfll!ll<llj!j
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lfu!·'l'""~ IU~powrs ~nu :!"!'""IS
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Ttuo LARGEST BUILDERS OF
ttAT 1'\ACH I NERY IN THE 'v/ORLD .
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IRONING
MACHINE No.3
BALL BEA RI NG
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A.luolutclyErn:n l'rt:u u reoltloelN>n
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DORAN BROS.
DANBURY, CONN.
•
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A: '"~-~!::/.!'i_~-~
ROUND HAT WIRES
-~~;£;r~~::~:~:..Lr.::. ~: Z':J· wi-::.
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DANBURY, CONN .
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D&il"J1D!tn~:r~a;::teo:~;~l:n~h! !f~:!~ia:t _:n~~.~:·. ·~:r~~r!rop-
ortton of the •llk 1D this part of the terri torr at certalo oonTenient
collection pointe tor ahlpaect to the large Jlew York dealer .
The llleatern Connecticut Milk Pr?duoera !weoclatton, &D
of 4&1TJ' ""armere, oolleoh milk ~O'll ao!lle of the eeottona
or~isatlon
al.llo reao)'ood
b~·
the lie .. lark Da1J71111!1n ' a
r.e•~•
und b&a a practical
•onOJI017 of the milk production, north, north e'lnt, noutb aaat and
aouth of l>anbury . '!hie 111.11.11:: 18 collected at a
atatioua an.i 1s ehipped to
Br14~aport
in that oitJ.
tm~b o r
of d11'fe r ent
to auppl;v thn loolll
~~&r ket
:.'he 111lk oollaotton r ointa in tbiiJ terr1tor;r a nd tt.e natt.aa
..
of the l . t • v •lf uala, fima or daalera handling and. ahi TI'Oing thia
lllilll: nr c n, f1 1 •0\ a:
Jforth
- - J:ont - l illowbroolt
~~;n~~il;
~o;raamery ,
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lfew uutord • !.ta Der!ll.ott Broa ,
Bant.am
- ma:ce
- Borden Co. , Bew York (to)
"
LtUchall Da1r7 to Bridj!:eport.
•udda Bridge •
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Ro:l:b'lll"J
- i!o De~U Broa .
i &&hlnttton
~~~~~~1!:; : ~~::~p ~~!~ 7 to StM!'or~
18
:aridge'fater
Bruokfhld
f:~i•ft:l~e
i nd.ale
;:~i!~:on
~owner
Erentere
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- !.lit.o)hell .Jair7
: Cen;ral
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Da~~~~~:-&!: ::~k~nn)
Borden Co • • j:o lew York
Shef!1al4 c~ •• to ~w Yor ll::
Central Dair7
Borden Co. ,
':'be clty ot l!rid~eport bar~ recentlJ pe. aned c r~ inancea
nqu1,·10f' the r asteurill!tlon of 11111r tbe eG.:D.e a a in New Yorlr and
to meet the Dll'll' ootlll i ·. iot:a , me11bera ui' the ·a a tern Conne01t<'ut
llilk Producer& A•eooi.a:Uon ha"Ye orge.niled a atoclJ OOIIJ*IlJ !mown aa
the Far~:~en Datr7 Co ., with a oa11t&l ot hoc , ooo •
rhia COIIJl&llJ' will erect a tso,ooo paeteur1sat1o.o J.lant at
Brlb:o;ort arzd erzda"Yor to corzt:rol the mllk eu tpl7 of thia psrt of
the eta te
tU!d t:he Brid~~:erort caarket.
~ n effort wae raade to a ac11re
the location of thla t.larzt in
!Ogtoal
f::!~!.n~ut the :raem.bere felt that Bridgeport 11 the
moat
8
1
7h
for
onl7 a smal l J'POporUon ot the total BUpPlJ o! tn.la araa . i'ollow1D!
are the fl~s for the Utly rrootuetlon of 1111lk in the town of
Danbury and otll" r adjacent towne .
oonf'~~~ ;;tft! fo~!t~::u!.n~«Xf~ ~=!;! :!e~ ~:.te~h~~
Danbury
•
!ethel
r~gg ~~~t· :1~117
Brookfiel4
1800
Uetr l'~ir liold
llewtown
!lo:ldln~
Bidgtield
2800
6VCO
~300
3000
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These !lgurae are furnished by llr. Prank H. Stodtmueller,
State Dairy and Food Commissioner .
It will thus be eeen that the town of Danbury alone produces
nearly enough milk to supply the needs of the City of Danbury.
It ia ele.imed tbat even with butter selling in New York at
more than 50¢ per pound , 1 t ie more profitable for a datry farmer
to sell hie milk to the dealers for ship!llent to the cities, than to
attemtp to turn hie cream into butter. 'l'he milk dealers pay higher
prices for mi~k than a creamery manufacturing butter can afford
to pay.
i71th this condition prevailing it is not lill:elf that a07
creamery plants will develop in this area and that farmers will
still further develop milk production for ahipme nt to the large ci tiee .
~&rge
It might be ho·.fever that , with the cessation of cheese
importation from foreign countries, to a large extent, that the
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t::U!~:=~~f o;u~~n~~ !~f~n!i!~e:a~~;e:~:Oi~;:d
be developed here in
There are &leo possibilities here for the development of
industries manufaotur~apecial kinde of Uc '><t£'1 foods and dried or
prepared milk preparations .
Hone:y and Sugar Products,
It would appear that the production of honey and maple sugar
in this territory might be profitably increased and that even with
the present available production , industries might be profitably
conducted in Danburf epeoi&lizing in prepared honey and maple auger ,
extracts, syrups, honey wax products.
Animal
Slau.~rhter .
'l'he production of animals for slaughter ia not likely to
largely increase in the Danbury area and yet it would seem that the
industry could profitably be centralized in Danbury based on the
present supply of Slaughter animals available ,
•
'!'he considerable number of animals killed yearly in this area
are slaughtered to ao:ne extent by the farmers themselves and in part
these animals are gathered up by commission buyers •
It is probable that a central stock yards and abattoir near
Danbury 'II'OUld secure enough animals to make operations profitable and
such an industry would be a valuable addition to Danbury's industries .
Such an industry would probably also result in the establishment
of a fertilizer plant to uee the tankage and refuse, and possibly
in the estab&ishment of a soap plant. All of these industries are
closely allied, and are not obJectionable if proper11 located.
A consider able number of cow hides and calf skins are now
ra;:e~~d f:~m~n this territory by commission bU¥&rs who travel from
'l'he centralization of this bide industry in Danbur1 would be
of advantage and might develop other allied industries .
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Coogan & Sons have alraady established the nuclens of such a
business, buying about 200 hides per year and they also buy the
animal refuse of the meat markets which they send to a fertlzller
plant in Pit tsfield, Usee •
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Cold Sto r age .
Danbury needs a cold stor age war ehouse . Such an es t ablishment op e r a ted i n a cooperati ve ny would be very beneficial to the
farming int e r es ts aDd pro!i t able to the owne rs .
The stat lstioe show an i mmense quantity of poultr y , eggs ,
fruits and vegetables produced in the te r r i to r y of whi ch Danbury
is the center . If the farmers could have the benefit of a cold
storage ware bouse here , auoh ooiDDodlties could be held here fo r
the most favo r able market instead of being shipped immediately to
Bew York or elsewhere .
Cer eal Pr oducts .
Most of the cereal production of this area is used by the
farmers themselves for etock feed, and outside of this need grain
crops ,
have not proven t he most pr ofitabl e means for
utilh&tion of land ,
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It is not likely thatany kind of grain crop will be lar gely
developed hera for sale pUl'poeea , unless time may pr ove the ad·
vantf!age of fiax growing • •then methode for chemical t r eatment of
nax fibre a r e developed more filly, the demand for flax st r aw for
manufacture into linen and of nax eee:i for manufacture into
linaeed oil may be such as to make the growi ng of flax in Hew
E.ngland pr of! table to the farmere ,
The manu.i'actUl'e of bake d food products from weetern flour
may readily de velop in any oity adJa cent to the Ne'lt' York market .
Ther e i s an infinite variety of such pr oducts including special
forme of fancy breads , cookies and confections . Some very large
industries of thi s kind have bean built up in Connecticut and other
e ta tee adJa cent t o New York City.
The u ee of local BUrplua gr ai n pr oduction fo r alcohol,
manufactur e i s an i nteresting poseibility ,
Canning and Preeerving.
The large total in production of vegetable& , f'l'uita and
berries in the Danbury zone 'lt'ould indicate that the canning and
preeerving industries might logically be developed he r e ,
! l a rge amoubt of these products is of course moat pr ofitably
sold for the fresh vegetable and fruit market& of New York ,
Bri dgepo r t, and Boston, but there 1e a considerable &Ul'pl us of this
production which does not find a sale , including the eecond grade
goode and there is also ooneidera ble spoilage and wastage.
Certain special kinde of crops could profitably be
developed he r e by the farmers if they were sure of a local market
and cannery or preserving enterprises would aeaUl'e their supply of
materials through contract!! with the farmers "ho would agree to
stipulated acreage of the needed crops,
The po s sible linea of canned goods preserve and pickle
manufac ture a r e suggested on a following page,
Such i'ndus t r ies might be secured through negotiations for
b r anch p l ant s of soma of the large food products corpo r ations .
Potato Products ,
While much of the 584 , 000 bushels of potatoea RJ"O'It'D yearly
in the UanbUl'y a r ea and consumed by the population of that a r ea yet
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there must be more or lese of a saleable surplus , especially of
inferior potatoes , culls and potatoes that are in the first stage
of spoilage .
'l'hie s ur plus potato cr op could be utilized either in the
m8nrlaetur e of st arch and glucose or in the manufacture of alcohol.
Modern processes have made the manufacture of denatured
alcohol from potatoes very pr ofitable and such an industry could
pr ofitably be located in Danbury whe r e a large amount of alcohol
is used in the bst trade .
This sub3ect is covered more fully i n the chemloal chapter .
Tobacco Products .
The etatistioe indicate a production of leaf tob- acco in
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a~:n~:t~~:f =~=:a ru;~~!;:: ~~e~.,=~ . ~o0~665°;o::::a6l:~:;~;o yearly
and ove r 16,000 acres in this state are devoted to tobacco culture •
The tobacco production of Litchfield County is nearly
.2 .ooo .ooo pounds yearly and of Fairfield County about SOQ . OOO pounds
yearly end of Dutcbee-e County , N. Y. about 50 . 000 pounds year1.7 .
li'o figures are ava ilable as to the profits of tobacco
culture in this state but it would appear that the to ba.ooo raised
in this section should be the means in part of more largely de veloping the oigar manufacturing indust ry of Danbury .
'l'b.e following a r e eome sugge sted linea of food pr oduct s ,
the manufact ure of which could be prof! tably ca.rri ed on in Danbury
because of a vailability of mate r ials and the adjacency of the New
York mar ket .
:BAKERY PRODUCTS
...
Pretzels
DOG bleoul ts
Fanoy pastr ies
F l ab food
Ice c r eam cone s
ANDUL !: PISH PRODUCTS
Fi sh oils
Smok&ll fish
Gelatine
~:~:: ~I!!:re
Sar dines
CANNED AND PRESERVED GOODS
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Tomato ceteup
Chill sauce
Pickled to!D&toee
Pickled onions
Pickled caul i flowe r
Pickled cucumbe r s
Woroeeterebl r e sauce
Dried apples
Canned asparagus
"
peas
beans
tomatoes
flab
berr ies
frUits
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Food colorings
Olive bottling
Marmalade
Olive oil bottling
Banana oils
COFPEES
TEAS Am> SP I CES
Tea packing plant
Coffee r oast i ng
Spic e grinding
Chocolate prepar ations
GENERAL VEGETABLE AND FRUIT PRODUCTS
Tapioca p re paration
Starch
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!laki ng poll!'der
Buckwheat products
Banana flour
BOT'rLED GOODS
Fruit juices
Prui t beverages
Bottled sodas
Birch beer
Ginger ale
Root beer
Cocoa- Cola
DAIRY PRODUCTS
Oleomargar i ne
~tter re'III'Orking
Ice Crea m
Pancy cheeses.
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Canning induetr:vee of the United Statee
The government statistics of 1914 show 3,199 establish-
mente in the count r y devoted to the production of canned goods
of T&rious kinds , their combined product for that year being
Talued at ~158 , 015 , 893 divided as follows :
Vegetablee •••••• • ••• • ••·• · •·· 84 , 413 , 667
Fruits . .... ......... . . .... . .. 24 ,897 ,174
Fruits (dried) .. . ............. 34 , 771,912
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Soups ••••••··········· · . •• • ••
7 , 877 , 057
Other canned goods • • . • • • • • • • •
6,056 , 083 ,
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THli: CIGAR lllDUSTRY
There are only 10 o igar manufacturing eatabliahmente in the
Danbur;y area ind theae are of sm3J.l size emplo;rillg but 48 pereona
and PAJ'ing out leas than $50 , 000 annually in wages .
And )"tit Conneoticut is a tobacco state and the industry is one
whiob might be well '
: dneloped hera.
Cigar manufacture largelf emplop men and these men reoei'U
comparat1nl7 high wages &Terag1ng $18. 00 per week .
Cigar lll&kera as a rule are a.n orderly self respecting olaaa
of man and are not undesirable .sa residents .
The largest of tbe local cigar plants is that of the Fountain
Cigar Co ., at Bethel Which emplors 15 persona, "-"! all but threa
of whom are males.
1.1. Simon and c .
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A,,
Hofman in Danbury eraplo;y six man
e&oh o
The total production of Do.nbury ' s ten cigar planta baa a Talue
of onr e 100 , 000 annually .
As atated , Connecticut is a tobacco state, producing leaf
tobacco annually to the amount of over 30 ,000 ,000 poun!Ss.
Hartford County produces the major portion of the Connecticut
;~~o.~~~r c!!~ ;:~~f~e~!t~~~t;d a~~~t{a~io! u:~~l~~~r P:U:!!:i~~epounda
Connecticut tobacco ia ot high grad e and is used largely tor wrappan
and binders, the local cigar m&kers purchasing their imported Cuban
tobacco for fill era in the Hew York market , and 1n Elaira , N· y.
'l'he wage 8C&le 1n Danbury runs slig!)tly lower than in Ue'l' York
City , the piece rate being: from ~9 . 00 to $15 . 00 per 1,000 accordina
to the grade of goods made.
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Danbury alone consumes enc:fb cigars to keep at least 100
0
t:;nL:iU:;e ci;~e m!!~~~~!r:::a
:ii:;inm;~r~a~;:Yl~~:t 'm!;k::Yt!
There i8 much coaplaint among the local cigar makera that the
!!~~rP~~:!:&!s .:n~h:;c~:~J: li~n~b:ifo~! 1 ~i~:;b~~~c~~;.~;~e
a8
Th18 should not be overlookea U' a "BUJ' at Home" omapaign i8
inaugurated, as suggested elsewhere.
It would appear that there are large poaaibilities offered
in the development of thia industry . Effort should be mab to interest acme of the large cigar oOfllP&niea to locate branch plants bara .
'l'hi8 would not ba dittioult as Danbury is favorably located to the
New Yorlr market and manutaoturing coats here are lower than in New
York City.
New cigar plants are conatantly being eetablhhed by the larger
companias in C011111uni tie a bavil18 lese claim tor consideration than
Danbury •
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BOTTLinG IliDUSTRY
i'lh1le t:t.ere o.ra no Drawers in D&nbury thera are aix
ntabli&hllllnh speciallziq in tbe bottli.Dg of bur , Jainoral
waters and soft drillkll , as follows :
Jea.n HorniJI&
Bartley !'!state
ll · Dick
IJo Pbilina; .Estate
Bartley & Clancey
J. li' . Uiohola Estate .
Thue six concerns araplo;y 15 IDen &nd pay out $ 10 , 500
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aruaually i n wasee •
Their products in 1916 ITere 't'alued at $29 , 000 ,
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TEE USE OF LIME
The abundance of lime atone in the vicinity of Danbury
suggests large poesibili ties for the development of various allied
induetrtee .
At present this limestone is only used for building
purposes and for
~rinding
into fertilizer . The various forme of
limestone products can be enumerated as follows:
Buildinll: stone
Ground limestone for fertilizer
Burned to produce calcium oxide or commercial lime.
Hydrated lime for building purposes
To make natural cement
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To make eand- lime brick
To use in glass making
In the manufacture of porcelain
For water purification
In making soda ash and caustic soda
In making bleachilllt' powder
To make calcium carbide
To me.ke calcium nitrate
To make material for spraying trees
For distillation of wood
In the manufacture of paper
To make cold water paints
For depilation in tanning induatrr .
It would appear that a corporation with sufficient
re soure•s !or developing all these forme of limestone products
could build up a verr sueeeee:!ul industry here as Danbury lime etone is of a superior quality and to be found in abundance •
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CHEl!ICALS, ACIDS , DYES , DRUGS , GLUS , IIBDICI!l'AL PR&PARA'l'IOVS
Al.'D
TO~T
ABTICALE3.
!'heae 1nduatrtea are grouped toGether beca.uae all require
in one way or !l.nother thlt use o:f chellloal. prooeaaea .
Danbury baa :few eatabllahlllents o:f this
time as :followa:
~ind
at the present
E:err Chemical Co ., - Proprietary medioiJiea
vasa Chemical co ., "
"
SolTents ReooTery Co . , Al cohol .
connectiout Glue co .,- Glue and Shellac .
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All of these are 81110.11 establishments e:xoept the Connectiout
Glue Co ., which ctt;~loya 25 persons , eight o:f whom are females •
The Kerr Chemical Co ., manufactures a preparation haTing the
t r ade name o:f "'l:.inoaine" • The Vasa Chemic al co. , pr oduces a
rheumatic remedy known as "Thialion" .
The Connecticut Clue co ., for the manu:facture of its products
uaea the skins of rab b ita , which are a bi- product of the fur plants
aDd alae othe r refuse materials . Their shellac! is 111t.nu:faotured
wtder a aeoret proce as .
l!cth glue and shellac! are used in large quantitin in
Danbury in the manufacture o:f bate . Gl ue is also used in the
IIUufacture of paper boxes .
In the manufacture of bats lo.rge quantities of denatured
alcoho l are uud for "cutting" shellac . This alcohol afler uae
is sold to the .;olTenta ReooTBrf co ., and r eclaimed at their plu.t
hera. I!; meane of certain processes the BJ.oohol waste of the bat
p l uts is purified and turned into useable mate r ial ags.i n and
then resold to the bat makers. It is called re- denatured alcohol .
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0Ter twanty barrels o:f denatured alcohol tU'e used daily by
the hat lli&Du!aoturillg plants in Danbury . This d emand would a ..m
to make possible the 4eTelopment hero o:t: the lll&Jlufaoture of
denatured alcohol .
Alcohol can be made from a 't'ariety of products . Denatured
alcohol ie simply spirituous a.loohol subjected to certain chemical
treatment makiDS same poisonous and unus~ble ao a beTeraa;e t
DeJSatured alcohol is usually a combination of wood and grain
alcohol 1D. the proportion of one part of the :former and te::1 parte
of the latter .
The !Ul!.U:t:a.oture of wood alcohol in Danbury is entirely logical .
4 su:Uiohnt sup~ ly of native bard woods is aTailable i n the Tioin1ty.
Jood alcohol is deriTBd through the distillation o:f birch ,
beech, ash , 1114ple and oak chips. The products of hardwood distillation
consist o:t: 82 per cent of wood alcohol , the balli.Ilce of the products
being charcoal and acetate o:t: lime .
•
J. large nunber o:t: such h ard wood d istillation plants are
looe.ted in central new York . There is one at stamford , vt .
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Th111 cha.rcoal and ac etate of lillie are Tal ua.ble bi-pr od.ucts
ot such plants .
Gr a1D alcohol ia made :fro111 a Ynrict,y of producta . In :tact such
al coho l , kno;vn as methyl apirits , can be DUlde :from any r.w.teri:U.
containing a sufficient amount of starch o.rtd sugar eubatonce . Grain
or fruita o! any kind are used. Sren corn ooba can be utilized .
Potato e s haTe be en found an e:uellent III.Q,to r ial fo r alcohol production.
F or th i s r eaoon Danbu:ry , with its large aYailable farm production
s eems t o be a Tor y faTor able location for alcohol manu:t:~otu re .
!'or enry per cant 1-ft of at ~roh in potatoes the1 shoul d y i eld
about 1 . G a;all ona of alcohol per ton . 011 tbill basta a ton o:f
Copoc:tiout po t ato oull5 should produc e 25 &;all ons of alcohol.
Cull p ot ato e s in thia oection , oth erwis e th r own &WIIIJ , abottld be do-
lin red to a :fac to r;v at ~5 . 00 per t on 11hich would i:lw.k.d the raw
mate r ial :for a. gallon of alcoho l cost about 20 cents .
In Geroa.."ly pot a t oea are almost the only material uaei fo r t h e
manufnotu:re of industrial alcohol .
•
Danbur.7 ll'OUld be il.!l excellent looo.tion :for the manufacture
o:f dye- stuffs the developam:ent of thie induatry be i ng mad e pro!itable
a nd possible throushthe oeeaation of illlportD.tiona from &lrope .
It !Iii pOSSible that the &a& te.r Which is bi- produot o:f the
~:;:: g:r:0!~! ·3~~~ ~=1~~: ::n:..~~;i:ff~~i: :~:-i!rut!a!~~atry
which ia now used ae :fuel at the s:as plant ttout:h it would oeem
to ban :fa.r too great a Talue to be used :for such purpose . Cas
tar eu.ob as thie 1a used aloewhere for m:lking creosote , roG.d oile ,
tar paper , benzol and menthol . The two last ruu~~e~d products a.re
basic materials for the production of dye stu:f:fo.
,7a.ter gas tar , while thinner than ordina.r;v coal tar , contains
:;{h~ie:e a!:m!n~~~!!!!:~n~~~ 8 ~~~
::.nb~:z~:d i: ~~~o~n~~ ~ith
1
8
coal to.r !or the production of the refined products required in
dye stuff IIZ!l.nufa.ctlU'e •
•
~1 gathering the coal tar b;r-producte of Tarioua £&B works in
new &nsland to one centrlll point like Danbury , ouff'ioia:lt materiel
would be aTaila.ble to warrant a dye- stuff i.Ddustr;v. A etudy of the
pr esent status of the d;e industry 1n this country is made on another page .
On following paaee also are r ejiewe_
d certain olaasifioutiona
of the ohemica.l produote induetriea . A larse DWIIber of these
ohemioala , lloide a.ul'l drugs oould be ms.nutaotured to Q.d"f'ants.ge in
Danbu:t.V •
•
�~~tho~
•
Indus !'Y.
~be 111108 o .... t:llkl\LI.i.Ctu:...·u or production tlw
:Juld be
included Wider this ge.tore.1 bond are eroc.tl.y divoroii'iad CJld
oi"."ht be clo.oaifiod i:... tho :follo;.inr, '":roupo :
o;ood diot!llc.tion
Co::~preacod or liquefied rcaea
Sodr.a und codiUD. coopounda
.ntricultu::·al Cheiaical .c'~:oducts
Cyanides
?1:.:. ;ics
Alu.....a
..;o ps
E.lectrica.l Cho.:~ioul P- oducts
.de ida
l11scel1Wle lUS Che ..lical l:'roduc;;s .
Uo serious s.tte~1:1t could bo o::.de ;.!thin tile coops of this
Surve;.• to enter into c. det,.iled atudy ::~i' these yuriouo linea
of co.nu:f'~ctw_.e , but following 1st of minor cle.ssif i oe.tiOnB uith
the urod.uotion in the United States in 1914 will be of interest .
17ood diotille.tion 101 lllC.nts
•
Crudo ""d nloohol ,
:Refined "
"
Aoete.te of lit:Je
Chnrcoal
Tw.'pentine
""cetone
Fome.l.dehyde
,.cetic Acid
wood ¢reosote
Rosin 1:: t~o.r
,l~alo
7
6 , 21 5 , 727
"
164 1 403 , 854 lbe .
39 , 184 1 475 bu.
575 , 555 gels .
Total .
,:;10 , 230 , 322
.lnl>..ydrouo a.:.Ulonill. 1
Cc.rboaio acid r.:.s
llitroua oxide la.U(..ninl
~;:en
Hydroc:on
Chlorine
Cye.r..aren
Liquid .i..ir
I!itrogen
":"a.S
104 , 135
-rotnl sodc kr::>ducta
SodiUI:l Den::oete
"
Bichror:ate
I'hoapi.ate
11,824 tono
15 , 397 "
ltd ,049
20 , 263
Sili~o.te
Sulphide
Sulp,;lve
Salt
24 , 505
Glaube~·o
•
lento ,
16 , .>59 , 789 lbe . ~3 , 140 , 848
50 , 4-~5 , 779
"
2 , 529 , 685
17 , 837 1 908 gu.ls .
213 , 099
l0'.i. , 714 1 321 cu . :t.l , J£9,'145
. 1 ,569 , 05.3 " "
10 , 671
12 , 217 , 000 1ba.
472 , 836
Sod--S c.nd 3od1UI:l ::oo"Ou.'lda 68 'ltmta .
Dicarbannte of soda
90 , 109 tons
CnuDtic oods.
:?.12 1 539
"
Sal soda
105 , 5n
Soda uah
:.:95 , 305
Bors.x
25 , 501
"""
2 , 709 , 369
2 , 13U , 909
2 , 507 , 903
191 . 183
1 , 790 , 000
Cocr>>rossod o:.. '11· :zo..'led Gusos - 133
•
VW.ue
.jr,brrS' ,aao
3:.llt ;::a.ke ,
fleshing 00t:J! )W1ds
1
)0 ,4{2
1 2 , ~l
';1 , 439 1014
6 , ~57 , ;Jl4
1 , ;310 , 449
10 19!55 1945
~a:J¥~:J~~4
61 ,408
1,125 , 398
853 , 528
1 , 048 , 854
516 , 644
612 , 728
316 , 3JB
1 1556 1551
841 , 887
204 , 230
�JJJ
Sodium cea•rui-c&r .onuta )
"
•
aoet· to
)
bro:;dd.e
)
iodine
)
fluoride
bioalp::ate
l
l
citrate
)
)
)
dt:~uide
o::c.l Lte
278 , 685 •
·''
COl. leta Alrt111~ors ---- -4 , 488 , 565
n
- - - - -1, 116 , 739
•~o. iated
Supe:- p;loepfu...~e nd
•
oom~en<rated fertlli:.e.rs - 1 , 760 , 290
other iert111::ers - - - - - - 1 ,049 , 305
C;anidos - 6
~oua
"
,..l>l2 , lll5 , 786 •
24,344 , 271.
"
16 , 145 , 059
15 , 279 ,031 .
-1<:. .. o
- - - - - -16 , "~50,225 lbc.
l'roductton
~2 , 398 , 674 .
\aida of ell l'i .do .
•
Sul,>hurio (194 nlante)
4 ,047 , 675 to11e
lJitrlo
{52-pl:nta)
78 , 589 "
Sul·hurlo-nitrio (37 '.{lln.t:to)
112 , 124
!.oetio
(13 'lanta)
75,303,375
!be.
:Boric
(5 plc..::r~e)
8 , 590 , 5ll
Cttrie
(3 -;,lanto)
2 , 729 , 943
Bydroi'luortc (9 ph.nts)
7 , 209 , 248
Uuriatto {31 plur.ts)
537 , 167 , 882
Oleic
( ,• _le-n o)
23 ,187 , 579
:Phosp;..or1o(7 )Jh.n~s)
12 , -.ZO , l~l
S~ec.rie
(10 pl .nts)
l4 , 900 , 1V9
(5 1 l..B)
853 , 830
Te.:mio
Fatty
Elee::riouJ.l;r :'r:)dueod c:.o.•i;;:als - 30
~~~hi~~ate! d~~~~!1
5
c ..us~ ~~:a( 5 o::;~;.!~l o
aL
1, 5n , &~5 •
;., , Z04 , 4.,Q .
1 , :.:72 , £94 .
588 , 981.
1,516 , 336 .
325 , <::4.0 .
1 , 34l , lOS.
l , J01 , 3u3 .
68(.. , :...39 .
1,2 :!,492 .
287 , 1 2 .
zo , r7..: .
lc.n~a
7g:m·t~:l8
1 , 131 , ..)1( ,
1 , 714 , 037 .
48 , 063
2 , 309 , 511.
,
o ·1er llOJS (7 :plan~o)
and l.rydro-on !5 Ln~a)
.luminUJ:J , ooJ.oill::l ourilide ,
abrnsirea , oleotrodoe, sod' UJ:J
nnd aodiUI:l peroxide , }!hOB!>L•orua
silicon , chlorine , e .rbon bi sul:0111de . J!IUl"il tic acid (17 1lc.nts)
Perro
•
·J 15,305 , 133 .
O:~>:Yt;e.l
C , B59 , ·~02 .
366 , 441 •
21 , 578 , 062 .
.:Uuma - 19 pl"'lnte
l.lu::tinum sul wte - - - Alw:1 cake
Conoentr!.t;O alum - - - Burnt el.um
l'otaoh lum
Soda •-lno
l'orue c.lw:l
Excelsior LJ.um
l'ee.rl alum
~0-iUJ:lal.UI:l
Chloride nllUJ:l!;t".uJ
•
142 ,458 , 000 lbs .
22 , 338 , 000 lbo .
42 , 562 , 000 lbs.
Z2,629 ,000 lbs .
l2,765 ,000"lbs .
13 , 995 ,000 lbs.
1,:..77 , B3U.
£51 ,18& .
u40 , 730.
364,656 .
219 , 960 .
254 , 477 .
55 , 985 ,000 lb:J.
U0:.9 , ll6 .
�_ la1WJ v:d'o
tor uur~fier
~·
•
Sods. tllJ1:
·• u
Bleachinr powder
Cs1oiun T.r· ide
1<:
oda
".r:JO:lni£
:aloiw::~
nitrc.t&
Celoiuc o;;rnnir:tide
Wbitlne
Ttmning liquid
.?at ~aD. end rota.solW:l
Salata - total
(39 pl:...:::~ ;a)
:;~·ilJle lloteah
~
l'otusai= cur~on te
•
2 , 802 , 225 .
Iodine
"
)
Citrate
)
Acetate
)
Silicate
)
8 , 065 , 150 .
Coo.J. tr..r distillery :- daots (40 __ c.;u .a)
Cher:tio!lls c.nd . ~·epc.r. tiona iror:t
7'/4 , 350.
oonl tnr
5 , 805 , 212 o-...u~oa t, , 738 , 335.
Alkeloido
1 , 300 , 052 llJa.
~05 , .:.64 .
~-I .acetate
1 , 333 , 9 ... 4 "
2:..5 , 317 .
cr~oro::or:m
278 , ;16 .
2 , 120,082 "
;;t;.:er
...91 , 658 .
28 , 817 o:::: .
Cold e;:.lta
563
,
238"
84.6,
059 .
2
,
Silver ~al~a
365 n
6 , 998 .
?lcti::lW:l Belts
'l:horiuz:J
•
4 ,094. ,92730 , 614 .
19,007 .
1 . 2-~4,051.
Potassilll:l nit:-~to (ac.ltpeter)l4 , 740 tone
Cauetio r-o-:c.ah
)
l'otc.nsiml biohrouo.te)
Chlorate (po~t.alJ)
)
oor.~
.. ounna ,
::-o.diuc , u:ranilll:l end
van:::.dilll:l
Vanillin
120 , 619 lbs .
A~etona (8 pla."l~O)
10,~25,817 lbs .
Aoe.ate of liue (78 _lnnts 1U4 , ·k83,854"
'!t!Ot>.iU.':l salts (ohl'lrlde)ll,5ll , 93<~< "
"
"
(s tl : '.. e) :>,0~6 , 616
acett.to
)
bUl
·ice)
O!:.l",JU .;e
OG !:.::.~e
pic::-:.to
ua c.r:lJ.;lOJ!in
Blll'iw:: &alta
(o\'1. :J.C.to)
Copper sdto
{blue vitriol)
Cros.c of .crt r
( 13
ta)
a·l.;a (1:..
w .. o)
Ji'or:.aldohJdo (3 .1 :10)
Glycerlue {crude)
Ir.:~n aulpa.c.te
;::pao::~
Sc.l ta
:Parr::~~
"
( COplJGl"c..G)
"e
l , 3aa ,477 .
5t5 , Zlr .
1 , 099 , 589 .
2 ,138 ,899 .
641 ,040.
211 , .314.
)
)
200 , Ol.
)
35 , 544 , Z.:o6lbo .1 , .1;.. , ;..JO .
18,,78 , 000 ,,
<;;j7 , ·::.15.
J7 , 162 . ~51
1:: , 6·!6 , 11::0
29,266,115
8 , 126 , ::.:7
16 , 560 , .. 20
"
"
"
"
..
92 , :7G , ~;;J "
l , ,J8 ,9<' .,.
3 , J. ..
, \J~- .
C96 , 999 .
U6 , 17 ~ ·
.. , 27!3 , 5::.6.
33~,772.
~e\
chloride
nitrate
oxide
tt:.ncston
•
v:m C.nto
)
Lec.d a 1 -s {a.r~~mnta) 11 Jl 1n:a 8 , G41 , S56"
611,688 .
"
"
(other)
4 , 394 , 873"
523 ,86:3 •
...tercurle.J. auJ..;a
605,701"
51>3 ,02 ... .
·tokel s lta
409 . 58'1
157 ,149 .
Her cake (31
(.6 , 143tona 31 , 5uo .
�r o:r
~\l.
..,.
•
lk
. ur (ro ... !.Jod}
a l;;a
i
z
10
anl~s
_orra~·ed
Soft soap
GlyoeriJle
Cl:.1:9t1
·1 , 051 , 320 los .
,;il , l<.iO to..1s
, :;~1 . ;..39 lbs .
<i0,760 , -16 "
~3 , ..:,.a , OCD
93S. M7 , uOO
_4;. , 524 , 000
111 , 063 ,ooo
169 , 926 ,000
307 , 744 ,000
97 , 746,000
57 , 00.2 ,000
... ti ,419 ,827
1ba.
lba .
1bs .
1ba .
lOa.
l.bs.
lOa ,
1bo .
l.ba .
-100 , Gl.J .
l,Ll, ~o .
2 , 028 , 5ll .
1 , 130 , !15!1 .
104 , ;.>00,5-a-::.
1 , 697 ,424.
7 , 5!13 ,·123 .
PI ~tics - :.4 olr.zLa
2yro!d.en - oollUlold ,
fiberl.:~id , viaooliod ,
xylonite , ato .
Rubber oubetitutou
•
.Al·tifioia1 silko , otc .
8 , 876 , 509 .
428 , 605 •
4. , 5!10 , 670 •
l'he locati'n o:r t'1e _rincil)C.1 !'a';'l mo.terio.lo fro.~uo:ltly deter minoa tho loa tion o, cleuico.J. products .•L-:.11oa .
Tb.e r~·..· oaterlala uoad in tbe I:H.>llui'ecturo of SOiJS or ~ll&oe
cheCJioa1 -.roduoto
o as fol1oi7S: for a.J.cohol- -;;,aoohurine me.terinl.& such eLU i':rui ta, O.Jl?loa ,
b8!1o.nnu, rB!JeS , •r ~a , nec.ohos , ,.Jearo , pi:Je.e.pplea, toc;;.tJoo ,
wuter .alone, gt.\'8 , co1a::JSaa , OU(!t.r boots, a~ur os..ne , sugar oorn
oe.-mary wastes . Staro!J;t ::llL erialo such Q.S h .... rl.e;. , uel:::e , o ta, rye ,
sorrh:.li:I , seed , nbee.t , llrti.::hoXe, c'-aaava , po .at ass .
Ak.:JOlliUI:l SuJ. ate
Yoaot Jnl.e
::lulphttric aid
•
:'Oii .. ~roc.
~u~nd _·Jri~etl
3r1..wtoue
Pyr1v08
llltrc.te at soda
E'OJ '!?'3.,'.1LI:.,.=.
Ji:.ll:l.O.Jideo
Cotton aeed ~a~;.l
,nl:a a
Fish
u;uor.illl:l , 11ul 10.te
Cy&.nacid (ll, 1e nitror,on)
r.ttrate o ... Soda
~
?hoa:ohB.to rock
,Bone
P',.rritaa
Sill J·ur
llaaic ol
G"""o
talnit
o :.oh
Sul C.c.te o! po.ash
ua. :w:e sal to
i.lur~ate o1
•
�JJu
•
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
::111lo the _.1ropor~ion of ~he ~ber a:f' . ersn:o e::~:ployed to the
coount o::: .be J, >i';;t.1 ir.vest d is leso th:::.n in "lO. t i~dusorleo , yet
auoh industriee ~t\!l be oonsi.>~red desrre.ble . ll8 the a:-ben n::-o v:ell
oo.id and '.;ho !ndus.rles re e1ue:...ent a.nd o..:::f'er osa~bP i-: · oe :::or
i&rA;o ..'uture devolopme!lt •
.At the oO!.l;;.enae:::e:.t o! ,.he ~r.Jpet:.n :c.r , t11e r ifichcl d. e
stu.ff 1
str; 1::1 this oou.:1try r:e.a in lte inftm:::· , •~o::-c boln~ ~nly
6 flanta t'.8Jui' oturing oo&1 t"-r ;9roo.uotc to the orlellt of S , ::SOO s!lort
tons mtun11y.
I- or.a roc ~u-o:1e a: ounted to 25 , 700 short t:mo l::J1ua11y of
'r:'hlch 22 , )00 t !lB -;;ere 11 ·orted froo Gor ..:e.ny .
he
.n'J. .1 oono ·. ti.Jn of o;. thotic colo~ L~ t 1e uni~od
la UJrr.rdo of .29,000 short one , the extent of tha oo.la::~ity
·on .. he in,o:-to ..:rJo Gaman ;;ere et.ut ~i'f oen be
relldil. aeo1t .
Ao
Jt!
~ao
to vu;;-
•
indus~rica
TtlO
ort ·e · u d~·oc ro ·~tLe; fr
tho ::::Urol'Ot~~ 7/o.r ffo..Jtod
!) , 353 textile oetnb11sh::Jo~.a . , ,728 1es;:.no:· ... <..:.:'lu;o'actJ.rL~; lo..nta ,
2 , 439 ~: !JOl' :.:illS , 791 )C.i:~'l;
,d 'i;,..l".u.~~h 1 :J~C , a.:.d 119 ink c.J.J.D- ecturOl"6 .:.n ~d.l.tion ~o e L.~·
L ·,e::- 0.1. ... inor .dustrios , 1:~c1udin"'
.ufe.ctu::t·e:·n of
hate , _m·o , etrc:w t':'Or:.::, uood .:~r•• , eta .
AD
reaul
..
·!.e
:o~·t
1:1' dyes ,
O);:JSi. lreb.lo ~Ul.lbor of
neu d;>e - .r.u.!.'e.ot ·rinpve ~·ru... "-!! o..nd !he eituation iS
FTa.d.U!.lly being relieved t
:1. u e:;.:to:~:t b:; ;he in:!::.·oa~cd l•l':lduc .i.on
• tl.e ~orioe.n .-ye "!"lduata, £1t:.o ~he eh.n-tll£e cc...>::.not be .ully
applied Z::>r -;:en: ;·oa.:·~ to co
&nd i:.e:·e in eo.,.J'l or,port~:.!ity !or
the '1o·:olop ... ~nt ::J~ ddition~l :I~'e ~-:,;u£f ls.:.te and for eeellr noo o!
tho suoaeoaful nd ·r>fittLble oror:>..ti.J!l :f SBI:l.e .
Up
boen
.t~Ut
'!;Q
¢Ve:=~ber
:-& :d.~.., L•o~·•
cr·~m
;,e
o::"
1915 ,
d::J:..ostic prodli.JdJn of d,;e a~;n'f ~
'.; ....'.; tioe ~he e.pprJx L ~e ;~nthl: out •ff ll, .... t::;
e es :!:olloo:s :
aa =
a .. ::
ol
'l'01J~<Jl
•
~lol
llo.pthuline
Phonal or
o-r.,JO. ic ncid
7500 sl:.nt tot:s
1 970 ai·o:·t tone
950
n
"
12500
10000
UnfortWlo.tolJ , ,he de. :d !or
,e_ol , bent ol , and toL1ol, to
be aood ln bo . ,, .u.!nature ot exp::.oei voa , 11o a been co
at yhc.t
tho:•o han been r.-o. t tlii'flc'J.ltr !.n oecw:L_ ono;.;.-h :lor the >ro~o:-.t
an. :l.i'noturi,
l1
s Pl'Oduoi
oo~.:.l -t .. r ·
c~-ood' to .. .
-·~u.;;, .Jt;..::
d~ ~El
ro
'
•
.
in t liB
. .!it:; .
�. :: . Ji .y, (
•
J.dh
l& ,
f
.1a o: .. a:~ 1 o
rl.:s
It is
.r<.i:; d in
oele
1
of
d'tnn , I ~ - . Gra..u e , ~ · . (L.i .d. a,
e
.1m:) . "he
1; ndu iJn J...
.ilL
13 , :>0
rQD&ntol , .,:,- , :>00 _ and e .
lene ounds ;
~
{&l...ii.e) ,
.m.o~·d. ,
tbetic .o Jr ..:o . 3
cks.:~:-:o
The
10
I. (
.:o ,
oillor , _,:::g :>rout utroet ,
?e.u1
lliddloce:z:
•
ili o Oo . ,
L~
·a ,
.~,.Jla
~erth
•cola ,
:oy (:l.o .i:J 1 Jo ., l'o:·th .....:..1boy ,
~bo:; ,
T.
.iline} .
J ., (
_rodu~-:.a
. .; . Coc.l--= r
ct·t....
~o . ,
(.:;.111-e} •
Co .,
86
(>Q
.i'orre~O..
at .;.d .. troet ,
lluto;cr lrth Ju.:son Jo ., r:.rr:::.r:: ,
. '!.
J 1 t~ ,
ret , J&r;JO;T, t:; ,
w
.. he Ji.o. -o~l ..:o . of .:.•e:icc. (I;:c) .•o;.;:i ~to l d,
320 r o:ldw y , au Yo~·k J!ty (aniline) .
- .l&
rovi -
,
(llJ.•flino) .
d .
~-
ili!!e) .
d!.:.~
r! ... n , .:.;Jd . , (ll!l.iline) .
(~.ilUo) .
3e;rdol
.o:m. ., (
n:o ... il:u.l or:.::s, 5.::il l':rOJsve;1 )r
•ll.!..,e) .
.
J,
• : ., V-:f!co -
. J . (a .il' :e)
ell
t
.d'U'd
1-
•
..,e. o ,
"·
.lori,on::ol)
.,
Sohoo l L•~p:r
ili.~ o
of'fioo 100 filli
tL'ld or-t J. .po"·t
; he
t :reot ,
tJ
o
'll
~r.~s , .1,L10 . , Bu.t
,e"\7 ··or!: .:it;r .
en· .:rod .
·
.lo ,
s
_JtJ.s llr 1oh.
• y,,
:-.e ola.ast
It ·.: a or-
dtf~~~~ .ir. d;;~~~tlf~~~or ri~ o;~o~ire;! 110~:f ..~;~u·J.-1 ~:1; ~~O ;he
cott on to:":tila lEla , b•
lndastrte:· .
.lao ,y eilk: , "\7)0.Le:
thor
l. .ina
Jho..,lo&l ~·or::a , 100
or::111 voilll& ,
rool::l~ 1 ,
"! • ... lla ,
a ·- hit: oOJ~
, o:a:. loteQ 1 · J:.:..1e
... ns ,
e vor.i e::~o. 1 e . I'u
.: __ ;:t .t.:o.
1 _. 1 ··
ot:r
.. .
oo 'r' a
of_e~·e-_ ti IL~ ~ ':it::::.r=;:-~a a""!:~~~~~
f!oa , 5J.
•
~o . , .... o-;;-•. rl; ,
. .. .
...u.:.: ..:tu:. .u .
.. traet
tl
ar
lt
~he Co:l~r 1 D';oatu..::
! :: ... e
all b:-
.. ~i'toa:~~c~~O~
o
, •.
ad !or
C.)l ~-
1.
·s
e:~
vcle~
:·;. .
:c .
o
o! d;;e o.:.u ... e
�J lO
o,
. J, .
\
e 1
to
'lo
•
no
·•o~dernl
Dyeetu:ff 11: .::i.eu1 , .::o . , LLl~ o:rt, .. e .n. , ->f:i:loo
• Y . ~it;-. J:'hio co. '"'"· or .i::<Jd 1 O<Jt":lbor
e..1 - .ori:::erl CG.!Ji a1 ;:,f l5,JOO,OOO, pl B or tte
r• 'tior. o:· sove"t!l. ·l8.!'l.ts in di..:..:or<J:.
ecw .. o~s .>f the
30 l'in& st:~te ,
1916 ~ r.ith
~::!!"
C)U.:lt,•" .
:.o
ovoted ~o the
•
:f'l.~·at _l
.i..lw
radtl.Ction
Gt TII!f,;S!Ort ,
n
L.r e
!o __ , , io
l~ 01,7
onle o ... eul hur blaok .
• ••11. t:ain & Co. , treat .:::w.rlo::t;m , • V . , O!fioo, 6·'4 ~l·eo:. , ioh Stroot , IT Y. Jit.7 . .;.'he recently OO<.lutraotoU .. ot rj of llll
old O...'ld 'l'Oll loto'l7n inporti.:g l!ouse !a oiliei'ly devOtlld to;~ tiho
:u.."l.u.:aoture of cul J.hur d:-es - bromts , lUld Ollllec~all;r 1111 aur
Lol:. .
l:o llot7 .:he. loo.J. :Jo. , .!.dland, .ich . Th!a 0(
up n ho
ufcoturo of
nthetio indip-o .
~a
o. b rkod
1he
terioan Jooper<>dt>e Dyee E.nd !Lo ... ioul Co . , 946 Drexel
'9uild1.., I'"il del :ill , ?c. . Thia co::r~e.,~ 1. evot1n ita
t- .. ti:Jn at l:.e o· ·cot t:J t~-'e Ol.!.:l..:_~:lt·•rc ot direJt b1aol:a
tor oottona .
he n ed Seo~t tie a D
and :::.eoio<l.l ::o • • 1111. in ~n, Del.
Inoor o t
Deoe~ber 11. 1915 . _ut .:>ri::ed OU!)ital 5,000 ,000 .
D •ring- the 1 c 50 ;ou. o c. .. oo. - :-ovo
a been :f'!eoted
~
o rt :J! d ot. .
Vo ota~,1;,
e::: ..:or... erl. lUI& , _1d a _e ~£ the
8..:1i::w.l dyes l1 ·e oJhinolo ~C wl:e onao cine:· 1 1 0!\,..3 ,
v all
b&Ol. d!.a_l J<:d o:J :.at ly or in _-::-oat part , b• tbe roa ts o! s.·r.l.etlo ohe.1!strJ - in i) '·or ·o:::.:c, ~e !:daptc.t m o! t.ue bt-· rJcl.uots
of coal- a:- .
·
•
.ho ,.aited S
es :.o., N t.:les 125 nilli~n .nllo _:J of oa.l- .u.r
ll.'l.llually ar.d ith til
"-'~ou..:t!.:Jn of l'j.;'\7 aterl.-lo e.c c. ·al.&!s , thoro
is o ranson ~~hy ~he deve1op.-s.:. of tho bi - ...-roducte ou.:mot be i'ull.7
l;t.& c.a 11011 c.s i!l Cor ... e.uy .
.. :..a avora~e ooc.l- ~
:;io ds mly 6, o;!'
tcrir.ls ·se.:ul to lib.C color i:.d\ <Jtry .
tl.CCJ!='•PliS:.ed .
CJa :· ry ~o ¥0 ~- ~- J.~ci iJn , t .o lo~_ti
o..
1 ~'lt -. c.fo.o ;;ul·in dyo
\~.fa .100d ,,ut ne.Je:Jurily bo djuuo:lt to
nocr tUPJll;;:
of .JOrl " :.1· , c.a tJ:o 11ro lOr~ t ~:l o~ r .tined oo.:J. w· l'!.'Jduota used in
~:.:o.uu...·:.cturin' dyoo to no o:::u::11 c.nd the relati vo iJ'l;lue EJO :..·oat in
!Jl'Ol)Ortion ~o ·.. et·ht , .;J:3t the elu ...ont of frotr;ht cost dooa no~
play so 1.· .,r~ ·"'"
~t in tile -lllnui=ture ot th~o ··rJduat ::<3 do
tho o'wiler ito1.1a of ;O!lt . rrevortl:..oless , e?on t!:.ou r. this di.l ere:1ce
of !roirht coats
:>.tor:cJ.a :_,~ ht be C.lnsldorablo , the .:;.d\';,. .t ge
of looati ~n e: l' ·a·., ::n·;:: io ~eater .. a tho ..:le~e of lAbor required
cannot be seot:rod or .eH. n he oo::::o districts .
a B\7 York is he 1., ioo.l
~· .... at 1.u!"" t a ro::"! eu o .. 1 ar
I-r:J'uota 'J.Sed In dye ca..u.;.;6.Qtur" , looeti:>:::: L
dJe tu.t! 1~1; 1o
lort::c.l in any at J: . ..te .. en _or::.: zona t.::~d J:.ls is ho ~ali.aon
S'l ..c.cy o:: tbe ·roee 't .'.!:lO!""L:an .Je ::... ·to h ..-a been ·1 t up in
!;er.r : eroey ll.""'d on Long Inland •
•
�J!l
one o"' the .o t
t Uy
~u.:r ~ te
a; illtle
bl!lak , ··l·:ah c:Jnstitutea
lJ:.r[a fT:J,tJ;J::ot'O!l ~- be d;,e tui'f'
Cle.~ •
iline ityeh c.: be ol eeod C.B a f nlshe.,
0 'B'J::OL in the o;;~u.ntry .
dye stuff nnd ::L l.r'"o
.·e of '.;!le e.nil!;:o no..- :.e!.n used 18 . .:"0 -
•
~~oQ!e;.:r , t~i: :~~;3e ia!~~e~;~:!~e 1~~~~!:r~ 1 ::sr;~s~ ~~~~~ t
0
loteresti
.. ec.ture 1.
·le evolution Jf tl:ls e.nlJ.ine if!dustr;r
1.1 the ncrr:JTJer conue of the tam - is the intl·.,du;:: .1Jn Ji llt.all
1 .1to for
::
ho oil , devised r..oro oarti'Juh.rl;:; for i:tsto.l -
or:..'B , c~nou:_·•
iation in text!le
roh.:.tivol:; 11-.ted a.,ow.ho ,
:tor the rJductl n o. a::~lino blcck. ...r. entorc.risln •. node .eland
fir.:~ , etlJ1.\l.;.£taturi
1.$olf considerable quant:.tios :Jf t;he .J1l ,
is nm inatolHn in
::.oue ;;extile ..;ills 1:-0..'1.... -!"d l ~s oar~'ble
Jf roducin t!.a1ly 100 JOuads ~r J:-o o! e..Li.~e . .>ue;l a la.nt ,
1H,~lt to
roG.!.t::Je 1')0 r u...da dtoily , CO!La i'N;';! vl . 500 to ..,2 ,000 ,
.... e eorvicoe o! a ain(le o_er-ti·;e are neede .. to oa..·ry on 1;:1e
tre.nefJr .. ·to o:f t.o:;uol i.ato e.n:Hne , r.ith oooc.aiom~ neeiete.nce
in the :JOvine of ho ·r; objecto . ~he OlJBTL.time v.nd tho e.wuontion o;" the requi:lite teeto ca.n be in"tru.ot?d '.;J u olin of ordinc.ry
intelligence , 11: thout ohe...ioal education . The ordinc.ry out}1ut is
85 pounds of a .. 111ne for each 100 tlounda of benzol euployed.
.nd
o.t ourre~~t rutea ior thie hydroco.rbon , it is :fOUild possible to
~~;u~~l~~!o~!b~e ~-i t~ ~~e ~o.f~;m q:t!~i~~a c~~~ll p~~ )~~g · fo;b1B
11
•
0
0
iocedi1;1te delivery u.nd of 70~' to 05,· f or eurly contrnct doli very
171tb1n t~:e o.et -~0 th tt7o textile o tlla ~:L.Ve contracted for
lur,·or plo.nte . OU.Jl&ble of furnishing 500 pour.do of r.niline daily .
The ~;;oat interostinl!' foc.ture to .lots in this del'ol
.eJ•t 13
tho octnblishr.lont rocent~ on our soil of tho co=oroic.l ll':Jiluo tion of ayn~hetic ir:diro . This :.. =utc.cture has been ru:en up by
one o: tho older Jhe ... ic 1 cro ... bias and with su.:ceoo . The daily
ou~"'Tlt r.ill soon re 'Jh .;, ,000 PJu.:!da .
liaturcJ.ly all that c.:m be
iie i , a old for ...- ntha ahead . :<"hree o~i'ler .r r.e~·ful fir"'.e e.ro
:::aro:tullj• stud;;'ing the JSS1b111tieo of :::t UJ. ctnrln
o oat
il:l)ortant dye ctu:tt.
'iTnen O!le refloats ~hn oha <:Tae.t nE difnhe" co __ W.:J on ~;he
.:h lB e::pend d .S ,000 , 000 on 1 ts indigo _ :.m." :1.d Jil .. :.e necosac.r
re ·euroil before a ainQle Jund w~s ·laced "J.!>.l., t,.a i.r.>:et , und
T-hen r;a tu' her C:l.lSlde. :_;;:. · L C.it; is 11_ n " .o free ll.:lt , tte
pluc~ c.nd o:.ter. rioe
OJ-:: ~ sated in this field ll& ~ot but
excite rut !r ~to . .
•
rule ,
.o ...1 .o .!1
'!
u. ad 'n the
r
llt!on of i.:J.ter.~ed!. eo J)uto: .. lnte tto
ru:actU!'e lf:.ter O!l of fi!l.ished dyes .
Ur . Edlsor. , r.tJ :1.:.: cLl:e such ..a nifice:.1t uor;~ in thin :rteld
by is .·a ·a O!" uni~ .~on Jf tne :roC..'J.ct1on on n e::tenoivo scale
of e:mthotio O<J.l"'uol1c c.cid and of· c.::ilino , do eo .1ot intend to
c:~nti!lue tho 01.:.t ·ut of the 1-!l:~ter e.~o::- tho cloce of tl.e current
;"~m" ,
!"lith this oxoo tiO.cl all of the nw3erouo i'iroo now ooou ied
vith the oB:!Ul'aotnro o:f ooal- t::.r co;o:poWldo are plrumilll to continuo their roduotiou along tho lines c.lroady tai~en up , c.nd t
:r-~~f:r~..~g~at~~d~f t~~~i~~ogn~;;o ~ ;~ ~f;a~~::~:;:r~i~iat:~i t. on.tror-1 a. reaeut rc ort
"Be..::o:.·e t11e d•;o.1t of
f:mlunlly about Z , !iOO
nt
:~clte .
In 1916 over , )00
BJil , ..?roJ:'.
.erioan coLI - ·.
•
Tho=s Ji , llorto.~ r.a quote the 1'ollow1ug:
this deplorable r;_r , ·a 1..1 orted
tJ.Je o;f c=:.ili.:;e oil Uld nnilino
t '.::J r.ill be
ufa t·-ed on .:.oerioan
r ;::.'udoe .
"b 1913 our :e. ·cc."l oolor .or~ l'rJduced 3 , 300 short to~e
o:f CJt:.l - ;~ culors , mcdo chiefly fr:~u Ger.:::C..."l iater ....edic.toa .
~; 0 ~0~~~~~5 , 700 tJn:l of .rtificia.J. dyes . 22 , 000 tone oo_ nt
�terio.la , by :.:: sriae.n 1 b-'r""
•
:.:he la.'.;eot over!l:;lent :-o o~- osti.x:,;ea t1~:..~ -;;ne -~ oria .. n oo::ts;,u;.,p
ti:m of :..rtitic!o.l d;:Te stuff a.: .. o11.;1to to i'iftGe.l .1 lion .:onere an~ly and tl.at the d:;a
t'J.it 'l:lt: bei.1 _::-oducod in this oountr;
D.!:loUJ.ta in ·a.J.ue tll over ·:.reo oillion doll&ra nn ell:; •
Thilc tl".e rovor~~:~t at ti:Jt!.ca tor 1914 show 25 e e.blie;~o.tte
otur111 JO!ll - r d~·os , :70~ it io to t>e notod hc.t over l/2 o:t
e w ou:1t l"enor'"ed by .-~·ious :...ir.:&a :JJ lOis 1d of dyca
de lurgel;
ro·. product a obtE. i !lod by t:tixin, or grinding ll"t!.!l~ic.l colora af
various origin .
~.ouau..
i':J.a bove ... ate..:onts eovt.rinp- t o coal - .~ dye industry is ,
ho ver , Jnl,;• a
rt of the t-ro<::e:lt dye otuft o.nd e::rtru..ot industry
in tho country.
Thora '"0 a.J.to -ether en god 1:: the oc.n:~. ... ectul"o of 3uah praduoto
133 o.;to.bllelu.,euts lJ. .;he countr;..· , .r.e.vin:- o. total prodacti:m vo.laed
t .. .21 , 341 ,000 u.u...\UIJ.ly .
In 1914 thoro \lfl.S c. .ndu<.ltion in tll.ia oo\W.try af 29 illion
)ounoa o:t log uood oxtr ... cta .e.nd ·1 , 500 , 000 PJU!"l.ds of fustic ext1·not ,
in oddlt1ol: to o lar··o a,:ot:..nt of other nood and va:·o:;able colora .
•
u.
Pollo\-:inr; io a list o.£ to aJ.
g . tor 1914:
roduction of dye ot•tf! in ~ho
lll
Total vtUuo .• . .. , .
• • • • ~20 , ;;76 . 769
D:·estuti's, Value ...... . . . ....... . ........ .. ~ . 7 , 112 ,490
natural dyostui'fs, nUue ..•••....••. . .•..• ..,1,865 ,835
Loguood:
POWJds • • · ·•·••·• ··••••····• •· •· · •.•.. 28 , 989 , 96~
Alrn;~~Q;:- ;;i~~ ·: ::: : ·: ::::::::::: ·· · ·.)1~~~ :g~;
•
Artlfioicl. dyeatui'fa , clue . ...••..•••••.. , .,5 , .246,655
Synthetic, or ~o&J.- r ,iyoa,
iac!.l.:di.ag inter;;~sdiu.tes nd
W1duota rosa: tina- froc tho
blondinr of io orted colors :
~~~:a .:::::: :: : ::::: •::::::::::::::: - ~~ :~~~ :~~~
llina; l colora or dyoa , such c.s chroco
yel l o01a , o:rnnr:;o or ,:-=osn ; iron buff ,
l'ruasian blue , ultre..unrino , eta .
~~~~B .: ::•:: ::: •::::::::::::::: ::::: 4~~~5 : ig~
To.nnin. ~~~:+terials , value • • • • .•.......•.•...... ,j7 , 6U8 ,0£7
Chestnut und orJr ext.· ...ct :
~~tu~s .: ::::: :::::::::: :~ :: ::: : : 3~ :g3! :~~~
llo::llocl: ortr ct :
~~~.:a .:::::::::::::::::::::::::::: :
Other tannin
•
e::tru:rts
~d
...;...tariala ,
17
~i~ :~~~
..:orde,1ts ,
~n;f:t~t~ :- ~·~d ·~1~~; : · ;;a;~- :::: ::: ~ ;~~ ;~~
.All otl:ar
roduots , ·:al\.te •• , . . , .••.. .. . • . • , •• J1 , \38 ,312
In 1915 over 68 , 000 to::J.s of dye .. ooQ.c l":"Ore b.u.:.rtad into this
cjwttr;v. Log wood 1a tho cayt r.idely tmod d'7o uaad nd !!.do up
over 6Ci , )00 tor:s of tho tov 1 in 1915 , cJ..,t Or it CO'.lin :f'rJ!!! the
Ca::ltral ...:er>.ct.n a~triee .
�•.d _J
Sevent;y :!"!.ver .or cent :>! ll.e ve.::;e"eble d:roo c~o ...'rcr~ lorr.:>cd
und the alene a froO o or
Jodo nach s ·:.oti::: , rod wood end Bra:il
t'i::lOd o
•
These tlyer
re nae:l. for ell
he ve.r1oue Jur osoa .. or
1 ch ~
other d;voo .·o ;.::ecd . In _act ili 1o :;:ta oc tr.!l.-:; .;:o
o or vee~
o .e:Qlo d: oa 10 nece~JS--r,• i!l conjunctior: 'th an11Llo dyo:::s to «:eouro
tr.o req_uiroil 1 stro 1d ril i~c;r .
All ot :o lo
ood t:md ot •. er wood!l used lU'o pur::hruJod tnrough
the tc~orters end Jo binr ::lw:Jos of :.:anhl ten -'"ld this City h o he
ad·.-w ,.,...o of onr l.lcetion ·o tho ...o.r.::ot for ren co.torio.J.s .
The noodo used in COJl~:!Cture a.·e grotL u 1n
and "''l t:r.oa oubJeote:!. t,:, o. boili!lg recess and tho
Uqu. d fora . Tho oquip;..e!lt of & d;re "llant of this
consists nil ply of rrinders end tan:rs c.nd wi,ilo ::rm
to tend cheso , 1 rge ::'loor sl,;:.co is .JOCess"'ry.
hoev7 uood trin6.e:a
Uye:J are sold in
.ind . ~herefore ,
~:~en are employed
In the J:lt'.nu!.e.o"'.. ure of ou.ilina dyes , the .·r:.n ,.;~.-teriul UDod ie
coal- ... r , •,;hioh is Bi1i~ ad L.r,·oly fl'OO t:r.a coke ovens o! the
rittsburg istriot ~
•
other !Jo~portc.nt t.ntoriula reqUired i'or tro£-tL1ont of tho coal.-tc.r
are Oul!Jhuria e.cid 0 nitric .cid tmd hydro - ohlorio acid •
The various ~rJueasoe o:f e 1ilino dye ~l:.llu:t'E.ctu.re :roduoe dyea ot
DJ.l ohadoa and oolora in po "''d~r or _e.ota .._·on1 . .: ple.nt of thie dud
ia pro.otictl.lly s. o):eJ..ioal laboretcry £.:.lid does not ro uire lar· e floor
npo.oe or oa.r.y om_loyoea .
~he oho. 1a"wa e.nd ·lye exr,ert::J e. loyod in theoe outablioh. o_ta
a.ro Jl~d very hich salaries nd the lonaat ·.uid lnb:)ror reooivee
!roD ;)12 to ·zo per r;eo.::.
~
Little o·.1er 1e required i ar a ilin.e _lan e.nd only n sa l l
tl1JjtL-:t1. or oporat1:1g tho Tia lrs · c. wood d, e r.jr::a •
•
•
�•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
'Z'ho :r..u-~ose of ,;h' a Su. voy is to eav b loh a 1l eie !or
l o('ict:.l e.ffoi-t to :1r0 ..10 e he develJpment and o:rpn.r.eion of tho
ve.rioue lines of industry o.nd oanufc.cturo in r::.nbury .
i-:tth euoh objeota in viett in relation to tho t:.int and vnrnlah
industry , it is nec:oaeery to ~.ake a generul study o:C the entire
indl.4etry to ascertetu the rels.tion of the city u.nd tte compc.rt:.tivo
efficiency e.s e. location .or ;antlfacturin. plente -roduoing the
v rious ~r-:Jduda rrhioh ttould be clesaified under the he:..d of
" int end vt..r..::iah . "
T':e
o·.·erru::ent
i'or n-::>':Tth of
ot.et~stice
he 1 dw'try
of 1914 , ....-ith .etl
d~ing
or cent , added
:be _uot throe yenro , indic.:.to
..n n:::.nuul reduction of 1XJ.int ll!ld v. :·.. ioh -rodu.o.s L the United
St tes £-ountinp- ~:. ·nJ.ue to 160 ,000 ,000 .
•
The andre '.:TOU:t of 1t1L1t e.nd YD.rn.ish .. lll.llt& re1'roseut a largo
vc.riety of finished ·roducta, e.nd euoh of thooo variouo _;~nus of
!tr"iluot :i'ottJa a trude group diatinctive in t itself . It '1'1111 there fore be necessary to o.Jneider oech of those <"TOU ,o of roducta
sepe. •tely to uocorta'
tho reh~ti:>n of Dt.nbury , to this industry •
There
o,..:.o 600 cor!JOr::.~tl.:::;S , .... ins Jr i:ldivid::.cls in the
Uni~od St~;.tes I:u"nu..u.oturiil{i
erious ... o!'tlEI of E.int rod:;.cta .....:;.d
about 00 ;..£.:1~::-..c"'lll"in v ruish :product:.:. :.;:...•..., of .he~wo :::o:::.,orc.~iolill
na.nu::acturo bot;t ·lli.1t and ":o.r-uish .
.:e Jrt o!ll; 8-.5
ctab-is.
ovor:.rue:J.t ::'iguroo
O:::l:e
r::c .
1he 1~14 G:JVorn:..ont oe;JB.tn Q~
.l.- c'.:u.ri.
! v s .he follJt;ing
otc.ti. tias 1:1 rol tion to "to •eint o.nd vc.r. ish iadustry :
:at&blish:.:.o:ttc , l'&port . . • ... .. . . . • . • 856
" of uhioh !Jr:odu"t le l. gely ,ufntG18
" "
"
"
"
" vuniah. 257
" n:1o~o _ .·oduct !'i s 1 r--el;· other
thtcn a1. t or ,•t.r-.J.lah ••••• , . •. . . 56
'O,&.l vll.l e o:.. atnt 0.:1d &::: .. iaL.. ~-od~,;t .
tn over 1909 - 16.9' •. . . , , . • ... . ..• . .••
•
PrOdiJ:~'~ion
;>f 1914- ola!>Sd'led
,049 , 820
::.1 , 577, JOl
Colors or 1 ants , • ... .• , • . , .. , .. •••• • . wl7 ,<:,07 , 9:Jv
Oil .-in.a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ... . .. . .. . . 70 , 5B: , .~.;l
rr ter _ci.ta
t:.l:.Hl-ine ••. . . . • . • • • • . • •
2 , 202. , 281
Vur:'li:::hoa & Je.pc.no •. •• . .. . . . •. ... .
J" , J61 , 203
:!i'illers , inclndi:-.
t1 y .. ... . ... .... .. .
3 , 239 , 174
Bleached oho1la.o . .•.•. , . . .... ., .. . .. , .
1 , 006 , ~02
Other produJt& . . • . . •. . •• . .. •••• •••• • ..•. 17 , 749 , 9·~4
J.he 055 esteblisl ell s
·ew
:~rk
.117
Ohio •• , ..•. , . .. J9
Illl:1~1a . . •.. . . 77
0'17 Jorse:r .... . 74
1·11 ?rn 1 c. • • . • 41
~lOSJUXi
• ,
0
fifty :n~:~ll.!l~f ~i~
W:ld llrooklyn ~ourtl1.
re~ortod
:et·e l"oc. ed
z.w.cn o. .::::ottf:l •.. • .. .3<
. • , •• • . 164
J.O~!lll,.l\'!:.<1!8
•
~49
a !o11ore :
. . . . . . , .. 36
4oh1 'llll •• . • •.• • •• 27
_
a . . . . , . , . . .• ;..5
Zet: ol::y •• . • . • • •• • 18
ella a:
::o
act lo-t . , . . 15
.. . - - 15
!.oo _sin , .. , . . 10
1!ar.lc:1d . • • . .
il
l!l.me~ot
••. .•. 9
.c.a . . . . . . . • • • ~
~ennesaoe
0
'...:i~:~a 5~1~~~o ~~m:t~~~, ;;~\n ~e~ ' ntc vi~r:V 01.
C1:::.so1fio tion !lf
i:1.t
ro
tion - 1914.
�J4i
•
i7hito Lc~d , fTO;.;..
i
i l (1ba)
Zino O".:ide , rnud in :Jil (lba 1
·.11 o· her ~:)U.ld 'n ' l (1 ,s)
?.eedy 1:..:od , 1,. :::n ( ~1s)
281
::
129
'.00
18 , 141 , -'..44
730 , 918
10 , 165, 19
34 , :.:78 , 989
,4.17 , 565
, 5D1 , -':,0
, l.i2 , G59
, 745,5tj3
~·od;tction
- 1914 .
S,n=~ity
____:V"'n"'ln"e- - - - ' - -
_
.;18 , 681 , :%6
3 , 060 , 4::!5
Ol eorosinoua v.r ishes (ge1c)
17 , 789 , 212
.r:~iahes (not tur~lO .. vine)
2 , 964 , 172
De..r.li:!Cr , turpe tine & be:J.::ine v r .. ioh 3 , 297 , 371
?yroxilin v •. ri!!.Shes
952 , 571
Dryir.., Jepc:.,s ..: lir::ers ( 1o)
6 , 560 , :06
Bultinr J_1)e.nB & 1 oq. r ( la{
4 ,688,!Jl6
•.J.l o .:or ;c.nllBhas
s ant...,
;.. , ()65 , 296
1 , 308 , 796
.3,015 ,967
2 , %0 , 356
4 , 148 , 617
So;.,c go oon erua .re L stod s w u:.. turcra of .tnt in the
:Sorou""h of :c:nh£-t<;c.n , but v~ry little ·cL.t is otually tllll'.U:.:eo tured L1 ....:an.l,_tt~'l . ~hare :ce 27 ;;~~ . ....Iacturir.g
ar.t:J in tho
:Sol·ou-h of ·l·ooll:l~-n . ··a::c.rll: , • • ~a only to:r. .
•
=::lhe 00
r:t:.iSh ind;•ot~·iea C:.t.::a.go
pe l"S "&0 le
:i th
over orty v r,.tsh JOr.oerns li::ted . L._"'lj. o_ the a l!.stcd rc
otfioos of jobbins houae:-; end t ~a lNbctlo that ::ow~l:: r:ith its
19 1Jlc.n::;o is -,;he 1c.reect ·r~du...:er of v r-..)iah at the proao:~.t tiee
1·ith the Borourh of ']rooklyn second uitb 10 "llilJta . S3oe fii't~·
·.-~nieh :;~llnUlc.~turers ere listed iu
a:th ...t a.n , but a in 1;be ct.oe
of nint , ooot of thoso ad~L-eosee 1.'0 .·cae."t Jf..:!.~es o:· w -e:.ouaoa.
Sooe O!.E;hty
followu :
di:f·~ere. ~
Cm:ric. o
.o.cpn"'
G'Sti.
OeilLJ :!<
)S:Jo:Jt " Oon~rete
Omoh
·
G)c.l uS.r
'.:Jold ...tor*
Co:p:por"'
Dru.\!1 :eaioting*
•
::rtn·"'
Dry .iner.:.l 'ri;Jders"'
Dryer"'
E-rth
Bt.D.:Iel*
El:j_;ort
E'c.ce
FD.:.lily
Ger:J.
Loud o:r
O;,;.ide of
Looo:.10t1ve*
:~i'
_ i,_
~s
:u
u....rine"'
e-::a11ic'"
~ine*
'ine:--al'
• eady Lixed"'
Oil*
Oil CH h
Oz.! de
Paste ..
I'l.le !'reae.·vi:~.
Re-t He::~tstiug*
liot .._:etcl *
llot ,.ater*
liOU-30 .".; .!:'O~i3h *
Eydr .l.lio"'
Ioo J<.l.Il*
I!.Sul ~i:1g*
D·.:m O".dde"'
Ir:m ~ .:>teal or
Jtruotunl.l"'
Iron e.ud ._.tool ;7 .irk
Crcti-t. "' .t'~·o~or>i b
Japllll"'
i:ihee_p Ill'
Shell:lc
s11:
di.Jg*
le
J .. :. •• no • .;o ..
::no
Silver
Sl .;e"'
3 ... o.:e s. ok"'
s~CJJ.d l'ix;e
Stof.tl _"roof*
Stru tu:rul
Tu..·U*
!r::~n •
Te.:~hinc:al*
:.:r:~of"'
::-re~ervation"'
"'ec;ode
··' diator
T~olloy .Polo*
W:::J.l*
,, ~or 0::~1or
,,, ;eruroo:f'
pod
::::orviuc*
-!Cilr:>~d*
.E.il17UJ 3ig .Ill ..
:1.00f
••Ubber iiro"'
~.-tU:..Bt:tu
e.r.d i'iroresi::;tine
E'l t 17cl.l
.Floor
CAs . older
ca1d1ng"'
Cold
Gra·.hito
._.e;:~i -?ut:te
Le~d"'
...ac~i:J.er~·*
..
v CL'i·Ju!.ee
i'L"o);Jro~f*
cro.rbido"'
C::.rbon*
.:r
od ....s
�,~c..
u.st ...'roof*
:~:l'.e::-e
•
this co· try
~e ... o:::t
<::l
~iva
~~~ere
•
.t .;:L .. a "-
.=.·•• 'oh
r
~od in
Ploor•
G .a Z:. ino"'
Cla.::ln •
.a:ou.oe•
Iuple·.en""'
Lo-d*
Linseed
LinoloUi.J nd
Oil::lotn*
Litho r. h.1-:dc.l.*"
·:hito.::ture.l"'
r:.1[!ture*
.ephnlt"'
utooobiloa*
-<~o .J ilaa*
Jlao.,
oat .:~r ;ari:le
r.:~uziuc*
c~binat
or :.:.r.ti t.re*
.;u.r or
ilro d
; rri roe or Ooa.oh*
ca... ont~
Clear•
::olor*
.,.opal*
~ix.in;•
o_aque*
Piaao•
!'riute:::- at•
! ·utin~t*
Dll!;lr:.r
E~g Si~ell FL... iah*
•
~vi
follo ·n;
rio~tu:al*
Cotton
_e
.;inc
.:: ..·oen,_
Elo.stic
!:loo ·rioel or
I~·J.l
tinr,•
ii!~~~;~~·
*
:iubbing*
Shelle.o*
Sonr"'
Stain*'
Str"•"Jturc..l•
.1.1::1 ?rl:tto. •
'l'rllllk*
.l €"0 orl.Ol stud o
o :t: ,_
nu.
ru.!.BL tr o in 1
es
e rece:1t 1::: c
&t o portw.o los for ro. o • g tho :·oiTth
1iit nd vLr ,tal. l.lduu~r...- in th.:.e ::1~;.
teat
of t .e
Ae 1n wJ
l.1. a Jf ind . .a r~· t.ue aint
d
r .... iah inCus try . (:S o..... ored .n cl.·a of J er .... ul e::.:: ~sl ,
:sh is 11;:ely to
-::ontinue for so. a t ...;.o.o . "!o\7
ulactu:d:lc ooupani oo e.:re bei1.g
lnoor.ore.tad and e.:-e uild'· g l&:lte , :md a· tcbll.ehod c:m:orns nra
revering e.nd ozpc..a.ding
auoh extent as to roqui:·o dditiono.l
o.:l.Jifl.Oit~· e.nd -;;he ro. oval o
lle t~: to ot :or looe.'.. !Jna ~r the orouti u
o. brll.Ilch l~ont:.: .
•
It is safe 'o L3Su: a taat
o .ore 1 t:.: ... t s • 1d thE.t
·o ecto.bl!.shod hel"fil, l:.o naier it w! l l be to aeou.re the looeti.Jn
he:-e o! ot or si-il r lante; ,.:>r soall o.) oerne ~.utecturlng o.i:1
OY.olusivaly do not'-~'-· te.in heir own ve.rni.eb le. a nd a ;;~Jnver.
l&nt .:~r setisfaoor;; a.:l~ e .,..: sa ·lj ia r:e:.:esear~ for tb.eir
sttooe3ebl o er._ti a •
.hie is 111
r£:.tod ln
IS
oc.:::_a of
e..-:ar..
nd
ri
Iiola ,
J:'ho :1rat naM od C t
is IlOt :my ,ore f vornble
liJO .."tii;,n
for vnrnisb ::uJ.n~c.ctura than Pa~oreo::t and ~·et :·o;-;ark leads in the
industry . J:'he .·oasJn ~~· bo O"..lld ls.r,:ely in .ho :t'c:o~ t;hUt the
urphy ·rcrnish Co ·)a'l:Y tmd a fow oti.J.o:· le.r- OO:loorue as o.bl!.shed
the:~olvetl ther o.nd
he BL'lllllor co:1cerns bave oi oe r-rovm up e.rvund
thea be in~ s rted b;-· lor or o 1!1loyeos of t<:.a i ~'--' · .l4 lee , or
located tt.ere boco.lll!e o... !::e r.:~ .... ine:-Ice --a
>e w:~e ::o-.;;;.r,;;: h s
-i:1ed in the trede , oou..
!Eiroby l..l. o:·e or lose "ro:!'lootad lor,. 'J
'l'he aa.w.a is ~r.:e to a l
a oxte:Jt of Jlevoland, s rel tea to
he c.int '.;rude . It s
fo to IH.;i h t
i!e lowo.tio:l oi tLe SJ:.ornln.illiaoJS p!a.;t :u Jlovel<..nd l1..:.a lU:.U ...~h tJ do ·.~ith tho lJ~ ~i:m of
O"tiher .aint 1
:a
·.a
CIO c•ty ,
•
17hewher the rvdu.:l ... of a laut in Vt;.r:liCh or uny of the v~rioua
kinds of ~!lints , t"I'IO i1.1_>or H.o ro.cto1·e e-v..-orn the oerit of 'lant
loo .tion , o.a follor1s :
12-
Cost of delivery to tho 1la.nt of raw cnteriuls fro:.1 tha
O")UXCO )f SU:Pilly ,
Coat :~d ~ 1. o .:lt do!i ver~ v:f :ZL.isb.eu. Nuuat to r.:~re
i~ ortc.:<t :olJ.~:l of o:iic ribt!on.
�P:· otioal1;r 11 of the r ...w c ~eriEu.a uaad '--' )aint :.nd vu.rniah
cn..u£n.atn·e :-e oi ho:- .:'to rJducte J~ oil refinerioo L:lld scolt ra_,
end flaY. oeed ~.~.·ushl
.!.ru .• o o::- ac L .. orte• :fr tl al oad or nr:lU nt
o t·:e ew .. ark .r~t l"J •,;c.,;o.· !')ll <:J;J.t ... er<l parts .
~G fa.::t t t na.~e o!: J;_e lt:.ree3t refinorieo af the Jta.ndc.l'd
Oil -:o . tl.ld l!lfi.DY _sud t.nd ::inc -r->Gl~cra ure lo"ated in the !Tow '{ork
zone .nd a t
ho oo st~;lee e.nd forei.:::o t.:-ade oe:1 cro in l:ow Yorj,.;;
t:JP.kes location in r:e !!or. YJr:;;: za :e !::lola;; fc:vorublo !rOD he etn::d"~X~int of c.coecei~ilit, to e.: 3 ::he.ap::ess of rew etor!.o.lo . -;:· e
li.'seed oil a~ le re.!ogn· zo t!'.o fact .;nu.
.07 c\W loc ~o !.n t· lo
icc.edia'te loco.lit~· · ec use o- ,;to --rvr;-in: do
d or ti:eir produ•'.,.a
bore ~:nd four 1 r
llneoed c::-ual·o:·o z..:-o1Jct:.tod i:'l ~ .a •. 8'1'1 Yor.: ::one ,
oc.ch ll!'Jduei " about 1800 barrelo of oil :rer de.,. . .... o dM . .,c.oe of
the doooatio flaxneed su_.,.,l,. =d luc:-oc..;e L1. il.l~;)rt~ltlon of -1--.J:aeod
ia lL:ely to fu.rtl1e!" (.evo1op the Ltrulufect.r~·e of linseed oil u ... this
•
)oint .
The .lOSt il.1,»rt .nt of the cu.terit.le usod in t:bo J&;lufacture of Po.inte o.nd V rniehoe f.re a:;.o-..n by the govornwent st-tlatioa
tor 1914 us follom :
!:uw l,'llieric.le Used in J.'Jmuincture of l'c.int & Varniah
in tho United States in 1914- ,
•
L!.tha :lODe
Clu-o,:e yellow
OrtulfS or green
?r\Uls!an Dlue
~ltracari.uo
•
Cost
~uc.ntity
Pig Lead , tons
Grain, .l.Jllo:lol, n a .
iood .:.lohohol, gala .
Linseed Oil , ala .
GUI:IS, lbo .
Colors , p181!1-e:Jts
\7hite L1e.d, dr;..· los .
Leads , oxides , lba .
Blll'7"te~.; lba .
Iron , bu f .':: as.rth colore
Other dry colors
Veroilli .. n , true
Otl:or ..:ina colOl'S
Pulpoolora
149 , 908
887 , 273
919 , 561
24 ,025,!.i02
48 , 113 , 516
$11,424,544
3U0 , 7J7
307,539
11 ,811.3 , 236
o'\,662 ,972
17 , 4.07,955
271,370,082
6l , JJ5 , 290
46 ,92o ,:no
92 , 396,956
46 , 792 ,062
5 , 747 , 317
8 , 024 ,400
1 , 2.59 , 382
2 , :>98 ,059
95 , Ul6 , 903
322 , 769
4 , i!l>J , 874
21 . -~20 , 854.
The neareot source of au11PlY v! sowo or ti:eoe
follona:
.): ,922
797 . 19
1 , l.i7 , 910
641 , 53-&
677 , :l29
387 ,077
222 , n9
3 , 610 , 4·~5
.200 , 134
690 , ;..35
1 , 011 , 765
torlo.ls in o.s
Llrht Vt.rnish Gum
ltiiurl froc Soulc;.nd
Congo :rroc iU:l·ioa
DDL'\Sr froc ~st Indios
Llo.nillo. :f'roo :zuat Indiea
_,osin ::.'roo So11thorn U!li ted States
:Blo.ek: Vtl-rnioh "uo
Gilao~.i e fr)m Colore. o & Utah
J.:e.njak ..:No Bri tlsh •. cut Indios
~iteh frou E'rt:.noe and Holland
Petr;:,le~·
,._rJ ... loc:..J. refi:~e~ los
•
Liaseed frJo Jeroo:,• C!ty .
CJ.ino. !T;:,od f!'om i:!hino.
:r:~ok1.,--
&."l.d S
to
Islru'd
�J5 U
.!'ur.outino r:>r:~ GOO!" fie. , ,. _ ::c.rol!.na
Ilon::ine fro local reft.ao~:ias
XerosL1e Zr.?::l looel ~·efl:terles
>Jael- t r .c.aiJthe fro: .. lJcal re...'inertee
..Uco •. ol fro.
er. Yorl: territory
•
mute Zilla
fro::~
~"1
:n >rida
_tSB)uri, C:>lc.r&do & ·ortbueot
'Jhi te load !roc .... teaouri
Uoat all colora
kind o:r
'Jther .
~h
~e
der>ondent on ia_;orted r:ISterioJ.a of one
CJoat of aeourtnc the raw we.ter!alo used in Vl.'.r...dah munu-
f&<)turo would be about the eaoo in newark as in Dv.nbury . lfevJ... rk
varnish Cl'Ulu:fnoturors .. oat pay a !Jco.l fre!.c!lt of ~ . 084 per 100 lbe .
on sur:=h u.e.teriala :fr":>c ·or~ York.
Ae in the ossa of rc.r~ ®torinl ou.·:ply , ~he ~CdV~t £00 &3 to
delivery of fi.,iahod roduoto lire all in fr.vor of Dcnbury .
•
l!eu York City is the :!Jntral dtatributton !JOint for c. large
of tho finiohed aint c.nd vc.rnioh produc~o uanu:faotru·od
:-.a ontiro oountrJ . noc.rly every paint and v rnioh cunuttaturing aocpnn;; hao i a mo.in office in !:au Yor~ o.nd its lc.rco:.t w rehouse and ator ce ;i'ao11-itioa fa:· diatribution o:t produ-::tD .
po"M:lt~gc
in
Ful~ ~ of all paL~.t end VC.."'"nish •. roduct2
.re diatrioutod
froc "elf York.
It ie clelll', hero!ore , ~lu;t :10 Qtl.tter :7h;...t tho _pt.Xtiotill:.r
varietioe or ...-adeo of _rod· eta . the Danbury pe.int or vo.:n:.ieh
~.....lu:f:O.aturer bus
diotinct ldv.e.;.:.~c.ge in this re~poot in cdJacenoy
to UeTI" vork .
The nenr oy hat~~ t ete o f Sti l l River and Bl'anc nville have
Pa i nt Plante , t h eir product b ei ng Silica P~ n t, mBde f rom
Lime Rock •
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
TBE STORE INDUSTRY
Outside of th e cutting ·Ro rk o:t Hughes & Chapmo.n and
Schl itter & Co . , who do a small monumental business , the stone
industry of Danbury consists ot the operations of the Stearns Lime
Co . , which employs 20 me n Qll.d conducts a lime stone quarry and
crushing plant adJacent to the city.
The production of this company amounts in Talue to nearly
SSO , OOO pe r year . Their plant is well equipped ancl requires 170
b . p . tor op erat ion.
The product of the Stearns Lime co. , is ground limestone
same being used for fertilher llJld for concrete work in building
construction. They Ill&llce salee throughout New England but largely in
Connect! aut .
•
There is litt le data O.Yallo.ble concerning the miner&l
resources of this part of Connecticut , but the opiAion seems to
prel'ail that th ere is little rook or n~ineral of commeroial value
in the viltoinity of Danbury .
~is is however apparently only a matte r of opinion and
reliable geological data would be of interest and might reveal
possibilities for industrial den l opment .
The state of Connecticut produces buill!! ing atone to the
value of a million dollars annually and also producae a oonsidaro.bll!l
amount of feldspar .
Sandstone and granite are the chief build ins atones qparr ied
in this state.
Trap rook is found in "Various parte of the state including
Fairfilad county . This atone ie largl!lly used for road surfacing .
At Branchville , near Dan bur; i s lcoatl!ld a paint works
producing "silica paint " . This paiht ia made from a lime rook.
•
Feldspar rook is found in He,.Rtown and !l'ew l.lilford of
commercial value but not in larse quantities •
A stone containing 12; potash bas been found near here
in considerable depoai te but no way bas been found as yet of
separating the potash from the other minerals .
A sand higt in silica is found in quantities near Danbury
a.nd might be utilized in glass manufacture .
The cement l'l'orke nearest to Danbury are located at Hudson
and Catskill , u.y •
•
�Jtiu
•
GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL HISTORY SURVEY OF" CONNECTICUT
>l• -•ll.llolcomb,G<>u,.,_oiC.O"«!;ooo
Mo>uoTmloo l!><ll•y,l'•.,id.. ooll'•l<l'•l...,.,.,
\\oU .. oo ~ .... .,S>o..~tlo, p, .. ....,, oi W<OI<r••
.,..,,s ...... J•• ,b.,,r,-..,, oiTrinloyCallq<
~,..,, ., L<wlo "'"'"· Ptc<id .. o ol Coa•«<ieul AO'i<u"""' C<>l!qo
F....,<ri<~ 11 ..
ol
Coli.,. I'"
u,;..,,..,,
.,.s,,.,, ''"'"""' C...""'''"'"
Wo....,
SUN~Df.liT
"""""KG•<00>7
~'r .
"::m\el r,
l.OTOl:l.~EI,
!i:X6CU t\'1'8 '.'OC .,
!':>UburyCha.:nbaro!':o!lttlerce ,
"!;;~.nhury,Connectieut.
publie
tl.on~
o!' tho:-
r::oll!l~ctlcut "eolo~le~l
t;, ....... ~l...a.....-.".
"istory ""Jrvoy ,
'leolo.,.lc· 1 Un<"y In
ti:l<>~o
cubl!c·ttona.
ll~t
tt......
ch~ rn~i'lr:
Ver-:r
!htur:l.l
-.•mu~~rtrt
>t
'cout l'a.nbury.
!1. ~na.r
trol~·
or ao.
;:ours,
~
~
te~
You Joul:lthu ItT!>
u h.nd a.
of day ••I thin
~n.:!
I:.C....U...
thP 'Tnitnd "t
O(
bin~ton.
I h. 'I'll
rep '"t of tne "r·olO'I!f or
"'ill see the
...............
lso In !"!'pOrts
a
�•
•
•
•
�·-·
CL.&.Y PRODUCTS L!ANUYJ.CTURE
Da.nbury is 3 large consumer o:f brick and should be a. still
greater consumer .
Connecticut is a large producer of brick and sends la.rge
quantitin to the !lew York 11\Srket .
Bo brick is liWiu:faotured 1l1 the Tioinity of ~llury and we are
UJUlble to lenra def1D1t&ly whether there are any nearby deposita
of clay or shale suitable for the purpose.
A g eological expert should be engased to make an 1nnat1gat1on
of thia matter as a local brick plant would 111. a great adnntage
to the oolltlllunity and would proTa Yery pro:Utable .
Sneral persons ban claimed that auitabh deposita of clay
are aTailable in this Tiolnity .
..
It would seem quite poaeible that in the higher forma of clay
produota manufactured, Danbury might be suitable location •
.l1tbout hATing clay here suitable for the 11111.nu1'aoture ot any
kind o:t pottery , it would ~poor at :first throua:ht that it wouJ.d be
::::a;~n::i• a!~a!~:\:tt;;o~~f~ grade potter1 could be mAnu!&etured
It is a fact howeTer , that tho maau!aoture of potter1 could
almost as adTantageouslf be entered into he r e as any.here in Ohio ,
tho g r es.test potter, etah in the Union , in whio.h ~15 , 000 , 000 worth
of pottery is manufactured &nli.Uallf· It is a curious fact that
table- war e , art ware and other :tor:~~e of pottery are ud e in East
LiTerpool , Ohio , from olaya ioporteil largely froo the southern statu.
•
•
The reason for this suggestion is largely baaed on present
market conditions. Before tho war fully one - half of tho pottery sold
in this country was imported from Germany , Austria , Prance a.nd
En&lo.nd . The war has out off a largo proportion of this 1mportaatioD
and the de!lla:td therefore for domestic potter, exceeds the oapaoit7
of tho pruent American Potteries . The result will be that wl:.on the
war is onr American pottery will haYe an establ18hed market and
one which can largely b e held •
It is sua:gested that the ~~~otter is worthy of :further illYeatigation
with a Yiew to finding What pArticular class of table- ware ,
toilet ware , kitch en ware , eleotrioo.l suppli es or art pottery
manuf&oture might be entered into to tho best adyantage •
�•
•
•
•
�Ju U
•
. ._
roc oed , a. nut:.b r
Q.._
tl:o ::_,tern .3-t :.
ro ie ... m~t.·atin
b~
outs! e :>:f bJ "g: belt" .
~j
.l~;.
,:::
.'t!'
,
lc.so
cease:· 1
t lc.sa
~1eao
be
IJOZI.
d
vbe
de in -;J:!a
1
te tn
1-d& rrof!t -
... he re&eo. for t.:e ce... vre.li::;etio:J. o
ne ud. etr;r n
Po:ms lve::~G . iiost Virgin!~ , Ohio ;.nd India::. ht..s boen beo
lo'l'l' ao:;st o! ne.turul :as
~ al .
OUtside Of ~-0 neturc.l -ns bolt , l<J.sa
to uno o iuol producer ~s rl!lde fto~;~. c.:~al •
1.
wtl
~e atli
tern
.3e o... the
d
::1
•stth the d-v.:.aoi ':! cost of .s.tural "'lS .n tr..e ittaburg- dietrlot
_
re ult of the lessen in su l:r , the adv, nt go o:!" lo at!Jn of:
-lo.oe pl .~s hera io ro..-;in loss , end it is ,.ro'bablo t t the L:dus tr,- 17111 be ~ro lc.r el, distributel'! .
\iitb !Nal at nl.JJut ,..2 . 50 to 03 . 00 J)Sr ton r;duaor
.a
Do
do t
cost G.bJUt equivale.Jt to u~tural aa .t 15~ .•er t' JUS nd
oJ.Ha feet •
•
_b,o )'Ovorn;. ont co.
s 1 ta 317 il ... 'IO.:.Oliel.: !.1.
St te-J en
od .n tho ~u:...~:::, u-c .... ·lans .
e. a l
ltet in 11:: :~::·ta:. . ..:e 'l'itJ: 103 11 ~3 , O.:io hu.o 39 _1
~:1.d, 11.110 I.d!.u.: , •0-:; Virf!.ll.!.<-:. 0 r~ 3r£<. .e...:.d "'t:
1 w r::~duc
ti:Jr. , .:e., ;or c_ ;.a.:.J 1111 Ji.J cJ~e ne::::t ....:.:d :::c..-.. Yn-•. n . . 3 7th ith
Jl
.• 3 .
,
nr:t '1.
•
•
~
'.]
- .,J
o
fOllOtiO;
)
Ir!C.~ent.
l' •hatiJ:a of b:lt'tlec =d j1.rs,
72 , ;573 :pe:-aCI,Hl a.re a
o.~
S t a
·
··.:;J. 1 :nd ooiJn
.,.lZ£ ,000 ,000 . So 10 50 dif:f' ra .. t
in ila J-47 lauta loc ted 1.1 t:.e
as
1w , .,1_,:) o
>.!d O':.io about ~ ... . ooo ,ooo.
v:_:U 1
o;uo
4tl: .
J.·~
,;!.._
U1,...;
....:d t::~
o·a.:3·lew JOl'Sey 3rd n:~d
II t_e l £8
dustry Lu
e.;,;, ~ta .!.r
.lue t:> over
.. 1~ 3 of lues 'nd:otz c.ro
U..Utce Stc.tco, t~e Vll.rietla
itod
o uced
being
.1 ohee.por •· e of :lV.J~d , \IOio' :;a,_, be UlDd .. or 1-•011
Cl:lS
o -<.faotw:o , to ::~utaL.~od in 'tl1e 2Btsburg d!otrlot . A grc.do ot sea
sana oui. &blo . or b~-ttlo ... u::nU'c.ctw·o .:.a .:~btained on Lo.
Iclund .
~hie and "i'Ou.ld lOt be z.uitnblo _or ti~o hi-her rrtUlea of lWls .
er~e.ls is sod"' eh ,
0 e ::~f . o >ot 1 Jrt
ac.lt oai!:o . Thio o:> s l J' al.
r
the cli&.lice.l ~·or,~u of' tto -1iddle
we ... ~r:>. a c
oin
a
_. ortoTm., Ohio nd Detroit •
... n co1t ::~_ uol l~s
? ... t ~--'~ ~~-t
-rt
laaa .~ Li'e.o'1!'&.
Larr-e ~la=::a
~or. s r.-::~uld use ...~roo 15 , 000 , 000 to 20 ,000 ,000
o:l'bic foot ~r
a .or mo th .
•
�1 ~oat .
r
.:~...
J
•
L ..3o
in 1914 ...._
Ju 1
or
lHI
.:'
:Col o·. a :
JUD
tu
Total tt.Ue ••• • • •• • .• •• •.• •••••••••• ,122,9C.4 , 792
Buildin
h:.oa ,,,, •.•..•...... • . •..•••.. ,d6 . 7:J_ , 369
h.ea :
~J.o.ntlty (aq
:re _,h) .••.• • • • ·l00 , 091.i • .o;;.3
V~lue , ,, ,, ,,,, ,.,, .,, . •. • ••••• ..-17 ,"-0C , 756
Obscured rlWJs , i.
1diJ g c ~h
edral & o:..,•li l:.t:
tlind:~-
?late
~~!1~~- : :::::::: ::::::::::::: ~ :~~ :~;~
lt.sB (
de
or sW.e )
~uantlty lo1u: re fMt ) ..••• • . • !ii0 , 515 ,00S
V&l e , •• , . • • .•• • .•••• • .. • • ••• • ¢1<1 , 799 , 646
\'li:;e "lCOD:
•
~o.ntlty
(squO.l'EI _eet) •. , • •.• • 15 , 680 , 844
Ve.l.U\1 .,,,.,,,,,,,, ••· ·• •••• · •• (}1 , 590 , 934
.111 other b ild1:J P'la.ae
Value • , , ••• • • , . • • • • • • • • • . • • • • •
~.20 ,2.'10
Presaed St Blown lt113B
VoJ.ne , • . • ••.• , .• , •• , • • , . . , •.•• '30 ,130 , C77
Bottle3 , jars , etc . V lue ••••••.• . •.• . •• 51 , 4.2e ,022
..Ul :>t er r.J<-uc~s . Value .. ... . .. .... , •• ~ , 614 , :324
.art
O~ea<:cl
Bout
Beveled
Chipped
Colored
Dooor ted
~lWll.&led
Plate
J?ro~Jaed
..'riB~!- tic
!'yrographio
.{u;;..x·~z
i~olled
Engineori..g
Roue:r. B-ibbed
!:peoialtioa Sand blc..3t
Grott:.d
Si o: ....lk
!fo dl!.. .t
Silvered
Leaded
Stat o
Uirror
.:fql~_:C.t
!losv.io
Str11oturcl
0l'~lea<:ent
'!'li dow
VLdehield
•
\iire
B~· ;~:w·
ae L r oot
1er of l~B ph;. te in t ... e cOWl try t..re
devote: to the O.~(li c" ro Jf <udo~; lco:J £nd 66 fin:m nre 1 n olu.de!.l. ln thio ~~u , t e l rgest orOIJOl'\ion of ~hem bein[ l Joated
i:.J ti'..e ?ittsburgh district . ·Jlar..:sburg , Vu ., hUJ six 1 :1ta of
tll.ie i!'ld .
r
I: ext in 1-. or'!..a.::.~e
.;.5 1~.
oou.: trJ ,
'ow Yor:· Cl t
1;10e io ~lase .
•
r
re t 1e l~~e ~lacs .l
s, Jt::. loc od in be l'itte ~· h
irror
lou .here
1atriot.
lass ..x..d
tlhile .:e location o!
-lace l1dustr;r 1
e !?ittsbursh
distrlot h..c seemed :~st lo cal h.oretoio.e , 1~ '
:~tuble that the
iaduttr;."" is frc.dually spreadJ
"t;hrou.gb. tho o OlUltr,y nd 1 t hils
been de.~:mstr ....ted. that .!.'~·oxJ.mity to vhe nuturnl l;l0tl.l'<.l0 Of SU{•ply
1
of silica is !lOt nocoso r;; to t e su.oce~s of llll1t& of this f..h;d ,
The develo!)!:lent o~ t e J.nduatr;r La J;,rnlng , ... 1 . is a de. :~n.s~rs ti~n of "t;b.is . In b. t .:it., re loc ted 4 1
>J
.::• -ct:~r:n.t flint
gl as ooda . One o! thoo 1 :Oov:~ o I.e ~he l)r:JI
t1.)
f table laaa
1
ware , two o
!1~
o l:'l r -:1
t!r:r; )Od!J .!ld o.a to tho
�pro( ;wti:Jn
en
in ho
devote,
'f
ec!.al ! a .1d no· el t .!. es , W.lo sever l o •.. ere aro
10
!':Jduotion o-: out _leas . '31-oo:Zl~.J. Borollj .• le de
• 1d1 ctl::m o! out :1 sa e.re , _ vin 17 establisl" a.• a
o hi
ina of lndu · r y •
•
tJe ..e.::~ll! ctu:o of ruit J.:..re ,
s o_ tb.io i d J&Ll lo:.: tad it:
Tnare ra ;37 _ll
' t.
.o~:.....~r
evote
of 11 hti.1
ood • ~f 1 nch _r.lo~;p bola Z , .::.
?.:>rt Janie 1
d z.ow Bedf.J.:rd , ..... c.aa . 1.
t;~ t ,a
'...J
,
•
.... ctaro
Y. 2 ,
\ihile ~no lffero.
v&.rietiea oi' lt;.C:J I:.<- t! :.: ur ~d .:.re
~
e o.bove .. oted, ot in a e., ral -::r...y ".;be c.a.nufuo; .....::0 oi' lues Oil:
be divido<i into l:ree _l"Jt e Wl"-&r ·he .Jee.do 11' uildi
:;l~;We ,
rossed and blotm laos and bottles :1d ~c.rs •
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�Juu
•
IYOOD PRODUCTS I1'DUSTRIES
Into this g roup of
1n~uutr1es
would be claseUied all
eatablishmants requirina lumber or wood as the principal ma.terio.l
o:t nm.nufacture .
The industries of this k i na located in Danbury o.re as
fo llowa :
Hou.e:etrim :md co.binet work.
!'ostsr Bros. ,
.;~ . Sunderland
Joseph Vaghi
'1 •
dason 11s.kine: and repalrins.
R. G. Bates ,
•
J• Lo Hllll,
H'. Tine t.: Son
.rm. Olmsted
R· J. Vaughn
Danbury Carringe Co .,
c . Pe!fere & co .,
w.
lii ll iam L!oore .
Jood products epeoial ties .
Iaaac A.r11etrong &: Co . ,
c. F · Yockum
Clark Box Co . ,
P. Durkin
w. p . S!Yi ne
E· B · Barnutll
Hine Box &: Pl'intina: Co.,
John Reid
shipping oaeu
bat Dlaoka
shipping c!lees
'Drushu
ho.t dryi~~.g raoke
wood tanks and ,.kettles"
shipping ou.sea
ehippins casu
annuall~~ 8 w!!.:~t;~!~~~:~~;:t~~l;_; ~~i6m!!a m:!t~:{ !:t ~1g:~o
and they represent ln•n·tJ..nt assets of $115 , 000 .
•
The four e stabllebmente making woo den oaaes or boxes for the
shipment of bats also ma.nufcoture pa.per boxes and the wo od oases
are only a small part of their business. The• e osse a are male of
p ine lUJllber whioh oomea llll'iely from Canada .
The p lant of w. w. Sunderland is the laraest wood work1ng
utablisbm.ent in Danbury empl oyina 26 men. This plant inolud es a
planing mill and all the machine r y neoeaaary for turn1n1 out house
trim and manutaoturing lil&llh , doo ra, blinds, stairway& and interior
wood wo r k of all kinde .
The lUDber uaod ia large ly maple , apruoe , pine , redwood , white
wood and hemlock and ill obtain ed from lew Ha't'eD and south Borwalk,
10M of 1 t colling to the latter plac e by coactwiee atelllll and sailing
't'eaaela froc Ulline and southern. points.
Foster Bros., who o.ra in the
eight men.
•
lame
line of induat17 employ
The ea11yers , planer s and carpenters in these p lants are well
~~~~So t~:rw:~:: . beini 40 oenta pe r hour and anrage urninas beillg
These shops are unionizad &l'ld operate on the basil:; of a 48
hour a week.
�•
fhe Sunderl o.nd p lant is operated b:y a 40 h ep f gas pgine and
the Fostereplant b:y an 80 h·P • steam engine , the saw dust an:d
trimmings of the plant being used 1n part f or fuel .
Joseph Vaghi who ee~ploya three men conducts the only turnitur•
manufacturing plant in Danbury , h is ap eoia.lty being rustic furnitur•
&l.thoush be also doea cabinet IUI.d carpenter work of all ldnda •
.;... B . BarnUII IIJI •oiali zea 1n the I!IIUlufacture of wooden tuba ,
tanka 4lld kettles uaed in the m&llu:f'acture of hate . Th•se IU'e 11111.d 1
of cypreu, white pine and white wood .
c. F . Yoolcua epeoializea in the ma.nufactura of W'Oodan blocku
used by thfl hat manufacturers in the shaping of the rough hat body.
Th1se blocks are ma.da of whitewood . He also makea wood flanges used
in tha hat shops .
•
Tha larse uount of lumber used annually tn Danbury for oonatruetion purposaa comas from Yarious seotions ana is purchaaad
~;r;.!~~~ . l ocal 1halers or of dulers 1n South norwalk , Bridgeport
iihite pine ud cypress come from tha South , spruce froa !!!line
and oak alld chestnut from near-by points .
There are no ssw mills in the near "Y1cin1ty of Danbury but
there are a few small saw mills in the Danbury area and a number of
portable saw •llle which are moYed fro11 place to place to out up
such l ocal timber as c an be purchased :from the fQ.Mera. I . F. Terry of
.llethel has ~ sm1.11 S':\w mill for cutting up nat.tve timbers
The 1910 census statu tha.t there were in that year 60 ,959
acres of woodland in ?airfi eld County and 143 , 307 acres of woodland
in Litchfield County . It ia estimated that t he re are ~nr ea ,ooo
acres of woodland now within the indicated Danbury zone described
in another chapter .
L.'lloh of this woodland is in small parcels howenr a.nd part
of the fnrr1 properties .
•
The totnl of ripe hardwood timber coming to ms.turity annuslly
in th i s a.rag., and which could be cut tu'lder conaerT&tion p r inoip1e a ,
is doubtlua larg e , but this tii::Iber i s scattered ud the c oat of
getting it to the saw mill is larsa·
Nenr-the-leaa an industry l ocated 1n Danbury and uaina: oak ,
ash, DW.ple , birol~ , beech and ohastnut lulilber and pro"Yided with a
~~r!:~~e 1 ::e~i!i ~:!!!!a:~~~o~~o~~b~~~~~~ '\~~~:i~;r:~~: ~~t~ly
from the farmers of this &rea .
I n the.- 3crkshire Billa about 90 miles north of Danbury there
are larg:e (].uantitiea of birch , baeob , mapl e and ash suitable for
furniture manufacture ana this tillber or the lumber out from auoh
timber coUld be brousbt to Danbury by rail at low coat .
There is also a la.ra:e supply of hard woods in the Bhansatuolc
Billa i O miles west of Danbury •
•
.rhat local supply of bard wood 1B now a"Yaila.ble free points
close to Dall~ury is now ullina , cut into lumber at th e followins
rates :
Oal::
$-f,o. oo par tboueand feet
Ash
40 . 00
"
"
"
Chestnut 30 . 00
�•
Considarn.ble amounts of buildiJJB lumbtJr o.re broll8ht from :Bridgeport,
the freight rate on aa.me to Danbur:y being 7¢ per o;rt , 1n oar load
lots .
Wood workinj: industries are ao desirable for any ooiiiD.unity
that it 18 to be hoped tbo.t effort will be made to secure more
of auob 1Jlduatriea for Daaburf• Jhile the local supply of natin
lWI.ber ia small this it :aot a• illporta.at factor b. the tllllllu:f&oture
of 11u1ay lilies of 1100d apeoialtiee .
liith a seTea cent rail rate from :Sridseport , oo11b1Aed with
a low ooaatwiae Bh i ppiag rate , aouthera snd !.faille !Wilber are
O.TO.ilable iJI Danbury at a coat as low as nnay poillte furth.r 1nl1U1d •
l'or e X4Glple s ou ther:~~. lWllber can be placed ia Dubury at less coat
th&Jl ill. .l&IIIPJBtown, B . Yo which is : a Yer:~ import~~nt fUZ"Diture
m:lllu:f&otur1ng poblt .
•
Little solid ha rd wood furniture 18 IDAJlufaotured now- a - days.
It io largely m:~.de of aouthem pine oovared with hardwood 't'eneers ,
a Dd a tow. to deTelop
the furnture industry should haTe a compo.ratiTely l ow f rllight r11te on Southern l umber and be poeseased of
a. Teaear pl!U!t .
'rhere is~a large Tariet,. of wood specialties which could be
lltl.nu:faotured in Danbur7 to &dTutage beoausa of the nearness of this
city to the !lew York market .
There are 3155 furaiture mallufaoturing plate in the country
:~!:r!:st~.e~;!;2~~W~; ,:g . huing a.n annual production mounting
Thes e p l ants are further classified in tho &OTerllll'lent statistics with the ir annual productions ao follows :
~~!~n F~n1ture
Store , Bar & Office
•
2t~~ Produ~tioa ~1~~ : ~~: : ~~;
&87
34 , 312 , &02
There are 2&6 furniture plants of all lciRde 1:a Greater New
York. Of these , 1 75 are in l!&llhattaa , &7 in 3rookl:yn , 6 in the
Bro:u: , 2 in :.:l.icha.o•d u.d 16 in Queens •
There are 131 refrigerator IIWlU:ta.oturers in the United States
produdng refriaeratora allllually to the T&lue of OTer ~10 , 000 , 000 .
In a gener a l way it can be st3t&d that the moat efficient
location of wood furniture plwat is at apoint nearest to the source
of oupp ly of raw lU!llber. That would be the primal ren.SOll for the
oentral1zation of the uaustry in past years 1n such places as
Grana Rapids , lliohigan , J8.llleatown , a . y., Ro&ld'ord , Ill ; and other points .
There bas beea a T&at &h&JlSO , hO'IfeT&r , in tlle past few years
in tho source ot lumber supply ana ms.ny localities that formerly
bad the a.dTo.nta.ge o:t nearby supply of raw lllliLterial for lumber tiWIUfaoture no lo-a:er posse•e that adTantage . lf'uob of the luab&r now
used by furniture plants in Grand R&p 1ds and Jamestown comes froiD
the South or for Jest or from foreia:n countri•s ·Thie tends to lessen
the importano& and adn.ntage o:t those cities as :turnitur• ma.nufaoturin& locations and 1t is now possible for factories located elsewhere
to compete with the11 on eT•D. t•rms.
•
These l eading furniture cities of cour se haTe the o.dvanto.gu
of adjacency of lll.lied linea of mtmufaoture , as is the onse 1.D all
industries which han been speoial1u6 in oertai.D l ocalities . 1'or
�•
uuple, a Gro.nd Rapids manafaoturer o3Jl obtain his
o.hine r y in
0
~!:!r!~P~1!gc~: s ei~~~!:fe ~~i~:e:~;;ii:;s ~:r!:t!:ia~ ~e::ea
in the pr oduction of h i s finished produota .
w
ar abo!:~~ !!aa;:1P;~8 ~=~i~f:e:fa~~~!~p:~~!~~l;•;~; ::
beJlefit of the furnitur e induet ry thll.t are not poscessed by othe r
8
oitiee .
A.nothr chance tl:at bas taken plac e in the furniture industry
~~!~t~e~r;~;me~;~t:n~!r!: :~:a::~s}:~~i:r~f t~i~:;\,;~~ t~n
8
out all linn of furniture , but now ~:~oot of the facto r ies sp ec i a lize
not only in chai r s but 1:a. a particular line , such as J.:orrle ol:airc .
There are 247 different lines of
~uiture
alanified in this
wo.y llll.d in each line there a re facto r i e s tb3. t turn out no othe r
product , t hough s om& of t hem may spe cial ize in s neral diffe rent
•
li.Jles •
Tb e result of tb1a ap eoia lhati on is that t he location of a
f'ur•tture faotor;r ill not hterained llOW b;r a.DJ' a enera.l rules , but
by t he a th antage s f or the maaufa eture of so:ne parti cular specialt;r.
rhh condition 1n the industry mans it poasibh :tor D&nbU7
to aeowe the denlop11111nt of furniture manufac ture al ong ce r tain
linea for wh ich t h e location 18 particularl y auitable.
It would appear that ill the man\daoture of high class furniture ,
lar gel y us ifl.c inlported lWIIber , Danbury is an ad Yutaaeoua location
because of the ability of man\dactur ers to ~ btain their m&t er ial
here at coat .
ll'IIW York i s t h e laraut 111arket 1n the country}" for high gr ade
fur niture and tb e manu:ta ctuur thus bas the a dYawt age her o of low
delinry co st of hie finiahed product .
The Yar i ous olo.saif i cationa of t h e furnitu r e induatr;r are as
:tollowa :
•
•
A.ntique J'ur n iture
Baby oarrtas:es
Baby j~e rs
~.!to~·i~~~
Banquet taile tops
Bask etr y
Basainettes,
Be d DaYenports
Deda , braas
walnut
folding
mantel
Inatitution
Iroa. &: ste el
ll&hoa any
oak , maple iJl.ll
&o:fa
.Benobe a , park
"
wood
:Beatwu od turn .
Dlu.ok bo ards
Black i ng: or;~.ces
Cabinets , bachelor
barnera
eard 1ndn:
oataloe:ue
curio
de ntlllto
disc recor d
tiling
hall& ill&
hardware
t~edi o ine
""""
of fice t owel
parlor
piuo player
aowua
a hoe
&lllOkera
Carpet awupora
Ca.rrias e a , doll
Cedar chests
Cedar tur n.
Cellarette s
�•
Book cases , oomUaatloa
sectional
l i 'brar7
alae loa
Book BhelTU
Bolater rolla
Boxu (matt1J!tj; aonred)
shirt waist
skirt
:Bu:Ueto
Chaira , step ladder
doubU cane
fold inc
gilt
hall
b&I!WIOOk
hip
invalid
kitchen
metal
•
1110rrie
office
opera
sruse
reed and rattlll'l
rullail:la
rnolT1n&
rolllJ18
ruatlo
sl1ppn
splint
uteuer
Bur~OOilB
bent wood
boot black
children
ooloDlal
~linT~
:loll beds
Dr essers
Saaln
Ehotroli.ro
Filing dnioeo
.-iroless CooDre
Fixtures , bank
bar
store
off1oe
1oot stools
Framee , pioturee
Co carts
Crillu
Hardware o&binetc
Bassooka
Hotel !'urniture
India seats
Inlaid furn .
Jardiniere ctW1dD
XitobeD cabinets
Curly birch
lll•
Uahogtu:.i ;
l.!o.ple
Leather furJl •
Lockers , wood
"
steel
A•h
Rad Gum
J.Iattreoeee , wool
Oak
Lam~.
owinco
t:!f:l;urn.
felt
Chnal s:laseoa
Chiffoniereo
Chitfo-3obes
China closets
Church :turn! ture
Clocks- liall
"
llwltol
Colonial reporudotlons
comforts
ooOWIOdeo (oanitary)
ooatUIIlers
Clothes poles
cots - metal
wood
folclin&
Couobes
Couches , bed
•
white enalllel
Bllfea
tables
Lamp& ,!Diasion
Lawn furn .
typowri ter
Ch&mbere eu.lto- Birds eye maple
•
automatic
b&b7
barber
bedroo11
Ciroaaaian walnut
'rurkieh
"
Chi.ire , a dJustable
>ox
porch
rookiq
at eel
hair
u:oelsior
Metal fura .
moss
!Jirrors
Oftioe l!'urD o
otto~~U~ns
Pedestals
l'iano benches
Pillon
Porch furn .
Racks , hall
•••
"-""'
mq&iOinO
music
umbrella
plates
Reed & Rattan fum ,
�•
Cr adles ,
Cribs , metal
"
wood
Cupboards , mitohen
Curta in poles
"
atretcbos
Dave~:~ports
Desks ,
bookkeepers
ebildrena
comiinatioA
flnt top
ladies
roll top
school
t.rpewriter
Diotioaary holders
Dilling room suits
•
~!~~;:~ ~t1~tahle
dining room
'"''
desk
directors
dr4ughtema.n
drustne
drop leaf
ertansion
foldirtc
kitchen & laundry
library
manicure
parlor
oate
sew ins
...
side
smokers
store
•
telephoJI.e
work
Tabourattes,
Toy turn .
Trays, butlers
" eer•inB
Tnewri ter stands
Upholstered fur:a. .
Wardrobes
Wash Dtands
Haste baskets
Willow & l'licker turn.
i'lindow boxes .
Tbe following are so• of the
11111.ter 1nls and supplies required
in furniture manufacture:
Bed springs
l.!attressea
Cabinet makers benchu
Durlap
•
Cabinet butts
Cabinst locks
Cambrica
CaDI webbing
Refrigerator&
Rockers
Rustic turn .
School furn .
Settees , g:a.rden
ball
rattan
Shades , window
Show cases
Side lloards
SlllOke stands
Sha •in& sta:nd s
Stands , wa'brella
'""""
" , bath room
Stools
fold ins
office
Cold paint
Curled hair
Hand screws
Handles
llurniture ke;ya
Knobs
Lacquers
Leather
Linters and 'batts
Locka
l!irror plates
l!achillerr , ohair
~~r!!!kim:fiJ16
wood workill6
!Joss
Packillg pads & wrappers
Polish
!'Ulls
Screws
Shelf supports
Oe!!. Shellac
Shodd1
Deakslidea
Chair spilldles
Spri.ns:s , spiral
"
woTen wire
Dr awer stops
Table locks
Table tops
Upholsterers fabrics
Veneer coatina:s
Wax
Jute webbins
11cod screws .
i'ollowin&: are the prill.cipal
Tarietiea of woods used in
furaiture lll&llu:faeture :
l.fahcg~
l!e.ple
Oak
Blrob
Circasaian w41Aut
Re d GUll
Cedar
Curly birch
�JU
•
Tattan fabrics
Casten
Catches for doors
Cho.ir seats
"Yhito maple
Ash
'"'
Red GUll.
Spring chair seats
Cheese cloth
Cbnal glass
Cabi.Jlet ~!!alters olo.spa
Colors , stains & paintu
VarJdshes
Cotton fabrios
Cotton bats
cotto11. waste
Cushions
Drawer pulls
En.&~~.els
Excelsior
ran supports
•
:!'illers
Class trilllmi:Rs:s
!U~s
Pins
Jlre
Brass trilllmings
Glue
There a.re less tbu a hundred manufacturers of wooden burial
oases in the country, and lle'lf York City bas te:n. of tbeae , of which
four are located in (,ueena Borough, tllt'o in Brooklyn , and the
rema.inder 1n !!a.nha tta.n .
Outside of New York City, Bangor , lfe ., and Chioaco are the
la.raest producers of caskets.
There is an tmliflited field for dovelop1111nt in the pro(luotion
of wooden speolalitias of all kinds, and theee industries bliould
be encouraged as they o111ploy well paid skilled labor a.ni! tend to
the den1opment of other industries .
•
:a.s the linea of manufacture under tb18 bead , the following
are of greatest illlportanoe :
0
ii~~e! ~~!ns1ls
D&irr
La.un<~rr
"
Dishes & bowlo
Trays
Rolling pin.s
!Iutter bowls
Potato ID3Sbera
Bowline balls & ten p ins
PUllers
Clothespins
Curtain poles
Coat hangers
Tooth pioks
I. adders
Grain measure •
!loot & shoe lo.sts
llirror & picture frames
•
Rulers
TOTS
;~s\fOrk
&
a:rilla
Hand lea
Plua:s
Bobbins
Croquet sets
:Bru.Bh blook a
Brolnl. handles
ShoYel handles
Clothes :frae~~~a
Spoola
Steering wheels
Hair bruah ba.oka
�•
•
•
•
�J Ia
•
•
•
•
It 'I'":.Julrl
;eu
develJpGd in DW1 ury.
ll~;<tw.·allJ
e uuttln of:f oi' Geroe.n to;·e 1B .e.v.ng, e.nd ~.-111
oo tinue to ~ave
otl .ulo.tl. e.O:fect o. t: a :~er!.oc.n toy
r.~tet
e f-r LB .. ~a ...:..arioan l.lanU'aotaror is OJ!laerned, and it ie the
belle ..: of the ·.. rtter tb.a.t this e.feot 17111 ,:o.<tinue for some time
after tl:e ·. ar . 0<1 the other hand , Jc.pr:.n b.w o.1terod the ,_ nrket
very e:cte::.ei vely .1d ..O.l:J of t::o .ouaea .lie ~;ere e7taneively
on :J,f'&d in the business of 1 J:rtlr.- tJ;rs ::'rom G..lrr.\B..,y huve . ant
re orosort tives to Ja aj c.nd ere ,:m :re::civin
::.ode fro that
::ountry .
If
a d'r.ct~er iB in
oa 1~. ~o
oo, e-1 oj·s , t t
'~Ju1d be t.te - i.1e 1
- lU.,.d klOflt
e1. e..:..:oeed . ~heae
to75 Uo not cO::J.e in o::.1.1 otittJn lt:C. :::orei -n to;;s to
"'
eat
•- tent , ~r.ing to tho tact t:'lC.t co .dit~::ms of :t ·a ·
nd o 1 . te
r:or.~t
1 at t· eir 1 .or"• tion . The:·e ere c. £TOC.t .. :a:_,7
ufno urora of WJOdo __ toyo 'l this c~\wtry, e.nd t.ue ease t1 1 fet:.turee
01
11er: 1:. o ell.:~uld c
o a .. ic!l oulli . e 1 to t.:ne ~re e in
CJt:! ,etiti.:~n >lith other 1 ;100 l_·e.::.dy axis'. :.1f · l'hc r.n.d~e.ctu.re of
hat .,.:. .. t be called t plo to:,-·a 13 dono s.t a ver;; conoerv, the
11rofit -nd the out1oo:. or o new J~WlU::~.:.cturer VIi tout :.:..o\1ledgo oi'
.e tr e ill :...~.u.c.:L
'oh ooda ~nUld be proble=1..1oa.l. "' ouweast ton
;.oUld be th~t a loc a l man
i:l to~h ,·ith
01..0 oo.1~erJJ. or 1.1divld ~1 elrer..d~ e
e 1~,.e , so ;; to o~c Le his !iw ..-Jial
oac i
:;.nd 11c~or.
lt
:.a e- er' nco of eo eone else .
J,ir • •.• ~- ..:J::re,.dy, publ~aher of he "'a zine "-h.;; .1~-n" ,
118 ::.
28t..n St. , ::e;, Yor4. , 1 ... tho beat .:..J..tor:::o..
.:t in t".o OUl. ry
o:. t lis aubJ 9ct . •. O::J'J:f oi te "i'la;tti.
Indez" ould be 1!1lett:.l
in a et:1dy of t ia i;.lt\\tStr;; •
�J '"
•
•
•
•
�u /9
In very few cities of 1 ta size in the country baa upaper box
manufacture been deTeloped to sUGh ~ extent as in Danbury.
•
Some of the bat box nnnu:taoturiJ18 also make card boar d stays ,
suob as a re u&ed for paokina hats.
It would appear that the local demand for fine glazed and
fancy papers used in covering hat boxes might be w:!:!ioient to
warrant the e&tllblishment here of a pape r mill to produce that kihd
of material .
Soae of the employee& of the box faotoriu are Yery hi~l;y
paid . A "molder" reoeine $32 . 00 per week. A "l.idder" 18 paid $28 o00
per 'lfeei:: and other workmen get from ~15.00 to $20. 00 per week.
Pem&le er:aployeea are paid from $6 . 00 to 012 . 50 per week.
All o! the box sbopa with the exception of the Clark Box Co . ,
appear to be unionized , and operate on a 55 hour week schedule .
•
•
•
Another industry which 18 classed in the pape r pro6uota group
ill t h e Danbury Book Bindery •
�•
•
•
•
�•
Danburf baa a distinct &dTantage in the hnlopment ot tbia
induatr7 in ita &clple supplf of pue water supp lied o.t ooraparati vel7
low rates.
Thoro an 227 establiabmants in the united states devoted to
tJ:e l:lllnufaoture of rubber goods of t'&rlous klnda . These aatabllnhmenta
have an annual production of nearly $200 , 000 , 000.
By far the largest proportion of this production is in
pneumatic and solid automobile tires and inner tubec . In addition
to these tho foll owing l ineD of rubber goode manufactured are of
•
•
greatest importance:
Bard Rubber goods
Soft aubber goods
llouH.ed rubber
Rubbuizod cloth ,
Rubber clo t hing
Automobile 'I'op material
.Ur ouahiona & mattresses .
Rubber banda
Bath bruBhea
Bumpers
Card cloth
Embalmers rubber
carriage cloth
i'ounta.in pen !'ill ere
:Priotiob cloth
Horae shoe pads
caaketa
llowling bal.ls
Razor handles
Boapital eheetins
Bouse Balle
Insulatins Tape
P11.uit Jar rinse
ms~~l B~:;;u & !lipplea
Rubber lining&
Rubber Stoppers & stopple&
Intmlatins Paint
Shoo Rubbers
Shoe Soles
Mineral Rubber
Photographic Rubber goods
Sheet rubber
Rubber Blankets & covers
Rubber collars and cuffs
Rubber covered wire
Diaphl''SDIB
Diak:a
Dip rubber goods
Rtlbber glans and flne; e rs
Balloona
Door mats
Dress Shields
Ear Cushions
Erasers
Reclaimed Rubber
Sash Rubber
Plumbers Special tie a
Rubber toys
Druggists Special tiea
stationery goods
Dentsl rubber goods
Surgical goode
Rubber thread
'ilat-iler :Bottles
Electrical SpeolaltieB
L:eoha.nioal Specialties
Rub her :Bel t1ng
Rubber }(oee
Rubber BotBs & Shoes
Pedal Rubbers
~~:~• a:~:~ra
Vuloanlte Rubbers
Weather strips
toilet goods
In the total e~~~.nufaoturo of rubber goods , inoludiJlS tirea ,
Ohio ranka first among the states with Dew Jersey second , :t!tLBO&.ohusette third and Now York !'ourth.
•
l:Xoluai·u of the tire industry , howenr , llew York rtLnks
fir st ao to number o:f establie.hments and 't'alue o:f products .
There are 't'arioua linea o:f rubber goods ma.nu:faotured wbioh
might be denloped bore .
�•
CorrUBated rubber is now produced largely in J.!arahattan by
the Gutta Perch& & Rubber U!g. Company , and the 11 . y, llelt1ng and
Packing Company.
There are four plants in the country producing mineral rubber.
Of the four sash rubber manu:t:acturera , the Bome Rubber Company
of Tr enton , rr.J . is tho largest .
The largest of t he nine manu!aotn.rers of sheet rubbe r are
the lf , Y, Belting and Paoklng COIIJP&ny , the COobuio a l Rubb er COIIQl&nl'
of Cleveland , Continental Rubber Works of Erie and Quaker City
•
Ru.bber Compan; of Philadelphia .
There are only four manufao'&:urera producing weathe r strip
rubber of which the Boston Belting: Company is the largest .
The three large conce rns producing carriage rubber toods ar e
the Goodyear Company of Akron, Ohio , Indiana Rubber CompailJ' ,
J onesboro , Indiana , and Canfield Rubber Compan,, Bridgeport , Con.'l .
There are 42 manufacturers i n the country producing drugg iats
rubb•r goods, one of tbe largest being t he American Hard Rub ber
Company of Queena . The other large manufacturers are as fo llows ;
•
Hodgman Rubber co ., New York.
Peerless Rubber co. , "
"
D. s . Rubber Co . ,
"
N. Y. Rubber Co. , Goodrich Rubber Co., Akro n , Ohio .
national Ind ia Rubbe r Co . , l'roYidenoe , R· l ·
J ohnso::~ &: Johnson , lfew Brunswick , fi , J ,
Tyer ::lubber co . , AndoYer , Yaaa .
Tbere ar e 12 manu:t'aoturers producing hard rubber goods , of
which the American Bar d Rubber Company of Queens 1a the largest.
Rubbe r goods
n'f bat
makers are !llllllufaotur e d by the l.Iattson
Rubbe r Company of !lew York .
Ninety-eight manu:t'aoturers are engaged in the produc tion of
meohanioal and eleo tri oal rubber goods , Tr enton , n.J . with 15 p lants
leading in this line of manufacture .
Of the 46 moulded r ubber plants 1h the country Trenton has
•
�Jb o
Out1 of the 36 plants engaged i n the .manui'aoture of plumbers
•
good s, Tranton leads with siX auoh establishments . The lle ohanioal
Rubber Companynof New York is the larl!leat producer of this class of
good a.
In the ms.nu.faoture of stationers goods tba American Bard
Rubber Company is one of the largest ranking: with the Dixon crucible
company , 3berbard ?aber, Tyer Rubb er Co . , American Lead Pencil Coo,
and Hodgman Rubber co . There are 1 8 manufactur ing plants 1n this
line.
The Tyer Rubber Company of Ando ver , Seamles s Rubber Com:pany
•
of Hew Haven , a nd Seabury & Johnson of Nfl1f York a r e leaders amana
the aenn manufacturers of Surgical rubber goods .
Tre nton , N. J . baa six out of the .2.2 p lants apeoiali&lng in
fruit jar rings.
The re a.re 3.2 impo r'\:ant manufacturing plsnta 1n the OOWltry
engaged in the manufacture of rubber bo ot s anlt shoes . Boston lea la 1n
this line ot industry , having ti't'e plants , three ot whioh are the
largeat in the oountr,..
Akron, Ohio, with only ten establishments, produoe s 7o,f, ot
the wtomobile tires manufaotured in this oountry. Trenton,R .J. has
nin e tire p l ants and ranks seoond in this line of indus t ry.
•
12 , 000 ,000 automobile tires are produoed in Akron annuall;r ,
valued at onr ~1 50 , 000 , 000 .
The largest tir e man ufaoturers
in Akron are the Firestone ,
Goodrioh, Good;rear and Swinehe a t t Companies .
The Wchelin Tire Company is looated in W.lltown, n.J . , th e
l epublio Tiro
Oomp~
at Youngstown, Ohio and the J.ome and AJu:
oompanbs at Trento n .
There is no logioal. reason why tire manu:f'aoturo cnn be
oo nduoted more profitably in Akron or Trenton than in oome other
•
parts of the country .
The great requisites fo r successful tire manufacture are ohoap
tuel oosta , and an ample supply of pure soft water at l ow cost .
�Jb I
•
The price of oruh rubb e r baa gone up materi&ll7 during t he
p!Ult two years . llormal ly , the fine "up rh·er" Para rubber was sold
at 75¢ to SOr/ per lb . The Y&rietiea o1' orude rubbu with their
mtU"ket quotations in January • ere as followa ::PARA.
Op - ri nr, :Une per lb •. • •• •• ••• •• 87
Op- riYer , ooarae ••••• • ..•••••• o . 67
Islands , ooarae • o • • • o • • • • • • o • • • • 43
Cauoho ball, uppe r ... . . .... . ..... 71
cauoho ball, lower . • . • . •••••••• . 69
Cameta • .. , . , ••• • • .• •• . •. •• • . • •• o 44
Islands , fine •••••.••.•• •• • • •• •• 82
CBYLOII. i'irat Latex pal a orepe •••• • •••• o 94
:Brown orepe . ... . .... .. , . . ....... o 92
Smoked a heats • •. • •• . • • ••••••••
92
CEIITRALS- Corinto •.•• , ••.• , •• • •• • ••• o • • , , 64
Esmeralda ••• . .••• • • . . • ••• , . • o • • • 63
Gua)"Ule ••.•• o • • • • • • , • • o • • • • o • • o .
.Balata , aheet o • • • • • • , • • o • • • • o • • • • • 60
:Balata , bl ook . . ...... .... .. ..... 41
~ICAN Plassai , red • • ••••••••••• o o • • o • • ,
o.
•
a. •.
a . - 68
a •••
a ••o
a ••••
i •. ..
a . ...
a 95
a 93
a 94
a 66
a .•
a
a 62
a 48
a
STATISTICS 0!' THE RUBBER IUDUSTBY
The goYernme nt oen aua for 1914 ehowa 331 eatabli shments engaged in the ma.nufaoture ot rubber produota , the total Yalue ,
of their p roduotio n fo r that year being Yalue d at $300 , 251 , 827
dhided as follows :-
•
•
:Boo ts • •• • • • .••• 4 , 024 , 486 pairs ••• •• • • ••
Sho e s ... .... .. 57 , 211 , 728
"
........ .
Automobile Tin Casing& •• 8 , 020 , 815 • . • • • ••
"
"
Tubea •••• 7 , 906 , 993 • ·o• •• •
Solid • • •• . •.• • • .• • •• •• • • o+
Bi & !ll:ltor Oyola Tires • • 3 , 728 , 138 • ••.•••
Bel ting •.•••• • •.••• • • .• • ••••• • ••••••••• . • •
Hose • •••.•••••••••• • • ••••• •• • • • . • •• • • •o • • •
l'aok1ng • ••. • •• • • o • • • • • • • • •• o • • • • • • • • • • •• · •
Clothing o • ••• •• ••• • •••• • • •• •••• • o. , ••• •• •
Druggists &: Sto.tioDers • · • • · · •••• • .•• • · · · • •
Other rubber J.lanufaoturea •••.•••• .•• ••• • •••
$12 , 647 , 934
37,858 , .222
105 , 6 71 , 223
20 , 098 , 936
13, 735 , 681
6,905 , 852
7 , 989 , 405
16 , 853 , 693
3 , 507 , 651
6 , 396 , 810
7 , 527 , 755
39 , 983 , 969 .
�•
•
•
STA'l'E.1EHT OF THE IJ.AllU?AOTIEE OF
TWBlH~
•
GOODS .
CCMPA...i\ATitiE Sm.IIJA:I.Y: 1909 AND 1 914.
CENSUS
___ill!
Bel ting and :
hose .
: Percent of
,Rubber goode
, other than
Boots
, and shoes .
1 909
TO'lAL
, belting and
:·ffJreaae
• 1 909 - 1 914 •
. hose , and boots
and shoes
Humber of 88tabl1 eh:acnts
Persona angaged i n t:anldaoture .
Proprietors and firm members
Salaried employe ea .. . •.•• .. • ,
11age earners (average numbs r l
Frima.ry horsepower , ... •. ••• . , •
Capital ••.•.• • • • • ..•. . • . . . •.. . •
Services •. •• • .••• . .. .... . • • , •• •
Salaries . .. . . • ••.. •.. . .• •.•.. ••
Wages • • ••• • •••• • • ,, • • , • • , ••• . , .
Materials •••• , .. • • •••• • • , ••• ,,.
Value of products,,,., . , , , .• . , •
Value added by oonufaoture
•
{value of products l e sa cost .
of materials}, . • , ., .•.• . •
il
..
18.
6,205.
23.
20 , 359 .
1, 090.
5, 115.
22 , 995·
22 , 437 , 000.
4 , 596,000.
1 , 693, 000.
2 , 9oe,ooo.
12 , 967 , 000 ·
2:3 , 561, 000·
1 , 670 .
18 , 687.
24 , 621 .
$46,051 ,000 .
11,945,000 .
1, 958 , 000 .
9 , 987,000.
23 , 956 , 000.
5:3, 822,000 .
301.
342 .
62 , 257 .
88 ,821.
85.
87 .
11,952.
14 , 712.
50 , 220.
74 , 022.
151 , 927 .
1 99 . 543 .
199, 183 , ooo . 267 , 671, ooo .
43,906 , 000 . 60,446,000.
12,627 , 000 . 16 , 278 , 000.
31 , 279 , 000 . 44 , 1 68 , 000.
126 , 112 , 000. 163 , 035 , 000.
223 , 611 , 000 - .300 . 994 ,ooo.
10,594 , 000 ·
29,866,000·
97, 499 , 000 · 137 . 959 , coo .
.
.
e
..
26 7
56 , 069.
103.
6,692 .
49 , 264 .
122 , 436.
162 ,145 , ooo .
32 , 978 , 000.
7, 841 , 000.
25 , 157,000 .
lf2 , 745 , 000.
197 , 395 , 000.
15. 5
119 . 8
60 . 3
63 . 0
66 . 1
8 3. 3
107 , 6
28 . 1
74 , 650,000 :
84 . 8
75.7
32 . 8
52 . 5
<
g-
�•
•
•
•
�J:JO
•
neu York .aty is tho butto::1 oar:ti:et of the r:~rld . ?rnot .:~all;
ell tLo . uttona of nary ::1n<1 sold in ,he Jni ted S~atos have tl:.oir
original soarJo of dlstribut!oe in ··a\7 York , end buttons to the
v.'ll.ue of ovor 1,:>00 , 000 ere D.!Ula!Qly o::::;:;ortoJ iroa :Io~ York to
foreirn OOtt:lL"ien; 'th!s ex 'rt bueiaeso .e.v.ng in~ree.oo:l over 100,
during tho ··:ot ..'iva yon:·e .
0
1
oker ,.h~r~e~~e~c;o~~~r~f ~;a ~~t~~Zs ~f t ~1 j~~~f: m:~!~t~~ed in
llew Yo!-l:: . EL'ld sold .rJc .. ho at::~cbJ ~tirr!ec
wre to he roto.Uors
and o~no1 e:-s lll"Jug· ·1t the oountr;;r .
Ill other words o.
·u::"o.aturer of uaoel st:ell butto:1s in rowa
<70u.ld u. ip 1:10. t of · 1 s :i'i;::ishet _:rrod<l.Ct to is jo bing house in
!'ow Y~rk oven ;;hou.rh ,
lw:- •o ;l·~por-!;1 .. :1 of t ... t rnduot :aight
J tor be ebl:p:pod b ok
ain to u.ltl. e.te oonsuuo~·o in the iddle-r;o~~ ·
~he ftt.:t
1c.t !lew York ie 'the VI'(> 1t bu~tou l:lllrkot of ~ho
oou.ntr-.r given
diati;..wt c.dvun.ace to ~he button f:lanu.ic.oturor whooo
lJla.nt and t'laln offioo ie '"ear 1:ow York,
•
J\n infinito vcr1aty o! b"J.ttons is r:~::nuiacturod , but those
vurities can be di•:ided into tho foll:min
ena.·lll
ou.JJ :
?oc.rl :euttono
Shell (_,tl:or tl:ll.."l ec.r1)
:BO:l&
<.:eto.l - (llilit . .ry)
Wood
Cloth ovverod (:..etE-1 , l'..._!Jor .::~r ,thor ::mta::-!.c.1)
Celluloid
_::~_
::~o!tiJn
Jot
G1o.as
.l'"ate
J'Jllar- d f
lorn
Ivor
She~o
Veta :&ble Ivory
GJove
•
'i': a r:.~ucti;:Jn or c.ll vo.rtet!as of bo.:tt:~.
d"J.ri
tho ye r 1 14 llrlOU."lted to
'n
1:o Jhited St .teu
~20 , 7Sll , .[l5 •
In qucnt .ty t .o a.nnulll out_ ·t of JuttJn:J in
accord~ n
to
•e ·';ovorntumt census ie UJm~:c
of
10 U~itod Jtntea
i:cty cil .ion fl'OSC.
The ~:~oat i or1;=.nt br ••.nch o:t' t· o button lndn::r .. r;r io the
.o .her of e;;.rl buttono. Tho output of .'Otxl butto:1s for l9H r:ce
t'l7onty aix t:~ill1 Jn Toea , or nou-ly ~1f of ti:e utton •rJduotion
of the ootmtr;y .
Of t:1e tr.o brunoheo of t .... e e;.;.rl ou.. ~;on _ dle~;ry, ::no .v.n\U.O.CI.-~
o:. bu-.;tone i'rou rrotLll ';'I-ter ol":ella , .:nJ= co
o cuneel or un1oe, is
0:1' t!::a
.eatoot 1. Jr. :100, overt·. onty O:la t:ill~on ~"JEIS of buttons
®de ...'no froeh -.;-~tor sAell~ bei.:.e u· --~- turc(l. ia 1~14. co e.g.c.inot
four .. n~_iJn , f~ve 1.u;:.ir d
Jtt::l .::J.Ii gz-.:~:Js
r:u:.: ·tureu i'roi:l ooec.n
c.rl.
e ·1 f;hells , lr .ot .. o. of
•
r;e:;ct; i •. 1~. 'r~n..::e 1$ t .e.- u..WlO :::e :.f
•
.c
1 vor;.
u:: t!nf; o over z'i ve -1:u:.~n --:•o..,u LJ.d •·-ird
ia ~~e ~""-'-':l.:.~tse o! con:-o..i. t:.:. t'J.t:lS. . Tho ·tun ~ty
tl:o •: .ri?us ki.t:l1o ot buttol
.e..-.u.:.actllro L 1914 , is
.?ro: :e otable
in 1. lr
oe
nd -~lue of
as foll::lr:s:
�•
•
•
.:ots1
20 ' 791
n1uo .•••••...
~~~!e , : :: : :::. ::::::: :: ::: :::: 2 ,19~ :~!~
Cellul.o i d, plcstio • • • • . • • . • .
023 , 1G9
Collar
Cuff . • •. . .• . ..• •• , •. l, 771 ,053
Glc.se .• ••• , . ...•• •.. .• , , .• , . .
..:17 , 224
Liorn . . . . • . . • • , .. , .... . .•• , • • . 537 ,096
r vo.y . .. • .. . .. .. .. .. .. • • • .. •
J2 , 56J
~etnl , not inoludinf: trouser
or col1c.r a.1d cuff:
Dre~:s or u:;.i!":ITIJ • . . . • . . .
7 , 823
.11 other .. .. , ..... . ... ,
Vl7 ,74.0
Po r1 or ul.oll :
:rroah -::::.tor •.• • • • •.. , . . • :;1 , 664 ,436
Ooet::.n • .. . .•....•••. • .•. 4,516 ,969
Shoo .
.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 , 20 , 037
Covered •.• , . ..• . , •.• , • .. .•• . , 3 , 017 ,436
Trouoor :
s;;eol . .. •• .. . . . .. . . .. .
535 , Z07
Other neto.l ....••••••. , .
252,.:48
VS':"Ouable iVOr'J .. .. .... . 2 , 209 ,402
Otter co:~_ :J. 1t i:Jn • . , . . , . 1 , 510 , 272
VB<'"O't .. bJ.e i V':Jry , tOt inol"J.d . 1!:. tr':Juscr :
2 ,oJB , 003
wood ..•.. , . . • • • • . . . • • . . . . • . . .
1 , 631
Otlle::-s , not &pacified
1 ,458,446
I'll.rto o:! butto.:J.::~ • •• . . • • • . . • . .
3!38 , 201
Dl=;ce . or ;..old a •••... . •. •... 14 , .504 , 148
Sue.p f~stene~-s fe.:eat roes)
Steel
Ul7 , 895
otcor _etc.la
011 ,151
.ll1 othor 'roducts . , •• , • . ••• , .• • •• , • . , .. , • .
. ~·q:
5 ,100
329 . ~34
72-1,354SG , 251
100 , 201
.9~.467
28J ,1,84
za., ,:;:..;z
172,133
, 8 9 , 344
2 ,489 ,364
610 , 796
1 , 600 , 178
307,002
44 , 150
l , J£0 , £27
658 , aJO
1 , 559 , 276
2 , 5!:2
388 , 538
lll , J25
2 , 349 , 412
159 , .5Sl
252 ,034
1 , 797 , 9!10
~he Govor~ent repor.e .lho;;
·aw '(or .... is t: .. o tJOst ii:lPO-rtant
button aa.n:dacturins s · te 1n the cow. ·r:i , ~-, i n £ .. 4 or ..os.rl~ ht:.l:f'
of tho toto.l ::w::.ber oi 517 , buttJn pl nts . Io.,.v. runs nezt r.ith 01
plants , - Jar. Jorso~· . ti:ird , .!.th 60 !'ie..::ts, - Illi oLe . !'o:J.rth , -::ith
31 })':' ..• a, - ?enne;·lv~ ·a , Zi£tl! . "'"ith :'1 ~~1 .a,
d o·~· Bl' stt:.tos 1:"
::~rdt'r a.·e Jonne.::tic!.!t , _nac:.:.c:.!:.oro -~; , Cali~ornio. , ~.i&souri , Ohio ,
Arkanar.e , Xentucky , Llinnas.J~S. , 'Jl3hi.1::ton , · '.ode Iel&.::~d , ·.:e:mcssoe ,
':7·J~'ti Virginic. ~d "is.:: "l3in .
~ho ThOtJ!!S Iteg1atar of .c.nufc.cturoro lict;D nll:7 o.bout 100 of .he
total button t~:mu.fo.oturoro o-r ~he ~ountry.
). the bc.oia of the Thonue
re ~.nto u.'ld ot: or ro)or-;;~ ~•·t.iluble ,,J.ueono .Ol'JUgl:. , with 1 s 13 poc.r1
butt .1 ::...:. ts , a:;t ·c~r::; t e t.nd 1st i~ t:~e t..1bor o ~ stabli::;hr.:.w::ltS
LW..
c.ct~·!.:J.t: ocean :pcc.r1
1"to;10
;d in 1;" o
.. ~~i~.·
11 ·:;:;.lue of
t':i3
rti.::·tl r r:Jdu~t .
..w.nl:c.t ~ .::o:Jeo ~o·~ c.::~d !lec.:ll"k t'hird .
In t!:c
Io-;-.-a ,
~·c..~::.
In
~
'l
!turo ;,_ f 'l
1 .e .
!;!.lJ ,
l et r.ith 17
.e _c.;.a.:,.
turo
e~·
·or~
- "
c)
,
tico
onors
~o&r
:tviUe(;ts~o~ec~!e ~~~ou .o~; ~~o~!·~~~~obtt~-~~~kbit~ lil ' ntbotk{~7l
:Bona butto
•
t.nd Philo.delphin •
otu:·e!l in ,.. ldd1otol":n , Conn . , ln Chiocgo
Of
�.JU~
..::.oat :~f ho out ut o:!: ''e slcoo but-tou in : ... tr;r is :tU.:nctt:r'JO.
in :e'l7 !:11 :;.. •d , <bO C\7 '.tork. .ru: :our such la;...
1. •:e'l7ark J ,
•
:!'...ot·
::orweotiout ht:.d Jeve:•el 1. ort...r:t -l&lLB
of' bT:WS "d tl'Ji r·r b• ~or.s :)~ yrri
":"0
""le ·e
~: 1"::.
re 13 :Jellul. ·
:;;
1. .ow :or£
b··tt
s.
re 5 cooposit.on
hllo 2 ..nd 'T r. ··ork 2 .
Tl.::ll'O
t::nw
lCc.!'tS,
dov:~ted t::~
·
QC.
o:f'
b.ich
e~·e
re.) 1
a evotoi!. ~::~ t~::e ::m.u:fnct _
2 of ,;ue::a bein lo ted 'n ::ou -:ori:.
'" ore re 7 ,>1 t"r.l s:po.:ic.li::Ll
are lo.: .ted 1 1!8'17 York .
•
:.10.
o!'
~r;;.
1ui'e.oture jet m·.-ton:) Ad
l'O
?-
•. .::h
lasa buitO .. I;l,
~ho~e
lo::: ted
l-
.::onneo. lout
in _:.:..ave b\\ .;ons . of
6 ,hllr.."lto &;;..... U:c.c(;ure l:orn bui.tn1s , ee·rert.l
loct.ted in lhiaago .
2 plants
the cw.nu-
'e .
lG
he
~uoh
4
'e1ntr
··ol'l York .
Thoro c.ro 7 :plc..'1'\.D ll oted .:t:.l.~llOtu.rinr \700don buttons, moat
•heo boi.J loc ted i•J Indie.:ac., Ohio and ;.J.ohiga.:J .
The r>roooss of u&-"lui'o.otura of lC--rl buttons is :::~oot interostinr•
.:.J.l the ohell io used , ~rlth tl:e e::toe~tion '- ·.·hut is ~lllled the " ili.u."
whi ·h ie too hs::::l to out . :..11 oce£!.."1 e<:.rl batto;.o ca ...c.de .. rom he
z:1all o.: ti.e '!llvc.lve :C:orrn. .a ..:elea.gc1.1& - Ol:gont1:ero , or better
·:::own to ::;:tl.Uu.;._e.ct~ rs c.s ..o<;hor of ·:ae.rl ehell . ...heoe shells c.re
~
orted _r·
·\Uttrll.l.i , tho Indta.n .I;.d i~::ifio ocean oo:.u tries c..nd
the i:':.i:Ii. inec .
O":er 2 , JOO tons
::~f
t'- s ehell a.re L_ ortc1.0 inta 1<l!o united
to ;:er. Y::~rk a:J.d distr!bt.;. e c.o
3'&.tea :re&rl. , _,oat o! •t co ... in
o:;:ow:
2~ ~uoona
lA
17.~
•
orth Dergon
::anha-:; tan
.<!e"ln:.rl::
·n.e <:too.=.shtp oh1 ... 1n,.. rata <lt .-eye t .:. uy.mrd:. X:: 100 !·!I'
ton , al; _,: h bel'o.·e .;he w •• tho r;..te ;a:.o uoh loss . ..he shell 1
reaoived in bo::::es woir;hin h'oo 200 to 400 lbo . ~d iB orth froo
1 , 000 to ~1 . 200 per "on •
Oyster hells and 01 .or tlcntlc coa;,~ sl".cllo cWU'lot be wed
for butt n -•u.f-cturo or tho ec.sor. th ~ .::o~ ~·,1 too ooft t:.Dd
·lJe::-o lB .. o::.·e to be Ju:.d,
Tho shell 10 !ir
oo~:"d ill 7;l.tOl' _or c. fe;l cl& a .
hie l-1 .o
e. tendency to oofton it ·Jofol·o it is cut i .to ·.7h t 10 oc.llod " bl;.;.nl;:s"
by tubulnr u~eel .utters, cooloU by '" - t<Jr . The blmL:o c..·e then rnli~
br l:und into dif!e:ront thicknossen , fter 11ioh ho;r c..·o ..:c.oo( and
w
~~ifi~de.o , Tr.~8io~\0r0i11r'h ~~i~.ibe~ 1o!{'b~c~;nEJ'C~l~e:::f!tJtt~10 .~e)11}z;rf
thea plmed in revolving drUI:lo, ·hlch oon.:t'n ol!chinl atorlc.ls ,
nnd polished after t:hiah they e.ro sorted by :.. c::in_o _<J "tO : des
in til1okncao md 1 to!' sorted by hMd s to ~olor or de!eoto.
As the "hill" o! the mholl oanno~ be usee in ~:~uklng buttons,
thoro i::s
oonsldera.ble
to , but tl:lz "h1l.1.
o:;:,::s a v~l . .able
n- 1 - p·oduot" &!> it is :ule · ;;a Utlbrolln e.nd .:nife
c.ndle. , and the
like .
•
~he :w.cl::1n"a 0:1. '17ilicil the shell iS out ,
Tound , drilled o.nd
polinheil into . . u.tona ~re not of o~;."J_ lict.tsd .... e~;i('!l Wld ::so ~he
eq.:i_ .ent of c. butt::~n 1 .1 • • oes ;:ot re ·rooa ..t e very t;re~>.t invoet~O;J.~
.nd he oo t of up kao~, is ;·o1:r a:..cJ.l , oo t.he tubul r out ere
o.nd o~:~sll drillo u::-e nbaat t-11 -hloh raquirea o:tet. re~ n.::ooor.t .
�•
•
•
•
Other mataric.lo u:.;a' in '.;ho
'aoturo >J"! .oB-!'1 buttonu o..:e
au.lphutic ec!d , l:l.JU<c.tic acCd , ::lt:..l':' us , poro::ida , be.:na , lioe Jye .
Those
terie.ls :...1'0 used. ::;·el;;r t
·~li::lb t\!lcl ,.iva the bu;;ton ";;ho
glo.os;:; e!fe~t nd to give t 01:1 e ~1· r r Clolor •
The curds on .11 ch '1o butt ns ~'r'O c:r:led !?..1'' aoat t1ll bought
froa ::e:; Yor:, , nd tl:e 8/l!.lC is true oi' tile b::Jzes , maur c.:mcerns using
~ high .a '1 , 000 \':orth of ~u.=do .nd boxoG oe.ch Jea.r ,
�•
•
•
•
�J~a
•
l'RINTIIlG AIID PUBLIS!!IllG
Danbury can feel proud of ita one newspaper , the Danbury
Bows , which is uee11.ed eTery afternoon . This 11ewopaper 1e strictly
up to-date and progreeehe and fu.rniahas an excellent news serTice .
There are eight job printing eatabliabmente in Danbury as
follows:
Danbury Pr intiRe Co .,
s. E . llhitt&ker
Gee . 1 · Allen
Danbury Be;-ra
r . 3 · Olmsted
3 • .E • Ha111l ton
Pro111pt Printery
E . c. Gahrek
I•
These eight plants employ 52 persona (15 of whom are fema.lee )
and pay out $34 , 900 annually in wages.
The largest of these is that of the Dahbury Printing Co .,
which baa 30 ellplo yeea .
The further donlopmont of the printi.D& Md publiahina
business in Janbury io both poaaible ud desirable , as tho employees
are males and well paid .
The
lo~o.l
printina needs of Danbury are well supplied , by
!hia~~=s~~:.J;~!~ 'P:~~t~:;b:fa:~~!~!ta d~~~~r!bi!n!;:~t~!~~~!a
:r~~f~~r!sll~; m~~:~~p~rn:o:~o~l::tl:~:~;a;;z~e!~a~~~ fo r m
Plants of this kind are operated sucoeaafully outside of
uew York •
•
•
A numbl!lr of tho hat supply houses and paper box concerns
such as the Bino Box & Printing co. , haTe printing plants in
oonneotion with their other lines of work tmd do a considerable
amount of ap l!loio.l printing for the lae.t trade •
�JU .J
•
•
•
•
�•
TEXTILE HIDUSTRIES
The textile induatry of Danbury ie confiaed to the operation
of three silk mills , one plant ~a.king cotton thread !I.D.d ofte small
plbt making ro.g carpets and r a gs .
The l atter , the Danbury RU£ >1orks , 18 of small pre cent
lmportanos e~~.p l oying only three rtu , but is likely to develop into
a manufactor y of wire cloth.
The thread works , that of c . r. Rob i nson & Co ., is a l so a
::~ lt e~!e~ri:; ~r~~~:Y~ t~! 1 ~t:!rio~~~~ci :~e 0 ~t w~: ~~;t~!males '
1
textila industry.
The uterlal U£ed at this pls.11t 1a cotton yarn an i.'J this la
twisted or epun and WOUild iD.to finish ed spool sewlns thread and
sold to the general trade .
•
The cotton textile industry has largely dncloped in Connecticut
the total pr oduction of cotton iOOds in this .,a tate being OYer
~25 , 000 , 000 in nlue a.nnua.lly.
To produce thea. goods Which consist of pl:l.in cotton cloth ,
abeetings , fancy WoTen fsbrica , ticka , denims , yarns , thread and waste
O't'er 57 ,000 ,000 pounds of r&l'f cotton are requ ired annually .
It is rather strange that the cotton inilustry bas not spre!ld
fr om other parts of Coanecticut and Uaseachussetts into Danbury and
denloped here to large proportions .
It is still possib l e that the industry ll\QY be den loped here
and a careful; study should be made of the character and trend of
cotton manu1aoture to ascertain which of the special lines could b&
most &asily and adl'antageousl 1 deT&lopfd.
Effort should then be made to i nterest large cotton m.anu1aoturi ng
oonoerne to establish branch plants here .
•
It ie probable that the denlopment of mixed cotton and silk
fabrics would pro't'e most &d't'antageoua and a line 1110Bt easily del'elope(l. There is already a good ousto1111r fo r such a plant establ ishment here, ·\Varner Bros . Co . , manufactorere of corsets who consume a
large quantity of cloth of 't'arioua kinde.
The manufacture of the coarser grades of cotton good s is
rapidly dneloping ill the South and it ie probable that the cotton
i:r:adustry in the Borth will only expud and s;row. in the finer lines of
cotton waTeB•
The mauu1aotu r e of cordage particularly of cotton rope and
t wine is entirely logio!ll for Danbury and theBe a:re lines of industry
that might readily be il e.,.eloped hero .
0 8
1
the
these states that it ts not likely to be re11.0nd to
to other localities .
woo~~ ;e~~l;nf~~:t;;, n~ei ~t ~s t~~ :~;o*i;""!ai~~~i!~:d f~
•
an.v
l arge extent
Tho most that can be said of the poes ibilitteo fo r \'IOOl textile
4evelOplllent in Danbury is tho.t this loco.tion is as fa't'o r able as many
others where woolen mills are now established o.nd it is poaeible
that through the expansion o1' the industry and the establishment of
branch plants of the large woolen companies , Da:r:abu.r,y may find an
opportu.nlty to soouro an industry of this kind ·
�•
Ow in&: to Danbury ' a nearness to the new York market , thla would
!~r ~~r~;~~;{oi:;~;;bi:b;~::: 1! i~o; ~!i ~:~ :ii=;:fo!:bne
1
1
robu , or iD wool felt , wool hats, or woo len cap uterial .
In fact the dndop111ut of the wool oap industry would be
:;~~=~ally
lo&ioal beoauae of D&nbury'a high reputation in the bat
The Silk Industrz .
It is in ellk
~~rutu:faoture
howeTer that Danbury baa the
sraateat opportunity for denlopment in the textile industry .
manufa~;~:~~ ~::..:i:•Fru-:~;~m~h!h~~1~:;: :;t:!;!s~f
4
t:;.: !!;~
euhtantial silk mUla , two of which !1811ufaoture narrow fabrics
and ona broad silks .
•
are
&II
Tbeu pla.nta with the number of perBoDs employed Uy aaoh
foll01t'B:
'l'lt'oedsr Silk JJills
Imperial Silk Works
Ber:hlden Silk JUlla
no
42
50
.U to&etber these a ilk lllilla employ 202 persona of wholl 170
are females.
pay
9
0
ouih;i~6~~e~~:~~;ti:nw!;e! !~ ·~~;:!!:~ !!a~:! ~~57~~~o.
l'heae three p1~mts occupy 47 , 000 square feet of floor apaoe
and requir e 210 prlma.ry horse power.
E:lp1oyeea of the silk llil1a &re well paid , the 11en reoeiYins
:troll ~16 . 00 to 22 . 00 per week o.nd the glrla and wo11e.n froll C6 . 00
to ~a.oo . 'l'wo of the milla are opeh and one is Ull.ion and the worlrlAi
time ia 50 hours per week. '!'he wage soa1e is aa follows:
•
iieaYera
.71ndera
Warpera
on .oo
to .::e2 .00 per week
11
10 . 00 to 12. 00 "
10 . 00 to 12 . 00 11
The lle rfe lden .Hlk Uill located in Bethel rruulUfaoturu broad
ailka, prlnoip&lly dreaa silks .
The Tweedy and Imperial mills manufacture bat band ribbon
and silk urd and bra.id. Their eeta.bliahment he re waa brought about
by the dem31lda of the hat trade by which lars:e q"Wmtitios of hat
band ribbon are oonatllled a.nnually .
~
import!:";~~
raw ailk used by these mills is
Japu
through so• comes from Ohil:l11 , India and Italy. This raw ailk is
purchased in New York , tb.e a ilk market of the country .
The bat bo.nd maautactu rera use solle artifioi&l silk and 1:1011e
cotton i• T&rioua srades of their products .
The silk marm:t'acturera a.:re able to secure their cut c.srds Wld
wlnding cards from the local paper box concerns.
It 'lfOnld be sroatly to the ad•ant~e of the three silk aills
oJ.ready eatabllahed here and to the fUture denlopment of the
industry if a dyeing works wera established here •
�.,..,
The location o! lar5e d7eing works in :Paterson , n.J., did
much toward the dnelopr:~ent o! the s!l.k industry in that city.
The m:lin requirement o! a dye works location is ample
supply of pure eheap water
Danbury oan fill this requirement .
an"
As the three Bilk mills now located her11 already offer oonBid!lrabh busi:r.IIBS for euoh a.n !l&tablishmeat llltd as there would be
,.
plenty of busin11ss from other text ill! works in Conneotiout , it
appears that it would not be difficult to induce SOllie dyeing
concern now located elseWhere to put in a p l ant here . Such works
employ male hlep and pay good wages .
In coDsiderlng th11 silk industry there must nec essarily be
malle a close stUdy of the conditions existing in the industry in
:Paterson , li . J ., which is the leading silk manufacturing community
in this country .
,
There are 397 plants of "f'arious kinds in :paterson de"f'oted
to the production of silk goode . Th!!Se Bilk millo employ 23 , 100
parsons ( about half women) and pay out ~15 , 829 . 516 annually in
wages . l'he "f'O.lue of their products in 1915 was J52 , 358 , 000 and there
is O"f'!lr thirty six million dollars capital innsted in the indust r y
1n this one oi ty.
The 1 914 gonrnment etatistiea show a total of 900 Bilk
manufacturing establishments ill the country.
'l'hese ')00 silk mille produced silk goods in 1914 nlued at
.;)253 , 764 , 170 .
Uei:ns the "f'alue of silk produots of Paterson in 1 91 5 as a
~i!~:s ~s a!~:{n~b!b:!m!h~n t~~~~ !!lf/~~~:~t~!~:r~~nt!;p~:;;ed
to produce about on&- fourt of the total silk manufactured in the
entire country.
The production of silk goods of various kinde in 1914 was
as follows :
•
Broad eilks-
---ya;ra-
216 , 033 , 696
Value ··· · ···· · ·· ···· •• · ·· · · · · · · · · • · ·· $ 137 , 719 , 564
All silk goodsYards
142 , 713 , 359
Value ... · · ·• •· .. • .. • ••. •••• •••• . • ·• ·
96 , 689 , 801
Piece~ df:d59 , 304 ,041
V&J.ue
38 , 819 . 874
Printed- - , a rds
4 . 528 . 453
Value
2 1 637 , 231
Yarn , ~;y
ga
Value
~-
•
Value , • . • .. ••.••• • • • ••••• • •• , •....• • , •
:Piece dyedYards
Value
:Printed-
--rara-e
Value
Yarn
;z as
Value
78,880 , 865
55 , 232 . 696
73 , 320 , 337
41 . 029 , 763
39 , 559 , 303
21 , 843 .055
310 , 731
203 , 848
33 , 450 , 303
18 , 982 , 860
�tUU
•
Vel't'et&
- ---varas
Value
~
.Pluahes
----,araa
Value
Upholstery ond tnp•atriea-
f arda
Value
,.
~;!~:• &a:infi~! : !:3.~:
'l'ailora 1 tr1DIIIII1J1i& , value
11111 tary trinnings , Talue
l.lachine twiat.PoUllda
Value
Sewing attd embroider1 DilkePounde
Value
!'ringe and fioHa ailka-
~ 38 , 201 . 293
1 , 328 , 933
33 , 500
1,025 , 188
3 , 073 , 648
210 , 741
431 , 422
669 , 54.0
4 ,036 , 007
744 , 708
5 , 046 , 452
Pouda
1 57 , 791
598 , 354
Pounda
1 , 49.2 , 999
6 , 325 , 291
Value
Or&:anzi.ne , for e&h-
Value
·
for~al-
Potuu!s
Value
Spun Bilk, for BalePounds
Value
All other products , 't'alue
Reoe1Ye4 for contract work
•
9 , 114 , 992
10 , 135 , 842
477 , 699
840 , 126
Ribbons , l'&lue
Laces , nata, 't'eila , Ye111age , e tc ,, Ta.lua
Elllbroidertea, TO.lue
Tram,
16 , 318 , 135
8 , 570 , 0:!.2
2 , 577 , 402
9 , 698,637
1 , 607 , 416
4 , 577 , 058
13 , 516 , 248
8 , 395 . 044
Work done by throwetara f•teria.ls furnished
by others . l
Thrown into organ t. iDe , pounds
7 , 130 , 032
'l'hrown into tra~~~ , pounds
6 , 806 , 948
\ihile Patereon still leads as the center of the silk industry
:~:r:o:~;;~a
a!g ~:t:r!~~d:;;;a;:O:~ ::lfo~!;rf::s,;fp ~!·~~e our
industry .
Aooording to Da't'idaons Silk Direotory, Pahraon poaseased
32~ ot the total nWllber ot silk mills in 1909 l'l'hile in 1916 the
city possessed oMy 21~ ot the total .
Pennsyln.nia has been the largest ralner by the spread o:f
tht~ industry , although Uew York State and New England hanpro:tihd
to some ertant .
The Da't'idson Direotory lists 540 &ilk mills as located in
Pennayl't'ania , 513 in Ii'e" Jersey , 403 in New York State , 223 in
lfew E!Jaland States &Dd 151 located elsewhere .
•
Da't'tdaona Direotor,y includes silk hosier,y eato.bllahllenta
s.nd tbro,.aters in mald..na ita totoal o:f 1830 plants •
Of the total 498 :.ills in the eountr,y mak11l£ broad a!lka ,
Pah:raon has 241 and Pennsyl't'anla 137 .
�•
Of the tota1 172 ailla ma.nu:faetur:Ln& ribioaa, Paterson bas
57 ahd Pennsyll'ania 56 .
Of the total 246 fanay a.nd tie silk mattu:hcturors 1n the
country Paterson has 35 11ncl PennsylYanla 89 .
Of the 1 62 silk dY'!in&: plants in tho country Patercon has 40
and Dew York City 46 .
In the m:l..'lUfactura of eilkbraids Paterson baa only 2 plants ,
ll'aw York City 56 and Philadelphia most of the others .
In the ~Canufaoture of silk hoaiuy Psnnayh'ania leads with
102 plants out of o. total of 186 .
Out ot the 185 DP silk manufa.oturingplll.llta of all kinds
utablished durina; the past :~ear Pa te r son gain.d 91, Pennoylva.nia
: ork City , 19, ~nsaobusetta 5 , Connecticut 4 , and Rholle
2
~~i.!i.'"
•
Outs i de of :Paterson and liew York Cit;r the most i.Jiportant silk
manufac turing lOolllitios are Philadelphia , which has 79 plants ,
A.llantown , Pc . 28 plante , Readine , pa ., 26 p lant. , Scranton , Pa • 21
plants , Bethlehem , Pa o, 1.2 planta , Dew Bedford , llasa. 12 plSDts ,
Beaton ll pla:nts, Eaaton , Pa., 11 plats , J'ork, Pa ., 8 , Lowell , Us.s s .,
7 , Bridseport , CoJU1 . 7,
In the T(U'ioua classes of silk ~~amlfactu:re the sectional
diTision of p lante is as f o llows, as to n'llll.ber of plallts :
Kind of Manufacture
Braida
•
Total Pat . n .J,
~
.,.---..,
Plain silks
498- 24.1
Fllllcy & Tie ailks
246 70
Cotton & Silk -J.fixad
46
7
Silkj;lons & 1.11 ttena- 53
1
Silk Hd •:n. " Ufln.
2
31
Bat Banda
35 15
Sill Bolliery
2
1 86
9
i:~;!!~i:!lb
63
7
Tabular n eckwear
Labels and badsu
19
Silk lacings
33
Silk linings
18
Plusbea & <rol nts
24
3
Rib bOllS
172 67
Silk ahawls
3
11
S awin&: ailk , etc .
Spun ,;an. Yarns
19
Silk Sweaters
130
1
Si lk Tap a s
32
Com. 'l'hro wat er s
190
'nlr O"II'n silk
63
7
~rimtrln.s;s
233
2
U;pholatering Goodo
33
3
Umbrella aillro
88
Silk Underwear
43
Veilings &: lacu
38
Silk Wi re
.
35
3
2
2
12
1
13
3~
•
•
~~~~n:i~=~:~lins :~
Silk l:acbinery llipors- 6
Dyers Pinisbers &:
Printers
162
14
9
40 23
•..
1r
137
''
'
7
8
4
102
2
27
2
2
5
1
'
56
2
1
3
19
10
99
28
.
20
4
11
4
4
4
19
2
Elsewhere
~~ ---,;r9
•
22
•
5
1
2
26
1
1
3
50
6
2
142
2
26
27
24
7
3
8
20
•
2
3
2
6
9
9
7
2
20
8
9
•
12
6
15
3
1
12
'
13
.. ..
27
2
3
4
15
39
22
5
30
8
~
43
3
10
1
6
6
7
1
14
3
12
•
46
4
56
22
46
5
0
55
19
7
1
�•
Paterson is fa r in the lesd in the manufo.ature of broad oilks
as compared wi 121 other silk centers, haTinB 241 mills producing this
olass of aoods as agu.inat 10 mille in Allantown and 7 in Philadelphia .
In the manu:taoture of :fa.ncy a.nd tie silks Paterson baa 70 mills ,
Philadelphia 3 and Allentown 6 .
In the !llD..>tu:!acture of ribbon Po.terson bae57 mills , Philadelphia
12 and Allentown 13.
PhiladelphiOt. leads in silk hosiery IIIW:Iu.facture with 53 plants .
The business of "throwing" silk baa drifted away from :paterson
most rapidly due to the inOriiii.Bing coat of labor . In 1904 the re were
31 thrown Bilk concerns in Po.taroon, while Pennsylvania showed 48
concerns in tho B3l!!e line. In 1916 there ware only 19t of th•se
"oollllliasion throwster" eutablishmanta in Paterson, while Pennsyll'nnia
has lOS , thus indicating that so far as the "throwster" branch of
the industry is concerned Pl!lnnsylvuia is safely in the leo.d.
•
These "commission throwcter" plants is largely located in
smll towns where female lo.k<Jr is cheaper than in the cities.
The principal rea~on for the spreading of the inilustry from
Paterson hao been this ma.th r of labor oosts and supply of female
labor. Girls can be employed 1n ooa~e small tO'lfns at from J3 . 00 to
$& . 00 less per week tha.n in Paterson or &11,7 part of the liew York zone .
Where plenty of fema.le help os.n be secured the ratio of 90
female to 10 lll:lle workers can be IWI.illt!l.ined in op eration of silk mills
thus gre:~.tly lowering mnnu:faoturi:!l.e coats.
In Paterson , however , at tho present time the ratio is about
60- 50 duo to the shortage of female labor .
\'/bile lower labor oosta are an advantage to !l.:lnufaoturers
who ho.ve mills in these amaller towns, yet it is o. question whether
from New York City does not
o~Cs:f at!!~~!:! ~n!£!~1U:W~o!'t~
•
Uew York is the ::~ilk markat of tha country . Ilo matter , whare
tha silk is made it bas to be shipped to Manhattan Borough , J:l'ew York
for sale e.nd distribution .
So also in the matter of raw ms.terials . All manufacturers must
purchas e their raw silks 1n ll'ew York and t!lerfore i f a mill is located in Hew Jn.gland or llJ'l.Yll'here else 1n the country , the raw m:~terial
must be brought by express from New York ud the finish ed goo de sent
back to llow York.
Any- a lilk manufacturer would prefer to be loca~ed us closely as
pouslble to the llanhatt&n buying :lnd selling tn:lrkat to be ,i n olose
touch with same daily.
There are various reasons for Paterson ' a continued supremncy
is the silk industry , despite high labor costs and more or less labor
troubles.
The chief advtmta.ge is 1n the centralization of the trade a.nd
the concentration at this point o:t' allied industries.
•
One of the most important factors h as boen the ~ocation there of
so many l ara:e &ilk dyeing establishments , There are 24 such plants
employing 7 , 610 persona who receive $3 , &28,480 annually in wages.
�·lUJ
•
The p r oduct of t hese dye ing plants was ~1.2 , 414 ,000 1n 1915 .
Amona; there we r e uucb i1111.e:ue eatabliehments as those of the Uatlonal
Silk Dyeing Co ., IUI.d the J'eidiii4Illl Silk Dyei!!.g co . , the two largest
1n the c ountr y .
Tho particulAr reason for the l ocation of then d;yeine; works
in Pate r son i a th e uoellenoe , a bundance and comparat1Te ohoapneaa
of tho wa ter supply , an iJDODBe oonallllption of water beins required
in 'thte industry.
Paterson aUk 11anufacturers are particular ly fortunate 1n
¥::~:s:;:sl:o .:~~r:•~!ll;!~!;:o~f .!:~t;~o i:a:!~t!~Y ,.:;~o:~ti!:: · of
~~.fu maohiury a.nd some of thes e
s uch aa tho Eastwood Co11pan;v , Si pp Uachine Co . , John Royle &: Sons ,
t u tU • mo.oblnery , particularly silk
:~:J~a!:rf: !!~~~l:b~!~a:!~a;,.~~Y b:::~bl~;~• o!;a~ '~!:t
•
DL:I.Ihine replaoementa and repairs quickly and at the l o\nst po s sible
pr i ce .
Se·nr al concerns are enga ged sole ly in the manufactur e of
"r eads and htlrnass " , Qne of these being the ;Jacob ilald er Comp&ny ,
which emplors 100 man . There a.re 14 concerns in Paterson ens:a.ge d in
making silk smill suppli es a f "t'tt.riou.a kinde .
The eis}lt een " oollllission thr ows t ers" still located 1n Paterson
0
;~~"'~ui:~f!r!:W!:~ ;f.,!h~o~~;;:si~r !h:o~!~~a!:!!:!a
fa t~:O.:;~n:ilka
11Dd winding . " Sa n r al sat !lblishlanta do o:~.rd cutting for the silk
trad e aJJd a. tast i ng la.'Doratory i s an add ed oOR"t'enienoe in perJlitting
!!:e:::;;n~n o~h!h:.;:w o;i!~l •:h~;m!!t!e~~i;:~J~o=e~~r~ni~i!~af~'
protect the m!mufaoturers .
Another ad"t'ant:t.se to Paterson sillr: manufaoturerlil ia the
propondernnoe of skilled labor .
•
Paterson ' s Association of .:Hlk !!anu:faoturers has wiaely
established a textile school, and this school 1B oontinuallf proYiding new labor for the mills partlr t r ained in the preens of silk
manufacture •
TWEEDY SILK MILLS
INC.
Manufacturers of
~merican
•
Hat Bands
and Braids
Office a nd Fa ctory
D a nbury, Conn.
�·.tU J
•
•
•
�i.UJ
•
!.
e"" ito' C
..,hc~·e ti.re 157
l Ja e 1lX
d
a
tT:"illC , 1' .. e!l tare .. ,
;.o
t;
83 , ~ .. J ,
i C-;:l. ..l •• :.te.l
~ w!.
,~;ne i\!=tlt;
.,..
..u.t.it; 1410: ·;a.lua O-
•
followu : -
-~-
6
l;iUUL... L
u
o-:
er
ClO•
.0 a1
:!
.r
1
• ...:;
0.
•. J..
o
o...
o ,. :.:-1
.,_w • ...
.J
~-L
~
to .
:4 in
er.-.J. ... 113
l
.;.l!:!Sl.ec _rv
,,r_:,~
u.. r.n.are .ud ha
.: o .J:r 1:1-1 u. o s
.... ..; Ju ....; . .lf'.l.l L.;.1o......_.
11lla
~B • , .. , .. , ••.••••.. . , •. , •. , .
.'ri .cl .. 1 ..• or~ .: J
~ost
uri
cordc.ge ,
- e::oe .J..J..lltS
1~2~-
,,,.,..,,,.,., .. . ........ . .........
157
~
, ;.7 , ..u9
·a:
.Coat
:.: I!.•.···• . ··•••••
························
·········· 4J78 ,, v"/6
;J0 , 684
•• . • . •• • •• • • •• •• . • •..• •. •• • . •• •
,7'iti
~
ere lo.:: t i
_ , 13 In
•
>11
he
.11e
•
•
e:e
w!:1e0
:not oe
�•
•
•
•
�of~tbi
•
~na
••.•• . .•.
~oot
.. ool ( 1 co .. U•t1cn
l
Zc(uiv.e.lor;t of
OVG ill s,•oured
ooml.itlon · • ·· • ···-······ POilllde . . 10 , 476,716
Aliltl.lb.ir(iu~ . cobir ,
el .. ir . )
eto .) • . ...•. . •..•.•....• ,..,\' ia . • 11 , 540,!:i75
Cotton ••• o •• o • • , • • • • • • • • • • • •• _ .Hmda • • .:J ,l17 ,27;.
R
, o1•
! . E:, eto o .. .... .
J\ lo .. 1 , 170 , -&09
P..e::l 1. acl oo~ fiber o · •• •• • • • o ..10s .• .3,50.2,795
·oo1 ani o cr :.1'11
d ool
.o,
polt:li!S •• .:;_ ,OG4, ~9
lo e . . o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •• • ou;:de ..
11 , 31Jl
Che ..li E:.,
~ j
d:-
v~
.:lr V 1ue
,o30 , 114
739,955
297 , 6;52
70 , 813
409 , 5lo
1 , 019 , 07
6 , 97
;;5~ ,921
~~OQJ!J..1l..~
•
To
E'e1t ol
1
-o.ll"e . . .. .. . . •• . .. , o., ••••••.. . •. . •••••. "13 , 692 , 765
s ... . .......... . .. sq . ydso .
797 , 048
!ri....:.~i
nd linin_ :!:olte ,
'..di,
. felt
f:r~e
nils irw
e .• a . ydo • . 7 , 1.31 , 1&2
1 , 0 .J , 5r33
l' blll · -~ _ ie.no oovere •. • .•.. O'J. · yde ..
4 ... , l7!J
;;7.2,754
lodd1e 'el.s .. ............ .. Jn · .. :; , .1 , 62
.•'/3,3.,3
.dloas olts . ... .. .... . ....
e •.
, !!"1,795
4. , 104 , li36
13oot
d ..;toe .1..1.
3 .• , n.a .;. o
l , ...1i:. , f63
.ir ... e: 1
................ .::~ •
:; .. l , W , u
6~6 , ::142
... 1 o _er ·e1.s .... ,........
de .. 7 , 77,:.6;;
.,,6.1 ,001
e . .. .. .. . • .... . • .. ..
'E: ••
.:rv;;. , : 4
'111 , 751
11 o .e:.· rJducte, ..
.I
ct
J:r:.. • • • • • •• • • .• • • • • •• •• •• •• • . • . . . •. • • •• . • • • ••
503 , 185
.. eo1en ..: 1·ds . ... ... .. . .. .........
~ets
•.
576
1 ilOL :
!J~:im.L. , I:l:.i.lo o. , .• • • •• .• •. :,..;....ber
" im:i.lg , ~- .o ........... . -!ler
10 ,,:'_!.
~
1 t:!.
.. • .. •
ber
<J. 1oo .. s .................... , _
er
~
•
•
•
~
0
Plo
~r"
• • 31 ,<J.il
.. 1 , 1331
.. 1 , :Kl
.•
46
:i.OO
, , , •• , • o o , , . , , , , . , , ,
.,g
3 •• . •..• . .. , ..•... . . ,, .•• . ..._bor ••
c
'lS · o• · · · ··········ll~
...5
�::vrk
•
Jit~
.d 1'
~l
el
~a
-.
_
3l4.:~~i'<l
'lh
U.e 1 tter ..i2 .
~ore ;.l'O
L) o
r OJ7 e:.::
:L
:3 '
10 J .. i~od ~t ~~a
ot!ll"ln~ o rpot
n.._ ·ucs and the lrodu to of vho:r .:.'lunts in
l:Jl4 w a v&lu.od .t ~69 ,126 , 185 .
'ill
"ete;~a o:.)~~~;! •. "~fv~=~l;~a~e rH~ce~~ ~ago Y~~~ ~1!~ ) ~r;~~!!
0
0
10
dOre 1,;hr.n 37; of .;he total out~ 1t . ?e.ma;,-1. la rc.n..u secoud ,
~- osc.ohuaet ~a third , .J,)ono~ ~lea
·.rrth ,
.d .iTow Jerne;:r fifth
!n pr)dU.~~Lm . ~he n .bar of pl .~s 1 divided a !oil.>-::s :l'onna;l-,WJ.io.
·:ew York
63
14
12
1.:-osnc::uoe .ts
Hew JerceJ
J:mneotiout
4
3
Indic.no.
•
1
The _,roduoti:u. of tl:e vr.:.rioua ~.indo o! :~ode c u1' crtured
<'.n(l the quantity o ... tw.te::-ie.ls used in ~:..._lui&otu:re is a fol lor.e:
Pri :oi_.)C.l Uater~~lo .
uool (1::1 cona ... tton purc:....aed):
i7ool
1
?o~.da • . •. , • . , .. • • . , •.••.. .... • .. . ••. , • •
Cost ••. , •• 1 • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , , • • • • • • • •
!:!].ui·elont of abovo !.. sooureJ. :::.:~:J.u. ... t ... Jn,
Jt!'or noila nd ~o:l r,, ate :
...,g ,
~~~!!~ .::::::::: : ::::::::::::::::::::::::
Q
3
h ir (L.. o.J..,:dlt£:~0 •• -ir , Jl!t:e1 hair , otc. , ) :
~~~d~: ::::::::::::::: :::::: ::: ::::::; :::
Cotton ,
2. ,449
~10 ,493 , 743
~b;;9 , 2l" , a:n
'.4~~ :~ig
3s!g~ :~~~
do.~ostic :
Pounds •••. .•• , •••• , • • , • • , •• , . •• • • , •• . , • .
coat • . ••....... . , , . • , .• ...•••. • ..•...•. .
Y ... rna :
•
Woolan..?oa.nds . • •.••• • • , • , , • • o•• • ••• , ••• • ••
.:oat • . ..••. • •• o·, •• , •• • , •• • • •••••••
fl;;:,.atell .?ounds 1 • • , • • • • • • • • • • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • •
coat •• •••
o• •• • • • • • • • , , • • • • • • • , • • • • •
-e!"ino (;;:,attn, .1xed 1 l'ounda •.• o· • • • • • • •
.::1at .• • ..
• • • •• • • • • • •• • • • • •
o· • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , • , • • • • •
.JottonPounds ••o .• , .• •.. o .• • •• • ••o ••. o. ,,.
Coat .•.•. •• • •o •.. o • • ,,. o •.•.• , , . , • ,
Llnenl'ou.,da o• . o•o·, • ••••••••• o ••• , •• • . •.
.::oat •• •••. . .. •. , . , , • •.. . , •• • , •.•.. ,
Jute , rt:.;:lia, tu.d O• r e etaO.;ie .fiber?ou.'lds .• ••••••...•••••. ••o ••••••• • •
::oat •.••••. •••• • • . •• , .•.•. . ••• , • . ..
Ohe..:::i;;n.ls end
d~·eatu.:!fe ,
ooat • • , • , • • • ,
o •• • • • •
':\ODJJ ....
•
Z1oG2.:.o360
,..ii on::a , 343
!J , 2G7 , ~7o
, 592 o906
v
68 , J82
.;)13 , 398
Z·.o , 6H , LS7
¥ ,G37 , 073
7 , 60::! , 200
;:1 , !14 , ')24
59 , 148ol!66
6,J40 , 186
_:1 , J78 , 509
TOtal Yf<J.l..i.B , , , ,,, o o o , , , , , , , • • , , , , • • o , , , •
·.x .• inster _d t.:oquette c~ r· eta t.nd r11£s :
Sqm.oro Y.:.rde •••• . • ••• • ••••.••...•....•••
..,69 ,l<>! o185
Value • o · • • • •• • • , o • • • • • , •• • • • • • • • , • • • • • • •
Wi1 t0:1 oar pete 11m. rur·e :
Squal'O Y11rds • . • , o ••• • • • • , •• , •• , o . , •• , ••
Value ..•• •• • , o. , .• , •• , • ... • , • •• , . .••••.
~8 , 578 , 693
Co ti:1ued next
e.po .
16 , 742 , 835
& , ~16 , e(.3
)11 , !129 , 605
�HO
•
13ody Brussel :-- c:..::r ·e:'3
~·\ s :
Square :r rds ...••..•....•.••••••••.. • , •
Vtl !.le • ••••• ,., ••••••••••.•••••••.• , .•••
"'tr:· ·:el·:Jt
a s
'?:.ue.re ;sr:-rds , , ••••• •... • . •.•• • ..•. , •• , .
=UF1l =
Vt.l.u.e •••.•••••••.••••••• .••• ••• , , , • , . , •
1'a
3tr~
Sq~•
B:"·.u:cel. o r· a
.d ru "S :
re ;...rds .
. • ..•.....• •...• , •.• , •
Value ••• , ..•••• .••••.. .•..•. .••••••.• , •
In ura1n cc.rpoto
nd ruro :
Square yP..rdn ·••·•· .••••••••••••••••.• ,,
Valne ••• ••••..••• . •••• ,, . • , ••••• • ••••• •
vrcm
l'll,IS :
J :~~ :;~~
022,150
~70 , 891
9~30.£59
1 ,1 68,~54
Vc.J.t.e ,,,, ••• • ••• ,, , ••••• ,,, •• ,, • , ,. ,, , ,
1,543 ,079
All o ~her products, vl..ll ue , , , , • • • • • •• • , .•.•.•
Ll..Ci£1.-':i.
Tollen o~rde • ••. , •• •••••• , • • •. • •• , •.• , •. , .• ,
3pindlos :
3pL"llling: , ... ule ••• • •••••• •.•. •. .. , ..• , .•
s-·i.;.ni!l , .:r
Dou111n
!}_
rpe
ad ru
779,732
6!15,9<>7
l ! :!~ :~~
465
102 , ~38
e •••••..•.•......••.••...
110 ,090
and t-;-1 ',.' 115 ••• • •• • •• •• , ••••••
:3-1. , 434
lO.J;..a:
Eo-. or ••••••••• . ..•.. , ...••••••••••.•••.
H.:.:r'd ......... . , •• ••• , • • • , •••••• ., .. , •• ,
•
l3,Ul4,354
._;9 , 652 , 647
Colo. iul or ra a r:.v:s:
S-:u ~-a ;:.rt.rds • : . , • , .• , •• , •••• . ••• , •. , , • •
Value ,., ••• , •••.• , .. , •.•• . •..•••.. • • •• ,
uool s.u.d pe:per-Ilbor rll£8:
3qu.a.ra f< rdS o • o o o o o o I o o 0 o o o o • o • o o o • o o • o
V!.U.ue •••• • •••••••••• • •• , • ,, •• •••• • •• ,. ,
•
;13 , 227 , 319
1£,867,635
'3f!Utl.re Yl'-rds •••••• . •..• , •• , •••.••.• . •• ,
Vl.l.lue ••••••• •·•, . , , ••••••• • ••••••••• • • ,
Other wool rues :
SCJ.u.are yc.rde •• ••••• , •••••• • , •• ..•• , , •••
•
2 , GfJ8 , '9<!.-0
. ~95 ' 26
�0 •.
•
JOd
291
001
97
03
30
~·~a
.... o . l.,e o.
64. , 249 , 313 .
cb w
1~ 14 .J uver ,
h~
ool
!"Jd:....c 1 r.
.. e
i
(.a
· J
~ol
All
All
r.oole
ool ·.or <It
:::o-..to.
::otto2:
Cotto
c: 1
ro1.1a •
1J'I'I va~;~
•
..
woolen
e o...
I)Od
s .;le IU .. te
in 1.14 w
ld~.,·on
rios
_
l!l
:!.'ebrioa
:i?la:malo f:>r tmderr.o r
DOl"llOtt fia..::nela .1d Bhil·tl fB
~ .Jl1 , 054
9 , 304 , 1 61
1, 535 , 0:91
Lt inr.t and 1 ..attn:'fl
tincts .nd llndeaye
6 , 186 ,7 ~~
Bd.J:_~-~s
l , 02 ,J9B
oraa bl ~e~s
C .rri o bl 'tkats
oten s £-·la
Uphol~t r-;
~ods
WoJlen ;·:...:-n
.l~r:l od :7t.n1
.orino ;· ..rn
ilo· air . rn
co~ton y rn
Ilo ns e.nd wool we.
?op~
f'ollo'ls :
13 , )9e ,o• 7
l4. , J97 ,7 fi7
11 ' 710 ,000
1 ,0()9 , 661
rp r.oola. abriea
ore-.: 1 a -rlea
crp
:~ixoU
ri;;~us
1.o
155 , 160 , 00
141 , 7L , 5
1,~15 , 420
66 ,395
l , 539 , 5dl
3 , 703, '20
69 , ll01 , 271
4 , 862 , -i&-1
2 , 279 , 1G2
l09 , J0tl
10 , 1;.~5 , L50
e
4 , 9<:6 ,430
nd slubbin(!
!"!. 1 aur_ dain~
.•t D~ _ U..7
o ::~ot do·rel. (Hl :IJ1J br •oh
o tho r.oolen 1-"·u.:ltr:t o.J.on
lth o ler ~av ...
.:cl .1;1os .
:'1 ero
are still lc.r·-e OP: or~ tty 1 ch~a _ie d ...x:d it r.-111 be Jt::>osible
to secvT'e ~o :re .. 'v 1 o..
o JOle.
t
ow · :l od ol~O\.' .. ore
to Dc.n ::ry.
•
In this indcntr~
c no t3 le~ds
.1 e o'"' r::.d ..-:.,1 m ,
roduo1: - o :o ~hi:-d o..
total in c.J.··e of roducta. ::.e;ms, 1vania :·-::a sec;)Ud , .d Jt!O Ia:i. 'd t' !.rd , ;;er. Jor.>e; J.Jth ;;d
Yor S
'f,h.
~ ... ~
Uett 'IO:r~ St te
, JOO ,000 =::te. ll ~
JOB ;·;:lolo .• goods
o
he y lt:.e of :>ver
.
r;, .
i: ,3t.a ,OOO
spin."li~
Fr&~ ..e s 1. ~1.
J!'.ll.e
Doub
~!!
l . ~oo . ooo
.!!
Broad 10o;:-,a
:;.;J.·ror. loo:::ts
r.rool co bL•
l'!ckera
•
(lhin'la
639 , ')00
5Q ,OOO
1~ , 000
2 , .C94
1 , 201
�.r
•
m
e Jni ·e.~
o... ~o"':t:.n
11.1
~
• riona
11. i.:o:: d.ollllrs
ato
'7::1:1 :1
~'l tollo~:o :
o-ven ·ooc.o :
~i~~~e . ~-~ ~~ .:::::::::::::::::::::::::: :6 ,~~g : ~ig :~:
Dttokn-
"''~8 , .:.o:3~
Soue.re yt.rda •••..• , ••• . . , .• , . • . • • • • • • • •
':'
oy wee. vas , total-
40~
, 661 , 13:3
;i-36 , 706 . .... 2
~i~~e . :~ :~~ .::::;::::::::::::::::::::: : ~5i ;~~~ :t~9
1
DrillsSl!tte.re ;re.rds •••••.•• . . • .• • .•. • . • •.. • , . ,
V-1ue •• • • • •.••••• • .•.••..••• •• • •.•...•.
T"r.il1s , s toena , eto .
llqu ra J'-'rda •.. • , ....•.•.•• •• • • , .• , .. , ,
Vulue • ..• ••.•••.•••• • • • •••••••.
:..11 other tc.noy ;;auvosSquaro ;rc.rds , , •••••• , , •• , •••• , ••.. , ••• ,
Vo.lue •• o, o ........ . ... o.. .. o...... . ....
IJa:ppod tnbries Squ.&re ;ruds o oo o• o····· ••• • o.. •. . . • • ••••
Vul.ue ••• .... . o. o •.••••••••••• ,., ••. o.,,
Ve1·:ets , oordu:::o;,;e o pluahes , etc . Squ re :rsrds •.••. o • • , • • • • • • • • • • • • • , •• • o
Value .... · ·o·oo••·· · ······· · · .. ... . . o••
Towelho~
e.nd terry we vesS'}Uilre yr.rds oo•oo••• ...... . .. . ....... ..
V:.:.l.ne .. .... . .... ooo · ••••·••o •o · ········
1:ooquitto nettin Wl\o 81 iler fnbrios Squv.re yc.rd8 •••.•..•
Value ••• ••• , . • • ••• • o • • o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , .
o.. o....
•
o.. o...............
D1 £8 end Dsgging-
S'].uara iO:tda • •• o. o. .. .. . .... . ... .. .. . ..
~
Yaxl.s
Soft
Jute -
J9::! , 108 , 7 J(i
,.:5:: , 391 , 854
740 , 708 , 71,8
:;11 , 665 0 057
:::63,862 , 227
._.~4 0 352 ,020
29 ,120 , 703
;;>a , 5-~0 , l·~J
75 ,7.j2 0 :::4l
~~ . 605 , 232
97 , 981 , 783
~2 , 820 , 524
~ . 705 , 616
10 ol37 , 710
;;5 ,<111 , 5!32
4
~![~ ·~~:::: :~ ::: ~i~;::::::::::::: :: : : ~~t~ ;~~g :~~;
:~~:B
•::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: . t~; :~~; :~~~
fibora ~
Pounds •••• , ••••• , .. o •••• , •• • ••• ,,. o. o, .
Value ·•·o•o··••o••o·••o•••···· · o· · • · •o•
338 , 345 , 841
J!O;t.'ldS • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • · • • • o • • • , , . , •• , ,
Coat •• • •• • ••••• •• • . . • • . • • . • •• • ••• •. . •• •
128 , Jll:. ,082
v ,737 , 870
Jute l]utto P-:>".U"da ••• •• • •• . •• • •••• •.••••• • ••• ,, ••••
:'1t.x ~:t.::i.,;.; · t~~~··• • •O•············· ··· ····
Pou.;:ds ••••••.•••
Coot •• .• . • • • •••.
lleti!l and ho J:P tow-
o•. . o.•.•.......• . o....
o •• • ••• • ••• o. o • • • , . . . . .
~~~~d~ .:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::
•
289 ,969 , 885
;::1 , -56 , 098
129 ,357 ,002
Vc.1no · ·····•··· · ••o••••o•••••••••••••• •
pestrios Sq\U:.re J...:.l':ls .••• , ••••.•••• , . . • • • • • • • • . •
Val ·a •• , . . .•. ••• ••. . •• , , • , • • •• , • , o o,., o
.Ul other rro?en goou.s -
•
, :379
.)47 , .:21 , 989
"{ ·1t:O ,,, , , , , .... , ",,, ,, , . . ,. ,,, , , , , .••
Ointh.w:la Squ• re yards •. , .•• , •• , .• , • , ••• , • . . • • • . •
Vr:.1ue .• , , ..••. .. , . •... . . , .. , •.•.• , .. , • •
Other ooft :ibe. s .!'otllldB ••oo•o•o · •••o• •• •o •· • ····· ·····• •
Cotto~~et • • • • • ••• • ••• • •• • o • • . • . • • • • • • • . • • • • •
Pounds ••• • ••••••• • •••• • o
• • ••••••••• , o..
Yc.rns 0 ~~ch~;;a_ ;·· ·· ········••o • ·o···
Cotton-
~8 , 273 , 55:3
114 , J89 , 165
;3 , 535 , 552
£t.. , 717 , 599
.,.3 , £!05 ,975
~t : ~:i :~i~
48 , 174 , 653
v'932 , 339
32 , 3J6 , 685
~ 0 ~ 53 • 348
�0
50 ,054
t ounde ••••• · · • •• • • · • · · • · •• · · · •••• · · · ·• • ~l ..~i.l , 1.9
Coot ••••••••••••••••••• • •••. · · • ••• ·• •• ·
r - 1., ~6~ , 660
_oOJ:>dB ••.• .. •• • ••••••.••• • •• • •• •••• • • ••
7 .. J ,. ~4
~ost •••• • ••••••••• o • • • • • • • • • • • •• • • • • • • •
nr.z , .o .. _ , Ju. e,
•
~
~3 , 220 , . . 24
1ot 1 Vnl :.:e .............. . ..............
Rope
~~~g;n~~~ . ~:~~~ :. ~~~~~:~~:~. ~ :, ~~~: ~~, ~~ ~
0
v~ lue •••• ••••• • •••••• •• •••••••. , ••• • .• ••
cotto;o:a: : ••. • ••• ••• •• • ••• • • • ••••• ••• . ••• .• •
vv.J.ue ••••• . • ••••••• ,. •• . ••• •• • •••• ••••••
T1··1.
Vo.luo • •• , • •• , ••• , •• • •• , , • , • • •••• , •• o....
?ol\llCs • • .•••••.•.••• , • • • • . • • • • • • . • • . • • • •
Vr1ue • •• • , • , , , .•• •• , .••• , , . •••••••. , . •• •
Jute Pounds • ,, ... ... . ..... . ..... , • •• ••.••• • ••
V,lue ••.••• •.••• .•• ••••• ··· •···•• •• •••••
"B.O!lPPour.da • •••••.•..•••• •• ••• • • • • ••••••.••••
Value ••• • ••..•••••• · · · · · •· · • · • · ·· · •• · •• ·
Fl-..xl'OtuldB , , , ·•• ,. , o•• •• · •· •
• • •• •o•· • · •• •o •
V&1uo •••• , .. , •••• • •••••••••••••••.•••••
Otbor , i;c,.clc.dL cized_.,u..:1ds •• •• .• ••••• • •• • . • • · • •• •• •••• • • • • •
Vc.lt:.e .•• • • •• ••••. •• •••
••o · · • · · · • · ••• o • • •
Yar.:a !or o l e :
~.; , 996 , 522
17 , 927 , 286
$3 , 47 2 ,056
65 , 28::. , 159
,.;5 , :::68 , 357
0 , 51 0 , 771
~l, G03 , 354
3 , 953 , &:...2
tl- ,051 ,684
18 , 707 , 139
)2 , 52- ,0 71
?ou..'l.(l.a ••• • ••••• • •• ••• • •• • • • • • • • ··• • •· • ••
Vc.J.r..o · · ··•····· o· ·• •••········· · ···••••·
75 , <175 , 322
~ , 320 , 166
:rouads ••• . ••••• o••• ,, •••.•• • ••••••..• • ••
Vc.luo ••. , ••• , •••••••••••••.••• , •••••••. ,
Othe r-
69 , 827 , 005
,p , :557, 388
J ut e-
r ounds •••••• •.. • • •••••••••• •• • , .••.•.•••
V<:.1ne . •• • , ••••••••
POll-'ldS • ,,, ,, , ••••••••••• ··• • •· •••
o •• ••••
Vlllue . , . .. .•• ,, •.• •.. , ..• • . • .. , .••.. , . . •
B gs anU. Bagging:
Squc.re Yards , •• • •• , •••••••••• •• •.•.. , •.•
V~l ·1 0 •••••, ... . ,, ,, •••••,, •••. •••• .,, •.•
Juto c .. rl1eto c..ld ru!!-3 :
Squn.ra ;nrds , , ••• , •••••••••••• , • . • • ..• , ,
·;a1~~ e •••• • •. ••• • • • • • • • · · • • • • • · • • • · · • · · •
A.ll other r )dU>ltO , value . , •••. , o •• ••• o •• ••••
Throc.d :
POW1dB
•••••, , , , •• • ,, , o•· o •oo •••• • • • • • • · ·
Value • , ,. , •• •• •••.• , ••••• ••
o •• •• •• • • •• , ,
".'17ine :
Poands • • • • •••• • •• •• •• ••• •• • ••••••• ••• •• •
v l:·o . •.•
o •• , •••• • • • • • • •• · • • · • • • • • • • • • • •
cordage -~ rore :
Pou;uls •••.•••••
6 ~048 , 317
..,962 , 298
o • •••• ••• •• •••• , •• o• • •
Linen thro,·d :
•
13 , 2-.-.:. , 198
~2 , 539 ,906
~Po~;~; 1· . :~~ - ~~~~~~~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 105 , 2-~9 . 677
cotton-
•
487 ,443 , 356
$43 ,085 , 51 7
5 , 707 , 668
~ , 40~ ,136
131,627, 658
;u , : -~ . !i9<..
3
~
~ ..,;..6 , 302
v816 , 845
,619 , 116
:0:6 , 507 ,02.j
;)22 ,917 , 09!1
13 , 2[)4 , 875
.J2 ,792 , 125
o • ••••••• •••••••••••••• • •
o • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • , ••
5 . 515 , 658
VJ91 , 2Z3
ds •• • •••••••• • ••••••••• , •• , • ••••• •••
!31 7 , 36, ,019
..,.14. , 421 , (129
.J44 , 1')J'7 , B86
V·lue ..••••..••• ••. ..
s e _:Jt u~ d :
~ottm 17
:J··
V:..1-:::e ••••••• o••• ·••· · • • • •· · · · · • · · • · • •• · •
;U.l otbo:· r~da;;~ts , val:<O • , • . , ••• • ••• . , ••••• ,
•
new !!.lclo.u.d l<):J.d.o Lt tho ::1~ ·;f... otUl·o o~ C;)tto;t ;ooda t:.:ough
tl1.0 Southern Stc.toa ere rn iO.l:t .~i:lin,, .Jl'Oll.:ld , mc.n,r uortilarn cott on
ml' ·otur e.·s :he."<rLl o
1.11 I .ho( _llt.;)tu ir: :;he ..,outl:...
Of he .:Jst i:H~.or'.c
cotto!l co:.da :;.:::J.U. o-.:urJ.a Cil<ica ?Loll
War, ...!r.ao . le...da !!:l.Vln <15 ctlls . :Booton raJ:ka ae<::.n ;;.nd
Bed:ord , _csa . 1i tird .
~0"17
�i.L-1
•
•
•
•
�•
•
•
•
�...7
••
It 1 .. J e
t ur ~· Ji
hat
o
.J!. , o!
nd l01on . . ~!
ode :.:no n~..
co s'd :-•:1
o e::t
\)~
.o indutr;,t in C';'l'
!J<ucy • a ... vo b1Q l.:JJat J:.... o:- lents ,-;;_ til:s
it
.ud:<
4
-a.:::-:,' ,
!nd.
De;1bur .. w~uld be
~rtlca.l.rl·· -~VO::"e.ble 1 c)
Ol' ~he
·:.. eotm:e~ of osi.,r.{ , b_ccuse o-f its .d,t conc7 to he J~w YJrk
n" moos to ~he a .. ~1l,y o:Z :. -riill ,
.d o ::c :.:r ti ':'GlJ low
1LS.OtiU'ill
308•8•
~1ur~et ,
Pl.il ol ni leeds in tho JrJd .U n of - t goo(l:;s >... ..11 ..:inde,
including boDlo.y, roducin· over ,.:25,~00 , 000 .ortb o~
Jb £00do
y_arl3 or .:17C'il' 12 :PO- CB:lli of ;he to 1. ku!t S:JOdo lTOduo .. lon o:t ~oo
tint ted .S~ a teo .
Irott Yor .. r~s aeoo:ul r.lth a. "roductiJn of over 1?1..:> ,000 ,nn:rly
::::o1·e tium 6 ar ~o, t o! tho to .. ~:L
•
Otl.or u! .loa :ro···inont 'n tlllZ 1m uotry in tte ordar of ~heir
i::~portunoo ere ..moteidCI:J , Utica , l:ohoes , Little F.lle , i.; , Y . and
Reading , Po .
The Jroduotion in no un ted StateD ttt.:.3 ._,200,143 , 527 in 1914 ,
JOing tho roduot of 1.374 satories . TL:.are c..re l3b , l30 ers:mo
.,a 1 t.he industry .
e::~.
Clt.sal:t~inr lcit goods o.e field that t.c.e
.16llU:f'8()turo
re
follows :-
rinoi_ :1 centers
or
:::ott)n osiery '1,del l1ie. and ~.:J-ding 'a.
oolo
euler:; ~ ri 1• :::::.-l~.d
Silk !!:Jeior; ~ r.11 dol ::!a
:::ottJn Knit Onderwe r - Utica tmd ..c.::!Bter.tw. and Lit 1o !'ulls,
, oolen Kui t r'nderml(lr - .::onoes , •.. Y.
Swe to:ra ~ Little lW.le,
• Y.
13 thin .Suite - !:etl' Yarl:: City.
,y ,
Durin ~be
at ... e\7 ye~rs ~here h£.s been a ra id inc.·oaao i4 tho
n~ber of 1 1;s !::U:<u...c..::taring cotton hos!.or; ·..nd undornec.r :n tho
Sou.ncrn .;"t:.toa , end it is ex;ectod th t t!:;o.·e ·111 be a still :·eater
dcnolaPLlOl.t ot tl.is industr;,• in the South .
•
1er
The vc.lue o!
:;e~r .
osier~·
rJduct c.lo .. e 1:::;
::1
er s!::ty mJ.llioJ:l dol1crs
The wmw:.l roducti .a of silk .. ::~;;a is over .;4 ,000 , 0uo, marine
e.r.d r..!:x:od hoa!er~ over ·a ,000 ,000 , \'/:JOlon ':o:::;l Ol'Y 4,000 .000 und
cotton hoator;,· ~56 , ')00 , 000 .
':ott York loads in the a;:.ount of "Toduotion of QJ.it u.ndorns-r .
Penna:·l-:llni in .Joele.ry . !:ow H8.P.!!J:::hire in woolen ~d !~erino JOBiary .
l>o.ms~·ln.nla !.n 81:2;: ·:osier;; t<nd -lBO in cotton lOSiery .
In ti.dditi.Jn t:o the ole.cstfice.tion o'! ::~e.n.U't!otrr the n~stery e.
lie ~ants _o'! tho cow1~ry ann be further cl~es11ied iu three £TOUJ'8
of "'1000 w loh m mJ. ot:t.re ~a 1lees .. oao , full-:fnsnto~od hose, o.nd
t .o::~o ~::c.nu oti.U'!, g both i'ull I a;,;.in:ed Wld sen:.:.loae .ass.
Sons o! the .ills a in ba.r Ol'1ll y .rns, w· .le o, .era bu.,y their
.d s
'11 -o .11 ti:1g •
me,
•
�•
_ lo~ est bl!.u
au.tto aac. els ·et ... i.-.er ;;o ell
fiJ:od .ri ~ea , ;;5 c·~s ., 1.00, eta . ':Lhe ub·io- e uo ed to
prioos loo::s r.!.th s o •.ci~~ ttpo:: odd_ l'rioed ~od
d -.;his
gre t 'J&:!dice.- ta
~ ..otu:::e~·u ~s
:::.e;- nst :r: :J.re their
::-odtlctim "t'"itl:i the o h::ed :.:et 11 r!.aos in ·:hu •
Hliery
these
is a
:Jut o:f
:~.he aonate... tl..,. rising oocts of
reductio. ·.:1t.nou ~lrJportlona~e
UIHt in ret;:>.il :rbes i &a
-a tly .u rro..-:ed tl.o .rgin of r:ro:f': t in
'this induatry , CO<•Ollin tHl.i.l.t:.'Lctu.rers freq'Jentl;t to ·hnnco location of 1le.uts in order to ·educe 1rvduotion ooets .
Se!l.l::lless ·
ier is 11 t
i thout soc...a on c c! rouler ~oo2.ine.
:f !.o:.eU hosier;.r is "Tlit ~!l a. fla.t-fro.oo ..l a .lU<l end in the
::~r. tJ
..a tlul ·oleo ~~en It 1 s closed b
oo. 'nil or "loo inG~
rull f
-r
.or
:!'he
c .. LJ.eey (l!!Qd in J ie::--.1 f~atorios o'J slats of a-:..u..J.da.rd
ae :.less _ ,_< "tti.ng
o .. ~ oa , m:.utiple hec.d fl&t i'rll::lo
c. !nos f'or fUl..t.
:ashton d. .osior;r . ri bing
~hines . lOO' ora, bou.::-dl g ::1 ohlnau , eta.
~~<:o~etls in t!.e ca.nu1 aotu::-e o"!
~! t
-oo'o .,:! t.ll -L:do a:;:pe.:;..;ra to
dopo::l.d lt.rto1s up::m t1.o ability -nd jud::.• ont f ·he otmu:fac:t·.-.rers in ~
the QuyL.... g of ~hair c. t~ricJ.a , oottou , wool, oott~n #·.r,lS , '.700len
,arne , ·nd silk yurm; , o~~:or i;:'l-por~ant ..... o~ors c.ro .odern ,..ohinary
o.nd reaa'Jnably lor, lo.bor ooutD .
•
The k:::lio goodo luduutr;t la ti&ll or["unizod, tho loading tr{.:da
-ody bein i;he :r~l:l~nt.l .:..aaoci<J.tion of .oaiery und Undorwaa Eenu:fac t".U"ero .
bout 25,., of ;;he lnbor a; ..)loyod in .o:nitt~.l .. t:l:; is I.W.de :.nd
.,e bU. -"-<.:& ... e:..ala .
,, a :oe::.l o :ZL:.ctu.ate l'O tl,- , but t;:.a ioll,)V"lng
on.n "t-e cJ .. sld~r~d tile avor11ge L.l looalltles . hero la Jr .;oats &re low:
Inop$:otors £.nd folders (fe ... lle)
Knitters atl.d foo-;;era (.... le)
n
"
"
{:o ... le)
~-.ib
(i'aul.lo)
Knit ers
16 c-;;a. ;ar Lour .
l~
{ Ol1~1o)
~:~P=~:
"
n
''
17
17
16
16
13
18
17
?rooe h _J.J.e
Sa2l:lers
17eltere
,~;he
..:it .ndo -;;eux 1 ULtrtry is entirely a
o.to .. rJ ... ~he
.oe iJr? !.;1dnetr;r, al 01J}l he <1 .a . ~eric.le, rocoeeoa ~d class
of Jr ora ia uJad 1 tne a •• ire ..Jl.t ood::,J. try .
~~it ~~~~o~ ~~ ~h! ~1t~~ ~;~"eo . <:.-~~-~~~~
8
•
~~~:::~~~t~ins
0
line
''e-;-1 York 3ta"!;e leado 1:..-th 1':.5 i'e.otories , ...'onmrl7anla 300 ,ld ··ith
143, while :msaohuae•.;ta in thi~d ith 0
.to .
1
•ear
•
9
1
1
lined :h~o:~·i~i~~ ~~1 ~; ~;r~~i~{g~n~ v~~ ~~-.~~ ~f ft~t la~;~;~~;
l:lAl.:~.~.a::~ture
ovoral of the e di!terant •:c.r tio:.t :n: JoJ.a , atd r.o-a
Yor;,.; loudo '.u &11 linea .
the Lve:r _a i:IC. .:._ ... ~t ·::i
.rJ.:lt :l:l .:J.Ot; 3-loa in <;,:e ...:."lit lt:.:u.or:d~a~r; is ::. . 73 _var Jeut , t...;d on ;;a;.~,l .1 e. plo.7ed 8 . '..5 per oeut •
�uncer t .. is he .d o:z:.oa ll LldU!l-;:-.:.ea n
oil
,,;:- =u:. ~t'll_"o ro .:.re o~ or c..: .!no or
l:.a _r!.-~i ··.:J.l
d ae· lllL ·
_~ro.::on .. ec
•
"'·ile it ia true
such l.-d~atrio
o . o .. o.Z t.ce _oat
dos!robla Ind. Gaoo.ueo .r.oy l~r el~ e :t-loy e .c.la ol_ , yet Dc.nbury
can feel rrell sutis:f'io r:lth ~he euUs.b..'l1.inl oh!l.l·c.c.:.or o:. ita oxiai-t.Jg 1nduatrie8 of thio J.iHd md oi_h ... ell be .~l&d to h vo more
of them ii' the pre.Jont ehntage of fo .. J"-10 l bor oould bo rovid.ed
for through incrause in 1 0llulnt1 m or o her JOUJ'Io,
... he
Uoe e.nd
·rese.:~t
Z~1o.los
needle ind • trioo of D n1 ury r:ith
eoplo;·od te e. t'oll0"3 :
....!2lE.B
D!lllbur~: ..:tr. co . Wona 1Jndem9t>r)
'1'/t.rr.er Bros. J::~ , (Coree.:::~}
- . Lo:lda
(;.;.c.:ttro::ees)
::Ubrides Gerry co . ( wninrsl
p , Du.r- in
(A'mlinral
~thor
Theoe ir.duatriee 'lltJ
~2:15 , 100 SJmu.ally in wu oo .
•
150
22
32
2
1
1
onploy -al9
e ':lll.I:lber of
~
206
l
2
2
)Ol'SJlJB ~:.nd
rJ.;i out
They represent an invost:mnt of $:;39 , 500 and l'Nducod goods in
19113 to -- 10 vel.ue of )1 , 833,000 •
The D"-!lbury ·~u:r ctu.rin Jo . h~s e:J .. ab isl od e. 1.1 h ra2u- "!;i-ln
!or 10nc llM.or;;ac.r of the - . . D. typo. 'I'he:; oecupy twa .. aot::ay
b<l.ildin[S , but O:Jo o_ whe .. e lu J)t in ·..:se .:'or the ro son o;he.t they
oo.rmo!.; obtain s~i'ioiout hol .o operate tho f\:.ll ~a.lEl-oit:~ . ;..:oy
could r.ow use 10 -lo::·o en !1d 100 ore wo. n 8Jld i.rls 1: so ..e ooul.d
be seou:.·cd .
':i'hl:J OOI:I)Ill'l:; usoo u
~heir ::ow Yor~
ll"llOSell .
:::o ..~o 1C.ore.ble
of!l~e
l!.!:l::>u. ... of uo :~.or 1ressing
ln .t 377 ,prowlr; .y.
Tho :prL10ipul oateriaJ.s wed in thls ::,-1 :nt n.·o cotton cloths ,
uilk
l'CB c.nd butt.Jne .
Po::~ le
o~:illed en.rn
•
n::.:ora in this
lOgin .t )6 . 00 or weak e..:td liOn
e.s hic;h aa ..,1;;; , .'e. oe:..: , cuot a,_ ·bee boln ;!lid on
he !.e:::e ra.·o s:ete ,, :i:'be lllllle e:.Jployoes !J:.r •rou 9 . to ~22.
or woo:_ . _Qe an.l.ltal
;, r<lll _.;: t his plaot 1e
rly l
,000 . er :rel"
:.lla l<lcc.l pl:. .. t o ... t.~ .. -.t '!'ler •.,a . .;:o . le
· r::.nor••... mt of
o .e of he l rtest o:· e ... w · 1tt1 _:_
c.:mcorn... in the oou;~try ,
t Joir
!,; :plant uei~t: "lt 3ridee.ort .
_·to ' _ ey no";7 "91l.YS out
over 130,000 nnnua.lly 1 \"J oa !n ' D' • .lr;
"d 1o!le1r ay roll r:ould
~~ai~i~~ n~p;lyau~~~~ n~~d~h~~ ~~~~e~a~~~:. -~~ ;~~-~~1 h~!!1• d;o~~ot
adv~
ge in D:lnbucy .
1 01':' York City ie '-ho OePtor o:f' the loedlo ;:or~ing industries of
t:1o '-'Owttry 8.'1d Danbury oou.ld eocure an;7 nl.ll:l~ar ai' nob lldustria.l
plE.;. s U: s~l.:f'ficlent fa le ''el could be ~rovidod are .
o. J
X :riof
orest .
review o!
..:.:.r::: ,.;;.
Th
J'.1e:lt industr;.· of .. ho
he
~·
'S
~.u.
oun.;r;r .ill be
r.:.:..u.....Y
·::~:Jrut' s Ll;.wlin t:..t( 8l"7."ear · .1di1B'i:l"., ,
riaos
o ___ :!. .u:fo.c -
tlll'o o!
:--_enta ao. ::>n.l
'"'1'::1 £.s 1'lin -erie" uoll ca irht r-orrns
pettioo! ... , dr:·-;-or:J, :pr~ ooss .,11~~:J , ..lJ%-:Jot :::a; era , ..:irts , E!tc ~· • '
ll.lld t c.do ~-:ro~
•
O;)~:t~l ,
linen
r oill::.
Tho cotton i:eb~·ioe llll d re pe.cale , cu.cl~n .
1 lt;;)O .. , betiete
~d lt:onn. T1:e ailk .Zabrioo ua
oll"e .::ro.;e o Clll. .o
1d Jhine ailk •
~l tho i'nbrlc!l used ' this Ltdustr;r c.re of 6.
ic ~1 , tli"c.cture.
�•ii!~
~:~rule ~~d r~; ~I'-'I.'l~d
!itr
rl~hi~~e }~a ti~;--.it~ll e~br~1de~!-y . ~~~ t~a
oooi. of
;J.ufs.ct~re :Jf
uoh crr.ents .;he 1:-~e ::1~ oobroldory averanoes 55 •er oe: t o. tile totc.l ao::::t . Ilo:::o!!tlo rib· :l
laJ_ H.Bod ln
hn<"erle
l.!otJ.·e a .e ls:.Juttor.a,bi.ndln'tl,
, t:--:~r.d .nd
r l!ienera .
•
d::~:!_l ~-
"'1 'tee.
tlllJ
:1
'•vooted. L
l.o 1. iluotry _
he
Uni o- .3~o::. a an ... t· e au.a .cl. Jl"Jdn::tiJn ~~ e oh oode iu heiu
oountr,; lo e>·:er V40 ,000 .000 .
]'ro
e
cor... a of
.e Jotton
G
...
e•
1; ... E.....lU
turere .nan.
o. ·er. Y:;,r . , 1
erst.
il.e.·e c.ro :W9 esta.blio: .. -en~e 'n t:W
cowttr., rodu l:l thi
lese Jf oods . 0... he-a r.aw Yor<:. .. t te h..:.e
21iZ , :ce .s·l,
, Jl , l!eu3 oXroo;ts 23 u.nd !ea::~uri 13 ,
ror;~ Clt;· ill the Oa.'1<:er o_ t.~o 1.
.atr~ b v1.1
.::46 o.. tub in lin' Jrio , ?1",11.-dol :... ... ~ lu;.s 17 l~:Oe, Bo:..'~on .3
t: . ;.ouie 12 .
Ilor.
li
tw.d
.o;..~a
There are l.o t.,er 376 fc.ctories 1::1 Uer;o York Cit,~ ~ing
"; o .ens r.hite a ode" but ;;ho:Je • olude not only lin e:·io, but uloo
prone , lloo:;titohiJlD .. or drosoeo .!.:ld tuckint•
•
These J75 taotorios in r:ow York
Y.hioh 11 , 762 ure e;.:~c.lae •
Cit~·
Oolllloy l..i , ,;17 lOl'CODO o:t
The ·onena ol thin iniltUhry teJ;.e..
s ; ~olo io o. greo.t
Llportc.:J.:HI r!l.lli:in :f'i!taentb a: o .e; ell the Lduatrtoe of the
oountr;,· .:.o to vr.1·1e of -rO<!uot :1d eleve:1tb ns to wnbcr of
;;rage e:J.ruera.
vor
•
a
:~.'he !'OllOodO.w::tllO c:~::. tc.e
t:ho
...... t •• t -OW Yor is t:he
of thooo :ode o:· t:ho en'• re
have t·UJ dva·to.ge of necuri.,
dv ltllges in the purc;lll.UO o::::
ll
I.:.du,tlon
' a':::str~· in llo;·; Y.Jr..,. Jit;r a ue to
tJ.•a~.;.,. eellin and dia-:;l·i; t!on
rl:at
~ou;:.~;·y , ~.·ld Jr...1W:aoturaro .e. a .leo
flr3t eelec'.. i.J.!:J t.nd gret:.test b~
... abrios c.nd l.nterio.le .
1
lfS
It is true however til-.t ,,wU::uoturers !n sr.Jaller '-litiioo n~ve
the ed·n:.ntage of
10: ~or
nd
toc.dior labor.
.1!8 cost J:f lo.di s unuer ~ O-itO ia i;t the
l ... coo .nd a br~ideriea , L co.:. be oeon tlu.~ l.>Ju ~lld o.b~·ot .. .,ry
unuu.;.:eotl11'8 ~ ... a ...est b or'~h.Ut .o.•Jeture o ...· t:.e 1 ·atry. ..; ore
ere 1.2 est bl1Bll.c<ente in ..,ueena de7otod to tl1e r:..duotla >~:r 1 .3ea
aud e ...broidery r.nd bro.tde . ..:e l~rr,eat o: t •. ea8 a the Leadi!lg
Ecbrotdor; i/0rks , Bi:lllOyi.
500 :persons , c.nd tho :Bc.rtilele L:!!· Co . ,
e ·1o.7ing 100 (lrs:ms .
4B 55 • or OO!lt o.
•
Ji'or~., eNo:.t o!' .. a l~oo 8!ld 15~ of tOe o::~br:lider;; sod in
tne tJ.e::_ctt cture o:f YIO~ ..ens under ~- Sl4tO is cJ.o in hio OWltry
Q
to belc.me is 1 orted •
;..l.a.CIHne
.:it~ol~ in
e loco oan be
!:e Jr.ited St te:J
u:t
I!
t::::-ed s::::oossi <11; and ro ::.;:s i!ld'J.otr., is rr r.tng rrpldll' .
�1 ::o ,
o ::1.
•
'.a;J:ere ..!'a 26 'i.lr
ln .. ~a ::ou;..,. ~.
o~arati.;~
:.7 1 !20
l))~i-o •
~·.a
c 11e ia .00 , 100 per ;,·cv.r .
:ro
.._
To.
e
J
ir:.e cede
of
~t!.
~.J::>t o= Ce
ro i tlery
.e in th.s oow r: 1
)r.t'l_ s
" ocl:.ifilo" o ..:or i der y and is ace on S"-hffli _ __.¢ 1 c.. . . Aeae
c.!;i .. oo
re u ll lo'Por tcU.
d .; oro re so::~o 1 500 r.o:-; 1. oper .tiou in th.f, a
ooWltry . Ti:e laver II.Ild .othrou-h l t.ce ~ohinea re ul.ao a.J. l i oported .
~her e
.l'~·o:fi-..a
ere 1 - rr.-e
eapec!elly fo r the l.r or
in t;.o
17:JI!l0l1S
ea.abJ.te:~ ..en-:.a .
16 to 23 per -ant on oP. 1\;v.l hl ·ec .. ed end 5
... o reedy c.de ·1 tu.i.
tho }'"St :few re1 a and ~e
1
ndorcr · .ant 'nduatry
Thaoe, r o:Ute
t;Q
a,~ on not
I"Jll fl'oo
se>lae •
.. r'l l!r..s e lo ed
_1.dl:; !thin
"eel S~ates loa. "' t 1e o r ld 1 .. n~ e
ind1~etry .
•
"'h'e industrJ o::.ioh or..erly oeu1<erud in t::o'l": York Jity , 'l':hore
it w c l ..rt;el·- :-, t:1o hands of the Rusaic.n JOI'1B , liAS dovolopod
in'lOO n il..portll.lt bi~O'llOOS , tnreedi:1c r:e:Jt\1t.!'d e!ld ia ilOIO eotv.bliohed
on n oodern :1e.nu..: :h.tl'i:·g bnsto ~ al-~ho\t[:ll ;rot Uopoudont to a lar-e
orlen
or lcbor ul)Oll ho ohec.:por cla::so of Jowleh i;!!Oi ·o.nts •
~·:0:1
itto
<-S leto &a ~914
"'o tl:to COl -ry ,
hare r7e:re l9 , 7<J3 JO~·!.Bh e ... 1 rCi.l.tS
"ta~ orinr" Cl.3
sir voo ti.:>n .
rt vi
The buil<.dn Ul· o... t o l r~.o " ~c.ilor o;o the trc.de" ootub lisl--ento l::Ln ~·'de doe i.•rJ ds upon t .. e no .:c.lleol ":.::-:o,_c; nl:.or:"
oLthin
ueiDese of !l'on ··ork Cit;.r . clt .. J'.'. b
e l.tl<er .:.s ~at l.l.l1
· :10rt o; f-c•or .
r:bero arc 5 , 584 eotublioi .o. ts 'n te ;ui t d :. ~es ~.u:..ac turin[ :.. o:1e ~lot in , o. ·b:-.1
1!11 ,163 !lo;•oono &nU .ite ;-e.l ue of
tl:e
.!nUill llXOduoo;ion o:r tho.
lw:.. ~o ii:l o or a half bi l lion dollars .
Of o;heso esto.bltohnents 2367 ere reeuJ. r 1'aoGorie:l and 321 7
Oi'nl ..s " co;:1t~· ot a·.oJ: • . "
~te .rod~ i n
f oone clotting in r:ow r::~rk (.lity ie over
200 , 00 ,000 an.'1<.IC.ll~· or ..:..-.1;; O- · o total of ,bo Ur:ited 3tt.tes .
•
Uost of this in u~~r~ in IJe Yo:·:.: ia ca oontorod i!l .:.-:e eJn,r ot
a· .opa o:t' l.:.c:!l.."' .tten , bDUi'll :o:re are
fa e· t .. _isl: onta oi '~hlo
·dnd In ::.~eo:l!" oro; !'. ,
pro:iJU3l" .oted .
Jl:Jou"'O ro( 1c03 17;o of hJ toi 1 of a.JS ol thing o~~ etn.rod ,
end
.:ong o~ber il:lliOJ
t clothing oontero ure ClevoL.nd , Bt.ltir;;:~re
.?hilcdelll!n end Rooi.o:n er .
Ghi::!ago and ••oo•.os'\.or c.re t'!1e pr i::-!Oi""O.l oontora for hi[h rTndc
olJt ng , and lJe.lt:. .ora ~·.
a third . In thoao oitios the bul.i~ o:f
the :JWlui' otu.rin ~a doe -L,/
Zol': l.r o ,.;:,usee , l::1ila L. Iran Y:lrk
he industr;; is in t ·e ~nda l<.:r el, vl t· o ;;~on~rc;.:t o!.:lps .
l:ISll.ut' .ot~·rin
~e
hen ost clll!Ja of ol ti.inr.
In the cw.nu:.'uc turo
who 1 ~J:-;c.::~ l.I'
auoi:
3Ul.>division of 1
fe::-e.lt OIJeruti Il:l , .-t
8 DC 0 ~lt 1 c.l
•
u! cloth'
skilled lc."oor Uoos not ,fllt::;
i.t id 1:1 foruor _sura , .n l::.o:o is n:m
':t t':a l<.!l"""D
fecto;dos , a: OB.!lV' dif:X:llOrionaoo.~
Uor iu 10 lont::er
bo,.
t.ho
•
Deil Yor"" h:..e1 c. deoidod c.Uvc.ntc.-e :; to ... .:.J..;, t both in the
bu:,-·in of oc.tariaJ.o: ~d the ::rolli::t~ ·a-r _roliuo tl!ro"J.(;h jobberG
.nd m:;olescl-rs . Evor;.r iO!IO:"tl!llt r:oolen ::till Ju. o: aulas : wl dia tl·ibuti ..._ :lo<ldquur-:.ora ln '' " Y.;~r:: in TI'i:lioh ~ o:>m :e•.:e line of
!ubries o~ ..- be oeen , .md fl' -t1 :. '.: ,c::s cn.."''"iod , e~oda nre ,,eli vered
~;~i~ ~~::;r~~~~== ~~ ~~ ~o;
1
l
r-
o~
:r~t1
t··e
0
111:: .
oi
t~~~~t~·~~ ~ e.;~~~e ~~ ~;~!~~~~ .
�.\o no·;ol 1
·1e::e
1:1t:-o<1a~od
-~
•ew ·ror;.
Toe
J
•
·-
wilola.
·Io
~al
:·. t .
J tin·l'
d .lix (1.
1"r'l
• od
o 1
~l,~hL
.·o !. .·::~ ~:'. .11 p:...s. s o .. a
hoir tltoc~ oolc 'w' 1::J..;; irl -;:o :::
o rJ
era , re :Ulaaa "" Ll'lre t a :'O.:Jcl3 :-a
.. ~o :.·J-f'its of clot.
U"-....:t.~e
.Jr)du.-=ort" in :le lOU r- ec.r. in
iJ:....
in
"'-'~d
11, a
:a o • a~ 1tlJ bet,
b o'
at. se.le .
·1
~o
·a not
.n .. .
o
·•~ I
he
• r
llluo rofar
rxt .1.e liOl'l Yor:;.
dactiU'!l .
, llo oi u ~
.-<lo;Jt protit
:r
~7
~l:e onlJ ranc::m for
o oentrn.lizl-10n .J! t o ooll r i.udustr;.;
roy , ·· • Y., 1 tact tho Lduetr~t -.:.....: :JU.:.Jdad nd J.ilt up wJ:aJ·e
1--r a
.ou~t o~ o t·i~c.l fi..ally bo-'ll. e ..i.Jva ad
e e in .. his
0
bttBil'llh>·
&
.'..]. JU n "'t•oy till aintu.in.,. ro:~ado"c:o in ho ~.Jllur induery , he ehirt industry hl".l.& -rautl;;..- O.Aplll.j.!iad nd ie Or/ epre~d e.ll
over ,.;ho country .
•
It ia C0!.10only ot. tod ~h t a.n;r .. om1 "'-'Oh hlla ohoap Ol"!O'-l h
girl 10lp oan oooure a '-lhirt factory •
Thoro are 10'17 770 shirt :f't.ctorios in tho United ;:~tatoo , o... loyR
;~~d!~t~l;f!T~~: ~~~~~; (~~~~;;~ ~~~;~bo~~ t~ar~~~o
Dllw Yoril: 31 o.te leeds
f
o-. the ehirt
n the _.o.nu:.. oturo o ... ehirts
1 th ;..C3
hulftlon
the to ~al
at.
factories and c.n ....nn..; 1 ,roQu.:;:t of .)40 , JOO ,000, :~ver
or ~a ~oun ry . "'>e1rn,:.l .l rru ·.s aec
i~il
rod
lZ,OOO,OOO .
be 1nd1 idl 1 oitie!l !Iou Yo:-- C~ty lond.o iu tid a
ndustr~· ,
th a t.J o.l
c.1 ,?!"Jd ~l!tia '3f .,z5 , JOO ,OOO or ovor
ouo .._our~h of
e totn.l :;,.. t1lo cou.;:;.tr;. . ~rJ; nd . ..lb :n ... o~o e::t
in 1:..•. ~:oe .. d !' 11 el ia ::- ....::c _our-;il , .Itl Dc.J.~-& ro ~bot
aqnal ln rroaiuonoe .
•
•
_here re 47 ooll1 !'
d ;:;:ti'f i'<:.otor.!.cs in ·:le a:nit
tat ,
of 1l.J.i.:::b .·roy 1d .:.1. &l:y 11 .ve 22, tr.e z-e~c.t:ilder of .;or; Yvr: ~ te
12, ~roy -.a ..J.ba:.,,:r l'Jtluoe "oll"-l':. :.c.d cuffa t.J the
l:.le of
..12 , 000 , 000 8.:Ul .11.;, ....no W.l ti:e root o_· ;..;:o ~o.mtrJ h o a
lll'Oduotion in this liuo o_ only bout o.:.e .1ll1Ju dollaro •
Tho oo:-Jtract eyeter.1 is prevalent to a
r~et degree in tho
nufo.oturo ilf uo ..a sl:irta , ae:pacic.lly in the choapel· gradee . Thio
a steo. ie llradomina.nt in new York o.nd Bc.lticore •
�•
coasgr
llAllUP
cruru:
ila.rner Bros . Co . , is one of the largut Md bast known
manufacturers of coreate in the country .
i'heir main office and plant is at Bridgeport and :yet their
plant at Danbury is of no ama.l1 importance employin g 230 persons
of whom 200 a.re femaln . The meu in this plant are p aid .jlfi . QO per
week and the wo111111n 0.1'erage -3:a . oo .
This plant not onl,y produces corsets but tLlao suspender
buckles , bose eupporta:ra and !•arts , clasps and corset laces and
steels .
In the production of tbeee goode a l&rfle amoung of Bilk ,
linen percale a.nd cnmbrio corset cloth i s used and also steel aDd
composition metal for the metal parte.
•
•
•
with
t~"'h:~;a~~i~;:~~e ~:~·~=o~~~~t~!r!~e: 0 ;~.~o=;:: ~on
This oomp&ll,f occupies onr 50 , 000 squo.re feet of floor
apao11 and the annual production of the Danbury plant exceeds
~1 , 500 , 000 •
�•
IAtmDJY AIJD ClEA!UlfG I!IDUSTRY
The four laundries located in Danbury emplo7 102 persons
of whom 73 are teulea and po.y out ~52 , 200 annuall7 in wages.
Thes e esta.blish!IIC!Jlts represent :~on inl'estment l'al.Ue of
387 , 000 and their production in 1916 was nlued at $79 , 700 .
These plnnts oooup7 28 , 000 square feet of floo r 11paoe and
require 16 5 p rir::ar7 horse pOifer .
The lars:est of the .. plante are those of the D&nbury- Tro7
Lau.o.dr7 co . , and 'l'arget & Sie!IO D c o ., each bal'in&: Ol'er 40 employees .
'!'he Troy Laundry co . , also does dyeing and dr7 claa.n.ing
in addition to lo.undry work.
Yost of th$ establishments operate b7 ste&m and use sas
tor ironing.
•
The wace soo.le ia as follows :
-,vashl::en
J.:al. e ironers
i'ecale lronere
i'tu:mles
•
•
$1? . 00 per week
15. 00 "
"
10 - 50 "
7o00 to 12 . 00 per week·
�•
•
•
•
�4Ua
TRI!: KETAL WORK!lOG
•
IIJDUS'l"iU~S .
The r e is no mora i mpo rt an t group of industr i es than those! which
would come under this head , us theee industrie s as a rule e ~ pl oy
the bet ter clese oi' labor to a lar ge ext ent , &.killed mechanics r eceiv 1
~:fr~if~n=8~~8 ih~~ ~!t:bri:g~!n~:s~~~~ : !~:~si:!o~i!~~e~:a!~d t~h~
com;.unity .
Under t he ge neral he ed of lliQt&l worki ng i ndustries would come
all eatablishlllenta i n which metals in one form or another are the chief
mate r isle 1111ed in produoing the finished produot of such plant s,
:!i
there p~;~ i:~
a:~~:rui~!~:t~ie :ltn k~~~a g~g~~~!d sr~uBnnt~r;~a!hr~~t
can be classified i n tbia group of induetriu.
hess 4 8 establishments employ 757 peraona and pay out annually
,.622 , 900 in wages .
The general group of metal working industries can be divided i nto
several subsidiary groups , sa follows:
1 - Basic induetriea , such sa i ron end ste e l worka,
smeltera , r efineries , etc •
•
2- Secondary basic induatzl.es, including foundriea,
mallisble iron & st eel plants, drop f orging works,
b rass works, e ta.
3- Sheet m9tal iron worka and steel f a brication ..-orks.
4- W:anufeotur e of c omplete machiner y or parts thereof .
5- Kanutacture o! tooh , hardware and a mt<ll par te .
6- J.lanutacturot o! speoh.ltiee.
7- Manu fact ure o! vehi cl es .
There ere over 36 ,000 different kinde of articles or products
manufactured in whole or in a lerge par t of' me tal.
•
It woald be L:~~p oesible to t.e.ke up a study of each of these manufactured prod uct s i n de tail within the scope of th is work , but by di viding the various linea i nto allie d groupe ..-e can arrive at .fair
conclusions end the follo..-ing pages ere devoted to inf'ormetion oonc er n ing these var ious linea of manufacture.
produ! !d n:~r;yp~~Hl i~rih~ ! N~:;o~~~i ~:~::eiiu!!!hir~: :!~:d i~ben auy
of theee products can be munuf'acture d in Danbury on en equally pro.tteble
bash. Conditions in di ffe rent loc a liti es v11r y , however, oreating
v ari at io ns i n manuf acturing cost , end the conditions goveraing dieTi bution of products aleo vary, thus making one loc ation mo r e suitable
to r the manufacture of a apeoHio product th en another.
BASIC ! ROil & Si'.l3L JJAmf.!' ;.O.:: TlTrl ~
t'hile the long rail ro ad heul of r aw metllri a lB and plll"tly finished
would seem to muka ID&nu.f'act ur e of' basic iron and steel products
i n Danbury prohibitive , yet it is i nteresti ng to not <~ that ma ny o ! these
1 1 .e a of' iro n end steel manufacture ere now being cl:trrie d on i n places
C .. nne a ectiout , where f r eight co a t s are no l9 as then to Danbury and
tbeee i ndust r ise eppe c. r to be manufacturing at e. profit .
m~~.teri a ls
�'!'beu ero opea·hot.rt.h at eel works at Bloomfield , Chrome , :th1111pe burg , liahwuy, Hoboken and Ne•ark, B. J , and Staten leland .
•
lbat is known aa "marcb&ntn mills ua located 1. t ~renton, .noebliog, .rtook.!lway and Dover, ! . .:. , one in ..:onnecticut and one in
Maeeeohuaetta.
rwo crucible a te a l works
and one in Harrl8on .
u-e locc.ted r.t ... awarll:, one in Jersey I.Oity
Steel works ere located in Providence and Newslk, J , .. .
'rbe Central Iron &: Coal ,;ompany and the Hudaon Iroa ... omptiJl,i operate
blsat fur necee tor the manl.lf~.ooture of pig iron in the Haw 'lor.( ;one
and other blast f'u rnecee ere located in neli. r by I!ew Jersey poiata and
in ~onnectiout.
Newark has 3 steel casting works £nd there are eleo other works of
this kind in several New Jersey pointe end one in A..ueonie, ... onu .
Newark has two roell~eble casting works
&<ld Trento:n MOther.
Worcester , M.aaa. e.o.d :Ei"ridgeport ; , EJonn , have electrical steel wo r ks .
•
It oen thus be aoen that •e should not be toO htl sty in assuming
that l'lllSic metal indus t ries could not be profitably operat ed in
Danbu r y wd a !urth(lr study or this sub ;ect woUld be of interest.
J. community to be most successful in the mete.l working industries
should have within itself' located all the necessary baeic metal indue tries to supply mat.eriels to ita menu!ecturing plente.
'rhia would include bleat furn.:ces, a ...elters rolli ng mille , wir e
mille and tube mille and £mong the other products would be
Kochinery & tool s t.eel
Structural ateel
Low carbon et& " l for
CloSe hardenilJ8
.l.!.edium ce.rbon steel for forg ing
Iif~Y;gr~~~~~~:e:~c~ 0 a h:i~~~f~gchrome - nickel,
Yanediu.w.
i
It ie unreasonable to expect that tber _,. will ever be located
in Danbur;y blast fu rnace a and ste e l works aucb as ere ope rated in
Western Penne;ylvanta 81d b middle west. Onder modern prooessee
bleat furnaces are not operated profitably nor ere open hearth ateel
~~~~:n~i:;:d ·:~~~P:;a~~i~e b~~!!d~;~;~s s~~~!!iti~s buii~ !a~ii.ni t
! or the W8llufaoture of at.eel without blest furnaoe t uo i litiaa .
•
ia
Aa an
l~t~ag~!n-~~=r~~u:!~~~a;i::; , ~g:~~t 0i :f:~iclUr~~~~ H U!ffi~tt~e~;
just west o! Pitteburgb , wit.b a specious site adJoining and baa
•·- tralhed ita open - hearth ope r ations there, with plana !or e second
bl a st fur nace when one unit pr oves ineufficient.. 'l'he .Pittsburgh Steel
Company , when it decided to go into the manufacture of open-hearth
e teol instead o buying billets in the open me.Det , built blas t furne.cee
to r ound out ita new Ojlln- hesrth plant at Monessen. 'l'he Duplu: ayetm
of oper ating blest furnaces and open - h<J &r1..h, by which the pig iron
is charged molten , bee aided in wt:king the twin bh.st furnace opanbeerth combinv.tion en essential to low mmufscturin@ coste.
~t;~ir~~~:a~! ;~;;:n s!~~ne.~~ 8 t'!r!!vf~~ t~ ~~:r·~;e c:~:~g ~:~~f*•
0
:~!!I 6~n!f~~n~~r:ai~!~i: i~o~~,fi
~o;:a:r;~c;~~d b~!~~~~ =~ei~ 8
t:
•
close a loD-8 time contract with the merohent furnace and move to a Bite
c l ose enough t.o the furnace to permit of deliv e rie s of molten iron.
This Grranse111ent exiata between the Sn~derint. '" reets and the We st
Steel oli-etlng interests at Sherpa ville, .Pa . , end be tween the ~ orrigen
J.IcKinner Comp&ny end a user of the iron f r om He Joee}>hing (Ps . ) furnace •
�•
1'b.ere will always be idl e bleat furnaces and plants eo
long as a furnace or a mill becomes t.ntedated i n as abort a 'time
as in the iro n end steel tndue1.ry. The ieolated "hi gh- cost"
pl ants are the ones that suff er in area of low oonsump't i on and low
prices . '.i. bere ti r e groupe of bl eat furnaces known as "high- coat
sts.cke" in ;Southern Ohio , Jentrel Pennsylvania, Virginia and the
South that oper ate only when pig iron rBisee t.o a base price 11
more than ,.;17 or <o>l8 at Pittsburgh. These have been idle moat of
the time since 1907 u ntil last year. They come i n sa Obe price
of pig iron goes high enough to allow them e mergin of profit .
There are steel pl ant failures, either standing idle ordiamantled,
all through the Ohio ~ allay, B:ae hrn Ohio and Pennsylvania.
I solation, imprope r management , poor i'r eight. faoilit.iea and "punk"
products ere the moat glf.ring crauses of failure . It te.kea a good
steel men to make good ste el.
With the &pplicrction ot' modern processes and methods of
et'f iciency, Lbe moat economical end vd ve ntegeous operation of
bleat i'urneces is secured through the i mmediate subjecting oi' the
iron wh i le yet is e molten state to further menufect.uring processes,
it. being converted largely into steel.
•
•
Thus it is that the economical advantage in this industry
is in the Op9rction of bleat furnaces in combination with steel
works, rolling mille end wire mills and for the e-stablishment of
this kind of industry. Danbury baa no hope.
~'here are large possibilities, ho~~o·ever , for the deve lopmen t
of iron and steel consuming i ndust ri es and in Danbury and i n feet
this field i'or development is u.nlimited, The more plants
that can be established producing p t~ rtly finished mate riels, th a
easier it wil l be to secure the location here oi' establishments
menuf~:~ctur i ng machinery, tools. automobiles , applisnoee end other
finished products.
Por this reaeon , perticul l: r eff ort should be direotedtowa rd
securing the loee:tion in Danbury of the fol lowing:
1-lialleeble iron pl ants.
2- Stee l f orging pll:.Dts.
o ~ Stea l stamping plants .
4 -Ironbrase and bronze fou.ndries.
5~Steal casting plont s.
6-Gear plants.
7~0thar pl&.nta manufacturing machine ry parte.
8 - ~haet me tal stamping plants .
Thera i s a decided shortage i n Danbury or foundry cepecit.y
and u large proportion of the castings re quired b;;- various machinery
end speci alty plants tu"e secured from foundries located i n Bridgeport
snd eleewhara ,
Bridgeport is not better s i tuated &8 a manufacturing
location than Danbury end yet bee de veloped t.o a wonderf ul degree
es a metEl worki ll8 oent.er. Nearly every metsl product that ie
msnufectured i n :Bridgeport could be manufactured e qually as wall
in Dan bury .
variety
The
/ '
of metal produc t s manufactured in Bridgeport
is sho1fll by the follow i ng list:
•
Automatic Machinery
Automobile Aoceasories
Express Boxes
Bab bitt Its tal
Bills-Buckle s
Corse L Cl asps & ll'orme
Cutlery & Cutters
Ties
Drawing Steel
Doop i!'orgnigs
.!!:ngrners Plate
Brackets
Brese tabele-c eetinga- Lu bea
Bronze
l:ebinet
Cane - Cle ek J.lovemen·t e
Gerpenter Toole
Carriage & Hardware
..:asters-
lire .:!i&capee& .utinguiahers
i!' oundry ..~.quipment
.l!'urnacee
Gee engines-met ers & ?ixturee
rtwgas & Gong Belle
Gear Cutters- Grease Cups.
Hardware
�•
•
Chain- J of!ee Roasters
Cold Steel
Coppa r-tli veta - 'lire - 'l'ubing
Iron York t or Build inge
Jewelry
Kerosene Znginee
Kay Steel
Lamps &: Lamp Burners
Latba llfg'e .
Jlaobine lorgn i g'e &: Tools
1deohinery
Magnet s
lletel Cormioee &: Sky lights
llatal Goode &: Bovelties
Metal Windows &: Doors
Me t a l Working J.loby
Motors- ..!.leCt ri o &: Gasoline
l!o ving Picture Mch a.
~ oveltias - Metals
011 Pw::lp U!re.
Screens-windows &: Doors
Screw-Jlaobinee
Screws
Seamless Boxe s- Cane & Tubaa
Sa wing Maohine a
Shears
She e t Ketal Goode
Shuttle Iron
di l ver ?lated ••&re
Silverware
Skir t Supporters
Solder
Spri ngs- Bed, Auto, Car riage
Stampe d Metal Goods
Steam .:i:ngines& Valves
Steel i!'orginge
Steal
Incubctor Wire
Iro n ll'oundr!e sIron &: Stee l- CoJ,d
Ornamental Iron Wor:t
? spar Machine r y
Patterns- Metal
Pens
PiBnO &: Organ Hardware
Pi pe &: Thread CutUng Toole
Pipe Vises &: Wrencbe a
Pieton Ringe
Plumbing Materi al
Preas JUra .
Printing Preaaae
Pumpo
Railroad Supplies-Seale &: Coupl .. re
:tasore
Rubber Moh;y .
Safety Valera
Chaine &: laatenere
Steel &:
Steer Di spl ay P i rturae
:fold ing llachinee
Telephone
i'ixturea & bUll Supplies
Toole & Tool eets
To yo
:::~ffng t. Jilre •
Typesetting Msoh i nea
Typewriti ng Machines
Val ve s
Ventilations
Walding Machinee
Whi a:tlae
l i re Good s
Wire
Wire l arki ng Machinery
The r e are no individual j obbi~ iron foundries in
Danburf and the need for euch establishment s 18 very great .
About the !iret queetion that would be asked by a manufacturer
.. ~ 8 ; 8 ~~;n;~~r oto!~i;~~~~h~~f!!~~ring location bare is -
•
i'be Turner Machine Co., operates an iron and breee foundr y
at it.e machine plant is Dnebury, tor the production of' ita own
castings requirements, which are about 180 tone per yeur. heir
foundry c epsoi ty ~ rmitsthem to mske a e atings to a bout en equal
amount to supply local demunde.
Ou.t aide o r thie sme ll supply of loc e l c stings E: v e ileble,
the menu! ecturere in Danbury, purchase the ir s of t gre ;v iron c eatinge
f rom Norwalk, Bridgeport and Waterbury, paying 41'1 to 6r/ p e r pound
f or e!l.ID.e f.o . b. 'J.be f r eight r ll. taa o n c as t ings from tbeaegoi·rtts fi"ll
s a t' ollowe 1.0 Danbury:
Prom Horw t~ lk -- 11 ate .
" \l' at e rbury--14 ate.
" Bridgeport-- 9 a t e.
'here ar e probably 400 to 500 tone of cas tings p e r y;;~ Br
1Jurch~e a o by Dnnbur)' induat. rhe fr om tte•e c i t ies tirld t h is would
ma ke a very resp e c t able business beg inni ng !or e new :foundry .
~!!i~!s!i ;~uign~a :!~~r::pb;i ; 3Dantu~;rf~u~~~~ir:; ~~= t~t:n eive
4
surrounding terri t ory s.nd neighbo ring towns .
•
Tbe foundry depar t ment of The Turner Ks ch ine Co., bee
one cupo l a of' eigh t t ons capacity an d a br t~ es f u r m .. oa ot' one hal f ton
c epaoi t y. This oampany can ma ke grey iron CllSti ngs up to two
t o ns weight.
�The _pig iron U.~ed by thie ple.nt 1e purchas ed from
Reading snd .:.eaton, Pa . and the moulding sand is obtained from
Albany. The ~rner found ry employe rorty men.
•
•! J tl
A new local foundry could piok up e. large amount of eci'e.p
iron in this territory at low cost m1d probably not more then
50 \\ of new pig iron would be r equired •
though
6;~;~h:!~ ~~~~tw;~;:a~~u~;l~~~a~~:e &ir~~m= ~~~~~ 6~~~ :'
end another at rlichmond Hill, ll.ass.
8
'lor a foundry making a vefy high grade of oeatinga the
che.rcoel pig iron made by the Barnwn- Hicherdson Co. at Lim.:~ Rock
as by the Richmond Iron Works at Richmond l!'urnece , Mesa ., would
be aepecie.lly suitable and the freight r Btee from those points
are lower thBn from Pennsylvania.
A loc al t 'oundry would howeve r, probably f ind the iron made
these furnaces to o good and too expensive for ordinary UBe.
~-y
The freight r ete from Richmond ?urnaces to DanburJ is onl7
.,;2.00 wh ile the freight u.te from the Pittsburgh district to Danbury
in pig iron is $ 2 ,80.
•
At present .No . 2:z: or foundry pig is quoted in Philad&>lphia
at $ 30 . 00 per ton. The priae of the Richmond i!'urneoe and Li me Hoek
ehereoel pig in normel .. imee is v30.00 per ton , but ie now ~ 35 . 00 •
Connecticut i s only a small producer of pig iron the
production of the state in 1 914 being only 70,524 tone.
In considering the available sources of ren material
for metal working industri es i t 1e well to ljlention that merchant
i~~n 3~~i:i~~o!~ g~~~~a::~ ~!~~h!!~ ~~!!in~;~ 1 ~r~~ i~: ;:;v~a!~!
Co •
Iron & Steel Co. , or f rom the lariat Steel Co., at Bridgeport .
The J-..me rioen Tube & Stamping Co., et Br idgu port make iron !orgings ,
ingots, blooms, billets end hl)ops end cold rolled ate!!!, steel plates
end steel tubes, but moat of this material is made for their own use.
Brass bronze and metsl produota are the moat importent
line of manufacturers in the state of Uonnect i cut end i t is to be
hoped that Danbury will be eble to secure a larger Bh,.re of tliB
kind o! industrial development.
•
At the preBent time the industries in Danbury whiah can
be classed as metal working ere as follows:
l.!ac hinery en General Mach ine Work •
JJoren Bros.
Morlo ck Machi ne Works
lurner Mach ine Co .
flew Machine ..:o
Boesch Manufacturing Co.
Willi am Backus
Metal Speci eltiae.
R~t!~~r~~ E~ng
!t!~t;t~ !!:~i!t~~;~a
0
8
:!!!etl
Co · }
l
Natl. El eotric O'tilitiee Co.{ electria he ating danc e s)
Roge rs Silver Plating Co.
( silverware)
Danbury Bress Works
( umbtelle handles)
George H. Kinneer
(steel wires & eleape l
•
Sheet Metal Speo ieltiee .
Danbury Hardware Co.
Danbury We lding 0o.
Thomes !Scofield
Jrsnk Kql'\'iCk. Co •
�Sheet
•
Ket~: rd!.l~;~:bing.
No rman&: ?:lling:wood
::
5: ~!!f~;
W. H. Mo Evoy
::
E: g~h~:;
Danbury Plumbing Co,
W, B. Bodekon
Gallagher Broa.
J , R. Blackburn
?, :. . Hall &: Son,
Duena &: Celhene
Auto Machine Shops
D. \> , /lint
Idee.l Garage
i:e:~ ~~~i~;
Ired & ~a.ylor
G. A. Lewis
co _
Pyramid Garage
;rrf~!a:.;foaa: .
Danbury Garage
Bethel Garage
Machine ahope are also opareted by the Iiew York, New
Have :-~ and Esrt! ord R. R. the Danbury & Bethel Street rlailwe:y Co ., fllld
t he Danbury & Bethel Ge.s & _,leot r ic Go .
'rhe largest o! the Den bury' a me tel working industries
is the Turner Machine Co . llh ich employs over one hundred men.
'i.'he Ball &: Roller Bearing Co., employ about 100 men and
the nogere Silver Pleting Co . have 100 employes o:f whom ~5 ~ :femal es .
•
The products o:f the i'urner Jl.aehine l.!o , , DQ t'en Bros.,
Bew liaehine Co ., Yorloch llleoh ine Co. ead Boesch Mfg. Co . ere
l ar ge ly machinery and tools !or hat manufacture and the cutting
end prepe.retion of fur.
The particular machines o! thh kind manu!aotured are
f ur choppers, r ur grinders, crown pou.nce~, deg- taering machines,
snip !eedere, b~ lowere, fur mixae, shaving mtiobin~e. printing preseee
!ur feeders, f ur bet !ormers, e prar for~~era eiz~l!, body rounders ,
whizzerli, second sise rs lat hes and brush brim pounces.
The hat machinery industry or Danbury has developed to
coneide r eble proportions and ia steadily growi ng . t he local
machine manutacturere doin~ a large bueineee outside or Danbury .
The 'i'urne r Kechine Co., alae operetee 10 l~;.rge plent in
Newark, N. J .
The increas ing ue e of the automobi l e bee developed a
oonsidereble buaineea in repair work and t ie garage abope in
Danbury employ 65 automobile maobiniste. The Green .. uto 0o .
employs 11 men end the Hllow auto Co, 10 men.
•
The only iron forging done in De.nbury outside of the
large machine shops is t hat done by blacksmiths and it would
e ppe ar that the re ia an u:cellent opportu.nity in this cil;y t or
an industry doing general fo rge work, orna.::nental iron work,
f'ettcf-ng, etc.
i'hen eJ.eo appears un &Jt:cellent opportunity here for a
large sh ~ et metal plant handling beav;y work such as boilers, tanks,
s moke st a cks, skylights, ventilators et c .
Outside of th e makers o! steel hat reeds then are no wi'Z'e
works H any kind in Danbury and this 'Ml uld be en excellent lo cation
<~' or euob an industry, epec18l in wiLe- tending , o!rice grille,
baskets, guards, etc .
A small eheet meteJ. works epeciali~< 1 ng in deiry u.ntensile
end equ ipment, poult q• end etock wetering t roughs end farm apecif:ltt1as
would have a l erge merket i n the Danbury terri tory •
•
�'ibe railroad yorde in Danbury employ about 100 men end the
rt.1lroed ehope 50 me n . '=he !f, Y. ii" . H. RR . is~ shops here and
will emplo;r e large r force of mechani cs .
-~ ·
f
•
'141
Warner Bro s Co ., ·corset manufactures, while olneeed
elsewhere , have an import.mt metel working departmen t. , meltill8
the clasps and buckles used o n corsets and bose supporters .
D. Decker .J. Son . 1 . l , Strine, George 1. . Kinnear and
George ~ . Sherman are manu!ecturing ot the wire reeds used by
betters and also of ateel reed clasps .
•
The Denbur;v aup;. Co . bee re cently perfaot.ed a method
manufacturing a fine wire mesh clo th such as is used bf paper
.. nd por~elBin ml!lllu!acturere . It is made of a very f i ne braes
They are r e ceiving or ders fo r th18 mat erial in such 11uentity
that the business 1a likel)' to develope into an industry of
considerable impor tance, e.nd they all will soon enl arge the ir
for
maka ra
wire .
plant. .
The Bell &: Moller Bearing Co. is an industry t.o be proud
ot and demonstJ!e.tes that Danbury is a suitable locati on tor almost
•
an;v line of amall metal product s rnanuf actura. i'hia oompan;v m6kea
stee l b6.lls, ball thrust bearings , roller thrust be arings, radial
rolle r bearings , annul ar roller be~:.ringa , enti - f rio tim bearings ,
journ a l roller bearings, and locating washer in large varie ty and or
high grade, 6lld also does screw machine , ork to order , and
specializes in carbonizing and hev.t treating of stael parts •
The Denbnr r Bsrl7.'are Co ., specializes in hatters comes for
use i n hot manufac ture .
The Tur ner Jlachine Co . not only mekee batters machine r y
but als o apeoi alizes in machine tools among Lhe ir products being
e turret l athe of superior .ment and excellence of workmanship.
'!'he llational <nectric Utilit i es Corporation is an
infant industry which should be 'fb1$.1 tered . They heve some moat
excellent and saleable products inc luding electric cook i ng r anges
and dance a of various kind a.
The Rogers Silverware Plat i ng Co. i a another impor t.a.nt
industry t o Danbur y . , m!.UU!Bcturing a variety of silver novelt.iee
including de eke ae te , electric fiXtures, mirror frames, smoking seta,
ink wa lla , pen racks , clock fr&mes, or naments, ehe.ndeliere, etc.
•
The Ruaael l ~ l ect r ic Co ,, specialize s in electric borne
whis tles and eignBle, and ita expansion should be encouraged and
.. asiated •
Labor is the metal industries i s reasonable in Danbury,
skilled msch1nieta being paid ..021. 00 to ~ 25. 00 per week. .
The g row th and expansion of the e l actrioel apparatus ,
equipment and s upplies i ndustry offers gree.t poae i bilit.ie s for
Danbury
The manuftt.otura of e l ectric machi nery apparatus and
supplies bt.B become a ver:y import run industry i n the country, there
being 11 21 establishments of tl'is kind in various pe.r1.8 of: the
country , producing goods valued i n 1914 at 'i'~59,412, 6'76.
Unde r this bead comes the manufacture of dynamos, generetor~t
convertors, trane forme re, batteries, ct.r bons , search lights,
~!~~:o ~~dIe l=~~r i ~ 0 1~ ~~ i ~:m~~ it~~ =~d~ =~= ~; e;:m!~p B;~i!:; Sie i!~~~!!Ol BB
:~;!i~~:: 'e~=~~~i~a io~!!~~I!~ah!~~i~r!~ a~~~~~~, s:~:~!i:~ ' .!~:!~i~i~;s
•
electric clocks, insulated \\'ira, circu.1 t fi tti nge and nlllllBroua other
products.
�The Au t omo bile Induetr:y.
•
'J.he wonde r ful expans i on o! the aut o;nobile i nduaLry
offe r s opportuni t i e s t or De.nbtll'y
i'he te ndenc y of aut omobile mo.nu taotursr a to l owe r prices
of mo to r a c re mesne a battl e for supr eme.oy thut wil l fo r oe manu!aoturee
to go ?:hera there is a g r eater numbe r of sk illed wage e arne r s , whe r e
labor ia more eff i cient end a Labla , and co a ts l eea, a nd t.o get
cl oser to t heir raw mater i el and center of d istribution . .nlready
there i s a.n unmiatLka ble sign of tendency of migration to the east ,
of a u tomob ile manu!aoture re from the lli ddl e i'e a t , whe r e, during
191 5 , about ...400,000,000 . worth of motor c e re were manu!ectured.
The amount or oars that can be sold from any one section is
bound , bJ reason or eoonomio conaidarationa , to be l i mi ted. The
eoonom i u factors of labor- avei l ebillt;y, chere.oter of ; raw material
proximit;y to, e.bundr:noe of ; market - competit i on encountered, and
canter of diat ri but i on, and t r anepo r tatio n, - cheapnese and deepaLoh ,
are forcing, and wi l l continue t o f o r ce i n i nc r easing ratio, mi grat ion
of motor oar manutact11rera fro m t he Middle West ."
•
Whi l e the au tomobile 1nduet r ;y ae a .,.-hol e represents vatte d
forme of manui'ectur l ng , i t i s clae ai!ied und e r the general haad of ~JMtal
work i ng i ndus t r ies f r o the r easo n t hat meet of t he mate r ial s used
are or met al . The 1nduat r ;y i s ao i mport ant , h oweve r, and t h e future
poas1b1 11t1ea for ita dne l ~pment 1e Danbury are eo graat that a
eepar a te chapt er 1e d evoted to i t a consideration .
Ae i ll we ll known, the center of the a utomob ile industry 1a
in Det ro i t , Mich ., wh i ch olt.;y produoa a 87f, of the t:utomobilee of the
United States. N0 t w1thatendifl8 this f act, t here appee r a no l Ogical
raeeon wh y Detro i t should h av e become the center of the automObile
i ndus try and it i a t o be noted that the i ndus t r y is g r a dually
spr eadi ng t hroughout the country e.nd many o t h e r c i t i es have al ready
become import a nt produc tion p o i nte ,
The pr oduc ti on of automobiles 18 lar gely a matter of the
aaaembling of par te and the menu!act ure of t h ese par te 1e die tr i bu1.ed
t hroughout the large e r as o! the country from the lo\'i ea ieeipp i to the
Atl antic seaboard , llany of the la r ge automobile produce r s manufacture
their own motors t:nd some of the other perte used in const r ucti o n, b.ut
b y ! er t he gr eate s t a.motlllt of the pa rt e uaed i n mot or oona:L r uotioo,
ere produc ed by manufacturers specializing in euob parte .
•
l or exemple, i n the producti on or mot o r a, tr&n&llli&ai oa ,
steering gear s, bel l bear ings , d r op forg i ng parts , gse r a, valves and
eng i ne p a r t e, t i res and ecceeeoriee, elect r i c al equiptl!Bnt , ce.rburet a tore
and magnetoa . end
I t o e n thus be understood that the edventege of l ocation
~;r!~~~m~~!~~e~l ~~t:u~~~;n~~ !~~~1~fa~~ ~a;~: :~e::~~;i!f~ ~dt~eo
0
upon st.retegio position ea to distribution of tb a finiehed product .
I n a genoral way 1t woul d , there fo r o, eppeer that the moat ad vantage ou s
location for automobi l e pl ants desiring a n~tionol dietr i bution
woul d be some--here i n the mid dl e west .
It is e f act, however , thet Uae product i on of automobiles b e e
become eo large that the more import a n t manufacturers now have
div i ded thei r distribut i on in ~ o a nwnber of separate maJor te rr itories
end i n some cease heve fou <d it of edvant ~:~ge to eeeemble Lhei r care at
a cme central point within these var iou.e me.Jor terrHoriee. 'lor
exampl e , the Haw York zo na would be the moat advantageous point for the
distribution of cera throughout the 6astern cities 8lld along the
At l antic Seaboard as fer south ee i'loride tlld ae the coat of freight
on par te 8lld materials used i n the constr uction ia much lees than on
•
!~3tiPW•a!l!rftl.iT8l! 1 l!•• ~8!fii•:, !StBrilia£•~.¥lt !!!J~bltng oar• tor
Danbury b::J.e co ~n~~enced 1 t a eetabl i ehw.ent b.f automobile
p:trte in ~ uetriea through the location here of the Ball a.nd Roll er
Be aaJ. ng Co,
�•
Ignitera
In Jec tors
Ineul8till8 materials
Jacke t a
Jaoks
,' i ga
.1o i nta t uni •areal/
L-•
Lamp brDoll:ete
Lamp l ense s
Lanp lighters
Leather
Levers
License braoketa
Light dilll!llere
Light i ng dymllllloa
Lighting ewit ohes
Lighting and a Lerting ayateme
Lana re arne ra
Lubricators
Lugglige oarriera
Lunch kits
•
:~~~~~lde
Mouldings
Mountings
llud guar ds
Yu!tler out out
!ems pletee
Hut a
Odome tere
011 cans
0 11 gliu.gae
Oilers
Packers
Pedals
Pedal rubber p ede
Pis tone
Pl atea
Pliers
Prea w re regula tors
•
~~i~:~s
l'roJeotor a
Prope lle r eha!ta
Pumps
Push bu.ttone
Radiators
Ri diator !ana
Ha d iator hose
Rad i at or ornaments
Radietor protectors
Rims
Rim r emover s
Bunning board s
Running gea rs
•
Screws
Seeroh lights
Seets
Self st arters
Shok abs orbe rs
Silence rs
Spark plugs
Sparking better iu
Sparkers
Speed Ch6Dge Levere
Sp eedometer&
Spokes
Spri ngs
Sprocke ts
Starte rs
Steel I machine )
St eering gears
Steering wheels
St eer i ng levers
Stop hangers
Stools
Sto rege batt er i es
Straps
Storm aprons
Switche s
Tanke
Throttl es
Thr ottle gripe
Ti mere
Ti mer l oolra
Tire luge
Ti re toole
Tire pumps
f i re ve.l ve s
Tire VuJ.osnizere
Tool kate
To pe
Top hol dere
Top irons
Top l1nill8
Top reate
Top stays
'l'ow11l8 linea
Trailers
Tr anamlaai ona
Tr ansmissions c as e s
"
c hai ne
gears
Trimmi ngs
Trunko
Tr unk r acks
Turn buckles
Valves
Valve turningtoola
lashe rs
l'b.eela
IYb.ae l s re movers
Wheel rims
l'l ndahi e lde
1'1ra
l'ire wheels
�AUTOM05ILi:: J?:,R'i'S ,t A::::~SSO:t.I.::3 ~n;~ :::OULD BE
w.Di: IB DAiiBORY
'l'o develop the .it.utomobile Industry.
•
Angle Iron & .,ted
Aluminum bodies
J.m:neters
Auto :Battlers
J. uto S.!lids
#pron lesteners
Axles
Axle housings
Axle stools
Axle stool supports
Bearings
Bear ing Scrapers
Belts
Bent wood
Body panels
Body irons
Body hingee
Body linings
Body presaes
Bolts
•
Box sockets
Brake s
Brake banding6
Brake cables
Brake linings
Brake levers
Bra se mountings
Buokln
Buffera
Bumpers
Burners
Bushings
Carburetors
Carbon eorepers
Carpets
Cleaning
eppar~:~tus
.:oetings
Cbt11DB
•
•
Cbein guerda
Chain tools
Charging apparatus
Chimes
Ci r Guletion pumps
Clamps
Clipe
Cloaks
Clutches
Clutch covers
Clutch linings
Clut.ob le athe r
Clutch pedals
Clutch levers
Cost rails
Coile
Counterebnfts
Cover a
Crank Cease
Crank case reamers
Crank handles
..:rank henge ra
Creeper•
Curtains
Curtain feateners
Cushions
Cush ion fillings
Cushion springs
..:;vlindere
C;vlinder Boring machiner;v
C;vlinder cleaning apparatus
Dash boards
Dash boards mir :rore
Decarboni~ers
Dome light s
Doors
Door fsstensrs
Door hinaas
Door locka
Drip pans
Drop forgings
.slestic sbe!te
£lec t ri o switches
JSlec t. ri c light a
Engine startera
3xheust mu!t'lera
i!' abrioa
i!11n bleke a
hno
t an pumpe
len pulle;va
i' elloea {wheel)
lenders
?le.ngee {hub wheU l
1 loor plate&
il' l}' whee la
too~ rails
? r8lll8 padding
:i'rictio n trsnsmia .. ion
i!'uel indioet ora
!uel tanka
l!'unnelil
~uses
Gaa lanps
Gas tanks
Gaskets
Gsaoline hoae
Gasoline tubing
Gauge lights
Gee.re { d iff'erential)
Geers ( Steel)
Gears ( rawhide )
Gear shift levers
Goggles
Generators
Hampers
Headlight
Headlight 'brackets
Beat ora
Heel plat es
Binae s
Hoists
Hoods
Hood taatenera
Hood locka
Borne
Born bulba
Born t ubing
Hub a
Hub cepe
Hub r Jem. ra
·til
��•
The New Machine
Company
1/ui/drrs
~1
Fur Cutting and H atter's
M achin ery
(l nc<>rp<JrMeJ/896)
•
1908 Catalog
DAN BU RY, CONN . , U . S. A.
(C ROSB Y STR E ET )
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�PLEASE NOTICE.
THIS CATALOGUE SUPERCEDES PREVIOUS ISSUES.
Destroy others. If you have no use for it at this time, you will
most likely need it in the future, and would appreciate your placing the same on file. If, however, you do not care to do this, we
will be pleased to refund postage if you will kindly return it to us.
THE BALL AND ROLLER BEARING CO.,
DANBURY, CONN. , U. S . A.
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CATUOGVE No.8
The Ball and Roller Bearing Co.
Danbury, Conn., U. S. A.
SUPERIOR
BALl n-IRUST BEARINGS
WilhFlatiWIRace
BALl THRUST BfARINCS
WithCroo•ociBa"R•u
BAll TIIR UST BEARINGS
W'"llhCr..ocl8.oii Race6Spheri<aiSeot
ROLLER n!R UST BEARINGS
JOURNAL ROUER BEARINGS
ANTJ.fRICTION BEARINGS TO SPECifiCATIONS
CYL1~DRICAL
ROLLERS TO SPECIFICATIONS
SCREW MACH INE WORK
CAR BONIZING AND ti EAT TREATING OF STEEL PARTS
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Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation Records, MS050
Description
An account of the resource
The Danbury Industrial Corporation was established between 1916-1918 to promote the City of Danbury as an attractive location for business and industry initially through the purchase of land for industrial development. The collection includes the D.I.C. records, clippings, correspondence, legal documents and most notably a three volume Danbury Industrial Survey which contains comprehensive descriptions and statistical analyses of Danbury's business and industrial community from 1918.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms050_danburyIndustrial.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
f8adbdb8-5e8f-4930-8061-bab2f15afedd
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.
Title
A name given to the resource
Danbury Industrial Survey, Vol. III
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Danbury Industrial Corporation
Relation
A related resource
MS050
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1919
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
13dfffcd-0be9-457c-9f9d-6395d6b43f68
Danbury
Industry
Manufacturing
Statistics
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_Industrial_Corporation_Records_MS050/394/scrapbookWholeSmall.pdf
db1ecb2f443ff1a653abab931cb83103
PDF Text
Text
CORPORATI IS LAUNCHED _. - t aln fa,ctory b uildings, w a rehouse;; a nlf d wellings. ( c) T o a pply f or, p urchase Ot o therwise a cquire c ontracts o r :.c oncess ions f or o r i n r elation t o, a nt-'manufaeturi~g, o r m ercantile b usiness o r e nterprise. . I d) T o p urchase, h ire o r o therw15e I 0 a cq uire r eal e state a nd p ersona. pl" - I a nnexed t o h i Tl h e o f t he p ar , v alue o t t en o llars, ' ' and f urther a grees t o p ay f or t he , same a s t ollows: t en p er c ent o f , the a ,mullllt o f ' suheoc,' iyt ioll - m ca~h a t t he t ime o f s ubscrIbmg; fifo . t een T'f-' r L' ('nt ' -If t !'\e ()~ A-' b : -Ul1U!J ,.:.t 1918 l "th ~ubscription o n S eptem e r " '. ' a nd t he b alance i n t hree i nstallments 'as t he d ire;;tore o f s aid c orporation v erty a nd any r i ghts o r prlvlleg~s S hflll c ali l~ \'l' t he s ar:10 a rte r r\:;c . . .H Vtng w hich t he c orporar.ion m ay d ",cm n ec- thirty d ays' !1(',ticc, i n w riting, o f t he li c ss #lry o r c onvenient f or t he pU,I'- amount o f e ach i nstallment a nd t he po,s es o f i ts o rg an ization. '. 11 b Coble U(e) T o m ortgage i ts . p roperty a nd t ime w hen t be ,,;.;me ,:;h:i, e p;ly~ . .Ii i ssue ,b onds a ccording t o t he, l aw s ,O'f .#\ 11 J#'a\'()l" PIUH . the s tate w herein i ts p roperty m ay J udg e C unnin /l'ham s aid t hat i t w as i - -'-- be s ituated . " ' his ' b elief t hat i t w as t he p roper r ( f) T o a pply f or, p urch a se o r o th- time t v a s], t or s ubscriptions a nd ' r T he D anbury I ndustri a l Corpora~ c-rw)se a cquire l et ters p atent, c b py- he s aid t hat t he p resence o t s uch a ', t,ion .neetl'no utgrowth o f ht he two.. wee,hs rig!lts o r r egistered t radem'I'e t he' g o t c itizens eld enthu"'HL~arks o f l arge n umber o f m en a t t he m eetmg, ' t l'C r t I I . i ndICated a g'() ·0 t a " e s teps t o. p romo,te t,h e 111,- t he U nited b S t a e s Dr ,e s ew 1et o . a n y ' h e h oped, t hat a ll il11:e naea 1 , K () T ty r U llstria l p rospenty o f t he Clty a n d t ) g 0 e come fa p ar ' h p rofits t o u upport t he m ovem,e nt. ' 'It i s h ot'l o I ltt D anbury o ut o t t he n on-essentlal law fu.l a greement ~rt s a~mg 0 o per e xpected t hat a il c an s ubscribe h eavassul'Cd t act l ast o r t o a ny u nion 0 f m ere s s , #: - ' . . i ly t o t he s tock," h e s aid, " but w e aU cla~s, b ecame a n I 01 a t ion o r m utu al a g r eeme n t " .'lth a ny c an s how o ur g ood w ill b y s ubscnb- , e vemng, w hen, a fter t he a~prov~four l;erEOn, p a rtnership, e ompallY o r c or- I'ng, n ot f or l aI'~'e a mounts, b ut t or I, t he f orm of.ll1CDrporatlO~" e ighty ' '0- p')ration c arrying o n o r e ngaged ,~n c ~,"rlSo ns m ade l l1lllal SU U lljJu uns t ,sc a ny m anufacturing . o r m ercantlJe s mall o nes. ' There a re m en w ho a s ' t he c ap-ita l s tock o f t he c ompany., ( 'usiness o r t ransaction c apable o f a m atter o f i nvestment a nd t o s how ThE: a lyc les o f inc orp:)!· ~tlO n, hel,~ ' bo ing m anaged s o a s t o ~ither dire~tly t heir f aith i n D anbury w ill b e w ming- t p ubllsheu, h av e b een .al)P10Ved fil~t o r i ndirectly b enefit t his c orpOl'atlO,n, t o s ubscribe h eavily ." f t lte s ecl'etary 01 s tate a nd t he -, W I E:ncl m oney t o 01' o therWIse a sSIst H is s ugg'es tion t hat a ll t hose W ill-, ' meeting o f t he s tockholders, h~s 'b~e~ a ny s uch p erson, p artnership; c om - ing t o s ubscribe f or a t l east o ne l c alled f or V lednesday. eVe nlll ." r Ao;c p any o r c orporation; t o p urchase, ta,~e s hare b e a sked t..o a rise w as p resent- 'll' zs, i ll t he C Ity B all l or t he pu, P, , 01' o therwise a cquire a nd h old s hare" e d b y t he c hairman a nd p racttcp.lly I) f c-lectll1g d irectors a nd t .ransact.Jl1g 01' s tock i n o r s ecurities o f a ny s uch e very m an a rose t o h is f eet. _ o ther p re l iminary b usiness., , I"'I'sOn, p artnership, c Qll1pany o r c ot'rhe b usilless o f t he ,meeting, ,Judge _-'ll w e m eet1l1g l ast e ven lllg plal~s p oration a nd t o s ell, l'e-LsSUe o r o th- Cunningham explain~, 'was l imited , : w me , made. f or a c amp,ugn t o se~uI~ H wise d eal w ith s uch s hares,' s tock a s u ntil t here w ere s tockholders t he, g eneral suL,~c-!'ip t i on s t o. t he st.och. o t o r s e cur iti es. d d· t I d n ot b e' t he c 'ompany·, w ith t he. I dea o f l .'lal,, ':otlll'ng l ,erel'l, c ontained, h owever, o fficers a n l rec o rs c ou 'i " . . inl# i t a g erat c ommu11lty con, c eln. ,'., '#.'ll,oJ·), b e c onstrued a s c onferri ng a ny d eSignated a nd o ther m atters , cp.uld I, " c ommittee o f five w as a PPo ll1 t e d t o p ower" o th er t han t ho se g ranted t o n ot I'.bT urner s uggesteci t hat s ub s crip- ; M e t aken u p. d irect t he c ampaig'n. . T he p a l' v alue Cui'po t ations u ndcr t he g eneral laWS t ions b e r eceived a t o nce i n o rder t hat a f t he " lock h as b een p laced :1.t t'~l1 c f ,t il" s ta t e o f C onnecticut. d t1 #lo Ji ars i n o rder t h at i t Illa.y b e w l l, IFourth: T h a t t he a mount o f t!i.e t he i ncorpo rat ion m ight b e s tarte a i n t h E: r each o f e veryone , I n o rder, c apital s tock o f s aid c orporati6n h erc. o nce. H e s aid t hat t his w as n ecestbat a ll s tock hol der.s m ay b e u1, 0,n I lw a uthorized i s T wo , H undred a lvl s ary, a s t here w ere s evera l p rospect:; , a n e qua l f ooting a l t he f m.i t meelll1,-;, I .l!;ifty T housand D ollars, ($ 25{),OOO), d'i- in v iew. " 'hel' d irectors w i ll b e c hosen. e,,-c,h. Yide'c1 illt.o T wenty-Five T housan,l, J ames F . , D oran a sked i f i t w as t he i nitial s ubscriber t ,t\{es b ut 0, n e Elhar .e (::;;,DCO) s hares o f ' the p ar v alue o f i ntention t o ' r e ly e ntirely o n v olun- , o f s t.ock, T he n umb er o f s hares m ay T en D ollars ($10), e ach, w hich s tocl# t ary s ubscriptions . M r. T urner r e- ' h e i ncreased. a t t he p lea ,;u l'e ~f t ile "",hail b e a ll c ommon . s tacIe ' plied t hat t he c omm ittee o f t wentyyurchaser, a ftei' t h e rtr~t m?et1l1g, . I F ifth : T h a t t he a mount o f c ap- five h ad n a,med a s ub-commIttee o n , "Wh ile i t w ill b e t he a nn o r [ he COl i tal :'.itock w ith \ vhich t his c orporl)-- larger s ubscriptions a nd t hat i t h ap p ora t ion t o, s ecure a w a r e ssentIal ll1~ I H on s hall c ommence b usiness . _IS d iscussed v arious s uggestions f or t he 1 dl1 stry o r I t Will a lso 0 (./ T wenty-'Five T housand D ollal'6, ($20,- best m ethods -of g etting s maller s ub- \ . ' s criptions . " ' ; I t s o bject t o b ring 111 J hdustnal e n- 000), w l'j)l'iscs o f a ,p er manent n ature S ixt.h: T hat t he d uration o f ' saul F rank H . L ee' s uggested t hat I t oj"(l~r t h at t he c Ity m a y b enefit a ftel c orporation i s u nlImited, w ould h e a dv isat)le f or 'each p erson Ul(' w ar e nds. " S e,,,enth : S Ignatures o f I ncorpor- ]Jl'esent w ho d esired t o s ubscribed f or TllC c orpOration m u st ,begm bUS1- Ino rs. t he s tock t o t ake o nly o ne ' s hare. n e ss w ith $25,000 p ftid i n c?,P lt a l a nd A rnold T urner, J . E dgar P ike. Gel). T his , h c s aid, w oule! p lace e ver y, !l w as s tat"c1 a t l ast l 1lghts r neetll1g I F . S he"rrrcl .I e,mes F . D oran , F ranl , H ockh o Jder u pon a n e qual f ootmg a t , th:ll t here \".'0.#'; n o , ; JO,l i l t i'. 3 t t h IS i i V. H anson: N atha.n S piro, C harles A. t ho , f irst m eetil1g, w hen d irectors a mount w ould , b e m h and w hen t he i M allory, ' j ames E . C uff, J ohn M eCar- would btl e lected a nd o ther i mpol'tan t irJle t o c unnnenee bU~lne~y,S a l rlvG,:, i t;;,';', ( i. ),11. H.undle, F t'at;k H: . . ~,~e. , m atters d etermlned. T hen t hose , vh 1 t ioS 11 CCeS5:UY t o g o f orward W Ith i' \\ ' i]lia,rn H , C ab le, , ViI1iam p , G um an, t iesired t o s ubscrfbe f or l arge , t he organizat~on a s r aPidly. , 1R pos~,': I.JC'Jm F , W oodruff, P atrick H , C on- amounts o f t he s tock c ou ld d o s o, a n b le, aiO l t m a.y b e n ec cseary t o g rasp 111,) lIe\'. V im . C. 'G llhert, W . E , B ulkc- , committes c oul.d c arryon a n a ctlv q uic),ly t he o pportunlt.ie s t hat d e- ley, ~. S elleck, G, l i'red L yon. " A, t am' ass t or sub.~criptions, , Sur.d~r!and, C harles D ,Parl{s" T hos. A. A . H od8\1on lI1Qulred, _m r egarc 1\'81 op . C ommittee R epol·ts. i C. l '.Iillard, M. H . G riffing, A. R . ,Fll- to t he r equIrement t nat $ 20,000,mus W hen M r. 'Turner c alled t he g ath- ' l ow , S tepher. I l , T readwelL I ~ s ubSCrIbed b efore th~, COl~I~~:~~ e r;ng t o o rder t here w ere n early :Ha,-; B road P owel·s. I ~an ~e';in bd'~~f~::,s a:o~f! b e e lect I UO p ersons p resent . . M r. T urn .e r ! J udge C u nningham c alled a ttentio n ~~rb~?;I~e ~~at amo~nt w as s ubscribJ g s poke t ll'5t o f t he m eettn. t ';o wee,"s 1 t o t he f act t hat t he a rticles o f ill~ !#d . P . H . C onnolley s aid h e u nderago, a t w hleh a r esolutIOn a uthollz- ! c orporation w ere a s b rolld a s p ossible f tood t hat t he p rovision i n q uestion i ng' t he a ppomtment o f a C Omlnltt.ee i i n o rder t hat t he corpo~ation m ight l Ileant t hat t he c ompany c ould n ot d o , "" o f t wenty -tlve t o h ave. c hargee 0 : t~le ! d o m ost a nything t o p romote the ~ i n- I b usiness u ntil $25 ,000 w as s ubscribed, \. f o rmation 01 a C01'pOl a t 1011 LOI t ne t1 u strifl,1 w elfare o f t he t own. H e s aid L ut t he c orporatIOn c ould p roceed I n ' ,' b ette rment o f D anbury 's l,nct,~strlal t hat t he c omm Itte e h ad d i5c.ussed i n _I t he m e antime w ith i~~ orgamzatlO~~ , ~ondltlOn, w as a d.:;pted . ; \Ill. I Ulner , formall ~ the m atters o f o fficers a nd A read111p- Of. th~ ~ectlOn o f t he a l p - ! o ther det~~ls w hich w ould e ntel' ,i nto l t lcles o f mco~polatlon m q uestIOn b y ; aid t hat a c omn1lttee h ad b e en a p ainted a nd h ad m et s e veral tl~es 111 . t he o rganization, b ut t qat t hese w ere l ~l.Idge . C unnmgham c onfirmed t hIS \ t he p ast t wo w eeks" c onsldel'lng p lans ! m atters w hich c ould b e h a'lldled. o nly 'I~W: o~ t he ~att~~. t h t i n h is o plnfor f orming t he c orp?ratlOn" a nd h : b y t he s tockholders, a n d t hat, w ith t hel ,ion 'ther~r~~s ~";, q ue:tion ' about 0 0- 1 i ncorporation t he .commlttee h ad p rO-I l aining t h e $25,000. M r, L ee s a id t hat ' c alled o n J udge lVbl t ln J , Cunnl11i 1 h am t o m ake a l epolt l or t he c~mm I c eeded a s f ar a s I t pOSSIbly COUld. d oubtless t here w ere s ome p eople a t, Itee;. , . i '1'he r eport o f t he c ommIttee w as t he m eeting w ho m ight n ot f eel d ls- I ' I l he c omnuttee, J udg e C unn mgha.m , a ccepted. p osed t o s ubscribed - t t he t ime f or 1 1 r eported, h eld s everal m ee tmgs " a t! J udge C unningham t hen p resented a ll t he s hares t 'hey w ished a nd s ug- I w hrch t pe f or mation o f a c orporatIon i a f orm , f or t he r eception o f s ignatures g est.ed l eaving t his t o c ommittee I ' yas d iscussed, a nd f inally d~el~ed.on : o f s ubscribers tD s tock i n t he c or- I w ork, . 1 a c orporation w ith a c apItalizatIOn ' p Ol'ation a nd e xplained t he p rincipal "vL H . G riffing s aid t hat i t w as h Is o f $250,000 , W ith t he . par v alue o t t he , f eaures T hese w ere t he f ixing ot Opl11lOn t hat a c omm 1tt ee s hould b e s tocl, a t s uch a f igure t h a t I t w ouid ! t he c apital s tock, a t $250,000, s hare" l 1ppointed t o c anvass f or s ilbscrlp,: , b e w ithin t he r e a ch o~ p ractIcally a li I a t 25,000 o f a p ar v al u e o f t en d ol- tlOns s o t hat a t t he n ext . m ;et ll1 o , c itizens. T he c omrmttee v oted tQ ' lars e ach. ' The t erms o f p ayment ~he s tockholders m Ight h ave a f all' , Of i ncorporate, w ith m ember s Dt t hei r ecommended a re t en p er c ent. a t ' the l :lea H w ha1ththe y wOUtld tbethabolethetor ' tt f t · t Y'five a s i n co r- I .. t Oo. e s al( e w as n o a e c omml e e 0 w en # . t ime o f s ubscrIbll1g; f ifteen p er c en , m eeting b ut h w as p leased t o l earn p orators, a nd h ad f iled a c el t lftcate 01') S eptember 15, a nd t he r emainder t .hat somethin~ w a s b eing d one t o o f I l1col'pOratlOn Whl,ch h ad b een a v -I i n t hree i nstallments w ith a n otice o f g et D anbury ' out o f t he r ut i nto w hic p roved b y t he s ec:'et a ry o f s ta,te, T he t hirty d ays r equired b efore e aCh. i n- it a ppeared t o h ave g one. , ' .ext o f t hlS c erti ficate f ollo': s . s tallment i s t o b e p aId. H e e xplamed D ifferent s uggestions a s t o th C er;tificate o f I ncorpOl·atJon. t hat b y t his m ethod i t w ould b e n ine- llumber o f s hares t o h e s ubscribed I ,1£he c ertiflcate o f i ncorpor atio n, cE t y d ays a fter t he, firs.t t wentYTftve f or ""t t he m ee ting w ere . presented i t he D a nbury I ndustriaJ C orporat IOn p el' c ent, h ad b een p ald b efore t~e h ut I t ,,;,as t h e ge,n e ral o pmlOn t ha,t ]' ~ '~d" a s f ollows: e ntire s ubscription c ou ld b e p aid I n M r. L ee s s uggestIOn t hat f or t he ~ -'~Ve, t he s ubscribers, c ertify t h at f ull i n c ase t he e ntir e a mount S hould, ~ime b eing e ach p erson s ubSCribe f 6r W 6 d o h ereby a ss'ociate o urselves a s b e c alled f or. o ne s hare w a,s . t he be~t p lan. a b ody p olitic a nd c orporate .unde~ SUbSCl'iptiOll ~ledge. '. S ubscribe t o S hares. , I t.hE' s tat ute law s o f t he stat~ ,Of . Con T he s ubscriptiDn p ledge o ffered b y A t t his t ime a n o pportumty t o I , nectleut; a nd w e f urther c eltlfy. J udge C unningham ' f ollows: ' s ubscribe f or s hares i n t he c orpora; L" ir ~t: T hat t he .name o f th~ c~: Whereas, t he c ertificat e o f i ncorpor- tion w a" g iven a nd e ighty-four p er- • p ,ol'allon : IS t he D an bury I ndustll,ll a lion o f , the D anbury I ndustrial c or- :;ons s Igned t he, subscrlPtlO~ ~apers. 1 C orporatIOn. , . ' oration o n t ile i n U le olj'lCe o f t he ' rhese m lual s UDscrIbers w ele. I I C .::l. M CLean, C. , H. ',l'aylor, C har!es" j " S econd : I T hat s aid c orporatIOn , ',S t ow n cl~rk o f H ie t own o f D anbury, t o b(', lo cate d I II t he t own o t D anbUl y, i n t he s tate o f C onnecticut, i n w h i ch H . W idmer, E , T hacher H oyt, J . W . j #J1"thc , state at f C onn ect:cut. o ' . t o 'w n s a id c orporation i s t o b e l,?,c.a.t- Green, F rank W . H anson, R eUben 'R f J h lrd: 'bT ht t he nt adtUle °d tthhe b~~ - ed. s ets f orth t bat s aid c orporation P earce, J ohn F . W oodruff, _ 'IV. E'I~' ! nesr: t o e r ansac e , an , e p - is t o b e o rganized u hder t he s tatute D ulkcl ey, E . R oland C roJut, J ames . I p oses t o 'b e p romoted o r c arrIed out~ l aws o f t he s tate o f C on nectlcut , and S herman, v ViIliam J. , S canlon, . b y s aid c orporation, a re a s f ollow/;. 1ms a n a uthorized c apital s tock# o t E rnest W . B ailey, C : , A . ' Sel' T o I ?romMe a nd e neom'ag e al.1 m a t- :$250;000 d ivided I nto twenty~five f ert. F . A . H ine, C. H . M erritt, t el'S pertal1l111g t o t he m dustnal a c- , t housand s hares, e ach o f t he. p ar :v.al- [sa.a c W engrow, L eopold L evy, F . D. i' 1 i vity o f t he T own o f D a n bury a nd, u e o f t en d ollars, a ll o f w hich s tock ' Dalton" J ohn S. H osterman. L eonard i n f urtherance t hereof. i s c omnlOn s tock, ' E .. S mith, A rnold T urner, C harles D . f a) T o p urchase, m anufa cture a nd N ow t herefore, s ubject t o t he PJ;O- Parks, ; Ja.mes E . G allagher, W . I f. s e ll g oods, w ares, m erchandI se, m a- \'isions o f t he s tatute l aw s o f t he H iUH S hepard E ros., In(!., ; George t ('ri a,ls, s tipplieit, i mplements, u ten- strrtl? o f , C onnecticut. a nrl, u nde1,. tl1e M cLa'chlan, C. A . , Mallory, S. A . O \f"il, , ils b y-products,. e ffects a nd )commo- t"rms a nd c onditIons s et f orth i n ' BaJd ' Robe.rt.,. A . L ake W iIlard....B.~th. "'''''....._ _ ! ;tips o i--e"ery , lnnd a nd n atur, w hat- (·ertifice.te o f i ncorporation, eac~- .T0lln Co' Fos.t'~r ,:P~ e . H . C onn"., ] )#. ' p.·' ar. ......... ., \, . 8 cribed h ereto a gree.. t o t a.l#p tr'" C . .GI111.." r.:."H#' , ~'.....,.!,U, -"~ " 0 constru-e-y e rect a n. , I naln- numoer o f s hare:3 o f ~ fti d P "'0 ...1 . , , "ert',"f,'c ate of Incorporation ' Approved and Many S b " scribe to the Stock. - r' i I I: I I I ll1dust.rlCs~ -I II: I I I 1 tI I I ! I I I E2!!!!!: �D ANBURY EVENING NEWS" T UESD AY, A U GUST 20. 1915. . s a.id, " Mr. L ee's s uggestion f or e ,l.cn a nything w e w ant f or D anbury." \ t ee o f t wenty-five h ad p erformed i ts ' o ne h ere t o s ubscribe. f or o ne s h",re M r. H odshon s aid t hat i t w as n ot w ork b ut t hat t here w ere o ther t hings ' i s a g ood o ne. B ut w e c an a ll g o n ec e ssary t o g o o ut w ith a d efinite t o lJp d one, s uch a s t il e f raming o f f u. o ut t o - morrow t o · c anvass f or s ub- st,Hme.nt t o g et D anbury p eople tO I C ()llsltitution a nd b y ·- Iaws. I t wa~ s criptions . G o t o t he h omeG al1;d s ubscrIbe, a nd t hat t he m eetings v oted t hat t he c ommittee b e c on.t' I aciOries a nd t h e re w ill b e n o t roub, e w hich h ave b een h eld w ere e nough t o t inued. . ~' I II o btaining s ig·natures u ntil t he J et p ublic-spirit ed c itizens k now t here O n m otion o f D . E . L oewe, t he t neet . • ~; U nger, F. A . D usenberry,!\[ . C. a mount i s o ver- s ubscr ibed. w as s omething b acl{ o f t he m ov e - in g a djourned t o e nable t he c a rn i ' B e ers, G eorge . A.rnett , S a muel S ton e, " For t he l ast w eek o r s o t hings m ent. p aig n c ommittee t o m ee t a nd d o s om. L. O. T errill, W . F . D Qbb s . E . S tone, A . N . W il dman, W . .1:'. h ave b een l ooldng b e tter i n D an b ury,-' M r. T urner s tate d t hat t he c ommit- work t owards s tarting i ts c ampaig' . rvlr. C onilell c ontinued. " People h ave t G uinan , M artin J . C unningham , W ilb ecome t ir ed o f , h earing D a nbury . e'.•_~_~ _~~~!"""----~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~",,, .~: I liam H . C able, N athan S piro, G. F . I cnoci,ed a .nd w e a re b e lllg p ra ised. I ;: • ' L yon, . N . S elleCk, T homas L . C u,T he m en o f a c ity m ake i t a nd w e I · ~ hane, M . B . M acKinney , W, A . D eah a 1''' g ot m en h er!,) Lig e nough to . I k i n, S ol M ayer, S a muel . H. F ein s on l m ake t his a c ity o f w hich t o b e p roud. W . F . T omlinson, J ohn G erstenmaier , l\Tc w ant e veryone t o s tay i n D a.nbur y A l f red A . ' Hodshon, J . E elgar P i ke , J . Cind t o d o t his w e Vo' ant w ork 111 D anS . F ishe r, E dmund B . W atson, J ohn bury a nd t o b ring m o r e l nd·u str ies t o i C : D oran, M . E mmet R yan, J ames ~ .. ' D anbury . D ora n , D lfltrich E . L oewe, T . C l ark " O ut o f c udosity w e e stablished a n H ull, G eorge R e i nh a rdt, E . C . M oy er , L mp l oy ment b ranch i n o ur o ffice t o i J ohn M cCar:thy , W allace G . O l mstead , fin d o ut h ow m uch & urplus l abor t here I w as i n D anbury a. nd w e c an t ell p retA. P apish, G . V an d e P l a ncke, J osep n ty a ccurately. 'rher e w ere h alf a H . C o n nell . v Villiam H . S e e ley . J ea n d ozen m e n i n t o-day a sking i f w e h a(\ H orn ig, A l bert F rohman, C harles G. F oster , R . F . F oster, L . L . H ubbell, , w ork 'for t hem h ere a s t hey w i shed t o c ome b ac k t o D anbury. " ~ .j S peaking o n t he c ampaign f or Sll~ ".cri))tions:.1r. G onneu. g ave .i t a s h1 3 o pinion t hat i f t he m atter w as p r eM . P . , "Ih1tton, A lph e us A . B aker, s pnted r ightly t o . e veryone t her e C orneliu s J . B m'r , F rank R . L ee. , ,"ould 'be n o t rouble · in g etting' e very C ampailPl f Ol' S ubsCl·ibcl's. m an t o s ign f or a t l ea st o ne s hare, ; [ h e t hought a nything a t a ll of .hl ::; ·Mr. T urner s aid t hat t h e n u mber h om e. " It i s a q uestion o f b oomm g' w ho h all s igned w as t he l argest , t o D a n\}ul#Y a nd w e c an't d o i t t oo q uicI,h is knowleClg-e. a t a n l llltial m eet ing ly," h e s aid . .. o f a ny c orporation i n D a.nbury. l.· he T o D evel op S pU'lt. n ext bu~iness ·, h e s a id , w as t o l ay . . Jchn S . ' F isher s aid t hat h e w as j Jlans f or s oliciting s ubscriptions. " 'Iad t o s ee t h e m o vemen t s tarted a nd A . A . H odshon m oved t h a t a c oin- ~hat. t h e p owers o f t he c orporation 1:1itt ee b e n amed t o s tart a d rive, d th t E lmilar t o ' t he H ed C ross d l'ives, t o wm'C v el'y g reat b ut h e b e lieve a o btain sub scri ptions a nd t hat t he r os- I'.) i nte rest p eo ple t here o ught t o b e t e l'S o f , Voters o f t he c ity a nd t own " omcthing m ore d efinit e a nnounced #15 " b e u s ed s o t hat e verYOlie h a ve a t o w ha t i t w as i nten(ie d t o d o t hrough I c ha n ce t o s ubscribe. t h e c o rporation. I f i t w as t o e qulp a . ' V ill ard R . 8 mith s uggested t hat i n- f acr ory o r b uild o ne a nd .how s o on s tead o f u s ing t h e v oting l ists t he e Oilld o ne b e u s e d . . . c anvass ,be m ade b y d is tricts . M r. A nswering t he se qUestlOn~/\t~~ ~~:. : .. T urner s aid t ha t i n t h e C hamber o f . ne~ . ~a1 d t hat t ?e p~.rpose d eve lo t he 'Commerce r ooms t here w as q uite a 1:')! #1tlOn . w as ? 1 .lln!1: 111y t o r r p a nd c omp l ete c a r d i ndex a nd o th e r , m a- (;OmmuIllty S Plllt I II D anbu l l erial w ith w hich a c ommittee c ould " ,econdly f or l llv es.tm e nt. · J u st w h o. t " 'o r k J E dgar P ike s aid t he m e thod i OI'm t he C Ol'poratlOn w ould t ak e 1,8 .' . . . of c onducting t he callva~s w as s i m ply . C~hl Id ·no t s ay, a s t.'l1~ r e w ere 1p ropo/3lr es, o ne o f c hoice. J am es .F. D oran s ug - I t lOm: b elllg l llvestigated a t t.1e P , g es t ed t hat t he c ommitt ee b e a ppoint- ! f 'nt t im e , b ut t h a t If n othmg m atered a nd t h at i t b e l ett w ith t hem t o! w .!lzed f rom t he s e p r o spects t hen ~elect t he b est m ehod i n t heir o pinion. ; l )#lnbury w ill g o i nto s omething l or J ohn F . W oodruff a sked w hy n ot i t SE lf. H e " a id t hat t he w ork h a d h ,we a ll t hose w ho s iuned a ct a s g ot t o b e c onfined t o a w ar e ssentw 1, t he c ommittee . .Mr . T ur~er s aid t his o therwise i t c ould n ot g e t t he l ahor w ou ld b e v ery f ine b ut t hat t he d eta il ' a nd e quipment, b ut t hat i t w ould' b e v :ork I) Quid b e b ett e r h a ndl ed b y a t he fl im t o ,goet s omet h ing w bich wOllle1 , ·mall er c ommitt ee . M r. R odshon e x- bo f.·ood a ft ]:;,. t h e w ar . " We w ant p ressed t he o pinion t hat m en exJ1e! t o b u ild f or t he f uture," h e s aid, "I':,n,] )'ie nced i n o ther d rives b e n amed. -I';l'. i w e w a.nt t o d o s ometh i ng t o h el p ' '1.11 C lark H u ll n ominated J ames F . D o-: t he w ar. Vic c an't m ake a d efini·te r n.n a s c hairman o f t h e c ommittee : p roposition u ntil w e k now w h at ~' e wit.h p ower t o I Hune 111.'''" ~l ·S:-:' ) Cl v l . j h ave. t o d o w ith." MI'. D oran s aid t hat w hile h e w as F rank H . L ee s aid t hat h e b elieved w .illing t o d o w hat h e c ould h e p re - it t o h ave b ee n t he o l'iginal i de a o f t erred t ha t a G.,o m m ittee b e n am ed t hose i nterested i n t he m ovement t o I s how t h at D anbury p eop le b elieved i n j f ind le t t hem q rganize. Geo~ge F . S bepard's m otion t hat a I t 11emselv es a n d t o s how t o p eople o utI comI~llttee o f f ive b e n amed b y t he I s ide t he c ity t hat D anbury b elieved : ~ h a ll t o t ake c h a rge o f t he c ampaign. I i n a nd h ad c onfidence i n i tself. #In t hat t he c omnllttee h av e POWel \ ']"h e m ovement h ad a lready h a d gaOL] .d t o a ?cl t o I ts n umb e rs w as c a rned . e ffect, M r. L ee s a id , f or t hat d a y MI . . T ur n er a ppomted a s m embers t hr ee p eople h ad c ome t o D anbury I o f t hIS c ommitt ee J ame s F . D oran . . . ' . .' , lame,' E . C uff. ' \T. P . n uin:-m. I .l:.J~' 111 r egard t o l lldustnal pr~po~ l tlOns ga.1' P ik e a nd J os e ph H . C onnell. I ~nd o n e o f t h e m, a m .an l ePlesent- ! . " A g reat elea l o f e if ective ' w ork ('a!1 m g' a s uccessful manufa~tun:'lg COl~- i b e ( \one b y t hose w ho h a v e ~Ll bs c ribed c el n , h ad d eCided t o I e mam h el e t o-night," s aid IvIr. T Llrn er, " not o nly oY er n ight i n o rder t o a ttend t he . h y i ncr ea sing t h e ir n umb e r o f share~ m eeting a nd a scertain t h e l ocal s pirit. i / r ate r, b ut b y g iving' p llhlicity t o t h o T his c oncern, w hich i s r ated a t $200,-! m ovement. O thers w ill b e i nfluenced 000 a nd h as t wo f actori es i n o pen:. - : b~'- the i nitial . s ubs c ription. ' rl1' s t ion, w as c onsider i ng a c h a nge o f 10 .. : t hing c annot d rag n l ong a s t here a re c ation a nd l ooking f or 0 PPoi·tu ni ti es o ppo,'tx'lities h ere n ow t h at m ay n ot f or e xpansion, M r. L ee s aid, a nd h e b e h ere t wo" w eeks f rom n ow a nd w e i ntimated t hat i t w as D ne o f t he c onh a ve g ot t o g e t g oing q uickly. c erns u nder c onsider a tion i n c onnec . ·Time · f o r A ctio n. t ion w ith t h e l oca l m ovement . I n a s peech f ull o foptim i sl11 a .nd " We c an't ~ I ways p ut o ur . finger o n w hich s howed t h at h e h ad b een i nve s - a c ertam t hmg 111 o ur b usllless, a l- . t igating c onditions j n D anbury t h oug h w e f eel c ertain i t i s t her e ," 'I w~ls i n · tou c h w ith t he' i ndustrial a nd s aid M r. L ee . . " And i t i s t he s a me i n : abor s itua.tion . J oseph H . - Connell t hiS p roposltlOn. I f w e s how t he ' c.:a ll E:d f or imn~ecl i ate a ction . p roper s pirit, a nd e veryo n e s ubscr ib es 1 " Now ' i s t h e i:Ime f or a ction ," h e t here i s n o . reas#;JI1 w hy w e c a n 't g et I _________ I I I I I , L I I I I I I anil l \. \ �r----~~. , __ -. .-. . . -. . _.____ \ EWCTlON OF DIRECTORS. f y ' flt - .. i fi t Meeting of Industrial , Corporation Wednesday. · Th e f irst m eeti ng 9 ! t he s toc kholde,.rs o f t he D anbury In~ustrlal cor~ p oration w ill h e h e ld III t he C l t~ H all ViT odnesdll.Y e venmg a t e lgh c "cl oc k , f or t o e p u rpose o f Orll"alllzl~ g t he c orpo r a ti o n . T he b u smess ' " I II i nclude t he a doption o f b y- l aws a nd t he e lection o f d irectors. . A n o tfce s ent o ut t o t he s ubscribers t o t he s t ock o f t he c o mp any t o-day i s e nc losed i n 3:D. t ;nvel?pe bear~~~ ;thE' r ed-in k i n SC ri ption, O pen t l k ft&P a nd l et m e o ut! I w al'lt t o a t o y ou &b ou t D anbury ." T hi s n otice r emmds t he s ubscr ib ers 't hat i t i s e ssen tial t hat t hey s hould p ay t he f irst i n stallm e nt o f t hefr s ubi crlpt ioll u pon o n e s hare o f s t ock . beIfore t h e m eeting W ednesday evellln~. T h e a m ount t o b e p a id u pon e ac 1 8h~re i s o ne d olla r . T he m oney w ill be r eceived a nd a r eceipt i ssu ed a t a llY o f t he l o ca l b anks .. . A m ajority o f t he s tock hold ers m us t h e p res,;,nt o r r epresented b y p roxy a t ·the m eeti ng . ==-=-=-.:::::--:-::=.: 1 ON BOARD 15 , OF DIRECTORS I' . Committee Approves Pr opos ed, by-Laws of Industrial , ' , ! I I ' ; Corpo ration. ._ ___ . I t W\ts d ecicled a t t he m eeting l ast e vening o f t h e c ommittee o f t wenty_ l'ive h aving i n h and t he o rgaltization I 01 t h e D anbury I ndu str ial c orpora - I t ion, .t hat a b oard o f j jfteen d irectors s hould m anage t he a ffairs o f t he c orporation. 1 t w as f elt t h at a b oard o f t his Si;1:e, whiJ,.e n ot s ufficie ntly . l argc t o b e u nwieldy, w ould g ive o p_ 1 p ortunity to h ave a W ide r epre.enta _ t ion o f t he p eop le o f t he c ity i n i he d ,i r ectorate, a nd t hus c arry o ut t ns i dea o f t he p ro rnoters t hat t he c ompany s h ould b e i n e very w ay a p opular c omrnunity e n ·t erprise . i . T he c ommittee r emai ned i n s ess i on u ntil a l rnost m id n ight, g oing' o ver t he d raft o f t he bY - laws s e cti on b y ~ection a nd c onsidering' v arious p oints t hat d emanded a ttention . T he p roI p osed bY -l aws w ere p repared b y A tt ome y v Viiliam H . C ab le o f t he l e~al . C ommitt ee o f t h e conuni~tee o f t ",;,, ty-five a nd a .pproved b y J udge M al'- ' t in J . C unningharn, a l50 o f t hat c om mitte e, a nd a t t he c onclusion o f t he ::;ession a v ote o f a ppreCiation c f t he s ervices p erformed l I'uil . ;xtended. I T hc o fficeJ·s . o f t he C Orpora t ion a re , to b e a p r CS ldent, f irst a nd s eco nd 11 " ice - p r eS iclents . . ~ecretary ' a nd t1'8 a,. . I~re r, , nth prOVISIOn f or t he a pPolllt111Hnt o f aSSi s tants a nd a n e xeeutl".re : c o mmitt ee , i f s uc h a c ommittee i s I f Ound t o b e a dvisab le. , O ne o f t he m ost i mp ortan t s te ps i n , Conn.eetion w ith t he o rganization o f t he C orporatlOn Wi ll b e t aken n ext , Vednesday e vening, w hen, a t a m eetI i ng o f t he s to c kholders, a b oa.l·d o f d ir ectors w i II b e c ho se n . .I A t t Ile m ee ting l ast ~10nda y e vening, w hen t h e f irst s ub sc ri ptio n s t o t he s tock w ere t aken, i t w as d ecided t h at n o p arson s hOUld t ake m ore t han o ne · Rh&r'l o f s t oc k p rior t o t h e m eet in g f or t he e le c tion o f d ireotors. T his ' YAR d on e i n o~der t hat e very s tock ho!del' m a.y h ave a n e qual v oice I n t h e c hOice o f t he t irst b oard o f d ire ctO r s. Tm m e diately a fter t he m eetirlg I n ext , V e dnesclay a c ampaign t.o s e - ' c ure s ubS Criptions, l arge, a n d s ma Jl ' j t o t he s toc k w lll b e i naugurated. T he SUcc ess o f t he e nterpl;se d epe nd i n a l arge m easure U pon t he m en o hos en f it t ile m eeting n ext W edn e sday a s d irectors o f t he c orpol'a lion , a .nd f or t hat r""1. 80 n t he m eet ! l Ug w ill b e o f t h e g roo.te st i mportance a nd i t Is e xpected t h at e very p erson I w ho b ecomes a n i nitial s ubscriber t o /' t he s tack w lll b e p resent. . I t w ill b e n ooess~ry fOl' e ve r y p er - j s on d eslnng t o V ote a t t he m eeting ' ViTedn esday t o p ay i n t he f ir s t t en p el' c ent. o f t he a mount o f h is s uh Scription o f s tock b ef o r e t he m ee tin g . A s e aoh s tockho ld er w ill h a\'e b ut o ne s hare o f s to ck a t t.he t ime o f 1 l he m eeting, t h e i nitial p a yment w ill b e o ne d ollar. T he f Ollr b anks h ave b een d eSi gnated' t o r ec e iv e p ayments a nd a ut.horized t o g ive r ec eipts. A ny, o ne w ill b e w ekome t o b ecome a s ub';c rib e1' a n d c an d o s o b y c alli ng' a t o ne o f t he b ank5 a nd m aking t he p ay m e nt o f o ne d o ll ar. i ~' HERE. \ #A4 ~1 - 1j - --Nefv Industrial Movement to ·Benefit Everybody. T hat t he f o r mation o f t h e D anbury I nclustrial I n c orpo ra tIOn , a s a c o rn munit;,- enterprise, t o p romote n ew i ndustries i n thi~~ c ity, 1.S a t· ' (I'acting w ide a ttention, i s 1l1d l cated , b y t h e f act t hat n umerous i nquiries a re b ei ng r eceived f l'om . outSide c on- l c erns i n r egard t o l ocal p r?spects a nd P Qssibllities. R epresentative s .of a n ! o utside i ndustry c.:~l1n e h ere y e st erday t o t alk o ver ' m att ers w ith m embers o f t h e c o mmi ttee 1representmg t he 11'.-/1 \ iustria l m ovem e nt a nd m anY ·l nqullies h ave b een r ece ived b y n lal1.. . D efinite a ction u pon P~OposltlOns n ow u nder c ons id era t IOn Will b e p os- , s i bl e a fte'r t he m eeting' i n t he C ity 1 H a ll t o-morrow e vening, w hen t he I c orporatitn w ill e lect d irectors a nd I 'a dop t b y -l aws, t hus c omp l etmg' t he l f ormalit ies o f o rga!llZatLOn . A m eeting o f t he c ommittee o f t wenty-five w as t o n ave ' bee n h eld t h is e venlllg, . b ut h as b een d eferred u ntil to~morrow ' e ven in g a t 7 : 30, j us t b efore t he, g enral m e et ing o f s tockhQlders. Ine o f t he m ost i mportant · r esults o r'the e nte rp rise i s e xpected t o b e t~e \ \ I #eeping o f h elp i n D an bu ro; b y p IO- \ v idi n g' e mplo yment i n "':'a r m dustnes h ere. I n a ddition t o t h iS, t h e e~t"l.b l ishment o f l oca l i ndustries glv I~ g e m pl oyment t o m ore h elp. Will aiel i n bri n ~ing h ack t o t hiS c ity m any w ho a l': t emporarily e m ployed e lsewhere. T his w ill n a"turally b e o f b enefit t o e very l in e o f b usine ss, m er- \ c a ntil e o r o ther , i n t h e c ity. ., . M an y o f t hose w ho h av e s ubscrlbeo ~ f or a n i nitia l s hare o f t he c orpora tio n 's s tock h ave a lreadv m acl e t h eir f irst p ayment o. o ne d o ll ar. w hich i s f n ecessary I n .ord er t o b e a b le t o p articipate i n t o-
morrow n ight 's m e et mg a n d e lection. ' Ii" I l I I I I I I ' i I I I I i I I I I Will i 1 ~ �F #)"CRTH D~~BUR~_!.!~~HNG NEWS I PLAC~ ' FOR KNOCKERS. I J D ANBURY, C miN ., A UG. 24, 1918. JJewttlwn # .Bee ~ M~m . Would :' Lock 'Em in Old Turner House. Th~ fo.ll~w.lng ~;§1 t~·o~ t~~ N~wt o w~J Ii B ee' D a,nbury i s, g'oin,g t o t ake a b oom, i f I r lownrig"ht' h#i,r.d ' ~vork:" o n t )l" l )art o f t he s ubstantial J5usines.s m en c an a ccompl!!!h i t. T he t own i s s aid t o p ossess a , n ice l ittle b unch o f k nockers , b ut a ,group o f iqourdgeous a 'n d p lucky m anufacturers h ave p ut t heir s houlders t o t he w heel. T hese m en h ave o rgahized t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation , ' While i t w in. b e ' t he a im o f t he c orporation ' se,c ure a w ar e ssentiar' i ndustry o r i ndustries, i t w ill a lso b e i ts' o bject t o b ring i n I i ndustrial e nterprises o f a p ermanent n ature i n ( }rder" t hat D anbury m ay b enefH a ft e l; tJ:!e ;W!),r e nds. T he c orporation m ust '; b egin b Usiness: w ith ' $25,000 p aid i n c apital a nd i t h as b een s tated t hat t here w as n 9 d oubt t hat t his a mount w ould b e o n h and w hen ' the t ime t o c ommence , business ' a rrives. F rank H. L ee, o ne o f t lie l€iadin~ h at m anufacturers o f t he t own, s ays t hat h e bellev~s i t t o h ave b een t he o riginal i dea o f t hose i nterested i n t he m ovement t o s how t o p eople o utside - the c ity t hat D an,bury b elieved i Ii a nd h ad c onfidence i n i tself. T he i noy'e ment h as a lready h ad g ood e ffect, M r. L ee s ays, f or t hat d ay t hree p eople h ad c ome t o . Danbury i n r egard t o i ndustrial p ropOsitions, a nd o ne o f t hem, a m an r epresenting a s uccessful m anufacturing c oncern, h ad d ecided t o r emain i n t he c ity o ver n ight i n o rder t o a ttend t he m eeting a nd a scertain t he l ocal s pIrit. T his c oncern, w hich i s r ated a t $200,000, a nd h as t wo f actories i n o pet'ation, w as c onsidering a c hange o f l ocation a nd l ooking f or O pportunities f or e xpansion, M r. L ee sa.id, a nd h e i ntimated t hat i t w as o ne o f ~he c oncerns u nder c onsideration I n c onnooti6n w iith t he l ocal m ovement. " We c an't a lways p ut o ur F , f inger o n a c ertain t hing I n o ur h usi- I n ess, a lthouih w e f eel c ertain i t i s! t here," s aid M r. L ee. " And i t I s t hel s ame i n t his . p re'poaitIon. J f w e s how l t he p roper s pirit, a nd e veryone s ub- ' s cribes, t her e i s n o r eaoon w hy w e c an't g et a nytning w e w ant f or D an bury." G o t o i t, D anbury, w e w ant 'to. s ae - you g row, a nd g lory i n y our s punk! . . W nat s hall w e d o w ith t he k nockers? , ome o n e s tarted t he s illy r e-I S , ,p ort i n D anbury t hat , A rthur E . T weedy, p resident o f t he D anbury C hamber; Qf C ommerce, w as o pposed t o n ew i ndustry i n h is t own. "It m ade B rother ' tweedy q uite m ad a nd h e w rote a l etter t o h Is h ome p a.per, t he f N ews, w hich w as w ell w orth r eading. M r. T weedy s ays: " At t he t ime W arj n er p roposed c oming t o D anbury ! w rote t hem e xpressing g ratitude a t t heir c oming, o fferIng m y a SSistance a nd w ishing t hem s ucces.s," I n c losing h is i nteresting l etter. M r. T weedy s ays: " The t rouble w ith D anQUl'y , i s t hat i t h as t oo m any k nockers a nd/ t hey a re n ot t hrough y et." W hY I , wduI.d_ i t b e a g ood i dea t o g ather/' ll't a ll t he' D anbury k nockers t ogethe.r; , a nd c onfine t hem i n t he o ld T urner I h ouse o n M ain s treet. T hen w hen I t hey gOt t o f ighting a mong t hem- ' s elves, p erhaps t hey w ould t ear t he 'old a rk d own! I ',. " Man : Would Newtown , Look 'Em in Old, Turnsl: House. I /I ,to "\ Be~' T I)e f oIIowing i s ,, from ' the N ewtowlJ B ee' , ' D anbury i s gOing- to t ake ' L boolTI, ' if d ownright h ard v iork o n t he p art of. t he s ubstantial b usine,s s m en c an a ccomplish i t. TJJe tOWJ1 ,.is s aid t o p os' sess a::? nice li ~~le b uncli o f k nocKe.r.s, b ut a g i,oup of'; ~ourtigeo\.!s a nd p lticky m anufacturers h ave ] lut t heir s houl" f del'S ·to t he w heel. T h es e m en h ave L.Org'ahiz,e d t he : QanbUl'y I ndustrial , c orporation. , W hile i t w ill b e t he a im o f t l\e :co ~poratlon ! t~ ; ; ecure .; a v,vB;r e ssential i ndustry-- or · ' lnd'usb#les-, 1t w ill a lso b e i ts o bject t o b ring i n i ndustrial e !'1terprises o f a p erma!lent n ature i n o rder t hat D anbury m ay b enefit af~E)I' q le , 'Y.'a r e nds . . T he c orpor~t\(jn, m ust ,: 'b~gin , ' b~si)~ss, ;wrt':q $20;'000'- ' ,p aid " Iii c apital , a nd i t , ·has b een s tated t hat t here w as n o d oubt t hat t his a mount w ould b e o n h and l w hen t he t ime t o ,commence b usiness a rr iv es. F rank H . L ee, o ne o f t he l ead'in!:' h at m anufacturers o f t he t own, s ays t hat ' Jie ' belleves I t t o h ave b een t he o riginal i dea o f t hose i nterested I n t he ' m ovemen t t o s how t o p eople o utside t he c ity t hat D an;bury b elieved i n a nd h ad c onfidence i n itB#lIf. ' The l nov-ement 'has a lready h ad g ood et'l'ect, M r. L ee s ays, f or t hat d ay t hree p eopl e h ad c ome t o D anbury i n r egard t o i ndustria l p ropositions, a nd ' o ne, o f t hem, a m an r epresenting a s uccessful m anufacturing c oncer n , h ad d ecided t o r emain i n t pe c ity o ver , ,night I n o rder t o a ttend ' t he m eefin'g a nd a sce1:tai'n ethe l o cal s pirit. T his c oncern, w hich i s r ated a t $200,000, a nd h as t wo f actories i n o peration, w as c onsidering a ~hange o f l oc ation a nd l ooking f or o pportunities f or e xpansion, M r. L ee s aid, ,and h e i ntimated I t hat i t w as o ne o f t he c oncerns u nder c onsideration In connec.1:ion 'w iith t he l ocal m ovement. " We c an't a lways p ut o ur f inger o n a c ertain t hing i n o ur b usiness, a lthough w e f eel c ertain i t i s t here," s aid M r. L ee. " And i t I s t he s ame III t his p roposition. I f w e s how t he p roper s pirit, a nd e veryone s1fbscribes, t here i s n o r eason w hy w e c an't g et a nything w e w ant f or D anbury." G o t o i t, D anbury, w e w ant t o s ee y ou g row, a nd g lory i n y our 8!}unkI W hat s hall w e d o w ith t he k nock ers? S ome o ne s tarted t he s illy r eport i n D anbury t hat A rthur E . , T weedy. p resident o f t he D anbury C hamber o f C ommerce , w as o pposed i t o n ew i n#}ustry i n h is t own , I t m ade B rother T weedy q uite m ad ' and h e w rote a l etter t o h is h ome p aper, t he ~ew8, w hich w as w ell w orth . reading. M r. T weedy s ays: " At t he t ime W arn er p roposed c orning t o D anbury I w rote t hem e xpressing g ratitude a t t heir c oming, o t'l'ering m y a ssistance a nd w ishing t hem s uccess." ' I n c losing h is i nteresting l etter, M r . T w e edy s ays: " The t rouble w ith D anbury i s t hat i t h as t oo m any k,nockers a nd t hey a re n ot t hrough y et." W hy w ouldn't i t.. b e a g ood I dea t ogatl\er a ll t he D anbury k nockers t ogether, a nd c onfine t hem i n t he o ld T urner h ouse o n M ain - street. ~~hen ' w hen t hey g ot t o f ighting a mong t hemselves, p erhaps t hey w ould - tear t he 'old a rk d own! I I 1 ., L �D ANBURY .~VENING BECOM'E APART OWNER IN IH~ EBUILDINGS-BUY 6. 1 919. IN THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION· DANBURY INDUS r "fAt BUILDINGS. T wo b uildings, t he f irst o f a g roup, i n p rocess o f c onstruction f or t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation, t o b e o ccupied b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood Co. T hese b uildings, o f w hich S underland & ~'1:ttson a re t he a rchi. t eets, a re l ocated o n L emac a venue . B oth t#uildings a re o f f ire- pro?,! c onstruction. One i s 6 Ox16 0 ft., t wo s torie s \ r e-inforced c oncrete t he o ther i s 9 Ox2 2 0, b rick a nd c oncrete. ~-#' . This space contri rd by the Mallory Hat Co. toward the Danbury Industrial Corporati on f t_ M 1rfPliR:aJA .,f r ive , to raise $150,000 to build factories like those shown above . I' �/ b IXTR THE DANBURY . NEWS. DA~BU.HY, NOW IS TIME C ONN., A UG. 28, 191 . TO GET BUSY' Common Council Committee Approves Industrial Corporation Idea. ,. I nterest i n t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation i s b eing d isplayed : n ~o m any w ays t ilat t here s eems l ittle d oubt t hat w h e n t he c qming- c ampaign f or t he C ij)mpany's s tocl, i s i naugurated t here w ill b e #I. p rompt r..ncl g -eneral r esponse o n t he p art o f t he p eople u f t he c ity, l.Joth f rom a p atriotic v iewpoint a nd a s a m eans I u[ m aking , ,'hat i s h uped t o d evelop m to a f irst c lass i n\' estment. T he f irst m eeting o f t he i nitial s tock holders o f t he c ompany w ill .be I .eid i n t he C ity H all t h is e vening a t e ight o 'clock . N o p erson p articipating i n t his m eeting - wilt o wn m ore t han o ne s hare o f s to #;1# , t hus p lacingeveryo ne ' o n a n e q u a l b asis i n 1'eHpect t o v oice i n t h e t ransaction o f b usiness. T hose w ho h ave s ubscribed t o t he ~toC I{ , a nd t he n umber o f s igners a t t h e p resent t im e i s m ore t han 100, w ill h ave o pportunity t o m ake t heir i nitial p ayment t his e vening-, i f t hey h a v e n ot a lready d one s o. E I"ct;on o f d irectol'S a n d a doption o f h y -Iaws w ill b e i mportant m atter" o f b t.winess t o "be t ransa c ted t o-nigilt. 1'11" c ilo i ce o f d irec t ors i s a m atter eJf g reatest i mp orta nce t o t he s uccess o f t he e nterprise, a nd i t i s 1 10ped t o h#l.l ·e s ome o f t he a b l est a nd. m ost s uccess ful m en i n t he c ity u pon t he b oal 'd. '1' l1e i ndustr ia l c ommitt e o f t he c ommon c o unci.!, a PPo i nted a Sh Ol';; t ime a go f or t h e p urpose o f m aking t ,n e ffor-t t o s ecure n ew indu str i e~ 001' thi~' c ity. i ssued a s igned s tate m e nT , to - day, e ndorsin g t he I ndu stria l c or pO l'atio n m ovement a nd ' u eclarin ' that t he c ommitte e is s atis fi ed t ha i f a nyt hing i s t o b e a cco mpli shec i t m ust b e d one n ow a nd t hat thll'# i s t he m anner i n w hich i t w ill h av . 10 b e d one . f T he f ollowing i s t he s tatement s ig n ed b y M ayor S underland a nd t he Gther m enlbers o f t he c ommon c ouncil's c ommittee: W e, t he u ndersign ed m embers o f U le i ndustr i al c o m mittee o f t he c omm Oll c o uncil a re i ntere sted i n t he IllLlu st riaJ c or p"ra tion u nd er r OJ'matilll, i n t bis c ity a nd h el ieve i t a dvisH b le f o)' t he p eoplE' o f t his c ity t o " ttE'ncl t lle m eet i ng t bat w ill b e l leld i n t hc C ity H all t his e evning. F r"m ' the i nformation t hat. t his J c(#J11rnittee h as b een a ble t o o btam f r um o utside s ourL'es, w e f eel s atlsfie d t hat i f a nything i s t o b e c lone t o h elp D anlJury. n ow i s t he t Ime t o d o i t a nd t il is i s t h e m a nner I n . w hiCh i t w ill h ave t o b e d one. : \L H . R ehlttter, D . H . T readw ell , W m . .T. L y ncll . (~ eo l' ge C. H anna. J as. T . ] 30 \ \,nuln , N . H . B ailey, A . S und er land, I ndustrial C ommittee, C ommon C ouncil. s I I ' ------- ---_. ~ \ \.. �_ ----J _ ........... _ _. ...--___ D ANB , ,I \' DIRECTORS MEET. A COMMUNITY ENTERPRISE. '1' 11C Election of Officers Takes Place Next Week. 'I Danbul'~' I ntillst " ia l C oq)OI 'a- tiOll i s n ow a n a s s ured f act, a no o ut o f t hc c nthllsias i c n leeling o f c iti- I z ens h cld t wo w eek s a go y estcrday, t o t alw h oW o f a ~ i t ua l ion t ha t s ee m ed a t t he m oment 1 I0ne t oo CHcoul'a g ln g, t here h a s S p,'tIIlg a n e n terprise J'icll. i n p o:o;sibilitics a s a ll a id J t o t he c ity's i lldllstl'ial d e , 'e l opment, I I t w as s t at ed a t l ast, n g'ht's n~cct-l i u g a t w hich t he cel'tlf1ca~e o f I ncorlJOl'ation w as app~'oved ~1)(l se~ l' es \ o j' c itizens a nL'olled a s lI utlU L s uoSCl'ibel'S t o t he c ompany's s tock, t hat. t hc p l'im:H'Y i d ea a t t he I ncep tion o f t.h e c nt el'pl'j se } Jad !;lcen t o m alw i,t. k nown o utside t his c ity t hat ] )011h ur l' h a s c on fi uc Jl CC i n i tself. Xo (lJ IC w ho l Ittcn ll c(1 IlI81 J light 's m ecting, 01' t h c p rcvlous m eeti ll g', c ould I j lave f allcel t o b e i mpI' essed w ith t he s pi •.'it o f c onfidencc a nd o ptimi s m t lla t 1)1'C,'a1lc(1. 'Dw HCW c om pan y i!; e~Sl'lltl llll t n C Olnm lluit y o nterprlsc a nd a", s udl l lPP l;!al:s t o t he i ntm'cst a nd p aU'iotb Jn o f c , 'e .'y D anl)lu'iun w ho h as t he g ood o f h is h Olllc c ity a t h eal'l. I t " a s \'Cl'Y w i s cly d e ci(le d n t l a s t l ligllt' s m ccling' t hat t he I nitial s ub sC I'iptions t o t he s tock s h ould b c l imitcd t o OllC s hnl'c t o c ach s ubscribeI', i n o rder t hnt e very l l ICll lb(}l' o f t hc CO I'pOl'aOon m ight 6uuul u pon a n e qual f oo ting a n d h a\'o a n e qua l v oice i n U le s election o f d it'cet.ol's a t t he f irst I n,e eting o f t hc s locl,- I I I holrlcJ's, O nC o f t he s t ron gcst. J 'catIH'es o f t he e ntcrprl s c, lHfW{l\'Cl', f ronl a b u s ilit' ''''; 8taudpoinL, i s t he f act t hat s ucecs ,; flll b us ln css l11C11 o f L arge n lean5 I la \ 'c c xpJ'e'ss cd t heil ' i ntention t o ~ubscl'ibe I ilJcl'ally t o t he s toc k o f t he Comllll11)', t hu s s howin g t bell' f .'onfitloncc i n t hc e nte r prise a Ull i n ~hC o ity, ' VithOllt ' ' uch s ubscl'ipt l oll S I it. w ould b c ifllIJOssib l e t o s cenl'O s l l llit'icnt. c apital t o J ll!ll"e t he l lullert ai{in;\' a S llce c~s, a nd i n t hc f act t hu t C al)a'ble b usine ss 11)(,,11 w ill h a\' e l lluch a t s t ake i n t h e e llte l'pl'i se n ud 0 011\ s'( 'qu('uUY w ill f eel t he n ee ess ity , Of 1 "I\' inl;' i t l heir b est i ntcrcst, l ics t he I: tt'Ollge ,; t el(~ment o f s afe ty f or t hc " mall s toelc holder, , T "'imurlly t he e aJ) r O!' SUbSCl~P I IiOUS t o t he s tock f l' om e vcrybody 1111 t he COIUJllunity i s b alled u pon I Iat l'lotism, T he e all i s t o " do s onte· i, tlJing f OT'l)!lllbllry," B ut I lt t he s an lc t .iIllC t hcre ~s o tf c red w h,H i s, C~PCCtcl ~ t o Pl'O"C, 111 U IC h allLis 01, c apab l e \ I~, Jll~ille~ s I lion, a p]'o/Ita b lc i n \'c::; tn Jt'llt i n a n i Jlllus tl'i aJ c ntel'p"j ,;e. '1'he $ 250,000 o f c upita l " wek h a s ' :, lCC U d ivided i nto s hare s o f a p ar \ , 'aluc o f t ell d ollar ,; e ach, t o e nahlc \ a uy c itiz,cn w ho w l s hc s t o d o s o t o 1 b ccomc a p art o f t h e cOl' por atlon, 1 '1'he s ub s crlbe"s w ill ,b e ~ a J1 ed u pon t o p ay i n a s t he f il'i:;t I nstallment, i () Illy o ne d ollar f 01' e ach s huJ'e t al, I en, ' 1'he s ceollll i llstallmeut o f $ 1.50 a s hal'e i s t o b c p aid o n S eptember 1 5 a nd t he r cmail1l1 cr a s e a ll e dfol' , t lllt i n n o t l cs s t han t ll,'ee i nstal lme nt s, t hit'ty d ay s' n otice t o b e g 'ivcn I , 1'0" c ach 111 8la l1111el1t. U ndo r t hesc j t c)' ms i t w ill n ot h e a d ifficu l t m atl tc,' 1'01' a nyone t o b~come a s hare, ho ldCl' i n t h e e llt el'p "ISe, I I I I I T he d irectors o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation' m et i n t he o ffi ce o f t he C hamber o f ( Jommerce l ast e vening a nd d iscussed i nformaily m atters p erta;ining t o t he c oming c amp a ign f or t he s ale d f ,s tock a nd a lso c o n Sidered s ome m mtters r elatlUg t o c ontracts f or ' w ar w ork t lu1t l m ay b e a va ilable, . I t h a,s b!len d ecided t o h old t he e lectIOn 9 f o fficers o f t he c orporation n ext W e dnesd ay e vening, ~-------- ~)~~ ~ ~'i, \ '" & D ANBURY CREATING MORE JOBS. - ----- - It l ooks m ighty g ood t o s ee; n ew f a mili es m ovillg h ou ses i n v arious p a,l'ts o f t he c ity ~s t he l ' OSUlt i nto e mpty o f i ncr eases i n t he n umber o f r ailroad e m ploye ::; m aking t heir h eadquarwl'S b ere a nd o ther r ecent a cquiSitions, a nd i f t he 1?a,nbul'Y I ndustrial C orpora- tion, t he o rg'anlzation o f w hi c h w a s c o mpleted l as t n ight, i s s uccessful i n a chieving t h e o bjects f or w hkh I t h as b een g iven b irth t he i 'Jght o f i ncoming f amilies w ll SOO;} h ecome m uch m ore f amiliar t han i t h as b een d uring t he p a st y ea r, ! tDd t be m an w ith a T he p UI'pose o f t he I ndu s tl' ial C orporation i s t o o reate f resh o pportunltie s f ol' t he , an w ho Wal) t.~ a j ob a m} w ho m w antil ! !ill j ob i n D anbul"Y . I f t hat p urpose c an b e I W(!OlUpl,i3hed CV t' l ~r e lement t hat C OHiiltitutes t lle c it.y w iII f eel i ts q ui ckening e freet s I tS (} u.lckly a nd a s e ffeotively a s t his m orni n g's r ain p ut n ew l ife i nt o f ue w it hcI'ing; CI'OllS a fter t he l ong c1rol1g'ht, F or t hi s r eason, i f f Ol' n o o t.hel', t h e D a.nbm'y I udustria l CQl'pol'lttl on c om es e lose t o t he i nt.:ll'f"'llAi o f e very D a nbtll'iau a nd d enlllnc\ s t he s npPol't, b oth finfmc1r;.l. a na m ora l, o f c ver'yon e i ntel'estt'Cl i n D anbury, D anbury i s e ssentially a n i11ft,ll st,r ia l c ity j ob i s I ts m ainstay, T he n aIlU, S " o f &Onle o f t h e m o s t ' cap able a nd 8u(,ecssful b u s iness J llen i u t he #:tty a ppeal' i n t he l ist 0 1 d il'e(.1.ors c hosen b y t he s tock h oldt'l'o; a t t heil' i ui(,i al D.l,tleting l ast e Yening a nd t he p ers onnel o f t he d irecto.l'nte i s s ueh a s t o i nspire c onfidence t bat t he a ffairs c ompany w ill b e ho n e s~ly a n d w ise ly a dm:inis teJ'tJ , d t hat s ome, a t l east, o f t he d irectors , ~ill h ecome of t he It i s e xpecte d Illl'g'c s toclcholdel's a nd w ill h av e , i n s a reguard ing t heit: o wn i nyestments, S lJeoial i ncen- tive, i f a ny m ay b e n eeded, fOl' s afegual' diug' t he c orporation a s a w hole, Inu~ r ests of th e A ll t hese t hing s w I ll h ttVe p owerful i nfill- ence i n d rawing s llbscriptions f or t he c oinp llny' s s tock A t t he Ill' esent m oment s tron g e fforts t rOin o utside D anbul'y a re b ei ng m ade t o i nduce m en a nd w omen i n, t his c ity t o t ake p OSitions i n f aetor es e lsewher'e, T he e ffort o f t he I ndustrial C Ollporation w lll b e t o k eep D anbury w orkel's i n D anbury b y P l'o,' tding' t hCln w i th w ork-wal' w Ol'k-here, a nu t o b ring i ll l nany o thers n ow e mployed e lsewhere, E "ery D anburian wi.1l h ave a n o pportunity t o h elp i n m aking' t he e lIort a s uccess, �Au(;i.\S t 2.3 19 I S .. J ohn G arstenmaier Geo Reinhar~t F B enjamin G W alter M organ C harles K err J ohn J A llen A "l W illman Alex9.nder Geo L S cofield 1 shr.t.re 1 1 FaI'Ilk H Lee ; - xrank T B ene:i1ct E lbrLige G erry C arl P T omlinson L ouis m n son 1 1 1 1 1 1 ,.. . 1 ~ ~ ..;. Emm,:;t R yan "d,vard H K erwin .... I ra Wildman "N H R e:iiield H arry I P hll1i.;._S ~ W illard R S'lli~h H L eNis P arker ~,.... W H R ider D r N · S elleck w .- ;,1 H JL ~ V G riff In!; Sh~rman N P G uina.n W F D obbs H G Wa.rd Fa F • 5. 1. 2 .. 50 1. l. 1. 1. 1. 1. .. 1. 1 1 1. 1. 1 l lCl:'Sr C a xl s H Smi-ch Jame.; E C uff J ohn P 'a,lc:oh ~ichael A K~~ne A lfred A H igson 2~50 1 0. Antcinet~e F T omlinsonl W F T omlinson 1 Luke F Swe~ney 1 Edward C Moyer 1 A dolph H uuer 1 O Ui8 1 0. 1 1 1 1 RS Edmund B W atson R euben B P earce ~. 2 ,,50 1 10 • 1. 1 0. 1. 1 1 1 1 l Oa 1 1. 1. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 , 1. 11. 1. 1. • 1. 1, 1. 1. 1• 1. 1. 1. 1 1 1. 1 �. ~ . nt F orward 9 .pisn J Edgn.x P ika 1 1 1 1 1 Ir!r. ~ George L X -, 1 if ' Merritt M G P ollak G ilbert r_ --I, ' -' t:;((P ~ I 1 12.5 0 s h:lre 1. L. 1. ---- 1. 1. ----- - ---- - - 117 · 50 ( I IK'I/O �PROSPECTS ARE BRIGHT. l~ lSU ~'BURY, CO~N., S EPT. 6, 1918. - ------- 'rhc D a n bu ry l n du t l'la l C orporation h as w on i ts first. w a r c o n tract a nd i s a H e r o th ers. I t h a s d eIUonstra te d i n t h is f irst i ns tan ce t h at t h e m etho d o f a t t ack w hich i t h a s c h o!.en i s a c o rrect o ne a nd t he m en a ctive i n t h e e n te rprise a rc c e rta i n t ha t o th e r a n d la rg er I'e 'u lts w i n b a chI eved w i thin a s h or t t ime. T b e p la ci ng o f a g oo d- i ze d g ove rnm e n t c Olltract fo r c a n va s g oo ds w ith a l oca l m anufac tu re r w ho se p lan t i s e quipped t o d o t hat k ind o f w or k b r in gs t o t b e f ron t a n e w a nd w ha t p e r h a t# t o m .any une.~ pccte d i d e o f t h e a ctivi Ues o f t h c c orpo l· aUon. I f i t c an fi ll c ve l'y a vail ab le f actory " ,i U, w al' " , o l'k b efo l'e It. u nd e r ta k es s ome i nd epcn dcnt m an u fact u l'ing a cUdt.y, j t " il l d o s o, i ts o ffi cer s ay, f or i ts t i l' t a n d e lli ef P UI'PO e i s t o h elp i n t he p re e nt e m e r gency t o l ift D a nbury f l'om i lls c l a ss ifica tio n a s a " non-esscntia l " c ity a n d, If p ossi bl e, m a k e i t h unl w i th w ar i n dus U·y. A t. t he Ilam e t im e i ts e 1'l'ort w i ll b e t o b uil d u p a s t ro ng i ndu s t ria l f oun dation f o r t il e f u tm ·c. T Ile f a ct Ol at t he e nte rpri e h a lrea d y m ee tin g w ith s u ccess i n a ttainJng t he o bject f o r w h i ch i t w a s o rga n ized w lH be a p ow e rful f ac tor i n r a ll yin g t he p op ular f inan cia l s u pport. u p on w hi ch i t w ill d epcnd i n c al'lJ'lng' o ut i ts p la1l5. w 111 b e a n GETS C RACT ONT FOR WAR W ORK I I Industrial Corporation Secure s Business to Amount of $30 ,000 or More. T he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation h as j ust s cored i ts f irst b ullseye, i n b ringing t o t his c ity a c ontract f or w ar w ork t o t he e xtent o f b etween $30.000 a nd $40,000. T he c ontract i s f or c anvas a rticles, i ncluding g un c o\'erings, e quipment r olls a nd s imilal' a rticles, a nd t ne a wnmg f actory o f P atrick D urkin a t 12 M allory s treet w ilJ m ake t he g oods . M I'. D urkin i s a dvertising f or h elp, anti. t o-day i~ i n NI..W' Y ork f or t he r!l~rpose o f o btaining n ecessary e quipment a nd m atel'lals. M en i nterested i n t he d evelopment o f t he c ity's i ndustries t hrough t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation d eclared a t t he i nception o f t he m ovemem t hat t hey w ere p ositive t hat w ar c ontracts c ould b e b rought h ere i f t he c ity w as p repared t o g o a fter t hem i n t he r ight w ay a nd t o h andle t hem a fter t hey w ere o btained, a nd t heil' s uccess i n o btain i ng t he c ontract j ust s ec' I red i s a p retty s ubstantial i ndication t hat t hey w e re r ight. O thel' c ont r acts w ill f ollow, t hey s ay, a nd t hey h ope t hat m ore g oad n ews w ill b e r a dy f or a nnouncement w ithin a f ew d ays. ' 1'here is n o s ecret a s t o h ow t he c ontract j ust g iven t o t he D urkin f actory w as s c ured. O ne o f t he officers o f t he I ndustrial c orporation s aid t o-day t hat a s s oon a s i t w as f ound t hat t he o rganization o f t he c ompany w as a ssured, a m an w ho m ay b e c lassed a s a n e xpert I n h is l ine o f w ork w as s e n t o ut t o a scertain w hat l ines o f g oods t he g overnment w as i n t he m arket f or a n d w hat D anbury w as In a p osition t o u ndertake a t s hOrt n otice. T he c anv s g oods w ere r eported a nd i t w as f ound t hat :\11'. D urkin w a i n a p o i tion t o h ancilt; t he wOl'k. A d eftnite p roposition, b ased u pon f acts a nd f igllres i n h and, W 'l. m ade, a nd t he g overnment a ccejited i t. J ust h ow m any w orkers w ill b e r equired u pon t he c ontract c ould n o t h e l earned t o-day, b ut t hcl'c w ill b e n eed o f a g ood-sized fOA'Ca-', . . 'V. -- - ·tock a lc LOood. T he s ale o f s tock i n t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporaLion i s g oing f orw ard i n a v ery s atisfactory w ay a nd t he c ommittee i n c harge o f t ba.t b ranch o f t be c orporation's a ctivities r e.ported t o-day t hat t he pro~pccts w ere m ost e ncourag·ing. A t a m eoting o f t he d rive c ommittE(, l ast e Yel1ing w ith t he m embers o f th g eneral m erchants ' corn m i t tee, n othing b ut o ptimism p re\'ailed, C hairman D oran r eported t o-day, a nd e ach o f t he t wenty m embers o f t he c ommittee w as e agel' t o t ake h is a llotment o ( c a l'ds a nd g e t b usy t his m orning o n t l. e s a les m i ssion t hat i s ttl o ccupy t he c om m it tee m embers u ntil t he c anvass i s c o m pleted. - F u1'n ish E I "n,.. 110" A s e veryone k no'\\'s, t he o bject o f t he D anbury l n du t rial c orpo ration i s t o d o a nything i t c an t o i mprove t he l ocal i ndustl'lal s ituation, b ring i n n ew i ndustries, g et c ontracts f or w ar w ork t ha t c an b e h andled i n t he f acto r ies o f t his c ity, a nd, i f n ece s 'ary, t o g o i nto t he m anufacturi n g o f w ar i ndustries i ts elf, e lthel- directly o r l I1directly. T he e mbal'go u pon c oal f or n one~sential f actories a nd t he i ncreasing p ossiblltties o f a s erious s hut d own m n early a ll n on-essential l ines d ur 'in?; t he c oming 'winter, t hrough i n abi lity t o g et f uel a nd l abor, m akes t he s ituation s lIfficiently seriOUS t o L ynch ~[athias C. L oewe, E rnest 1 d '!mand t he a ttention a nd i nterest o f L oewe', R obl. A . L ake, D ietrich } c \'eryonc i nterest ed i n t he c ity a nd L oewe, F rank H . L ee , L eopold L e ' C hristine :McLean, G race :vIeLea i ts i ndustries. T he s peCial c ommittees a t w ork J ohn : McLean, . S. M cLean, J as. ?It y esterday J 'Pport v ery e ncouraging N iff J ohn M cCarthy , H . M cLachlu ~uccess i n t heir c anvass f or s ub- H . ~[cLachlan, JI"., T hos. E . M cCl o scr iptions t o t he c ompany's s tock. k ey R ichard r eaney, P aul L achanc # j~dward C. .:'.lo),e r, '1'. ' . :II i lian S evel'al l ots o f 100 s hares e ach w ere ~old a nd s ales o f b iocks o r 500 a nd R ichard . \liller, G eorge S . M aniol' 2~O s hares w ere a lso r eported. l':'-amuel M arasco, T . B . : I.lcKinn'· 'PhI# f ollowing i s t he li"'t o f t hose G eorge M erritt, C armie N ara' w ho h ad . suhscribed t o t hc s tock. o f l '. A . M aJ1ory, M orris N . M~~ t he c ompany u p t o t lle t ime o r t lle F rederir;k S. O imstead. S. A . I b eg-inning o ( t he p resent c anvass: 'Wallace G . O imstead , H arry I . P t h arles K err , E . H , B arnum, ( Bethel), F . U . P ollak, J oseph B . • M ar i on A gnew, M ay A gnew, E . C. l ak. :M. G. P oJlak, R obert P esd O 'Dell, J ean H ornig, O tto E ricson, .1. E dgar P !){e, I I. L ewis P al'ker, .J aco b G . I rving, F rances D anko ws ki , I P apish, R uben B . P earce. M . E rnr• L 10yd H iscock, C harles P . H oloma n y, H yan. ,Yo H , R ider, ~. B urton R G. W alter M organ, J ohn J . A ke n. M. e rs, H arry . R icc. J ohn ~. R \I( S chlitter , G eorge W . A gnew, B et h e l, G eorgc R einhardt, R ufus . R eed , J osep h A ndrews.... R obe r t S . A lex an- I I. R edfield, L eonl\rd E . m ith, L~ der, G eorge ~ Ift-UBt in , F rank T . F . S we eney, C. H . S mith, Pete,!' , B enedict, F . \VI.. B enjam in , F . C. d erberg, G eorge L . c ofieid, E m B row n S ara h M. B ar num , W illiam L . ' chicrich, P lliiip K . S underla '1'. Br~nson, A n s on B anks, W illiam W illiam I I. S eeiey. A dam J . S ing F . B uzaid, W m. ~ B uzald, J r., M r s. ' Villard R . S mith. G eorge } I'. S h L illian B uzai d L ~Beph!ne. B uzaid,! a rd, N . S eileck, N athan p iro, C. L ouis BUZl\id, E rnest B uzald, J ames S choonover, h aries W . S te\'enR, T . B owman, )])ar 1 H . B rownlOW, N . . S tone, S ilmuel S tone, J ames L . , h ( '. B eers, A lplteus A . B aker, W . E . m an, V ;-illiam J . S canlon. C arl HulkelE'Y, E rnes t W . : &tiley, J ames T ()Illiin-on, A ntoinette F . TomllJ18 E . C uff, A rt h ur C altermol (', A ndrew L aul'ie T . T omlinson. W . F . T omli " ' . C onniff, J oseph 1'. ' uihan . F1' d S(1n, L ouis T heure , D avid H . '1'rea S tephen P . C rofntt, M . C avo i, L . V i . C omes, w ell. L ouis T omanio. F . ' V . C ooper, T homas L. C uihane, T readwell, A . E . T weedy, A r n T urner, C'. H . T aylor , L ouis A lii! 1\1, J . u nningham, W illiam H. C able, P atrick H . o n n olley, J os p h G . Y an d o P irtncke, J ohn P . ' Vi G eorge I f. 'WiIliams, a rl W . C onneJi, E . R oland ( 'rorut. V ebcr. S . S . ' Veiss, J ohn F . " ,r, C has. H . D oran, F . B . D alton. C . H oward D aley. W m , F D obbs, ~011l1 r uff. ( 'hartl'S H . " "idmer. E drr ' V. D u n lavey, W . A . D ealnn, F . A . I t W atson , H . G. W ard, I ra R . ,~ D usenberry, J ohn C. D oran, J as. F . m an, 111. P . W hitton. A hlll S per D oran. ( [arie S . E r d man , C arl ~d. m an, S usan L . E rdman. C has. J , F 09ter, J ohn S. F isher. S am. H . F lllnson A lbert F rohman, R . F . F ost er, Ale~. 1. GOI'doll, H enry W . G riffi n, J . E . G alJaghel', E lbridge G erry, J oh n G erstenmaler, M. H . G riffing, W . C . G Ubert, H arrie T . H oyt, A lfre d H . H igson, A dolph H uber, E dward H ooper, H arris o n R . H oyt, F ra n k W . H anson, A rthur H urley, E . T hacher Ho~'t, A nna D . l Iuil, E sther E . H ull, ~r. L a u rie l Iuil, C harles B. H elin ( 2), R obt. S . H iscoc k . '1'. C lark. H ulJ, L . L . R ubbelJ, J olin S. H ost t' rman, G~o. C . H a n na.. A lfred E . H odshon, A lfred A . H odshon, E ber A . H odge, W . S . H olman. A. R. JOIlt:S, ' V . B . J on e_, H enry K ronshnge, E.l\Y:\l'd H . } ;'PI'win. \ fi C'IHf'1 . \ . rC'''I'''. ''' . •\ . K nn)'!'. H . S . L andsman & - llll, \ Ym. J . I , ' vlce 1 '. Jar, b y t he d ay. h ou r �~YE~lNG NEWS, SAT"'"tJRnAY. SEPTEMBER 7. 1919. ,I e Do W ar Work. Whether here or elsewhere depends largely upon them~elves, for the government is determined that every able--bodied man who is not in the military service MUST be employed at some essential war work somewhere, and has put laws into effect that wiD compel this. Non-essen- " tial industries will not be able after a short time to obtain either fuel or labor. D anbury M UST b e P ut in t he Essential Class - E' r Ja e IC pI And the Danbury Industrial Corporation is organized and authorized to accomplish this end, but IT MUST HAVE THE MORAL AND FINANCIAL SUPPORT OF THE ENTIRE COMMUNITY. Y our P roblem is n ot h ow little b ut h ow m uch ' , You are willing to do. When you 'are asked how many shares in Danbury's prosperity you will take do not consider how few you can take and still "get away with it," but how many shares you will take and ASSURE the success of this enterprise in which Danbury's future is so closely identified. Battles ' are not won by half-hearted efforts, and T his is D anbury's Battle for Industrial. And your patriotic duty is to take as many shares as you possibly can. Double up on what ~ou expec~ed to take~ The ~ !,ore you do now the more you II benefit ID the immediate future. Let YOUR effort be wholehearted and you will see wonderful results from this great community enterprise. THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. �OFFICERS F CORPORATION • F. H. Lee Elected President. Stock Campaign Commenced To-day. ~~URY E!~~ NEWS --_ .. ... ._--~ANBURY, C ONN., A UG. 29, 1918. T he d irectors o f t he D anbury I n· dustri~1 c orporation, t he OI;gam zati oll f ormed f or t he p urpose o r s ecurmf n ew i ndul$tries f or t his c ity, h eld the~1 l irst f ormal m e eting y esterday a~tel ' n oon a nd e lected o fficers. T he d ll·ee· T t ors a ssembled a w eek a go, b ut 1\ Of l ' was f ound t ha.t f ormal n otice o t thE T m eeting f or t he e lection w as n eces · Danbur~ ~a ry, a nq c onsequently t he e lectIOn y w as d e layed f or o ne w eek. W ith a f ull a ttendance a t y ester. d ay's m eeti ng, o fficers w ere c hosen e ' rile u nders ll!'ned. b eing 1111 o f t he b y u nanimous v ote a nd p lans. m a.d(· e I ncorporator s o f t he l lanbUl'!t' I ndusl u g u f orward w ith t he c a.mpalgn tOI . is t rial C OI-P0rlltlon, a c orporation t o b e s tock s ubscriptions a t o nce. o rganized u nder t he , .;tatute law,", o f T l,e officer;; e lected a re a s folloWII: t he S tate o f C onnecticut, h el'eby , P resident, : r'rank H . L ee; f irst v iceI f u nitt' I n e altlng t he f irst m eeting o f president, C harles A . M allory; s ec: l 'ald r .lwporatloll t o b e h eld III t he o nd v ice-president, C harlel$ D. P arks, V lt)' C ourt R oom. C ity H all, I n t he t reasure!", M artin H . G riffing; s ec' 1'own o f D anbury. I n s aid !!It a te, o n retary, J . E dgar P ike. t ht! 2 8th d ay Ault'u!;t, 1 918, a t 8 ' rhe c orporation m ust h ave c apital o 'elock p . m ., f Oi' t he p tll1!0se o f o rw ith w hich t o d o b usiness a nd thE. ganizing s aid c orporation I Inll f or t he f irst i mportant m ove f ollowidg t he I h
'allsactlon o f s uch l?uslnes.o; a s m ay e lection o f o fficers i s t h e i nauguration b e p resented t o s aid m eeting. o f t he c ampaign f or s ubSCriptIOns t o t he . s tock, g eneral a rrangemen t5. f or A nd i ll c ompliance w ith t hl' I 'rokVhich w ere m ade b y t he c o mmittee visions o r s aid s tatute l aws t his n oo f t wenty-five, p rior t o t he o rgamza.tice I s p ublished twl#.'e, a t l east s el' en tion o f t he c o mpany. . dllY!! b efore t he t ime s et f or sat#l T he c ommittee i n c hal'ge o f t ne m eeting I n t he D anbury N ews, II wOl'k o f s ecuring s uoscri ptions . IS n ew s palwr o f t his s tate h al'lng a c omposed o f J ames F . D oran , c hairc irculation I n s uld T own o r D anman ; J . E dgar P ike, Jam ~ E . C uff, bury. III w hich t own s atd c orporation W illiam P . G u inan, J . E . C onnell a nd i s t o b e l ocated. F rank H anson. D ated a t D anbury, t ills 2 '1th c lay T his c ommittee h as a waited t he A ugust, H U8. ( .I e lection o f d irectors a nd o fftcers b efore t aking u p i ts w ork m e arnest, . A rnolll T urner, J , E dgar P Ike. b eli e ving t hat t he p el'sonnel o f t he \ (~eor!l'e . '. S hepard, J llmcs F . b oard o f d irectors a nd b oard o f offt! ) )OI'an, l ''rank ' V. H anson, N athall cers w ould h ave m uch w eight. W ith S piro, C harles J\. ~(anory, J ame", " :. s ome o f t he s trongest b usiness I nC uI!, J ohn ) (cCarlh)', G . M . R undle, terests o f t he c ity r epresented b y F rank H . L ee. ' VlllJam H . C able , t h e offtcel'~ a nd d lrectorl'l-te o f t he W illiam P . G uinan, J ohn F . W oodc ompany, i t I s f elt t hat n o s tronger ruff, P atrick H . C onnolley, W illiam a ssurance c ould b e g iven o f a c areC . G ilbert . W tllIJam ~ ~ulklcy , fuBy a nd w isely c onduc ted- enterpri s e. N athaniel SeHeel!:, G . . l''l't!U L yon, C onsequently t he s tock w ill a ppeal A llthony S underland. C harles D . t o t he p eople o f t he c ity a s a d esirPar~, T homas C . ~(lUard , ~Iartln H . able b usiness I nvestment a s w ell a s G riffing , A . H omer F lIlow , S tephell a c ontribution t o a m ovement t hat l l. T readwell. I s b ound ·to b e o f m uch b enefit t o t he . communlty. I t I s n ot n ecessary t o w ait f or a c all f rom a ny c ommittee b efore s ubscribing f or ' stock, h owe,,:er . E~ch u t t he b anks I n t he c ity IS t akmg s ubscriptions a nd w ill r eceipt f or t hem . . C hairman J ames F . Dor!!:n, o~ t he s ubscription c ommittee, s aid t hiS a fernoon i n s peaking o f t he dn~e t or s ubscri'ptions a nd t he p urchasmg o f • s tock b y t he p eople o f D anbur\Y a s a. p atriotic d uty: "It). a ll n ational p atriotic a ppeals D anburians h ave b een 100 p er c ent A merlcftn. I n o ur a ppeal f o: ~ales o f s tock,- which 18 c ivic p atrIOti s m , c oupled w ith i nvestment , l et u s s how t hat w e a re 100 p er c e nt f or D anbury's i ndustrial d evelopment . E ver ybo dy s ho\lld o wn a t l east o ne s hare o f s tock. G o t o y our l ocal b ank a nd s ubscribe f or s t.ock 1 0 t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation . " A c ity i s a s b ig a s I ts p eople. B uy s tock a nd pUl!h D anbury t o t he f or e gt'ound I ndustrially. I " The r ecord o f s tockholders ~ill b e D anbury's c ivil r oll o f b onor . T he m embers o f t he s pecial m erchants' c ommittee a re J ohn F . W ood1'uft', J ohn M cCarthy, F rank H . L ee , N athan S piro . T he g eneral merch;;o.nts' c ommittee I s c omposed o f W . C . G ilbert, C. S tuart M cLean E dward H . B ailey, T . C lark H ull, ' J. G, I rving, W illiam A , D eakin J obn S . H osterman, F rank I F . Ha~son, A lbert F roh. man , A ugust M anganl, R ichard M eaney, J . H . C onnell J osepb A ndrews, T homas L . C ulhane, R oyal F . F oeter. H enry B. H awley, L eRoy J ackson , W . :P. G uinan, J . F . L ombardI. T he c ommittee t o c all o n m anufacturers I s c ompol!ed . of C hal'les A . M allory, C. D. P arks, F rank H . L ee, A rnold T urner. , A m eeting o f t he g enel' al m erchants c ommittee h at# b een c alled f or t his e vening a t e ight o 'clock, I n t be r ooms o f t he C hamber o f C ommerce, t o r e'.:.Ive t he c ards o f t hose t o b e c alled n a nd a lso t o r eceive i nstructions ~ve t o t heir p art i n t he d nve . ~:~rds a re a lready p repared a nd : 'been a rranged I n t he p roper #!t 0 d er. STOCKHOLDERS' MEETING The Industrial Corporalion. '0' ,,' I ~ CORPORATION IS ORG ANIZED Fi fte en Directo rs Elected by Sto ckholder s and ByLaw s Adop ted. T he D anbury I ndul$trial C orpor,ltion w as f ormally ' o rganizeii a t a m eeting o f t he s tockholders, h eld l ast e vening i n t he C ity H all. D irectors w ere e lected a nd b y-laws a dopted. T he e lection o f o fftcers o f t oe c orpol'",tiun w ill t ake p lace a t a m eeting o f t he d irectors t hl6 e vening. ' l'he i nterest t hat i s b eing t aken i n I t he enterpri~e w aa m anifested In t he _ I nl'ge a ttendance a t t he m eeting. a b ou t 1'50 o f t he 200 o r m ore person~ e w ho h ad s ubscribed f or a n iuiU&1 ~h,U'e o f t he s tock b eing p resent i n p e rson o r r epr.esented b y p roxy. T he d lreetors c hosen a re F rank H . L ee. C harles A . M allory, N athan S piro, J ohn F . W 'oodrutf . W illiam C. G ilbert, C hai'les D . P arks, A rnold T urner, J ames F . D oran , J ohn M el. e a rtby, J ames E . C uff, H any M c1. L achlan, A rthur E . T weedy, M art in J . ( .'unningham, J . E dgar P ike, G eo. F . S hepard. A :' nold T urner w as e lected t emporary c hairman, a nd J . E dgar P ike t eme" po.::~~· As_e..#:retar y . �------.,.--- ~-I DANBURY I - MAN ON WAR BOARD This City to Have Own Repre[ se ntative on Regional In dus tries Board. D a n b u ry i s to h ave I ts o wn r ep l6sentalive o n t he a dvisory b oard o f C harles E , i lilto n, s ub-l'eglonal c ha lr I m an o f t h" Re~ources u.nd Conv ersio n ~t:~tion o f l he ' V al' I ndustries b oard, :\11', B ilton, a. p rom inen l B ridgeport m anufacturel', i s c hail'm a n o f tilt! ##ub -I-egion c o mp rising F airliel#i a nd l ..i LChficld c ounties, H is h eadquar1 ,'1 5 i~ i n B ridgeport, Th r egi onal c o mmi ttee i s v irtu ~iiy a c learing hou::;e l or a li t he w ar indu::;lria l a clh'ities i n I bis p art o f C onnecticut, a nd t he f act t hat D anbury i~ t o h .tve a r c pre:;entative o n t he b oard m eans t hat thi::; c i ty w ill b c onstanliy ill c iose w uch w ith t he r equirements o f t he g over nm en t 11l t his r espect. T h " a pllointl1lcllt o r a l ocal m embe r O-f M l'. H Uton'" b oal 'd i s o ne o f t he o utcomes o f t h o rga n izatio n o f l he D anbury l ndustrial c or po ration a nd i s eX IJ eoled t o h ave a v r y f av orab le e ffect u pon t he m ovament t o w lIlg D nnbuI'Y i nto t he e sse ntial i ndustries c ia ' 1', I t i s p robable t hat t he a ppol n trrwnt Qf t he l ocal m ember o f t he h o nl'd w ill b e a nnounced w ithin a # lay a i' t wo, h al rm an H ilton c ame t o t h i' ci ty y estsnla y a[tel'11oon t o c on fer w ith . officer!# a nd m emb ers o f t he I nd u t nOI c orporatIon i n r (lfel'enoe t o t he wo.r I nuustl'ies m o" e m ent h ere , a nd es(#e. cla lly i n l ' g al'd t o DanlHll'Y'S re pI'e!OGniation u pon h is a d ,"is or Y c ommltI t ee, } J r, B ilton eXfll'e s ed himB!)lf a s b ein g g1 ' eatly i nl e r s ted i ll t he l ocal i ndus tri al m ov e men t a nd r ea,dy t o c ooperate w ith i t. i :leveral o f t h e d il'ectol's o f t he I nt « ustrial c orpo ration a ttended a m eet: i ng o f 200 B rldg p ort b usIness m e n a nd m anufac t urer ' a t t he "BI ' idg e port C ham.ber o f C omm r e, y esterday, a t , - h ich C harJell A , O tis, o f ' Wllshl n gton c hail'man o f 1h e S ecti on o f R e sOl1;'ces a nd C onnll'slon o f t he " ra r j ndustrles b oard, m ade a n a ddresS, T h e D anbury m en h ad a h alf-hour cO llf cl-en ' e W ith :\Jr, O tis, a t t h e c oncl USio n o f t he m eetin g, a nd t old h im o f t h e m oveme nt h ere a nd o f 1 h e d esire o t t his c ity t o m anufo.cttll"l' w ar 6 s "e ntl al, ~Ir, O tis e xproslled h is a ppro'"al o f t he p l an b eing f ollowed h e. .. a nd s aid t hat I t waA p roceeding a l ong t he r ight l ines , " This o rganizing o f o ur I ndustries w ill b e a fin e t hing f or t h e c ou ntr y n ot o nl y d uring t he w al' b ut a fter i t if# o ver," M r, O tis s aid , " :-'ow t he ( 'hie! p urpo se o f t he o rganization i s t o s ee t hat aU f actories c an g ive e "senti ai w ork, A fter t he w ar, e very f acto ry w ill h aye a p art t o p lay i n I H'eping o ur nation t o t he f ore , " Proof Or t he f act t hat o r ga nization a nd p lanning a h a d p ays i s c learly s hown," s aid ~lr , O tis, " by G erma n y's c ase, T wenty-three y ears n go w hen 1 w as In G ermany t or a hout f our m onths I l earned a t t hat l ime o f t he g reat o rg a nization o f t he COU lltr y a nd h ow e v er y m a n w a g iven a pl~c a nd m ade t o f it i n i t," " The b usi n ess o f t ne b ur a u o f " hic h I a m h ead," s aid M r , O tis, " b t o s ee t ha t t he m anufactories o f t he c ou ntl '}' d o n ot u s e m atel'i a l I h at i s n eeded I n l ines t hat w ill h ring t he w ar s oo n er t o i \ c lose," H I' t hpll t old o f a n umbe r o f r nanuf ncturers, s o m e m aking t oys a nd lu mp ~ w ho a re a llowed e nough s teel t o f inish o ut t he ir c ontl'acts ( or g oods ~ut b efore t hey a re g lyen a h y a p romise i s e xacted t hat n o m o re 01'#iels f a,' n on-essential g oods w ill b e t aken u ntil a fter t he c lose o f t he w ar, I n t hes e s hops I n t he f uture c o n ll'ac t ' f or goodA f or t he a r m y w ill o e I t a nd t he factOl'leA k ept j ust a s ~ lU" ~ ' d oing wOI'k t he t w ill a ssi st t he c ountry, :\11 ', i s salel t hat h e t hought o ne o f t he b oards t hat c ou ld h e a ppointN\ w ith p rofit t o t he c Ollnt rr w ould h e a b oard c omposed o f b usiness m en w ho w ould , pend t h n ext f e'" m onths i n E ngland lltud~'lng I n a t l'iendly a llied \ ' a y w hat E ngland 16 t loing t o p repare f or bUil l n ess a tter t he WRr 11[, t h a t c ountry a s w ell a s t he o ther ' cOlmtl'ies a re n ow g etting rfl ady f Ol' t he a fter w ar b ig b usines li. H e s aid t hat n o m an s hou ld g o a lo ng " ith t he i dea t hat t he w ar w ill e nd !.'non b ut s hould t orget t hat p a r t a nd c ontinu " t o w ork t o h elp s end t he R upplles t o t he f lghtl n g m e n , a t t h e ~ame t i m e doln,!, s o m e p repal'l n g f o r t he f uture , olU b- 1 I I I I LEE FACTORY PLANS. Both Ha ts and War fissentials to Be Made There. T he #l I ivel 'y o f t wo l arge t ruck o f m achinory a t t he b ig f actory o r F rank H , L e", n ear S outh 8 l l'o et, t a rl~; l abt e \'enlng, c nlllted m u c h i nter eSt. T be m achin e ry , w hich i s f irst cjtl~~ e qui p ment t or a g eneral m acl,ine a nd t oo( m a.klng s hop , h as b e n I Jl1rcha:!e d b y M r, L ee a nd i s b eing I nstalled i n a p ortion o f t he f act o ry 10l' t he m a n ufacture o f w ar e ssentia ls, t he e xa ct n ature o f w h ich h as n ot b een m ade k nown, I n s pe!lking a ! h is p lans f or t he u se o f t he l actory M r, L ee s aid t o-day: " 'Ve a re n ow m oving i nto t he o ld f a c tory a n d e xpect t o u se s uch p arts o t I t a e a re reQIlil '8d t o m ake ha t~, a s n ecessity al'l~es, ' We h av e p ur"hased m achinery, w hlch i s n ow b eing d eli l' ered a nd InSlto. led , w Jth w hich w e a re gOl11g t o m ake w ar e ssentials, a s w e h ave o me g o\' er nIDent o rders i n o ur p osseesion t o g o a head w ith a t o noe," 1\1r, L ee s tated t hat t he w ar e . sentta l w ork t o b e c aniE'd o n a t h is f a ctocy w as h is o wn e nterpri e a nd n ot a p art o f t he a ctlvltie8 o f t he D anbury I ndust r inl c orporation, I t i la s b een r umored a l variOUS t imes t hat t h e L ee f a c tory w as t o b e o ccupied b y i n dustries b rou ch t h ere b y t he I n du s trial c orporation, b ut M r, L ee s a id i t w as n o t h is i n tention t o o ffer thoil f actory f Ol' t h e p urposes o f t he c orporation u nless n o o ther f acto ry s pace o btainable w as f o und s uitable, a nd t hen o nly t emporarily , H e ~ai d t hat i f a t horough c anvas. o f t h e f actory s pace o f t he c ity s howed t hat n o o ther w as s uita ble t or t he p urpo se f or w hich i t w al w anted , s pace m ight b e e ecured i n h i b uil d ing " ' hile o ther a ccommodatio n s f or 1 h e n ew b u si ne ss w ere b eing p rovid ed, :Mr, L e s aid t ha t h e d id n ot w ish t o c on" y t he id ea t hat h e w as n ot r eady t o h elp o ut w ith f aotory s pace, a i' i n a ny o th er w ay, b ut h e h op ed t o u~e a ll t he s pace i n h is f actory f or hiA o wn b usiness, h ats a nd \ \ a r e ssentials, IOClC\S I �~nll::o""'-:r~3f10\""'110"'ono""'--~ cp , IN WARORDE , RS Industrial Corporation Secures Work f or Three Local Factories. T he D anbury I ndustrial c orpora- ! t ion, w hich a t t he p resent t ime Is d evoting i ts e nergies t o t he p rocUl'ing o f w ar-essential c ontracts f or I f actories i n t his c ity i n o l'der t o a vert l t he t hreaten c d t ransfer o f l ocal lal)ol' t o o ther p laces. h as s o t ar s ecured w ar c ontracts t o t he a mount o f $98,600, i t w as a nnounced t o-day b y t he offl.cel's o f t he c orporation, T his w ork III t o b e d ivided a mong t hree l ocal " factories, e ach m aking a d istinctive p al't o t t he s ame e quipment, a nd e mployment w ill b e p rovided f or m any w orker's, T he c ontracts i n q uestion a l'e a ll , i n c onnection w ith t he p roduction o f c anvas c overings f or g uns a nd o ther e quipment. T he c anvas w ork w ill b e d one a t t he a wning f actory o f P atrick D urkin, o n H oyt s treet, a s a nnounceli a f ew d ays a go, T he H enebry b rass f oundry o n F ranklin s trE:et' l w hich h as n ot b een i n o peration r ecently, w ill c ommence i mmediately t he p roduction o f b rass p ans r equired : a s f ittings tOl' t he c anvas c overings, W ooden f ittings, t o b e u sed i n c on, n ection w ith t he b rass a nd c an\'as, w ill b e p rOduced a t t he w ood t Ul'lling s hop o f C harles ]#~, Y ochum, o n R ose s treet, T hese t hree c ontracts a mount, a s s t&ted. t o t he l utnWlome t otal o f $98.600, I n a s tatement m ade t o-day b y t he c ltlzen8' c ommittee i n c harge o t l t he s ale o t a tock o f t he I ndustl'ial c orporation, o t w hich J ames F , D oran I s c hairman, o overlng v al'ious a ctivIties o f t he c orporation n ow u nder w ay, r eference i s m ade t o a p roposition t hat h aa b een r eceived f rom a c ompany t hat d esires t o u nite i n t his c ity I ts t wo p lants, n ow i n w idely s epara.ted l ocation8, T hi8 is o ne o f s everal p rospeotll t hat t he c orporatlo .... 18 i n c ommunication w ith i n cOnlltoC ' t ion w ith i ts e1Tort t o b ring In p ermanent i ndu8tl'Ies, a s w ell a s w ar c ontracts. T he s ta.tement b y t he c ommittee . w hich i s t ull o t I nteresting f acts a nd I htormation c oncerning t he I ndustrl80l c orporation, i s a s f ollows: D istribution o f S tock, t he s ale o f s tocle In t he D anbury I ndustria.l C orporation i t i s t he d eEire o f t he o ommittee i n c harge t o d istribute I t a mong t he g reatest p ossible n umber o f c itizens, t o shOW a nd t o h ave d etl.nite p roof t hat a ll cla.sses i n D anbury a re b ack o f t his m ovement, a nd I nterested m orally a nd f inancially i n o ur i ndustrial d evelopment, M erchants,-Every o ne I s t o b e a ppealed t o b efore t he d rive i s o vel ' ; f irst t he m erchants, w ho w ill p rotlt f irst' a nd m ost b y a ny i ncrease i n o ur i ndustrial c onditions, a nd l ose n rst a nd m ost b y a ny d ecrea!\C i n I t, s uch a s a g overnment o rder t o s hift our l abor t o e ssential w ork e lsewhere, i f w e a re n ot p repared t o h andle e ssential w ork h ere. P roperty O wners,-Next w ill b e t he p roperty o wner, w ho p rofits g reatly I b y i ndustrial I mprovement, a nd w ho lIlcewlee los€ g reatly, s hould o ur n onessential f actories b e c losed. ' Working People.-~ext w ill b e t he l aboring c iass0s-fatJlers o f f amilies w ho d esir e a m Rrket f or t heir labOl', a nd t hat of t he m embers o f t heir f amily, a nd w ho w ant t o " keep t he h ome t rres b urnmg," w ith t heir f amiI l ies t ogether, 8011 a gainst t he F eparaU c:n n f f amily - lle8. b y I.t8 m emhers h elng f orced t o w ork I n d i1Terent c it- I I I I ,\ ' I l I In • d tmoult, ' be.Ler o f a pu::~b~lI-c-n"'j,"t-WI . t', b z ' 7"i'ea t 5,000 l.J~n-".... "--- -#'-:!!"_ tisfy e verybody, I t w as t he s t ' s I'egistered I l$ s tockholder" s ales c ommittee w ho d ecided t hat t he r--.-,"".Al!.t'I'o:i'r:ee t he e ntire a muunt o f s lock m erchants, p roperty o wnel'S a nd l aI~ d lspo/;ed of, . " fay e\'(: l'y o ne pL.Rh . b oring c lasses s hould b e a pproached U:e g ood w ork w ith t hal g oal i n m ind. fil'St, a nd g iven e vel'y o pportunity t o T he e ffect o f t he s tatement o f t iwsc i nvest f reely i n t his s tock, b~fore r 'epresenling l he c orpora l iun ( J r t h () a sklnlr t he . m anufacturers t o t ake u p City, o n a pro~pect t hat thl'(-e, f Olil lJl' w hatever s tock w as n ot SOld, I n i ts five t housand o f o ur m ost v ltaliy i n- I d esire t o p revent t he f eeling i ]l t he t erested c itizj!ns a re m orally a nd f lpublic m ind t ha.t t he m anufad\lrel's, I lanclally b ack o f t he c orlJOration b y t heir e arly a nd g enerous p urwhich is u sing i ts i nflu en ce, a nd I f c hases, w ere s howing a d iSPOsition n ec es sary I ts m oney, t o b ring t hem t o c onll'ol t his c ompany _ and r un i t h cre, w ill c ertainly c l'eate a f eeling I t o s uit t heir o wn e nds, t hat t hey c an c ome a nd l ive h el'e I n I t w1l.'!! f urther t he C\Ilsire o f t he a u nited a nd l ive c ommunity, w orthy s ales c ommittee i n follOWing t his p lan t o b e t he h ome o f a Ih-e i ndustry. to h rwe a l arge n umber o f s tockholdI A T lmely ~lon,', : e l's t o ~how t he s keptical o ne' a t h ome l One o f . our l eading m anufacturers I a s w ell a s t hose o n t he o utside w ho , s o a ppreciates t he n eed o f d oing I ;Sa ,'e l iving u nder f alse i mpreSSions , I s entlai wOI 'k h ere t hat u pon h is o wn t hat D anbttry m anufacturel's, m erinitiative a nd a t h is o wn e xp'''lse a nd c hants a nd l aborers I lre u nited i n t his I' " ntirely o utside o f h is a ctivities 111 Rnd e velT o ther e1Tort t hat Is fOr t he l hi:; n ew ( ;ompany, h e Is backin~ a n b etterment o f OUt' c ommunity, : e nterprise a nd h as o rdered $~;;,OOO ,I D anbury h as h ad t he r eputation o f WlJ! ·th o f m achille t ools, s ome o f I I b eing d isunited, o f h aving a n u nsurI w hich a re n o\'l being- inslallpcJ u n o lle t m ountable b arrier or m isunderstand, 1\001' o f h is f actory t hat w ill b e u sed i ng a nd l ack o t t rust b etween m er1Ilimedil1.tely o~ t he m anufa(;ture o f c hants, m anufacturers a nd t he l aborRomc ~overnment w ork, t he o rders i ng c la!ses, a nd q ecause o f t his i mfor w hich h ave b een r eceived, p ression i t h as b een n ext t o imposlolG ood P I'ospect. b le t o i nduce o utsiders t o c onSider T here h as b een u ndel' c onsideraDanbUry, w hen t hey w ere r eady t o , l ion f or t he l ast t wo w eeks b y t hose I nvest m oney i n I ndustrial e xpant td' I s lon, O ne c lass o t p eople h as e ntel'I III erel; e 111 t 1e I ndustrial ( ;urporatlon, a p r o position f rom a l lIanUIaCtained t he f eeling t hat t he o ther c lass t llrel ' \\,ho d esir es t o l ocate h is i nwas O pposed t o n ew I ndustries, a nd ( iustl -y h ere, a nd c ombine h is p resent u sed I ts i nfluence t o k eep o ut o ther t \\ 0 p lants w hich a re n ow i n \ videly l ines o f i ndustry a nd v ice v ersa, s eparaled d istricts, A b uilding o f C oupled w ith t his u ndeserved o utspec'ia! dlll1en~lons i s n ecessary f or S ide r eputation a':ld I nternal SUSpicion, t he a l'rangement o f e quipment n eeded w e h ad n o o rgalllzed m oney a vatJRble a nd t he. r epresentative o f t his c omto a ssist t hose w hom w e h oped t o I I, an y scud o nly a d ay o r t wo a go t hat i nduce t o l ocate h el'e, B y t he g aining h e l elt I lafe i n s aying t hat hiS c omof a l arge l ist o f s tockholders i n t ne I Jany w ill a rrange t o e rect t he b uilucorpofa.UoU. w e w ant t o s how t hat irog i f i n d Oing so n o g overnment r egDanbury is lQO p er c ent, U nited f or u lation w ould b e a ffected, b ut w oult! D a.nbury's i ndustrial h etterment, t hat, J e qulre s ome f inancial a ssistance i n l apor, m erchant a nd m anufacturer ; :.urchalling t he m echanical e quip'11'1' l i\'ing i n h armony, a mi t hat e ach 1I10nt n ecessary, T he b uilding r eclas!' h as, b y t he i nvestment o f i ts q uired 1 8 e stimated t o c ost f rom $ 100,money, p roved t hat a n ew i ndustry oOil t o $150,000, a nd t he m eohanical 0 1' i nternal I ndust l' lal e Xpanll!on, i~ e quipment a s m uch o r m ore. H e s tatnot o nly w elcome , b ut w ill b e gtVf:'ll I 'd t hat h e w as a ssured b y a l arge e very OPPOI'IUllity t o livE' a nd g row b uilamg c ontractor t hat t he b uildin h armony w ith a ll o thpl' a cthrltlel'l i ng, o f s tandard f ireproot c onstruchere, T he l ist o t , tockholders w llJ tlOn, c ould b e r eady a s s oon a s t he fUl ' nish a n u ndisputed r ecord o f tho~€' I e quipment (1,0 a bout t hree m onths), a mong u s w ho a re i n f Rvor o f e xl;C n o d elay , ,'ould r esult f rom p resent p anslon, a nd w ho a re w illing t o I n; l ack o t p roper f actory s pa'c e o r d evest t heir m oney t o t hat e nd. ~ign, T he m an r eferred t o p romised t o c all a n e ady m eeting o f t he d l~rallY S hareholdel'" D f'siJ'ed, r ectors o f t his c ompany t o t ake u p One a rdent p roperty o wnel', w ho w ith t hem t he q uestion o f c oming ], ,ok!; u pon t he f ormation o f t his n ew h ere a nd a lso t o m ake ' o ut a f ull r e. c Ol'voration a s t he o nly s tep In t he ) ;ort o f t heir f inanCial c ondition, 0 1'I r ight d ire c tion e vel' t aken In D an,lei'S o n h and, w hat t hey a re w l1!ing b ury t o I nspire o ur f uture p rosperto d o a nd w hat a ssistance w ill b e r eity, a nd t o c ement g ood f eeling, s aid q ui r ed f rom t he l ocal I ndustrial COI'that h e f igured t here w ould b e a t p oratlon, l east 1 5,000 s hareholders i n t he c om- , W hen t his i nformation i s i n pro9#ol' pany b&!ore; t he d rive ~'as o ver. T his I . f orm h e will t hen m eet t he d irectors w9ul#l be It. 'OIU'CfA oJ: &f&W!cat19~ t q I o,f t he D anbul'y I ndustrial C orporatHln, a nd , i f In t heir o pinion, t he ' LSI :oista,nce a sked t or is w orthy a nd is c onSidered a s afe i nvestment, w e b e-j I ieve t hat m atters c an be. q uickly s ettletl a nd a n I ndustry o f ' a s ubstantial n;~~ul'e b e b rought t o o ur c ity, • J h e o utput o f t his c ompany i s n ow I · 100 IJer c ent. w ar w ork, b ut i t i s J ust a s i tttraetive all a p eace I ndustry, T he ll1ecl ~ alllcal e quipment i s a ll s tandal'd. ' V(, d o n ot w ish t o c reate a ny f alse l1ope~ b y t he m ention o f t hi8 o r t h tH l 'anlcular c ase, b ecause n othing m ay r:ome f rom I t. b ut t here i s a t lea::;t t his a mong m any o ther e nCOuraging p ropOSitions d eserving i mmediate I nVNltigation b y t he p ropel' OffiCials, a nd n eed o f I mmediate m oney, s hould . h ey a ppear s afe a nd W orthy o f f inanClltl, a SSistance , is ~ppar'ent, . " hlle d eahng W ith t his p articul",r 1I1duRtry t he q uestion o f p robable 10c~. Lion, s hould m attei'. d evelop t hat f ar, w as s poken o f, a nd F 'rank H L e" : ; ~!lt~d. t hat, i f t he l ocation o f t he'land a j.lornrng hiS f actory w as s atisfactorY 11 ' w ould g ladly g l\'e a d eed c o,'el'i~g / lilY a mount o f i t r equired f or ~h" n ew b UIlding, f ree oC c harge, T hree D anbury c oncerns h ave a lready s ecurerl a ICovernin e nt o rdl'l' f or a v f'ry 8 ubstantial a mount t hrough t he a c1h'ities o f t he n ew I ndustrial C orporation, I I I L I l I !ht' S EPTEMBER 11, I leB, M anutacturertl,-La.stly, c omes t he m anufacturer, w ho i n t he o pinion o f t he c ommittee, h as t he l east t o g ain , R slde f rom t he i nvestment, b ut , vho a ppreciates, m ore t han a ny o ther c lass t he s eriousness o f t he p reS- I e nt s 'ltuation, a nd t he a bRolute nece!!sity t hat s omething b e d one b efore D anbury b ecomes a d ormitory f or t he w ide-awake c ities s un-ounding u s. A bout t he o nly a dvantn/!"e t o t he m anufacturer I s t o k eep h is o rganlzatiOnj t ogether o r a t l eaRt i n t he c ity t or - atter-war c onditions. 'A n umber w ho h avp b een a sked t o b uy s tock e xpress s urprise t hat t he m Rnutacturers w ere n ot t he f irst t o p urchase thlt! s tock I n l arge a mountR, t o s how t heir I nterest i n D anbury's w eltarll. a nd t o s how t hat t hey l ook u pon t he s tock o f t his n ew c orporati(#n a ll a s afe I nvestment. I l N o S alaries t o O fficers. T hEre w ill b e n o s alaries p aid t o ! iny o f t he Officers a nd n o e x , [ t:nses, u nless i t m ay b e f ound n eces~~~-y la~er t o e mploy a s tenograph " r. i It . ietlvltles r equire i t, a nd u nless t h ,. aC~I\:'tle~ b ecome s o a rduous t hat 11l l En oil E; t ime o f a ny o fficer m ust 1,1 ' !('Iven u p t o i t, I f t he m oney is ll~, ", t o bacle u p a n e nterprise. i t w ill b l o n t he c ombined J udgment o f a b oal ',l o f m en W hose i ndividua.l j udgmel'l h~.~ , gh:en t hem p ersonal SUCces,s. .# hiS 1I1iormatlOIl a nd e xplanalio 1 " g lyen b y r equest o f s everal m~1I1~ ~)prs o f, t he ~tock s ales w orl(ers , a ml : " t heir d eSire t o h ave c leared 1I.' ,· ome o f t he q uestions t hat t hey s a ': ~he p ublic a sked a rid d e€lred mOl ' l IIfomJation u pon, a nd . I n t he hol' ~ ~, hat I t W ill , h elp t o u rge yOU t o g r., o aclt o f t hIS n ew .corporation l I' lth i our m oral 80nd f inanCial s upport ; S ubscribe f or a ll t he s tock Y OU ca.n I �rOAY. SEPTE~fBER 1 2. 1918. ; g Things Are Going Well with the D anbury Industrial C orporation The number of stockholders is growing at a gratifying rate every day, as the canvass for the sale of stock proceeds. Have you subscribed? Don't hesitate to do all you can to help Danbury at this critical stage. The industrial situation demands your most thoughtful consideration and the Danbury Industrial Corporation is the outcome of one of the largest community meetings ever held in this city. The question has been asked a thousand times , " What is Danbury to do to get in line for war work?" THIS CORPORATION IS BRINGING WAR WORK TO DANBURY. The question is answered. Now do all you can to help along, and more and more work will come here. Everybody is invited to join in and boost-now the wheels have started to turn, MAKE THEM HUM. M anufacturers - lease take a survey of what your plant can do P in the line of war essentials, and hand or send it to J. Edgar Pike, has a list of what the government has immediate need for. It is policy that every shop in this city proceed at once to secure essential work. to 1 H elp W·i n T he W ar. I THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. Office-Room 6, Odd Fellows' Building. �i/ lv'! ', s"I~G :NEWS. T lttf RS: TO UST A LL LOCAL SHOPS Corpo ation. O ni zed Unde r the rga Laws of the State of Connecticut To P romote D anbul" Y'S In dust rial W e lfare. I n o r d er t h a t a ll m a y . h elp a l ong t he s h ares h a ve b een p l aced a t $ 10, a nd e ve ryb ody i s i nvited t o b ecome a p ar t o f t his p atriotic o rganizati on. Eit her o f t he f our b anks a nd a ny m ember o f t he s to ck s ales c ommi ttee w ill be plea s ed t o r ec eiv e your s u bscrip tion, Danbury Industrial Corp . a mi ) Jay c ash w here c onvenie nt, T lw I m·tallml'nt p lan w a' p ropo:;e d '0 1 ~1ak c p ayment e as Ier f or t hose w ho e oulrl n ot c om' n iently p ay c aSh, ' lYe neef] $ 25,00 t o ~tar b usiness , TI1~ ' (,oner w e g et I t t he s ooner w e c an "~:tilrt s omething:' s o h elp b y a n e arly r ' Irchase o f a l arge a mount f Ol' ca~h, I f ('ol\Ve ni ent. O e yOUl' n ame on D anbury's indu~triaJ r oll o f h onor, Many Opportunities to Secure Con t racts for War Wo rk Available . T he s ucce;;s o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orpo ra ti on i n p l ac ing i n t hree f actor ies i n t hi.' c ity c ontracts f or g overnment w al' w ork a mounting t o a t otal o f n ear ly $1 00,000, a s a nnounced ye~t I' day , h as led t o n um " ,' ous I lltjuiri es a bo ut t he f urther POSSIbilities fO l' p rocuring s uch c onlract s , a nd a l ist i s t o b e m a dp o f a ll lo ea l l I f actol'ies d e»iring t o h andle w ar c ontl'acls, e ither a " a n a ux iliar y t o t heir I r egular b u siness o r o ther\vise, e crelary J , E dga r P ike i s r eady, I \h c orporation an nounce~ , t o r ec eive i nformation i n r egard t o f a tory ' pace a nd e#ll llpm ent a \'allllble f or w ar w ork a nd a ny f actory ( )\,'n"r hll \' i ng s uch s pace 01' e quipmen t I S houlr! n otify h Im i mmediately, g lV-I: Il1g a l l d etails a n,1 s ta t ing w hat I ille I o f w ork c ould b e h andled t o b est I a dva ntage, M I', P ike w ill b p re-. p ar d t o ~ub mit t o m a nufactllr e l'S (having f acilities f or w al' w ork l ist, 1 o f v al'ious a n icl es f or w hich t he g o,,emme#nt d t'Rires P l'oposals a nd 11 I S e x pP#'t d t h at i n t his " 'ay i t " 'ill b c pos~ihle t o t lnd nurlM'I'OUS a r'ticles t hat c un h p p roduced i n l ocal f actories w ithout : )dditional e qu ipmen t, o r a t mo~t, \ I'lth " ery l ittle n ew e quipment, F ailllre or \ 'a rious e fforts p reviou::;ly m ad e t o h rlng I I a r w ork t o thi~ c Ity ha d emonstmt d t hat t he g OH'rnm e n! w ill n ot or it::1 o w n a ccol'd B n d w Ol'k h ere a nd t hat m anufacturt'rs l ocat ed e l5pw lH'I'e c annot b e e xp c h·d t o lo cate p lant!! h ere oC t heir o wn a ccord, o llReque ntly , i t i s f or D anbur y t o rf'#lrh ( lut a nd a scertain f or It ~e lf ,\-h ut i s r equired t hat i t i s I n pO Sition t o p roduce a nd m ak a d t Init e p roP08ition f or t he c ontract, T his i s w hat t h e T ndustl'ial c orporation h al' h een d oing a nt! w hat I t e xpects t o c ontinue t o d o, T he a nnounc eme nt y esterday t hat w ar c ontracts w ere a lr ea dy in h and h as a ll'eady h au a I' a ssuring ff ect l u pon m any p o ple w ho w er e b e;;inn ing t o h ecom a nxious o ,'e r t he g n - I eral o utlOOk t hrough t he f act t hat 1 h e h at i ndustry hn~ n ot b e n a n- , n ounc('d a s Iln e ssen tial i ndustry, a nd i t i", e xpect ' d t hat w ithin a ~h!11't tim#', i f t hp p re e nt s uccess i n p ro-I c uring w al' c o ntr acts c ontinu es. t he I ' I w ill hI" a rjpfi nil • tUI"T1 i n t hp t i I e, T hel'6 I S r eason t o b elie\' e, a. p rom-I i nent h at m anufacturer s aid t o - clay , t h at t h h at i ndustry w ill n ot b e h it a s h ard a s 1I b een f eared, t hrough t he (a. cl t hat I t i s n o o n thE' e Hsenllal l ist. I t i s p xp C t . \ t hat t he h at i ndustry w ill b e p laced o n t he ll1'efE' IT ed n on-ess n tl a l Ii!;t, t hi s m a n ufacturer s aid, a nd t hu w ill c o me n ext I n o rde-r a ft I' t he es~e n tial i ndull tries , i n t he m a t iel' o f c oa I a nrt l a hoI', T he p r s ' nt a im i s t o p rovide s umcil'nt e ss n tial w al' w ork i n t his c ity t o g iv e mpl oy m E'nt t o E' I'ery on e w h o m ay h e o ut o f w or), l'i th pl" w h olly 0 1 p arltally a s t he I ' !-oul o f w ar c on' ditions o r r estl'iction~ ThE' as~ i ~ta n(' o j E'VE'I'~' On i n t el'csted i n t h w elfare o f D anbury w ill b r ' IJuiretl i n c anyi ng O Ut t his pl'Ogram, t he ~UCCE'H' o f ? "hich i s p robahly n 'en m ol' v lla\ t ha n t he m ajoril~' o f p ll pl e r(,l1hze, KE'ep D anbul'Y h usy d ur in g I he " oming w int r should h o t h e s logan o f , prybo.!y u nti l i t h f'c ol11 I' , c ertain t h n.t D a nbuI 'y i t o b e hll~Y t hroughout t he w in (' I', A t a m epting o f t h e d irector,' o f t h e In#111l'tl'ial c orporA t I on y estercla," a fternoo n, A n.old TUI"I1er \ \as I 'et'omI m end ed t o h airman , b:. B ilton, o f B I'iclgeport, c h ai rma n o f t hl' I'lIb-1'(,glonal W it I' 1 nl#Ourcp, b 'lRrd, f or a ppo ln I11 n t a s r epresentative f ro m D anbulT u Jlon t he a dvisory c ommitt o f h at b 111"1. ThE' d irectors n.lso e )pcted a n e xpc u tivp c n mmit e a t ye~t erday '~ m e t i n l!. T his e -ommittpe c onEis H o f h al' l s A ) [allory, H alT'" ! \fe-Lachlan e x-)!ayol " 'II H am C, G ilbert a nd Jaml'~ F , D omn, F I'a n
k H , L ee' , p res ident M t h e c ompany, 18 a m pmher p x-officio o ( t he I 'xe cutiv(' c ommittee# I I l I I ----- �SIxTH' D ANBUR1 WHAT CAN BE PRODUCED HERE? DANBURY_ EVE~ING NEWS DA~Bl:1RY, -- --- ~ C ONN., S EPT. 13, 1918. Industrial Inquiry Brings Apparently Important Suggestion to Light. T he r equest m ade t hrough t he c olumns o f t his p aper l ast e vening t or ' owners o f f actories a vailable f or w ar w ork t o l ist t heir e stablishments a nd a ll n ecessary d ata. w ith S ecretary J . E dgar P ike, o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation, h as a lready b rought s everal r esponses a nd, r ather t o e verybody's s ur prise , h as b rought w l ight a p ossible i ndustry t bat s eems t o h ave b een e ntirely o verlooked h itherto. I t p robably w ould b e u nwise t o diBClose t he n ature o f t he i ndustry i n q uestion, b ut I t i s o ne t hat w ould s eem t o b elong n atUl'ally t o D anbury, t or t he m atenals f or i t a .re b eing p roduced h ere a nd s hipped e lsewhere t o b e m anufactured t or w ar p u rp oses , a nd t he d emand t or t he g oods o eems l ikely t o c ontinue a s l ong a s t he w ar l asts, T wo l ocal c oncerns h ave e xpressed t heir w illingness t o u nd erta ke t he man:.:~:;.{; ture o f t he a l' ticles In q uestion, a Dd t he I ndustrial C orporation w ill l ook t he m atter u p a t o nce a nd a scertain t he p ossibility o f h aving o rders p laced h ere, C onsiderable s pace i n s hipping t he r aw m aterial a nd l abor i n h andling a pparently c ould b e c onserved b y m anufaoturlng t he g oods h er e. T his p ossibility I s o nly o ne o f a. n umber t hat h ave a lready d eveloped t ll roUJh i nquiries m ade b y r epresentr l ives o f t he I ndulItrial C orporation, a nd s uch t hings h ave s erved t o o pen t h e e yes o f t hose a ct! v e I n t he m ovement t o t he p ossibilities t hat a re I ~pen, T he c all In r elation t o f actories I s f or d efinite i nfofmation t hat w ill b e , o f v alue t o a r epresentative o f t he I ndustrial C orporation w ho i s g(}ing o ut i n a f ew d ays t o l ook f or w ar w ork i n d etermining w hat b e c nn t ell t he g overnment D anbury c an m ake , T his r ePresentative h as a ll e ady l aIjded o rders t o t he a mount o f n early atOO, OOO, a s p revioufJly a nnounced, f or w ork t hat n ever w ould h ave c ome t o t his c ity h ad i t n ot b een f or t his n ew i ndustrial m ov.em ent, a nd b e i s c onftdent t hat h e c an ~et o ther o rders a s 8 00n 1 H! a s h e I s i n a. p OSition t o k no w hat c an I b e h andled h ere. T he I ntOl'mation w a nted i s a s t o t he f loor s pace a vailable i n a ny f actory a va.llable t or w ar w ork, t he c arrying c apacity o f t he f loor, t he l ine o f w ork t he f actory i s e quipped t o d o, a nd, i f p ossible, w hat a rticles c an b e m ade ., A nother i mportant q uestion i s a s t o w hether o r n ot t he o wner o f t he f actory w ould b e w illi!'.g t o p ut i n s ome m ach i nery o r o ther e quipment, I f n ecessary, i f a ssured o f a c ontract r equiring i t, T he n umber o t f actories, s ome o f t hem e xcellent b uildings, a vailable f or s mall i ndustries, i s s urprising. I n o ne o r t wo i nstances, m en w ho h ave p roperty 1 0r w ar w ork, b ut w ere n ot ~ware o f i t, h ave b een d ls~overed. T his I s a n e xample o f a c onversation w hich t ook p lace a d ay o r t wo a go b etween a m an i nterested i n t he i ndustrial m ovement a nd a b USiness a cquaintance o f h is : " How a bout t hat b rick b uilding o f y ours? Y ou h ave s ome r oom t here t hat w ould b e a vailable f or w ar w ork, h aven't y ou?" " Well, I d on't k now b ut I h ave." " WOUld y ou b e w illing t o p ut I t t o u se i f y ou h ad t he c hance?" " Certainly." " Have y ou o ftered i t t o a nyone : yet ?" " No; h adn't t hought o t I t i n t hat c onnection." " About h ow m uch s pace c ould y ou s pare? " " Maybe 6,000 o r 8,000 s quare f eet ." " Would y ou b e w illing t o b uy s ome m aohlnery a nd i nstall i t, t o h elp t hings o ut, i f y ou h ad a ~ ... - .. cp. t o , - 00'#1" C tr " Yes; I t hink I w ould: ' T hat m an ' s f actoory h Ul b een l isted a nd i f m atters p rogress f avoracly i t i s l ikely t o b e p ut t o u se b efore a g reat w hile . T he c onversation i s r epeated h ere b ecause i t m ay s erve a p urpose i n d rawing t he a ttention o f s omeone e lse t o t he p o s sibilities t hat a re , xpected t o b e o pen, n ot o nly t o t he i ndividual, b ut t o t he w hole c ity, I f e verybody w ill t ake h old a nd d o h is b est t o m ake t he e lIort t o g et w ar o rders a s q9cess. T he E ve ning N ews r ec eived t o-day 'I t rom a m an wh(} h as p ut h is o wn s houlder t o t he w heel, t he f ollowing t hought I n r egard t o t he m ovement a nd t he r eason o f i ts a ppeal t o e very D anburlan w ho p oesesses enterpri~e a nd s pirit e nough t o t ake h old a nd h elp i n t he e ffort t o m ake D anbury b um w ith w ar i ndustry d uring t he c oming w inter; I I I I D ANBURY, W HAT A BOUT I T? H ow l arge a nd h ow p ros perous w ill D anbury b ecome? I t 1111" n atural a dva.ntages, t herefore i t m ust b e t rue t hat i ts sl:r,e a nd p rosperity w ill 1te m easured b y t he " get t here" o f I ts c1tl7,ens. T he f actors t hat m ake UI# t he " get t here" a rc s ound g uiding b usiness j udgment t hat w ill p roduce p ay r oUs, m ore p ay r oll s a nd s tlll m ore a nd l arger p ay r olls. P ay r olls t o p eople I n D anbury, n ot p ay r olls t o ] )ftnbury p eople i n B ridgeport. M r. M an, d o y ou r eaUze j ust t bat, a nd w hat a re Y OIl g oing' t o d o a bout i t? P ay r olls d o D ot c ome o f t hemseh'cs; t hey o l'e t he p roduct o f b rains a nd c apital. T here a re a h Ulldred m illion p eople III t he U nited S tates a nd h Ulldreds o f m illions o f p eople a broad w ho w ill u se t he p roducts o f o ur e nterprise. O ur g overnment I s I n u rgent n eed o f m any l dnds o f g oods a nd SUPI#Jies t o b e u sed a t o nce i n t he w inning o t t he wal". W ho c an d oubt t he a bility o f t he r epresentative m en s elected a s t he b oard d irectors o t t he ' D anbury I ndustrial C orporation? W ho c an d oubt t ha.t t his a bility b acked b y t he c apital o f D anbury c an p roduce t he g oods n eeded t o h elp - win t he w ar a nd l ater t o s upply m any o f t he n eeds o t t he w orld? T he p lan fA p ut D anbury s ccurely u pon t he m ap h al! b een c arefuly d eveloped. Y ou, ~Ir. 1\-[an, h a,'e t.he o pportunity t o d eclare y our c onfidence i ll D anbury b y be~~lng a b acker o t t .hls p l·ojeet. H ow d eep ~ijll y ou d ip I nto y our c ash b ox 1 01' y our t own, f or t he g uannteed s uccess o t y om' 8 $Oro o r t he v alue o f y ouI' r cal e state? E verybody h as t he opport~ty t o b ecome I dentified w Ith t his e nterprise a nd t he l arge s lIbscribers a re d emonstrating t heir v ital l nterest a nd b ellet i n t he f uture o f D anbury a.nlt t heir e stimate o f t he v alue o f t his c orporatIon a s a s ubstantial I m' estment. W hen o ur b ankers a nd b usiness m en e ndorse I t - with t heir c ash i t i s p retty s afe t o c onclude t ha.t t he f unds w ill b e c arefuny a nd a dl'isedly h andled. I t $ 98,000 w orth o f w ar o rders b ave b een s ecured w ith b ut l ittle e ft'ort, n ow t hat w e a re o n t he r ight t rack, $ 980,000 w orth o f b usiness c an b e s ecured b y a ctive l eeJdng. T hat a mount o f b usiness w ould m ean h alt a m illion o f m oney t o b e d istributed i n p ay r olls a nd a c ontinuous p erformance e sta.b llshed. I s i t w orth w hile? I f I t i s, t hen b ear I n m ind t hat D anbury c apital a nd b raiDS m ust g o t o i t I n s uch & w ay t ha.t w hen t he " boJe" c ome l lome, t hey w ill f ind D anbury h ununtng - with n ew i ndustry a nd a n ew j ob f or e very o ne o f t hem. T hen r ally r ound t he h ome f ires a Dd k eep t he f amily t ies f irm i n t he o ld h ome t own. N ow I s t he ' t ime t o p ut I n o ur b est e ft'orts a nd t o k eep e verlastingly a t I t, n ever s atisfied u ntll w e a re I n t he f ront r anks, a s a p rosperous I ndustrial a nd ( :ommerclal o enter. D o n ot f orget, D anbury w ill b e o nly w hat j ts C itizens m ake i t, " Hitch y our w agon t o & s tar" or - ell a h t2b �- ---. t mAY. SEPTEMBER 13, 1915. • f MANUFACTURERS, AList, .Please. A representative of the Industrial Corporation starts early next week on a mission of the utmost importance to Danbury. This man, an expert in his line , who thoroughly understands his business, wants to represent every fi rm in this city that is willing to undertake the manufacture of wa r work, in small part or large. I f the response to this request is as complete as it should be this expert will be able to say when he secures an audience with purchasing agents that he represents I I A Whole City, United In Its Patriotic Desire to Do War Work . . Scores of different things are available and we are getting in closer and closer touch with the situation. NOW IS THE TIME FOR THE MANUFACTURERS OF DANBURY TO STEP FORWARD AND STATE JUST WHAT THEIR PLANT AND EQUIPMENT is capable of doing , also an·y detail they may wish to place in our hands. There is no expense to the individual manufacturers in connection with this field w ork-it is only one of the many helpful aids the Industrial Corporation will be to Danbury industry. List your plant , please. Do it for Danbury's future , and also bear in mind the f~ct that -. I The Government Has Established a Policy of "War Business First of All" to Meet the Great Emergency. A ddre ss J . E dgar P ike, S ecretary, R oom 6, Odd F ellows' B uilding, D anbury . ~----~---------------- THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. / . ~ ., . �SIX TH DANBURY E ENING NEWS ISEEK FACTORIES HERE. V D ANBURY, CON N ., S EPT. 17, 1918. Representatives of Two Concerns in Town Yesterday. N o t h in g t hat h as d e velop ed in t h is c i ty i n a lon g t im e h as a ttr acte d s o m u c h a tte n tio n i n a n i ndustria l w ay, i t a p p ea rs , a s t h e e nterpri se o f t he D an b ury I nduetrial C orp orati on, a nd y es terday r epresenta ti ves o f t w o d i ff e ren t m anufa c turin g c o n c ern s c ame h ere t o l ook ov er t he fi eld. I L a~ t e \'e ning t hr ee m emb ers or a I la rg e m a n u fact u r ing cOI'poratl on n ow o perati n g t w o f a c torie s in o ther p laces. m e t w ith t h e d irect o rs o f t h e Tnd us tl 'ia l C orpol'a ti on a n d v ir t ually s a id a t t h e c onclu sio n o f t h e c onf e l'- ; en ce t ha t t h ey w ou ld c o n so lida te t h e ir' , e ~ ta bli s hm e n ts h er e i f t h e}' w e re p ro- I v id ed w ith s uffi c ient f ac tor y s p ace t o . a cco mm od at e t heir b us in ess. T h iR c o ncern . th e d ir ect orR of t he . ] nd ust l'ia l Corporati on f ee l a ss ured . Is ; m os t s ubs ta n tia l in c haracte r a nd t h e ) b u si n E' ~ s a nd t h e m en be hind I t a p- I l:# a l ·e n t l~· h a y e m ad e a m o st f av ora ble I i m pr t'.s "io n h e re . On e o f t h e ~t r o njl:'- I E' st f ac to l's in f avo r o f t hi s pa rti c ul a r i ndu s tr y Is t h a t w hil e i t is a w a l' e sse n t ia l a t t h e p r ese nt t ime , it s p r oducts pl'omis e t o bE' i n ( 'ven g re at er dE' m a n d a tt er t he w a r t h a n t h ey a re I I IIn o"r.e pr.oject, it it is h a ndl ed by the I Th I i nd ust r ia l C orporation , \'I' iII b e o n e I o f t h e la rg es t e v er u nd er t a ken i n t his nd or e xtenSiv e i o me I c it y, ah a n mhe ec orpora ti on hn s sc onw ays t t a Sidered h ere t of o re , T h e c on ce rn r e quir es a t t he e arliest P oss ibl e m om e n t a fa ctor y a s la rg e o r l arge r t han t h e largest i n t his ' ci ty. b e ing r eady t o u t ilize a t lea s t 50,000 s qu a re f eet o f f lo or s p ac e a t t h e st a rt . O ne o f t he d ir e ct o rs o f t he I nd u strial c orporation s aid t his m o rning J t hat h e w as o f t he opi n ion t h a t i f i t w ere n ot f or t he b uilding p roposition r ai s ed b y t h e p ro j ec t a rran g ements f or t he c o n ce rn t o l ocate h ere w o uld h a\' e b e e n closed i mmediately , a s a t t h e m e et i ng l ast e vening t h e d l- I r ect ors a nd t h e m en f rom o u t o f t own w ere c lose t o a n a gree m e n t u po n p r acti ca lly a ll o ther d e t ails . I T h e d i rec to rs o f t h e I ndustrial c or-, p o r a tion a r e s a ying li t tle a bout t he p rop ositio,n a t p re se nt , a s t hey d o n ot w ish t o l ead t he p ubli c to e xpe c t I m uch u ntil matt~rs ha. ve r eached a m ore d efinite s ta8'e , i n o rder t hat t her e m a y b e n o d isappointment t hrough t he p os sible f ailur e ot t he p lan s n ow u nder conSi d eration. R e pr e senta tiv es o f a noth er i ndust~ r equir ing c onsi d era bl e less s pace c a m e he re y esterday a nd i n c ompany w ith S ecretary P ike , o f t he I ndustri a l C orporati on , v isited t wo o f t he s m a ll e!' f act o ry b uildings t h at a re a va ila ble . T hi s c on cer n m altes m et al g oods a nd w a nts t o u tilize h elp t hat . m ay b e' a vail a bl e h ere t hrough w ar I c onditi on s. N ot h inl' d efinite h ad r esu lt ed f rom I ts i nquiry u p t o t his a f te rn oo n, S till a noth eJ' con cern . o ne loca ted i n a uot h er ci ty i n t his s tate, b ut c r a mp ed f or flo or s pac e a t p r esent , h a s b ee n l ooking thlnA'S o ver " ' Ithln a d ay o r t wo. I t 1M o f m 08t s ubstant ia l c hara cter, a nd w ould m ake a v ery d esirabl e a tte r -th e -war b usiness , a s w e ll a s . a n I ndu s tr y o f t he w ar-ess enti a l c las s. T h e p res en t o utl ook f or I ncreaSing t h e c ity 's l ist o f i ndu s tries i s s o p ro mis i ng t hat t h e q Ue8tion o f p ro', " Idln g h o using a ccom m Odat ions f or p e opl e c oming i n t o t he c ity i s b eing t alt en u p ~ t he d ir e ct o rs o f t h e I ndu s tri a l C orporation. T o m e et t hi s s itu atio n a s i t d eve lops , p rompt a cti on o n t h e pa r t of p r oper ty o wn e rs w ill b e n e c essa ry w hen d eve lopm ent!! . c om e. A m ee ting o f a ll p r o per ty o " ' n e rs h av ing v a cant h ou s es o r a pa rt m en ts a vailable f or o ccupanc y h a s .been c a lled f or t o - morr ow e v e nln« a t e ight o ' clo ck , i n t he b as e ment o f t h e O dd F e ll ow s' b uilding o n W es t s tr ee t. t o c o nsid er t h e hO US ing m atter. a nd h 1' /1'6 a tt e ndan c~ Is look ed { ,'" '- ~ , - i I I f I .....- .. �I SDAY~ ~ S EPTEhmER 19, 1918. - Producing War Essen- · I tials is Surely the Most I Patriotic Thing a City Ca'o Do. W hat w ould b ecome o f t he m en a t t he f ront i f o ther c ities w ere i n t he b ackward p osition D anbury i s i n i n r elation t o f urnishing a rmy s upplies? M en a t t he F ront A re 1 00 P er Cento E fficient O llr W e h ave s ome 1 ,200 i n t he r anks, a nd t he q uestion t hat c omes h ome t o u s w ith e ver -increasing f orce, is What Are the People of This City Doing Toward Furnishing These Boys With Things They Must Have to Vlin the War--Munition, c lothing, s upplies t hat a re c atalogued i n t he h undreds-a y ery f ew a re p r oduced h ere a t p resent , h ardly e nough t o m ention. Vie m ust d o , more, t he g overnment e xpects i t o f us, DEMANDS I T. . I t's Up to E verybody to S ubscribe to the L imit T o t he s tock o f t he I ndustr,ial C orporation. A u nited e ffort a nd m oney t o d o t hings w ith w ill w in u s a p lace 5 i n t he s un-for o pportunities a re c rowding u pon u s. 2,348 Shares Already Subscribed I nvest i n t he s hares o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation, p ar v alue $ 10 e ach . To b e o btained a t e ither o f t he b anks, o r of t he s ales c ommittee. I t i s j ust a s p atriotic t o i nvest i n t hese .. shares a s i t i s i n a ny o ther p roject t oward w inning t he w ar. THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. Office-Room 6, Odd Fellows' Building. I �- ~IDAY ~ - SEPTE~rBER 20, 1918. I Shares Subscribed for So Far H undreds o f i ndividual s ubscribers h ave i nvested i n D anbury ' s i ndustrial w elfare . T he s tock s ales c om· m ittee i s n ow e ngaged i n am a ctive d rive, a s m oney m ust b e o btained a t o nce t o " bind t he b argain " a nd s e· c ure i ndustries t hat a re o urs i f w e " get a m ove on ." One Fact Stands Out Bold, and That Is that the Securing of a Large and Important New Industry for Danbury Rests Solely with the People of This City. T he i ndustry w ill c ome i f t he p eople o f D anbury do t heir p art-the D anbury I ntiustrial C orporation h as p aved t he w ay. T he t ime f pr a " show . d own" h as a r · r ived- e verybody i s i nviterl t o s ubscribe . The C~y National Bank I s c ustodian o f t he f und, a nd t he s tock p ayments m ay b e m ade t here w ith M . H. G riffing, t reasurer . Lo ya lty t o D anbury s hould i nfluence t he p urchase o f t his s tock- -the w ar MU,ST b e w on a nd D anbury M UST h elp i n t he m anufacture o f w ar e ssentials. OR D anbur y m ay h ave t o s tand h elplessly b y a nd s ee h er m echanics d rafted t o o ther t owns w here t hey c an do e ssential w ork. I t i s t he p art o f w isdom t o b ack t his n ew c om· m unity m ovement w ith a ll t he r esources t he p eople c an c ommand, f or i t m eans P ROSPERITY . - _ . _ - - - -- - - - - - - - THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. Office-Room 6, Odd Fellows' Building. �------- --ESIXG NE'VS, S A1'URDAY. SEPTEM"BER 'NEARLY 4,000 I SHARES TAKEN 21, Subscriptions to Industrial Corporation Stock Are J ' m,. Fo:O~~~~e"~s~o,.fs B ~~~~h~~e ~anufact~I' e rs, I w ho chla~:':1 .' !toel ' o f t he ~mmlttee Oil s ales or voca~ion r e ~ ll b UI 'Y I nd u st r ia l C O !'. In c r ease 'Of ~rg' ~~ ~I l~l1~ a ctel'Il00 n , , ;1 T his b r ' , s a re s Slll ce y es t er da v, ~I ' , lII gS th e t o ta l n umb e r f ~ , ldr e6 s ubscnb ed f U t ernoon t o 3 ' 84 ' o r u p to, t h is a ( , h ope t hat I' , a n d t h er e I S stron~ ric-ached 4,0501e' b ;u ~~ b e ~ , w ill h ay~ #\" t h e 'j • on ay , d o lla l's e ' c e o f t h e s har e s i s t en [-o r ted u pa C tl, ~l e S UbSClipt i ons 1'1.: . t ha t $38 40 ~ e p r e se n t li m e m ea n to t h e ~ n te l~ a~, t hus t ar b e e n p le dg e,1 t o b e e \'e r p~ l ~e a n d t her e a ppear .,; Lhis lat e st ~ rr o~~50 n ,t o b e li eve l ha t b ur y' s P ositio n \ t o l 111 pr O\:e D a n· m a p w i ll be a p~n t he I nd ustria l c ia l Su pport , succ e ss, 5 0 f ar a s / in a n 'l J L is h op ed I~O c onc e r n ed, "'Ui:#.~ cript io n.s u p b r 1l1g t h e a m o un t o f i n o r del' l h a t s o 0 a t lea st $100,000, \ r ' 0 ; ectcs i n ' m e o f t he a m bitious Vi e w f 'T he d istr i butio nm a 'v b e c a r r Ie d o ut. or ' , e a r us a m o n g t h SU bs cr ip tIOn 10 l' ies a nd o t h e e mp lo ye s o f t he f ae· L-~ I llcn ts o f t l e,r I~ d u s tl'lal e stabli.l1 . ,a n el it i s e ~ e c ity IS b e in g C0 111p le t ed I w i ll be t a'I{~~lc t ~d t hat m a n y S ha r eSl' \\ h om t h e 111 0 \' y t !le w or ke r ", h rro m t h e f acl ~lI1e n~ IS o f i mp o rt a n e' e . e n' a t e j obs i n i ~~t It IS deS ig n ed t,) t he w ar. u s t rl es e ss e nti a l 1.0 " , I Pf t J _ ____,_ _______ ,_ __ D AY ==============================~~ . 3 ,884 }' Shares Subscribed ~ The Danbury Industrial Corporation W as o rganized t o p romo t e t he i ndustrial p rosperity o f D anbury a nd a ssist i~ s ecuring w ork e ssential t o t he w inning o f t he w a r , T his c ity, i n o rder t o h old i ts o wn , m ust g et o n a n e ssential b asil!; a nd t he t ime t o d o i t , is NOW, I t i s s omethi ng t hat c annot b e p ut o ff o r t urned o ver t o t he o ther f ellow t o d o . F unds a re n ecessary t o a ny b usiness , a nd g etti ng w ar w o r k f or D anbury I S BIG B USINESS , W e m ust a ll f orget s mall t hings, s top p laying m arbles, a nd t ake u p t he t hings w orth w hileDANBURY N EEDS T HE UNITED ENTHUSIASTIC S UPPORT OF ALL HER LOYAL C ITIZENS , S ubscribe f or a s m any s ha r es i n t his m ovement a s y ou c an c on· v eniently, t hat i ndustries m ay n ot b e l ost f or t he l ack o f a h elping h and, A n umber o f g ood i ndustries a nd w ar e ssential c ontracts f or D anbury a re i n s ight, L et ' s l and t hem. THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. Office-Room 6, Odd Fellows' Building. ~[. H . G RIFFI?liG , ' l'r easlIl"er. C ity ? liatlonlll B ank. J . E DGAR p n{E. S ecretary. �E PTEl\I ~E 23. 1918. N'DAY. S EPTE)IBRR "3 ~. 4,246 SHARES TO-DAY. Sa Su CI T he l ist o f s tockholders i n t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation c ontinues t o g row. T he more people g ive t hought t o t he f act t hat DANBURY MUST SOON PRODUCE WAR ESSENTIALS o r n othing t hey r ealize t he a bsolute n ecessity o f t his o rganization, which h as a lready h ad a m ost b eneficial e ffect i n showing t he o utside w orld t hat D anbury d oesn't p ropose t o b e l eft a t t he p ost, a nd t hat t here a re w ide-awake l oyal citizens h ere w ho p ropose t o do t heir full p atriotic d uty t o t he g overnment b y m anufacturing g oods e ssential t o w inning t he w ar. C ontracts a re c oming t his w ay b ut i t t akes u nited e fforts t o b ring t hem h ere - the o bjed o f t his o rganization i s t o a ssist i n e very w ay p ossible, b oth i n s ecuring w ork a nd i n f inancing, w hen n ecessary. T he m ore i n e arnest t he p eople o f D anbury a re t he m ore c an b e done. S ecure y our s tock a nd m ake p ayments a t t he C ity N a ionaI Bank, t hat a nbur m ay w innever m ind t he " ifs" a nd " buts," t hey h ave n o p lace i n r eal p rogress . List of Subscribers to Industrial Corporation Grows. a Ddilion o f 362 s har s o f, s tocl, Ol'pOI'alion, s ince I b ringss ubh c rib td f orumb l' o fa tued y , l l al n s hares , s old u p t o t his n oon t o 4,246, a nd t il a m u nt o f m oney s ubscribed t o ~' h n t he D anbury I ndustrial I THE DANBU Y INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. Office-Room 6 Odd Fellows' Build ing . of. R . . RIF.FI . G, T I'E'asu et·, C ity J . EDG i~R a Honal a uk. I 42,160. ' £h p ayment o r t h lIecol1d i n ' tallmcnt o f t he p urchase p rice, w h1cb i~ t ift n p r c n t., o r 1.50 a ' hare, i s b eing m d v el,- promptly, t lh i ty a tlonal b anI" w h r e n ew s ubscrIptions a r a lso b ing I ' c v ed. T hat t he move11l n t h as a ttracted r, t tention o ut i de o f D ' n oury w as I f! I'th l ' d emonstrated a t u rday a ft 1' noon, w h n a S Ubscl'ipion f or f ifty s hareR o f t c k w as I'ec I v d b y t he c u mmittef# f rom a s ubsc1'ib I ' l iving I II j r ookJyn, ,T. Y., a nd o n f or t n b har s w as l ' c i yed f rom a .:-lew Y urk ' Ity m an, t he s tock c ommittee r (,ol·ted t -d,IY. A Ii.~ t o f a rticles ( 01 h lC)l t ile g ov1'1101 n l cle ,'ir s b ids i s b ing r c ei e el I II t hi' c ity a ch d ay a nd a s d m onslra l111g t h o pp r tunili s t h t ( Ire o p n t o m,~nuracturing c oncerns, t he f ollo"' ing l is, j us r ee i v d , i s o f i nter s t: A b out ,0 () c ru i bl s ~ t hout c v I'S, 200 c ru i bt . w ith O V 1 '8, 1,500 v 1" f or c rucible. T wo m ain f e cl u mps, t wo t · of S jlare p arts, t wo a uxiliary f eed p umps, SI a re p al'ls, fOUl' f ir a nd b ilge \ lump', s par p arts, t ' 0 s amtal' Y p ump:!. s par p art, t wo v aporatOI' f e d p umps, s par p art, t wo f r 1#11 w aler di~till I ' p ump", s par p al'ts, t wo c irculatIng d i · tiller p umps, s pare p arts, t wo t u I -oil s upply p umps, ' pare p al'ts, f our f uel-oil s ervice p umps, s pare p art·, w o d rain p ump , s pare p art·, t wo d rainage p umps. s pare p art s , t wo f1'esh w ater p umps, s par p arts, f u r m ain a ir p ump, , pare p arts, t wo a uxiliary c on d en 1 '5" i h c ombined i r a nd c irculating p umps, s pare p arts , ne I c trolytic o xyg n -hydrogen g n era ill p lan t . T wo h or i zontal b oring. d rilling a nd m illing m achines o f t he f ixed p os ,I I I t ypo. I m etal p laner, 30 b y 30 i nche b y w ith r eversin m o(ol' d l 'ive. T lu'ee s tud t hreading r na h in s, 010_ 1 tOl" d riven. T en l housand y ard b lack c otton ' erg l ining, 3 6 i nches w ide, t o " i gil f our OUll e s p r li.near y ard. ( For 1 'urther i nformation a pply t o Officer 1 n C IHU'!\,P, p rovisions a nd c lo h ing d epot, ' econd a venue. R nd F orty-lhird · treel , B rooklyn. X Y .) n e b ench l athe 7 i n h . .. w ing a nd I 60 i nch b e d, O ne cor~ m achine, o n c ore OY n , on l umbling m ill , t wo s nap f lasks, T wo flP c im n c utting m a ' hine l ec[rically d eiv n. , ne w itcbhoard p anel g n eralor I a nd s pare p arts. o ne II w itchboard s eal'chlighi c omplel a nd s par p arts. 11£\ a utomatlc c u p \Vh l Imite m achin, d irect mOlOI" h Md d rive. I n e h u l dred a l1d l ift ' t I p hon" t' e ts f or u . e w lth k Ite b alloons. 1,275,000 y ards d ar k b lu e ci t h, 1 o z, A ltpr n ate b id, 1.~75 , O(} y ards u nd [ '('SHed w orllled. 1 o z . 1 .650,000. a rdfl t andal'd b lue f lannel h eavy c loth, II n;,. . A lternntE' h id A . 1.650,000 ~'arns w orsted u ndresSE'I. 11 o~ . i n l tC'conlan(" w ith sp"C'ial spf)citic ations, A Il I n at .. b id n. 16~O,Ouo r ds wOI·~·tcd undl' (,I;~f#( I, J1 o z, i n a~c r dance " ilh s pecial ~p c iflca i on8. On [e l. I I I I I ,.--- R EX'J.5 ' el"tlPl' ~. H 'men ", ' With v . F . n. F I'cnch. Betl,~ �-- / SEPTE1\IBER 24. D AXB URY E VENING THING ARE LOOKING UP. S T herc I s a l ot m ore c heel'fulness a nti o ptimism O\'el' t he ,w inter'!! D rospccts i n D anbury t han t llel'e w as a a re l ooking u p a nd l llcklllg u p, f ew w eek s a go, T hings T he I mpl'O\' ement I s 110t i n a ny s i ngl e l in e o f i ndu t ry, b ut i o a " ltl'i e tl' o f l in es , A nd t he b e s t o ( i t a ll i s t hat m or e a nd b ette,r t hing s a l'e t o CODle u lll e",s p I'c sent b opes a nd p lan s f all t o d c\'eloll a s t hcy I Day l'cll so nably b c e xpected t o d o, " T o rdel'S : H'e c omill n ' i n, ar bll v k~t, " w ( 'ek.~ A s y e t t h e y a rc o uly " a dl'OP 10 t he b ut t hose n mt ' ha,'e l) ec n 1 'epol' tell , 1uI'iog , unount \0 a g rcat dea~ t he la s t t wo m Ol'e t ban a q ual'tel' o f a m ilUoo d ol - lal 's, T h e a l'ticles f or w hich c onO'aets h ave b e e n p laced I n t hi s c ity ~i n ce t he b ell:inlling' o f t Ile p l'es e nt m ORth I nclude h at s, w ooden a r- ticl es: b l'a ss ( 'astiults, CaY"R S , "'tieles, t ibl'eboal' c! c ontalnei ' s ilk r ibbon a n ll m achlne' shop P I'oc!U VI , A D anbury m anufachu'e r w ho h a s n ot y et g one I nto w ar w ork t old a 1 'cpl'e"e ntath'e o f t he E v e ning' N ews y este1'day t hat b e e xpected t o s ig n s o mc s ub s tantial g o\'cl'nment c ontract s b efol'e t he e nd o f t he w eek, A nother D anbnry m an e xpect s t o g o t o W ashIngton t hi s w eek o n w hat O lay d e\' elop I nto a n I mportant O lanufacturlng Pl'OjCCt, T wo o tllel's g o t o o ne o f t ile b ig s hIp b uJldlng pl~lJ1ts t o-mOl'row t o p rese nt a P l'opo,;itloll t hat b a s J.;ootl p l'ospe c ts, ' Vhetber a ll 01' B ny o f t hc se e nterprises d e \' elop a ctual tI'act s Is, o f C OliI'SC, c on- u nceJ'tai n , b ut t hc f act l'e~ln s t hat D anblll'Y Is a wakc a nd a11\'o t o i t s o PPO l'tuniti es a nd i n - that [ act l ies h ope o f , 'el'Y s ubs tantial p rogre" s I n t he d en'lopment o f w ar L udnstl'i es, a nd a lso o ( l Iew i ndU Strie s t hat s hall r emain a nd g row a fter t he w ar I s o yel', ' rile m o\' c mclIt o u t he l u u't o r l iyc m anurllcturcl's a nd b usiness m en o f t llc c ity t hat r csultcd in t he b h'th o f t he D a-nbUl'Y I ndustrial ( ;Ol'pOI'atioll h a s b cclI I'CSPOllSil)le fOl' m uch o f w hat h a s b ecn u ans piJ'in g d Ul'ln g t ile 1)I'Csellt m onth , a nd t he m o,' eo. nt h il S j u !' tlflcd c i t!#clf t bl'ougb w bat i t h a s a ll'eady a ccompli s hed, T o t he l udu s tlial ( ;OI'pOl'ation l t s(' lf O\'Cl' $ 50,000 h a.s a ll'cady b cen s ubscl'Jbc#l a nd m OrC--\'CI'y m u c h m or e I t I s h oped-i s c oming, I t i s g ood b u s illc"s a nd b c tt (, l' p aU'l otism [ 01' e \'cl'y D .anburlan to l\~ ,rs. T"Uj STOCK SALES OVE $50,000 ' R Ye sterd ay's -S ubscri ptions Sw ell Ind us t ri al Co rpo r ati on Handso mely. T h e c o mmi ttee o n s tock s ubsc ription s o f t he D anbury I ndu st ri a l c o rPOl'atiOll r epon ed s hor'tly b efor e n oon t o-day t hat t he s ubscriptions b ad ' r eac hed t he v ery e n co ur agi n g t otal I o f $51, 600, w ith t he p rosp ec t , o f a ( urtbel' s ubsta n tial incl'ea~ e d ur 'ing t h e d ay, T h ese f igures i nclude s ubstantial s ubscriptions b y m er cantile a nd m a nufacturing 'Co n cerns , b esides m any & mall :#u bscriptions f rom i ndi\'idual s, a ll f or t he p urpose o f p roviding f unus t o b e u sed t o i ncrease t he i ndustria! a ctivities o f t he c i ty a nd e specia ll y t o b ring i n w ar i ndustri es i n u rd e r t h at D anbury p eopl e m a y. b e e m- f p l oyed u pon w ar w ork h e r e a t h ome I' J Ilst ea d o f s eeking w ar e m ploy m e nt elsewhel'e,' I T h e e le ment o f p atriotism i n t he m ov ement i s a sub~ta nti a l o n e, n ot withstanding t he f act t h at t he P I'lmary o bject i~ t o i ncr ease t he b u s in e::;s a nd P l'ospel'ity o f t he c ity, T hel'e i s p atriotis m f rom t he c eD1p1unlty s tandpoint a s w ell a s f rom 111#1 t o f n ational lI' e lfar 'e, f or t h e e s t a bli h Ol e n t o f w ar i ndustries i n D anbury w ill p rovide o pportunities f or h undr eds o f p e opl e t o e ngllge i n w at' w ork w ho o therwise w ould n ot h ave t h e c ha n ce t o s erv e t he c ount r,), i n t hat. w ay, T he c ommittee o n s toel, isu b scr'i ptions i!l e mphasizi n g t h cse p oint s i n p n' e nting i ts a ppea l t o t he p ubli c a nd i s a sl{ing e vei'y D anburian t o t ake a t least o n e s h are o f s tock, b oth a s a n i rH'estment a nd a s a p erso n al c ontributio n t o t he g en era l w e lfare o t t be c o mmunity , I I I g et b ehind t bl s m ove- ment a nd g h'c i t' b oth h I. t inallt'ial a nd h i s m oral Sl1PpOI'~, 5 ,160 ' Shares Subscribed - ---- rtance , ' of a quick P atriotic m en r eahze t he l mpo, b' E very n e ssentIal aSlS, m ove t o p lace D anbury o n a w ar m aterial, loyed o n n ecessary , s h op m ust b e e mP l led t o l eave t hen , ' m ay n ot b e c ompe t hat o ur m ec h a mcs f '1' t asks I n k t h ard a nd u n aIDl l ar h omes f or w or a h a lways b een n oted a s a s tra,nge p laces, Da~b~~y o~Sthe w orldng p eople o wned '' Place w here t he m aJon Y hat y ou WlII l t i s a h ardship S ay w t heir o wn h omes, d t ake u p c ramped h is o wn h ome a n f or a m an t o 1e ave " a r d n eighborh ood, a nd u ncomfortable q uarters I n a S?lP~ t o H ELP DAN This c orporation w as o rgamz e n t p ower t o en gage T he i ncorporation pape~s g ra d t he lawS of 1 ' timate b usmess u n e r " i n a lmost a ny e gl f t he c orp oratIOn 1S t o C onnecticut, a nd th~ p urpose 0 h ere a nd t o h elp b ri ng a ssist t hose i ndustnes th~t a re B URY, o ther industries~i:n~to~o~u_r_ __1t~y_,____------:-.~~::::;---c -THE DANBURy INDUSTRIA.~ CO~O~TION . Office-Room 6, Odd Fellow s' BUlldmg. G RI.FFIXG, ' l'rclls urer , J , E DGAR l#nH~, ~CC1'etlll'Y' ) 1, a' C it Y X ational B ank, - �------------------------~--- .~----------. ------ I The Danbury Industrial Corporation. O RGANIZED T o Encourage M anufacturing in D anbury. 5,680 SHARES SUBSCRIBED. T he Result is Proving that Danbury is for Danbury. T he a im o f t his corpor ~tion i s t o i nvestigate n ew i ndustries, a nd, i f f ound w orthy , s ecu r e t hem f or D a nbury . B efore a g ove r nment c ontract i s p laced t he o fficiaJs m ust b e a ssured t h a t t he c ont r actor i s a bl e t o d eliver t he g oods. This c orporation i s t o w ork i n c lose h armony w ith D anbury m anufacturers w ho s eek w ar w ork, e xtend a h elping h and , a nd i f f ound a dvisa ble, b ecome t he m a nufacturer ' s g uarantor t o t he g overnment. T he fina nces o f t he c orpo r ation will ~e h andled i n a c areful m anner s o t hat t he o rganization m a y a ccomplish t he m ost g ood f or D anbury a nd i ts s hares a t t he s ame t jme b ecom e a n a ttractive i nves t ment . . S ubscription b ooks a re n ow o pen a t t he C ity N ational B ank. - ----- 5,680 SHARES SOLD. Subscriptions to Industrial Stock Approaching $60,000. To-da~" s r epo r t of C' ludrman J amE's 1". D ot·an. o f t h e s(oC' l{ s ubsc r iption c omm i ttee o f t h e D anbury I ndustrial C orporat i on s hows s
ales I o f 5 20 s h a r es s i nce y este r c1"y. i ng a t otal s ubscriptio n o f *fiG.SOO. ~. i:1 n y q uestio n s a r e s ti ll b eing 3 .;kerl R S t o thE' p urposes 0 . t he O J-I g atll"at i on a nd o ne p hase o f i ts w orl: i s i :lusl r ated h y a c ase j us. n ow i n I h.IIlG. A m anufaclurer I n a noth!;r, c i ty h as i n qu i red a bout t he p ossib il ity o f s ecuring a f a · tory h ere f or w a r i nd u st ry p u r poses a nd t he (" h ances o f s ecu r ing a dditional c apita l t o i nc r ease h is b usiness. T h is m an h as b een a sl,ed t o p re-, s ent [ 0 t he d irectors o f t he I nulIstria l C o r poration a s tateme n t o f h !s f ina n cial pOSit i on :.tnd r esources , e x actly a s h e w ould b e r equ it ·ed t o d o i f h e w as d ea li ng w it h a b ank, a nd t o g i ve a ny o t h er inf~ r mation t hat . w ill a id t h e d i r ectors i n c om in g t o "- dec i sio n . T h e c oncern w i ll b e I n-I ' v est l ga te d c arefu ll y a nd i f i n t he · j udgme n t o f t h d irectors i t i s r e-I s po n sih le a n d p r omis in g . a f ac t ory , w ill b e s ecUl·ed f o r i t a nd i t w ill I ,e l oa n ed s uc h m o n ey a s i t m ay b e dt:cl11ed a dvisab le t o a dvance t o i t, t h e m o n ey t o b e r epa id t o t he I n- f d ust r i;J 1 (.'o r porH t ion i n a n1an nc r t o b e 5 }J( L ine d . T h e I n dus tri a l ' orpnrati(, n w ill h ave g reate r l ati t ude i n n .#' " Jl,.., s u ch a n i nves t ment l h ar. i!. b anI# o r t rus t c om p a n y w o uld ·mel t h us w ill p robably b e a hle t o o ffet' a ttrac ti,·e i nducements t o r eliable c o n ce r ns s eeki n g w a r time o p portu nities t o e xpa nd. l1l:li#-I' I I I === �~~:c.~G N"E'VS, T HURSDAY, S EPTE.:\fBER 26, 1918. The Danbury Industrial Corporation. O RGANIZED T o E ncourage Manufacturing in Danbury. 6 ,060 S HARES SUBSCRIBED. T he R esult is P roving t hat D anbury is f or Danbury. T he a im o f t his c orporation i s t o i nvestigate n ew i ndustries, a nd, i f f ound w orthy, s ecu!e t hem f or D anbury. B efore a g overnment c ,ontract i s p laced t he o fficials m ust b e a ssured t hat t he c ontractor i s a ble t o d eliver t he g oods . T his c orporation i s t o w ork i n c lose h armony w ith D anbury m anufacturers w ho s eek w ar w ork, e xtend a h elping h and , a nd i f f ound a dvisable , b ecome t he m anufacturer's g uarantor t o t he g overnment . T he f inances o f t he c orporation w ill be h andled i n a c areful m anner s o t hat t he o rganization m ay a ccomplish t he m ost g ood f or D anbury a nd i ts s hares a t t he s ame t jme b ecome a n a ttractive i nvestment. S ubscription b ooks a re n ow o pen a t t he C ity N ational B ank. E,\rEXING NE'YS, F RIDAY. S EPTEj)lBER 27, 1918 . .The Danbury Industrial ·Corporation. I O RGANIZED J T o E ncourage Manufacturing in Danbury. 6 ,310 S HARES SUBSCRIBED TO D ATE. K eep t he b all a-roZling-do something for Danbury. , - - Subscription b ooks a re n ow o pen a t t he C ity N ational B ank. �~URY I I N E'V S, i' VEDNESDAY, SEPTEl\f BER 25 , 191~. The Danbury Indus trial Corporation. ' O RGANIZED . T o E ncourage Manufacturing , in D anbur y. 5 ,680 S HARES SUBSCRIBED. T he R esult is Proving t hat D anbury is for Danbury. T he a im o f t his c orpor a,tion i s t o i nvesti gate n ew i ndustries , a nd, i f f ound w orthy, s ecu r e t hem f or D a nbury . B efore a g overnment c ontr a ct i s p laced t he o fficials m ust b e a ssured t hat t he c ont r actor i s a bl e t o d eliver t he g oods. This c orporation i s t o w ork i n c lose h armony w i t h D anbury m anufac t ur ers w ho s eek w ar w ork , e xtenci a h elping h and , a nd i f f ound a dvisa ble, b ecome t he m a nufacturer ' s g uarantor t o t he g overnment. T he fina nces o f t he c orpo r ation will-t#e h a nd led i n a c areful m anner s o t hat t he o rganizatio n ma y a ccomplish t he m ost g'ood f or D anbury a nd i ts s hares a t t he s ame t ime b ecom e a n a ttractive i nv est ment. S ubscription b ooks a r e n ow o pen a t t he C ity N ational B ank . - - -- ~ 5,680 SHARES SOLD. Subscriptions to Industrial Stock Approaching $60,000. T o-day's r eport of C hairman · J ames F . D oran. o f t he s tocl# s ubscr i ption c ommittee o f t h e D a n bury 1 n dustrial C orporat i on s hows s ales I o f 5 20 s hat'es s ince y estercJ"y. 1 I1::l1{- , i ng a t otal subscriptio n o f *5G.SOO. ~, i:tny q uestio n s a r e s tlll b eing 3~ke(1 a s t o t h e p urposes o . t he OJgallJzalion a nd o ne p h ase o f i ts w or!: i s i :l u strated h y a c asc j us. n o\\' i n I h ..tIIG. A m anufactureJ' I n a nothc, r I ( 'ity h as i nquired a bout t he p ossibility o f s ecuring a f actory h ere f o r w ar i n dustry p u r poses a nd t he ('h ances o f s (#('uring a dditio n al c api ta l t o i nc r ease h i s b usiness . T hi s m an h as b een a sl#ed t o p re-I s ent f o t he d irceto r s o f t h c I nul1st r ia l C o r poration a s tatement o f h :s f ina n cial p osition a nd r esourees, e xactly a s h e w ou ld b r equired t o d o i f h e w as d ealing w ith a b ank, a nd t o g h'e a ny o t h er i nf4)rmation t hat w ill a id l h e u ir ec t o rs i n c om in g- to :. d ec i sion. T h e c oncer n w ill b e i n-I v estiga t ed c arefu ll y a nd i f i n t he j udgme nt o f t h e d ir ectors i t i s r e-[ s po n si b le a nd p r omisi n g . a f ac tor y w ill b e s ecure d f o r I t a nd i t w i ll j 'e l oa n ed s ll ch mo n e~r a s i t m ay De d "cmed a d\'isable l o a d\'ance t o I t . t h c m oney t o h e r epa id t o t h e 1)1- f d ustriDI C'o r poration i n a m an n er t o h e sp# L ine d, T h e I n d us tri a l ' 01'plJrati#' n w ill h aye g reate r l atitude i n n ,a k ttt.., s U 'h a n i nvestment t h aI" a b ank o r t r ust c om pa n y w ould ' lnd t h us w i ll p ro b aLly b e a b le t o o ffer a tt r active i ndue m ents t o r e li able c once r ns s eeki n g w art i me o p po r tunities t o e xpa nd, I' I = == �f 250 MORE SHARES. ~ $2 ,5 00 Added to Industrial Corporatic~ Fund. I $65,240 SUBSCRIBED. I I Y esterday's s ale o f I D anbury Inclu~trial s tock o f ~he c orporatIOn , a mounted t o 250 s hares. m aking t hc t otal u p t o n oon t o-clay. 6.310 a nd t he , a mount o f t he s ubscriptions $6~.lOO, R eturns a re c oming i n f rom t he c ards d istributed i n f actories a nd a t lHJll1es t hroughout t h e c it¥ a nd n umerous s ubscriptions a re b eing r e-, c elved f rom t hese s ource s, : Industrial Corporation Fund I Still on the Increase. sub~cription~ I I T he s tock t o t he D anbury I ndu t nal C orpora t io n a mount (;d a t n oon t o-day t o $65.240. t he r eport o f C hairman D oran s how ed. a nd t h f und i s progres~ing t owa r ds t he $7~.OOO m ark, ) ;umerolls r etul"ns al"C b eing r eceived f ro m t he c ards d l'tl"ibuted i n f~ctories a nd h om s t hroughout t he c Ity. b ut t he c ommitt c o n u bscriptlOns l ooks f or a m uch l al'gel' a nd m ore g enel'a l r esponse d uring t he I n ext f ew d ays, C hairman D Ol"an s a Id t hIs n oon t hat h e w ished t o l Il'ge u pon e veryone w ho h as a c ard t he de~irltbility o f m aking a p rompt I'C-.' ponse. w hether t hr s ubscriptio n i s f or (' o ne s h are o r a t ho usand, T he f und i s d esign d ~() m ake D a nh u r y g TOW. k eep D an hL! r y p eople b usj' h el ' 111 D anbu 1'" a n d II1su r e a b us)' a n(l p ropel' ous w int er ( or t he c itj' h e "' ides b uilding u p i ndustries ( or llie f uture. I I I I ~~TJXG NEWS. SATUHDAY, SEPTE~IBER 28. 1 9l5. IThe. Danbury Industrial Corporation. O RGANIZED To Encourage Manufacturing in Danbury. A tten tion! Canvassers. H ouse-to-house c anvasse rs who h ave r eceived cards will kindly call on t hose w hose n ames a ppear on the back o f t he card and g et t heir subscription for one or more s hares o f s tock. Blank cards are also included for those who are not l isted . Upon c ompletion o f t he c anvass t he cards are to be returned to Room 6, Odd F ellows' building. Canvassers will p lease a ttend to this patriotic duty a t t he earliest possible time. 6, 4 SHARES SUBSCRIBED TO DATE. K eep the ball a -rolling-do s omething for Danbury. S ubscription books a re n ow open a t t he City National Bank. �;VE : \'L~G ~~-r,VS , :\IO ~ mAY . SEPTE~IBER 30, 1918. . ,. B uy L iberty B onds for Y our C ountry's S ake. B uy I n dus trial ,s for Y our City's S ake. The Danbury Industrial Corporation. O RGANIZED T o E ncourage M anufacturing in Danbury. A ttention! C anvassers. H ouse- to -hous e canvas s ers w ho ,hav e r eceived c ards will k indly c all on t hose w hose n ames a ppe a r on t he b ack o f t he c a rd a nd g et t heir s ubscription f or o ne o r m ore s hare s of s toc k , Bla nk c ard s a re a lso i n cluded f or t hos e who a r e n ot l isted . U pon c omplet ion o f t he c a n va ss t h e c a rd s a re t o b e r etu r ned t o R oom 6 , Odd F el lows' building. C an vasse r s will plea se a t te nd t o t h is pa tr io tic d uty a t t he e arliest p ossible t ime . 6 ,724 S HA RES S UBSCRIBED TO D A TE. 3 ubscr ip ti on boo-ks a r e n ow o pen a t t he City ~ation a l B ank . b ANBURY E VEN] 6,724 SHARES ,SOLD. 200 Shares of Industrial Stock Sold Sinc e Saturday. " Buy L iberty b ond s t o h elp A mer Ica; b uy I ndustrial C orporati on s t o ck lO h elp D anbury." i s t he c ampaign s logan a dopted b y t h e s lock ::;ub::;criIJ1I011 c ommittee o f t he D anbury I nI d ustl'lal o rpol'ation. w hich, u ndep • t h e l eadership o f C hairman J ames F , D oran, i s g radually b ringing t h [ 0la l oC l he s ubscript i ons u p t o t he 'SiO.OOO m a, 'k , S ince S atu r d a y nool1, ~ OO s hare!; o f t he s tocl{ h av e b een s u b scribed f or m aking t he t ota l a t 1100n t o-day 6,7~.i s hares . w hich r e presents a n i nve s lment o f $6i,~40 , ----- �3, 1918. ' B uy L iberty B onds for Y our C ountry'8 S ake. B uy I ndustrial S hares for Y our C ity's S ake. The Danbury Industrial Corporation. O RGANIZED T o E ncourage M anufacturing in Danbury. A ttention ! C anvassers. H ouse -to -house c anv a sser, w h o h a ve r ecei v ed c ards will ki ndly c all on t hose w hose n ames a ppe a r on t he b a ck of t he c ard a nd g et t h eir s ubsc r iption f or o ne o r m ore s hares o f s tock, Bl an k c a r ds a r e a lso i ncluded f or t hose w ho a re n ot l ist ed, U pon c ompletion o f t he canva.ss t he c ards a r e t o b e r eturned t o R oom 6 , Odd F ellows' b uilding, C anva s sers will p lease a ttend t o t h is p atriotic d uty a t t he e arliest p ossible t ime . 7, 4 S HARES S UBSCRiBED TO D A TE. S ubscri ption b ooks a re n ow open a t t he Ci ty N ational B ank . T,045 SHARES SOLD. - Industrial Subscriptions Now on ~vay to $75,000. • T he ~ale or ~hares u f t he H oek u l t he D a.nbury I ntlu ' tria.l COl p orallou h as j las ' eu t ile ",OUU i ll.ll'j" C nalrUlan Jal11e~ 1#', D oran, u f t ht: (;011111111tee 011 H Ocl'. s ubscnpliuns, n 'jJUl'tea L V-day, a nd 11 I S h uped t haL a t otal o f ' ouu : shares w iIi b e r eached U l a s hon t ime a n tl t hat t he t im " \\' h en lIJ,UUO s ll:"I"" ~haIi h a I 'e b t:en t ak en i s , nut t ar d IStant, T he p rebc nL ' ubseription o f . ,045 ~har,,:; l 1lea n s t hat $ ,0,430 i s n o\\' a ssured t o t his e nterprise a nd t hat W ilh a c ontinuation o f t he P OPUltll' bUl.#pon t hat i t i~ r eceiving, a t und c f , 100,1100 w i l l Soon I.H:'C'ome a vailable 1.01' t he \~'ork u f e stablishing n ew ;11tlllstne~ 111 thl~ c ity, I C hairma I t D oran ~aid t o-clay t hat I Lhe r esults fl,()111 t h e h ouse - to-hoLl S.. c an,'n,,:; \\'el'C' Y CIT plea~ing, H un';r('(hi I )f c an.ls a l'e y et t o b e r etuI'lled , " ut t hC' r e"pon:;p, so f al' a~ t he c al'ds t hat h aY e a lreucly bE'C'n I lIITIl'cl i n , d'C I c onc('rllPd, h as l l(,pn s plendId a nd I nlanifesl~ i n a 1110st ' ubstanth/l 'va:,Ih e i nt (' ren i n t he m ovement a nel t he fa(;1 t hat t ill' p f'ople n f t h e (' ity a rp h ehincl i t a nd a j );u't o f i t. T h c d irectol o f t he C Ol'pol'n t lon h pld a t n eE'l inl!' i n t he M Ike o f I h e c orpora t i o n i n t he O dd F ellows' b uildi n g o !" " 'est s tl'pet l ast v eiling, w ith p ract I cally t he f ull l 11embership p resent, a nd disC' u ssed a t l en gt h a n i m porta n t p ropoS i tion t bat w as p resentpc] t o t he h oard f or c onsideratio n , f ';('C'retary P il,e s aid t o-cl ay t hnt t he l'e \ \'ns nOlhin~ t o b e s nid a t t he j )I'e8(,Ilt m omC'nt I n r egard t o t he p roj"d l IndpI' c onsidera l ion, b ut i f t he f ina l n ('lio n l lpo n t he m atter w as f avor,1ble, " PI'V i nt p l 'psti n g- devp l opmcmts " 'ere l ik el y 1n t h p n ear f uture, I I �/ J , / �• 'l'W ELFl'l[ DANBURY EVENING NEW~ ! METAL BALL CO. I C ONN, I INCORPORATED i D ANBURY, N OV 2 ,1918 New Corporation Will Manufact ur e Ste el Balls for Bearings. l 'apers o f i ncurporation o f T he lI1etal B all C o., o f D anbUTY, f iled t o-day a re p reliminary t o t he e stablishl1l'l.:l o f a n ew a nd p romising m anufactur · i ng i ndustry i n t his c ity. T he c orpuration, w hich h as 1)('0n f('~med b y H ridgepo.·t I 11el1, h as lell~,,;l t he b uilding o n F oster S tl"cel o ccu)l\l:'!' b y t he " ass C hemical C o. l l:; a l ab· (·ra1.Ory, a nd i s e xpected t o c ommence m anufacturing o perations t here i n ,l 1':~1Jorl ~ t iJne. St~el b alls t o h e u sed i n b all b earing::; w ill b e m anUfactured. h )' t he n P\\' C ')f)cern. T he m en i nterested a re t hose w ho l 'eccntly p urcha!;ed t he b all d er,artment o f t he bURines,; o f t he H ill! .\- Holler B earing Co., o f l his c it.'·. :::"o1.lis R . B eim. o f t he B all & R ol!er l :earing C 0 .• Rait! t o-uay t hat h is c om!Jany w ol.ld d eyu e i ts #:lltin~ f a#':llitie~ t o t he f lroductiol. u f h ~ al'ings, t he m a n ufactllre o f s tet-I P f)J\S 1.;cli1E a n u ltirely d iffcrent '·,-ul':'. T h n e\\' CU1JC~l"li i s t u r.lcgin open~ tion~ UpOH a n 'tl-d·:..nl'c s cale, i t i ~~~ ,- tllder.~t(lod, b ut h'i ~(dcl t o l lave alnJosl. i Ull1 nlitt'd. l'()SSLt.dHtle:=; fVI" e:~pansiol.i l',":.f:+t,s ' it.h ~:HICI':;t"S:i) w :..t~ ~l:l.'!'t J ;~: C\"(:ll'Y rt"c;:";Oll t v e xpect. t bal I I if it ~" I I w il l. incorpor:J.t(Jl·ti a re ' V. t' L ~ 'L:t(; 1J lInl Ie ~llHl ,A.lico L eJ ( ;0' ?o"[I#Hai1on, u~ .L!c 1l1g.e!lort, :J.ncl G f10rgc ' \\~. : :intilh, (II I i :#truHor #l . T Ile c apital S locl, i s $:.0.1 0011. c(J'L\~isling o f ;jUG s l1acM o f a pc, r i yn,iu(# o f , ('U e ach. H 1 TJH.· ll~:l.tUI'C o f t he b u iI1es~ a s elf ~ I Gned i n t ho i ncorporation p apers, J5 ~ Ji t o n -lanufactufe, b uy. :sel!, dtlL ... l (lea.l rn:lr!a~t \ vith, 1 1lftrkct, g"OOclS, l)I'('I'~:.l'L' 1 ';}I d~nd D 1E'r#';}l!UJ- a nd " 'ares, (lise cd' { 'y,-"r'y cJ:i..:if-: l lnd dC"";;·..:ri!;: h~;.~, t 0 ~lcqulr8 h y IJUr#.:.h:\sC! o r Oi ~,,~!'~ ... ; ., i', p atents. p atcllt r i;;hts a n(l l"i\jl~. ,; ' . impr(IV e ln~!Hi; o r s ecn,' t pl'~C('SSC!) fc: f o r in a ny W~iy l 'C!Ei.lIilg U... t'.lt:: { Ii.. ·:·:':' . '.; pU1'('~,:J.,,;e, lea~0 o. 0 :;k cquire l and ~..:.nc1 Iluiidin;":"t1 t ' to ator(#~aill: er\\'hie IDanlH,ry. or p.l~e.7':lH~i(J, f or t he f.'I'V , t i'l1 a ,l(, ('~tablishrnent o f a m:',;,vfactlll' i ng p lant; t o s('11 lea#;e 0 " o t!.· t:r\\'ll-le d l:# al , j l h t he r pul :1nd ! '( " , 6 011al I·J('i.,#~ty ; :( t he c ompany; :1.ro;l to ( 1,) ~dl a lld e ,,'prytllhl1,; ne~f'#:;~':" r y, #-iuitable o r r ; "1')(,1' i n)' th#} n ceumrlishnh:'ilt~ o f t he o j'jr··01.:-i e nurner;\ t ed h ')l', ,. i n ( II' 111~'irlE- ~ l :ll t o t he )"'H)\';Cl".~ 11 r# l't-. ' I n -.:lll',l l'r \ "J :(,11 .::::h all a t a n)' ~~:r.,' a:lJ!p:l" ;':':\1.#,:G'1E"l'l ro}' lil~ II l H.' ]1erit v rotection o f t he c crporation. Tl"'e l J ...lfl.~/1J.r t;'#tvc t he m en (.Oll1..!el'J1 i ts , r' tl'I,~::st,'in i ;ntCT('.~tl:'d C O-()~;i:J'ation '-"i, ! Il,rn. l i, i n t he ;', ' 10W i n o btain' n g a f:t#-lOI'Y a nd b e';o:lling l ocated h ere. The: Intlustr'jt.tl C o!'poralion h ail 3 e(:tirS(l a n o ptioll u pon r eatly F n ,iH(\l' strt';;t. iJ1Jllding a nrl \ \'hen a !· ~ 1I!' 11 th~;~t th·~ l oca t !on ' \\'a~ SUi~f'l1 to t he l'cfi,ui . rprr!el1t~ u f t he n \ \' ~\.l"'! lO't-rod t i wmediately t m'" Iclo'rn p:lo;,,,r'Y over toarran.gptlheo Ite:"" t he i t. T w as a rr . . n FNI tJll'ol1gh G. F rt'd L y " ,,_ w ho S UCCF;E;ci.; t he l ate G eorge H. \ 'iilJiams a s t rustee o f t he e state n f t he l ate D r . \ Y. C . 'Wlle, w hich o wn, t he p roperty. T he b ui lding- tt) b(' o ccu!lied b y tl-·p n ew c oncern if# . -;Ituaterl b pl\\,pen t h·' D?l~lJLlry c lub b uilding .m#1 t he p la.nt o f t he D anbury J 'rintin:; C',#., :.Lnt! ;~ o ne o f t he m ost s u1):.;lanti:ll factc)r:, bLJilt!iug-~ a vailable i ll t he cit....-. '1'1 ;,.' Ya~s C hemical C o., w hich n ow o ct'!t1Pu.~~ t he b lli lcJing, .its t o n 10\'C i nto rL p art o f t he h ullding o ccupied b y t h'c D anbury P r inting- Co . J ust w hen t he n ew c oncern w ill 1)0- " g ill o pel''' t ions i s n ot y et c ertain, b u I i t " '1 11 b e " 'ithin a ,~horl t ime . ._ -- I ��Danbu r y,. Co!m . , N ovember 2 9, 1 918 Mr . W. P . G uinan, T he D . &.ra G as & E . L . C o., D an'bury . D ear S ir:I n c onn e ction' i th t he a fternoon p a rade, c elebrating t he s igning o~ t he a rmistice, t here w ere a g reat many t ransparencies m ade u p. T here N ere 9 8 i t h t he w ord " Gi v e," a nd m ore t han 1 50 0 1 t he o ther d il'J.,erent p osters m ounted o n w all b oard, I 'li t h s ui t able h andles t o c arry t hem. T he b ill ... o r t'~ese i s t 67.88. ' ,vhich I e nclose. T tere a ere a lso eOL~s pri~ted b y t he L anbury ?rinti~ ' Co~p'1ny, a lrountlng t o 1~19 . 05 . ~~ ~a ffie printed~y t he A uto S ign a nd P rint n g Company , t te b irls . lor i lhic}: I h ave s ent t o A lder!n3.n I rving. I b elie ve t hey p roperly come u nder t he h ead O r t re p arade c orrnittee.' I a lso p ur c ha sed a b ox Or c andy r or t he g irls a t t he H igh S chool who pri~ted t he c ards. You t' i ll r eca1l t eat t rey e re o alled i n w hen s chool wa s n ot i n s ession. T re rool!. wa s u ncozr.lort3.bly c ool, a nd i t v{ae ' very d illicult t o tie t t re g irls t c s tay . Al. t vr p leading w:i.tr t hem t o r eturn o n P aturday a ..l.ternoon, w hior. t hey d id, I t hought i t w ell t o S hO,7 a pi)reciation a nd s ent t hen: a bOX 0 1 c andy r roc Mah oney a nd Q urns, l or w hich I p aid ~1 . 50 . I d o n et k nolf j ust w hat p rovision y ou h ave l or t aking c are 01 t rese b ills, b ut ~ t hought h e ,: o uld n a t ura.ll y corr:e u nde r y our C OtJI:,1 t tee, s o i n ~rd.'er t o g et r.:.y d esk o lea.ned u p .lrOII: t his r ratter, I a r- send i ng t haD t o y ou . A S s oon 9 .8 n r. T urner r eturn s 1 a hall t ake u t his m at e r N i t h h io, a nd He s t,all n o , dOUb t d eviseP s ozr.e m eans b y h ieb t rey c an b e s ~ttled . Y ours v e r y t rul y , " �E anbury, C onn., 2 9, 1 918 Nove~ber r . J . G. I rving, Roe n il1 A venue, D anbury. Ie r "r . r v1ng: I n c on "!a ction 'vi t t re a fternoon ") r a e c elebrating t re s igning o~ t te a ruistice, h ere e r . g reat number 0 1 s igns ~rint ed a nd t ransp ~renciea L~de . Tho e d ir e tly c o neeted i th t he a ' ! r ti sing o~ t he Uni ed ,' ar o rk Campaign a mounted t o 6 7 . 88, h ieh I b I iave s hould come u nder t he h ead 0.1. t te a x e nse l or t he , Iar eami,-aign . The p atriotic s ign .I.)ri nted a mount t o 9 .50, . h ieh I b elieve a h cul ri be t a e n c ar C.l by t e p arade comr i t tee. t. E nclos d y ou. i 1 . lind t hese t /O b i1' ~r om t h A uto ~ign an~ ? ain tAing Company, a nd I a hal l a p r eciate i t i .l you N i11 l et me know { hether t ley a ho 1d b e t aken c are 0 1 by t he p arade eo ~"i ttee, o r Tho i s r esnonsi b l l or t hee. An e arly r e.lY l rOL y ou, r elativeto t is, . Ii 21 b p precia. t ed, a I e sire v ery much t o g et t r.e ~ccountB o ut 0 1 t te Way . Yours v ery t ruly, .. :- :':K T F nc . �D ANBURY EVEl\"JNG NEWS, lIO~""DAY. S EPTElIBER 2 l19. ~-- NEW INDUSTRY TO LAUNCH ,~\'1COMING HERE CAMPAIGN 14, 1915. [INDUSTRIES NEGOTIATING 1 Industrial 1 Corporation Com- $150,000 to Be the Goal in Inpletes Arrangements With dustrial Corporation One Concern Has Option on \ 1 Facto ry in 1his City. , " Drive. I O t.ice rs o f tloe D anbury I ndustrial T he c ommittee a .nd w orkers a nd a ll T hc o fficer!; a nd d irectors o f t he c orpvratlOn a nnounced t o-day t hat o then:! w illing t o t a ke p art I n t he ] )anhurr I ndustrial c orporation h a' e t he b oard o f a ir· ·~tors o f t he c orpOl'a- c ampaign o f t he D a nbur y I ndustrial tlone a n i111111£'nse a mount o r \ \·01 k t lOn h "\'e c ompleted a rrangement::! ~or C o rp oration t hi s w eek f or t he s ale o f d uring I h e l ast f ew \ \(' I'I(s i n i nvesti- I "Q' he L ansden C ompany. l nc., o f a t l e ast $150,000 o f t he c apita l s tock g aling , ·ariou#i in#1uHlI"ie,; t hat It . BrCJoklyn,.N, Y., m anufacturel's o f o f t he c orporation, w ill m eet i n t he s('(' m ell p()ssibl~ t o b ring t o t his #;ity, e lectrie u 'ucJ(S, t o m ove t o t his c ity b anquet h all i n t he ba~ement o f t he e lim inating t he u ndl'sit a ble an(1 e nand c ommence b usilless h ere a bout O dd F ellows' b ulldlnlf o n W est s treet d en'·OI·,ng t o c omplete s atisfaetol·Y J allu(l.ry l . t his e vening a t e i gh t o 'clock, t o a ra nange1l1ents \\ i th tho~e t hn t w ei e I I A s n o s eparate f actory bUI lding I'ange fOl' t he a ctive c anvass, w hich i ()un(\ t o Ite d l':;irable, a m emher o r I l'ouited t o t he r ,·qulre'Tlents o f t he w ill b e u nder w ay t o-morrow . t he h o , u·d o f d irectors ; ;aid t o-clay. ' company i s a vailable a t t he p resent A t t he a nnual m eeting o f t he s tockT he l east o f t he \ " ile e statc I tuild- ' 11lOlllent t enoporury q uaden, f or t he ho ld ers o f t he c orpo rat IOn a s hort , ng o n FO#itel· s t r eel t o t h e " "lelal B all #:ono.:c, ,I a re t o b e p rovided i n tl;1e t ime a go t he r eport o f t he a ccomC o .. a n e\\' c orporation, h as b ef'n t iled l ir;.t s tory o f t h e f actory o f t he F raf.k plishments o f t he f irst y e a.r a roused i n t he M Ike o f t he l own c lt'r\( a nd t h,' H . L ee C o., n ear S outh s treet, a nd m uch e nthusiasm a nd n umerous v olc ompany i s p rejJflring t o b egin h usllater, ' f t he · growt h o f t h e b usiness untary s u bscriptions t or a dditional I I ll'S". T he f actm'y w as seeul"E'd fOl· w all·ants , t he a utomobile c ompa"y s t ock w ere m ade w hile t he m eeting t ht' c oncern t hrough t he I ndustria l \,111 p robably h ave i ts o wn p lant h erc. w as i n p rogreBB , w hile m any o t l hose o.:orporati~, T he L ansden c ompany m anufacp resen t v olunteered t heir s ervices t o A l arge c oncel n w hich i s 5 ('e\(ing 1 t ures ( !lectric L rucks o f f rom 1,000 a ct a 3 s olicitors w hen t he s t o ck c am a n c\\' \ ()('alion I,('cause i ts f nctory ill ' lJounds t o 12,000 p ounds c ap acity a nd paign s hould b e I naugurated , a nol1H: I· e ity w as d £'stroyed h y lir£' I "CiR s aid t o m ake m any v ehicles f o r e xJ ohn C, D oran, c hairman o f t~ g en_ ccntl~, h as a n o ption " pon o ne o f t ho [ Jort t o E urope. I t h as b een e stab e ral c ommi ttee, i s i n c harg e o f t he larg£'st a nd r no,;t d £,Rimble ' ·acant lil:'hed i n B r ookly n s evf'ral y ears a nu a rran gement.;; f or t he c a mpaign a nd t actory building-:o; i n t his c ity a nd IS , i s u nderstood t o h ave a b usiness t hal. h as t he 8 .&Hstance o f t he c hair men E-XPf'ct#lti t o p urchase t he p roperty. j s h ows p romiSing m dications o f d •.' - a nd m ember s o f t he s evera l s ub-comThis t ran#lactiol1 h as he£'11 p enellng v e lopment, I t i s e xpected t hat t he mittees , T ·h e c ampaign h as b een o rganized o n t he l ines o f t he w ar ' everal w eeks a nd t here i s r eason t o c eJllcern w ill e ml) loy f rom t hirty tCJ d rives a nd i t i s ex',:#ected t hat p ractih e·lien' t hat i t , ,·ill b e b l' ou/;ht t o.. y o !leratives a t t he s tart. ca lly e veryone i n t he c ity w ill be • a t i si"actory c onclusion w ithin a f ew S inc;) it~ 0 1 g anlza.tion t ho I ndul:II 'eache d t hrough 30me c ommittee 0 1' tin~ ' ''. ~,ithough 1 10 p ositi,·c decisi#;11 I t rial c orporation h as, b een i n c omt eam, Ita!'; y ot h£'l'n r e'l.ched b y t hc p l·ospec- I m UllIcauon w ith s coref' o t n lanufacT he b usiness m en o f t he c ity, w ho tI;~ p UI·chaser;;. . t urIng c oncerns s eelting f llctOI·y 10w ill p rofit a s l argely, p el'haps, a s a ny1 hE' l 'aLUrc.of t he :work b I llg d one c atIOns a na t he o ffie·'rs a na d irectors one t hrough a dditions t o l ocal i ndusm akes : t u nwl" " t o d Isclose t he n ame" h ave s p ent m uny d a.ys i n m akinf, tries, w ill b e v..alted u po n b y a s pecial o f con.c('rn~ l ll'';t a re b£,lll~ n e,!otl::t-I , painstaking i nvestigations i nto t he c er;ommlt tee o f n ler-chants, a nd m anut('(1 " I , h , 01 t o ol~closc an~ t hlll ", t hat 1 H irabllity a nd f lnancial a nd b usi n es' facturers w ill b e v isited b y a c omI w ould : ·cveal t ht'lr p rcsE'nt location " , . ) b t.:trIding· o t ::!l'ch i nd ustries. A d ozel 01 ., I II m o.st.. casE'." .. ~.\"en. t h,: n alul~e o f mit tee o f m anuf ac t urers, w hile o ther 1 l imes d uring t ile l ast t l r ec month~ c ommittees w111 8011clt s ubscI·iptions , th£' I lldustlles, J t IS £,'o(plallled. r " 0 t he p r s pect o f c losing n egotia tio llf,. f rom e mployl'S o f local f actories, o rw eelts a go s ome o f thE' o fllcel's a nd , w ·th ° e ' mor e c oncerns h as d eem ganization s a nd t h eir m embers a nd d ll' c lol·s o f t he ( 'ompany " pent p ra#:I 0 11 U l . . . llic·ally t hrre e ntirf' d ays i n i nvest i - , E-d h rlght , b ut sometlll~l£ de~elOP~d. o t hers. '/;:tting a n indU1#try t hat propo1#('tl t o I s how t~at t ll: ~oncel ~ w~s U !lf;I t i s e xpected t hat a hand~ome 1 ( ;0me h ere a nd n £'gotiating w ith i ts fi,l 'l.b}e, 0 1 . 0thel l ea50ns f OI h alt I g dr·awing i n p erspective Of t he $100.00 ~ f a ct ory t h at i s b eing e rected f or t he I O wner", a nd a t " I 1Icf'ling o f tl1l' d irec- I ~ e goLiatiolls d eveloped. . . •• tOl"S W ith t hl' I, eorl e' i n # tue!#tion,!t M any conC"1 ns. a re . wllhn~ , to K eystone I nstant F ood C o ., w ill b e I w as p raetically d ecide!l t hal t he c onchange l ocations I f s uffiCIent f inan.clal r eceived t o-morrow , T he p icture w ill , c€Tn w ould lo(·at#" hl'rE'. T wenty-fOUl" Hld\lc~n,e~t IS ~ffe~ell , a~d i nvestlgab e p laced o n d isplay i n s ome c entral ~, o ur1# h ttt'I' w ord \ \'as r ecei,·cc! l lnt t lOn s ho\\ s t ha. 5 1rpllsmgly f ew o f l ocation, I t w1ll c onvey a n a dequate I dea o t t he s cope o f t he w ork b eing 11,p E 'ntirc m altt'r w aR o ff. T he t own t hem l.lre n s/(s t hat b usmess m~n a ro u ndertaken b y t he I ndustrial Co ri n w hlt'h t hc c oncern i s l ocaterl h ad w illing t o t ake . . I t h as b een t he a im pora ti on . l"al"l1("l t hat i t m ight m o\'c a nd h arl ' I)f t h e I ndustnal c orporation, t o a T he e xpense O f t he f actory f or t he ~ u('cee(led i n c h ang-ing t hc p lans. ~al·ge e xtent, a t l east, t o. f ind s mall f o od c ompan y h as b een u nder w ritI n u !Hlthel' ( nse d isapPO i ntment I Ildustrles t ha t s how p rorlllse a nd a id ten b y t he d irectors o f t he I ndustrial c ame afl£'I" i t w a s h plie,' cd t hal t he t hem t o d evelop, b ut t o p ick t~e d e , p end in g t he s ale ot !"rLl e o f n f act 0 1"\' i n B C'thei t o 11. n ('w p ir ab le a mong s uch c oncerns IS n ot C orporation, industr·~· 1 1nel b e " n ("om)1Ict('(1. a n e asy m atter, a nd t hus t he w ork s tock. O ther f actories w ill b e e recte d a s f ast a.s f unds b ec om e a vailablo, I t h a" b p pn f ound t n 1) . . 11y n o mC'nn#; o f t he c orporati.:tn h as p roceeded v el'Y a nd I ndustries a re" walting t o s tep i ns lowly. r, n £'a,, · t a,k t o g N d ""irnhlC' indu!#- I t o t hem . t I"it'#;, l)Ut a l t hr· pl"e~ent t im£' 1 ll' g'I- , \ Y!llle l ittle h as b ee n d isclosed a s W ith 523 s tockholders a t p resent, t iations w ith a n umber o f c onc£'I'n" t o w hat a r,th·itieR a re u ndl."r w ay a t t he e tror t w ill b e m ade t o i ncrease [!l·C i n pl'ogr E' S~ a nd rf'pl · esentali\'c~ I p resen ", a side fr01TI t he a nnouncet his n umber v ery l argel y a nd I t i s of a t I(,HRt thl·(-c rliff£'l"ent h vlustries r nent m ade t o-day, i t : s s tated t hat d Ir e h e c orporation a l'e t o Y isit t his~~~ . .~hiR ~\'cek. i t m ay b e p ossible t o m ake d efinite t he h esenero f t c o-operation i n t otss ecu r e s uc g ' al I w ork ~tntements i1 r egard t o o ne 0 1' t wo t hat p r..actically t h e e ntire p opulation m ore i ndustries w ithin a s hort U me. o f D anbur y w ill b e f ound t o b e n umO ne c once rn w hich h as b e£'n n f'gob ered a mong t he s hareholder' s w hen tinting n early t wo m onths f or a f art he l ist i s m ade p ublic, a t t he c onc lu s ion o f t he p resent c amp a ign . tOI·y i n t his c ity i s s till t o g ive a d efiS harea m a y b e p urchased I n a ny nite a nswer t o a p ropositIon u nder I a mount, f rom o n e u p . c onsidC'ra tion, T he n ew m eta l b all f actory o n F oster s t,·eet i s n tpidly g etting i nto F , S , K omp, o f B rooldyn,"". Y ., o peration a nd a dds o ne m ore i ndu8- I h ead o f t he L ansden C ompany, I nc., t ry t o t he l o cal l 1st , D uring t he I w hich I s s oon t o e stabllsb a f actory l ast ff'W d ay!; t he m achi ne s hop h erc f or t he p roduction o f e lectricl1. l:y r e cently e stablished i n a p a r t o f t he I p ropelled t rucltS, c ame t o D anbUl Y , F ran\, H . L ee p lant h as a u\'ertiscd v esterday i n c ompany · with t he h ea?S . f or s killed w orkmen , T he I p r.ir ' o f t he m achine a nd (l.85embl): depl1.lt- '18hOPS o f t he N ew Y ork, N ew H aven m ents o f h is facto~y, t o d eCide u pon I Rne! H al'lford r ailroad a re g raduaJiy I, \,Oorious d etails c oncerning t be l oca- : , in , ·reasilH; t h@ir f orce o f mach!ni~ts. t lon o f t he n ecessary m achinery o n " Th" c orninE, o t t he ('\e~tric t ruck c ontho g round f loor o f t he F rank H . L~e i ( ' p r n w ill m ean s till f urt her a dClifactory n ear S outh s treet, w here t. 1e J t ions t o t h e n umo t' }" o f m achinists ' c oncern i s t o b e l oc ated, t emporal'l y e mi Jo y ed h ere . nd i s e xpccted t o a t l east . .dh h usa,ld s E'Vl'fal f amilies o f a v ery d esirMrs. K omp a ccompanle er a ' )!e cl~ ' s s t o t he p opnl:l.tlon o f t he b and h ere a nd t bey h ave m ade H 3t~i d ty. T h£' s e t hing!; a ll m ean a n i n rangements t o re6i~e a t t he 0 G ree n d uring t he w mter. h ·eased d emand f or g ood r ents ;o.nd T he L ansden C ompany e ,,:pects , t o Illor£' b usiness f or l ocal m erchants, b egi n t he w orl{ o f m oving I ts e qulP'., i l.h ' He " mong t hf' a ims o f t he m ent h ere i mmediately a n d h ?p es t o , industrial c nterprlse , b e a h l e t o c ommence ·work m I ts n eW p lan t ~'t'he f irst o f J anuary, Th e , c ompany w ill b ring s eve ral o f j~S p resent e mployes h ere a nd w lll t a e o n a n umber o f l ocal m en, I t 19 e xectod t hat a bout t hirty m en "\\'111 b e ~mpIOyed i n t he f actory a t t he s ta.rt a nd t he f o r ce w ill b e i nClreased a s b usm altes i t n ecessary, I I I I I I I I Intt I II :t?, I I I I I I - LANSDEN MEN HERE. I Electric Truck Concern Arranging to Move Plant. I \ I: 1;,7. 111 Hot..-' I �I D \.NBURY EVE!'\T.N-G :NE'YS. ~~IONDAY. S EPTE:\ffiER 29. 1919. "T e A e Now O lolV C endition r e . '6 e r I s IV • • -Eller~ I nch o f l Iailable F actory S pace T hrobbing W ith Industry@ E E ED, A A D anbury i s a L ive-Wire Town~ a nd e very c itizen i s c ordially i nvited t o p artioipate. B ig p lans a re u nder w ay f or D anbury's I ndustrial D ava iopment. J oin h ands w ith o ther l ive w ire m en a nd h ave a p art i n t his g reat w orkp ce~s a S peed. Y ou k now t he o ld s aying a bout t here c oming a t i me i n t he a ffairs o f m en ( and m unicipalities) w hen o pportunity k nocks a t t he door·",., Substantial'ndus r"es ow See D anburians, s peed u p, d on't l et o ur o pportunity s oape f or o ur t own. pportunity 0 Locate ' Here. H elp s ecure a w ide d iversity o f i ndustries THF. DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION~ �~q Nt3 (.lIT ~/Y'I:#U.51if/tJl C--- : - Oil? ~ , C l/PPIIVGJ -----
.----------...... onci , .I!0 y ERT I S£/Y1EI)/T~ , 711/-i,E F Rom· . ) )51(.8 t:LR Xr #~ff.5· £ )/'f /f/.£ , . 5 ;;:p T :z f --b ( )CT-4-. �D ANBURY E VENING NEWS. F RIDAY, S EPTEliBER 2 6, 1 919. S! THURSDAY,~- SEPTEMBER 25, 1919. Q UARTER O F A MILLION IN NEW F ACTORIES. P redictions m ade I n t hese c olumns a s hol't t ime &IfO t hat i mportant i ndustrtaJ d evelopments i n D anbury w ere c lose a t h anl h ave b een f ulfilled t o a n e xtent e ven g reater t han w as e xpected a t t hat t tme , f or a t t he pr~nt m oment f actory c onstruction t o t he a mount ' o f m ore t han & q u&l'ter o f a m illion d ollan 18 u nder w ay i n th.I5 c ity a nd c onfidence i s e xpreesed b y m en i n & p osition t o k now, t hat m ore w ill f ollow i n t he v ery n ear f uture. D a.nbury w as s eeking I ndustriee a f ew m onthl! a go, b ut t o-day t he s itua.tion i s r eversed, t o a l arge e xtent, & t leas&, a n. t leeirable I ndu!!tries a re a eeldng l ocations h ere. O nly t he l lUlt o f l Iu1Ilclent f actory s pace t o a ccommodate m anufacturing c oncerns t hat d esire t o m ove h E're i s h olding b ack w bat unquesUo~ably , vould d evelop i nto r ecord I ndusU-ial g rowth a .ntl e xpansion f or t his / city. T o m eet t his d emand I n p art o n e b ig f actory i s u nder w ay a nd i t i s h opell t llat f unds t o p rovide t hc e rection o f o thel's w ill b e f ortbooming. A m an c lo sC'ly i n t ouch w ith n early e vel'y p base o f t he l ocal i ndustrial s ituation s aJd t oday t bat l) ~ w as c onvinced t hat i t a m illion d ollars o ould b e I nvested i ll ' r0dem f actol')' c onstl'uctlon t bls f all, e very f oot o f s pace c ould b e lea8#'#1 t o d e s lrablc l llallula.cturing c oncerns b efore t he c ompletion o f t he b uildings. I t Is n ece!!sary o nly t o h ark b aek t o t he s ituation t hat e :s:isted a nd t he c onditi on t hat t hreatened t he p rosperit), o f t he c ity l ess t han & y ear u go t o r ealize tht# c hange t hat l Ia s b een b rought a bout. W ith f ew I ndllstrics t bat w ere c lassed a s e ssential t o t he , winning o f t he w ar, t he c ity s eemed, a ~'ear a go, t o b e f acing s erious. e ven t hou&,h o nly t emporal'Y, I mtnstrial #1cpl· ess lon . Tht#n d eveloped t he d etennlnation n ot t o h e s idt#tracked. i f an.v p ossible w ay c ould b e t ound t o a vert s uch a t huIg'. '1'llc r ally t o t he c all f or a ction h ad I n I t m uch o f t he l IJplendld e OJlununlty s pirit t hat w as c reatcd d uring t hc 10D&' p eriod o f c o-operath'e ' wa r w ork. I t w as, t il f act, bOMI o r t ha·t s iririt a ad c arried f or'''8,rd b y I t. I t w as t be &lUnc s pirit t hat. l ed D anbury t o m eet evel'}" dellljl,lld t hat w a s m ade u pon i t d uring t he w ar, w hether f or m en, m oney, o r a nything c lse t hat i t b ad t o g ive o r l oan. D anbury Is s t.ill g oing [ ol'ward u nder t he i nlluence o f t hat s pirit a nd i u; r eward t hus f ar I s t o b e c Ollnted I II teMDS o f b usy i ndustries, n ew f actories. i ncreased I JOpnlation a nd g eneral c ommunity p r08perity t o a n e xtent t hat p erbaps h as n e,'er b een e xceedcd i o t be h istory o f t be c ity a nd t own. I t I s D ot a t eml)Orary o r t ransient g rowth t hat I s b eing c reated I n a ·n y oC t hese H nes, f or , s o f a.r A S i t i s p ossible t o d etcrm.ine, e Tery b it o f t he a dvanct'!Ul"nt t hat h a s b een l UlCompUshd t hus f ar I s o f a p ermanent n atllre. T here I s n otbln&, o f • t CDlporary n ature a,bout t he hug~ c oncrete l )lIi1dlng t hat t be M allory H at C o. i s b uilding o u R ose s treet, t he c oncrcte s tructure t hat t he D anbury I ndustrial C Ol'poratlon I s p utting u p n ear T rianglE' s treet, o r t be m achine s hop t hat D OI'an B ros. a re e recting n ear S outh s treet, o r. i n f act, a ny o f t he o thel' b uilding o perations t hat a l'e u nde·r w a.y I n d llfercnt s ections o f t be c ity. ' 1'hc r ecords o f C hief B eckerle o t t he F ire a epartment, s how t bat a pproxbna.tely 1 70,080 s quare f eet o r f ioor s pace h ave b een a dded t o t he c ity's m anufacturing e stabllshments d uring t he f tnIt n ine m onths o f t he J #resent y ear, I ncluding t he a rea o f t he b lllldings n ow u nder C OMtruction. T he s plendid s pirit o r e nterprl8e t hat h as h elped t o c reate & 1'4'Ilcrous s bare o f t his n ew g rowth a nd p rosperity i s s NB b1U'ninar b rightly a nd i t s hould b o t he p art o f e veryone w ho b aa I nterest i n t he w elfare o f t he c ity t o k eep i t o oD8tantly a glow, f or w hat h as b ean & 0c01l1pllshed t hlls f ar s hould b e o nly t he ' begInning o f t his D ew e ra o f a dvance. Hi\. b ldY D anbury a U t he y ear ' roUlld," i s a s loaran w ith _ u ,im w orth t rying f or. . FINAL PAYMENT DUE. Industrial Corporation Shares Ready for Issue. t T!~ f inal pa~of S ubscr:ipti one o e s tock o f t he I Danbury I ndustl'lal C pl-poration i s d ue t o-day a nd S ecretary P ike, o t t hat o rganization s tates t hat , the c ertificates o f s tock m ay b e o btained a t t he C ity N ational ' bank, u Pon c ompletion o f p aymentA $lCJ ~ml?_algn.J!!'or t he s ale M a t lea~t ' . m ore o f t he s toc k o f t he C OI'r~ratlon, . fo r t h e p urpose o t f inandng e e rection o f n ew f acroriea i n t his ? Ity, I s s oon t o b e I nauguI·ated a nd i t IS d esired t o o omplete a ll t he d etail_ o f t he l lrst B U o ocriptlon b efore t h; ! 'ext o ne I s c ommenced. ' l:he m ajol.lty v t t he m ol' . U lan 5()() s tockholders i n thhe cOl'pol·a~lon b ave a lready p aid f or t e l I ' s took m f ull. STOCK DRIVE NEXT WEEK I Industrial Corporation to Raise Funds for Factory Construction. A " drive" f or t he s ale o f a dditional s tock o f t he D anbury I ndustrial # 'orporation, t o U :p a mount o f $ 150,000 o r m ore, w lll t ake p lace n~xt w eek a nd p reparations a re b eing m ade t o c arryon t he c ampaig n u pOn a n e xtensive s cale. T he m oney i s r equired t o f inance t he e rec tion o f t he f actory t hat i s t o b e o ccupied b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood c ompany, a nd t o p rovide f unds f or t he p romotion o f o ther p lans f or \ the i ndusQrial d evelopment o f t he c ity. T he I ndustrial c orporation, w hich h as p r oved t o b e t he m ost s uccessful c ommunity e ntcrprise e ver i n a ugUl'ated i n t his c ity, h as o ver 5 00 s tockholders a t P I'esent, a nd i t iH h oped t o m ake t he n umber v ery m uch l arger a s t he r esult o f t he c omin g c ampaign. T he f unds o f t he c orporation a re t o b e u s ed w holly r or t he p urpuse o f e recting f actories t hat a ppearing t o b e t he m ost p l'a.'c"ca l w ay o f i ncreasing t he m anufacturing r esources o f t he c ity. A t a m eeting o f t he c ommittee o f t he I ndustrial C orporation i n c harge o f s tock s al es, h e ld l ast e vening, J as. F . D oran , c hairman o f t hat c ommit. t ee, p resided, a nd s ub-committees t o t ake c harge o f v arious department~ o f t he w ork werE! a ppointed. I t wa~ d ecid ed t o c arry o n a n i nte nsive c ampaign d uring t he w eek c ommencing S eptem b er 2 9. ' I'he g eneral c ommittee i s c omposed o f J ames F , D oran, c hairman; J . E dgar P ike, s ecretary; J ames E . C uff, W . P . G Uinan, J . H . C onnell a nd F rank T . ·H anson. i Ii. M . G riffing i s t reasurer a nd M rs, C larence B G illette a ssistant t reasurer. . · T he c ommittee i n c h arge o f p ublicIty a nd a dvertising i s a s f ollows: C . L . P roctor, c hairman; J . E . P ike, s~cretar)'; M , H . G riffing. D r. G . J . B orst. W . E . B ulkeley. W . F . D obbs, F . H . L ee. F . H . Bai~ley. T he & pecial c ommittee t o c ail o n M erchant\! i s c omposed o f D . E. L oewe, C. A. M allory. F . H . L ee. H . R . M cChesney. C. W . S tevens, J . C. D oran. T his c ommittee w ill a pPOint t he r egular m erchants' c ommittee. T he s pecial c ommitt ee o n m a.nufacturers a nd b anking i nstitutions Is c omposed o f H arry M cLachlan. C. A . M aUory, C. D . P arks. A . E . T weedy, A rnold T urn er. M. H . G riffing. . T he m embers o f t he c ommittee in c harge o f ~pecial p ledge c ards a re S. B . T readwell. J . H . C onnell. T he o rganizations c ommittee i .' c omp.osed o f I ra R . W ildman. J udge M artin J . C unningha.m, J . E dgar P llce. T homa s E . M eCloskel'. · T he c ommittee t o c all o n p rofess;ona.i m en i s c omposed o f J ' udge R . · A lexander, J udge M . J . C unniugham, R ev. J . M . D aly. R ev. .J. M. ? eyo, D r. S. F . M ullins, D r. N athan. l eI S elleck, D r. W . H . R ider. D r. C H . K aUffman. T h e m embers o f t he c ommittee o n o utlYing d istricts a re W . F . T omlins~n,. C. H . B rundage a nd G eorge M. N evlUs, mast~r o f t he l ocal g range .. T he c ommittee t o w ait o n f actory e mployes I S c omposed o f E . T hacher H oyt, E ugene A dam' a nd G. H . C rofut. T his c ommittee i s t o a pPOint i ts a sslstall t s. P ostmaster J ames E . C uff i s c hairman o f t he. c ommittAe i n c harge o t s ales a nd I S t o a ppoint h is a ssistants. M iss G ale R obinson Is c hairman o f t he T ag D ay c ommittee a nd w ill a ppoint h er w ork erI'\.. T Jte m embers o r t he w omen's c ommittee a re M rs. J . C. D owns M iss A llee B . W ile, M rs. J . W , G reen M rs . J ohn M cCarthy. M rs. ' C. D: P arks. M rs. W . H . F oley. ~~ s pecIal c ommittee t o c al! o n i ndiVidual s i s c omposed 0 1 G F G reen, S . C. P eck a nd T . J . B'~wen: T he m embers o f t he c ommittee o n o ut o f t own c orporations h aving b ranches i n D anbury a re C. S. P eck. r. E . P ike a nd A . S. D avenport. I �(i ;c 1~ :~ 11 y 1l :~ 10 'I I ~r1 ' Ii a ar c'l cl1 t Ju st w hat h as h appened t o t he g ood int entions o f t he D anbury I n d ll stria l c orporation a re n o t k nown a t t hi s t ime. T his c orpo r at ion w as f ormed f or t he p urpose o f p utting D anbury b ack o n t he l ilap a gain. a nd n early S 1 00,000 1I' 0rth o f STlaI=e:#; \ \'ere s ol(T TlY t he f inancial c ommittee. \\'hile t he o rganiza t io n b ad a r egu lar h oa rd o f direct()r~, a nd onicer ~ . a nd e verything'. T he c once l'l1 w as t o s pend t he m oney t hey c ollected fr0111 t he b usi·, n ess m en o f t he c ity in t he b etterment o f D anbury, a nd t he p lan \\'a .; t o d o it #Jllickly so t hat w ork m ight b e s ta rt ed a t Ollce o n m etal t rade i ndu stries. D anbury m en s ay t hey h ave h ad m an)'. m any o Ilers f mIll \'ariou~ m etal t rade i ndustries t o s ettle in t he J l attillg T u\\·n. b ut £ 01' !'onl#' u nknown r eason t hey h ave n ot t aken u p t he ()ff ~ r\. I t is f eared t hat t h e D aniJuryites a rc a l ittle o ver-cautious in t heir d ealings lI'ith t hese c oncern s. a nd w ant a l ittle t he b est o f t heir b argain f or. u p t o d ate, t hey h ave d one lI()thinZ o f a ny m oment. a nd t he i m'csted m oney is \\' aiting ; l " get r ich s cheme'" p romoted by s ome C et-Rich-Quick-Wallingf o rd a nd t h e b usiness lllen o f t h e ('it~· wi1l p robably b ite f or :; Ot11C l emon b efure t he e nd o f t he y ear, a nd t he b usiness m en will b e s ati lIed a nd .. ~tUllg·' b oth a t t he s ame t ime. T he officers o f t he c orporation c annot gi \'e a single s atisfactory r eason w hy t hey h ave n ot t aken u p t he q uestion o ( b ringing t hese m eta l i ndustrie s t o D anbury. I t is c ertain t hat a n umber o f s hops w ith s uch a tracle \\'ould be t he m aking o f Danbl11'Y d uring t he p eriod o f t he \ \':1 a nd a ttract l lluch n ew IJlood t o t he city, ----------------------------'1 1 'D ANBURY E VENING NEWS, S ATURDAY, S EP TEMBER 21. 'i fL C P UMBERS BUSY. O AL L I - ,New Factori es Add to Gen eral Increase of Busi ness. B u s in ess I s ~d b y p lu.roblng a nd h e ating c oncerns I n t his City, a s b eing, a t t h e p resent t ime, b etter thail~ ' t h as 'b een i n s ome yea1'8. T his ~c counted f or b y t he f act t hat a n u n- , p~cedented n umber o f p ropert y ow~ c r!! a re m aking I mprovementB t o t ht r p l ~ ces s uch a s r epa.lring h eat n g \ lant~ ' l aying n ew t in r oofs, I nstallIlfng ne'w g utters a nd o ther s uch I tem. a s B rc g enerally l eft f or t he f all o f t he . A lthough b uslnees I n t his l ine ~f!~YS p icks u p a t t his t ime o f y ea:' t he r ush o f b usine !ls s eems t o e . e rater t han u sual t his y ear. s o m u c h ~o t hat w ith t he s carcity o f l abor noW b~ing f elt . p lumbing f irms a re h aving c onsidera.ble diffic ulty I n h andling t he w ork. O ne l arge p lumbing fi~m ma.d~ t he a nnouncement t his m ormng, t ha i t w ould b e u nable t o t a.ke a.ny n ew o "ders f or a w eek , t aking t his s tep In o~der t o c atch u p w ith w ork a lready o n h and . T he f irm In qttestlo~ h as a t p r('sent f ifteen p lumbers o n I t s p ayroll a nd c ould u se t wice t hat n umbe'f i f s uc h w ere o btainable. ~ m emb er 0 t he f irm s ai d t his mornIn~ .. . . ']'h(' n umbel' o f n ew f actOlle s " . h l ch h a\'e loc ated In t his c ity s ince ~prln!!,. a lso a dds i ts s hare t o t he ,general i ncrea se i n b u si ness i n t his l~ne a nd is a la rge 1 stctor i n p romotmg t he b oom i n t his b usiness. I WILL INTEREST ENTIRE CITY I niustrial Campaign to Be Conducted on Wa r Drive Lines. I t i s e xpected t hat t he intensl~e d rive t o b e c onductetl. n ext w eek I n t he I nterests o f l ocal i ndulltrlal e xpansion w ill a rouse t he i nterest , o f t he e ntire c ity, a s i t i s t o b e . c arrIed o n a lollg t he l ines o f t he b ig c.a.mpal!Jll8 w ith w hich D anbury b ec a.me f amiliar d uring- the w ar . I nsteaci o f rallllng- money t or w ar p urposes , h owever, t his c ampai r;n i ll t o b e f or a n o bject t hat I s d istinotly p e aceful a o4 p roiT8ssive , t or t he tl&n4s t hat I t Ie d esigned t o s ecure w ill b e e xpended f or t he c onatructi oo o f n ew f actories, i n c onnecU e n wltih t he m ovement t o I ncr&ase t he n umber a nd d iversity o f t he c lty's I n«ustrles. A g eneral m eeting . t a ll t hose w ho a re t o t a.ke p art I n t he ~mpalgn h as b een c alled t or ~nday e vening a t e ight o 'c lock , I n t he b~nquet h all In t he b asement o f t he #tdd F ellows' b uilding o n W est s treet. T he committ e es c hosen a t t he m eeting- of t he g eneral c ampaign c ommittee F riday c \' e ning , a nd ' a nnounced y eeterdaY, a r e t o a ttend t his g -ather!olr a nd I t i s e xpe cted t hat a ll t he s tookholders o f t he I ndustrial C orporation a nd e veryone e lse w illing t o v olunteer t o a ssillt \ n a ny p art o t t he c ampaign wl11 b e p resent. T he p lans f or t he d rive . . r e to be discus.eed. a nd s ubscription b lanks d istrIbuted . " We s h all n eed t he a ssistance o f e v ery one i nterested I n t he m ovemel\t, i f w e a re t o p ut t h1s c ampaign o ver a s i t s h o uld b e p ut e ver," s a.id J ohn C. D oran, c hairman o f t he g enera! c ommittee, t o-day, " and w e h ape t o s e e e veryone whO' I . w illinS' t o t stke a h and i n t he w o r k a.t t he m~nlr M onday e ven ln tr. I t w ill b e a b ig t ask f or a f ew to ' h andle , b ut I t w ill b e e asy I f e veryone g ives h is o r h er a id ," -The p urpose o t t he c a mpaiKn, a s p resumably e veryone k nows, i s t o lIell a t l e as t $lS0,OOO m ore o f t he s tock o f t h e D anbury I nduBtrlal C orporati on , t o P l'ovl de f unds f or t he el,(#ctlon o f t he 'big f actory n ow u nder cOllstructlon f or t he K eystone I nsUtht F o od co. ., a,nd b ulldln!,S f or o iber 1 .dustnel!! t hat w ill I llcate i n t hie c ity i t f actOries a re m ade a vailable. C haJrman · .Deran . ald t o-day t hat I t w as e xpeoted t hat m erchant.e a nd m anufaoturers w ould c o-operate ' In t he m ovement b y m akin a' I t p os!tble t or t h e ir e mployes t o purohlUMl I Ihares lin e asy p a.yments , T he s hares a re t en d olla.rs ea.ch a nd a ny n umber, t rlml o ne u ., m a.y b e p urcabBed. T he l Iubsoriptions p reylolAsly m ade a re being- clu ed u p, a t ' he 0 1.,- National ·bank, a nd c ertilicatel!! f or t he s tock I ssued . T he c ommittee w as g reatly p leased t o-day a t t he r eceipt o f t eleph o ne mesag#e8 t rom f ormer D anbury D len I n t wo n eigh b ering c ities. O ne g ave a n o rder f or 100 share.#l o f t he ·stock c nd t he o ther s aid h e w ished t o e nter h is o rder t or t wenty s hares. B oth o rders w ere u nsolicited . I t I s e xpected t hat m any s uch o rders w ill b e r eceived d uring t he d rive. -The p oint w ill b e e mphasized t hat t he p urchase o f s tock Is a n a ctual I nvestment I n a b ualne58 e nterprise . T he I ndustrlai C orporation's f inancial e rport, a t t he a nnual m eeting a f ew w eeke a~, s howed t hat d uring t he f irst y ear o f I ts e xistence i ts IUlsets m ade a s ubsta.ntlal i ncrl'lase. I ndustrial b uildln« c01"po rations I n o ther c ommunities h ave .been a lmost u niformly s uoceS$tul, s tatistics s how, a nd t here I s n o r eason w hy t he Illcal e nterprise s hould. n ot b e a n e xcellent busineSoS, a s w ell a s t he m ost I mpor t ant a id t o d evelopment th& c ity h as e ver h ad. T he p ubllolty c ommitte e o t t h e c ampa.lgn I s s ecuring a v iew I n p erspective o t t he f actory t ha,t III b eing b uilt t or t he K eystone I nstant F ood C o., t o s how t he e xtent o t t his f eat . u re o f t he w ork I n h and . I o I , �DA~ B URY l'~' E.lU~G 1\TEWS. T CESDAY, ~EPTE}IBER 30, 1 919. . -,----- -,--------------------------------------------. J I Buy Stock in the Future of Your Own Home Town. Danbury is your town-And our town-And she's saying to each one of us-"Give me a hand, right ~ow, And the sky will be my limit." The greatest little city in the world To live in-:to work in--to be happy in. . Don't just WATCH her grow--Jump in and HELP MAKE her grow! Buy stock, this week, in the Danbury Industrial Corporation. Afford it? You can't afford NOT TO! What's Danbury~s population ? 20,000 ? Forget it! Let's make it 40,000 ! IT CAN COME TRUEIT'S UP TO YOU! -. . In t he h ope of being of some a ssistance in p utting D an· b ury " over t he t op," t he a bove is c ontributed b y THE HULL HARDWARE AND HEATING CO. I �DANBURY INDUSTRIAl.: BUILDINGS. T wo b uildings t he f irst o f a g r . . _ . , oup, n ow I n p rocess o f construotion f or t he Da.nbury I ndustrial CorporatIOn, to be occupled b y t he Keystone I nstant a re l ocated on Lemac avenue. Both t he buildings are of f ire-proof c onstruction. One is 6 0x160 f t., t wo stories, r e-inf r o" �DANBURY INDU T IAL B ILDINGS. T wo b uildings, t he f irst o f a g roup, n ow i n p rocess o f c onstruction f or t he u ry I ndustIia.l C orporation, to be' o ccupied b y t he K eystone I nst n t F ood Co. T hese b uildings, o f w hich S underland & W a.tson a re t he a rchItects. a re l ocated o n Leruac a venue. B oth t he b uildi gs a re o f f ire-proof c onstruction. One i s 6 0x160 f t., t wo s tories, r e-inforced c oncrete; t he o ther is 9 0x220, b rick a nd c oncrete. - - -- - - --- -- - , • I " ) or r • This Space .Co ntrbuted to the Danbury Industrial Corporation Drh 'e by the Danbury News. • • �I , .' DANBURY IND U TRIAL BUILDINGS. T wo b uildings t he f irst o f a g roup : . . , , , n ow m p r ocess o f c onstructlOn f or t he D n ury Indus t n~ l C orporation, to be' o ccupled b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood Co. T hese b uildings, o f w hich S underland & W a.tson a re t he a rchitect s, , a re l ocated on L emac a venue. B oth t he buildings a r e o f f ire - proof c onstructio n. One is 6 0x160 f t" t w o s tor ies, r e-inforced c oncrete; t he o th er i s 9 0x220, b rick a nd c oncrete. . . _ __ ·__ _ ·#_,. __ '_,.::...:. . ·. r_· _ . _. '" ~ �---- ---~ ~-~- 1)ANBUllY E VENING NEWS. CAMPAIGN IS UNDER WAY Enthusiastic Address at Meeting of " Drive " Committees. A ctl\'e wOI'k i n t he c ampaign o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation. t o r:;ecu r e a ddi t ional s tocl, H ub';cl'lptlOns t o t he I I m ount o f $1;;0,000, wa.,; LOomllIf'nccc\ t his m orning a nti l he c anvass w ill h e c arried f orwa I'd d uring 1h e p rE'llpnt w eek. H t he e nthusiasm t hat m arked l ast e l'E' l1ing's m epting o f t he y ndous ( 'ommittees a ppointed to UJrI'Y 0 11 t h e " drive" i s c ontagious, I tlH.'l'e ( 'an h ... n o d oubt a s t o t he i mmediate S lICl'ess o f t he e nterprise. O \,pr fif!.I· mE'n a nd w omen w ho a re t aking' p arI i n l ll" c anvass 'Were p re,,(-lit n nd J istent'cl t o " ,everal a dell'esHes l hat ",prE' fillpd w ith o ptimism a nd e nthuBiasll1 l ind t hey a r" e xpecte d t o " "read thE' " ph'lt o f t he m eeting t h l'oughol1t t hc c ity. J ohn F . D oran, c hai r ma n. o f' t he f 'ampaig-n c ommittee, p resided a nd a mong t he s peal#el's w ere F ra nl, H . 1 .ee , p .." siclenl o [ t he I nd ustrial C o rI ) Joration' M ayor W ill iam C. G ilbert, ( ,harlell .:.... ; \[allory, t he R ev. J o hn !VI. )1pyo. M arlin H . G riffing, JL:~ge Ma l~ j i n .1. C unningham, a nd V .llbur E. T omlinson. A t t he o utset C hairman D oran e xplainpd t he g eneral p lan o f t he d rivp, t old w ha t h ad b een a ccomplished h y 1h e r n(] IlRU'lfI I C orporatIO n , a n d aR\{... d fO I' t he f ull c o - operati on o f e veryone t o t he e nd t hat f actories m ay b e ( reetet! f or n ew i ndustries. M r. D orn n ~poke o f t he s uccess o f t he , corpOl-ation d ur in g t he f irst y ear Of . I i ts exi~lt'nC'e a nd s aid t h at t hat s ue('ps~ ju",URPrI i t" o fficers a n d m emb"rs i n ;1~ ' 111#' til(" s u pport o f a ll t he l leople o f t lte (OilY i n t he p r esent c:;Lmpni/-rl1- He ~aid t hat i f t here h ad b een #lny d oubl a:; t o t h e o bjects o r l he "lIece#'", o f t he o rganizat i on a t t he o utset. t he . .,uccess t hat h a.d b een a ttained m ust h aVe s wept t hem a ll ; twav. H n s poke e specia ll y Of U1e I ndust'rial C orporation a s a busin es~ e n lerl)l'i8C u.nrl s a id t h a t t h e p urchase o f i t..#; s loel, ' hould b e r ega l'ded i n t he l ight o f a ~afe in vestment, i nstead. o f a c ontribution t o a p ublic e nte r pnse. " Buying s lo('k i n t he D an b ury I nI ( ,ustrial C orporation I s a s m uch a r iuty t o rOUI' c ity a s t he p u rc h ase o f L iberty b onds d uring t he w a r w as a o uty y our c ountry," h e d ec la r e d , O nl y a S C aJt. H!'spol1l.Jlng 10 a r equest f r om C hatrman D oran f O I' a o a ddress, F ran k I I. L ee " ,poke i n a m ost o p timistic ,"pin r pfplTing t o' t he o ut l o o l~ f or t he f utllre o f D anbury. H9' s p oke o f r he s pirit o f c o-o ller ati on t hat d e':eloped d uring t he w ar a nd s a id thl!--t il h nd b een a n i mportan t r actor 111 l winging a b out t he p rogr e ss t h at h ad h een m ade s ince t hat t ime, H e s poke oj' t he c onditions t hat e x i sted a y e ar ~go, w hen l hp o uli'Ook s ee m en d a r k, t I 1111 o f t he c hange t h at h ad b een h rought a bout. H e s aid t hat D anbur\' h ad l ea r ned t he v alue o f c oopei-ation d uring t he w ar a nd t h at c o-operatiol1 o n t he p art o f e veryone w ai' neeCled i n t h e p rese n t m ove m ent. w hich i f cfLlTied t o t he s uccess t hat w as e 'xpected, w ou ld m ean m u ch t o t he c ity_ M r_ L ee #laid i t w as t rue t hat s omething h ad a lready b ee n a ccomplis h !'d, " ut f rom h is p o i nt o f v iew a " ,tart h ad r: h al'dlv h l'en m ade y e t , a nd w ith t he c o-operation o f e veryone i nterest ed i n lhE' w elfare o f t he c ity, g r pa t ' n chievements w ere pOl'Oftib le. H:e spol{e o f 1 h(# gp irit i n w hich t he d irectors o f t he T ndnstl'ial C orporation h ad givlO'n o f t helr t ime a nd e nergy l luring t he p ast ye~ I ' i n i nvestigating l he m anY i n dnstriell t hat h ad b een b rought ' to l heil' a ttention a nd s aid 1 hE'~- h"d w orkl',l l oyally a nd r aithfu ll y f or 1h I' h et t erment o f t he (~ity. H e . PI'pci i cter! t ha t i f t h!' I nd us l r ial to I TUESDA-r. S £PTEMBER C orp ot'atio n is g iven t he ' 1uppo r t i t s hould b ave , f ar g rea. t er t hing's w ill h e a ccom pli sh {) d i n t h e y ear l o c ome t han h a.ve b e en d one t hu s f ar. A P rofit t he l !'i rs t Y f.tU' , M 1'_ D oran a sked M artin H , G riffing-, t reasurer o f t he I ndustdal C orporation t o g i\'e a n o uillne o f t he ftnfll1(,lal c :ondilion o f t he o rganization, :Mr, G riffing e pJphMized t he p Oint t h al t he f unds o f t he c or p oration i nC'reasfld d uring t he y ear, t he r eee.ipis f l'om t he u se o f t he c apital s lock e xce d ing t he e xpenses b y a c onsidel'able m argin, e x"lusiYe o f a d\'ance p aYJuents o f r en t al f or f actories, T he a m ou n t l 'flicl o n s tock s ubscriptions i s $ 84,348,50, a a d t h e a~~els, e xclusive o f t he a dvance p ayml' n ts, a m ount t o $58{) m ore t han t hat f igu r ". :Mr. G l'iffing p ointed o ut t he f a ct t hat t he offi#;"l's o nd d irectors o f t he c orporation c ont rlb u ted t hei r s e r vi"es a nd p aid their J o w n e xpenses i n c arrying o n t he w ork o f t he o r·ganization. T he f inancial s howing o f t he cO I'pol'ation a t t he c onclusion o f i ts f il'sl )' par, hE' c on, s idered m ost e xcellent a nd o ne t hat s hould h aye g reat w eight w ith - prospectivE' n ew stoC'l,holdel·l#. C harles A . M aJl o l")" R pol,e b riefly i n r egard t o t he c o-opera t io n o f t he m anufA.cturers o f t he c ity w ith t h"il' e mp l oyes i n a rrangi n g f a I ' t he p urchase o f s tock. l \In.yor I s O p tilll is tie, M ayor ' Villiam C , G ilbert e xpress e d h is i nterest i n t he , m ovement a nd d ,,(' Iared t hat a t n o t ime d uring t he fO I' l y y ears t bat h e h ad b een a r eside n t o f D anbury hA.d t h" c ity b l'e n m ore p ros p ero u s or t he o utlool, fOlthe f uture m ore p romising, H e s aid h e c onl#idere d t h e s tock oC t he D a n bury I ndus t rial C orporation a g ood i m'es,iment, a nd a dded t hat h e a 1I'ea ny he1d s ome o f i t a nd e xpec t e d t o bu~' m are . _ T he m ayor s aid h e b ad a s urp flse y este r day w hen b e d rove d o wn t o t he l ower e nd o f t he c ity a n d S:;LW t he s Ize a nd n ature o f t he f ac t o ry Ibu ild ing's h eing e rected b y t he I nd ustrial COI'poration a nd t he n ew f acto l'y o ( D oran B roa. T he m a y o r r e f erred t o t he c ha n ge I hat h ad b ee n b rought a b o ut i n a f e.w m on t h s s aying t hat w here t h ere il# n o w a Ill~Ssing d emand f or r E'nts, m an y h o uses w ere v acant a y ear a go, a n d ' he e xpressed t he h ope t ha t I D,'n w ho h a\'e m oney t o i nvest w ould b uild h ouses t o m eet t his d emand, I n c o n cluding t he m ayor s aid h e b elieved t h ai f ive y ea.rs h ence, i f t he p resent. J 'ate o f p rogrel"S i s _ maintainer!, t he p opulation Of t he C Ity W Ill h e n en r el' 4.0,000 t han 25,000. , Vilbur F . T o m linson s ai d t h a t t he ~ale o f t he ~l50,OOO o f s tock w as s omething t ha t m ust b e a ccomplishe d a n d h e h ad n o d oubt t hat i t w ou ld h e d one. H e a ssured M r. D oran t hat t h e c ommittee t o v i6i\ p eonle i n t he O lltgide d istricts, o f w hich h e i~ c h air m an, " "ould g ive g oorl a ccount o f-,lself. D e , Yitl C, G ilbert, . Tnmes S . G regory, A l'thur R . l \IerC'hant, J ames H . "Murph)" a nd T rving G erry. h ave b een a dded 10 t hat c ommittee. C ommunity S pirit C ount s. J udge M artin J . C uonin#;l,am, ( IS h a irman o f t h e c ommittee 0 0 s ub:'#criptlons b y o rganizatio ns, m nd\ a dp~p i mpl'Pssion l 1pon t h l' g athp l·lug. h v h is p INt [ o r t ill' devC'l opmrnt o l t he ('onllnllnit~' s lIiJ'il i n t hl' ( ·ity. n t' " aid t hal t o h im Ih~ m O'-l'n]('l1t i n w hi('h t hry w #,n' png-ag('(l. I1!O'Anl s onwthing m ol'l' t han 11)(' 1"11~11Ig- tlf ~150,OUO tLl b u ild f nl·to r iN!. 0 )', t he I' r edion o f foUl' w nlls :Jut! 1111111g t l1#'f,1 w it h wOI'I,pr~ . " We h ay" g ot t o g(#t c Omntlmity s p ir it ," he' d t'c l ured, " a n d t h!' t!l1~O#. i~ a t h and J 'ight n ow w hl'rt c ommunIty s pirit m l ist b e a roused." , P rogTPssivpnp,,,, d o('s n ot n tP' l11 ) llItt ing u p t !'n, fiftpp lI 0 1' fin" h un(h'pd b uildings, h p s aid, b ut i t d ol'S m ran 30. 1919'. I tghat cr.ll a Hh t h e p eop le al'~ w or ldng t o-' I n ord e r t o r na I ((e ; , o y ( 'om-: TIl_ unity p rogressive, i t" p eople, w heth-j " J' e mp loyer, w orkl'l's, o r Irt##n a nd , W0111#o'n o f t he p rofessions, m lIRt ; rn t ogether a nd w ork a s n u nit. H" ndd##d t hat h e f ound i n t hi!; r-it.1' a d i sposiLion t o g l't togdh~r f ot' I w elfar" o f t he c ommu n ity C ontinuing, . Judge L 'un'1;ngh;:.m s aid t hat j f t h e p l'oplr h e W \t3 ;1 ctd r essing w ere g oing t o I "ave l il(' rOOM ~atisfif'd w it h t he f act t h at ~ h py h ud b ef'n u Hsigned t o a c oml11ittpl!_ t h e m eeting w ould bl' a f aill1l"'. To n eh i evl' SUCC'NlR , h e s a id, l hoy m ust t ake t hl' s p i rit o f t he n H'I'lillg ( jut a mong t h e p eople o [ t he c ity #tnd a ct af# a l eaven. H e ' Ir\led t hem t o g o o ut a n d t alk a bout t he l ndu,; t-rial ( 'o l-pora t ion a nd i ts " . :#1';;:, u n d t he p rog r ess t h e c i t y i s mGt kin:;- and t o h rlp ( 'reate t hroug h ont t he c ommunity t hl' s pirit o f e nthudi;1SlII u n d ( '0operation. " If t hese t hi ngs a r e d Oli(" h ,' s aid. " Danbur)' w ili b ecome "1. c ity i n w h ich i ts p eople w ill b e p r"u1 10 I i\(' ~uct t o w hi('h o t h er p eople w ill b ,' l 'roLld t o ( '01l1!' t o l h'e." T h(' R t'\' . .J oh n M , D ry'), p astor o f t h e F irst C ongregational c hul'('b, s poke i n a n opti m i~tic w a v fir ~he i mprov#'nH'nt t hat h e h ad ~' i llW~spd ~in('c h e h ud b ecome a D anburh u . H e s aid t hat h e m ade t he a ssPrt i ') 11 1' r om h is p ulpit, SOOll a ftl'l' h t' ( 'an,(' t o D anbury, t hat o ne o f t he thing~ t hat D anbury need~ d t o d o w as t() SLOP " apitul iz i ng h ar d l uck a nd I ,) aSclllll1l~ n d i ff(#r~nt a ttitude. H e s aid JII' h ad r egardeQ t he m oveme n t f or I h~ r cpadng o f t he s tree t s i n t he h usinrs~ s ection t he tir~t s tep i n t h is d iJ"'ctio'1 a nd e xpressed h is i ntrrest ill " nd Etp)ll'oval o f t he m () "ement towa,l'd'S Industrial e xpansion, a nd a ssl1rHl t he m eeting t h at h e w as r eady t o d o h IS p art t oward m aking i t a s W'l'ess. N otes o f t he D r i ve. T he h eadquarters o f t he c amnaiRn a l"e.in t hl? r ooms o f t he C hamber o f COlll111 " l'ce, i ll t he O dd F ellows' b uildiug o u , Vest s treet, w here, s ubscriptiol' c ards c an b e o ttained. T he t elephoue n umber i~ 1 30&. A . A. Hod~ h o n h as b een ac1(lcd t o t he 1'T# e cia I c o m mittee t o c ali a u t h e h,· I 1Uf-I·challt~. p lacal'tIR r eading: " S h ow f ailn a ud illt"re~t i lJ YOUI' h ome t o\\ u . ~ny s lock ill t he' D an bUI'\' l lltilll'tl'ial c Ol'pol'tlliolJ. D anbury w ill L arg#' ~-t)Lll' 11(' u#' i lig [ )I# Da ll ll\ll'iall~ mal#;. i t," h al'£! h pPII n lacp( l i n HtOI'" \l"llldoWR l )r .. f lllghoul I hf' c il)·. ' I'h(' g(,lIpI'[I11 .. " mm, i llN' m al,-es I t ),f'ft ues t or e n"'" I ))) el'C'ha I I t t o gi\'~' t h cse c a rtl~ a s 111, ., minPllt a , 1iilplay a s ]) o,:-;i l1 l", i ll o rde!" t ha t t h ey m ay h e e ffE'ct ive i n I 'ieling t he w ork. l I Window of I WOOGruff Store. A d rawing i n p erspectiv e o f t he f actoloy w hich i s b eing e rected b y t h e D anbury I nd u srtlal C orporation f or o ccupapcy b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood C o " w as p laced o n e xhibitio n t his a fternoon i n o ne o f t he s how w indows o f t he s tore o f . John F , W oodruff & C o. , w here i t i s a t tra c ting m uch a ltention, T he p lans f or t he f actor y b uildings w ere m ade b y S unde r land & W atson , o f t his c ity, w ho a re a lso I 'ngaged i n o ther i mportant w ork i n c onnection ' t'\'ith n ew i ndu s tri a l a c tivities , T he m ain b uilding. w h?ch i ~ t o b e t wo s tories h igh, i s 9 0x22f) f eet i n g rGund d imensions, a nd i s o f r .'en forced c on c rete c onstruction. Th e o ther b uilding , w hich i s t o b e c onstructed o f b rick a nd e te '! l, w ill h e o ne s tory h igh a nd 6 0x160 f eet i n s ize, T he b uilding w ill b e t he p ropert y - of t he D anbury I ndustrial C orpornti on a nn w ill b e l eased t o t he K ey stone C o., w hich w ill hav~ tl1#1 p rlv- I i lege, B oth b uildings w ill b e 1: 0 ' c onstructed t hat i n t he e vent t hat s uch a n eccesity a rises t hey w ill b e I luitable f or o ther i ndustries. I T he one-~tory b uilding w ill b e u sed b y t he f ood c ompany l argely f or s tora ge p urposes, b ut i s s o con~t r ucted t ha t s
tand:1rd s teel f rame w indows c an r eadily b e i nserted, t hu'.! e o n vel't ing i t i nto a l ight, a iry f actory. I �_~_ I W iring f r-"HAT MACHINERY AND TURNER TURRETS, ..... e ctri c L ight a nd P ower . AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., of AUTOMATIC-SEALING BURIAL VAULTS 'I I I 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t ., D an bur y. THE STEVENS-HODGE CORP., . S pecialis ts i n Factory Insurance. f or t he t rade, A nd J obber o f B ed Spring~ . 6 0 M oss A ve ., D anbu ry. F actory- Daley' s La ne . T h E' H ("" ' ic'(,!1 o f . ' xp(' ,·ts I 'lIrn lshNI f re(' I II d ('t(,Mninil1g' ('011 st r-u et l o ll ( 'col1omies to s ec ure l o\\'('s( i nSUl'l lll CC r atcs . / 2 26 Main S t ., D anbury . T elephone 2 14. I I I I I F INE F UR H ATS. C apacit y 2 , 500,000 T elephone 1 71 . LUKE F. SWEENEY, MILL CONTRUCTION AND GENERAL CONTRACT WORK OF ALL KINDS. ' (1:1: - -" - F or I llumination, H e a t a n d P ower . O ffice-238 M ain S t . T elephone 3 0 . P l ant- P ahquioque Ave . COLUMBIA HAT CO., M anufacturers o f STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH 2 6 M ontgomery S t ., B arnum's C our t, H eads a Y ear . D anbury . N ear No rt h S t ., D anbury. P owe r S t ., D anbury . T ELEPHONE .3 7 O. T elephone 7 70. tHE~~~~~~e~~·::NC., THE HULL HARDWARE AND PLUMBING CO. Electric Motor Trucks. BAXTER HOT AIR FUR NACE. DAVIS & HINE ROUGH HAT CO., M anufacture rs o f MEN 'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. P owe r S t., D anbury . 9 -27 R iver S t ., D anbur y. T elephone 7 3 . The Industrial Directory MEDIUM AND HI GHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. T elephone 1 80 . 3 9 R ose S t ., D anbur y. - CAl&-. - - 4-V"U"",I; 'I;r.a; o T eleph one 1 36 . M anufacturers o f t he 1 83 Mai n S t ., D a.nbury. T ELEPHONE 2 4 . JOHN WGREEN & SONS, H. McLACHLAN & CO., . M an ufacturers o f 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury . I .. GAS AND ELEr.TRICITY --- n ~ ,_.-- . ' T elephone 3 9. THE SHORT HAT CO., I " HI -LO " F UR , I F ELT H ATS. T ELEPHONE 1 448. I T elephone 8 55. THE HILL & LOPER CO., ( H. LONDA, M ATTRESSES Tel. 1 207 . Ri ve r S t ., D anb ury . D anbury , Conn. W m . F . B uzaid, P resident a nd M an ager. M anufacturer o f All K inds o f Stays, M iUinery B oxes, W ood B oxes . M anufacture s o f GELATINE AND GLUE. T elephone 1 59. CORRUGATED AND FIBRE-BOARD 4 36 M ain S t . Waste, Skins , Etc., B eaver S t., D anbur y. 3 36 M ain S t ., D anbury . H at HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS , HAT TERS' FUR S, s tee l T ('-IIIc o II ('r('t#.'. \ \' 111 l a st t hrouj{h t h(' , ./t#'S. S o ld t hrough u ndl' rtnk c r s A lld d ('lh'crN'! t o a ny p oint \ \'It h i n f lft y m ile6 . W M('l"fl r oof('d I I H AT ~ANDS A ND B RAIDS , THE MUTUAL FUR ITHE FRANK H LEE CO., . CUTTING CO ., INC. M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f r o r(' (# d CONTAI~lERS, B oxes, R ings a nd T ELEPHONE 8 00 . Iron and Brass Foundry. W. F. TOMLINSON CO., THE CLARK BOX CO., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 1 7. T eleph one 9 08-2. ~anufacturers 3 9 P ahquioque Ave ., 2 8 - 40 M aple Ave., D anbury 3 10 M ain S t. , D a nbury. I WOOD ALCOHOL , ______ , HATTERS ' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. .' I Will Appear i n The News Tues d ays a nd S aturdays. M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADES OF SOFT AND STIFF HATS. FINE FUR FELT HATS IN P ah qu ioque Ave., D anb ury . T elep hone 1 9 . THE ROUGH. R owan S t. , D anbury. T e le phon e 3 55. 1 -_-------= Da nbury 's industrial development is a matter of ~\~_ _ _ _ _....I .1 ':::::::::;;;;;;;=:;=~ ! ~reate st interest to the people, not only of Danbury 1"- - - - - - - --=---., - ---------'--== but of the many communities of which this city is the geographical and trading center, and to hundreds of people who are desirous of making this city their home. Danbury's industries are becoming more and more di. versified, as the reader can readily see by these cards. _ 1 I I �DA:KBURY EVE~TJNG au DA BEAVER BROOK / PAPER MILLS, INC. J as. E. G allagher , P res., n lanufacturers o f WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIALTIES. Y SEPTE~rBBR 30, 1919. I AL D IRECT I NDUST n lanufacturers o f High-Grade Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. 4 3 F oster S t. , D anbury. T ELEPHONE 7 00 . I E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, I M anufacturers o f i n lanufacturers o f WINTHROP AND I. Hoyt-Messinger Corp., H ATS I N T HE R OUGH. n lanufacturers o f BALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. I i ! I I R ose S t. · D anbury. I T ELEPHONE 2 63 . n laple Ave., D anbury. I . T ELEPHONE 4 09 . I . IMPERIAL SILK WORKS, n lanufacturers o f n lanufacturers o f HAT BANDS, BRAIDS HEMERSON" HATS. F actory-North E nd, I We could fill a half dozen modern factory build ings IMMEDIATELY with substantial industries, if we only had the factories. Let's put em up . UNDERWEAR, N ew • J . EDGAR P IKE , S ecretary. S treet a nd n lontgomery S treet , D anbury . B "IUldl F a CLOI ' ;es I II ...... v.. B r ew s t e r . X . B e lhel. ( 'Ollll . E very Citizen o f D anbury T horpe S t ., D anbury. D anbury. Tel. 1 4 . i THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. AND CORDS. ~lIl\l"· IOII . Y .. I lnd C hestnut S t ., F oot E ast L iberty, D anbury, C onn. I MACHINE CONTRACTING And all k inds o f WELDING AND BRAZING. 5 6-58 E lm S t ., D anbury. THE CONNECTICUT GLUE CO., n lanufacturers o f P URE R ABBIT S KIN G LUE. B eaver S t ., D anbur1 . T elephone 1 69 . PATRICK DURKIN, I SIMON & KEANE, M anufacturer o f M anufacturers o f Awnings and Tents. , 1 2 M allory S t. , D anbury . Tel. 8 6 . T ELEPHONE 2 99. T ELEPHO N E 2 11 . a nd A ccessories . i[ Is invited to become a shareholder in this organi· zation-put YOUR shoulder to the wheel , that Danbury's industries may grow in number and diversity. ~ THE MURPHY-GORMAN COMPANY. Substantial Factories ! Attract Substantial Danbury Manufacturing Company. ndustries. : N AINSOOK I I I C utters o f R ose S t ., D anbury . T elephone 3 47. C ORSETS, P APER B OXES The ·Ellis Contracting and Welding Co., PECK FUR CO., H ATTERS' FURS, ' 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury. THE BALL & ROLLER BEARING CO. ! I HELP DANBURY. 7 - 9 R iver S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 9 9. T elephone 1 674. I I HATTERS' MACHINERY, REGAL HATS. I i H ighland A venue. , D ORAN BROS., M anufacturers o f Manufacturing Co., T EL E PHONE J 380. F. W. TWEEDY & CO., WARNER BROS. CO., I - Goods M ade H er e G o to A ll P arts o f t he \Vorld. R Y. 1 ~--------------~ I Danbury Electrical D ANBURY I S A B USY P LACE W rTH A C ONSTANTLY \ NIDENING D IVERSITY O F I NDUSTRIES, M ETAL BALL CO., n lills-Beaver B rook, D "nbury. \ N EWS, T UESDAY. .----------------~~----------------==============================~==~: STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH. T aylor S t ., D anbury. T elephone 2 31. ~--------------~~--------------~ THE FRANK H. LEE CO., MACHINERY DIVISION, GEORGE A. McLACHLAN, THE MALLORY HAT CO., Danbury Square Box Co., D. E. LOEWE &CO., M. H. SCHLITTER & CO~, M anufacturers o f M anufactvrers o f M anufacturers o f M anufacturer o f P rod u cers o f n lanufacturers o f A LL K INDS O F F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH, M ALLORY F INE F UR F ELT H ATS , F IBREBOARD S HIPPING C ONTAINERS S OFT F UR F ELT H ATS. HIGH·GRADE MEMORIAL R iver S t., D anbury, Conn. 1 4 E llsworth Ave ., D anbury. PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. P ower S t. , D anbury. T horpe S t ., D anbury . '- I D anbury, C onn. ~_ I-I_. _ And Snll~r J) ~Ilj)_ t \'#L/.' u.'-'A- - " ' "' - - - A CEMETERY WORK. �-·I T HE D ANBUltY K E\VS .. O CTOBER SF VENTD 1. 1919. DANBURY INDUST AL BUILDINGS. RI Two buildings, t he f irst o f a group, n ow i n p rocess o f c onstruction f or t he D anbury I ndustrial O orporation,. tQ b e o ccupied by t he K eystone I nstant F ood 0 0. T hese b uildings, of which S underland & W atson a re t he a rchi. teets, a re l ocated on L emac a venue. B oth t he buildings a re o f f ire-proof c onstruction. One i s 6 0x160 f t., t wo s tories , re.inforced c oncrete t he o ther i s 9 0x220, b rick a nd c oncrete. F ARMERS A ND V EGETABLE GROWERS LIVING IN T HIS V ICINITY And for a radius of many miles around, will readily see what an industry like the Keystone Instant Food Co. mea ns to them. The Company will purchase hundreds and hundreds of tons of vegetables each season. The long brick building shown above is for' tile sio!'age Ol tr?se products of the soil. The two-story con crete building is where they il l be prepared for the consumer. The Danbury Industrial Corporation needs the encouragement and the financial _ _-"'~~Lcl~JIl o f &:lV&:lr:ll ffisiden' of Ile ouiJl/lna distdcts '. t towns FOR DANBURY IS THEIR MARKET, and the larger Danbury becomes the larger and better a market they have. ALL SHOULD JOIN in this movement, ~ -_ .&. • •_ ____ ..J L.. _.... ","',... . _____ di:.a.:;'"" _ ~ _ fn. _~U""' _ ~\J b _ hthJ �. ,....._ ....... --"""'""-- OCTOBER 1 . 1919. WILL BENEFIT EVERYBODY. ' .rbere I s p robably n obody 1n Danb\ll'~' o r t he c O\ultry i mmedi· a tely s urrounding D anbury w ho w ill n ot b enefit 1lI01"C o r l ess d lreetly f rom t Ile s u('cess o f t he D1.0Vernent t o I ncrease t be n Wllbcr a nd 1 l1"l'r. I IUy oC t he l ndustries o f t hl c ity a nd c onsequently t he can~us" f or t be elLle o f t Ile 8 tock o f t hc D anbury I ndustrial C orporation I s b eing c ar· 11f:'d t o t he f armers a nd p rorluC(,I'S o f f ood s upplies w ho f ind t heir p rincipal m arket h erc, a s w i'll a s t o til{' a ctual r esidents o f t be c ity a nd tOWll, ~lore I nduMrles l ll('an i nel'cas('d p opulation a nd i nCl'l'al'ed p C!pulatlon nJ.(.'a,,~ a g reater d .'maud f or f arm I n'oducts RDd a w ider a nd b etter m m'ket l Or p roduce o f a ll k inds, . Just a t p rcsent, h owe,'e r, a n cntircl~' D ew o pportunity f or t he f al'JUt' 1" I s b eing d eveloped h ere t broug)1 t he l ocation l u t bJs clt~ o f t he f ood COlI\pall~' fOl' w hich I I. f actory i s b ('lng e rected. T his c oncern e xp('cts t o u se h llllll'nSe q uantities oC v egetables l ind o ther p roduce I n I ts buslnt'!18 a nd o n(' o f t be b ulldIngs u nder c om,It'uNion I s a. w arehouse o ver 2 00 f eet I n l engtb, t o h ' u ,;ed e xclusl"c1y Cor t he s tomg'c o f u ch s uppll('S, T bus t he W 01'1;: b eing d one b~' t he I lIdllstl'ial C OllJOl'ation m akes a s trong a ppeal 1 0 t he l unDeI'. A g l't'ater d l"ersity o f i ndustl'ic5 w ill r esult n ot o nly I n 1 l1cl'eased b usiness f or t be ~nan w ho d oes b uslllt'SS h Cl'C, w hether f armer, m el'chant, o r m anufacturer, b ut I t w Hl m ean t he s tubilb.a.tJon oC t he w hole i ndusU'ial f ahl'lc u pon w blch t he pt·OSIWI·lty o f t be ( 'ollllllllnity r ests . H w ill m ean t hat " busy s eMons" a lld " slack e asons" w ill n o l onger e xist, s o f ar a s t ht' c ommunity u s a w hol(' I s c OIJ('cl'ned, I t w ill m ean I I. b usy oH,Y a ll t he y ear ' rollnd. E mJlloyes a l'e j ust a s 1ll.1Icb c oncern c d i n t he I no,'enuml a s #'#JllploYN'S, Cor e\'cl'~ ' l lew I n({\IH!t·y c reates I nany n ew O l#pol'tuniHcs f or e mployJuent, BOOSTERS EAT INSTANT FOOD " Products of Danbury's Latest Industry Served at Weekly Luncheon. F ifty m embers o f t he B oosters L unch C lub Of D anbury p artook o f f oods p repared b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood c ompany, D anbul'y'!' l atest i ndustry, at t he w eekly m eeting a nd l uncheon o f t he c lub a t ~he H otel G reen t o-day. O ne-half o f t he g athering wa.s s erved w ith c lam b l'Oth w hile t he o lher h alf w as s erved g umbo s oup a nd a ll w ere g iven a ~m all p ortion o r cOl'11ed b eef h ash. T he f oods w ere p repared b y A ugustus G ay, c hef o f t he c ompany, o n a g as l ;(ove t emporal'Uy s et u p i n t he b anquet rO$jll o f t he h otel. T he z est w ith w hich t he d ishes w ere e aten t ea- I t ifted t o t he p leasure t hey a fforded t h e p ain t es o f t he l unchers. On a ( able I n t he r oom w ere d isplayed s amples o f t hese s ame f oods In t heir d Nlsicated f orm a nd a fter t he m eal \ \ aR o ver t he & ,athering wa,~ " hown t hree s mall p apPI' b ags. O nP o f t hese, t he s mallest, h ad c ontained a ll t he ~lam b roth. i n i ts d ry f orm, f or t he m eal; a nothlll', s lightly l at'ger, h ad ( 'ontained t he g umbo, w hile t he t hird h ad h eld a ll o f t he h ash. T his w as t he f lrst t ime t hat m any a t t hose p resent h ad s een a ny o f t he f oods p repared b y t he n ew i ndustry H nd t hey w ere m uch i mpressed w ith t he d emonstration. O thers w ho h ad n ot o nly s een t he f oods b ut h ad a lso e aten s ome o f t hem, e xplained t o t he u ninitiated 8 omethin&, a bout t he p rocess a nd d emonstl'ated t hat t hey w ere m embers I n g ood s tanding Of t he B oosters c lub, i n t hat t hey s urely " boosted" t he w ork a nd p I'oducls o f t be c ompany. ' D r. W illiam E dward F itch, o f N ew Y ork c ity, w as t he s peaker a t t he m ee ting. H is s ubject w as " Food P reservation, C oncentration a nd C onRerwltion i n R elation t o N utrition." O n l he s ubjE'ct o f p t'eservalion o f f ood h e s aid t hat i t a ffects t he I f ood s upply b y m aldng i t p ossible t o ~ u tilize In l imes a nd p laces o f r elative s earciiy, p roducts w hich a re a vailable I n a s eason a nd r egion Of a bundaneE'. T he m eans p l'lneipa ii'Y u sed a re de~~icatlon, c anning. p ickling-, r alting, s moking, l ow t m perature, f reezing a nd " pecial c hemicals. " Modern b acteriology h as p laced c leanliness a s a p reservative v alue i n c onnection w ith J aw t emperature." h e s aid, g iving a s a n e xample, t he k eeping o f m ilk. I n t he o pinion o f DI'. F itch. n o s inple prp~el'\'ation dpviC'e e xcels ( hat o f dp~sication. a s in t he a bsence o f m oisture d ecay i s a rrested. T he s ucce"sful d eHsication o f m ilk h e p Ointed o ut a 8 a u u p·to-date accomrili~hment H e R poke o f thE' d iftkulties e ncountel'ed in p resel'ving f oods a nd r elalning t heir f ood v alues, e~pec iallr p rotdns, f or n ut/·ition . I n I he C !tIN'. h e p ointed o ut. n utrition ha~ a t endency t owards r efinement b ut h e s aid t haI t he d iet o r t he w ell-to-do i s n ol h e althful f or t he r eason t hat t oo - much m eat i s u "ed. T h e wOI'king-mau, h e c ontended, d oes n ot w allt p roteins o r R lmllar toodH t o i mpl'ove hlR d!flt. h e w ants m pat b pcause i t i~ a , m atter o f p ride w ith h jm. A d ifference b etween t he d ailv f al'p o t t o-day a nd t hat a t fift~' y ears a gn. h e p ointed o ut, i s i n t he f llel'cased s upply o r g reen y pgelables t hl'oughoUt m ost o f t he y ear, d ue t o iI" p roved method~ o f t ransporta' , a nd s toragl', a · w ell a s g rowinp' .('I n ing a nd p reserving. I l �") T HE D ANBURY NEWS. \VEDNFSDAY. OCTOBER f, 1919. " The n utl'moo o f t he g reat m ass o f p eople i s q uestion o f r p ortance," as aid D r. F itch,h ighest I mI " desel'ving CAMPAIGN IS GOING WELL Merohants of City Subs cri be for $20 ,000 of . Stook on First Day. C hairman J ames F . D oran, o f t he I'" g eneral c ommittee o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation s tock c ampaign. s aid t his a fternoon t hat .hI' a nd a ll t he m embers o f t he c ommittee w el'e g ratified a t t he .evidence~ o f i nterest i n t he c ampaign f und w herpvet' t he c anvassers g o a nd t he r s plendid r esponse b eing m ade t o t he c all f or s trong l inancial s upport f or t he m ovement t o i ncrease t he c ity's i ndustrial r esources. . " The r esults a ttained t hus f ar a nd t he e ncouragement t hat w e a re r eceiving f rom a ll s ources a re e xceeding o ur e xpectatious," S aid. I ?oran " and t bere i s e very I ndication t hat t he p eople o f t he c ity a re bo.th d eeply i ntere.·ted I n t he I ndustnal C orporation a nd i ts w ork. a nd a live t o t he o pportunity t hat i s a t h and t o t ake p art i n o ne o f t he m ost p ro.mising e nterprises f or t he U pbUlldlllg o f t he c ity t hat D aobul'y h as e ver u ndl'l'taken." T he r etul'ns i n h and u p t o n oon t o-day w ere n ot s ufficient t o m ake i t - possible to m ake a c omplete r eport o f t he ~ubscriptions r eceived d uring t he f irst d ay o f t he c ampaign, b ut t he ~pecial m erchants' c ommittee r eported s ales t otali n g $ 2 0 ,000 t o m erchants a lone a nd o ther s ales s ufficient t o b ring t he t otal o f t he d ay's w ork b y t hat c ommittee t o $ 33,000. I n t he I nitial s tock s ales, c onducted a bout a y ear a go, o ver s ixty p er c ent. o f t he s ubscriptlans w ere. m ade b y m aD u facturers. A n e ffort i s. t o b e m ade d uring t he p resent c ampa.l gn t o r everse t he o rder o f t hings a nd c rl'dit t he m ajor p art o f t he s ubscriptions t o : "'1erchants. I I e i s p ointed o ut t hat m erchants. o wners o f r eal e state a nd o thers w ho ' p rofit m ore d irectly f rom t he g eneral p rospnity o f t he c ommunity, w ill g ain fal" m ore t hrough a n i ndustrial h oom t hon t he m en w ho a re e ngaged \I w holly o r p rincipally i n m anufactur- \ i n g e nterprIses. T he g eneral committ~e l 'eceived a r eport t his m orning f rom t he s pecial c ommittee t o w ait o n o rganizations, t hat t he K nightH o f C olumbus, a t t heir m eeting l ast e vening, e ndorsea t he i ndustrial m ovement, a nd i nstructed t he t reaRurer t o s ubscribe f or $ 100 ' Worth o f t he s tock o f t he I ndustrial C orporation. T he K nights o f C olumbus a re t he f irst i n t he c ity d uring t he p rescnt c ampaign t o t ake s uch a ction a s a n o rganization, a nd i t i s e xpected t hat o thers w ill f ollow t heir e xample. _ ' I'o-morrow a d esign r epresenting a m iniature f actory w ill b e p laced i n p osition o n t he r oof o f t he F anton b uilding, a t t he c orner o f M ain a nd E lm s treets, o ver C ulhane's d rug s tore. Thi~ w ill b e s o a rranged t hat a r ow o f " oricks" caD b e a dded t o r epresent e ach $ 10,000 o f s tock s ubsCI'ibed f or. " Watch t he b uilding g row," w ill b e t he s logan. I M:. I , f ar m ore a .ttention t hat I t h as h itherto r eceived. A ll t he g reat c ountries : c ught t o h ave a c entral a utholity, a , food ~ommisslon, w hich s ho'uld c oncern i tself e xclusively w ith t he f arreaching q uestions o f t he w ellbeing c f tl1e p eople . . T he mat~ri~l_as i t lie~ h ef 1 re u s t o-day i s v ery m complete, b ut s uffices t o i ndicate t he m ain l ines o f u seful w ork." O f t he p roducts o f t he K eystone 11)stant F ood c ompany D r. F itch s aid: " The a cme o f f ood p reservation, c oncentration a nd c onservation h as b een 3 t tained b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood c ompany. T heir p roducts, o f w hich y ou k now s omething a nd w ill k now m ore, r epresent t he l atE'st s ()ience io n utrition, c oncentration a nd c onservation." T he t alk b y DI'. F itch w as g iven bE'fore t he l uncheon w as s erved. T he s oup c ourse w as p rovided b y C hE'f G ay f rom t he p roducts o f t he l lPW c ompany. T he c ornE'd-beef h ash wa~ s erved d uring t he l uncheon s erved b y t he H otel G reen. A . S helton D avenport, c hairman o f t he e xecutive c ommittee · for O ctober, p resided t o-day, ' A t t he c lose o f t he l uncheon, M r, D avenpol't c aliE'd o n D . E . L oewe, c hairman o f thE' c ommittee n amed r ecently t o s ee i f b etter s hipping f acilities c ould n ot b e s ecured. M r. L oewe s aid t hat t he c ommittre h ad s ecured a l ittle i mprovement i.n s ervicl',but t hat t h'ere w as s till m uch t o b e d l'sired. He r ead a l etter f rom t he c hairman o f t he t raffic c ommittee o f t he S tate M anufacturers' a ssociation, i n w hkh q ue:tlOns 'con~el'ning t he -local s itua" t ion w ere a sked. ' rheBe r elated t o t he a mount o f g oods s hipped, t imes o f ~hipment a nd d l'stinatioos. M r. L oewe s aid t hat hI! f elt t hat a s s oon I lli t he i nformation i s ' obtained a nd f orwarded t he s tate c ommittee w ill a id i n b ringing a bout b etter s ervice. J amps F . D oran, c hairman o f t he g -eneral c O'ffimittee o n t he I ndustrial C orpor i on d rive, a id t hat i n a ll t he d riyes o f t M.. p aijt t wo y ea.rs n e I h ad n ever s een o ne s tart o ut w ith , t he v im t hat t his o ne h as d one, a nd , he c reated a pplause w hen h e s aid t hat t here r; ready w as p ledged o r I n s ight $50,00(1 a nd h e p 'redieted t hat j w ith t he a mount p reviously s ubAcrib· e d, :$250,000 w ould b e i n h and b y t he e nd o f t he d rive. . .1 u dge .r. M oss I ves, r eceiver o f t he s Lrret r ailway c om p an):. s aid t bat t il" l 'ompany h ad b een h andicapPE'd i n s ecuring h elp f o,' i ts s hare o f t he ~treet i mprovement w ork b ut i t n ow h ad a g ood c rew a t w ork a nd h e f elt ( 'onftdent t hey w ould k eep a head o f t he B lakeslee c ompany m en. C hair'lnan D ayenport a nnounced t ha.t n o m eeting w ould b e h eld n ext W ednesday b ut t hat o n O ctober 15, a m ember o f t he B ridge)Jort· h ousing o mmittee w ould b e p I'esent a nd i n a ddition t o a t alk o n t he h ousing ) Jro'h lems o f t hat c ity w ould s how m oving p ictures i llustrating s ome o f . t he- difficulties e ncountered t here. T hose p l-esent a t t o-day's m eeting w ere: T he f ollowing w ere p Tesent: W ar.ren C. M ercier, J . E . D oran. D r. W illiam ,E. F itch. F rank P . F arrell, A. A. Hod~hon, J amel' F . D oran. A rnold T urner. C, L . P roctor. A . E . T)J\'eedy, T . C larl# H ull, J . E dgar P ike. · D. E . L oewe: H . R . M cChesney: G eorge W . Dooald~on, J ohn F . R eese. F . S. K omI'. F . E . Q ueeney, 1\1. F . R yan. A . H . F ilI I_n'. L . O . ' l'iITI'JI, R e\". J . 1\1_ D eyo. 1\1. C . L oewe. L . L. H Ubbell. G €'orgp F . Gl'ef'I1, C . R Pf'cl#, G eorge F . S hepard . .T. 1\1oss I \'es, I". C. B rown, VV. P . G uinan. M artin J . C unningham. R . ' F . F o t el', J ohn F . W oodruff, W . F , T omiinson, ' Y. H . R edfield, L . R . H eim, J ohn M oote, ' Wliliam " West, H . B . M allory, E . F . D avis, F . P . R ollins, F , H . L ee. H arry M cLachlan. ' Winfleld S . H olman. · Willard R . S mith, F ranciS S. H aynes. G. E . H amilton. G. E . Yon G al. J!l. G reen, L . D . H itchcock . .J. ' Y. G rel'lI I a nd A. S. D a\"pnport. I IT., -.1 �SDAY. OC O BER 2. 1:919 • .:t DANBURY INDU iRIAL' UIL I G. T wo buildings, t he f irst o f a g roup, n ow i n p rocess o f c onstruction f or t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation, t o b e occupi cts, a re l ocated on L emac a venue. B oth t he b uildings a re o f f ire-proof c onstruction. One i s 6 0x160 f t., t wo s tor i s , re-infor / -.. b y t he K eystone I nstant F ood Co. T hese b uildings, o f w hich S underla nd & W a t son a re t he a rchic oncrete t he o ther i s 9 0x220, b rick a nd c on crete. SIXTY THOUSAND DOLLA S' WOR OF S 1\RES SUB CRIBED FOR IN TWO DAYS The peoplE; of Danbury are responding nobly to the call-they recognize the need of rnoaem factories to attract substantial industries. The drive this week is to r aise $150.000 or ,nore to erect factories like those shown nove. Everybody should have a share In this project, it means so much to Danbury and to them individually. THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. �t~-OUSANDS POUR IN FOR NEW FACTORIE h ouse c anvass w ill b e m ad e i n t he o utlying d istricts n ext S unday. T his c a nva s w ill b e u nder t he d irection o f ' Vilbul' F . T om l in son, c hai rm an o f t h e c ommittee o n o utsido d istricts. A h ouse-to-house c anvass I n t he c ity i s a lso t o b e m ade, C hairman D oran said t o-day. T h e f ollowing i s a p artial J iSt o f T he " drh e " o f t he D anbury I ndus· t he s ubsc ription s \ 'cceived b y t he t rial C orporation t o r aise f unds t o s everal co mmitt e(!~: e xtend i ts c ampaign f or a b igger a nd l \L4.NUFACTUHERS' C OUl\fi'lTEE. b usier D anbury i s s winging f orward F rank H . L ee C o. ..... . . . . . , 10,000 a t a p ace t hat i s m eeting a ll t he T he H . l \IcLachlan C o. . ... . 5 .000 e xpectations o f t he m en b ehind t he D . E . L oewe & C o. . ..... ..• 2 ,5 00 m ovement a nd C hairman J a.mes F . B all & R oller B earing C o.. . . . 1 ,000 H arrison H oyt ( Lee's) . . • ... 1 ,000 D oran, a t t he g eneral c ommittee, a n · A . A . H odshon . .. ...... ... j , 000 n ounced t his f orenoon t hat t he r e- H . l \[cCltu-sn ey . .•...•...•.• 1 .000 p ort s o f t he p rincipal c ommittees i n- D oran B rothers . .... .. • . . . 1 , 000 dic ate d a t otal o f o ver 6 ,000 s hares ' l'he M urphy-Gorman C o. . ..• 5 00 s ubs c ribed f or, u p t o t hat t ime. G eorge F . h epard, B ethel . . ; ;00 C hairman D oran s poke I n e nthus· T he I '. D . T weedy C o. . ..... i'i00 i astic t erms o f t he e nergy w ith T ho T argett L aundry .. . . . . 5 00 w hich t he m erchants o f t he c ity a rc T he G eorge l \loLach.lan C o.. . 5 00 t aking h old o f t he e nt erprise, a p ar· J oseph. L ee . . . ............. 5 00 t ial l ist o f t he s ubscriptions a va ilable D anbury H atters F ur C o. . . . . 2 50 t o-da.y s howing e ight een i ndividual T he F 1llow A uto C o. . ...... 2 00 o r f lrm s ubscriptions f or $ 1,000 e ac h T he M etal & 11 Co. . .... •.. 1 00 b y l eading m ercantile e 8tablishments. T he N ew l achine C o. . . . •. . 1 00 i se v eral f or $ 500 a nd m any f or $ 100 n ay B aker ( Lansden C o.) . .. 1 00 a nd s mall er a mounts. F . E . Q ueene y ( Lansden C o.) 1 00 E very m erc hant i n t he c ity i s t o A l S iJnendlnger(Lansden C o. ) 1 00 b e w aite d. u pon b y t he m erc h ants' G eo. W . D onaldson ( Danburc om mittee, 1\11'. D oran s a id, a nd i t Is Electric C o.) . ...... .... 1 00 e xpe c ted t hat w hen t he f inal fig ures S te\' en J . l\[i.l1er l \lachtne C o 1 00 a re i n, t he m erchants' li st w ill r ival M EROHANTS' OO~fi'] l 'EE. c lo sely i n t otal a mount o f s ubscrip. t ions t hat o f t he m anufactur er s. w ho, S tevens -Hodge C orp. • ...•.. $ 1,100 ' a t t he t ime o f t he o riginal s ub scrip- J . F . W oodruff . ... .• . .•... 1 , 000 tion s. t ook o ver s ixty p er c ent. o f t he H enry D ick . . .. ...•. . . . • .. 1 ,000 , s tock p urchased . n ull H ard,,,are C o. . . • ..••.• 1 ,000 T h e g en e ral i nterest t hat i s b eing C ornelius B urtUI . . . •. .. • ... 1 ,000 t aken i n t he i ndustrial m ovement i s l \[c'Lean & ' 05 . . ..•.•••••••• 1 ,000 i Jldi cat ed b y t he f act t hat s ever al J ohn l \(cLean . .. . •. . •.••••• 1 .000 p ersons c alled a t t he h eadquarters, J . D . P laut & B ro. . .... . . . 1 .000 i n t h e r ooms o f t he C hamber o f C om- L uke F . S weeney . •.. . ....• 1 ,000 merce, o n W est s treet, y esterday, a nd F . L . \ Vilson C o. . . .......• 1 .000 e ntered t heir s ub sc ription s w ithout O orn elius D el\U'y . ...•... •. 1 ,000 Ro lic ita tion. O ne m an l a id d own a K inner & B en,Janlin • • . •.•.. t.OOO f ifty-dollar L iberty b ond , w hich e F . T . A ustin . . . • . . • . . . . . . . • 1 ,000 a s k ed t o e xchange f or a n e qual L eo L evy . ......•••..•.••.• 1 ,000 a mount o t I ndustrial C o rporation E . S tone . .... • .••.....•... 1 ,000 s to ck. I n c ase o f e .xchange a t L ib· W m. S tone . .. . ...........• 1 ,000 e rty b anda f or s to k , C hairman D oran N . S piro &- Co. . . .... . .....• 1 .000 s a id t o-daY. t he b ond w ill b e c redited J oseph P . O ulhane . •.•.•.. 1 , 000 t o t he p ur chaser o f t he s tock a nd a A lex. F rohman . .... . . .. ... 1)00 b ill f or t he d ifference b etween t he T bOmB1i F . O ulhane . . .••..• ; ;00 m arket v a lu e o f t he b ond a nd t he ~frs. I i'. I . T hompson . .. .. . ; ;00 c ost or t he s tock w ill b e p resented F rank B . F reneh . . . ... ... . 2 00 w hen t he l a st p ayment u pon t he s tock D anbury T ro y L aundry • ... 2 00 I s c a lled f or. J \flohael J . S hanley . . ... ... 2 00 O ne f eature e mphasiz ed i s t hat ) [icha.el C avoti . ..••••••••• 1 30 t hose w ho d o n ot w ish t o p ay t he G eorge D eakin . .•• . ....... 1 00 e ntir e a mount o f t heir s ubscription J ames l \I NUT . . . ••••••••• • .100 a t o nce, m ay p rocure t he s to ck J oseph 11. C o nnell . . • • . • • . . • 1 00 t hrough a s e ri es o f p ay m ents, a s W . F . T hrnlinson . .. .• ...... 1 00 w as t he c a se a t ' the t ime o r t he ) f. J . B arrett. . ..•. .•• • ..... 1 00 i nitial s tock 8 a le. l\f8..1: l \fcKeTUley . ....•..... . 1 00 W ord w aa r eceived b y M r. D oran R iChard l \[eoney . ......... 1 00 t his f orenoon f rom C . L . P ro ctor , W alter C uUlalle . • .. ..• . .... .100 v ice-president o f t he D anbury & D . C harles . .. . .....•..•••• 1 00 e th e l G as & E lectric L ight c om- J Aluis G iard . . .......•.• • .• 1 00 any , t hat e vel y e m plo ye o r t hat J ohn F . R yan........... .. tOO o mp any h ad s ubscribed f or a t l \[artin F . C omns . ......••. 1 00 c ast o ne s hare o f t h e s tock o f t he C har les E . B rush . ..... .... 1 1'0 n d u s trial C o rpo mtion. T he I ight- P eter G ilotti . ........•.•..• 1 00 ng c ompany i s t he l ir st c on cern t o l \lrs. Oharl~ G oos . .•• • •••.• :1 00 e port s u bscriptions b y i t s e mployes l \[i ss E . J\[. " \\'bite • • . ..••... ; ;0 n d t he f act t hat i t w as a o ne h un- O arl G oos . ....... ... .. ...• 50 red p er c ent. s ubscription c reated L ouis C imino . ...... • ...•.. 50 u ch e nthusiasm. J ulius S to ne . .......•... ... 20 I t i s e xpec te d t hat a h ouse-to- F rank ~oCoy . ...........• 20 P ROFE S I0 , ' A L 0 I Ml.Tl'EE. D r. • a mne! F . ~(uJJjns . •.... $ 100 D r. N athaniel S elleck. • • . .. . 1 00 J ohn H . S ooth . .......•.. . 1 00 W illiam H . C able ... . .. .... 1 00 R obert . A le:..ander . . . . . . . . 50 l \(artln J . C unningham . .... 5 G eorge W akeman . ... .. .... 50 . D r. C harles H . K aufman . . . • 20 W OUEN'S C O)[]\llTl'EE. Over $60,000 Subscribed to . Industrial Corporation in Two Days. I . 1l}- ;vy l~. R. no ·t, t ', d I M rs. F . B . C hichester . ... .• J \(rs, A ntoinette W right . ...• M i ss H arr1et . A verill . . , • , • S 100 1 00 10 1\[1 s l \f.aria W . A veri ll.. . .. . 10 M iss J \[ary D oran . ..... . , .. 10 l \1rs. J a.mes ~'. D oran ' ..... 10 I rs. J . C . D own s . ......••. 111 l \Iargaret C onnelle y . ....... 10 O UT-OF-TOWN is - BSCRIBERS. - ---=-----------1 -ew Y ork . .... S o l D ucker, N ew Y ork . . .... T homas n urnin , N orwalk. . . G eo. O. B utlet· ( :\lersic k C o.) N ew H ave n . .. . ........ . E ndell & P eUee, N ew Y ork . . C asper S clun.Idt, D enver, C ol. J amee D urnin, B ridgeport . . l lan'Y n. B1n.1, I n;ugtOu ,N.J. J\Iel vi lle L . i\(errliJ , H artford 1 R abing. \1 $ 250 2 50 2 00 1 00 1 00 100 1 00 ; ;0 10 ORGA...~ZATlONS. K nights o f C olwnbus . . ... . $ 100 'I . ~( .~ i oj H .} " 1 b· 1 (' L______________________________--''____ �D ANBURY E VENING NEWS. JHURSD.AY ~ OCTOBER 2. 1919. #pdf , THE' RIGHT SPIRIT. I n a n a ddress t o t he ~rkers 1a. t he " 1Ir1",,' f or t he M le o f t he s tock, o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C ol'lJOration t he o ther e vening J udge M artJD J , C unuiDgham e mphasized a bove C \'erythin&' d ee t he w orth o t " communIty s plrlt" a Dd d eclared t hat w ithout t he s plrlt t hat b riDp e verybody i n t he c it) t ,ogetber t o " ",ork t or t he c emmon g ood, U ttle c ould b e accom~f1ed L n' t he w ay o f r eal comm1lllit~ p rogrea. T herc c ould b e " 0 b ettl',!t e vldf'ncc t hat D anbury p ossesses t his s pirit t o a g enerous d 'pce :tb'an t be e nthusialm w ith w hich t he p eGpie o f t he c ity a re c ou ln "",- to t he s upport o f t he I ndustrial C orporation I n I ts c ampai&"n t o. " 'Ceuro f unds, all m anifested b y t he p artial l lat o r l ub8crlbers, a ppearing e lsewhere i n t o-day's p aper. T he l Rlb6cr\ptions r eceived r epresent t wo d ays' " 'ork o n t he p art o t t he m esnbertl o f t he . .a rlous c ommittees t &Idng p art iD t he c ampaign, a nd a monnt t o I t. t otal o f a bout 6 ,000 s hares, o r $ 60,000. T he s pirit i n w hlcb t he p eople o r t he c ity a re e ntering i nto t he p resent e nterprise i s t he s ame t hat t bey d lspla.yed d uring t he w ar, w hen t hey c urled D anbury " over t he t op" r epeatedly i n f inucial d rlvcs. T hc c ity i s t he r lchcr, b oth i n c ommunity s plrlt a nd m ateriaJ r lcbes, f or I ts c ontributions t o t he c ountry's w elfarc i n t ime o t n ational e mergency, a nd t here I s n o d oubt t hat i ts c ontributioDi t o t bJa p resent m ovement, i n w hich h ome p atriotism l ooms l arge, w ill b ring r ewards n o l ess d efinite a nd d esirable. �3. 1 919. D ANBURY E VENI NG N EWS. F RI DAY. OCTOBER • !STOCK SALES REACH $75,000 Scores
of Subscribers Add to Fund for New Factories. N o m ovement o f a s imilar n ature e ver u ndertaken i n D anbury b efore h as N lceh'ed s uch g eneral o r h earty B upport a s t he p ubli c i s g iving t o t he D anbury I ndustrial C or poration i n i ts c ampaign t o s ecurp f und!! t o 6 nance t he e rection o f f actorips t o b e oCC'UJlled b y D PW Indu~trips. T hf' i ne ompll'te r t"port..s t rom t he v arious c ommittees i n h and t his f orenoon i n' dicated t hat s tock s ubscriptions u p t o l ast f lvl'ning a mollntf'd t o a bout 7 ,600 s hares, repr(~se nting $ 75,000 i n c ash. T he s ubscriptions. h l'ing n ported a re e ntirely i ndependent o f tho~e m ade p rior t o t he p resent c a mpaign, C hairman J a.me!! F . D oran, o f t he g eneral c OnlllliU!'e, s tated t o-day, i n r eply t o a.n i nquiry t hat h ad r each I 'd h im. S ubscriptions p revious t o t his c ampaign a mounted t o oY('r $ 90.000. a nd w it.h t hose r eceived t his w eek, . b ring t he t otal s ubscriptions t o t hp I s tock, Rince" t he o rga n iz8tion o f t he . c orporation, t o o ver $ 165,000 . I t i s e xpected t hat t he p resent c ampllign . .i ll r aise t he a mount o f c ash a \'ai!I a .ble t or t he w ork o f t he c QJ"poratioJ;l c loee t o t he s plendid f igure o f $ 250.000. T hese f igures m ake i t c lea'r t hat i t i s n o s mall e nterprise t hat t he c it\' i s e ngaged I n. b ut o ne t hat i s d~~ign. e d t o h ave I t b road a nd p prmancnt ! ,fteet u pon t he g rowth a nd i ndustrial p rosperity o f ~he c ity. C haIrman D oran s aid t o-day rna~ s ome i nquiries t hat h ad r eached h im a nd o ther m embers o f t hl' c ommit.tel! i ndicated t hat s omp p eople h ad g ainI'd t he i mpression tf."llt t hl' I ndustrial C orporation I 'xpect d t o m ak e I.trg(' p rofits t hrough i ts l'ut~l·pri"('s. S urh a n i dea. i s e ntirely erron~oll~ M r . D o· r an s aid . a nd n othing t hn.t ha .~ b ren ~aid b y t he o fficers o r dir('cto!'~ c f t lw c orporation h as b pen c all1culatcf\ a c reate a ny s uch i dpa. I t i s e xpect('ll. h I' s tated , t hat t he c orporation w ill e arn fOI' i ts s tockholders a rr.od('~t r ate o f r eturn u pon t heir mon~r. T he f actory b uildltlgs t hat a l'e t o b e p rrctI'd a re t o b e l eas e d t o m anufac:l.l1l'ing c oncerns a t a r easonablp. r ot c o f rPr.tal a nd i t i s 8 xpe ct p4 t hat t hl' in~o)mc f rom t his s ource w ill ( 'nable t h? c ompany t o p ay d i\"idends e vp ntually. j T he m ain p urposp o f t he c o rporation. h owever , i s n ot t o e arn m oney . b~lt t o p romote t hl' intere~ts o f t he ( om· m unity b y i ncr e asing t he l1umb~r a nd v arietYlof i ts i nduf#triE's. T he 1:1· d ustrial c orporation d ol'S D ot i ntf'no t o b ecome 8 p artn!', ' i n l in)' I ndustry. I h owevf#I', o r t o a ssist a n y S tich , ·on · : c ern i n a f inancial w ar . I t w ill b~ , principally. a nd p prhaps w hull \'. a b uilder a nd o wner o f manllfactl;rin~ ' property-land a no h uflding "--Io b e r ented t o m anufa cturi ng conccrr.~. T o C an"aB8 F actories. I t w as a nnounced t o-day I ha t a c an\'ass o f e mployes o f f actories i , t o b e m ade t o-morrow a nd t hat c lerks : i n t he s tores o f t he c ity w ill a lso b .. i w aited u pon. T h(, i nterest o f t he r mployp i n t he i ndu stri al m o\"pm e nt . ... h oulu b t' ( 'ven g t'cater t han t hat o f t he e mployer, be"au~e a .nything t hat i n c r eases t he n llmbel' o f indLt~trips : n t he c ity i~ b ound t o i ncrE' ase t b e n umber o f p o si tions t o b e filled. T he c hail'man o f o ne o f t he c ommittees t a.king p art i n t he o ri,'e s aid t ociay t hat a l ahoring m an a pproached h im a. d ay o r t wo a go a ,nd s aid t hat h e w i!!lted t o b uy l ;ome. o f t he s tock, i f t here w as r eas.onable a~ ~urance t hat hi~ i n\'e"tment w ould h e s afe. H e w as a m a ll o f f oreign b irth. b ut h e h ad a co mpr('hpn~ion o f t ho g eneral s cope o f t he E 'llterprise t ha t i t w ould b e h at'd t o b eat. " I d on't e xpE'ct v ery l arge i nterest ( .n m y m oney ," h e s aid. " but I w ant t o h elp t o c reate m ore joh~. I ha~ a g ood J ob n ow. b nt 1 d on't k now h ow l ong i t w ill l ast. S ometimes t h-ere h ave n ot b een m any j obs i n D anbury, b ut I f n ew f actoriel' c ome i n t here w ill b e m ore j obs a nd I w ill b e m ore c ertain t o t ind w ork." S pecial s ubscription c ards a .uthor- I I · 1 I I I i7.ing a n e mployer t o r !'tain a c ertain 1 a mount w eC!kly f l'oln t he wag~s o f t he ~lJbscriber h tlye b elm p repared f o r t he c o n \"eniencQ o ( e mplo),l's o f f actori!'s a ud o lh('r PRt8bli~hments ....· ho w ish t o p ay f or 5 t()ck i n s mall installment~. T he r egular ~ubscriptiou c ards p royide f or t h(' p ay m en t ( or th~ : !tock i n f ive i nstallments. T he c ards r ead a s f ollows: " Whprpas, t he D anbury l ndustrial C orpo ration i s a c or por ation o rganized a nd e xisting u nder a nd b y v irtue o f t he l aws o f t he s tate o f C o nne cticut, l o cate d i n t he t own o f Danbur~·. i n s aid s ta.t(' , h aYing a n a uthorized c apital s tock o f $ 250.000 d ivided i nto t wenty-fi\'1' t hou sand s hares, e ach o f t he p ar v alue o f $ 10, a ll o f w hich s tock i s c o mmon s tock. ·· Now . t herl'fore. s ubjpet t o t he p royisions o f t he s tatute l aws o f t he ~tate o f C on ne ct icut, l ind u nd('t" I h p t !'I'ms a nd c o nditions s et f orth i n t hp c ertificate o f i ncorporllti on o f s aid c orporal i on, t he s ubscribpr a grpes t o p ur c ha sl' S hal'eS o r S llla C l1 jJital s toek, p aeh s ho " e t o b e o ( t he p ar v alue o f p O, a nd f urth('r a gl'pes t o p ay l or t he s ame a s f ollows: T en p er c ent. o f t h e a mount oC : suhscription i n c ash a t t he t im!' o f s ubscribing; t ift(' en p er c ent. o f t he a mount o f s ubscription o n O ctobt'r H . 1 919. a nd t he b alance i n t hree i nstallmpnts . a s t he d irectors o f s aid ( 'orporation s hall ' c oli f or t he sa m e, a fte r r eceiying thirl~' d ays' n oticp . i n w riting. o f t he a mount o f p aeh i nsta I lnwnt t ind t he t im e w hen t he s ame s hall b e p ayable." S logan S igD . A b ig ~ Iogan s ign. "'8.8 e rected o n t h(' r oof o f t he F anton b uilding, a t t he C OI'ner o f M ain a nd E lm s treets t o - day. I t b ears a p icture o f a f actory b uilding i n b lack a nd w hite a nd b ri el,s a re t o b e f illed i n in r ed a s t he f und g rows. A dditional S ubscriptio1li'. A s ubscl"iption f or t pn share~ o f t he s tock c ame u nsolicited t o-day f rom a. R idgefield m an . T he f ollowing i s a p artial l ist o f a dditional s ubscriptions r ('eeiYed b y s ome o f t h(' c ommittel'!!, u p t o y esterday: )IERClL,\ .~'l.'S' CO~~M1TJ'EK H . R. L andsman & S ons • . ... $ 1,000 . Ja!Jllt'S F.. B rennan . ..... . . . . 1 ,000 W . B an-y Gl"eteu . . .... . ... . . 1 ,000 ' Yooster ) larkpt ( E. S imonelli) 1\00 R eubeJl B . P earce . . . . . . . . . . . ; ;00 ' V. A , B url,ett . .. ... .. . .... ; ;00 ' rho'. )f#'H~h & S on . ...... ; ;00 A lbert Fr~hmltn . ... . ....... 5 00 A . "E:, R ernd . ... . . .......... 4 00 R . F . Jo'OISt('r . .. '. . . . . . . . . . . . . :lOO H . R . B ristol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 50 " '. F . P "ase . ....... , . .... • , 2 00 A lbprt C ole. . . . . . • • . . . . . . 2 50 M . P . R e)'10Ids . •....... " .. 2 ;;0 G eorge L ewis . ......... , . . . . 2 50 J~elnson & S on . ....... . . . . . . 2 :;0 "r . ) (. S aris . ...... , . .... " .... Z :';(I J ohn K earns . , ' . , . . . . . . . . . . 2 00 C . U . D oran . .... , . . , . . . . . . . 1 no .J. L . M lgncry . , . .......... , 1 00 H . S . N orthrOI) . . , . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 ) (Ichul R yun . ........ . .... 1 00 J . H oward B tlrr . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 C . H oward Dale.... . . . ......... 1 00 , Julhl!f S tone ( additional) . .. , 1 00 D anbut·)· C all1ly C o. . ........ 1 00 " '01., D . B aldwin . .... . ..... , 30 : Eugene T orru(·s. . ....... .... 40 \ Vemer C . J Jepper . ......... 20 W . J . JAInI': ' " . ...•.. , . . . . . . 1)0 J ohn S erre . . . . . . . . . . . . . • • . . :JOO E lbridge G erry . .. . ..... ... . 2 50 W O)(.E:N'S C OUMITrEE. T he ;\U~ H ull . .. , .. .... . . $ 500 ) frs. H nzel H . ) lorehouse. ... :JO ) lr·s. H e-len S . H ullel-an . ... . . 1\0 i \lills ; \t. G el'u'llde H oyt. . ..... 10 ,Ul#;s Fl'IlIl~S i \f. E nrle . _ . . , . . 10 , M rs. : Edith B . P ike . ... , , ' • . • 10 ) UIiS S . E . i \(ePltl'lem:r . .. .. . I (J I ) (ary R . MOI'~'Hn . . . . . • . • . , 10 , ) [is... S. 1':117-01., H ull . ......... J (I ' " :\lio;lI G,'1I~_'Q ];;. H oyt . ....... 10 I ' 10 U r.#. J . ollJse H . Twl'l("{l~- . . . . . . M rs . S~lsun C . P orter . . . . . . . . 10 P ROFESSIOX .-\TJ C OiHl\O'fl.'EE, D r. E . •J . S#.'O(i"ld . . ..... . .. , $ 100 D r . A rthur S mith . . . . , ..... 50 C harles " ' . : \'"rph.y . ...... , 10 ' O101ll1l1l A . K enting . . . ... ..• 1\0 Ho~...a rd ' 1'a)'IOl' . .... , . . , ; ;0 S amuel A . D a,;s . .. .. . . . ... 1 00 C harles A . H allOCk . .... . . , 10 H em')' C . W ilson ...... . .... 1\0 l lr. C hnrles A . •J udd . ...... , :w D r. T . A . H art . . . ......... 50 ou'r-o~'-'roWN S l'BSCRIBERS, i\1ni. C asper S chmidt, D en , ' er, C ol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 100 L cster E . J.iOsey, " 'est H aven. . 10 I "r. I I �Y, O crOBER S f'YE. 3. 1 919, ~ -..... , #'. ..,-- ---_ .... ~ ,j., , " - ~ .. " O J. .' " , . " ,. . ~. ,.. ' J . ' ,; ., f " . ., , , DANBURY INDUSTRIA BUILDINGS. T wo b uilding's, t he f irst o f a g roup, n ow i n p rocess o f c onstruction f or t he D anbury I ndust r ial C orpora.tion, t o b e occ l pied b y t he K eystone I nsta.nt F ood Co. T hese b uildings, o f w hich S underland & W atson a re t.he a t t ects, a re l ocated o n L emac a venue. B oth t he b uildings a re o f f ire-proof c onstruction. One i s 6 0x160 f t. t wo s t ories , re-in .o rced c oncrete t he o ther 1 S 9 0x220, b rick a nd c oncrete. BECOME APl\RT OWNER IN THESE BUILDINGS-BUY S'A SI. THE DANBURY I~~DUSTRIAL CORPORATION· .R HELP YOUR TOWN, L Y OURSELF. " THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. ~~--------------------------------------------~----~~------------- " i~~ �DANB"CRY E YEKIKG KE,\VS. S ATGRDAY. OCTOBER I FVENTII 4. 1919. = +, !" .i·i.. 1..», , . f; " ., '" , .. / .. ".~ DANBUR.Y INDU IAL BUILDINGS. STR ~G~ t~, T wo b uildings, t he f irst o f a, g roup, n ow i n p ro c ess o f c onstruction f or t h e D anbury I ndustrial C orpor ati on , t o be o ccupied b y t he K eystone I nsta-nt F ood Co . T hese b uildings, o f which S underland & W atson a re t he a rchi. a :"!) : OC8 tf'd o n L emac a venue. B oth t he b uilding s a re o f f ire-proof c onstruction. One is 6 Ox16 0 f t., t w o s t ories , re.inforced c oncrete t he o ther i s 9 Ox2 2 0, b rick a,nd c an cr ete. 11 ' THESEBUILDING~BU ' S ~ES IN THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORA1;ON· UA HELP YOUR TO HELP YOURSELF. �wt , Fellow Citizens: I would like to . see very o ne in this community, M anufacturer, M erchant, echanic, Farmer, . Employer a nd Employee, a n o wner of tock in t he D anbury Industrial' Corporation. It is a s plendi community movement, a nd I a m p leased tc! e ndorse it!. '. . Charles A. Mallory. I I T his p'a ge c ontributed b y t he F our B anks of D anbury, t oward t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation drive, to raise $ 150,000 t o build factories like 'those• s own above . THE CITY NA TIONAL BANK. THE DANBURY NATIONAL BANK. .f THE UNION SAVINGS BANK. THE AVINGS BANK OF DANBURY. / \ . . . C OMMUNITY VICTORIES, L ,KE M ILITARY VIC 'DRIES, A RE WON B Y COURAGE, ENERGY, . , U NITY A ND C ' FIDENCE. ~ ...... ~ - ~ -.~ ."'"' . ~- .... - . �---~- 4, DANBURY E VENIKG NEWS. SATURDAY, O CTOBER $100,000 SUBSCRIBED TO INDUSTRIAL FUND I u pon t h; sCI'ecn t o s how e lectric It is Expected That Goal of t rucks t hat a re b eing u sed i u S lam a nd M anila. ThE'sf t rucks W rff' $150,000 Will Be Reach- b uilt u nder t he d inction o f a m an n ow onnectE'd L ansdE'n Co., -lr. B aker. I saidn c?Boston, hewith theelectric tl'llcl(s ed in Com ing Week. I s aid. O ne h undr ed t houRaud d ollal's f or t he e rection o f n ew f actories i n t his c ity! T hat w as t he r eport o f C hairm an J ames F '. D oran, o f t hl' g eneral c o mmittee o ( t he D anb!.,,·y I ndustrial C orporation ( 'am pa ig-n. a t n oon t odll)-. T he s ubscription.' i nclud ed i n t h l-se flgul'PS h ave a ll b epn mad~ s ince t he c anvaslil f or th~ Hale o f t he s lock o f t he c orporation c ommenced, l ast T Ul'sday m orning . S ubscriptions i n h and prC'vious t o t he c ommencement o f t he p resent c ampa ign a mounted to nearl~' $ 100,000, 8 0 th~ t otal w orking c a pi tnl o f t he I ndustrial C orporation h as n ow r eached t he h andsom e f igure o f n early $ 200,000. T he " d ri ve" w ill bl' c ontinued durin~ t he c oming ~\'PC'k a n d Cha.tr man D oran a nd h is 8~SO ciates a re c onfident t hat t he g oal o f a. q uar ter o f a m illion d ollars w ill b e r e a ched b efore a nother w eek p asses. " It w lll b e a p roud m oment f or t he peoplE' o f D aubury w hpn t hey c an p roclaim t o t he v isitors i n t he c ity d uring t he w eek o f t he D al)hury FaAr t hat t hey h ave s ubscribed a q uart.r IJ! a m illion d ollars t o p ro vide f actories f or n ew i ndustries t hat l ire e xpected t o l ocat!' h en' ," ~aid M r. D oran, i n o utlining t he p ilins o f h is c ommittee f or t he c ontinu a tion o f t he c a mpaiK"D d uring t h(' w eek t o c ome. D anbur y's a chievement i n rai~ing an I ndustrial f und a pproaching c los e ly t h e q u arter m illion m ark h al n ot b e en e xcelled b~' a.ny o f t he o ther ( 'omatunitles i n N ew E ngland t hat ha.ve u ndertaken s im llar p rojects. O ther c ities h ave I 'll iSE'd l arger a mouhts, b'u,\; ' t hey a re l arger a nd w ealthier c ities. D anbury's a ccompliShment c ompares m oet f avorably w ith t hat o f N ew B ritain, w here a n i ndustrial c ampa i gn l aun ched b y l eading m anufacturers a nd b usiness m en q uickly b rought s ubs crip tions a mounting t o o ver $ 8 00,000. " It s hould b e a m atter o f p atriotic p ride w ith e very D anburilln w ho i s I nterested i n t he w elfare o f h is ! 'Itl' t hat h e h a s a p art i n t hi!' !'ntE'l'pri!'le," s aid C hairman D omn t o-day. " a nd w e h ope t hllt d uring t h!' c oming w eek h undreds o f i ndividual s ub"cribers "rt'ill b ecome s toclcholders i n t he I ndustrial C orporation. T he I nitial p ayment o f o ne d ollar .u pon a t en d ollal' s hare, a nd t he b alance i n f our i nstalments m al{es i t p os i ble f or a lmost a nyone t o b «-come t he o wner o f a t l east o ne s hare o f t he s tock." I t h ad b een p lanned t o s olicit s ubscriptions o n t he s tl'eets t o-day, b ut t hat w orl;: w as d eiened u ntil n ext wecl;:, o wif\g t o t he u nfayorable w eather. T he c anvass a mong e mpl oyes o f f actol'ies a nel s tOl'es w as a ls o d efer red u ntil n ext w eele T he m embers o f t he l o cal b ar a l'e t he f irst p l'ofessional m en i n t he c ity to' r epor t a 1 00 p er c ent. sub~crip tlo'n~ E very l awyer i s a s tock hold er i n t he c OI·paration. Picture~ o f n ew i ndu;.tria I o perations i n ~his c ity a re b eing s hown o n t he s creens o f t he l ocal t heatres a t e~51h p erform ance a nd a re a ttra ctTng h luch a ttention. C hairman D oran em.JUIasi~es t he p oint t hat p ersons m is~ed i n t he c anvass, a nd n o d oubt t here w ill b e h un4reda o f s uch c ases, c an p ntcl' t heir l Iubscrlptions a t a ny o f t he l ocal b anks b y s igning a s ubscription c ar d a n d m aking a n I nitial p aymPllt o f o ne d ollar u pon e ac h s hare s ubscribed t or. Da.~' B ilker M akes .\dtlr ess. D ay Bak«-". prp!!idpnt o f D ay B aker Co., I nc ., i ndustrilll 4 'ngineers, o f B oston. g ay!' a s hort t "lk a t t he E mpr ps8 t heatre l a st P I'Pning i n t he i nterests o f t h e " drh'p" f or t he D anbury J ndustl'ia l C orpora i n . l Ilr. H akeI', w ho w as i ntroduced b y J amrs F . D oran, r hairman o f t he g en"l'ol c ommittee i n c hargl.' A : t hp " dri-"e," s p ok e o f t he g reat p ossibiliti .. s a hpad f or t he e lectric t ruck a nd i nformed t he a udience t hat D anbul':{ i s f ortunate i n h aviDg a mong i ts jnclu~tl'jt':; t he L ansden C o., m anufacturers o f e lectric t ru cks. " The e lectdc t ruck h as PJ'o\'~n i tself m uch m ore e conomical t han th~ g asolene m achine," s aid M r. B al(er, " and I t i s b eing u sed m ort' a nJ m ore e ac h d ay h y t he l argl'r c orp'''''ation,; a nd m anufacturers i n t his c ou ntr y. I t i s e speCially f ltt6d f or c ity usC', w here i t c an b e uSl.'d f or d clivp.ring g oo ds t o s tort's, f actories n nd h ouse". T he r eason t hat t he e lectric t ruck 16 b eing u sed m ore a nd mOl'e b y t he l arger b usine ss COllcrrDS i s b ecaus' t~ey f ind i t i s c hpaper t han t he g as· - -----------------1 J oILn " ' " 1\.-",oJ l A _ nJ,-,u~hln : t..h-o lJ: " 0 a re u sed i n t he fire d 'epartment a nd for p umping o ut m anholes a nd f lush. j ng t he s treets. T he B ethlehem SteE'l C o., h e s aid, ha~ e lectric w inches a t-, tached t o i ts e lectric t rucks a nd hplI. vy boxe'l lind c ases a re l ifted u pon t he t ruck i n t his m anner. I n ' ]'oronto, h e s aid, e lectrIc t rucks a re u sed a s s treet s prinklers. A s hort f ilm w as t hen t hrown o n t he s creen, s howing a p arad(' o f c lec· t ric truol(1I o f a\1 d l'IICriptioll9 Ilnd s izes, w hich w as helEi. I n Bo~tGn O il L abor d IlJ·. A lar!';e n um 94'r o f t rucks \ \'ere i n t he p al'ael' a nd t he m ajority o f t hose w he w ere p rPRent a t thE' E milress t heatre l ast eVE'n lng w erp g reatII{ B1irpriseEi. t o s ec SAme o f th~ u ses t he e lectric t ruek m ay b e p ut to. " I S incerely t rust," I laid t he I!IHlaker, " that y ou w ill Ifl.'t b ehind t he D a.nburl' I h #1l1l trla 1 CorpOr:l.tlOIl a.nd g ive i t Y'Qur u tmost R upport. f or . it meaDS a g reat d elll m ore t o y our c ity t han y ou r ealize a nd YOU w ill a ll b rnetlt b y t he r eSUlts." T he f ollowing i s a p artia.l l ist o f a dditional S Ubscriptions r eturned b y t he v arious c ommittee s : ) (A,XUFACTURER8' CO~1MI'ITEE. ' l'urner M a.ohIne C o. . . .••.. . $;) ,000 D anbury S qUAre B ox C o. • ... 1 50 I iJeal H at C o. . ............. 2 00 G eorge A . K inner . ........ . l';OO M utual F ur C uttIng C o. ..... 1 ,000 A . P hUllps #N., I nc. . .....•.. 4 00 J ohn L eah y . ........•...•.. 50 G eor. . F . G~ . ......•.... 5 00 J ohn W . G reen . ............ 5 10 N atural R abbit F ur C orp. ( J. K rU!ee) . .• . .••....•.... . • 2 50 A . P aplsh . ..... ... ........ . 5 00 B ea,' er B rook P aper U ill . .. . 5 00 P atrIck D urkin . ........... . 500 H m & ; L oper . . ............ . 1 ,000 P eck F ur C o. ........... . . . 1 ,000 S hort H ilt C o. ... .. ........ . 1 00 S imon & ; K eane a nd C olumbIa. H at C o. . ..... ..... . .. . . . . 1 ,000 D anbury B rll85 ' Vorks ( Albert H enebry) . .............. . : ;0 Ru.'JSell E lectrlo C o. . . •...... 20 K e ystone I nstant F ood. C-o. . . , ! !50 I mper1a.l S ilk W orks . ...... . 1 .000 D a,1 s· Hine M fg. C o. • • • .... . 2 50 O. :U. H orch . ......•.•... .. . 2 00 Vir. Vir. S underland . ........ . 1 00 D anbury P rintIna- Co. . . . .. .. . 1 00 ' '' ' OMEN'S CO~IMITI'EE. M ",. M a.rg-aret ) IcLachJan . . . . $ 500 Mre. P hlUp N . S Ullderla.nd . . . . 10 MtiS L orena. A-loLachlan . . . . . . 50 ) fls8 G race N orthrup. . . . . . . . 10 ] \frs. E . ~I. B ulkley . . . . . . . . . . 50 M rs. W . H . R Jd er . .......... 2 00 ) 1tss ) Iary A . D unn ' " . . . . . . 100 P ROFES S ION A L C O)(l\U'Pl'EK D r. F rllnk G ordon . ......... $ 100 ] )1'. H . B . K nox . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5(1 D r. J . C . D owns . .......... . .'"#0 J )r. P aul U . S Wlderland . . . .. ; ;0 D r. " illiam '1'. B ronson . •... 10 0 ,·. s. VI' . C hap man . ..... . .. 50 1)('. G. E . B oIl{'S . .... ....... SO 1#1' . C lla ri('s D omn . ....... 1 00 D r. G . K . H a.wlflY . ...... . .. ao R e,·. J ohn 1". R~'an . ......... 1011 l tc". " ·m . J . Du.Ilard. . . .. . .. . ;;0 l tc ,·. J ohn ) 1. D eyo . . . . . . . . . . SO R ev. } 'rallk P . H'~tn s . . • . . . . I I HI J ud ge J . i) ( oss I "es . ......... 50 N orman C. B eers . ...•...... ;; 0 A aron '.r. B ates . .. . ......... SO O U'1'·OF-TOW N S UBSCRIBERS. hn X anderbeck, N _ Y ork '2~O I i:. • T ucker, R ldg'e tle ld . . .. 1 00 I ) ,uoius H awley, B rookJlcld . . . . 20 c~~s~~ .~~~~a.l~~l':. ~.J ~~, J .ouis K romau . N ew y ork ... . M lobael R oga.lsky , ' ew Y ork. . 10 [ 1 00 1 00 1 919. �I t is Expected That Goal of $lS0,OOO Will Be Reached in Coming Week. I u pon t h; s c reen t o s how e lectric t rucks t hat a re b eing u sed i n S lam a nd M anila : T hese t rucks W He b uilt u nder t he d ire c tion o f & m an n ow c onn ect ed w ith t he L ansden C o., s a id 1\11'. B aker . I n B oston , h e s aid , e le c tric t ru c lcs I a re u se d i n t he f ire d"e partment a nd f o r p umping o ut m anholes a nd f lush . i ng t he s treets . T he B ethlehem S tepl C o., h e s aid, h as e lectric w in c hes a .ttn c h e d t o i ts e lectric t rucks a nd h ea vy b ox es R nd c8se ~ a re l ifted u po n t h e t ru c k I n t hIs m anner . In Toronto , h e s aid , e l.ectric t rucks a re u se d a s s tl' eet s prlDklers. A s hort f ilm w as t hen t hrown o n t h e s c r ee n , s h ow i n g a p a radc o f e l ect ric trucl~!l o f a ll d e8 c riptions n nd s l" es , w hich w a s h eld I n B o ston I) n L abor d &)· • .It.. l ar!;e n umBer o f t ru c ks " "e re i n t he p arade a nd t he m aj o rity of t hose v,o ho WE'r e p rPRent a t t he E m p ress t h E' atre l a Rt e ve ulng w ere g r e atI I' s urprised t o sec SAme o f t he u s es the e lectric t ruck m ay b e p ut to. " I s in c erely t ruitt," ( laid t he I Ipea.k e r, " that y ou w lll i " t b ehind t he D!lJlbury I hdultrlal C orpOr:l.tlon a .nd g iv e i t y our u tmost s upport, t or .it m cans I I g reat d elll m ore t o y our c ity t han y ou r ealize a nd y ou w ill a ll b en e fit b y t he r eeu1tB." T he f ollowing i s a p artial l ist o f a dditional s ubscriptions r eturn ed b y the v arious c ommltteeo: O ne h undr ed t h ou sa ud d oll a l's f or t he e re c tion o f n ew f actol"i es i n t hi s . c ity! T hat w a s t he r e port o f C h al r m an J ames F'. D~ran , o f t he g e n!'l:al c ommi tt e e o f t h e D a nbur~' I ndu str Ia l C orporation ( 'a mp a i~n, a~ n oon t ? d al-. T h e s ub sc rip ti on : t ncluded 111 t h l# se f igur es h av e a ll b e e n m a d e s in ce t h e can v as~ t or t hQ s a le o f t h e sto c k o f t h e c orporation c o mmenced, l a st T upsday m orning . S ubs c riptions i n h and p r e\'il) u s tl) t h e c ommenc e mcnt o f t h e pr e~ pnt c ampaigu a mount ed t o n e arly U OO ,000 , 8 0 t he t otal w orking c a pital o f the I n du strlol e orporation h a s n ow r eac hed t he h a.ndsom e f igure o f l lear I y $ 200,000 . . T he " driv e ". w ill b e continu ed d url11J t h e coml11~ w p ck a nd C h&trm a n D oran a nd h I S a s s oc iates a r e c ontid e n~ t.hat t he g oal ? f a. q uar t er o f a.' m1111 0 n d ollftr s WIll b e r ea c hed b efore a nother w e ek passes . " It w ill b e a p roud m om e nt f or t he p eople o f D anbury w hpn t hey c an p ro c laim t o t h e v isitor s i n t he c ity d uring t he wf.'ek o f t he D al)hury li'a~r t h a t t hey h ave s ubscribed a ) (Al'"'"UFAortJRERS' OO~1MI'lTEE. q u.rtu o f a m illion d ollars t o p ro - 'l'urner M achine C o. . . .. .. . . $ ;),000 v ide f actori e s f or n ew i ndustries t hat D anbury S quare B ox C o, • . .. 1 50 a re e xpected t o l o ca te h ere, " ~ aid l d_' H at C o. . ... ..... . . .. . 2 00 M r. D oran , i n o utlining t h e p lAns o f G eorge A . K iwler . ... . .... . : ;00 h ie c ommittee t or t he c ontinuRtion M utua.! F ur C utting C o. ..• . . 1 ,000 o f t he c ampaitrn d uring t he w~ek t o A . P hillips 0&., I nc. . ........ 4 00 c ome. J ohn L eahy . .. . .. . . . • ...• .. 50 D anbnry's a chi e vement i n rai~lng G eor. . F . G~ . .. .. .... .. . 5 00 an i ndus t rial f und a pproaching J ohn W . G reen . . . . . ..... .. . 5 10 c 1oseh' t he q uarter m ilIion m ark N atura l R abbit F ur C orp. ( J. b aa n ot b een e xcelled b~" a.ny o f t he K rIeM) . . . . . , . . ... ..... . . 2 50 o ther c ommunities i n N ew E ngland .~. P aplsb . .. . ... .. . .. .... . . 5 00 t hat h ave u ndertaken s imilar p ro- Bea"er B rook P aper M ill . .. . 5 00 j ects. O ther c ities h ave rR is ed P atrluk D urldn . . .. • . . . ..... 5 00 l arger a mollhts, h ut · t h ey a re l arg e r H lU & ; L oper . .......•..... . 1 , 000 a nd w ealthier c itie s. D anbury's a c - Peck F ur C o. . .. ... .. ..... . 1 , 000 c ompllshment c ompares m oet t a- Short H at C o. . . ...... . .. .. . 1 00 v orably w ith t hat o f N ew B ritain , S bnon & ; K eane a nd C olumbia w here a n i nd1lstrlal c ampaign H at C o . .. ... ..... . . .. .. " 1 , 000 l aunched b y l eadin g m a nufaoturers D anbury B rass ' Vorks ( Albert a nd b usiness m en q u ic kl y b rought H enebry) . . .. . . ........ . . ; ;0 s ubscriptions a mounting t o o ver Ru.'J8eU E lectric C o . .. • . . .. . . 20 $ 800,000 . K e ystone I nsta.n t F ood C o• . . ' 2 ,,0 " It s hould b e a m atter o f p atriotic I mperia.! S ilk 'Works . .. ... , ' 1 .000 p ride w ith e very D a nburian w ho i s D a,1s·Hine U fg. C o . • . .•.• .. 2 50 I nterest e d i n t he w e lf a re o f h is c ity O. ) (. H orcb . .. . . ..•..• " • ... 2 00 t hat h e h as 8 . p art i n t his e nt e l' pri !;e," W . W . SUDCw,rland . . .. . .. . , . 1 00 s aid C hairman D ora.n t o -d ay, " R nd D anbury P rintIinl" C o. ... .. .. . 100 r Ol\1EN'S w e h ope t hRt d uring thE' c oming C OUMI'l"TEE. w eek h undred8 o f i ndividual s ubI ilcribers w ill b ecome s t oc lcholders i n : Un!. i Ua.rg-aret l \(cLacbJan . . . . $ 500 t he 1 ndustt'lal C orporation . T he M rs . P bllip N . S underla.nd . . . . JO I nitial p ayment o f o ne d ollar .u pon l\1Ws L orena M cLachlan . . . . . . 50 a. t en d ollar s hare, a nd t he b a la nce l \fis8 G race N orthrup . ... . . , . 10 i n f our i nstalm e nts m al# e s i t p o ss i- l\1rs. E . ) 1. B ulkley . . . . . . . . . . 50 b le f or a lmost a nyon e t o b ('co me t he M rs. W . H . R ider . .. ... .. .. . 2 00 o wn e r o f a t l ea st o ne s h a r e o f t h e l\I1ss l \fury A . D unn . . . . . . . . . 1 00 s tock." P ROFESSION A L C O)DU'l'I'EE. I t h ad b een p lann e d t o s oli c it s ub- Dr. F nmk G ordon. . . . . . . . . . $ 100 s criptions o n t he s tJ'e('ts t o -d a y, b ut D r. H . B . K nox. . . . . . . . . . . . . ; ;0 t hat w ork w as d ef e rr e d u n t il n e xt D r. J . C . Dow11s . .. . .. .. ... . ilO w eek, o wil1$ t o t h e u n fa " o ra b l e ] )r. P aul U . S wlderlalld . ... , ; ;0 w eather. T he c an v ass a mong e m- Dr. , ,'jllin.1ll '1'. B ronson. • . . . 10 I p loy e s o f f a ctori e s a n d s tOl" es w as ) )". S. " ' . C ha.pman . .. .. . . . . 50 a lso d eferred u ntil n ext w ee le 1#r. G . F .. Bo\ll~ . .. ...... . .. ; )0 T he m e mbers o f t he l o ca l b a r a re D r. Cllarlcs D omn . ... . .. . 1 00 t he f irst p rof ess io na l m en i n t h e c it y D r. G . K . H a,wley . . . ...•... ao t o r eport a 1 00 p e r c e nt . s ub s crip- Ro,·. J ohn l~ . R .yan . . ...... , . 1IIU t!o'n~ E v e ry l awyer i s a s to ck hold e r I tcv. " \\"Jll, J . D ullard . ....... ;;0 i n t he c orporation . I te\". J ohn 1 \[. D eyo . .. . . ... . . ; )0 P icture s o f n e w i ndu s tri a l o p e ra- Rev. F rank P . H ig/Pns . . . . . . . 10 t ion s i n t hi s c it y a re b e in g s h o wn J udge J . l \{oss I ns . . . .. .. . . , 50 o n t he s creens o f t he l o ca l t h e att'e s N orman C . B eers........ . .. ; ;0 ILt elA-51h p erform a n c e a nd a re a t- Aaron 'r. B ates . . .. .. ... . .. . 50 trlLc tTfl.g m uch a l t e n t io n. . O U'l'-OF-'1'OWN S UBSCRmERS . C h ai rman D or a n e~nJlh a s l z~s t he -"r' - 'er........... N Y k: - 2"0 -I "b t p ersons m Is ~e d ' i n t he I K A . T.ucker, R idgefie ld . . . . . .... '!':"~ • w..... ~ or p## n t t a 1 00 c a.nvaS8, a nd n o d o ubt t here w ili b ~ l Jucius H awley, B rookllcld . . . . h un4red. o t s uch c ases, c an " n t Cl C hrist.ian E bcrstallo,' R oselle t heir 8u b8 crlptl~m8 . a t a ny o f t J:t e .10 N. J . . . .... .... . .' . .. . . .. : [ ' c al b anks b y .slgmng a subs c r~PtlO n L ou.is K romall. N ew Y ork . .. . 1 00 c ard a nd m a lung a n i nitI a l p a Jmf'tl t M ichael U A_Iav,., N ew Y o k 1 00 o f o ne d ollar u pon e a c h s har e s ub £_~-J' J; r .. s c ribed t or . D ay B al;er MJlk~ .\ dllress. D ay B aker . pr e "id~n t o f D ay B aker C o ., I n c., i nd ust rinl ~ngin ee r s, o f B oston , g a ve a s h o rt t ~ 11# a t t h e E mprp ss t h (' otr e l ast r n'nin g i n t h e i ntere s ts o f t h e " (lI'i y p" f()r t h e D a n M r. b ul'Y J ndusU ·ial C orpora ion . H aker , w ho w as i ntrodu ce d b y J al1l C's F . D oran , r hairman o f t he gC lwru l c ommittee I n c harge ~ t h e "#.lriv(' ," s pok t' o f t he g reat possiblliti'~s a h pad f or t he e le c tric t ru c k a nd i n fo rm e d t h e a udience t hat D anbur:.. i s f ortu nate i n h a ving a mong i t s i ndu s tri l' .l t he L an s den C o ., m anuf ac t ure r s o f e lec tric t ru c ks. " "The e le ctric t ru c k h a s pl'O ," )ll i tse lf m uch m ore e c onomi c al t h a n t h (# g a solene m aChine," s aid l Ilr . B ni(c r, " and i t i s b e ing u s ed m or e ano m or e e ach d a y b y t he l argt'r c OrJ;#nrat ion., a nd m anufacturer s I n t hi s c ount ry. I t Is e s pe c ially f itt ed f o r c it y US(', w h e re i t c an b e l ls e d f or d e li\"e r in ~ g oods t o s tores , r a c tori es a nd h ou s e ",. T he r eason t hat t h e e le c tric t ruck Iii b eing u se d m or e a nd m o re b y t.h e l arger b usine ss c on c ern s i s . l# e(; uus ~ . t p.ey t ind i t is c hpap e r t ilan t h e g a 6ol e ne p ropelled m a c hine a nd t h at i t w ill d o a s m u c h w ork a n#i c y eu m ore . " The e lt'c tri c t ru c k :' s uid ! \fr . B uk e r. " will lo st a n y wh e r e f ro m tE' n t o fi ft e en y ea r s, w h il e t hp ! iff' o f th ~ g asol p. nc m ac hill e i s o nl~ ' a b ou t two) o r t hr ee yeR r s. a lt h oug h i n ,"orne c ases i t w ill IU A Jive y ears." t A n um b er o f ~ Ii dl's w ~rp th en t hrown o n t h #'\ s c re e n , !; howing h ow t h e t ru c k s a l'e n ow Iw ing u se d i n t hl' IILI'ger (· itie s. " l'h c A m o:! t' ir nll R ailway Expr e ~ s h aH oY er 1 .0 01) t ru ck s i n i t !; s p r vi l'1' i n d iff e l'e nt p ar ts or t h e COUlltrl' , 11'11'. B ak e l' s a id . A mong t he c on c l'rn s u ~ ing (. Iec tri c t ru c ks a r e t h e W a ltPl' B a I#"r C ho cola t e Co. , P e nn sy l\·a.n ia r a ilro a d . N ew Y ork, N e w Hav~u & H nrtfonl r a il roa d, U nit e d S tat e s g ov e rn m ent fO I' m a il s erYi c{' a u~ i n t h e ar~~nal " a nd ~ lIppJy b ases , W Il s on B (' e f C o .. R . H . ;lfa c ~' & ( '0. , th~ P a ri s Ga'r tc r C o., a n d G e'lc ral E lf' c trk C o., M r . B llk pr ~ ni d. A D ll mbH o f ~I i(l es W('I' #'\ a ls o t hr o wn I I '1 I I :: . . . .- ---------------.11 ..... I I �R Y. L-------~----~======~~~--RY I S A B USY P LACE DA~ TEL HE MALLORY HAT CO., M anufacturers o f I- I" C 1·' l ' lt F I·; T/ 1' D anbury , Conn. Tel. 9 . THE MUTUAL FUR CUTTING CO., INC. HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. Waste, Skins . Etc .. GELATINE AND GLUE. G oods : \IaJe H ere G o to A ll P arts of the \ Vorld. D anbury, Conn . Wm . F . Buzaid, P r esident a nd D [anag er . THE FRANK H. LEE CO., D. E. LOEWE & CO., M anufacture r s of D [anufacturer o f F INE F UR H ATS. SOFT FUR FELT. C apacity 2 ,500,000 H ATS. H eads a Y ear . P ower S t., D anbury. DAVIS & HINE ROUGH HAT CO., D [anufacturers o f MEN'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. 9 -27 R iver S t., D anbury . R iver S t ., D anbury, Oonn. T ELEPHONE 3 5 . , ------_.... HIGH-GRADE MEMORIAL ' Solvents Recovery Co., M anufacturers o f DENATURED AND WOOD ALCOHOL, F IBREBOARD S HIPPING C ONTAINERS And Square Paper Boxes. E lmwood P lace . Tel. 2 92 . 3 9 P ahquioque Ave ., J . EDGAR P IKE, S ecretary. S t ., D anbury. Messinger Corp., f iATS I N T HE I R OUGH. R ose S t .· D anbury. E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, - H ighland / -r Anue . r.7 M anufactu r ers o f M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f T HREAD "THE JETNA." MEDIUM AND HIGHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. AND FINISHERS OF
COTTON YARNS. T he G uaranteed H at. 4 5 R iver S ( D a nbur . 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet, D anbnry . Tel. 8 69 . H AT B ANDS A ND B RAIDS , STOCK HAT BODI ES / IN THE ROUGH. T aylor S t ., D anbury . T elephone 2 31. AUTOMATIC-SEAL! NG BURIAL VAULTS , l#tf'C'1 r C'-in- ('d " HI -LO" F UR F ELT H ATS. AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., M anufacturers o f HAT TERS' FUR S, B eaver S t .. D anbury . T elephone 1 59 . JOHN S. FISHER, THE CLARK BOX CO., Electrical Contractor. CORRUGATED AN 0 FI BRE-BOARD CONTAINERS, P ark A venue, D anbury. Tel. 1 044. M anufacturers o f 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t., THE LANSDEN CO., INC., a nd P ower . H at B oxes, Ring'S a .nd S tays, D[illinery B oxes, 3 10 M ain S t. . D anbury . W oo d BOI@§. n [anufacturers o f B uilders o f Electric Motor Trucks. HAT MACHINERY 2 0 C rosby S t., D anbury. P ower S t ., D anbury. T elephone 1 080 . T elephone 5 6 . H ELP W ANTED EAVER BROOK PAPER MILLS, INC. l as. E . G allagher, P res., M anufacturers o f WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIALTIES. M Uls-Bea.ver B rook, D anbury. T elephone 3 9. M anufacturer o f All K inds o f M anufacturers o f l\IET A L BALL CO., M anufacturers o f H ATTERS' FURS, T o f it a ll s izes o f w ires. THE ROUGH. R ose S t ., D anbury. 1 8 C rosby S t ., D anbury. High-Grade Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. T ELEPHONE 5 2. GEORGE A. McLACHLAN, l Ianufacturers o f A LL K INDS O F F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH, T horpe S t., D anbury . TELEPHONE 7 68. H. McLACHLAN & CO., FINE FUR FELT HATS IN Tel. 1.4 . ' re I. 1 207. T ELEPHONE t 38O . H A T W IRES AND S TEEL C LASPS O utters o f 4 36 M ain S t. NEW MACHINE CO., D anbury. PECK FUR CO., Wiring for E lectric L ight T elephone 9 08-2. GEORGE A. KINNER, M anufacturers o f Soft and Stiff Shapes. ... .,!tj ph one 1 80. N AINSOOK UNDERWEAR, SIMON & KEANE, M anufacturers o f W &It"rproofC'd M anufacturers o f 3 36 M ain S t, D anbury . THE SHORT HAT CO., TWEEDY SILK MILLS, B ranch F ac tori es i n l\IUl er t oll. N . Y ., B re w s ter , N . Y ., a n d B eth e l, C onn. . F. TOMLINSON CO., , THE HILL & LOPER CO., COTRELL & LEONARD, Danbury Manufacturing Company. . N ew . S treet a nd M ontgomery S treet, D anbury. F actory--Daley's L ane. T ELEPHONE 1 448 . p int " Ithln f ift# m J les. C. I. ROBINSON & CO., Danbury Electrical Manufacturing Co., 6 0 M oss Ave ., D anbury . R iver S t ., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 2 63. t 'OJle'rett". " "ill 11IM Ih l' o\l~h t he' a /l: C,.. ~old t hro\l!.(h UI C l"la),,\,r ... a nd d t"Ii'C'I't"d t o a llY T ELEPHONE 8 00 f or t he t rade, And J obber o f B ed S prings. T elephone 8 55 . fo D anbury. M anufacturer o f A ll K inds o f M ATTRESSES AND CORDS. We could fill a half dozen modern factory buildings IMMEDIATELY with substantial industries, if we only had the factories. Let's put 'em up. THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. H. LONDA, I n [anufacturers o f Attract Substant·al Industries. Is inVIted to become a shareholder in this organit:ation-put YOUR shoulder to tile wheel, that Danbury's industries may grow in number and diversity. D anbur y, C onn. SILK WORKS, I Every Citizen of Danbury L . . . - - - ,! Danbury Square Box Co., The von Gal Hat Co., n and Brass Foundry. T elephone 1 370. T elephone 7 3 . L -_ _ ~ATS T ELEPHONE 1 7 . ! Substantial Factories I I ~~ 2 - 40 n [aple AVe ., D anbury HAT BANDS, BRAIDS P roducers o f 1 4 E llsworth Ave ., D anbury. CO., T MACHINERY AND TURNER TURRETS, HELP DANBURY. M. H. SCHLITTER & CO., CEMETERY WORK. ~1ACHINE C ONSTAJ. TTLY \VIDENI~G D IVERSITY O F I NDUSTRIES, \VIrrI-I A Rowa.n S t., D anbury. T elephone 3 55. D ORAN BROS., M anufacturer. o f HATTERS' MACHINERY, . 7 -9 R iver S t ., D aabury. 4 3 P oster S t., D anbury. T elephone 3 47. T ELEPHONE 7 00 . JOHN W. GREEN & SONS, The Ellis Contracting and Welding Co., ACHINE CONTRACTING PATRICK DURKIN, M anufacturer o f Awnings and Teats. A nd a ll k inds o f \ ELDING AND BRAZING. 1 2 M allory S t., D anbury. Tel. 8 6. M anufacturers o f MEDiUM AND FINE GRADES OF SOFT AND STIFF HATS. P ahquioque Ave., D anbury. T elephone 1 9. THE HULL HARDWARE AND PLUMBING CO. M anufacturers o f t he BAXTER HOT AIR FURNACE. 1 83 M ain S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 2 4. 6 -58 E lm S t ., D anbury. THE MURPHY-GORMAN COMPANY. ARNER BROS. CO., n lanufacturers o f THE CONNECTICUT GLUE CO., ' "EMERSON" HATS. F actory-North E nd, D anbury. WINTHROP AND REGAL HATS. 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury'. T ELEPHONE 9 9. COLUMBIA HAT CO., THE BALL & ROLLER ~ E~~! AL ~ON~_R_~_. ~~_• .•_S T~~K HA T B O~~E~~-"- I.I-_.......EA.RING CO. CT ~ O C _~~~ D I s MILL CONTRUCTION AND M a.nufa.eturen o t M a.nufacturers o f T ELEPHONE 2 11. LUKE F. SWEENEY, F. D TWEEDY & CO.~ . M anufacturers o f . THE FRANK H. LEE CO., MAfUIN"IlV nIVI~IAU �D ANBURY EVENING NEWS, MONDAY, OCTOBER AfTER FINAL 50 THOUSAND , I Industrial Corporation NearIts Goal of Quarter bf a M!Jlion. A t otal o f a q uarter o f a m illion d ollars i n a ctual w orking c apital i s t he g oal o f t he f inal l ap o f t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation's c ampaign. W ith $ 200,000 a lready s ubscribed, o ne-half o f w hich h as b een o btained d uring t he p resent " drive," i t i s e xpected t hat t he g oal o f a q uarter o f a m illion w ill b e r eached b efore t he e nd o f t he p resent w eek T he s uccess o f t his c ampaign o of p ublic s pirited D anburians t o ai#l i n c reating a " bigger a nd b us!er D anb ury" h as b een p henomenal a .nd i t i s t he d esire o f tn.c m en b ehind t he m ovement t o h ave t he f inal $ 50,000 s ubscribed b y a s m any p ersons a s d esire t o d emonstrate t heir " community s pirit" b y p articipating i n t his e nterprise. T he c ost o f a s ingle s hare o ! s tock w as p laced a t t en d ollars w hen t he c orporation w as 0 1'I g anlzed i n o rder t o m ake i t eallY f or ~ e veryone t o b ecome a s tockholder. T he p urchaser 'o f o ne s hare I s a s w elcome i n t he c orItoration a s t he h older o f a h undred o r a t housand s hares. " It o ught t o' b e a g reat d eal o f s atisfaction t o a nyone t o b e a ble t o s ay, w hen t hese n ew f actories a re c ompleted. t hat h e h as h ad a p art i n e recting t hem-that h e i s o ne o f t he o wnet·s o f t he b uildings,' s aid C hairman J ames F . D ora.n t o-day i n o utlining t he p lans f or t he c ampaign t hat i s t o b e c arried o n durin&' t he n ext f ew d ays a mong e mployes o f f actories a nd s tores. M r. D oran a nnounced w ith m uch p ride t o-day t hat t he t otal D umber o f s tockholders i ll t he c orporation h a.d n ow r eached 7 50. T he I ndustrial c orporation i s b y f ar t he l argest o orporation, i n p oint o f m embership, • t ha.t h as e ver b een f ormed i n t his c ity a nd i t i s h oped t to c reate a m uch l arger m embership p before t he e nd o f t he p resent c ampaign. " If 7 50 D anburians h ave s ubscribed $ 200,000 t o t his m ovementt, s urely t he r emaininK 2 7,000 o ought t o s ubSCribe t he r emaining $ 50,000 n ecessary t o b ring t he c orporation's w orkIng- capital u p t o a , q uarter o f a r tilllion," s aid M r. D oora.n. N umerous I nquiries f or t he s tock a re o elng r eceived a t t he l ocal o anks, a ll o f w hich r eceive s ubscripptions. C hecks i n p ayment f or s tock s hoould b e m ade p ayabple t o M artin H. G riffing, t reasurer. I 6, 1919. �D.A~BURY T UES . MAIL 1 New S tween T hp m orniJ t hat I be~n a nd a ' ~atillf is to f rorr by : as}l im an m 1 ' E YEKING N E'YS, TUESDAY, OCTOBER , GOAL OF INDUSTRIAL FUND QUARTER MILLION t he s nat m ajority, 8 ha1l p ut h is d ollar i n w ith y ours t hat t here m ay b e m anifested a c ommou i nterest a nd a. K reat : :;pirit o f w orl#ing t ogether ," C hairman D oran s aid t his a ltel' noon t hat c alls f or a dditional s ubscri p tion c ards h ad b een r eceived f l'om s ome o f t he f actories . T he c ampaign c ommittee a nnounces t h a t i t w ould b e h appy t o I t i s confid~ntly e xpectt'd t hat b e- have e very D anburlan c onstitute f ore t he e nd o t t he p resent w eek t he h imself o r h erself a c ommittee o f I g oal o f t he c ampaign c ommittee o f o ne t o s ecure s ubscriptlonti. T he n ecessary b lan k s a nd I nformation t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporation c an b e o btained a t t he t l'mporary - a q uarter o f a m illion d ollal's f or o ffice o f t he c o r poration i n t he O dd n ew factori~s i n t his c ity- will h ave F ellows' b uilding, W est s treet. b een r eached. I O ri'anbatlo. . S ubsc#rlb e. T he tOtll.l a mount o f t he s ul?sc riJ;l . 1 T hr pe l ocal o rganizations h av e t ions I n h and a t t hp pre~ent t lmp IS b ecome s ubHcribers f or $ 100 e ach . i n e xcess o~ $ 200,000 a nd s Ubscrip- They a re t he K nights a t C otumbu$, t ions a re c oming i n f rom m any s ourc- Danbury l odge o f E lks a nd P roe~ . A s s tated a t t h e b eginning o f gres~ive l odge, 1. O . O. F . w hat i s expec~ed t o b e t he f inal w ee.k T he f ollowing a re a ddi t ional s ub of t he c ampaIgn , t he o bject n ow I~ s criptions I' eported b y t he c ommitto I n c rease t he n umber o f s tockho ld - tee, a ntI f urther l ists w ill f ollow a s er~ a s g reatl)' R S p ossible, i n o rder r apidly a s t hey c an b e a rt'anged f or t hat t he e ntel' prlse m ay b e.come e :-en p ublication: m ore o f a g reat c ornmu Dity p roJect PROFESS IONAl . C OM~U'.I."'l'RE. · t h a n i t i s a lr e ad~' , T his s tatement. r epresenti n g t hl' D r. W lIUam T . B ronson ( cor· ~entim('nt o f t hl' m l'mbl'l's o f t ne r cctlon . ... . ... . . , . .• ••.• $ 100 b oard o f d irectors o f t he I ndustrial D r. S opbJa Penft~ld , . . . ... . 10 C orporation, w as e xpresHed t o -day D r. S . V irginia C rawford . . . . 50 t hrough h alrman J am~s F . D oran, D r, S . W . O le, . ... . , ., • •. • 10 o f t he (' ampaig n c ommittee: " The D r. G . E , L~lnlUer . . . ...•. . . 50 (\ i rl' ctol'S o f t he I nd u strial C orpora- D r. H . K ohrman . .........• 60 tion a re d eeply i nterpsted i n s mall D r. •J. H oward B enedict . ..• 20 s ubscriptions, i n o rd e r t hat g reater R~.... T .eo ~1. F inn . . . ..... . . 10 c ommunity s pirit m ay b e d eveloped. D r. H . 50 H awley . . . . .. .. . T he h ome i ntf'rest r eprl'sented I n t he C ha8. w. ~{urph:r ( additional) 90 p urchaSl! o f o ne s hare o f t itoc l;: m ay WO~lEN'S CO~DllTTEE. b e g rl'ater t han t hat o t a l a rger a mount . W e a sk a ll i ntei'ested ~lrs. W . H arry G reen . ..•.. ' 100 i n D anbury t o s how t heir c ivic s pirit M r s. I Nora D . G cor&'6 • ..... 10 b y p urchasing a t l ea st o ne s hare o f ~{r8. T . C . M UlaI'd . •...••. • 10 t hi" s tock." !\lil!8 A llee B , W ile . . , . . , .. 50 T he " drive" t his w eek I s e specially M rs . l \lartha R . G rlfting , ... 10 a mong e mployes o f ( aotories a nd M rs. l Ulnnle E . G riffing . .. , 10 b usiness e st abli shments a nd t he M rs . l \lary E . C o le . .. ...... 10 m anufactUl'el's o f t h e c it)' h ave b een 1\1rs. n , S . ) '-itch . .... . .. , : 10 a sked t o e xp l ain t he e nterpl' ise t o l \1rs. B . .\.. H ough . ...... , . 10 t heIr e mp l oyes a nd t o c o-operate w it h 50 t hem b y a rranging f or t he p urchase M rs . F rank H . l ,ee . . .. , ... 1\lrti. J ohn \ \' . G reen . .. . , ' 50 o f s tock o n e asy t erms. 1 00 I n s e\'eral o f t he f actories m embers 1 \lrs. M ury J , L asa la . ... . .. 50 o f t he flrm~ h aye a ddressed t he e m- M is s l \largllerlle 1\1. " elller . . 50 ployes p erso n ally . - The c ommit t ee 1\11118 L ulu l\lurph~' . . . . . . .. 10 l earned t o-day t hat M ichael ' Delohery, S arah E . G . l \landcvllle . . . . . . h ead o f t he D elobery H at C o., m ade a ~lIl1s Caro l~' n E . C rawford... 20 t elling a ddre6s t o h is e mployes y es- CItIlJC1l . .. , . .. . .. . .. .. ..... 1 00 t erday. T he D anbury & ; B etnel G as &: E lec- !\{ANUFACTU RERS' CO~lrrrEE. t rlc L ight c ompany h a s u nderwrltu'n T he M allory H at C o . •. , . . .. , 5 , 000 t he s u b scriptions o f i ts e mployes, a ll T weedy S ilk ~11lI8 ._. . ..• •. .. ~,OOO o f w hom h ave s ubscribed f or s tock, a nd h as a rranged t o r eceive t he p uySOCI.E'l'lES. m ents i n e a.sy i nstallments . T he K nl g bts o t C o lnmbu s . .... . $ lOll l ighting c ompany h as j ust m ade a P rogresshll LotI8'e. I . O . O. J:#'. 1 00 $ 5,000 lI ubsCf'iption t o t h e s toc k o n i ts D allbnry L odge o f E lks . . . . 1 00 o wn a ccount. T his m akes t he l ightl \{ERCHAN'rS' C Ol\1l\U'l1I'EE. i ng c ompan y's f inancial i nterest i n t he e nterprl8e $tO,ooO , a s imilar s ubscrip- D anbury &: B ethel G as & E lec · tion h avln!" b een m ade p reviously. t rlc L ight C o. . . ... • .• , ... 3 .000 T he l i&'htlng c ompaJ;lY e xpects i ts s ub- . Jobn l \lcCnrthy . . .•. , • •... $ 6,000 sCTiption t o b e a g ood b usiness p ropo- J amCill G ara\' c1 . ......• •.. . 20 sition . a s m ore I ndustrie s a nd a b ig- A lfre d H . H igson . . ...•. ..• 2 50 ger D anbury w ill m ea n i ncrelliled I " rltz S asse . " . .. . .... .. .. 50 b usiness. B ig 1 !'h'e B arbM' S ho p . • . •.• 2 ;;0 In a l etter a ddressed t o t he G l'Orge E . H amillon . , . .... , 50 p pople o f t he c ity w ho h ave n ot y et J ohn S . } #'Ishcr . . .. , . . ..... ~O ~ubscrib~d, a nd ~~prcially t o e mployes 1 00 o f f acto ri es a nd b U6iness h ouses, t he B enjamin ),'. S cars . •. , ..... s pirit o f t he d rive a nd t he r enso ns F . C . B enjamin . .....•.... 1 ,000 1 00 f or t he d esire t o h ave a s m any i n- E dwin G . R oll . ..• . .. , .... 5 00 dividuals a s p ossible b ecome m em- C barl es H id e r . . . . , ..... . ... 2 00 ber s o f t he o rganization a re a dmir- 11. R ay B nJley . . , . . , ....... H e.rbert L ake . .. . .......... 90 ably s et f orth. C has. S . B a rnum & S cm . .... 1 00 T he l ett!'r s ays. I n p al·t: S amuel H . B loom . .... . .. , . 10 " YOll r ealize t hnt s o f ar t he reo A uto & S ign I #alnting C o. • •. 50 u lt s (I f t h e d rin a re v ery p leasing, in L, O . T irrell . . .. . . ... ..•.• 50 t hat w e h av e r a lspd a l arge s um o f .J. A . C anfteld . . , ..... . .... 50 m one\'. T h e m e r c h a nts a nd m a nu,. 1 00 facturer~ h av e s ubscribed h aadlome- Central ~lar. .e t . . . . ... .... . I y. T he t hing t hat n ow r emains t o K mm's I ns. a nd S a.mlth.lp 1 00 b e d one I s t o h a ve t he r emalnlnl{ A genoy . .. . . .... , . • , • ••.. 2 00 ~tock t aken b y a l arge n um ber o f A lexa.nder J ardon . .. .••.••• 1 , 000 e mploy('s . I f a ll t he s tock w as t aken H olt'l G ree n . . ..... •..... . 1 00 b y m anufactt;l'l'l's a nd n H'rchantl! i t E (lllllllld B . " ' atson . . , ., . . . 1 00 w ould s how a. t ine ~ pirit o n t heir P hilip N . S undel'land . . . .. . 10 p arty. b ut i t w ould a ccomplish o nl y D anbury B usiness I nstitute . . 1 00 p art o f t h " b ject~ o f t his c ampaign. D . G . P enfleld C o. . . .. ... . " The D anbury I ndustrial c orpo ra - Danbu~' -Bre~ ' ster I .umbM' 0 0. 1 .000 t ion w as f ormed a s a m edium Danbllr~' &. B l'thel ; Street t hrough w hich a ll t he p eople I n o ur R -'Iwa)' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50i c ommunnty c ould w ork f or D an- " ' Iltlman. F ield & V allre . .. 2 ;;0 b ury's u pbuilding . I ts obj~ct w as t o J am es IJ. D urkin . . , . . . .... 10 f a t l'r t he c ommunity s pirit a nd t o E lnl)reS8 T heatre . ..... , ... 5 00 g et e ven'body f llterested In s o m e o ne D anbur y C reamery . ..••••• • 2 00 1,)l'ogrr~sive t hing. ' I'his m eans t h e '~lIIlam F 'olcy . .. , • •• " . . . 2 00 I m an w ho w orks a t h is t rade s hall d o H . E . ~[eckcr . . .• . •• • .•... ; ;00 hi~ p art, n o m a tter h ow l ittle, I n a id- ,Jam es P . D oran . .••.•.•... 5 00 i ng t h(' w ork w hich t he c orporatio n i s , "' . S . H olman . .. . .•.. , ... 1 00 t r y ing t o d o . A m an w ho b uys o ne R obert A . L ake . ....... . .. 50 s hare o f s tock i s d oing s omething f or W allace G . O lmstead . . .... 50 h is t own. H e b ecomes a p art o f a f or A . H . H ale . ... , ... . ....... 1 00 w ard m ovem e nt a nd w ithout s ome a s- De~' ltt C . G lib""" . ... , ..... 1(1 s istan ce o n t he p art o f t he em,P\ol;'e, O UT.JOF T OWN S l B .....c:RIB:aRS. t he m ovement WIll n ot accomph~h I ts ~ f ull m easure o f s uccess. A l arge F . M . B ecker, ' R oston, ~a S8. , 50 n umber o f s to c kholders a dvertise t he L . W . 1 \{ceker, N ew Y ork . . 10 f a ct t hat a ll t he p eople a re b ack o f J:#"RO~{ O UTJJY ING D ISTRICTS . t he e ffort t o m ake o urs a b ig ger a nd A . H . P artrlck . , . ... , . .. .. , 50 b etter t own . D avid D . H awley . ..•. •• ••.. 50 " Five h undred s tockholde r s m ight C hester H atch . ..•.•••• •• .. 50 s up pl y t hl' m oney f or b uilding t he H . L . ~hcpard • ••• • •• " . . . 10 fa c tori~s. T wpnty-flvp h undred s tock- Andrew l \Jlshlco • •••.•••.... 10 h older s w ould s upply t hl' m oney a s C barlCl!! B . H atch . ..... . . . .. 10 w ell a s t hp s pirit t o c arry o ur e fforts L IST O F S UBSCRIPrIONS N OT t o a w ond (' rful s uccess i n a ll i ts a s I NCLUDED U NDER C LASSI· pe (' t~ . I t w ould m ark t hp d a wn o f F lED L ISTS. a n ('w e ra f or u s. I t w ould b e t he 1 ampaign for Fund for New C Factories is Going Forward to Complete Success. "T . \, d ~. J I ng l l'lOrl .....- ----------------------1 I 7, 191!), �MAIL New S tween T he m orni! t hat I b cpn a nd a ' s atisf is t o f rorr by . as\# i nn aD t he g reat m ajority, s hall p ut h is d ollar i n w ith y ours t hat t here m ay b e m anifested a c ommon i nterest a nd a l {reat s pirit o f w orl#lng tog~th"I'." C hairman D oran s aid t hi s a fternoon t hat c alls fOl' a dditional s ubscription c ards h ad b e e n r eceived f l'om s ome o f t he f actories. T he c ampaign c ommittee a nnounces t hat i t w ould b e h appy t o I t i s c onfidpntly e xpectpd t hat b e- have e very D anburlan c onstitute , f ore t he e nd o f t he p resent w pek t he h imself o r h erself a c ommittee o f I g oal o f t h e c ampa ign c ommittpe o f o ne t o s ecure s ubscriptions. T he u ecessary b lanks a nd I nformation t he D anbur y I ndustrial C orp oration c a n b e o bt ai ned a t t he t emporary - a q uarter o f a m illion d ollars f or o ffice o f t he c orpor ation i n t he O dd n ew f actol'ips i n t hi s ci t y- will h ftve ] #'ellows' b uilding, W e st s treet. b een r eached. ' Organizatlo. . ·ubscrlbt#. T h e t otal a mount o f t he SU~l!cril?-1 T hl'pe l ocal o rganizations h a\'e t ions I n h a nd a t t he pre~ent t Im I ' I S b ecome d ubscribers f or $ 100 e ach. i n e xcess o~ $ 200,000 a nd s l1bs c rip- The y a re t he K nights o f C oiumbus, t ions a r l' c om ing i n f rom m.an~ SOUl'C- Danbur y l od ge o f E lks a nd PI'O e~ . A s s tated a t t he b egmnmg o f gr es~ive l odge, I . O . O. F . w hat i s e x pect ed t o b e t he f inal w ee.k T he f ollowing a re a dditional s ubo! t he c ampa ign, t he o bje('t n ow I ~ s criptions I'eported b y t he c o mmi tto I ncrease t he n umb er o f s tockhold- tee anI.! f urther l ists w ill f ollow a s e 1'1' a s grcatl~' RS p os1'llble, i n o rd('r )'a~ldly a s t hey c an b e a rranged f or t hat t he e nterprise m ay b e.c ome e ven p ublication: m ort' o f a g reat c o mmunity p roJ ec t C O). .~nTTEE. t han i t i s a lr eady. P ROFESSIOXAI, T hi !' s tate ment. r epresenti n g th~ D r. W illiam T . B rooSQo ( cor~e ntlm~llt o f t hl' m ('mbers o f t he rcoUon . . .. . ...... , .' • •.. $ 100 b oard o f d irectors o f t he I ndustrial D r, S opbJa P enfield . ...... . 10 C orpor ation, w as expres~ed t o -d ay D r. S . V irginia C rawford . .. . 30 t hrough C hairman J ames F . D oran, D r. 8 . " ' . O le,. . ......•...• 10 o f t h,' c am paign ( 'ommittee: " The D r. G . E . L cuuut"r . .... ... . • 50 d irectors o f t hl' I ndustrial C orpora- D r. H . K nhrman . .........• 60 tion a re d eeply i nterested i n s mall D r. J . H oward B enedict . .. . 20 s ub!!c rlptlons, i n o rder t hat g reater R eT. T leo ) 1. Fhl11 . ........ . 10 c ommu nity s pirit m ay bl' d eveloped . D r. H . W . H awleJ . ... .. .. . 50 T he h ome int~rest r epresentl'd I n t he C has. '\'II'. ~Iurphr ( addtt.i()llal) 90 purchas.~ o f o ne s hare o f s to c l, m ay WO~IEN'S O O)D.ll'l.'TEE. b e g reater t han t hat o f a l arger a mount. W e a sk a ll I ntet-ested M rs. \ \'. H arry G reen . ..... $ 100 i n D anbury t o s how t heir c ivic s pirit l ira. ~'lora D . G cOrlr6 • .... . 10 b y p urchasing a t l east o ne s hare o f I rs. '.r , O. ) IlIIard • ...•• •.• 10 t hi" s tock." ) Ii.s8 A lice B . W ile . ,...... 50 T he " driye" t bis w eek I s e specI ally M r!;. M artha R . G l'ifting . ... 10 a mong 'e mployes o f f aotor ies a nd ) lrs. M lnn1e E . G riffing . . . , 10 b usiness e stablishments a nd t he } 1rs. } lary E , C ole . ... ...•. JO m anufacturers o f t he c ity h ave b een lH a sked t o e xplain t he e nterpl'lse t o M rs. U . S . j ,-itch . ... .. .... 10 t heir e mployes a nd t o c o-operate \\'it h 1\1rs. B . A . H ough . ... .. ... 50 t hem b y a rL'anging f or t he p urchase M rs. F ronkH. I ,ee . ....... l\l rti. J ohn \ \.. G re('n . .. . .. 50 o f s tock o n e asy t erms. 1 00 I n s everal o f t he f act ories m embe rs )11'8. M ury J . L asala, . ...... 50 o t t he f irms h a\'e a ddressed t he e m- ) lJsg ) largneritt# M . V eiller . • SO ployes personalJ~'. -The c o mmi ttee l \.lIss I mlu ~lurpby . ....... l ear ned t o-da .y t hat M i c hael ' Delohery. S arRh E . G . ) lau dcville . .. ... JO h ead o t t he D elohery H at C o . • m ade a MillS Carol~'n E . C rawford .. . 20 t elling a ddress t o h is e mployes y es- CltllJt.#n . .... . .............. 1 00 terday . T he D anbury & ; B~thel G as & E Lec- l \IANUFACTURERS' O OMMl'lTEE. tric L ight c ompany h as u nderwritten T he ~faJ1ory H Rt C o. . , . ... . $ 5,000 t he s ubscriptions o f i ts e mp loyes, a ll ' J'woody S ilk ~IllJs ._.... ..... 5 ,000 o f w hom h ave s ubscribed t or s tock, S OOIE'l'IES. a nd h as a rranged t o r eceive t he p ayments i n e asy i nstallments. T he K nl!(hlS o f C ohnnhns . ..... $ tOO l ighting c oml#any h as j ust m ade a P rogressive L odge.!. O . O. :t'. JOO $5 , 000 l IubsC!'iption t o t he s tock o n i ts D anbury L odge o f E lks . ... 1 00 own a ccount. T his m al,ell t he I Ightl. lng c ompany's f inan cial i nterest i n t he ~IEROHAN'.rS' CO~ll\ll'l1l'EE. e nterprise $10,000. a s imilar s ubscrip- D anb u ry &. B ethel G as & E lection h avl,,!, b een m a de p reviously. tric L ight 0 0. . . ... _ . . . . . . 5 .000 T he I ii'hting c ompaDY e xpects i ts !fUb- . lolm } (cCarthy . ..• , . ••.. . ' 5,000 scription t o b e a g ood b usiness p ropo- JalUC18 G nra"el . ,.......... 20 sition. a s m ore i ndu stries a nd a. b ig- A lfred 11. l Ugson . .. . . ....• 2 50 ger D anbury w ill m ean I ncl'eBlled I " ritz S asse . ..... . ..•••••• SO b usiness. B ig F hc B arber S hop . •.•.. 2 ;;0 I n a l etter a dd r essed t o t he G l'OrgC E . H amlllon . . ' • . , .. 50 p pople o f t he c i t y w ho h ave n ot y et 50 s ubscribl'd. a nd E'~p~cilllJy t o e mployes J ohn S . . 'islll'r . .......... , B cnJaJnin ],'. S {'ars . • , ...... JOO o f f actories a nd b usiness h ouse s. t he s pirit o t t he d rivp a nd t he r rasons F . C . B enJRmin _ . ... ' . ... . 1 ,000 tOO f or t he deslr~ t o h ave a s m a.ny i n- E dwin G . R off . ..• _ . . . . . . . 5 00 dividuals a s p o"siblp b eco me m em - C harles R ld('r . .... . ..• . . ... 2 00 \)el's o f t he o rganization a re a dmir- U . R ny B n.lley . ... . ........ H e.rbert L ak(' . ....... ..... , 90 ably s et f orth. C has. S . B arnum & S on . ..•. 1 00 T h e I ('ttel' sayl:', i n p art: S amuel H . B loom . .... . .... JO " You r ealize t hat s o f ar t he r e~I J# I I C 50 s uits o f t he dri\'l# a re \ 'ery p leasing, in A uto & . ; g n a nl ng 0 • • • • t hat w e hl1 " e r alsl'd a l arge s um o f L . O . T lrrt'll . ... . . ... , .... 50 m oney. ThC' m f'rchants a nd m anu- .J. . \ . C .lllfi ,·ld • ........ . .. 19~ f acturers h ave s ubscribed h aadaome- Ccntral l\lllrlo.eL . .. , . . . ....• 11'. T he t hing t hat n ow r emains t o K rom's I ruI. a nd S t.e&rn8hl,p 1 00 b e d one i s t o h ave t he r emelnlnlt Ag(.'Ilo), . ..........•..••.• 2 00 s tock t aken b y a l arge n umber o f A l exander J ardon , . ...•.••• 1 ,000 e mployes. I f a ll t he s tock w us t~k e n H OII'I G recn . ............ . 1 00 b y m anufa ctu- rH s a nd n 1l'rChallts i t F ;(lnumd B . ' ''Mson . . . .... . 100 w ould ~how a lin~ s p iri t o n t heir P hilip N . S undel'land . .... , 10 p arty. b ut i t w ould a ccomplish o nly D RnbuI'Y B usl l ess I nstitute . . 1 00 p art o f t he #object: o f t his c ampaign. D . G . P l"nfteld C o. . . ..... . " The D anbury I ndustrial c orpora- Da n bllr)' -BrM'l' ster J ,\Imb#T 0 0. 1 ,000 t ion w as f ormed a s a m edium D anbury & B l'thel ; Street t hrough w hich a ll t he p eople i n o ur R ailway . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5~ c ommunnty c ould w ork f or D an- '''Ildman. F Il'ld & V alll'c . •• 2;-;0 b UI'y's u pbuilding. I ts o bjpct w us t o . Juntes J ,. D nrkln . ....••..• 10 f ostl'r thl:' c o mmunity s p irit a nd t o E llll#ress T heatre . ... , ..... 5 00 g ('t e verybody I ntereRted In s om e o ne D llnbury C reamery . .••••••• 2 00 \#rogrPHsive t hing. T his m eans t h e '~lIIlam F oley . ....•.••... 2 00 , m Rn w ho w orks a t h is t rade s hall d o IT. E . JUe##k('r . .....••..... , ,00 hiH p art, n o m atter h ow l ittle, i n a id- .Jamcs P . D oran . ..•...•... 5 00 i ng t he w ork w hich t h e c orporation i s , "' . S . H olmlln . ... . , . . , ... 1 00 t rying t o d o. A m an w ho b uys o ne R obert A . L ake . .. ... . . .•. : ;0 s h a re o f s t ock i s d oing s o mething f or W allace G . O l mstead . ..•. ' 50 h i s t own. lIt# b ecomes a p art o f a f or A . H . H ale . .... . , . _ . . _ . ' . . 1 00 w ard m o\'ement a nd w ithout s ome a s- De",·ltt O. G ilbert . .. .. ..... 10 s is tan ce o n t he p art o f t he e mploye" . . t he m ovemenl w ill n ot a ccompli8h i ts O UT.JOF , TO' VN 81: B ...'lCRIB}lRS. f ull m easure o f s ucc es s. A l arge F . M . B ecker, ' R oston. :Mass. $ 50 n umber o f s tockholders a dvertise t he L . W . ~Ieekcr, X ew Y ork . . 10 f act t haot a ll t he p eople a re b ack o f ":t'R0~( O UTJJYIN'G D ISTRICTS. t he e t'fort t o m ake o urs a b igger a nd A . H . P artrlck , . .......... $ :;0 b ettp r t own. D avid D . H awley . .. •••.•... 50 " Five h undred s tockholders m ight C hesler H atch , ............ 50 s upply t hl' m oney f or b uilding t he H . L . ~hcpard . • .•••••••.. 10 f actol·il's . T wpnty - ftve h undred s tock- Andrew M ishleo • •.•••.... , . 10 h olders w oulrl s upply t hp m oney 8 5 C barle! B . H atch . . . . . . . . . . . 10 w ell a s t hl' s pir it t o c ar ry o ur e fforts L IST O F S UBSCRIPTIONS N OT t o a w ondHful s u ccess i n a ll i t s aR I NCLUDED U NDER O LASSIpeC't~. I t w ould m ink t hp d awn o f FlED L ISTS. a n ew e ra f or us. I t w ould b e t he a n s w er t o a dversp c riticism . I t M ayor W illiam O . G ilbert . ..• $ 200 w ould b e R~ a l aurel w reath u pon W llllum F . D obbf! . .... , . .. . 40 t he b row o f t hosp w ho h ad f aith a nd J ohn R . P erki n s . .......... . 10 l )() manlfrRt~d i t b y t heir w ork s, f or t he J ames R yan . ..... . .. , . .. , . . g ood o f t his, t heir h ome . 10 E rnest J . B oughey . ..... ... . 10 " Th e b alance of o ur $ 210.- O rin B . B utler . .. .... ...... . 10 000 s tock s hould b e t aken b y F l'a.ncis P . M#lCoy, J r. . . ... . 20 II. l arge n umber o f p eople. W e O wen L . B assett . .. ...... , . . 40 l ook t o t he emplo:ve~ t o h elp U ll A ndrew , "'. COlln.l« . .... , . .. . 10 a .ccomplis h t his e nd . T he v alue o f E d",'JU'd Lellell;\' . .... .. . .. . . 1 00 e Vl'ry d ollar t hat t he e mployel' h as N ormall \ \' . D lggarl. ....•... 50 p ut I nto t his s tock i s i n c reased b y J.JOIUS T heurer . ... .. .. ...•.. 10 ,'ye ry r lollar's w orth o f s tock t hl' e m- » eter S oderberg' . ... .. .....• 10 ploye b urs. I n s tate s tatement, w e GOOI'(l'1l D . S orthrop . ...... , 10 81' e n ot t hinking o f t h e m oney valu~ S quire B ernard R Olllans . . . . . 10 s o m uch a s t he b enefits d erl\'ed f rom (;eor",rc Au..;tln . ....... .••••• t he c o-operati\'e s pil'it g ain d . T he ,J0861#h H . .\ llStin . .......• , . 5 f) 50 s pirit o f w orking t ogpthf'r, e ac h o np D lniel ' Vrlght . ........•.•.• h elping a nd d oing h i s p ut , a ll f or J J1Unall L. H ubbell . . • ....•• _ 10 for Fund for New Factories is Going Forward to Complete Success. ' o d, "#\" J GOAL OF INDUSTRIAL FUNDQUARTER MILLION ! ICampaign m 1 J: l,. i ng m ort I t l ffimD ~oJld : t. , �\ I r)AJ.~BURY E'~NING N E'VS. l \IONDAY, O CTOBER 7. 1919. e ve of the .~ .... 1 - , b ury· Industrial C orporation S tock. •i T . l ess t han -25",0 OAL • ( , 4 0,000 l or t he e DJaining , 7,000 P eople. I ( y, e. Le ' b i oht i E verybody s ubscribe t t is n ew f actory b uilding project, a nd D anbury will g o forwar~ s teadily a nd s urely. I T he d irectors a re k e Iy i nterested in small subscriptions, in o rder t hat g reater c ommunity spirit m ay b e d eveloped. T he o rne i nterest r epresente in t he p urchase o f o ne s hare of s tock m ay b e g reater t han t hat o f a l arg r amount. Show y our ivic spirit b y b uying stock. I T he m ore f actories a nd t he m ore d iversified t hey a re t he g reater a m an's c hances o f o btaining l ucrative e mployment T HE Y EAR 'ROUND. E nco ur age t his g reat c ommunity e ffor t by t aking o ne o r m ore s hares-have a p art i n t he o wner. s hip o f t hese buildings. This space contributed to the Danbury Industrial Corporation's Factory-building Drive by the American Hatters' and Furriers' Co. and the Connecticut Glue Co. , • ----- ---- - -~- -- ,"'''qs". ~ ".' • ·.r . �TUESDAY~ D ANBURY E YEXIKG X EWS, - au D ._--- - - - Y I NDuST M anufacturers of DENATURED AND WOOD ALCOHOL, 3 9 P ahquioque Ave., I TWEEDY SILK MILlS, M anufacturers o f TELEPHONE 8 00. THE MUTUAL FUR CUTTING CO., INC. 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t., D anbury. T elephone 3 9. 'I ,~ THE FRANK H. LEE CO., I ~L F INE F UR H ATS. C apacity 2 ,500,000 M anufacturers o f We coul d f ill a half dozen modern factory buildings IMME DIATELY with substantial industries, if we only had the factories. Let's put 'em up. High-Grade Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. THE HULL HARDWARE AND PLUMBING CO. Ma nufacturers o f t he ! danufacturers o f HAT TERS' FUR S, B eaver S t., D an bury. BAXTER HOT AIR FUR NACE. 1 83 Ma.in S t ., D anbury. TELEPHONE 2 4 . Telephone 1 5 9. f or t he t rad e, And J obber o f Bed S p rings. ~ H. McLACHLAN & CO., Ma.nufa.cturers of FINE FUR FELT HATS IN THE ROUGH. 6 0 Moss Ave., D anb ur y. F actory-Daley's L a.n e. Rowa.n S t ., D anbury . T elephone 8 55. Telephone 3 55. THE SHORT H CO., AT ! danufacturers o f D. E. LOEWE &CO., ] [anufacturer o f MEDIUM AND HIGHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. S OFT F UR F ELT, H ATS. Every.Citizen o f D anbury T elephone 1 80. TELEPHONE 3 5. W. F, TOMUNSON CO., D [anufacturers o f Is invited to become a shareholder in this organization-put YOUR shoulder to the wheel, that Danbury's industries may grow in number and diversity. HATTERS' MACHINERY, THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. AUTOM ATI C-SEALI NG BURIAL VAULTS T ELEPHONE 7 00 . DORAN BROS., M anufacturers o f , ] [anufaoturers o f J . EDGAR PIKE, S ecretary. T elephone 3 47. ~ P. YOUNG & SONS CO., ] [anufa.cturers o f W aterproofed s teel r e-Inforced c oncrete. ' VlIJ wt 7 - 9 R iver S t ., D anbury. 9 -27 R iver S t. , Danbury. _ ________ t _ ______ , t broulth t he a ge!!. S old t hrougb n ndl.'rtakers a nd d elivered t o a ny p olnt ~· lthln f ift y m lle!! . HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. 3 9 R ose S t ., Danbu~y . 3 36 ] [ain S t., D anbury . Telephone 7 3. WARNER BROS. CO., J aanufacturers o f Hoyt-Messinger Corp., CE&..£I'EV-1"ED ~ ...d\ AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., R iver S t. , D anbury, Oonn. DAVIS & HINE ROUGH HAT CO., __ " '- 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury. 4 3 F oster S t ., D anbury. P ower S t ., D anbury. MEN'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. - -- . ._---- ... _ M anufacturer o f All Kinds o f Substantial Factories Attract Substantial \Industries. M ETA L BALL CO., H eads a Y ear. - - -. - --~. - - M ATTRESSES
D anbury , Conn. Wm. F . Buzaid, P resident a nd M anager. D [anufacturers o f ..... H. LONDA, 'HELP DANBURY. HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNOINGS, Waste, Skins, Etc., GELATINE AND GLUE. H AT B ANDS A ND B RAIDS, - Goods M a de H ere Go to All Parts o f t he vVorld. D anbury . E lmwood P lace. Tel. 2 92. I AL D I R ECTORY.' ---_. DANBURY I S A B USY P LACE W rrH A C ONSTANTLY W IDEN IN G D IVERSITY O F I N DUSTRIES. Solvents Recovery Co., And S{!uare Paper Boxes. 7, 1919. . Danbury Square Box Co., F IBREBOARD S HIPPING C ONTAINERS O CTOBER A T_ _,_ H ATS I N T HE R OUGH. CORSETS, P APER B OXES a nd A ccessories. ~_I~_ I _ Chestnut S t., F oot E ast Danbury Electri Ma nul E LECTRIC Su H ighland Co., T elephone 1 T1 . THE CLARK BOX CO., LUKE F. SWEENEY, CORRUGATED AND FIBRE-BOARD CONTAINE H at B oxes, MILL CONTRUCTION AND GENERAL CONTRACT WORK OF ALL KINDS. �' ,nevonualnar 1.,,0., 1 T ELEPHONE 2 63. W ood B oxe s. I D anbury, Conn. 4 36 M ain S t. The Ellis Contracting I and Welding Co., IMPERIAL SILK WORKS, ~----------~ ' ~----------~ I COTRELl & lEONARD, M an u facturers o f "THE JETNA." HAT BANDS, BRAIDS T he G uaranteed H at . Soft and Stiff Shapes. T horpe S t ., D anbury. P ark A venue, D anbury. T el. 1 044 . THE CONNECTICUT GLUE CO., Danbury Manufacturing Company. M anufacturers o f P roducers o f B uilders o f P URE R ABBIT S KIN GLUE. N AINSOOK UNDERWEAR, HIGH-GRADE MEMORJAL HAT MACHINERY 1_ I I ,I I c_a _pa_·t i_es_._ _. .! Cl_ __ 2 3 E ast F ranklin S tre et, Awnings and Tents. M anufa.cturers o f T el. 8 6. M anufacturers o f , STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH I '---.- -~-- I IIIrI. . -~A' - t(b,,*A.. I~'==)L~ D anbury, Oonn. - -.. . BEARING CO. BALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. M aple Ave., D anbury. .. BEAVER BROOK PAPER MIL INC. LS, M a.nufaoturers o f F INE F UR F Elll" .. ,-. Ja,s. E . Galla.gher, P res ., M anufactu r ers o f , WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIA LTIES. ! .-----------_--1 .____ L ._ _T_ _le_Ph_o_ne_7_7_0.~_; .~ TURNER MAC NE O~., I JOHN W. G &SO :......~T_EL"""'-=PH=O=-N~~13=0_.~_ HI REEN NS, E E8 THERE IS ACTUAL JOY 3 10 M ain S t., D anbury. M anufacturers o f REGAL HATS. THE MALLORY HAT CO., M anufacturers o f T horpe S t ., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 7 68 . a nd P ower. T ELEPHONE 4 09 . GEORGE A. McLACHLAN, A LL K INDS OF F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH, W iring f or E lectric L ight I THE BALL & ROLLER' WINTHROP AND 1 2 M allory S t., D anbury. •JOHN S. FISHER, Electrical Contractor. T elephone 9 08 -2. T ELEPHONE 9 9 . COLUMBIA HAT CO., B arnum ' s C ourt, Nea.r N orth S t. , D anbury. I 4 5 R iver S t ., D anbury . I i F. D. TWEEDY &CO., T elephone 2 31. ~----.----------~ I ~--------------~ I ! M anufaoturer o f Ta.ylor S t., D anbury. F or I llumination, H eat a nd P ower. O ffice-238 M ain S t . T elephone 3 0 . P lant-Pahquioque Ave. T ELEPHONE 5 2. 1 , 500 l bs . t o 1 2 , 000 l bs. AND FINISHERS OF COTTON YARNS. PATR ICK DURKIN, IN THE ROUGH. GAS AND ELECTRICITY 1 8 C rosby S t., D anbury. I SIMON & KEANE, STOCK HAT BODIES M anufacturers o f T o f it a ll s izes o f w ires. E LECTRICAL C OMMERCIAL V EHICLES T HREAD S t r eet a nd M ontgo mery Stree~, D a n bury. M anufacturers o f DANBURY & BETHEL GAS AND ELECTRIC CO., H AT W IRES AND S TEEL C LASPS M anufa c turer s o f I M anufacturers o f D anbury. Tel. 8 69 . ----------------~ I ~----------------· M anufacturer o f All K inds o f T elephone 1 260. C. I. ROBINSON & CO., ': T elephone 1 370. GEORGE A. KINNER, P ower S t., D anbury. ~---------------- I ~--------------~ B ranch F acto ries i n M tllerton, N . Y ., B rewster, N . Y . , a nd B e th el . Co nn . T elephone 1 59 . 1 4 E llswort h Ave., Da.nbury. T elephone 5 6. P OWER S TREET . N ew B eaver S t ., D anbury. CEMETERY WORK. 2 0 C rosby S t ., D anbury. PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. " T ELEPHONE 1 448. M. H. SCHLITTER & CO., NEW MACHINE CO., M anufacturers o f R iver S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 2 99. ------------------ , ----------------~ . lANSDEN CO., INC., T el . U . 5 6-58 E lm S t. , D anbury. MACHINERY DIVISION, "HI-LO" F UR F ELT H ATS. R ose S t ., D an bury. WELDING AND BRAZING. AND CORDS. T ELEPHONE 3 70. M anufacturers o f H A T TERS ' FURS, A nd a ll k inds o f T el. 1 2 oJ7 ~--------------~' I ~--------------THE HILL & LOPER CO., THE FRANK H. LEE CO., O utter s o f MACHINE CONTRACTING M ,nufacturers o f ce., PECK FUR D anbury. I ' _ T el._. _ _ _- ' =9 I M ills-B eaver B rook, D anbury. THE MURPHY-GORMAN COMPANY. M anufacturers o f "EMERSON" HATS . F actory-North E nd, D anbury . TELEPHO NE 2 1 1. I - W you have done a li ttle m re than you r pari. hen o Ta ke more shares in the D I. C. . 1·~.=~=~~F~~~~~~ _ _ _ ~_ . M anufacturer o f ,; HAT MACHINERY AND / TURNER TURR ETS J Man ufa c turers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADES OF SOF T 2 8 - 40 M aple AY e., Da.n tjurl I AND STiFF HATS . T ELEPHONB 1 7. ! j Iron and Bra~s Foundry, I ,[ I I YOU C OJ AFFOR TO TURN AN D P ahquioque Ave., D anbu ry. The head or close the hind to the appeal to help in T elep hone 1 9. th e industrial upbuildi ng of Danbury. I �M~RetJiew F EDERAL n ESEn V E B ANK O F B OSTON ........ . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . .... T he Danbury Industrial Corporation ~ . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Third in a series o f articles describing individual community industrial-delJelopmenl programs i n New EnglanrI) IN 1918, the 19,000 i nhabitants of Danbury, Connecticut, were entirely dependent upon the manufacture of hats and allied products for industrial employment. T he h at i ndustry was highly seasonal. While the bourly wages of h at workers were higb, their yearly incomes were low. Reliance on one indUlltry led to unstable employment conditions and encouraged many of t he ambitious young people of D anbury t o leave town t o look elsewhere for employment. T o improve the situation the people of the community wanted t o diversify the city's industrial base. T o do that, a group of businessmen formed the Danbury Industrial Corporation shortly after the end of World War I . T heir venture was one of the first community-development corporations in t he country. T hey sold stock for $ l Oa share to the general public to raise t he original capital of the corporation. I t was not difficult to sell the stock. More than 1,000 original stockholders bought $163,000 worth of stock . There were m any small stockholder IUld unly 8 f~w large ones; some participants bought only one share. The h at manufacturers of Danbury cooperated fully in t he venture and constit.uted the largest group of stockholders in the corporation. Some manufacturers sold stock a t their plants to employees. and one even bought stock for his employees. T he D anbury Industrial Corporation purchased an existing industrial building of 36,000 square feet for its first acquisition and rented i t to a new manufacturer. Later the industrial corporation constructed an 8,800 square-foot addition to the plant. Since the industrial corporation bought its first factory, i t has built five new plants t o the specifications of manufacturers wh o first oocupied t hem O il II 11'11 basis. Tbe rentals are based on tbe original cost of the buildings and range from 35 to 50 cents per square foot a year. T he corporation has shown a willingness to grow with its tenants and has constructed additions t o i ts buildings from time to time as the need has arisen. Altogether, the Danbury Industrial Corporation has built a bout 250,000 square feet of modern industrial space for the diversified enterprises which i t has brought into Danbury. Originally the corporation did not intend to sell its buildings. However, i t has sold two of them t o t enants who wanted t o own their factory space. The corporation is now prepared to build plants on a rent-amortization basis with an option for t he occupant t o purchase if he should so desire. The industrial corporation has used its own funds to finance p art of the cost of construction of new factories. With t he capital of the corporation available as equity Page 8 money, insurance companies have been willing t o lend additional surns on a mortgage basis to erect the factories. While local banks have not p ut money into the buildings, they have aided the community's industrial development by making short-term loans to manufacturers in the industrial corporation's plants. Danbury has made good progress in converting from a one-industry town since the establishment of the industrial corporation Only about half of its industrial employment is now concentrated in the h at industry. The Danbury Industrial Corporation has brought six new manufacturers into Danbury largely by providing desirable industrial space on a rental basis. Those concerns now employ about 575 workers and have a total annual payroll of approximate ly $1,300,000. T he diversiilcation of industry in Danbury through the efforts of the industrial corporation has led to the establishment of a pool of skilled and semi-skilled workers in a variety of industries from which o ther new manufa turers can draw. T he existence of the Danbury Industrial Corporation and an improved community attitude toward industry have been important factors in causing a t lea st six other manufacturers to locate in Danlmry, eVE'n though they have not asked for help from the industrial corporation. I n addition to the construction of five new plants and the purchase of one existing building, the Danbury Industrial Corporation has acquired good industrial land along the railroad during the past several years. With desirable industrial sites on hand, i t is now in a position to deal with prospects as soon as they t urn up and t o fill their needs promptly. The D anbury Industrial Corporation maintains an office with a paid secretary, b ut t he officers of the corporation serve without compensation. The corporation does not utilize advertising campaigns or other promot ional clpvices to a ttract manufacturers. I t has had the most success in working through industrial realtors. The corporation has carefully screened prospective tenants, and has maintained close contact with those who moved in. I t has sustained only one default on its leases. The stockholders have always thought of t he industrial corporation as a nonprofit organization, and i t h as not promised dividends or paid them regularly. Nevertheless, the corporation has declared dividends from time t o time in the past 32 years as i t h as built up surplus funds. I t has repaid stockholders 51 p er cent of t be original cost of their stock in dividends. The corporation has plowed a large p art of i ts earnings back into the business, and i t has sustained no losses. As a result, its assets today considerably exceed the original $163,000. All of its buildings are in firstdass condition and are fully occupied. The Danbury Industrial Corporation is in a sound financial position t o continue its work. D ECEMBER 1950 �T HE D ANBURY N EWS, W EDNESDAY, OCTOBER INDUSTRIAL DRIVE NEARS GOAL OF QUARTER MILLION 8, 1919. I ].;. H . l larnulII . ... . ~ .JamllS S . Wg~in -20 : H 06alio ' 1'oma l no . ......... 1 00 i C lifford A . S mall . .......•. 2 00 , P elTY K atz . .. • ........•... 1 00 ,' A lbet·t S ands . .........• ... 1 00 C IuIl'lcs E . G dlllug . •........ 5 00 H . D . F rey . ............... ;:;0 E l"IIl'st A . B reton . ... .. ...... 30 T he d rive o f t he D anbury I ndus- JOSE'ph O . F erris • . ........ ;;0 ' t f d J ohn O etzel . ... .•. ......... 1 00 t rial C OI'poration t o o mp Ie te 1 s U ll o t a q uarter o f a m illion d ollal's I 'VO~lEN'S C OIU . \llTl'EE. l i t hrough t he s ale o f i ts c apital s tocl, M rs. •1 ennle P . H olley . ..... $ 20 i s n ea ring i ts f inal g oal. . M rs. L ydi#l N otmun . ....... 10 C hai rm a n J ames F . D oran a nnounc- I ~rrs. P I'auk K . " rUw llau . ... JO h t ~[rs . A ddle W arner . ......... 10 e d t his a fternoon t hat t e a moun ~fiss l 'fary B . H olley . ....... 10 o t t he s tock a ctually s ubscrib ed f or u p t o-da.y i s $316,300 a nd t hat w i t o PROFESSIONAI~ CO~L'll'lTEE. s ubscripti olUl c ertairf t o c ome i n t he I D r. H . F . Bt'Ow11loo . ....... $ 100 I D r. D . C . B rown . .... . .... 1 00 t otal n ow i n s ight i s $24 0,000 . 0 n y D r. L ouis H . I \{\ller . ......... 50 All But Final $10,000 Believed to Be in Sight-Thousand More Subscribers Wanted. I :.:..z.-: : I I $10,000 I s n eeded t o m ake t he sum~ANUFAC'l'URERS' CO~Drr'rrEE. U s ubscribed t o t he m ovement $260,000. I t i s t he d esire o f t he c ampaign co~• s~clton D u,'enport . ....... $ 200 m ittee t o a nnounce o n D anbury D ay O Ur·OF-TO"'N S UBSCRIBERS. a t t he F air t hat t he g oal h as b een G eol-ge A . M .lgnel·ey . .... . .. $ 50 Cl 1 r eached a nd t hat t he p eople o f t his O RGANIZATIONS. o c ity h a\'e s ubscribed a q uarter o f a p' m iilion d ollars t o a id i n i ncl'easmg P rogrossh'e L odge, I . O . O . F . $ 100 t he n umber a nd d ivel'slty o t t he c ity's N OT C LASSIFIED. i ndustries. T en t housand d ollars m ght h ave P . J . L:\#-neh . ............ . $ 250 10 ~eemcd liI#e a H taggering a mount t o B urton I L S mlt.h . ..•.. . •.. 50 t' r :.ise a f ew m onths a go. b ut i n t he I B erllut'd A . G l lhnJ)' . ...••.• •• 20 n ew o rder o f t hmg's t hat h as d e- G ilorga E . .I\ lo rton • .. .. •.... 20 " eloped t hl'ough t he le~ons o f c om- j Geol'ga ' IVl'ight . ..•..••••••• • 10 m unity c o-operation t aught b y. t he A lfred " ' . H olley . .......... . w artime d rh es i t b ecomes r elatIvely E l-Uest ' V. B ailey . •.......... 50 a t rifle a n d C hairman D oran e xpress• # d a bsolute c onfidence t o-day t hat E L\fPLOYE O F T HE D ANBURY & t he a mount t hey h a.ve B et o ut f or B E'.l'lIEIJ G AS &. E LEO. C O. w ould ' be f ortpooming w ithin . the d e- W. T . B lLlkloy . ..... . . . . . . . . $;:;0 ~ired t ime. H e a dded t hat I t m ust B ruce l \rorrfson . ....•...... 10 n ot b e t hought t hat a ny a clmowledg- Cbar l es F . S cofield . .... . .. 10 m ents a re b eing h~ld b ack. t o m ake H . R . l liaelanun . ...•..... 10 t he $10,000 c ertain. l or t hat ) 5 n ot t ht: J ames T . B owman 10 C :l ' e a nd o nly t h£' c o-operatIOn o f , . ...... . akcr . ............. £ verybody a nd r eady r esponse t o t he A . " . 10 c all f or s ubscriptions w ill m a.ke i t C . H . ' 1aylor . ....... .. ...• 10 ! Jo:\sible t o r each t he g oal t his we~k. J ohn F . C ulhane . ........... 10 T he n umber o f i ndividual s ubSCt'I\)- James ! {ay . .. ..•..••..... . HI e n; ha:o; n ot y et r eached t he 1,000 J ohn J . l 'olRn . ........•••.. 10 m ark, a lthougb t he c orpo rati on i s b y J ames Na~h . . . ............• 10 t l1r t he l argest, i n p oint o f n umber o f M. W . i\furdook . . .. ... . .... 10 I Itockholdel·s. t hat h as e ver b een C lark G reen . ........ ....... 10 f onned i n t his c ity. T he p resent e f- John B lgbam . . ... ..... .... HI o r A rthur J . B rownlee. . . . . . . . . . 10 ,"ort i s t o i ncI'ease t he n umber ~tockhoJder" , a s w ell a s t o i ncrease K arl J . F aust . ............• 20 t he a mount o f w orJ, ing c apita! o f t he C OI'nelius C ulhane . ... . •...• 10 c orporation a nd i f t he r emaining S tanley . l\feKenney . ......... 10 $10,000 o f ~tock c ould h e d istributed S ydney IAX' kwood . ......• .. 10 a mong 1,000 s tookholdel·s. t hat a c- GeOl'ge A . ) -li ll er . ..••....... 10 c omplishment w ould b e m ost s atls- F!'ullk A nderson . ......•.... 10 I actory t o C hairman D oran ~l.Ilcl t he ~ ru UIll C . A beles .. . . • . . . . . . . 10 o ther d irectors o f t he e nterprise.. I". J . P ierce ...... . ... .... .. 10 P dor t o t he p reAent c ampaign O l'este D elmonte....... . . . . . JO a bout s ixty p er c ent. o f thE' B tock O harles G oetz . .. .... . .•...• HI s ubscrIbed f or h ad p e e n t al,en b y J obll M organ • , . . . . . . . . • .. • 10 m anufacturers a nd a bout t en p er C b:wles CIUI#P • .•.•••..•••.• 10 c ent. b y t he m erchants o f t he c ity. J oseph W hIte . ••••..•.....• JO C hairman D oran a nndunce d ~t t he J ohn ' l'orlelli . •••.•••••.••. 10 o utset o f t he c ampaign t hat I t w as J ules K rllplnsky • ••••.•.. . . • JU h oped t hat t he merchant~ w ould r e- Stephen S edirnDle l' . .•• .•...• 10 Y erse t his o rder o f t hings I n t he F Award J . B urns • .•.•••..• 10 p resent d rive a nd ell.pre~sed c onfl- Nelson I ngraham . ••• •..... 10 d ence t hat t hey w ould d o s o. T he ' Vm. C . T aylor • .•.••...... 10 c hairman's p rediction h as c ome W . H . N olan . •••.•••••.•.• 10 p retty n ear t o b ein!; f ulfilled, f or A lfred K elle)" . ,............ 10 t he r ecord s how t hat u p t o t o-day J ohn .I\fosla. . . ..•• .•... • .•.• 10 m anufacturers h a\'e t aken $ 53,680 .1. ~I. F lanigan . ........... to o f t he s tock s old i n t he p l ' esent E . J . F agan . ....•... . .•. . .. 10 d rive a nd m erchants h ave t aken H erman H odge . ...... ... .. 10 $ 53,620. T he r ace b etween t he G eorg e B . D el-'orest . ....... 10 M anufacturer' c om mitt ee a nd t he ) .fichael K elly • ••....•...... 10 J \[orchantR' c ommittee h as b ecome F re#l B . S mith • .. ... ...... 10 ' 0 c losc t hat i t i s d ecidedly i nterest- C. E . '1'hOIllPSOll . .••........ 10 i ng. ' Villia.m N ewkirk • •.......• 10 T h (' V\~ o m a ll '" c ommi t t ee r e port e d J ohn F Janag-an . .... . . . .... 10 Co t ne g e, e a l c om m ittE-e t o-d3y. A le. ft-nder "' loug'!n . ......... 10 t hat n umerous i nquiries h ad b een A lexlUlder R oss . ..• •••••••. 10 ~ r ('cciv('d f r'om w omert w ho d esi1'ecl J . Ra~'JIIond P opke . . . . . . . . . . 1 0 '/ t o s ubHcribe fOI' Htocl~ a nd w anted G .E. C owperth,wait . .. .... . . . 10 t o I wo,," w here tLH'y c ould d o s o. '1'holll#1s . \. S ettle . .. . . •.••• 10 A ny m ember o f t he W oman's c om- \" j lliul\1 F . P otter......... . 10 m iltpe w ill b p g lad t o t ake s uch s ub- Hurolll A . 8#.-otield . .. .. ..•.• 20 s criptions. Th e m embers o f t his .1. F rank ~(o ..g all, J r. • ..... 20 c omm i ttpe a l'e Mr~. J . C. D owns, ] ",illiall C . L ynCh . ........... 10 M r ". •J . W . G reen, M iss G ale R obin- Herta H ltitsch . .. .•..•.• .. . . 10 . ...- - - - - - - - - - - - . : . . . . - - - -.......1 s on, l\IrR. .J ohn M cCarthy, M rs. C . U artha D ress ler. ........... 1 0 . ._ _ _ _ _ _ _~_ _ _ _ _~_ _ _" . D . P arI,s , M rs. , V. H . F oley, M is s A nna ~f. G ildea • ..•.••....• 10 A lice W ile. A ny o f t he b anks w ill G ifford S anford . ..•• . •.•... 10 r eceiv e s ubscriptions a nd t he t em- Donald S ands . .....• . • • .. , . 10 p oral'Y offic(# o f t he I ndustrial C or- F. G uthrie S amls . ..•••...•• 20 p oration , i n t he O dd F ellows' b uild- Grandtson 1!'. Y ales • •.•••... 10 i ng o n ' Vest s tre e t. i s o pen f or t hat G . H arold D avis . .•..•.•... 40 P UI·pos e. T he i nitial p aym£'nt i s a A. S underland . .....•. . •••.. 6 1 0 d ollar u pon e ach s hare. T he r - W. P . G uinan . ....•...•.... 10 m aind e l' w ill b l' c alled f or i n f our C . L . P roctor . ............. 50 i nstalml'nt s. Th(# f ollowing a 1'(# a dditional R U h ~cription s r eponed b y t he c ommit· t ee : o I I Jf , .l\IERCHIL~'I'S' CO~l.I\rrTl'EE. SeH£' rt & G oos . .. . .......•.. $ 300 J ohn J . •T ohn son . .. .. . . ..... 2 00 JaJlu~ H arris . . ...... . ..... 50 . Tames S het'lllall . .......••.. 20 TJOuis S o lomon . . .........•.• 20 J ). G . P enfi e ld C o. . ......... 1 , 000 . Tolm D oyle . ..............• 50 \ Villllllll J . S hea . •........•. : ;0 ' - I CIIIII\ B akery . ............. 50 G~,,-ge F . H awley . ......... 50 T he G l'Rnd ~ucler . . .....•.. 50 F'. E . H artwell . . . . . . . .. ... 1 00 M artin H . G t'illing . . ... .. .. . 5 00 R obert V . S ears . .. . .... . ... 1 00 - - - _ - 'tOO �• + ~ T • r eha e d D. I . C. a e sman so THAT IT CAN BE A o C FROM THE JU G S STAND AT THE DANBURY FAIR DANBURY N u ED E' , DAY (FRIDAY), THAT UPWA D 0 2000 LOYAL· DANBURIANS HAVE UNITED TO BUILD U THEIR S P CITY TO GREATER INDUSTRIAL P M INENCE. . SECURE STOCK SALE S CIPTIONCARDS AT T OFFICE OF THE DANBURY INDUSTRIAL COR· . UBS HE UILDl , E .PORATION, ODD FELLOWS' B GWST STREET. . THE COMMITTEE WISHES TO AVO THE NECESSITYOF AHOUSE-TO-HOUSE CANVASS; A CAN ID ND IF EVERY ONE WILL MAKE APROMPTSUB SCRIPTION AND IF STOCKHOLDERS WILL B E SALESECOM MEN. ', LET'S FINISH THIS JOB ANDPUT THED. I. C. OVERT TOP TO-MORROW. HE - . . ' This space co~tri bu t ed to the Danbury Industrial Corporation's Factory-building Drive by the Frank H. Lee Co. �LIST OF SUBSCRIPTIONS SENT TO THE CITY NATIONAL BANK 1 5 5 1 10 20 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 10 5 5 2 2 2 2 10 5 1 2 1 00 S hares " It It " " ft It " " " It It It tt " " " ft " " It II It It tI tt OCTOBER16 , 1 919 C larence D. B rooks · ~ 1 0 . 00 J . D. Cunningham ~ 5 .00 G. F red Lyon , / 5 .00 Wm. A. B ra un J-.-1 0 . 00 Pet er D urkin"'J . an 1 iorni A dolph H uber v N. T . B ulkley v 2 0.00 C harl es B rundage 2 .60 J r. v Anson P addock, 1 0 . 00 1 0.00 Edwin P addock v / W. F . C orgal v 1 .00 Edward H. B ailey 1 0.00 E . C . G inty --D. W McNa.mara ~ . A lander M n gani v Geo. R obertson ~ M. C lohessy---R. Krakow ,. . . . . .S amuel B . Dunham ~ B rooklyn , N. Y. 2 0.00 E lla L. S mith ~ 20.00 Mrs . r ach S elzer v 2 0.00 I d a l D rug C o. L /" A lex. P rinz ~ 1 0.00 A stor Weaver . . . .---2 0 . 00 James S hawcross ~ C lark Box Company . . . . . . . The f ollowing h ave a lready b een l 1sted 5 s hares O sborn-Barnes Co . J ames C lassen 5 .00 1 2.50 �'PAN!iT}llY EVENING NEWS. ;rHt1RSD~Y. O CTOBER . 9, 191{). i. r -·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ~ ONF MORE PULL ALL TOGETHER, AND OVER 'THE TOP WE GO. LESS THAN $25,000 TO BE RAISED, AND MORE THAN 25,000 DANBURIANS NOT YET OWNING ASINGLE SHARE OF STOCK. BUY NOW, HELP PUT THE QUARTER MILLION OVER THE TOP. Danbury Industrial Corporation Factory-Building Stock Drive. ' ~particular • ·FACTORY FUND NEARER GOAL Stock Subscriptions Now in Hand Total Over $225,000. S ome l arge s ubscriptions r eceived y esterday b rought t he t otal o f t he s ales o f t he s tock o f t he D anbury I ndustri a l C orporation u p t o t his m orning t o $ 225 , 000, a nd t he c ampaign i s g radually d rawing .n ~a. rel' t o i ts g oal o f a q uarter o f a n lllllOn d ollars. . S everal l arge s ubscriptions w hich c ame i n y esterday h elped t o . :arry t he f igures u p t o t his t otal. A mong t hes o a re t he s ubscription o f t he T aylor O pera Hou~e f or $ 1,0 00 , a nd t hat o f T ruly W arner, t he o wner o f t he w idely k nown c ha.in o f retA i l l \3.t s tores b earing h is n ame, f or $ 1,000. ' I'he c lothing s tore o f J ohn F . W oodruff & C o. i s t he f ir:;t m ercantile e stablishment i n t he c ity t o r eport a 1 00 p er c ent. s ubscriptio n f or i ts e mployes, e veryone c onnected w ith t he Bt or e h aving b ecom e a p urchaser ot t he s tock. ' l'he W . F . ' l'omliru;on C o. r eported t o-day a 100'% s ubSCription 011 t he p art o f !Ls m embers a nd e mployes. '1'h e s ubscribers a re W . F . T omlinson, A . F . T oml1nson, C. P . T omlinson , L . T . T omlinson, M iss A nna G rimshaw, M rs . J ennie M cHan. A . A . H athaway , I rving B anzhaf. K enneth W ilson , md R andall W . E hle. T wo m ore o rganizations, t he P ietra P ertosa I talian ~ ociety a nd t he D anbury G range, h av e b een a dded t o th~ l ist, t he f ormer f or $ 50 a nd t he l atter f or $ 100. C hairman J ames F . D oran fouid today t hat i n s aying y esterday l hat h e b elieved t hat a ll b ut $ 10,000 ot t he q uarter m illion w as i n s ight, h e ~n I e luded i n h is e stimate t he s ubscrlpI t ions e xpected f rom t hree o r fo~r l arge p roperty o wners, w ho a re s tili t o b e h eard f rom, b ut w ho a re exI p eeted t o s ubscribe l iberally. C hairman D oran r eported. t o-da.y t ha.t t he d ri\'e i n t he f actories a nd s tores i n t his c ity i s p rogressing s atisfactorily, b ut t he l ist o f s .uhscrlb . e rs h as n ot y et b een c omplied f or p ublication. , I I inter~st i n c onnection w ith t he e nterprise u nJer w ay i n t his c ity i s a l etter i ssued a f ew d ays a go b y t he N ational A sso c iation o f C ommunity M erc hants, r rom i ts h eadquarlers i n N ew Y ork, i n w hi c h t he f ollowing p aragravh a p· p ears: " New I nduslries f or A ttractiv e C ommunitie s. -The s maller t owns a nd c ities a re u nder t he m agnifyin g g lass o f b ig m anufacturers. S ome of t he l argest c oncerns o f t h e c ountry a re p lanning a s olution o f t he l abor p roblem b y d ecentralizing t heir i mmense f actories. T heir i dea i s t o e stablish s everal f actories i n s ma,IlPr c ommunities i nstead o f o ne t remendou s f actory i n s ome b ig c ity. Vir~ h ave m ade a n i nvestigation o f t his s u bject a nd h ave s ecured f irst·hand i nformation, a nd a n umbcl' o f b ig . m anufacturing c ompanies h a\'c m ade : d efinite p lans t o c arry o ut t hIs i dea. T hey a re n aturally l ooking f or t he t owns t hat a re a ttractive, w here l iving c onditions a re g ood, w hcre t here a rc g ood s tores, w here t heir m en w ill I b e h appy a~d c ontented-in s hort, W here t here I S a r eal c ommunity s piri t. " T he f ollowing i s a n a dditiona l l ist o f s ubscriptions: ~(ANUFACTURERS' . =a (JO~fl'JTEE. D clohery H at Co . ....... . ... $ 1,000 W illlam M orelOCk . ......... 1 00 R ogers S iher P late C o. . .... . 2 50 F rank F an'ell . ............. ; ;00 D anbury M fg. C o. . ......... ; ;00 ' Vlltiam F . ' lnmpert . ... .. .. 5 00 U ERCHXNTS' CO~GfiT.rEE. C larence L . U organ . ....... $ 400 C . I ,. B ryant . .............. 1 00 " I. H . S ahlttter . ........... 1 00 J ohn G erstennmier . .... . .... 1 00 1 0 • Y . I ,add . .. .. ........ . .. 1 00 A dolph O tto . .....• .. .•.... 1 00 J . P . E gan, J r. . . ...•... ... ; ;0 S . IJ. D urg'Y . . .............. 50 l \ra.&'JOn & G rimes . ..•... ..• 50 T heodore S Itkel' . . . . . . . . . . . . . ; ;0 W Wiam J . D onnelly . ....... 50 A ndrew S telzel . . . .. . ... ... 10 W O"lEN'S C Ol\OUTI'EE. M rs. D . G . P enfield . ........ $ 100 M j ,ss D ltisy R obJnson 10 N OT C LASSIFIED. G eorge W . B uck . ......... . $ 100 I O U'l'.OF -TOWN S UBSCRIBERS. I L azar J a()()bsolul, N ew Y ork.. $ 250 II F rank n:atz, X cw YOI'k . .... 1 00 L . V an R ensselaer, B ridgeport 1 00 } Irs. B lanche S tetson . ...... 50 P ROFESSIONAL C OMl\fiTTEE. ' D r. L ouis ~filler . ........... $ 50 : I l \lISCELLANEOUS E l\IPLOYES. I R ichard ~. G age . . . . . . . . . • . • $ 10 W . A leshJn . .........••.... 10 F red ' !'eaton . .....••.•••..• 10 H arry S . P en"), . ..•.. _ ..... 10 J ohn S eymour . .. _ ......... 10 ' ~. ..........._ _______. ..........._ _______. ..........._ _______. ..........._ _________. ......._ _. ..........._ _~I Burton O sborne . ....•.....• I G _._ _. ..._ _____~ I I I I I ! i I I �-. D ANBURY E VENING NEWS, F RIDAY. O CTOBER FUND IS CLOSE TO THE GOAL Industrial Campaign Believed to Be Certain of Com- plete Success. T he g eneral c ommittee i n c har!#e oC t h e c ampaign f or t he s ale o f ,the s to ck o f t he D anbury I ndustJ-ial C orporation e xpr esse d c onfidenc e t o-day t hat t he d rive w ould b e a c omplete s uccess a nd t hat t lle f inal r eturns w ould s how t h at t he q uarter m illion d ollar g oal w ould b e r eached, a nd p oss ibly e xceeded. I t h as b een e xpected t o a nnounce t he f inal f igures t o d ay, b ut t he c losing o f t he s tores a nd f actories f or t o-day "s h 9lid ay h as m ade t hat i mpossible a rid t he f lnal r eturns m ay 1I0t b e a vailable u ntil e ar ly i n t he c oming w eek. C hairman J ame s F . D oran, o r t he c a mpaign c ommittee, s aid t o-day t hat t here s hould b e n o c essation i n t he e ffort t o s ecure s ubscriptions. 'because t he d rive i s a pproaching i ts g oal, a nd u rg ed t he w orkers t o g o o n w ith t heir c a nvass, i n o l'der t hat t here b e n o q uestion a bout g oing " over t he t oP." T he f ollowing Is a p artial l ist o f a dditional s ubscripitons s ince t he l ast p revious r eport: N OT C LASSIFIED. '1'. C . ~Ullal'd , . . , . .. , . .... , $ 500 F red D eKlyn , ............ . 1 00 E dward J . G ildea , ., .... ... 10 G eorge E . T mvis _ . ...... _ . 50 S tanley ~l. S enior . ...... , . . 10 D r. G . J . B orst . ..... . ..... 10 1 )emlis D unn . ...••........ 50 F . B . D alton . :. ,... ...... . 2 50 ; Louis S clul1idt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 00 R . C. & ad . _ . ..... _. _ .. . . . 1 00 J ames D . B iggs ( of T weedy's S ilk ~IIJIs) . ... . ......... 1 00 E . ' .l'ha,#:her H oyt ( of T weedy 's S ilk ~Ull~) . ..... .. ...... 20 ·M. R . A brial ( of T weedy's S ill. M ills) . ..... _ . _ . . . . . 20 .J. E dgnl' P ike . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 J Andr~ B ojko . ... _ ......... 1 00 M AXUFACTURERS' CO~L\nTI'EE. ~500 H oyt- :Uessinger C o. . . .... _ . . P . Y oung' & S ons . .... .. ... E . H . G reen . ...... __ . . . . . . . G orman & T OlllAllio J#'ur C o., 3 00 50 I n c. . ........... .... ..... 50 ( Danbury E lectriC C~.) . . . . . . . . . . . . • 1 00 O ]la.rles J {('rl' . ............. 1 00 I fuud n :nudsou ~nSCELLANEOUS E~fPLOYES. A . 1\1. K andemlsn ( 'I.'woody's S ilk IHills . .............. $ 20 OUT-OP-'I.'OW~ S UBSCRIBERS. 'I.'IWy W orner. N ew Y ork_ . .. $ 1,000 P a.ul ZUCC~I. , P oughkeepsie.. .. 50 H a.llllel B ro.;. , N ew Y O/'k . ... 1 00 R obert S wan. J r ., P ittsbllrA'h . 50 Ed\\'.&:ln\'Urtzn~ll. N ew H aven 10 . R . J . ( .eorge O liver, DeVOll. . . . 10 R . M . ~[elTlIl ( SKI{ B all B earing C o.), H artford... . 10 O RG .'\.J.'\'IZATIONS. D u.nblll·Y GrUJlg'e $ 100 J tallan S oclcty . . __ . .. . . . .. _ . 50 i i WO;\lE~'S C O:\HU'l".l'EE. 1\11'5. A nna. 'I.'. S chuldice . . . _ . . : \rrs. \ Villilll\\ B eers . ....... ~[rs. A lice L . P hillips . ..... ; \[rs. C~II~IYll N oonan . . .. ... ~ll's. C lol'a H . F ox . ......... I $ 100 ; )0 50 I 50 10 ) lERCHANT'S C Ol\D1IT'.l'EE. . E . H olbrook . .... _ . _ . ...... $ 1,000 H oward H . D u.ns . ......... 1 00 J#rB.Jlk M cKeon . .... . ....... 10 H eim's ; \luslc S tore . ....... 2 00 Y oung & L aPino . . .. ........ 50 Chal'lt.'8 H atch . ... _ . ..... _ . 50 A lbert A bdelluLk . ... ...... .. 10 I B artley & C luncy . .......... C. : \l. B oyce . ...... .....•• B Ussard 8;, OSbOl'lle . . ...... C i tizCII . ..... _ . . . . • • . . • . . • • H enry K ronshag'O . . ........ R ichul'd l\f11lel' . .. _ . . . . • . • • . • J ohn \ V. G I 'e~u . .. . . ........ O a.nbury P lumbing' C o. . .... I·'. ~. C hichester _ ..... . ..... H alTis J . U eyman . ....... .. S mith B eers _. _ . . . . . . . . . . . . . J ohll J.J. K na.pp . ........... O sbol'ne-Barncs C o. . ....... J oseph "\ndJ'ews . .. _ . . . . . . . . D anbury \ Vindow C leaning C o. 2 UO 1 00 50 50 1 00 1 00 50 ,")0 1 00 1 00 1 00 50 50 40 1 00 P RO FESSIONAL C Ol\OU'I."TEE. S. M . G rWin . . _ . .... _ . $ 10 0 1'. El1lplo~'es & o f J ohn W . G reen S ons, I nc. . . . _ . . : . . . .. . $ 630 I E JIl)\oyes o r t he J . J#'. " 'oodl'U ff C o. ( 1 0 0 p er o ent.) .. I E mployes 01' D oran B ros. . . .. 7() 1 ' 170 1 I 10. 1919. ~ �D ANBURY E VENIKG N E\VS, S ATURDAY, O CTOBER 11 1919. =========================-~------~~~=-======~~'=;~~T -- EMPLOYES TAKE 1 $1,000 J!! STOCK I Those of von Gal Hat Company First to Make Report of That Extent. I t w as a nnounced t o-day b y J ames D oran, c hairman o f t he s tock c a.mpaign o f t he D anbury I ndustrial c orp uratlon. t hat $ 1.000 w orth o f ~tock h ad b een ~ubscrlbed fO l' b y n inetysix e m p loyes o f t he f actory o f t he v on G al H at C o., a nd t hat t he c om- I p any i tself h ad e ntel'ed i ts s ubsc rIption f or a n e qual a mount o f t he s tock. M r. D oran s tated t o-day t hat t he _ figures i n h and I ndicated t hat t he g oal o f a q uarter o f a m illion d ollars h ad b een r eached. b ut a ll t he s ubscription c a rd s, e specially f rom s tores a nd factorie~, w el'e n ot y et In a nd f or . t hat r eason a d eflnite a nnouncement o f t he f igures h ad b een d elayed u ntil n ext w eek. H e h oped, h e s aid, t o b e a ble t o m ak(' t h e f inal a nnouncement e arly i n t he w eek. T he r eque st w as m ade t o-day f or ! a ll t hose h olding s igned ~ubscI'iption c ards t o t UI'n t hem
I n a t h eadqual'tel's i n t he O dd F ellows' b uJlding. \ Vest s treet, o r t o a llY m ember o f t he c ommittee i mmediately, t n o rdel' t hat a ll r eturns m ay b e i n h and a s e arl:v a s p ossible. M iss M illicent S underland. w ho h as b een assistlll~ i n t he c lerical WOI'" a t t he o ffice o f t he I ndustria.l c orporation d uring t he c ampaign, s howered t he F ail' G rounds w ith s ubscl'iption c ards t his a .fternoon. w hile f iying a bove t he g rounds i n t he a irplane p iloted b y L ieutenant L ucas. T he f ollowiDg a re a dd itioDal s ub scriptions a cknowledged b y t he c ommittee t o-day: I F. I , I I O RGANIZA'l'lONS. J r. O . U . A . ) fec.ba.nics . .. . .. $ 100 N OT C LASSI .P IED, T imothy H . l 'arrell . ... ... .. , $ 50 E lijah S turdevant . . ... ..... 10 J ohn C oliban . .. .. . . ........ 10 M EROHANTS. E dwin E . ' I'albQt . .. . . . . . . . . . $ 100 J ohn ·W. G rcen ( Da.nbury GI'OCeI"Y) ' ............... 50 WO)IE~'S CO~DnTI'EE. U iss S arah B aoon . ......... M iss M argaret E nglish ) lrs. L illian l #rltohard . ..... $ 10 10 10 '-. �O l T OR " /R ------ - ---- - - U 1 915. ST I L j \ "0 THE BALL & ROLLER BEARING CO. S OFT F UR F ELT H ATS. M anufa.cturer o f BALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. R iver S t ., D a.nbury , C onn. M aple Ave. , D anbury . , C ;oods lVIade I-I e re G o t o A ll P arts of t he \ Vorld. , T ELEPHONE 3 5, T ELEPHONE 4 09. E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, a nd A ccessories. H ighland A venue. C hestnut S t., F oot E ast L iberty, D anbury , C onn. P. YOUNG & SONS CO., Manufacturers o f "EMERSON" HATS. HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. F actory-North E nd, 3 9 R ose S t ., D anbury , T eJephone 1 674, The Ellis Contracting and Welding Co., I M anufacturers o f , D anbury . It Is Not PECK FUR CO., THE FRANK H. LEE CO., MACHINERY DIVISION, M a.nufacturers o f PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. P ower S t., D anbury . T elephone 1 260. T elephone 1 71. LUKE F. SWEENEY, MILL CONTRUCTION AND GENERAL CONTRACT WORK OF ALL KINOS. 2 6 M ontgomery S t " • D anbury . T ELEPHONE 3 7 O. W iring f or E lectric L ight a nd P ower. 3 10 M ain S t., D anbury. T elephone 9 08 -2. W. F. TOMLINSON CO., Manufacturers o f AUTOMATIC-SEALING BURIAL VAULTS \ V . . t erpl·oofed s teel I 'e-Iuf orced ( 'onel·eu'. ' \'II\ la~l l bToul"h t he a geS. o ld t hrough u od#'l·ta!..er" a Dd d c:-lIvcred t o a ny p oint " it h ln f ifty I niles. 3 36 M ain S t. , D anbury, I I . THE CLARK BOX CO., CORRUGATED AND FIBRE-BOARD CO NT AINE RS. 5 6-58 E lm S t ., D anbury. Tel. 1 4. f Company. M anufacturers o f NAINSOOK UNDERWEAR, P URE R ABBIT S KIN G LUE. B eaver S t., D anbury. N ew S treet a nd M on g omery S treet, D anbury. B ranch F actorle . , B rewster. B ethel, C onn. ~. T elephone 1 59. SIMON & KEANE, i n ~1illeMon, N . Y .. a nd PATRICK DURKIN, f I J I" I, ~anufacturers I i DENATURED NO WOOD ALCOHOL, M anufacturer o f f of STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH. T aylor S t. , D anbury. Ii Awnings and Tents ! , 1 2 M allory S t., D anbury. T el. 8 6. T elephone 2 31 . « M. H SCHLITTER & CO., . P roducers o f 3 9 P ahqui oq ue Ave., Da nbury. R ose S t., D anbury, GLUE CO., Solvents Recovery Co., f tanufacturers o f FURS~ H ATTERS ----------------- ~---------------~ Danbury Manufacturing I THE CONNECTICUT ---+-----------~~======~~~~~. GEOI ~E A. McLACHLAN, THE HULL HARDWARE AND PLUMBING CO. WELDING AND BRAZING. I DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. J. E. Pike, Secretary. Stock on sale at the Four Banks of Danbury. A nd a ll k inds o f I C utters o f MACHINE CONTRACTING i To become a stockholder in this community, enterprise. The more individual shareholders we have the better. Secure an interest in the new faclories---have a share in Danbury's prosperity that you can point to with pride. We will be pleased to have you with us. L---------------~ ~---------------- JOHN S. FISHER, Electrical Contractor. I 00 La e T ELEPHONE 2 11. M anu facturers o f t he Danbury Electrical Manufacturing Co., -- THE MURPHY-GORMAN COMPANY. I- , D .·A NBURY I S A B USY PLACE :.. WARNER BROS. CO" , \ VI'fH A C ONSTA T LY , M anufacturers o f :\ \ VIDENING D IVE R SIT\ C ORSETS, ~S P APER B OXES O F I NDUSTRIE . D. E. LOEWE & CO., M anufacturers o f I 1 1. HIGH-GRADE MEMOR IAL. I C EMETERY W ORK. ~D ~A S T �FURNACK 1 83 M ain S t., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 2 4 . ~ H M ACHLAN . cL & CO : M an ufa ct ure rs o f S tays, M illmery B oxes, W oo d B O XflS. 4 36 M ain S t . Tel. 1 207 . T ELEPHONE 8 00. l ' E llsworth A ve., D &nbury. T el e phone 1 370 . THE MUTUAL FUR C UTTING CO ., INC. THE HILL & LOPER CO., THE ROUGH . " HI -LO " F UR F E LT H ATS . Row an S t ., D anbu ry . R iver S t ., D anbury . T elepho ne 3 5 5. HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS, Waste , Skins. Etc .. GELATINE AND GLUE. 'CHI NERY AND RNER TURRETS , M a nu fact u rers of T ELEPHONE 1 44 8. FINE FUR FELT HATS I N ~---------- C. I. ROBINSON & CO., M anufacturers o f T HREAD a p le AVe. , D anbury D anbu ry, C onn. W m . F . B uzaid , P res ident a nd M anager . Ira and Brass Foundr . - :\ M anufacturers o f D N U Y&B HE LGA ~ ABR ET AND ELECT R CO., IC M anufacturers o f GAS AND ELECTRICITY F or I llum i nation , H eat a nd P owe r . Office- 238 M ain S t . T e lephone 3 0. P lant - P a hquioque A ve . M ET AL BALL CO., . - - - - - - - : D ..'ry Square Box Co., an AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., I M anufac tu rers o f anufacturers o f F I R EBOARD S HIPPING . " C ONTAINE RS High-Grade Steel Balls for And Square Paper Boxes. COLUMBIA HAT CO., 4 3 F oster S t ., D anbury . Anti-friction Bearings. M anufacturers o f STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH AND FINISHERS OF COTTON YARNS. HAT TERS' FU RS, 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet , B eaver S t ., D anbury. N ear N orth S t ., D anbury . D anbury . Tel. 8 69 . T elephone 1 59 . T elephone 7 7 0 . Elmv T ELEPHONE 7 00 . d P lace . Tel. 2 92. TM. oy SILK MIL LS, r I F. D. TWEEDY & CO., M anufacturers o f WINTHROP AND REGAL HATS. 4 5 R iver S t ., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 9 9 . H. LONDA, M anufacturer o f All K inds o f M ATTRESSES fo r t he t rade , A nd J o bber o f B ed S prings . 6 0 M oss Ave ., Da.nbury. F a.ctory- Daley's L ane . E LECTRICAL C OMMERCIAL V EHICLES MEDIUM AND HIGHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. 1 , 500 Ibs . t o 1 2 , 000 lb s . T elephone 1 80 . THERE IS ACTUAL JOY When you have dine a little more than your part. Take more shares in the D. I. C. Soft and Stiff Shapes. P ark Av enue , D anbury . Te l. 1 044 . NEW MACHINE CO., B uilder s o f ,. HAT MACHINERY 2 0 C rosb y S t ., D anbur y. Te l ephone 5 6 . GEORGE A. KINNER, HATTERS' MACHINERY, M anufacturers o f M anu f ac t ure r o f All Kind s of 2S E as t F ranklin S t ., 7 · 9 R i ver S t ., D anbury. D a nbury. T elephone 3 47 . :; F l'" E ~ ' U R }# 'J,; lJ1.' H AT W IRES AND S TEEL C LASPS To fi t a ll s ize s o f w i res . T elep hone 3 9 . D a nbury, C onn . 1 8 C rosb y S t ., D anbury . Tel. 9 . FI H ATS I N T HE . F UR H ATS. R OUGH. a city 2 , 500 , 000 R o se S t. · D anbury. ., e ads a Y ear. P v er S t ., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 2 63 . I IIMPERIAL 9 .2 :7 R iver S t ., D anbur y. ' felephuo c 7 3 . JOHN W. GREEN &SONS, J as. E . G allagher , P res ., M anufacture r s of WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIALTIES. Beaver B rook, D anbur y. M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADES OF S...F T AND STIFF HJ.1T S. P a hquioque Ave., D anbu ry. T ele phone 1 9. ______________________ _ _ _ __ __ _ Ma nufacturers o f HAT BANDS , BRAIDS YOU CANNOT AFFORD TO TURN AND CORDS. T horpe S t. , D anbury . T}~LEPHONE 2 99 . The head or close the hand to the appeal to help in lbe illdusltidl npbuildjn g of Danbu ry. • _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ' _ 01" " ~------~---------~~~ . ~~ ~- I' SILK WORKS" I ~_T___ 0_~_1_Ia__. __--tl=~:;;;:;;;;:;;:;~~;;:;:;;:;;;;;;; N~ EI j E Pl_1. ': so ~ ~ M anufacturers o f : M!EN'S FUR HATS IN ( THE ROUGH . B EAVER BROOK PAPER MILLS, INC. Mills- ~ DA IS & HINE '.ROUGH HAT CO., T ELEPHONE 5 2 . Hoyt-Messinger Corp., a nufacturers o f 4 5 R iver S t ., D anbury . C apacities . T he G uarant e ed H at . THE MALLORY HAT CO., THE SHORT HAT CO., M anufacturers o f "THE JETNA." M anufacture r s o f I P OWER S TREET. ' Man u facturers o f H A'i ·..J ANDS A ND B R AID S, T elephone 8 55. LANSDEN CO., INC., COTRElL & LEO N ARD, D ORAN BROS., 'Ifacturers o f , THE RANK H. LEE CO., M a.nufacturers o f B arnum ' s C ourt , D anbury , C onn . �D ANBURY E VENING NE'VS, MONDAY, OCTOBER 13. 1919. • lOVER $250,000 I IS SUBSCRIBED Industrial Corporation Campaign Achieves Complete Success. I T he c ity h as g one " ove l' t he t op " , a gain, t he s u.bs cr ipti ol1s t o t h e s to ck o f t he D anbury I n dustrial C orporation d u I'ing t he c ampaig n o f t he p ast t wo w eeks, e xcee din g / $l50,OOO b y a g ood-sIzed m argin a nd t h e t otal ~ol 'king c apita l o f t h e c orporait on n ow amOUl1 ti n g t o m ore t h an t he q uarter o f a m illion d ollars a sked f or, Th e t otal o f t he s u bscripti ons a ctually i n t h e h ands o f t he c ommittee ~t t he p resen t t ime, J ames F , .. 0 0 I'l1n, c haIJ'man o f t he c ampalgn c ommittee a nnounced, i s $2';3,500. , T his a chievement i s n o l e ss r emarkable i n m a ny w ays t han w e r e t he r es ults o f t he v arious c ampaigns a nd d rives c a l'r ied o n d uring t he w a.r, a nd t he e xpe ctation i s t hat w ith t he c apital t h us p rovided, t he w ork o f p rovllling f actory s pace f o r n ew i n- . d ustl'les w ill b e c arri ed f orward w ith , i ncreased v igor a nd t hat vel'Y d efinite I a.nd s ubstantial r esults w ill b e a p- ! p arent I n t he n ear f uture. I T he h andling o f t he c ompany's c ap!- I t al, w hich, a lth ou g h r e pr ese nted b y I i ts c apital s toc k , i s v irtually a b ig c ommunity f und. i s i n t he h and s of t he b oard o f d irectors o J t he I lld'US- , t rial C orpOI' ation, w hich n umbers a mong i ts m embers s ome o f t he m o st i c apab le a nd s uccessfu l b usi n ess m en i n t he c ity , I ncludin g m erchants, I m anufacturers a nd b ankers. I t w as a nno unced pI' lor t o t he .beginni ng o f t he c ampa ign t hat t he f unds o f t he c ompa ny a re n ot t o l ilt j n\'ested i n i ndustries t hemselves , b u t i n f actory b uildings t o p rovide m oder n a ccom mod at ion s a nd f acilities f or I ndustries t hat a re f ound t o h old o ut )Jl'omise oC b usiness succes.~. T hese f acto rie s w ill i nclude t hat n ow b eing e rected f or t he K eystone J n s ta nt F ood C o .• a t a c ost o f a bout $100,000. R epl'esc ntativ es o f a s uccessf ul c oncern m anufacturing an f ,lect ri cal n ecessity h ave b e en i n t his C ity r ecently t o c onfer w ith t he I n dust rial C orp oration i n r el ati on t o l ocati ng h er e a nd t he f actory r equirements o t t he f elt c omrJany, r ecentl y i nc orporated, a re a lso b ei ng c onsider- I I ed. T he c o n cerns o ccupyi n g t he f actorie s o f t he I ndustrial C orporation w ill p ay a r easo na bl e l-enta l f or t hem a nd. i f t hey d esire i t. w ill p robably h ave t he p livile ge o f p urchasing t he [, roperty u pon I 'casonable t erms. C hai rm an . James F . D ora n s aid t oday t hat h e d esired t o g et i n a s e ar ly a s p ossible a ll s ubscriptions n ot y et r eported t o t he c ommittee. T he h oliday l ast w eek i nterfered c onsiderably w ith t he m aking o f r et urn s. T h e f ollowing a re a dditional s ubf:cri ptlons r eported b y t he c ommittee , to-day: O UT-OF-TOWN S UBSORIBERS. J . J . S halvoy, C lc,'cll1ud, O . . . . $ 100 : ~1ANUFACTQRERS' C O M l\U'lTEE. H . l \{cLaohlnn. J r. . . ..... .. , $ 230 T heodorc W . N eff . . . . . . . . . . 20 l \£ERCHANTS' C Ol\ll\UT'l'EE. T aylor O perl1 H ouse . ... , . .. $ 1,000 I C ha rles P etcrson . .... . .. , ... 50 (;~lI'ge F . A llen . .... . .. . ... 10 I J . G . A . GC l'Slcnmnier . ..... 20 N OT C JJASSIFIED. J ames :K O 'Hara . ...... ' .. . $ 50 J eremiah A . K~t.Ile . . . . . • . . . . 20 L eonard E . S rnltJl . .. .. . . .. . 40 S tephen B , T readwell . ... .. .. 10 L arge s u bscriptions a mon g t he c mp loyps o f t h(' H . M cLachlan C o. a rc r eported a s f ollows: C ha rl es E . S chu.l zc . ........ , $ 100 A lbert Z ulenski .......... . , S u lli van P annnzza . ..•. .. .. , F . C. S to nc . . .. . . , " . .•. , . . J ess P a y ne . . , . .... ... , . .. . J olm T . B rol\n . ....•...... ~eorge ~lead . .....• ••. .•.• C harl es L ayman • ... • ....... T ornanio . ... . , . • .... . , H alTy W . J ones . ...••...... E . W . S iIlltoc . .... , . ...... . A nth o ny D e G ross . .... . ... . ' Vllliam D . B aldwin, J r. . , . . I T ony 1 00 1 00 110 50 { )O 50 50 50 40 40 -10 · 40 T otal a mowlt s ubsc libed b y 7 6 e mployes o f t hc H . ~IoLacb.. I an C o. . . . ......•........ $ 1,940 J �r i ~DANBURY • I N D UST.RIAL AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., THE MALLORY HAT CO., M anufacturers o f F IXE F TR F ELT M anufacturers o f HAT TERS' FUR S, D an b ury , Conn. B eaver S t ., D anbury. Tel. 9. T elephone 1 59. I D ANBUR\' I S A B USY P LACE \ VrrH i\ C ONSTANTLY \ VIDENING DIVERSI1~Y O F I NDUSTRIES. C. I. ROBINSON & CO., M anufacturers o f T HREAD AND FINISHERS OF COTTON YARNS. G oods l \Iade H ere G o to All P arts of the \V orl (1. The von Gal Hat Co., 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet, D anbury. Tel. 8 69 . D anbury , Conn. ==-=-=-===-======.=-=-~:::;:;:~~~~~-~~ ,'+"~':':':':':===~~=::::==~ '::================~ ' I I _ H. LONDA, BEAVER BROOK PAPER MILLS, INC. M anufacturer o f All K inds o f M ATTRESSES J as. E . G allagher, P res., M a nufacturers o f f or t he t rade, A nd J obber o f B ed S prings. WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECI AL TI ES. 6 0 M oss A ve ., D anbury . F actory-Daley' s L ane . Mills- Beaver B rook, D anbury. T elephone 8 55. T hJ . E PlIONE 1 380. THE SHORT HAT CO., HE BALL . & ROLLER BEARING CO. M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND HIGHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS , M anufacturers o f ALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. I T elephone 1 80. T ELEPHONE 4 09. (' THE MURPHY-GORMAN , ---~--: COMPANY. M. H. SCHLITTER & CO., :. P roducers o f M anu fa cturers o f , \ T ELEPHONE 2 11. _ _____________ ~teDts Recovery Co., ~!ATURED AND M anufacturers o f WOOD ALCOHOL, Ave., D anfulY. ' ~~.£.ILEP~ONE 8 00. ~ , I I' ,\ DANBURY & BETHEL GA~ ' I AND ELECTRIC (0., GAS AND ELECTRICITY F or I llumination, H eat a nd P ower. O ffice-238 M ain S t. T elepho.ne 30_ Plant-Pahquioqu~ A ve. ' HAT MACHINERY· 2 0 C rosby S t ., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 3 5. GEORGE A. McLACHLAN, M anufacturers o f T elephone 5 6. M ETAL B ALL CO., M anufacturers o f A LL K INDS O F F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH, ' TURNER MACHINE CO., i n [anufacturer o f I B uilders o f S OFT F UR F ELT H ATS. P. YOUNG & SONS CO., 7 -9 R iver S t " D anbury. T ELEPHONE 1 7. T elephone 3 47. I T o f it a ll s izes o f w ires. T elephone 1 71 . , " 1 8 C rosby S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 5 2 . ~--------~ I ~==========: LUKE F. SWEENEY~ JOHN W. GREEN & SONS, I M anufacturers o f 2 8-40 M aple Ave ., D anbury H A T W IRES A ND S TEEL C LASPS 3 9 R ose S t ., D anbury. D ORAN BROS., HATTERS' MACHINERY, M anufacturer o f All K inds o f HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. ~--------------~ \ HAT MACHINERY AND TURNER TURRETS, GEORGE A. KINNER, M anufacturers o f High-Grade Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. T ELEPHONE 7 00. I NEW MACHINE CO., R iver S t ., D anbury, C onn. T ELEPHONE 7 5 8. ~ _______________ _ M anufacturer o f 1 4 E llsworth A ve., D anbury. I S \~ , Soft and Stiff Shapes. P ark A venue , D anbury. T el. 1 044. D. E. LOEWE & CO., a t t he F our B anks o r D anhury. CEMETERY WORK. T elephone 1 370. _ _______________ . T he G uaranteed H at . T ELEPHONE 9 9 . 4 3 F oster S t., D anbury. D an bury . • ~al e :' 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury. i~ I ~ ,r,' "THE lETNA." REGAL HATS. .J . E . P IKE. S ee rC'taQ'. S tod, o n M anufacturers o f WINTHROP AND DANBURY INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION. T horpe S t " D anbury. 1 Y~ To become a stockholder in this community enterprise. The more individual shareholders we have the better. Secure an interest in the new factories---have a share in Danbury's prosperity that you can point to with pride. - HIGH-GRADE MEMORIAL F actory- North E nd, :~, PahqUloq~e M anufacturers o f 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury. M aple A ve., D anbury. "EMERSON" HATS. F. D. TWEEDY & CO., It Is Not Too L ate COTRELL & LEONARD, I MIL , CONTRUCTION AND L GENERAL CONTRACT ' WORK OF ALL KINDS. I M anufacturers o f 2 6 M ontgomery S t. , D anbury. Iron and Brass Foundry. Danbury Square Box Co., M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADES OF SOFT AND STIFF HAT S. P ahquioque Ave., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 3 70. Hoyt.:Messinger COrp., I ~--------------~ ~ ________--__ T elephone 1 9 . ~ ! --~ �VYV"~ - ItlI E MUTUAL FUR CUTTING CO., INC. I , HATTERS' FURS AND r , ROUNDINGS, Waste, Skins, Etc., GELATINE AND GLUE. Iwni. D anbury, Oonn. F . B u zaid, P resident a nd M anager. Telephc)lle 3 0. P lant-Pahquioque A ve. COLUMBIA HAT CO., Danbury Square Box Co., F IBREBOARD S HIPPING C ONTAINERS M anufacturers o f STOCK HAT BODIES T FRANKH. LEE CO., HE MACHINERY DIVISION, IMPERIAL SILK WORKS, M anu facturers o f ! PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. P ower S t. , D anbury. T eIephone 1 260. I. W atcl'J)"oofed stCI" J J 'c-lll1 0rc('d c onCl·ctl'. W ill l ast t hrough t he a gt's. S old t h"Ollj{h u ndert akers n Jld d elh'c red t o a ny p oint w ithin f ir,,), I UIlC8. 3 36 M ain S t., D anbury. AND CORDS. D anbury . T horpe S t., D anbury. TELEPHONE 2 99 T elephone 3 9. i W iring f or E lectric L ight a nd P ower . 3 10 M ain S t·., D anbury . T elephone 9 08 - 2. THE CLARK BOX CO., CORRUGATED AND FIBRE-BOARD CONTAINERS, H at B oxes, R ings a nd S tays, M illinery B oxes, W ood B oxes. 4 36 M ain S t. T el. 1 207. _ _.__._ _ _ " . _~~_._-J ~ THE FRANK H. LEE CO., F INE F UR H ATS. C apacity 2 ,500 , 000 H eads a Y ear. P ower S t. , D anbury . T ELEPHONE 2 4. A nd a ll k inds o f WELDING AND BRAZING. S KIN G LUE. gomery S treet, • D anbury. ~{merton. M anufacturers o f " HI-LO" F UR F ELT H ATS. M anufacturers o f FINE FUR FELT HATS IN Slr~ON & KEANE~ THE ROUGH. M anufacturers o f 9 -27 R iver S t., D anbury _ R owan S t ., D anbury. T elephone 7 3 . T elephone 3 55. STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH. R iver S t ., ' Danbury. T aylor S t., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 1 448. T elepbone 2 31. Keep busy, keep working and keep working f' together·-~more &actanes~ more work. T el. H . E lm S t., D anbury. B eaver S t. , D anbury . M an u facturers o f DANBURIANS KEEP GOING, R ose S t ., D anbury. B ranch F actories I n :-----------~ .------------------~ ' DAVIS & HINE H. McLACHLAN & CO., . r--__T_e_le_Ph_o_n_e_1_59_._ _ I-~__thl_;i._·c_ -~ ,~_~~_~n_t('_r._x._Y__a_nd_l .. P OWER S TREET . C apaciti es. H A T TERS' F URS , I MEN'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. 1 ,500 I bs. t o 1 2 , 000 l bs. MACHINE CONTRACTING . C utters o f I THE HILL & LOPER CO., / and Welding Co., ~ f - . . _ _ _ _ _- . i PECK FUR CO., 'I I T elephone 1 674. THE HULL HARDWARE I AND PLUMBING CO. I~-----.: ' -----------! M anufacturers o f t he THE CONNECTICUT Danbury Manufacturing GLUE CO., Company. BAXTER HOT AIR N AINSOOK M anufacturers o f FUR NACE. J jNDERWEAR, 1 83 M ain S t. , D anbury. I P URE R ABBIT N ew S treet a nd M ont- M anufacturers o f E LECTRICAL C OMMERCIAL V EHICLES ! ~6-58 ROUGH HAT CO., LANSDEN CO., INC., H ighland A venue . ! The Ellis Contracting I! . : - - - - - - - - - - - - - ' ' -_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _' M anufacturers o f JOHN S. FISHER, Electrical Contractor. a nd A ccessories. L iberty, D anbury , C onn . HAT BANDS, BRAIDS Danbury Electrical Manufacturing Co., E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, II_ _ _ _ _-----" M anufacturers o f 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t., AUTOMATIC-SEALING BURIAL VAULTS C ORSETS, P APER B OXES C hestnut S t ., F oot E ast H AT B ANDS A ND B RAIDS, M anufacturers o f 1 I M anufacturers o f W. F. TOMLINSON CO., ! M anufacturers o f T ELEPHONE 2 63. ITWEEDY SILK MILLS, r anqulOque a ve., l Janoury T elephone 1 9. WARNER BROS. CO., R ose S t .. D anbury . I E lmwood P lace . Tel. 2 92. B arnum ' s C ourt, T elephone 7 70. i I - ----------------~ H ATS I N T HE R OUGH. And Square Paper Boxes. IN THE ROUGH Nea.r N orth S t ., D anbury . Hoyt-Messinger Corp., M anufacturers o f i I / ~ --- J T ELEPHONE 3 70. THE STEVENS-HODGE CORP., O f E very D escription . Factory Insurance. S CM' i ces of f 'XPCl'tS f ur- n tslH'd f ree I n d l'tcMllinlug c on - ~t'::'{~I~o; :, .'''~I~:;.~. "~~ ,~~, .;;.to I s ecure 2 26 :Main S t ., D anbury . T elephone 2 14. M anufact urer o f Awnings and Tents. 1 2 M allory S t., D anb ury . Tel. 8 6 . I NDUSTRIAL I I NSURANCE I F=============~============== S pecialists i n T he . PATRICK DURKIN, l REUBEN B PEARCE, . 2 03 M ain S t ., D anbury . TJoJLEFHONE 9 25. THE BATTLE FOR BUSINESS al d Is ways raging--there is no truce; courage an unity will win for Danbur-'. y ~==-=--~========---=-=~=-======~i. ----~~~------~, ~==~==~----=====-~'I~~==~~~--===---~=-======~====~ l' - ------~-- �OCTOBER 1 4. 1919. ... FACTORY FUND GROWS. New Stcok Subscriptions Still Being Received. S everal a dditions h ave b N'n m ade t o t he s t o ck s ubsoriptlon l ist o f t he D anbury I ndustrial C orporati on s ince t he r~port o f y esterday a nd i t i s e xpe cte d t hat t he l ist w ill c ontinue t o gl'OW, a s t he m t'mberR o f t ho c ommittee i n c har ge o f s tock s ales a r e l 'eceiving i nquirips I l'om n umerous p el'ilons i n t his c ity a nd f ormer r esi dents a nd o t h (,l- rE' sld ing e lsewhere, C h a irm an J ame s l#~, D o ra n s ai d t o- , d ay t hat t hp c o m .m itt ee w as g reatly p le ased t o-da.y a t t he announc~m~nt t hat t he A merico V espucci s o c iety, o np o f t h e l eading o rganizationI'! o f , I talian r esidents o f t he c ity, v oted l ast n ig ht t o ta l ~e t wenty s hares o r t he s toc\{, C omp any A . C onne c ti c ut S tate G uard, h as a lso hE'c om c a s tock h older i n t he c orporat ion. I t i s I 'Xpected t hat v arious o ther s ocieti es w ill j oin t he l ist o f s ubscribers, m any o rg anizations n ot h aving h ad m e e tings s ince t he c a mpaign o pened , 'I'h e c ommittee i s a nx i ous t o h a ve o usta.nding s ubRcription c ard s r eturne d a s S OOIl a s p ossible, F ull r eturns f rom t he c o mmiltee a ppointed t o s ol ic it s u b sc ription s f rom I ta lia n r esidents o f t he c ity h ave n ot b een r eceived, b ut u p t o t he p resent t ime t his c om mittee h as r eceived s ubscri pt ions a mounting t o t h e h an dtiome t otal o f $ 5 , 000 , T he f ollowing a ckn ow ledgment o f s ubscriptions i s m ade b y t he c om mit tee t o-day: P ROFESSION A L CO~DnTTEE. D r. E . " ' . S tratton . . " . ,,' " $ 500 O UT-OF-TOWN S U BSCRIBERS. G eorge H , H awley. S tamford ,. $ 250 J a cobso hn & R auch, N ew Y OI'k 2 00 M ERCHANTS' C OI\DllTI'EE. F . H . B aisley " ,., . " . , ' ,.. $ 60 E . C , M arsh , , " , " " " ' " 20 O RGANIZA'l'IONS, M ary W ooster C hapter. D . A,R. $ 10 WO ~fEN'S \Btrl INDUSTRIAL STOCK. Americo Vespucci Society Purchases Twenty Shares. - A t a l al'gf'ly a ttellded m eeting o f t he A merigo Y E'spueei s ociety, o ne o f t he b est k nown I talian s ocieties i n thi~ cit~', h eld l ast n ight iL \Va!; y otcd t o p urchase $~OO w orth o f s tock i n. t he D anbury InduElt~'lal C orporation, o tncel's o f t hp s ociety a nnouuced t o-dar, T he m embel's or t ll(' o l'der w ere a lso U l'ged t o p urchase s lock a nd a fter t he p urposes • o f t he m ovement w ere e xplained l IIan y o ( t hose p resent s tated t hat t hey w ould p urchase s tock a t t 'he f irst o PPO l't llnit r, P lans w el'e a lso c omplE'tE'd Cit l a"t n ight's m eeting f or a w elcomehom e c elebrati on t o b e h eld i n t hp s ociety'" r ooms o n L ibrary P lace 011 A rmisticc D a , . a ~ a l arge n u m bE'1' o f t h c m E'mbel'S' , ,"pre i n A ctivC : sen'icc d uring t he w ar a nd w ith a f ew e xceptionf', a ll h avE' bE'E'n disc~arg' ed, T hE' s ocielr w ill c o-ope l'atl' W llh t he g e n eral w E'lcome-home c o mmittee a ppointl'd b y M ayor ' Villiam C , G illler! f or t he p arade t o b e h e ld o n t h at d ay b ut w ill h old a c E'lebration f ol' I ts ' members t hat e vening, S amuel M elillo w as a npo int e#l c hairman o f t he c om mit teE' t o c omplete thE' a l'r angpme nts, T he o th E'I' m emb ers o f t hl' c o mmitt ee a re N ioholal' D iAdams, P atricl{ O r lando, N atale G i8'litti a nd . Joseph R escino, T he a .pplications o f s everal n ew m embers WE're a l"o r e ceived a nd a cted u pon l a st n ight. 1 fA l OO ~DII'l'TEE. 1, ) frs. S arah R obertson " . ", $ 10 ~[jss l \(ary D urnin " ',.,'," 10 ) IANUFAC'.I'URERS' C O~OIITI'EE. A merican H atters 8;; F wTlcrs CQrp. " " , . , " , ' , " , ' , " " $ 5 ,000 U NCLASSIFIED. L ouis T onlluno , , ' . ' , " " ' , . $ 100 r ....J t. qu , J - f or t ' �T HE D ANBURY NEWS, ' VEDNESDAY. O CTOBER 15, 191!;. STOCK SUBSCRiPTIONS: I I Italian Residents Purchasers of Over 100 Shares. ' I'o-da y's r l'port o f t he s tock c a mpaign c ommittee o f t he D anbury I n dustrial C orporation s how s t hat I talian r es idents o f t he c ity h ayc p urchased s to c k t o t he a mount o f l o ver $ 1,000, S ubscriptions a re s till b eing r eceive d b y t he c ommittee a nd o utstauding c ards a re s t ill c oming i n . T he f ollowing a re a ddi tiona l a c- I knowledgm('nt ~: O RGANIZA'l'lON ' . A mel'lgo V espucci S ooit't" . . " $ 200 C o. A , 2 d &11#. B il,t, I nC . . C .S.G. 50 O U'['LYING D ISTRICTS. W . E . J {usse ll, M ill P Ja.in . ... $ 100 O U'l'-Ol" ·TOWN S U B SCRIBER S. F 'redcrick A . L ane, S o. N orwalk sao 1\'0'1.' C LA SSIFIED. ~ames : E. C losson . ... .. .... SilO I Inoon:rA) D ' A ndri" . ..... .. .. J0 ' V. H oward N ewman . .. . . . ;)0 C larence n . G illette . ....... 50 F . D . M arsh . . . ........... . 20 W . L . H all . . .... .. ........ 10 U ANUJi'.-\ C TURER S' C OMMITrEE. C lark B ox C o. . . ........... $ 1,000 I WO)lE~ :S BOOSTERS HEAR ABOUT HOUSING :~:~~!~~J~~ l~~~/!~~{!~i:~~t:~~~¥ h ouses, s uitable f or f ree-simple o wnc rllh lp; d welllngs o onstructed of 1b rick w i th s late r oof, w ith i ndividual CO ~UU'l'"1.'EE. lUI'S. L ouise ' eyrnolll' . ...... . $ 50 l 'lr s. E lla F . S mith . ....... 20 l \lr s. S IH'ah S elt.7-El1· . .. .. . . ... 20 l \frs . C ont S . H ill . ........ . 10 ! \frs. M ary A . B . U~' ()er . ..... 10 1'1rs. ] {atharble P ark s . ..... 10 M ERCHAN'l'S ' CO l \UU'lTI'EE. I deal D l'1Ig C o. . .... ....... $ 100 W alter C. T a.lbot . ......... 1 00 L eC lair W hile . ...... .. .... . . 70 A lexander P rinz . . ....... ... 50 F rank E . J ones . ..... ..... ' . 50 C ha.rles n. C utbill . .....•. . . 50 G epl'gt' ' V. l \(erritt . ......... 20 1 ] TAI,JAN C Ol\OIlTrEE. A nd.rew S imonelli . ........ , $ 200 I S ILbbath A . O liva . .. . .. . .•.. 1 00 l \lrs. S abbat.h A . O li va . •... . JO SII.mllel A . O lh'lt . . .. . , .. ... . 10 S abino O . O liva, . . ......•... 10 1'111.l'IIa Y. O liva. . ............ 10 E ugelle l \fa s triani . ... . .... • 1 00 T omaino B ros. . ... ..••• • •• • 1 00 I P ietropertosa ' l'a.ccaty • ..• ••• 50 C le mente L upine . ...•••••..• 50 , J oseph R enna . ........•.. , . 30 SaJUuel l '(elillo . • ...•.•...• 50 C arlo I a.ocarlno . ... . •...... 50 A ntonio S tnIDlolo • . ... •.. .. 30 V incenzo S tl"UDlolo . ,........ :JO ~Olll e niOO G illotti . •. . .....• 30 l tW P Olte . ... • ••••••••.. • 20 ] )oluenico 1'1611110 • •••.••.•. 20 B enny ' l'rocoolo • ... , . . ..... 20 J ohu D ldonaw . ........... 20 C luu'loy V alluz7,Q . .... .. . ..• 20 ~fl ss R ose G abriel • •••. • ..• • '#0 l ,t 'ank S#.-alzo . . ..... ... ..•. ' l' ony S unone . .... ...••••• . . 1 () A nthony J . D eJuJla . ..• ••..• 10 l \Irs. T eres.. S imone . .. .. .. . 10 l 'mberto C aldoru. . . , ... . ... 10 l \fjchu.el M aui . . . , . .. , ... . .. 111 V In(''t'D7A) N O \'lICO . . • • . . • • •••• 1 () A.ruel·jgo V cs pu#XJi. SOC iety • . ' 2 00 I 2() ' 1 m onth a nd c ottage a partments w ltb c entl'al h e ating p lants, W . S . S chutz, o f H artford, w ho h as b een m uch i ntel'e:sted i n t he f ormation o f t he c luh, w as p resent t odar. H e c ongratu lat ed t he c itizens o f D Anhury o n t he s uccess o f t he I ndustrial C orporation d rive a nd s aid t hat t he s ame s pil 'i t t hat m ade i t a s uccess w as n ecessary t o c arry I t hrough a ny p lan!; f or t he d eveloP- I S omething o f w hat B ridg eport a c- mrnt o f D a nbury. , c omplished i n t he w ay o f s olving i ts ! ,'. I I. B t'ckt'r, o f t he i ndustri a l r eproblem.; o f h ousing e mpl oy es o f t he l alion !; s ervice, s poke o n t he w ork fOI ' w hich h e h as c ome t o D anbury. I t b ig m anufacturles o f t hat c ity w as h as t o d o w ith t he b ringing a bout o f t old a nd s hown ' \.0 t he B oosters L un- c l ose r r elationHhip b ('twet' n t he e m(:heon C lub o f D anbury a t i ts w eekly p layer a nd e mploye, a nd h e o utlined m eeting i n t he H otel G reen t o-day. i n a g(#ne rul w ay i t· p u rpo ses a nd i ts \ V . H . H am, e ngin e er i n c hal·tie a t w ork i n t he int~reSlS o f i ndustrial m nch o f t he w ork o f c onstl'ucting t he d (,n1ocl'aey. h ouses f or t he B ridgeport H ousing D . E . Lo~we m ad(' a r eport o n t he c ompany, w a' t he s peakCl' o [ t he tnm~p"rtation p roblem, s tating t hat m eeting a nd h e r elaled s ome o f t he v roblems e ncount e red a nd a t t he c on- some i mpl'Ov!'111ent h ad a lready b een (~lu8ion o f h is t alk s howed b~ m otion m ade i n t he ~ervice a nd t hn t h e e x, p ictures v iews o f d wellings o f d iffer- peeted w ithin a v ery h art t ime t hat e nt t ypes c onstructed. t he m anufacturers o f D anbury w ould M r. l iam w as i n e ha.rge o f t he c rews b e g etling t he s erv ice t hey d esire. W hich o rigina.lly s et o ut t o b uild 1,000 A . S. D a.venport, c h airman o f th(" b ut w hich t o d ate h a\'e c onstructed m eetings f or t his m onth, a nnounced ' ,130 b uildings. H e s aid t hat m a ny t hat n ext w eek a 1\11'. T aylor, r rpreof t h em w ere b uilt u nder w ar c on- spnting t he We~tinghous(' c ompa ny , d itions a nd t hat t he w ork w as d elay- would s peak o n t he f uture o f t he e d b y w ar t ime c ondItions o f l abor t rollpy r oads a nd t he o ne-man c ar a nd t ranspol·tation. T he m en a t t he P I·oposition. T wo w eeks f rom t o-day J 1ead o f t he w ork f ound t hat t hree e x-:lIayo l' H aggrrty, o f H artford, w ill r o oms w ere t he m inimum f or f ami- be t h e s peaker. l ies, i ncreasing f l'om t hat n lunber i n A. A . H odson w as n amed a s a partments t o t he ·fiv e a nd s ix-room c h airman o f t he m eetings f or N oQwellings. M any o f t he d w e llin gs v ember. s h own o n t he s creen w ere s uitabl e f or T he t oIlowing a ttendpd t he l un c hprivate o wnershIp w hile o the r s w ere e on: W . H . H am, o f B ridgeport; L . t est s uited t or c o-operative o wner- D. H Itchcock, O. Y . L add, W ll1ard s hi p ILnd m aintenance . R . S mith, G eorge F . S hepa.rd , J am,'s T he s peake r a dvised t hat a ny c ity F . D oran, M . C. L oew e, A . A. H odta.klng l iP t he h ousing Q uestion s hould ShOD, F . T . J oy, A . S. D avenpo;· t, Bee t hat t here i s p roper p rot ectio n f or P hilip N . S underland, W . H . H cdthe f amili es a gainst u npl e asant a s f irld, G eo l'ge F . G reen, W infield S. w ell a s u nhealthful s ur ro undings. T hl I II t r d tb H olman, F . E . Q ueen ey , F . S. K omp, s w as u s a te on e Bcr een F . S . H aynes C . S . M cL e an E . H . w hen d .weillngs c on s t nlcted w ere ' " s ho wn w ith t rees s hrubber y a nd G reen, G eorge E . v onGal, J ohn C. v illes a .bout t he g rountl'l a nd b ulld- I D oran , F. H . L pc, F . W '. B row n, L . L . I ngs a nd w ith p la ygroun ds f or b oth H ubbell, W . F . T omllDson , J . H . y oung a nd o ld I n t he I m mediate v i c in- Con nell, 1\:1:. E . R yan, E dmund. B :WatIty. M r. H a.m a .dylsed t hat t be w orK- son, E . T . H oyt. J . A . C hrIstIs, F . I ng m en b e a ided I n p urchasing h olnes H . B eek e r , A . E . T Wl'edy, W . P . ros t his t e nds t o lo cal!ze t he w orking- Clar k , R .. F . F os
te r, Lest~r .B. Jon('~ , m an a nd k eep h im s teadlJy e mplo}'- Ira R . W ildman, H . I . P hllhps. L . O . e d. M r. H am s aJd t hat t he m anurac- Tirrell, E dward J . v onGal , F . P . ' turer h as g ot t o i nflu e n ce t he prOJlO- Rollin s, E . F . D avis, C . L . P roctor, s ltlon. I n . Ioo lng h e s aJ d t hat t h e C . H . P ortel', H arry M cLachlan, J . I nvestment b y t he w orkingman i n H . V inhoff, A . H . F ilIow, 'William h omes I s a m easure o f s afety f or t ho B uzaid, l1~rank P. F ar rell , J ohn n ation. 1\1oore, W ilIiaJn W est, W altf'!' S. ' l'lle p ictures s howed t wo-family S c hlitz, D . E . L oewe. w. H. Ham, Engineer in Charge of Bridgeport Work, Speaker To·day. j I I I • �D ANBURY E VENING .NEWS, T HtJIiSDAY.• OCTOBER. 16. 1919. FACTORY FUND SUBSCRIBERS I Committee Makes Acknowl· ; edgments-$6,830 From Lee Co. Employes. C hairman J ames F . D oran, o f t he D anbury I ndustrial c orporation s tock c ampaign c ommittee. s aid t o -day t hat . r eturns f rom t he e m ployes o f v arious f actories a nd b u"iness h ous es a l'o s till c oming i n a nd t hat t he c ommittee w ill b e b lad t o r eceive A ubscriptioIlS a t an'V timE'. A u i ncidont t hat i ndicates t hat f urther s ubscriptions a re l ikely t o c ome i n f or R ome t ime t o c ome o ccurred a d ay o r t wo 4 RgO. w hen a. m ember o f t h e c ommittee r cceived a t elephone c all f ,'om a w oman I Ivini' i n o ne o t t he o utlying p ortions o f t he c ity. w ho s aid s he h ad b ee u g reatly i nterested i n t he e nterpris e a nd w ished t o C 011tribu te h er m ite t o i t. b ut h ad n ot b een c alled u pou b y a nyone a nd h ad b eeu u nable t o g et d own t own h err, s elf. S he t ook t wo s hares o f s tock. I t i s e xpected t hat n umerous r esponses w ill b e r eceived f rom c oncerns h aving h eadquarters o ut of t own b ut d oing b usine ss h ere. m any o f w hom h ave b eeu s ent i nformation i n r egard t o t he e nterprise a nd i ts r elation t o e veryone d oing b usiness 0" o wning p roperty In D anbury. T he f ollowing arp. a dditional s ubscriptions a cknowlcdged b y t hc c ommittce: N OT C LASSIFIED, J c an H orn.ig . .. . ... .. ..... $ 200 G . F red L yon . ........•. ' , . . 50 J . D . C unningham . . ....... • 50 C larence n . B rooks . ....... ;10 J am es S hawcross . ..... , .. . 20 A stor A . W ea,'el' . .....•..... 10 W . F . C orgal . ............. 10 E dwal'#l H . B ailey . . , . .. .... 20 O UT·OI" -TOWN S UBSCRIBERS. S amucl E . D unham, B rooklyn $ 20 O UTLYIXG D ISTRICTS. C harles B rundage . ......... $ 10 M ISCELL.,\XEOUS E UPLOYES. G oo . l \fcJ,achJan C o.Frank } 'uh'o . .... . . ...... , $ 20 T homas L eahy . .......... . JO E dwin P addock . ... , . •..• 10 E din P addock . ........••. 10 A nson J #addock. J l·. . . , . .. 10 W . P . T omlinson & C o.AJpheus A . H atilaway . . , .' 10 I t-ving B anzhaf . ........ . 10 R andal . Bhle . ... . • .•... , 10 K enncth W ilsoll . ........ . 10 M .l's. J ennie ; \rcHan . .•.... 10 , \nn.ie G l'illl ' haw . . .. .... . 10 M ERCH.\X'l'S' C Ol\OOTTEE . D anbury H ardwHI'C C o. . ., . . $ 1,000 I \ ViIliaru. L aPine . ... .. ...... 2 00 ' J. F . L omhal'di . ... .. . .•... SO P . H . J udd . ..... : . ... , .... 1 00 A lexandel' ~tang·a.ru . ....... 1 00 P eter J . D Ul'IUn . .... , ...... 1 00 M . C lohessy . . .... .. ........ SO GeOJ'ge R obel1son . .......... SO D. \ V. M cXamora . .......... 50 R . ] u-ako\\r . ...... ........ .. 20 E . C . Gillt~· . .... , . . " . . . . . 30 A dolph H ubel' . . .......... . 20 \ VllJiam .\. Bl'll.Ull . .... , .... 10 U tlzen . ................ . .. 20 I I I I T he t otal a mount ! lubscrlbed b y 1 80 e mployes o f t he F rank H . L ee C o. i s $ 6.830. T he f ollowing a rc l arge s ubscriptiolls a mong t hc e mploycs o f t his c omp::tny: E . ' V. B oughton . ....• ...... $JOO S . B urzellsky . ...........•. 1 00 M artin F . B )TJles . ..•...... 100 C harles H . CUIIJI . ..•.....•.. 100 1 \ta.rtin C olodora . ......... . 1 00 ' V. ·W. D ickens . . .•......... 1 00 J ,(Jius F.A:l.cls . .......... .. . tOO J ohn 1"3.y . ................ . 1 00 J oe J \Ial'kosky . .•...... .... tOO W illiam O . 1 \(el'soll . ......•.. 1 00 J oe 1 \Ioll:r.elewski . ..•....••. 100 T ony ~(odzelewski . ....••... 1 00 \ V. l\{cx!7-elewski . ...•....... 1 00 J oe 1 \(offa . ......••......... 100 Russell M oshier . .......... . tOO H arry C. O sbome . ......... . tOO [ J ohn J . R yan . ............ . 1 00 . C. H . T readwell • •.......... 1 00 1 00 O tto T !.·eutel· . ............. . • J oseph V oycik . ........... . 1 00 I \JOhlll 'VeYllUhll . .. ,. . ...... . 100 I W IlUam W eyman . ..•....... 1 00 1 00 H arry E . \ \' Ielllert . ......... . B c·n.lamln A ronicz . •.•.•.... 50 50 C luu'les ' V. A scat' ' • .•.•... . J )n\,id B ahr . .....••....... 50 L ouis F . B ohr . .......•.... 50 SO 'V. I". B assett . .... .•••• .... C ha I'les B eers . ..••....••.... 50 . P aul B elosit . .......•.•.... 50 ; ;0 J oselili. B elckel . ....•.••.... J oseph F . B ogues . ....•.... 50 L oui,; B ogul'S . .......... .. . 50 ' Val t el' A . B oughton . ... . •. 50 G eorge f J. B outon . ........ . 50 \ V. B outon . .............. . 50 M artin Bros:!; . ... ..... . ... . . 50 E dwurd BUl"llB . ........... . 50 L awI'ell(#e J . C lohessy . .....• 50 R alph C olla . ...........•... SO B enjamin C ooper . ........ . SO l H . C owpcl·thwolt . ........ . G eorge H . D a\'ls . .........•. R obert D ykeman . ...... . .•• 50 A ngello F 1'uerine . ..... .... . 50 H iC'hard G ibson . ......•...• 50 S tephen G illotti . , . . . .... .•.. 50 ~Iich.a . el G lorioso . ....•..... 50 J oseph G lorioso . .......... . 50 A ndrew J . G older . •........ . 50 50 ' F . J . H art . . " . ...• .......•. B Yl'on H opkins . .......... . 50 1 F rank J acob . . ......... ... . 50 H el'bel't N . J udd . ..•....... 50 P eter S . K iel'as . ........... . 50 Georg'C K t·Jsko . .......•.... 50 J . K urjlaka . .... , ., . ...•.. 50 J . B . L ange . . ' . .... ' • •.... 50 B . L ee . ...... , ., . . , . . ' . .•. SO H an.f m·d J~lghL . , . ••••..•.• . 50 D and l\Icb.e#:' . ...... , • •.... 50 D . M aJnmatinos . ..•••.....• 50 J ;Tanlc l \1eycrholz . ........ . . SO :.\l. : \toska " ok . ....•........ 50 H arry e wman . ...•....... 50 J oe N owo.k . ........•...... 50 F 1'itz P lIollun . ....•.. ' . .. . 50 E . M. Q unckinboss . .... , . .. . 50 S teve R asnick . ........... , ' 50 A lldl'cw R ener . ... , . ...... . ; ;0 ~llll'y I toss . ......... , • ..... 50 A rthlll' L . R ydell . ....•... .... 50 J ohn S akos . ......... , . .. . SO T ony S antor . ........•..... 50 W aldema. . S chlmer . ..... .. . , l#O L ouis S chmeltz . .......... . 50 f 'red S tellnton J . . . . . . . . . . . . . G eorge S chweitzer . ...... .. . : \0 l\.files H . S tark . ........... . ; ;0 J ohn T aJenko . ... .. ... . .... , 50 R obert C. T horne . . .. ..... . 50 J ohn T oth . . ...... . ... ... . 50 " ' !Ilium P . T readwell . .... . 50 J oe U lldilo . ......... ... .. . 50 J ohn W anzc r . . .. . .. ...... . SO 1 1\1. W inicki . ..... ..... , . .. . 50 J ohn W oollczyk . ...... , . . , . 50 A ndrew Z ack . . .. .. .. ..... . 50 J ohn Z uzulook . .... •... " . . . 50 E UzabetJl D oktor . ....•.... 50 } J.·ank J . F ushor . .......... . SO G coI'ge L ayda . ............ . 40 I ~g I I I �D ANB U RY EVlli~lliG N EWS. F RIDAY, O CTOBER 1 7, 1919. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. Additional Subscriptions to Industrial Stock. I T he f ollowing a a cIsknowlerlgmcnttso btherehe additionalDan-f yt c ommittee a ubscl'Lptlons s tock o f t he bury I ndustrial C orporation: M i\NUFACTURERS' C Ol\Th1lTrE E. H . l Jonda . ............... . $ 50 ~r o~mN'S C 01\ [MITrEE. $ 10 E thel H ooge . ......... . ... . 10 I I J. 1\(" r ' Vha l ey . ....••..... 10 M rs. W illiam N orman . ... .. . 10 ·1\lrs. E mma. S choon over . .... . 10 M rs. N ellie E . l \lath6WSO n . .. . N OT C I,ASSIFlED. G eorge E . A lllng' halll . . .... . D onald ]\.[oLaoWnn . ........ . J ohn C huva la. . ............ . $ 10 10 10 I M ERCHAN'l'S' C Ol\'1MITrEE . C harles A . S choonover . ..... $ 10 I O RGANIZATIONS. _ C o. B , 2 d S ep. B at., I nf., C .S.G. $ ,,0 I A dditional s ubscriptions r ecd"ed f rom th~ F rank H . L ee Co. b ring t heir t otal t o $ 7,080. A mong t he l arger o nes a re: $ fiO V i ctor S. H augh • •.........• fi O P . C . H icl{ey • ........... . . ;') 0 S. H . S ea blillg . ........... . B ANBURY E VENING N EWS, S ATURDAY, O CTOBER .L STOCK SUBSCRIPTIONS. Industrial Campaign Committee 's Acknowledgments. I T h e D anb ur y I ndustrial C orpo ration c am paign c ommittee m akes t he f ollowing a cknowledgments o f s tock s ubscriptions: l \1ERCHANTS' C Ol\DUTTEE. J a.mes M oDonald . . ... . . ... $ ;)0 P aul Q uIett . ............... 40 E~[PL01'ES' C Ol\[l\fiTl'EE. S am J ) eftn . . . ..... ......... $ 30 T homas R afferty . . ......... 10 A dd it ional s ubs cription!; r eceived f rom t he I talians o f t he c ity b ring t hcj[" t olal u p to' $ 2,200. A dditional n nc s a re: J oseph Y aJluzzo • •• ......... $ 100 1 00 A nthon.y T omainlo . ....... . 1 00 M artino C eoel'co . ..••••••... 1 00 R oxie L aBate . ...•••••••••. 50 P eter l \1a,thews . ...•••.• •. •• 50 S tephen G illette . •••....... 50 l !'1'a.n1. G illotte . . ...•........ 50 R occo D onofrio . .. •. •. . .•.• 50 P eter G abriele . .... ..••.•.•. 50 I . F ranci s G iordino . . ... .... . 50 Gi.a()()lllO M olinaro . . .. •. •... S alnue! C ozza . .. . ....•..•. .• 30 :30 1 J ohn S tavola, . .....•. . ...•• 30 D O'menico C omando . .....•• 20 A nthony D ilasie . .......... . 20 P a.ul G rana . ....... . ...•.. 20 V incent C aprio . ......•.... S tanley D ePaul . .. . . ... ... . 20 N OT C LASSIFIED. J osepb B uzald . ......... .. . O UTLYING D ISTRICTS. H eney N . W hite . ... . ..... . . 1 8. 1 919. �D AXBr; RY E YENING 5 E'VS. y - - - - - _._-- - I SATURDAY~ D U ST O CTOBER F lJ!'I1I 18. 1919. I AL D , R ECTO Y. I LANSDEN· CO., INC., P OWER S TREET . M anufacturers o f E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, E LECTRICAL C OMMERCIAL V EHICLES M anufacturers o f PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. , H ighland A venue. C apacities. T elephone 1 260. , ,. PECK FUR CO., P roducers o f C utters o f HIGH-GRADE MEMORIAL a nd P ower. R ose S t., D anbury. 3 10 M ain S t'., D anbury . E llsworth Ave ., D anbury. Tel. 1 4. T elephone 9 08 · 2. T elephone 1 370. ~ANBURY ruE & BETHEL GA~ AND ELECTRIC CO., . M anufacturers o f GAS AND ELECTRICITY F or I llumination, H eat a nd P ower. O ffice-238 M ain S t. T elephone 3 0. P lant-Pahquioque Ave. COLUMBIA HAT CO., M anufacturers o f STOCK HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH ~ HULL HARDWARE I Danbury Manufacturing I AND PLUMBING CO. Company. .. I ! N ew B eth£'I, C onn. PATRICK DURKIN, Awnings and Tents. .N ear N drth S t., D anbury. T el. 8 6. T elephone 7 70 . I THE BALL & ROLLER ITHE FRANK .H. LEE CO., BEARING CO. M anufacturers o f .. I F INE F UR H ATS. C apacity 2 ,500,000 H eads a Yea.r. 1 83 M ain S t ., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 2 4. I.._ _______- . ' 9 -27 R iver I' ! .T. E . P IKE. 11,(' Sf.'C1·e tal ·~·. t he F our B Ollk s o f D anbllry. D anbury . P ahq uioque Ave ., D anb ury. Telephone 1 9. T elephone 7 3. I ' ! I High~Grade , Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. 4 3 F oster S t., D anbury. !; ~ATS The von Gal Hat Co., :....._T_E_L_E_PH_O_N_E_7_0_0_._ ...; ' - Danb ury, C onn . fl I D ORAN BROS., f! ( M anufacturers o f HAT TERS' FUR S, B ea ver S t., D anbury. T elephone 1 59. I ! Manufacturer o f All K inds o f M ATTRESSES f or t he t rade, A nd J obber o f B ed S prings. I 6 0 M oss A ve., D anbury. F a.ctory- Daley's L ane. T elephone 8 55 . COTRELL &LEONARD, C. I. ROBINSON & CO., Manufacturers o f n lanufacturers o f "THE JETNA." T HREAD ' or .... HATTERS' MACHINERY, The Gua ranteed H at . 7 ·9 R iver S t., D anbury. , i So ft and Stiff Shapes. T elephone 3 47. P ark Avenue, D anbury. T e l. 1 044. 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet, NEW MACIDNE CO., F. D. TWEEDY & CO., '1 AND FINISHERS OF ';. COTTON YARNS. . D anbury. T el. 8 69. BE A N O PTIMIST. Hoyt-Messinger Corp., W e h ave a lwa ys h ad p essimists i n t his c ountry. I n m y r eading o f h isto ry I r ecall h ow w hen F ulton a nnounced t hat M anufacturers o f B uilders o f h e ha.d i nve nte d a s teamboat a nd w as a bout t o g ive a n e xhi H ATS I N T HE FINE FUR FELT HATS IN bition o f h is i n vention o n t he N orth r iver, t here w ere p essi mists i n t h ose d ays w ho s hook t heir h eads d olefully a nd s ai d: R OUGH. THE ROUGH. " It i s n o u se, i t w on ' t w ork"-but i t d id w ork. A nd t o-da y R ose S t .. D anbury. Rowa;n S t ., D anbury . t he s teamshi p h as p ractically d riven t he s ailing v essel o ff t h e 2 0 Cros by S t., D anbury . s even s eas. T ELEPHONE 2 63. T elephone 3 55 . Te lephone 5 6 . L ater, w h en S amuel F . B. M orse c ame t o C ongress, w e h ad s ome m e m bers i n t hose d ays w ho w ere p essimistic a nd t hey r efused t o v ote f or a. l ittle a ppropriation t o s tring a t ele - , . graph l ine f ro m W ashington t o B altimore . T he o ptimists h ap - iI pily w ere i n t he m a jority. T he p essimists s aid : " What i s t he u se o f m aking t lle a ppropriation? I t w on't w ork , " -but i t d id M anufact urer .of All K inds o f M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f w ork, a nd to.dli.Y t he t elegraph, t he c able a nd t he s ubmarin e F INE F UR F ELT H AT W IRES AND C ORSETS, c able a re a lmo!t a s n ecessary t o o ur d aily e xistence a s t he w ater w e d rink o r t he a ir ' we b reathe . S TEEL C LASPS P APER B OXES A nd I h ave o ften t 'h ought t hat i f s ome o f t hese p essi. a nd A ccessories. To f it a ll s izes o f w ires. . m ists h ad b een p resent i n t he G arden o f E den w hen t he , ,I_cLO CrJfSbv: S L _a~ury. 1 D.n._ _. I . l -_ _ _ . D-a.nbur.v- 0 C hestnut S t .,-"-'~-=...;;;;.;;;..;.,.._'F oot E ast l... ____. ....... ..--•• 1...3 HAT MA CHINERY WARNER BROS. CO., THE MALLORY HAT CO., I ~:Na4 M anufacturers o f H. LONDA, M anufacturers o f TIME . S to( 'k o n s ale a nufactur ers o f M ETAL BALL CO., N W IS T HE To become a stockholder in this community enterprise. The more individual shareholders we have the b2tter. Secure an interest in the new factories--have a share in Dan bury's prosperity that you can point to with pride. DANBURY IND UST RIAL CORPORATION. ~t., AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., JOH W. GREEN & SONS, MED UM AND FiNE RADES OF S~ FAN D STI FF H.~\ I:': . MEN'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. i H. McLACHLAN & CO., I M anufacturer o f 1 2 M allory S t., D anbury. BALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. BAXTER HOT AIR FUR NACE. S treet a nd M ont· g omery S treet, D anbury. B ran('b F actories i n ) {\IIerton. N . Y ., B rf.'wster, N . Y ., u nd . M anufacturers o f t he N AINSOOK U NDERWEAR, B arnum's C ourt, n lanufacturers o f 1 W iring f or E lectric L ight H ATTERS' F URS, CEMETERY WORK. ~ JOHN S. FISHER, Electrical Contractor. M anufacturers o f - l ~ ._ M. H. SCHLITTER & CO., I DAVIS & HINE ROUGH HAT CO., G oods l\lade H ere G o to All P d rts o f t he '''Todd. P ower S t., D anbury. T elephone 1 674. 1 ,500 l bs. t o 1 2 , 000 l bs. D ANB URY I S A B USY P LACE \ VI TH A C ONSTANTLY WI DEN ING D IVERSITY O F I NDUSTRIES. THE FRANK H. LEE CO., MACHINERY DIVISION, Danbury Electrical Manufacturing Co., . GEORGE A. KINNER, M anufacturers o f ,,.'_. . WINTHROP AND REGAL HATS. 4 5 R iver S t., Danb-ury. T ELEPHONE 9 9. D. E. LOEWE &: CO., M anufa.cturer o f S OFT F UR F ELT H ATS. R iver S t ., D anbu ry, C onn . �ea.r !Ii O Tlin ;:)10., . uU,UU U 1'y. . T elep hone 7 70 . I I I 'l'e1. t j o. ' l'elepnone ., a i ) . II . rTHE FRANK H. LEE CO., THE MALLORY HAT CO., HE BALL & ROLLER BEARING CO. M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f M an ufacturers o f F INE F UR H ATS. ALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. C apacity 2 ,500,000 F INE F UR F ELT ~~ H eads a Y ear . T ELE PHONE 4 09. D an b ury, Conn. P ower S t ., D anbury. M aple Ave., D anbury. Tel. 9. IBEAVER BROOK lUE MURPHY-GORMAN COMPANY. THE HILL & LOPER CO., i PAPER MILLS, INC. M anufacturers o f Ja.s. E. G allagher, P res., M anufacturers o f M anufa cturers o f " HI-LO" F UR F ELT H ATS. WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIAL TIES. "EMERSON" HATS. F actory-North E nd, R iver S t ., D anbury. M ills-Beaver B rook, D anbury. D an bury. T ELEPHON E 2 11 . TEl j EPHO~E 1 380. T ELEPHONE 1 448. 1': . . ._____. . . .____II. . . .__ L ater, w hen S amuel F . B. M orse c ame t o C ongress, w e d s ome m embers i n t hose d ays w ho w ere p essimistic and. t h e y r efused t o v ote f or a l ittle a ppropriation t o s tring a t ele . g ra ph l ine f rom W ashington t o B altimore . T he o ptimists h ap I pH y w ere i n t he! majority . T he p essimists s aid: " What i s t he u s e o f m aking t e a ppropriation? I t w on ' t w ork, " -but i t d id M anufa ctu re rs o f w o rk, a nd t o-d y t he t elegra.ph, t he c able a nd t he s ubmarine C ORSETS, c a ble a re a lmo t a s n ecessary t o o ur d aily e xistence a s t he , w a ter w e d rink o r t he a ir w e b reathe. P APER B OXES And I h ave o ften t ·h ought t hat i f s ome o f t hese p essia nd A ccessories. m i sts h ad b een f resent i n t he G arden o f E den w hen t he C hestnut S t ., F oot E a.st o ut o A dam nd E ve, t hey' ould I Aameighty t ook a r ibhaken ft heir .haeadsc reated d oubtfully wh ave L iberty, D anbury, Conn. l h v s orrowfull s a.nd .1 c1 a imed : " It is'' 0 u se, s he w on'i w ork." B ut, t hank t he L ord , I ! -_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- ---" s he d id w ork! I, I A nd i n t hi . t errible e mergency t hrough w hich w e h ave I j ust pas~ed, o n o f t he b righte.st P !tges , o f A merican h istory h as b een w ritte b y t he w omanhood o f t he .United S tates. All h onor a nd g lory t o t he w omen o f A me rica! W e h ave a g reat c ountry. S ometim es s ome o f o ur p ubMACHINE CONTRACTING lic o fficials ma.y b e w ro ng, b ut t hat i s n ot t he f ault o f t he A nd all k inds o f i nstit utions t hemselves. T he inst itu tio~s a re s ound, a bso lute1y s ound. W e h ave g rown t o b e a m ighty n ation u nder I WELDING AND BRAZING. t hose i nstitutions. W henever y ou h ear s ome p essimist a ssail 0 6-58 E lm S t ., D anbury . o ur g overnment , r emind h im o f t he f act t hat t here i s n o o ther WARNER B ROS, CO., I ORRUG"ATED AND FIBRE-BOARD CONTAINERS, [ at B oxes , R ings a nd S tays , Milline ry Bo xes, W ood B oxes. I GEORGE A. McLA'CHLAN, I M anufacturers o f A LL K INDS O F F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH , I Solvents Recovery Co., T el. 1 207. DENATURED AND I • THE STEVENS-HODGE CORP., S pecialists i n Factory Insurance. T hc s e'rvlce'!! o f ( 'x,w,·ts f m'l~hNl rr~ I n d.'t. · rmlnln~ ( 'onI r uction ( '('on01ul es t o s ecur e 'l"~~!. I ns11rAnce rt\t {' ~. 2 26 M a in S t., D anbury . T ele}?bone 2 14 . TURNER MACHINE CO., M anufacturer o f HAT MACHINERY AND TURNER TURRETS, 2 8 - 40 M aple Ave., D anbury T ELEPHONE 1 7. - To f it . all s izes o f w ires . TWEEDY SILK MILLS, Danbury Square Box Co., W. F. T NSON CO., OMLI AUTOMATIC-SEALING . BURIA L VAULTS W at el'J#I' oofed s t ef' l I' c- Inlorcf' d c on c r e t l? ' V I/l l ost . t hro u g h t he o g eS. S old t hrongh u nd e rt ak er s a nd d e li vc"ed t o a n y p oi n t \ I I f h ln f if ty r nU es . ~ D anbury. M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f T ELEPHONE 8 00. H AT B ANDS A ND B RAIDS , F IBREBOARD , S HIPPING C ONTAINERS D anbury. And Square Paper Boxes. T elephone 3 9. E lmwood P lace . Tel. 2 92. / d I I 266 Main St. Tel. " P URE R ABBIT S KIN G LUE. HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS, Waste, Skins, Etc .. GELATINE AND GLUE. IMPERIAL SILK WORKS, JHE SHORT HAT CO., D anbury, Conn. W m. F . Buzaid, P res ident a nd M a.nager. M anufact ur ers o f HAT BANDS , BRAIDS Iron and Brass Foundry. , AND CORDS. T horpe S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 2 99. Manufa. cturers o f i MEDIl'JM AN,D HIGHGRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. 4 5 R iver S t ., D anbury . T elephone 1 80 . - ..-~. -~ -"= ============ I DANBURIANS KEEP GOING, Keep busy, keep working and keep worlring . I together--more factories, more work. I ~ ~--------------~ P. YOUNG & SONS CO., M anufactu r ers o f HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS. 3 9 R ose S t ., D anbury. T elephone 1 71. SIrd ON & KEANE, Manufac t urers o f STOC K HAT BODIES REUBEN B. PEARCE, IN THE ROUGIJ. 2 0 3 M a in S t ., D anbury . f a ylor S t ., D an bury. T ELEPHONE 9 25. Telephone 2 3 1 . -------------------- I .!-f LUKE F. SWEENEY, MILL CONTR'UCTION AND GENERAL CONTRACT ( WORK OF ALL KINDS. ; 2 6 M ontgomery S t .... . D anbury. 144. 11 Teleph one 159. ------------------- I NDUSTRIAL I NSURA NCE i ~----------------------- rt B e av er S t., D anbury. Of E v ery D escription. THE MUTUAL FUR CUTTING CO., INC. T ELEPHONE 3 5. 3 36 Main S t" D anbury . " CONN. R iver S t., D anbury, Conn. ] a a nufacturers o f Manuf acturers o f Printing of the Better 1 K'In d• 1 S OFT F UR F ELT H ATS. ~=========,:: ':l:rll~~ 1 M anufa.cturer o f TELEPHONE 5 2. DANBUHY; 3 9 P ahquioque Ave" D. E. LOEWE &: CO., 1 8 Crosby S t ., D a nbury . THE CON NECTICUT GL UE CO ~ WOOD ALCOHOL, T horpe S t., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 7 58. H AT W IRES A ND S TEEL C LASPS oI_U_._~ _"_v"_'_AOJ. .. M a nufacturer ,of All Ki nds o f - ~=======.=::-= - no o ther c ountr y a sks s o l ittle o f i ts c itizens . i n r eturn.-con- II . J I M ; g ressman J ulius K ahn. qq~11...... 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t., :36 M ain S t . GEORGE A. KINNER, ~========~ n ati on i n t he w orld t hat g ive s i ts c itizens s uch b enefits, s uch .___~=======~ , advantages , s u ch o pportunities a s d oes o ur g overnment a nd ~.-- ~:...._ _ _ _ _ _ _- -, . - - - - - - - - - - . , - 'HE CLARK BOX CO., The Ellis Contracting and Welding Co., .....lU---·-.-.. -.-. .. p T_e_ _ho_n_e_5_6__ _ l e_ . T ELEPHONE 3 10. HESITATION AND TIMIDITY ARE AS FATAL IN COMMERCE AS IN WAR. P" os p""il~ ' a nd pl f' n t ~ · to ( ' .\: h' llI s u r h a s o , "c n A tu e rit ' w, a ll h as 11 ( ', ('· 1 d l ' (,UI1 H' U o f a l 't" 8 \\ a itln g ' ,, ~ " "Ih Ollts lr c t t' h e d O '·II1 S. ' 1'0 ( ·II .i() ~· Ih ~ n) " . ~ h Hv e 0 1'1)' 10 :,!;'O ~ H'at!il\ ' f O"""fu -ti l u t11 ~#.' 1 l ll t'f )) . (, v,,;, If " i t'l' I " ," . c w u s a. 1 . .. .. , ,11(' 11 · 1 " (, \\,11, ' 11 ", a \\"il . I~ '. I h (' P" odU ('l' (' 1 10'\ i s t lUl1 t illl t· , �D AXBrRY E YEKIKG K E\VS, T UESDAY, O CTOBER v .% Danbury Squ e Box Co., M anufacturers o f F IBREBOARD S HIPPING C ONTAINERS DANBURY. CONN. 'inting of the Better Kind. HAT BANDS, BRAIDS AND CORDS. Tel. 144. - T ELEPHONE 2 99. E lmwood P lace. Tel. 2 92. . H SCHLITTER & CO., ~ BEAVER BROOK . , PAPER MILLS, INC. P roducers o f GH-G RADE MEMORIAL CEMETERY WORK. E llsworth Ave., D anbu.ry. I THE FRANK H. LEE CO., MACHINERY DIVISION, PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. WRAPPING PAPER, TEXTILE WRAPPERS AND SPECIALTIES. T elephone 1 260. - ---- ~ N B URY & BETHEL GA~ AN D ELECTRIC CO., M anufacturers o f ',AS ' AND ELECTRICITY "' or I llumination, H eat a nd P ower. O ffice-2 3 8 M ain S t. T elephone 3 0. P lant-Pahquioque Ave. .- Danbury Electrical Manufacturing Co., E LECTRICAL . S UPPLIES, ' JOHN S. FISHER, Electrical Contractor. W iring f or E lectric L ight a nd P ower . H ighland A venue. 3 10 M ain S t·., D anbury. T elephone 1 674. M anufacturers o f T elephone 9 08-2. - - - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - THE CONNECTICUT GLUE CO., C. I. ROBINSON & CO., M anufacturers o f High-Grade Steel Balls for Anti-Friction Bearings. M anuf a cturers o f T HREAD P URE R ABBIT S KIN G LUE. , AND FINISHERS OF COTTON YAR~S. 4 3 F oster S t., D anbury. B eaver S t ., D anbury . 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet, T ELEPHONE 7 00. T elephone 1 59. D anbury. T el. 8 69. SIMON & KEANE, F. D. TWEEDY & CO., DORAN BROS., M anufacturers o f HATTERS' MACHINERY, STOCK HAT BODIES T elephone 3 47. T elephone 2 31. H ATS I N T HE R OUGH. R ose S t .. D anbury. T ELEPHONE 2 63. DANBURY INDUSTRI A CO ORATION. L JOHN W. GREEN & SONS, M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADES OF SO r:~AND STIFF H:d S. : P ahquioque Ave., D anbury. T elephone 1 9. of WINTHROP AND IN THE ROUGH. T aylor S t ., D anbury. Hoyt-Messinger Corp., Manufac~urera M anufacturers o f 7 ·9 R iver S t ., D anbury. Have a part in this great co mmunity factorybuilding enterprise. Every dollar go es into brick and mortar, cement and tile, for the prop er housing of new industries. Substantial factories attr act substantial industries , a number of which are ob ta inable just as soon as suitable factories can be prepar ed for them. The shares are sold at par, $10, with 10 per cent. down and the balance in installm ent s, ~s called by the bJard of directors; or, for cash. They are on sale at the four banks of Danbury, or by mail. Address 'l'.ELEPHO ' E 1 380. T O Va - --_._- M ETAL BALL CO., This is one resp onsibility no Danb urian can afford to evade. P ower S t., D anbury. M ills-Beaver B rook, D anbury. T elephone 1 370. r-- - - " - - OWN STOCK THE D. I. C . M anufacturers o f J as. E. G allagher, P res., M anufacturers o f - , - - - - -- :a E G oods M ade I-I ere G o t o A ll P arts o f t he vVo rl d. T horpe S t., D anbury. , And Square Paper Boxes. ST DANBURY I S A B USY P LACE \ VrrH A C ONS T ANTLY \ \ I DENING D IV E RSITY O F I NDUST R IES. 'IMPERIAL SILK WORKS, M anufact r ers o f Jf!4 i Main St. IN 21, 1919. !l "Yl , A REGAL HATS. 4~ , R iver S t ., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 9 9. 'f D. E. LOEWE & CO., " M anufa.oturer o f S OFT F UR F ELT, HATS. R iver S t., D anbury, Oonn. T ELEPHONE 315. / ! .J.. E . P IKE. S ec reta,')'. COLUM BIA HAT CO., THE SHORT HAT CO., PECK FUR CO., C utters o f STOC K HAT BODIES IN THE ROUGH H A T TERS' FURS, B arnum's O ourt, R ose S t., D anbury. MEDIUM AND HIGH· GRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. 4 5 R iver S t., T el. 1 4. Da~bury. T elephone 1 80. T elephone 7 70. rHE BALL & ROLLER BEARING CO. Danbury Manufacturing Company. THE HULL HARDWARE AND PLUMBING CO. M anufacturers o f NAINSOOK UNDERWEAR, M anufact'urers o f t he BALL BEARINGS A~D ROLLER BEARINGS. N ew M aple Ave., D anbury. S treet a nd M ont· g omery S treet, ' D anbury. B ranch F a,c tol'ies I n M ill e rton. • V_ B rcw £L r e N. Y ., a nd M anufacturers o f C ORSETS, P APER B OXES HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDI NG'S . S upposing t hat, b eginning t o- mo rr ow, a ll t he n ews· p apers a re d iscontinued. W hat a f uro re t he p ublic w ould a nd A ccessories. m ake. " News 1 N ews! W e m ust h av e n ews o r w e w ill b e no C hestnut S t. , F oot E ast b etter o ff t han t he a ncientll." " All r i ght, s uppose w e g ive i L iberty, D anbury, C onn . t hem n ews b ut o ut o ut t he a dvertise me nts." T hen w e w ould d iscover t hat p olitics, t he d oings o f s o· I ci ety, n otices o f f ires, a ccidents, d ea.t hil , s candals , s ports , t he i I' a ctivities o f t he p olice a nd c riminals a dd l ittle o r n othing t o i t he r eal c omfort a nd h appiness o f t his g reatest a ge i n t he ' w orld's h istory. W ha.t g enii a re t hey t hat h ave c r Owded t he l ast f ifty I y ears w ith s o m uch o f a dvantage t o h u m ans? T hey a re l egion MACHINE CONTRACTING i n n umber. b ut n ot l east a mong t hem i s A dvertising . And all k inds o f O ur d ay i s t he g reatest t ime t he w orld h as s een b ecause w e h ave m ore t o b e h appy w ith, b \.":" I l l ' . . ugs, g reater v a- WELDING AND BRAZING. riety, g rea.ter c omforts g athered t ogeth er f rom t he nort~ 5 6·58 E lm S t., D anbury. e ast, w est a nd s outh f or o ur c ho o sing a nd s election. L ook I I The von Gal Hat Co. , D anbury, C onn. 3 9 R ose S t., D anbury. T elephone 1 71 . ! ---------The EUis Contracting and Welding Co., BAXTER HOT AIR FUR NACE. ! 1 83 M ain S t. , D anbury. .T~ EPHONE 2 4. P. YOUNG & SONS CO., n lanufacturers o f W HAT A DVERTISING MEANS T O T HE W OR LD . n lanufacturers o f M an ufacturers o f e ar N orth S t .• Da.nbury. WARNER BROS. CO., , COTRELL &LEONARD, LUKE F. SWEENEY, M anufacturers o f MILL CONTRUCTION AN D GENERAL CONTRACT WORK OF ALL KINOS. "THE lETNA." T he G uaranteed H at . Soft and Stiff Shapes. P ark A venue, D anbury. Tel. 1 044. 2 6 M ontgomery S t., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 3 70. �~anufacturer8 of ~ BEARI NGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. pIe Ave., D anbury. E LEPHONE 4 09 . r --4 ", .r-a:-a £ --, 00#r _ _ _ __ UNDERWEAR, N ew S treet a nd M ontgomery S t reet , D anbury . B ranch F a e to ri c i ll ' . Y ., B r e w s t e r . X . B ethE'l , C on ti. ~flll t# l · ton . Y ., r an d -~-' -~'errr BAXTERHO T AI R FUR NACE. 1 83 M ain S t. , D anbury . T ELEPHONE 2 4 . . MURPHY-CORMAN COMPA NY. PATRICK DURKIN, H. McLACHLAN & CO., M anufact u rer o f M anufacturers o f EMERSON " HATS. Awnings and Tents. FINE FUR FELT HATS IN a ctory-North E nd, 1 2 M allory S t. , D anbury. Ma.n ufacturers o f D anbury. T el. 8 6 . T ELEPHONE 2 11 . CLARK BOX CO., RRUGATED NO FIBRE -BOARD CONTAINERS, B oxe s, R ings a nd a y s, M illinery B oxes, W ood B oxes. M ain S t . T el. 1 207 . THE ROUGH. R owan S t ., D anbury. T elephone 3 55 . THE MALLORY HAT CO., THE HILL & LOPER CO., M anufact u rers o f I W TVU g _ _____ _ ~~ _ _ • _ _ __ i n n umber , b ut n ot l east a mong t hem i s Adver ti sin-g:- . A nd a ll k inds o f O ur d ay i s t he g reatest t ime t he w o rld ha s s een b ecause w e h ave r.1.ore t o b e h a.ppy witL.~ " .. ~. t il . , : ie'S, g rea.ter v a.WELDING AND BRAZING. riety, g reater c omforts g athered t og ether f rom t he north., 5 6 - 58 E lm S t ., D anbury. e ast, w est a nd s outh f or o ur c hoosing a nd s election . Loof{ I a bout y ou. T his i s t he d a y o f b etter f oo d, b etter h omes , b et - ; ~=========~ t er clot hing, b etter b abies, b etter h ea lt h , b etter b usiness . And a dv ertiSing- is t he i nstrument t hat m a kes t hese b ette r I t hings p ossible . A dvertising i s t he n ews o f a ll t he l o oms, o f a ll t he f urn aces, o f a ll t he l aboratories, o f a ll t he s h op s , o f a ll t he s tores , M anufacturers o f o f a ll t he w orld a nd a ll w orking f or y o u. I B ecause o f a dvertising , l uxuries a nd n ecessities t ha t I I o.n~e co~t a k ing ' s ranso~ a re y ours a t l it t!e p rices: A dver tISIng P Its m erchant a gaInst m erohant, a rtIsan a gaInst a rti sa.n, p roducer a ga.inst p roducer , f or y our b enefit, f orcing o ut t he b est t here i s i n e verytbing a nd t e lling t he w orld a bout i t . R ead a dvertising. K eep a breast o f t o-day . A dvertising I f urnisbes y ou w ith f acts a nd o pportunities t hat y ou w ould I o therwise n ever k now .-The P urchasing A gent. D an·b ury, Conn. T el. 9. " HI-LO" F UR F ELT H ATS. R iver S t ., D anbury . T ELEPHONE 1 448 . S p ecialists i n Factory Insurance. h (' S f'r"' ic('s o f E'XPE'rts ' f url'd f rl'c I n d etl'nnlnlng c on('lIon e con01ni es t o s ecure CRt i llsurallco r atl'6 . 2 6 M ai n S t., D anbury. T elepbone 2 14 . ~ THE FRANK H. LEE CO., M anufact \'rers o f F INE F UR H ATS. C apacity 2! J OO,OOO . TWEEDY SILK MILLS, P a.rk A venu e, D anbury . T el. 1 044 . ___________ , ..----------NEW MACHINE CO., DENATURED AND WOOD ALCOHOL, M a n u facturers o f 3 9 P ahquioque A ve ., A LL K INDS O F F INE H ATS I N T HE R OUGH, AMERICAN HATTERS & FURRIERS CO., Inc., Builder s of M an u facturers o f 9 ·27 R iver S t ., D anbury. 2 0 C rosby S t ., D anb u ry . B eave r S t. , D anbury . T elephone 7 3 . T elephone 5 6 . T ele phone 1 59. GEORGE A. KINNER, H. LONDA, M anufacturer o f All K ind s o f n [a nufacturer o f All K ind s o f HAT TERS' FUR S, ;::==========: - ----------' - -----------' LANSDEN CO., INC., P OWER S TREET . ~tnufac t ur ers o f GEORGE A. McLACHLAN, T ELEPHONE 3 70 . HAT MACHINERY I Solvents Recovery Co., V'Ti"- -. - _ , Danbury . MEN'S FUR HATS IN THE ROUGH. M anufacturers o f F I T F U R F ELT E l uonli lrl7ll10 1 Soft and Stiff Shapes. I DAVIS & HINE ROUGH HAT CO., D anbury. HE STEVENS-HODGE CORP., -~-r ._~ f o r t he t rade , A nd J obber o f :Bed S prings . T o f it a ll s izes o f w ires. eo 1 8 C rosby S t. , D anbury. C apacities. T horp e S t., D anbury . M oss A ve ., D anbury . F actory- Daley's L ane . T ELEPHONE 5 2. 1, 500 l bs . t o 1 2 , 000 l bs . 1 M ATTRESSES H AT W
IRES AND S TEEL CLASPS E LE(:TRICAL COil-1f-lIERCI A L j V EHICLES T elephone 8 55 . w. F. TOMLINSON T ELEPHONE 8 00. T ELEPHONE 7 58. A SPLENDID APPEAL FOR HOME BUILDING CO., n [anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f 'ril e C b loago T iU I'! & T rus t H AT B ANDS A ND B RAIDS, 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t ., THE MUTUAL FUR CUTTING CO., INC. H eads a ( Y ear . D anbury . HATTERS' FURS AND ROUNDINGS, P ower S t. ,. l anbury. T elephone 3 9. Waste, Skins, Etc. , GELATINE AND GLUE. D anbu r y, C onn . W m. F . B uzaid , P resident a nd M anager. TURNER MACHINE CO., Dlan ufacturer o f HAT MA CHIN ERY AND T RNE R TURRETS, 2 8.40 Ma.p le A ve ., D anbury R.EUBEN B. PEARCE, . )03 M ain S t., D a.nbury. f T ELEPHONE 9 25 . ·1-------------------~ AUTOMATIC-SEALI NG BURIAL VAULTS I I W a te rproofed s t E"e1 I' E' -In f orc e d c oncret... W ill l ast t hrou g h t he a ges . S old t brough u n dl' rtak r " a nd d eli..-erl'd t o a ny p o i nt " Uhin f ifty n dl es. 3 36 M ain S t., D anbury . I I I o. r uuning t h e f oU o w lllg I mpr l'6"h (' IHh'cr tisem n t i ll t h e C h.I cago IH'ws pllp e r : " Y o u l ea ru e d. t o ~a"e a n d e conOlni:t.e t o b uild I I h omc o r y our 0 \\ n ? H ard t o !\,ct .: P erbaps ! B u t e v e l·yth.ln~ " Ol·t tl h avin g j ' h at'd t o g el." b _____________________ . -------------------- T B E PHONE 1 7 . Iron an d Brass Foundry. L I IYIADE I N DA NBURY- USED I N LONDON, ENGJ.,AND F l eet o f I.a.ns dfn E l ct r ic Tr uck s U se d h y a L o n do n F i r m 111 D is t. ri bnti ng I t G ood • • �- D.AXBURY E VENIXG - -....-~ t==~==~~::::=:::::::::::;::::;-~=:------:-::=-=-~~~ ~~ NE'V~, ~ATnRDAY. O CTOB'ER 25. 1 919. -----::::-_,,__._ _._ __ _.~___:::=~=_-~::---:----:--=-============~==i* : : = .. A NBURY I I IMP ERIAL SILK WORKS, M anufacturers o f M anufacturers o f P roducers o f F J N ]'; F un P ELT GH-GRADE MEMORIAL HAT BANDS, BRAIDS AND CORDS. CEMETERY WORK. E llsworth Ave., D ~m bur y. M anufacturers o f High-Grade Steel Bails for Anti-Friction Bearings. RY GEORGE A. KINNER, I D. E. LOEWE & CO., M anufactu r er o f All K inds o f M anufa c turer o f H AT W IRES A ND f SOFT FUR FEL T S TE · L C LASPS H ATS . T o f it a ll' siz es o f w ir es. 4 3 F oster S t., D anbury. 18 C ros by S t ., D anbury. T ELEPHONE 7 0 0. o f the vVorld, T ELEPHONE 2 99. T el. 9. M ETAL B ALL C O., G oods }\t'l ade l--ler ~ G o t o A ll P arts T ho r pe S t., D anbury. D anbury, C onn. T elephone 1 370 . E CT D ANBURY I S A B USY P LACE \ VITI-I A C ONSTANTLY \ tVIDE N ING DIVEI~SITY O F I NDUSTRIES. I THE ~1ALLORY HAT CO., H. SCHLITTER & CO., T RIA - ----- - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - ~------------- .---- T EL E PHONE 5 2 . R iver S t. , D anbury, C onn. II ,-_T_E_L_E_P_H_O_N_E_3_5_ ._ --.J -------------------- - - - - - - - - - - , - - - - - - - - -. . = - NBURY & BETH EL GA; ANn ELECTRIC CO' I M an u fa c t u re r s o f AS AND ELECTRiCITY P ower S t., D anbury. = - . .-. --.- -------; C utters o f W iring f or E lectric L ig'ht H A T TERS' F URS, [. R ose S t., D anbury. :ea# :'~::: n::' 7~:~b~rY"__1 ' --___T_e_l._1_4._ _ _ . .! a nd P ower. 3 10 M ain S t., D anbury. !:1-.~=T=e=le=Ph=o: n: e N AINSOOK UNDERWEAR, BALL BEARINGS AND ROLLER BEARINGS. N ew n aaple A ve ., D anbury. S treet a nd M ontgomery S treet, D anbury. T ELEPHONE 4 09. B ranch F 'a,cvwi('s i n , )IilIcrton. N . Y .. B I·('wst('l'. N . Y ., a .nd . B ('thd. ( 'Ollll. THE MURPHY-GORMAN M anufacturers o f ! i MEDIUM AND HIGH GRADE SOFT AND STIFF HATS. TWEEDY SILK MILLS M a n ufacturer o f Awnings and Tents. 1 2 M allory S t., D anbury, D anbury. T el. 8 6. T ELEPHONE 2 11. H AT B ANDS A.ND B RAIDS, 2 3 E ast F ranklin S t., D anbury. T elephone 3 9. _ 1 - M an u fa.ct u rers o f M anufacture r s o f P URE R ABBIT S KIN G LUE . B eaver S t ., D anbury. 1 HATTERS', FURS AND ROUNOIN GS. I , 3 9 R ose , St., D anbury. -~-------- I _.J _ _______ _ _ I T elephone 1 71. H ATS I N T HE R OUGH. , R ose S t .. D anbury. I T ELEPHONE 2 63. I . I I LUKE F. SWEENEY, • MILL CONTRUCTIGN AN{) GENERAL CONTRAC T , WORK OF ALL KINO S. • 2 6 M ontg·omery S t., STOCK HA T aDDlES I N THE ROUGH. T aylor ~ t ., D anbury. . Danbury. T ele h one 2 31. n aanufacturers o f T ELEPHONE .3 70. C ORSETS, ) AMERICAN HATTERS &: FURRIERS CO., Inc., M anufacturers o f MEDIUM AND FINE GRADE S OF Sar i AN D STIFF HA ',S. P APER BO.rYES M anufacturers o f HAT TERS' FU RS, a nd A ccessories. C hestnut S t ., F oot E a.st ~ P ahquioq u e Ave. , D anbury. I B eaver S t ., D anbury. L iberty, D al1btlry, C onn. I000TheuetreasurdersportsibertyitBoa.sds,onwhho have failed60,000, -- I y re t hat h and a bout $ d t o h 6l of L n t o p re s en; t heir c ou pons f or p ayment. I N ine-tenth s of h olders o f L iberty B onds n ever o wn ed a I ':)ond b efore. B onds, u~ on b eing h anded t o t heir ' o wners a fter c om. p letion o f p aym ent , r eceive a h asty g lance, a re t ucked a way 30mewhere, a n d n e ver l ooked a t p ,gain u nless a s udden n eed f or f unds c auses ~h e h olders t o s ell w ithout e ver h aving t aken t he t r ouble t o 10 0_ . ,;#t t he c oupons - ttached, ; which m ean r ev,] a LlJImlJlo~l1ey. S imI!l r eadi ng t he r inted m atter o n t hese c oupon £: r - --I SIMO N & KEANE, M an u facturers o f S. ' M anufacturers o f F actory-North E nd, DANBURY INDUSTR!~ p~~!~2.~,~~ION- Hoyt-Messinger Corp., i M anufacturers o f "EMERSON" HATS. community factory- In ess _ _______-. :-__________, c -----------: COMPANY. Have a pa rt in \ P. YOUNG & SONS' C O., T el e phollC 1 59. T here i s n o oth er c ountry i n t he w orld w here c arelessb y t he p e ople c auses s uch h eavy d amag'es and. l osses. I I W riters o n f ire i ns urance c laim t hat a t l east o ne-half o f t he f ires i n t he U. S ., w hich c ause a nnual l osses o f f rom o ne hUn -j 4 5 R iver S t., D anbury. d red t o t wo h u ndr ed m illions o f « tollars, c ould b e p revented, i f p eople w ere o n ly c areful. ; T elephone 1 80. I ' _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _- 1 A nother i m pr es si ve p roof o f t he c arelessness o f p eopi l i s j ust b eing f urnis hed b y t he T reasury D epartment o f t he U. PATRICK' DURKIN, I ~ ~ ~~i:V:~:~t T elephone 3 47. THE CONNECTICUT GLUE CO., T SHORT HAT CO., ' ============'-'=~ I ~ARNER BROS. CO.,-, JOHN W. G & SONS, HE REEN , A M ERI CAN C ARELESSNESS. , Company. F danufacturers o f 7 - 9 R iver S t., D anbury. I ==:; ::9::0:::::8-=2=. Danbury Manufacturing rHE BALL & ROLLE R BEARING CO. This is one respo nsibility no Danbu!'ian can afford building ent erpr ise. Every dollar goes i.nto brick Clnd mortar, cem en t and t i le, for the proper housing of new Industries . Subs tantial factories attract substantial industries, Cl. numb er of which are obtainable just as soon as suitable f acto ries can be prepared for them. ~ The sh ares are solrl at par, $10, with 10 per cent. I down and th e balance in installments, 8.S called by the j board of dire cto rs; or, for cash. They are Oil sale at the " four banks of Danbury, or by mai l. Address JOHN S FISHER, . Electrical Con tractor. M anufacturers o f B arnum ' s C ourt, ~I I""'---------~ PECK FUR CO ., IN THE ROUGH HATTERS' MACHINERY, PLANERS AND GENERAL MACHINE TOOLS. p p ' --_ _._eJ._e_h_on_e_l_67_4_._---..I ' --_ _ _e_Ie__ho_n_e_l_2_6_0_._ _ T T TOCK HAT BODIES M anufacturers o f l VIa.nufacturers o f H ighland Av enue. I OLUMBIA H CO., C AT D ORAN B ROS., MACHINERY DIVISION, E LECTRICAL S UPPLIES, F or I lluniina ti oll, H e a t a nd P ower. O ffice-23:3 l\IID,in S t. T elephone 3 0. P lant-Pa.hquioqu e A ve. .- THE FRANK H. LEE CO., Danbury Electrical M llmfact!3ring Co., T ele phone 1 9. t T elephone 1 59. The Ellis Contracting and Welding Co., MACHINE CONTRACTING C I. ROBINSON & CO., . H. LONDA, M an u facturers o f M anufacturer o f All K inds e f T HREAD A nd a ll k inds o f AND FINISHERS OF COTTON YARNS, WELDtNG AND BRAZING. M ATTRESSES f or t he t rade, A nd J obber o f B ed S prings. 2 3 E ast F ranklin S treet , 5 6 _ 5 8 "~ m S t .,.D a n b u ry . J '1 I ~~--------~~--~ D anb l)l·Y. T el. 8 69. 6 0 n aoss A ve ., D anbury. F actory- Daley's L ane. I T elephone 8 55 ; • �INCRE~ ~ IR FORCE. Sunderland & Watson, Architects, Are Very Busy. A s t h e r es u lt o t t he i ncreased b uil d in g c onstruction i n t hi" c ity S underl a nd & W atson. a rchitecu,' " ' ho h ave o n1cd in t he D anburv C\'a: t lonal b ank buildin~ . . h ave f ound i t n~ce~8ary t o i ncre a se t heir ( ol'ce o f " orkers. E . C l ifford P ierson f ormel' ly a t t his c ity. w ho W as a Il~utell ant i n t h e U nited S tates a l'mv e ngilIeer c orps d uring t he w ar. a nd ,v. A . C ampbell. o f N ew Y ork c ity, h ave h een e ngaged aR d raftsmen. : \Iis8 ;\I,:vrtle B eckett h as t aken a P osition V' lt h t he f irm. a~ s tenographer. S underland & W atson m ade t he ]l1':lns f or t he n ew f actory b uildlnKs b eing e rected b y t he D anbury I ndustrial .cor p oration a nd h ave i n h and a nd l D p rospect m uch o ther 10c~1 c onstruction w ork. ER 7, T HE INDUSTRIAL CORP. C ontinued l !'row S Ix th P alte. - --_._ --_.----- poration i s i nterested a re. d oing v ery w ell i ndeed, M I'. L ee ,mlCl. a nd a rc c ,perating o n f ull t in)e. a nd t he o ther,; a l'e i ntact, t hough a ffected b y t h e p revailing d epression. ~e . s poke o f t hc d ec laration Of a d l\"ldend t o : ;toc},holders. a mountll1g t o $ 6.200. a nd c omplimented t he s eeretal·Y. J . E c1ga,. p ike, a nd t he t reasurer. M artin H . G l'itt1ng. u pon t heir f aithful ~ervice t o t he c Ol'poration. s aying t hat a s a ll t hc officer~. o f t he. o rganization c ontribute t he,,. s ervIc es . i t h as b een p ossilJle t o c onduct t he a ffairs Of t h e c orporation p ractically w ithout e xpense, T hc r eport o f M artin H . G ritt1ng. t r eaS ta·el·. f ollows: S talt' llIc n t a s o f A lI ~,..u st 15. 1 9 2 1. A SSETS. $ 6,567.51 Ca~h . ..... . ... . ..... . • . } ;otl'S r eecivable • • , • • •. • 5 0.000 . 00 3 .95o.5g E xpense a ccount . • •• • .• 2 00.00 S tocks a nd b onds . .•••. I ndustrial B ldg. N o . 1 ( Keystone I nt. F ood C o.) . ............ . 1 22.867.86 I 1 92i . 'INDUS TRIAL I~ CORPORATION I , . . ............ $ 183.591.95 J.. l A BILI'l'IES. C upital S tock . ..•.•.... $16~,044.00 l"ol~s p ayable . . . . . . •. • 3 .000.00 I I ntel' e st a ccount • • •• . • • 7 .297.95 ] :"nt a ccount . . . ..•..•• 5 ,250.00 i ' rhe a nnual l11 l"e ting o r t he ' tock-I 11"I.It:rs o f t he D~nL'Ul'y I nc1u,tri al C 01'pol'alion, w hi c;1 \ \"U.· h .. ld il: t he C ity H all I",t e\"l' n;n g. " c'cein'd a nd " cCepted t h e r "portti o r t h e o flicers o r l he CllI·PlFn.lion a nd r e-ciected t h e b oard o f d ire cto r". 1 n hi~ r#,pot't t o t he m eeting FI':1l1k H . L ee. p rt'sicll'nt ur t he organi~a lion. s a ill t h at o wing t o t he g (.n c ra l i ndustrial d epl'es " ion p re\'ailing i n t h e c ountry a nd t h e f act t hat e veryb r# dy w as t !'ying t o h old o n a~ h cs t ij h e COUld. i t h ad b e('n t houg-ht be~t LO' t he d in'ctors n u t t o a ttC'mpt f urthe!' cXj1an~ion u ntil ('onc1ilion~ I mI,,·ove. h ut e ffo rts h al! ' been d~\'utet1 I" ,,I n 10' t o p r omoting t he i ntcrc'ts o f t he i ndu ·tril" t hat t he c orporation ~as alreaclO' u ssbted i n l ocating h "r". 1 ;\11'. L ee s aid t he d i l'ecto rs h oped . ~ 10\Ve\' e l' . t o h~\' e S Onlp i nte r esting cws i n t h #' n eal' fu tul·e. Solli e o f ~he n ew indu st l'iC'~ i n w hich t he c or- , T ota l Industrial Corp. W Conduct ill Annual Meeting DANBURY - Stockholders of t he Danbury Industrial Corp. will h ave t heir annual meeting next Wednesday a t 4 p ,m. a t the office of the Conneclicut Light and P ower Co., Rt. 6, tony Hill Dist. , BetheL Reports will be m ade a nd diectors elected. Richard F . Gretsch , pres ident, aid stockholders will be invited .0 s uggest additional activities l or t he corporation. Danbury Industrial, founded n 1917, is one of t he oldest selflelp community corporations in .h e country. Danbury Industrial h as p layed a m ajor role in D anbury 's industrial diversification. I t built o r financed new buildings for in dustry o r o therwise encouraged industry to establish here. Many of the plants in the south end industrial complex were built by D anbury Industrial. . ..... . ... . .. $ 183.591.95 C us h A cco un t. C A H R ECEI V ED. R ('ceiv E'd Oll ~tock s ub# ;cnpllons . .. . . .. . . . $1.8~7 .5 0 It (,Jl~iz(' d I IRentc~.~el:~t~~l.e. ~~1.t.-. .~~~~ L .::. 3 .450.00 R eimbur#;ed o n I nd. B l dg . l "o.l . , . . ...... . .. . Intc\· C'~t-Lan~de n l oa n ~. $3,~77 . 50; s avings d e- partment. $ 70.80: L iberty b onds. $ 11 .65 ... I I r ' 1'otal I I Stockhol ders Hear Rep orts of ' O fficers and Re- e!e ct Directo rs. D A~ 3 .359,95 T otal r ec e ived f rom S ept. 1 . ·~O t o A ug. 1 5. ' il... $ 8.747.80 B al. o n h anu S ept. 1 . ' 20 . . 8 ,998.62 T otul . . ............ $ 17.746.42 C ASH P AID O UT. E xp ensr" . . . ........ .. •• $ 2.131.63 I ndu s trial B ldg. N o.1. . .. 9 ,047.28 I T ota l . ............. $ 11.178.91 H al. o n h ane! A ug . 1 5. ' 21 6 .567.51 I D epo"ited i n c om'!. d ept . .. $ 4.996.71 ] ) epo, He ti i n s vgs. d ept... 1 .570.80 T otal . .............. $ 6.567.51 U . S. L ibcl'tl' b onds . •. .. ..• $ 200.00 I tc mize d Ex pe n ~e A cco un t. S tationery a nd p rinting . .. $ 33.80 C loc k p resen t ed t o K eysto ne 1 3.50 I nt. F vud C o . .......• T a xes o n I ndus t rial B ldg. ::-:0. 1 . .. . .......... . 6 9",00 P lan» f or p roposed bldg-. ( L. B arth & C o.) . ... 1 00.00 I nsuranc e on I ndustrial B ldg. -:'; 0. 1 . .. .. •• •• •. 1 . 021.04 2 85.00 Office e xpense • .•.•• • • • •. 33.~0 S uppli es . ...... . • . .••• . . 1 0.00 P ost age s tamps . • •..... . . H eeurding a nd c crtified 1 0.00 c opy o f a nnual r eport 2 9,89 I ncomc t ax • • ...• • ..••• •• T ota l . .. . •....... •• . $ 2.131.63 u pon m lltiun o f F rank P . F arr e ll. a v ute o f t hanks w as 1 ;iven t he o fflcel's fOl" t h e w OI'k t h ey h ave d one. S. A. O liv a i nquired a s t o t h e a mount o r s tock # luIJscripttons ' called [01' paYI11 E' nt. 1\1 r. G rimn£" r eplied t hat t he p ayments c alIed f or a mounted t o a bout $ 175.000, a ll b ut a bout S 7.000 o f w hich h ad b een p aid i n . W ilbur F . T omlinson l 'xpressed a p· 11I'0\'al o f t he , at'e m anner i n w hich t h e o !licers o f t he C Ol'poration h u d (eonductecl t he a Ffait·s o f t he o rgani ' ;':&110n. a nd , aid t hey s hould b e c on IP'utulatecl. F l' anl, P . F arrell. R ichard M eaney a nd 'Wilbur F . Tomlin~on. w ere a p]Jointed a c ommittee t o p resent n ominations o f d irectors . T hc c ommittee r eported t he n am"s o f t he m embers o f t he exi~ting b o a rd fOI' l 'e-elE'ction. a nd t he s ecretary wa~ In structed t o c ast o ne b allot fOl" t he n ominees. T he d irectors c hosen a re F rank H , L ee. C harles A . M allory. ' l'homas J~. C ulhane. J ohn F . W oodruff. W illiam C. G ilbert. C har les D . P arks. A rnold T urner, J ames F . D omn. J ohn M cCarthy . M artin H . G riffing. A rt h ur E . T weedy . M artin J . C u n ning h a m . H arry M cLachlan. G eorge F . S h epa r d. J . E dgar P ike. �T HE D ANBURY I NDUSTRIAL C oRPORATION D ANBURY, C ONNECTICUT O ct b er 1 Re o rt c f ~ri of I 1 918 e ssrs. t ee a nd D oran, i n c onnection r ospects. -iii t h D anbury l !ldustria.l C orporati n L eft f or New York O cto e r 9 , n t he 7 :23 A. M. t rain. e R ere me~ a t t ne s tation bY F rank C. R eilly, r e)resentin t he l !.aectri c A uto '1 r uck Company t ?), . 1ent w i t h h in t o t he A tlantic Avenue T erminal, B rooklyn , w ere m et bY a utomobile a nd t aken t o t he f act r y. ' e w ent t hrourrh t he f actory a n s afl i n some d etail t neir e#..!uipmen~, s tock o n h and, a nd m acnines i n v arious s t.ages o f a ssen:bly, e tc. L e r ned t hat t ney a re noW ~aking o ne a utomobile c hassis a 7eek} a nd d esjre t o i ncrease i t t o ne do d a • T ney c laim t hat t hey c an s ell a ll t hey c an m ake. M r. L ee a sked h etrler t ney " 'iould h ave a ny j !ctions t o a f inancib.l Iran " 'oin o ver t neir b ooks a nd t bey s aid t hey o uld n ot. T hey t hen t ook u s t o t.tle 1 "oster-Stewart Company, w here we m et M essrs. ~oster a nd rt~~1ard, a nd r e-opened n egotiations f or b ringing t ne i "oster-S e'1iar Compan t o D anbur·. We h ad l unch Wi t h M essrs. 1 "oste r , nay'!{ard a.nd . Triey a greed t o h ave t he b oard o f d irectors g ive u s a . r oposi t icn, i n W hich w as c ontained d e i ni t e i nforI!JS.tion a s t o t heir requirelTen~s o f D anbury , a nd Mr. ' oster : )romise t o do t his a s s oon a s h e h as t ne opportun~~y t o i nvestigate t he r ices o f u sed m achinery t tat h a e an o f e red t o h im, i t b eing l oca t ed sonie h ere i n o r n ear 3C : .vfl. 1r . r oster t oo u s t o Ne Y ork t o t he o ffice o f ~he F erry H ut l lanufacturing Company, w here M r. L ee b ad a m eeting r elative t o t he a.rmy c ap. A t 5 :15 we w ent t o t he o ffice o f t he iR. rio h o a s C onstruction Company a nd t here m et a nd t~ k ed w ith ~r. h oWes, r elative t o t he c ost o f a b uilding, a.nd t he t ime i t w ould t ake t o c omplete a b uildin.::: S uct a s we '~ould r equire f or t he "!;'oster-COtewart Ccrr." a ny. M r. b owes c laimed t hat t he c ost, r oughly_ f i u red, o f a b Ulldin con~ainir-g 5 0, 0 0 s quare f ee t o f f loor s pac e , w ould b e i n t he n e:1gnborhood o f " 125,000. h e s aid t hat p rice i s a bout ~{ice w hat i t w ould h ave c ost b efore t hevar. I n a.ns~er t o a q uestion a s ~o how t he v alue o f t his b uild.ing w ould d ecrease a fter t rle w ar, r . HoWes s aid t hat i n h is o pinion i t w ill c ost a ore t o b uild n ext s pring t han i t d oes now, a nd t hat t he p r"ce o f t ra u ilding w ill n ot d ecrease f or a 1 0 t lme. n e s aid h e w ould b e v ery g~aj t o b e i van a oPP rtunl~Y 0 f irrure on u ilding tr~t we r .ould r equire, a t er a e finite d esie n was d ea clded u pon. pro~ t here ~e w ent t o t he B elmont H otel, w here e et M r. C lark ( 1), re~resentin t he o ston I ndustrial Company, a nd we l istened t o a r oposit.ion r elative t.o a new b ottle f illing m achine. M r. L ee D roruise . C lark t hat b e 'Nould m eet h ilil t t he ' Qelmcnt a t n oon,-October 1 6, a nd ~o W ith h im t o s ee ? ne o f h e b ott e ~illin machi~ee i n oneratio~ an~ t o g et.a o re ~flnite p ropositlon f rom h r elatlve t ~e a cqulsitlon 0 t hlS n a s vry. L e ft on t ne 9 : 0 3 t rain f or u r eW'ster. ' home a. t 1 1: 3 0. �~!!l!~~~tkr $ U'Vr07atuV - /84g q jJ(~'er-'~t-cld: ~C& r~~ A 'f;3sz.,cv~e-t- SerJl. g.-'.z;'"f?as. June 1 8th 1 920 . Mr . J ames F . D oran D anbury. Conn. D ear Si r:- v S ince y our c all a t t he b ank t his m orning w ith t he c ommittee o f g entlemen i n r eference t o t he F elt M ills l oan i t o ccurs t o me t hat i t w ould b e t he ' Part o f wisdom t o h ave a t l east ' three g uarantors f or t he no t e t o b e g iven t he Bank a nd we t hink w ith t his a rrangement we c an p ut t he Toan t hrough . The r eason f or a sking f or t his i s n ot t he l ea st d oubt o f Mr . Lee' s ~ua r anty b ut s imply a s a n a dditional s ecurity i n c as e a rtYthing s ho u ld h appen t o him o t t ,o h is b u s iness i n t he f ive y ea r s w hich t he IO~ i s t o r un . I f t here i s no r isk . in h is g uaranteeing I i t t he r isk w ould b e no g reater f or t he o ther two and i t w ould be a n a dditional s afe g uard f or t he b ank i n c ase a nything h ap p ened t o him . Our D irectors a s y ou know d islike l oans o f t his c haracter a nd we a re s imply a sking f or t his t hat we may b e t he b etter a ble t o h ave t he l oan made . P leas e l et u s know y our d ecision b efore o ur m eeting o n M onday m orning . I GMR/F -t,. _ ,. , t -I �F ACTORIES W AREHOUSES W AT ERFRONT A ND ( 9:A:U ,N C E~ R AI LR OAD P R OPERTIES I N D UST RIAL S I TES I NDUSTRIAL F I NA N C I NG J3 . €JJ:FFE~ d?ea[to'l. C H A IN S T ORE L OCATIONS I NVESTMENT P ROP E RTIES M A IN O FFIC E : R EAL E S TA TE A pPRA I SERS D EPOT P LA Z A. W HITE P L A I N S . N . Y . - WH 9 -2456 R EAL E STATE C ONSULTANTS J anuary 3 , 1 961 $Uu:e 1 907 Mr. J ack P inney 18 M ryt1e A venue D anbury, C onnecticut D ear J ack: You a re c ertainly t o b e c ongratulated f or a ll t he w onderful t hings y ou h ave d one d uring y our 5 0 y ears o f b usiness a ctivity, e specially i n s upport o f t he a ctivities o f y our o ld f riends i n i ndustrial d evelopment - - and some who a re n ot q uite s o o ld , s uch a s m yself. I h ope when I f inish my s econd 25 y ears , w hich I am s tarting on , you w ill b e a vailable t o h elp me c elebrate. P lease k eep i n t ouch . S incerely, WILLIS CWG:rd N EW Y ORK . C ONN •• M ASS . A REA S ERVED: N EW J ERSEY 8c P ENNA . r 44 S OCIETY O F I NDUSTRIAL R EA L TORS . M EMBER : C . W ILLIS G RIFFEN �RE PU B LIC ~ ec i alistsas R OLLERS O F A LUMINUM P . O . B OX P Ioneer 3 - 2 7 31 55 T RI ANGLE F OIL 408 S TREET D AN B URY, C ONNEC TI CUT J OHN W . D OU GL AS P RESIDENT N ov e mb er 2 3, 1 96 0 M r. J airus S ea rl e P inney 1 8 M y rtle A venue D a n bur y, C on nec ticut D e ar M r. P i nney: I r e centl y r ead o f y our r etirement f rom t he H ousato n ic P ublic S ervi ce C ompany a fter m any y ears i n i ts e mp lo y, a nd I w ish t o a dd m y v oice t o y our m any f rie nd s w ho a re w ishi ng y ou f utur e s ucce s s an d h a p pi n ess . I a m d eli gh t ed t hat y ou w ill c onti n ue y our w ork i n t he D an bu ry I n dustrial C or p o r atio n. I s till r eca ll v ividly t hat y ou w e re o ne o f t he f irst c itizens o f D anbury w h om I m et d uring m y f irst t al k s w it h T ed H a g u e i n J anuary 1 946, a nd y ou d e s erv e c onsiderable c redit f o r i n flu en ci n g u s t o e stablish i n D anbury. I t rust t hat o u r p aths w ill c ross i n t he n ear f uture; a nd i n t he m eantime, m y v ery b e st w ishes. S incerely, ~~ J oh n W . D ou g las J WD:mcvz �P . O. Box 351 P alos H eights, I llinois November 2 5, 1 960 Mr. J ack P inney H ousatonic P ublic S ervice 2 38 Main S treet D anbury, C onnecticut D ear Mr. P inney: I w ish t o t hank y ou f or y our i nvaluable c ontribution t o o ur t ask o f l ocating a new p lant. We g reatly a ppreciate t he t ime y ou s pent a s w ell a s t he s uggestions a nd r ecommendations y ou o ffered p ertaining t o v arious i ndustrial s ites. T he i nterview y ou a rranged w ith Mr. D olan may p ossibly b e t he c omplete s olution t o o ur p roblem. I e xpect t o b e i n D anbury f rom Monday a fternoon, D ecember 5 th t hrough F riday, D ecember 9 th a nd a t t hat t ime w ill c all t o a rrange a m eeting w ith y ou a t y our c onvenience. T hank y ou, a gain. S incerely y ours, +,-:dwa!~ �N~W Y U.ttK '1 ' J1. 1 . b U J: One-Industry Pro~le.m So_ lved _ _ Hat Business in Decline, ,But Danbury Is . OOlning B By D on H ogan ness b egan t orade rapidlY'. One DANBURY, Conn ., Dec. 7 .- company a fter anothe,r closed . T he a dvent of the automobile T he CIty was faced WIch a r eal e rased the b lacksmith t he c ar- economIC prQblem. · T o solve i t r iage m aker a nd th~ s addler ~he D n abury In~ustrial Co:·P. f rom i mportance i n t he A mer- Jomed forces w ith t he CIty i can economic scene. F orty y ears C hamber of Commerce. l ater i t also nearly erased D an- Richard C. G ram, d irector of bury f rom t he m ap of C on- the C hamber, a nd J ariu s P innecticut. ' ney, secretary -tr easurer of the T he lower c ars b ecame, t he D anbury I ndus trial Corp., d elower a nd t ighter became D an- scribed w hat h appened. T h e bury's budget. A definite r atio f irst boon was t hat t he c oastal was established. T he more peo- Connecticut towns even n earer pIe rode i n c ars t hat were warm , to New Y ork City t han D anbury c omfortable a nd low, t he less h ad developed as c ommuter f requently people wore h ats- towns, where i ndustry was n ot a nd h ats were to D anbury w hat w anted, where i t w as zoned gold was to t he g host towns of out. These towns, G re en wic h. t he West. WestpQrt, Darien, Ridgefield T he p erils of a o ne-industry f ought a gainst t he e nchoachtown became so a pparent t hat m ent of m anufacturers. even i n 1917 t he l eaders of t he T he D anbury I ndustrial C orhat i ndustry recognized t hat p oration, owned l arge t racts of s omething h ad to be done. T h e l and WhICh h ad b een bought work was seasonal, e veryone's y ears ago a t low p nces a nd economic life d ep el1 ded on a now could be sold as factory ." jet d ',o , i l e . ) " '- Bc b ~;o ble single b as ket of eggs, a nd t he sItes. T he CIty o ffered no ' t a,x l argest local export besides h a ts conceSSIOns b ut I t agreed t o Ja rius P inney, sec retary-trea ~urer Qf t h e D anbury I ndustrial C orp., p ointing t o D anhad become young m en who e xtend w ater lmes, a nd sewers b ury i ndustry r elocation ,map as R ichard C. G ram, d irector o f t he D anburv C hamwanted s omething b etter. a nd to bUIld access ~oads a t b el' o f C ommerce, l ooks o n. • T he p rescience of t hese m en I~to;;;;;;k;;;e;;;;niiiciioiis~t'!i!!~;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;:;;;;;;;;;;;;;i;;;;;;;=;;;;;;;;;;;;=;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;-====~, is p rimarily responsible for the II I --'.;;ii;;I~;iii;I~;;I!;;IX;;.!.t;;;._;;;!Ii;. *;mir!lliii,m!Wlm~~J~,-!!~w.~.',;Iii1t~'.J~1ii!iiill;imi. ...Ml;;;;M,:.m.lll.m;;lliiiniiil .• i . . . ;II;;I!I~II.! f act t hat ' D anbury t oday is a boom t own while m any o neindustry, p articularly t extile towns, t hroughout New E ngland h ave a ll b ut collapsed . D anbury's boom occurred despite t he f act t hat i n 1917 t here were f orty-one h at m anufaclurers i n tl1e c ity a gainst only five to.day a nd i n 1 94'0 a t ota ) of 4,430 p ersons, 66 p er c ent of t he a rea's e ntire l abor forcewas ·employed i n h ats a gainst 2,090, o r 21 p er c ent tOda'y. m;;;_!! �....., ) ....... 00 #D a / I- Dr :::# u i= ~ uJ U ~ a z z 0 ~ ~- u ~ #-- • ~ c:: :::# ~ #x:: a zco 0 ~/ L ane 0 6470 D o y ou r em emb e r E a r l ier th is month, T he S unday N ews-Times c ar ri ed a f eature story ab ou t Lake Kenosia's excu rs ion boat, " Montgomery." This photo, which has come to light since, was taken in p re-Wor ld W ar ? •••• I t imes and shows the a mu' y ou loo k closely, you w ill f i a t its mooring pl a ce left o' 25 y ears a go F rom The News-Times, June, 1953 A D anbury f isherman , l eaning a gainst a t ree s truck by lightning yesterday, was thrown 30 feet across E ast S wamp Brook , in t he F our B ridges s ection of B eaver Brook District, regained consciousness some time l ater and is reported in good condition in Danbury Hospital today (.J une 22 , 1953) . Sidney Waters , 44, of City H amlet, a fur c utter , received burns across the back and possible spinal injuries . . New Milford High School a warded 68 diplomas a t its first outdoor graduation exercise Sunday evening (June 21, 1953) . John R. F itzgerald and William E. Fitzgerald , both of Manchester, sons of Mr. and Mrs. John J . Fitzgerald of Candlewood Lake, have been admitted to the practice of law before the Con necticut bar. The brothers were sworn in by Superior Court J udge J ames Shannon a t New Haven. Both were g raduated f rom t he C onnecticut University School of Law. . Herb Love won the 20-lap stock c ar r acing feature a t the D~mbury F air Speedway Saturday evening (June 20, 1953). F rom The News-Times classified columns : F or s ale - Brookfield, colo ni al10-room house, one bath, three fireplaces, one and one-half a cres of land, more available , two-car garage wi th overhead storage space, 20 x 30 b arn, s tanchions f or t wo c ows , vegetable garden , old shade trees, nee ds a rtesia n well and fu rna ce. Asking $12 ,500 . J . H arry White , vice president of B ard-Parker Inc. , has been elected president of the Danbury C hamber of Comm erce . He succeeds F rank S. Stevens, g eneral m a na ger of The s hows the average income of 6,500 News-Times, who has s erved since Danbury families in the past y ear w as $6 ,410 . Th e national a verage was $5,086 June, 1951. B rewster High Schoo l g raduated 37 per family. William T. Wi lmot , son of Mrs. L.A. seniors a t e xercises in the school l ast Pauli and the late A.W. Wilmot, was evening (June 27, 1953) . Michael A. Troccolo of 35 B almforth awarded a degree of doctor of dental Ave., Danbury, has been installed a s . medi cine recently a t Tufts College. c ommander of the Danbury C hapter, Disabled American Veterans. 50 YE ARS AGO P rivate d uty n urses a t D anbury Nine be lls a re being added to the 15Hospital will charge $13 a day starting bell chimes which were installed in July 1 (1953). The increase of $1 p er the be ll tower of st. J ames ' Episcopal day will cover their eating expenses Ch urch, Danbury , last E aster . The wh ich pat ients now pay separately. addition will make this 'set of bells a The Most Rev. He nr y J . O'Brien, carillon. D.D. , bishop of Hartfor d, has advised Ma tthew S. R atchford J r. , son of Mr. the Rev. J ames J . Kane, pastor of St. a nd Mrs. Ratchford of 52 South St., J oseph's Church, Danbury, t hat the Danbury , has been graduated from ordination of John Bernard Hossan of Tufts Co ll ege dental s chool in Boston 64 North St., Danbury, will take place with the degree of D .D.S. in St. Joseph's Church Sept. 15. (1 953 ). Summ er , according to the calendar, Michael J. Vulcano of 7 P rin ce St. , ar rived today, a nd with it the fir st Danbury, was honored at a reti rement ha nd organ man of the season. dinner in Concordia Hall la st evening Miss Mary E. Hawley of Newtown, ( J un e 23 , 1953). He served 32 yea rs a s a who has been most generous in public l etter c arrier. gifts to t hat community, has offered Richard W. Hanna , son of William the town $250 ,000 for the const ruction H anna o f C andlewood I sl e , N ew of a new town hall and la nd necessa ry F airfie ld , and Mrs. E laine Hanna of for the site of t he s truct ure , in addition 152 G reenwood Ave., Bethel , w as . to that on which the present town r ecently g rad uated f rom t h e Con- building stands . necticut Un iversity Law School, with Citizens of Beaver Brook District honors . He has been ·admi tt ed t o tht;! app eared before the town school board Connecticut b ar . .. las t night to petition for a one-room Kenneth M. Hooper, president of the addition to t he s ch oo l in t hat d istrict to C ity N ational B ank a nd T rust alleviate crowded condit io ns. Company, has been elected to succeed Ni n ety -eight g r a du at e s of t he the late Bernard J . Do lan as p resident Danbury S tate No rm al School in the of the Danbury Industrial Corporation. class of 1928 received their diplomas at H enry A bbott T e chn i cal S chool the 23rd annual exercises of the instigraduated 19 s t ud ents at exercises in tution held in Danbury High School the American .Legion hall l ast evening auditorium yeste rday after-noon (June (June 25 , 1953) . 21, 1928 ). Associated P ress ' item: U. S. Sen. I r c am Fa Su ev· mt wi Fr St( dir I He Ce ad. lin t h( wi a\l in# e t. WE SC i b l) TI l al ski WO W( an p .l on �
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Danbury Industrial Corporation Records, MS050
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The Danbury Industrial Corporation was established between 1916-1918 to promote the City of Danbury as an attractive location for business and industry initially through the purchase of land for industrial development. The collection includes the D.I.C. records, clippings, correspondence, legal documents and most notably a three volume Danbury Industrial Survey which contains comprehensive descriptions and statistical analyses of Danbury's business and industrial community from 1918.
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Danbury Industrial Corporation Scrapbook
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Danbury (Conn.)--History
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A collection of clippings primarily from the founding of the Danbury Industrial Corporation.
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Danbury Industrial Corporation
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MS050
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1919
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https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_redevelopment_research/397/The_Downtown001.pdf
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Text
The
Downtown
The downtown encompasses the older, more
densely populated part of Danbury. Is it
a viable area? What will its role be in
Danbury's future?
Webster defines downtown as "the business center of a city or
town", implying an area basically limited to commercial activity.
But the central business district (CBD) of a community is customarily thought of as the heart of the City where various
elements of the community come together and interact. Therefore,
the CBD is often an area where the diversity of land uses is most
abundant, including commercial, industrial, residential and
municipal development. The downtown of a city also serves to
form the image of a particular community perceived by individuals
who reside within or outside the particular community.
"DANBURY'S DOWNTOWN is U NIQUE IN TWO RESPECTS: 1) THE CBD
RETAIL AREA PROVIDES A M YRIAD O F C OMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES MIXED
WITH BANKS, GENERAL OFFICE A ND M UNICIPAL BUILDINGS W I T H I N A
THREE BLOCK AREA O N M A I N STREET A ND 2) W ITlll'N O NE B LOCK O F
THIS DOWNTOWN RETAIL A REA, O NE C OMES I N C ONTACT W ITH RESIDENTIAL LAND USES, W HICH COMPRISE T HE M AJOR PROPORTION O F LAND
AREA I N THE D OWNTOWN."
5-1
�Danbury's downtown is unique in two respects. First, the
CBD retail area provides a myriad of commercial enterprises
mixed with banks, general office and municipal buildings
within a three block area on Main Street to meet an equally
great number of consumer needs. Secondly, within one block
of this downtown retail area, one comes in contact with residential land uses, which comprise the major proportion of
land area in the downtown. This factor alone necessitates a
broader perspective of the downtown for planning purposes since
any changes induced by the planning process will not only
affect the retail center but the ambient land uses as well.
In addition, all of these components interact to determine
the character of the area and to shape Danbury's image and
therefore must be considered in planning a program for the
total area. This chapter will deal separately with the inventory and analysis of retail and residential land uses present
in the downtown area in preparation for the enumeration of
recommendations for an overall downtown program.
THE C OMMERCIAL DOWNTOWN
«
For the purpose of this discussion, Danbury's commercial
downtown (CBD) is considered to be the development along
Main street from the intersection of Boughton and Center
Streets north to the intersection of Kennedy Avenue and White
Street, as delineated on the following map. The western
and eastern perimeters of the CBD are defined as the rear
elevations of the buildings which abut Main Street within
the north-south boundary aforementioned. The eastern boundary also extends along Liberty and Delay Streets. These
boundaries were qualitatively determined by the consultant
through field analysis and observation of the dominant flow
of vehicular traffic and pedestrian movement along street and
sidewalks, respectively. The patterns of movement manifest
a complex web of interaction between the variety of existing
retail enterprises, institutional structures (banks, post
office, etc.), and the tastes and preferences of the consumer.
This definition of the parameters of the CBD coincides w ith the
area which has been the focus of four separate studies which
have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the CBD in terms
of its continuing as the City's retail center and which also
have recommended strategies for improving its economic viability.
Several conclusions can be derived by combining the results of
these four reports:
5-2
�THE
DOWNTOWN STUDY A REA
CENTER o f the
RETAIL C BD A REA
SOURCE: T PA
S ervices
DANBURY
CONNECTICUT
�Table 5.1
Year
Recent Trends in Danbury's Total Number of Households,
EBI per Household, and Total Retail Sales
Households
(1000's)l
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
15. 2
16. 0
16. 8
18. 0
18. 3
18. 8
18. 6
19. 0
Effective Buying
Income per Household2
10 ,721
12 ,205
13 ,291
12 ,870
14 ,073
15 ,863
17 ,050
18 ,346
Total R etail Sales
(1000's)3
101,665
103,130
121,222
156,393
171,975
297,724
317,227
347,030
Population Estimates by Sales and Marketing Management
1
^Personal income less personal tax and non tax payments
(developed by S & MM)
\l sales are all net sales, minus refunds and allowances
i
for returns, of establishments engages primarily in retail
trade (sales tax included).
1C
1
J
j
J
J
j
ft
j
Source:
Sales and Marketing Management
Danbury captured 62.3% of the total retail sales in a seventown market region in 1970. Brookfield and Ridgefield were a
distant second and third assimilating 10.8% and 10.6% of total
sales, respectively. There was slightly over a 4% increase
in the regional capture of sales for Danbury from 1970-74.
Consequently, Danbury has not only maintained its status as
the retail center of the region, but has strengthened this
position as a result of continued retail construction within
its municipal boundaries and the continued upward trends in
both the total number of households and household effective
buying income for the area. Though several towns, including
New Fairfield and Ridgefield experienced a sharp increase in
total retail sales for the same four-year period, ihese municipalities represent a much smaller percentage of the region's
total retail sales.
There is a dearth of retail data available specifically for
the CBD area. The 1970 U.S. Census was the only source of
5-4
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J
J
1
j
'i
IJ
f
i
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J
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j
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i
'
d ata found and indicated that in 1970 the CBD captured 24.2%
of Danbury's total retail sales. In light of the fact that
the retail expansion which has occurred in Danbury since 1970
has occurred outside the CBD, the implication is that this
percentage of sales capture is now less. However, two factors
speak well for the future of the CBD. First, the longevity
of many storeowners testifies to the fact that the CBD is an
area where an entrepreneur can maintain a "good business."
Secondly, through the urban renewal process a parcel of land
in the major retail block on Main Street has been prepared for
development. This could provide the first major commercial
development in the CBD in many years. The area is therefore
at an important juncture; its future status will be guided
by the policies now being formulated for implementation in
the next few years.
THE R ESIDENTIAL DOWNTOWN
As noted previously, the heterogeneity of the downtown requires
examination of the area from a broader perspective than the
economic aspects. Danbury's downtown is more than a retail
center: it is the core area of the City and "home" to many
residents. Planning for the area must therefore incorporate
these varied functions and determine the characteristics of
those who will be impacted by CBD activities.
"THE MOST SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE R ESIDENTIAL DOWNTOWN
ARE 1) THE P REDOMINANCE OF M ULTI-UNIT STRUCTURES (86% OF ALL
OCCUPIED UNITS), 2) THE AGE OF H OUSING (85% OF AJ.L H OUSING
IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA WAS BUILT PRIOR TO 1940), J 72% OF ALL
DOWNTOWN HOUSEHOLDS ARE R ENTERS, 4) THE A REA CONTAINS A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION O F H OUSING UNITS WITH A L IMITED NUMBER O F
ROOMS A VAILABLE,!,E, N 34% OF ALL U NITS CONTAIN 1~3 ROOMS,
AND 5) O NE-THIRD OF ALL R ENTER-OCCUPIED U NITS FOR THE DOWNTOWN STUDY AREA WERE CLASSIFIED AS LOW R ENT BASED ON 1970
CENSUS F IGURES,
The detailed examination of housing and population characteristics completed for the Downtown Study portion of Phase Four
of the Plan of Development update program utilized 1970 Census
data for the enumeration districts which comprised the study
area. This source provided the most detailed information
available for specific areas within the City. The following
is a summary of this data.
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The most salient characteristics of the residential downtown are 1) the predominance of multi-unit structures (86%
of all occupied units), 2) the age of housing (85% of all
housing in the downtown area was built prior to 1940), 3)
72% of all downtown households are renters, 4) the area
contains a substantial portion of housing units with a limited
number of rooms available, i.e. 34% of all units contain 1-3
rooms, and 5) one-third of all renter-occupied units for the
downtown study area were classified as low rent based on 1970
Census figures.
Age of housing is probably the single most important contributory factor for the conditions of blight and substandardness which exist in some parts of the area. As a rule, the
term "substandard" connotes a myriad of external and internal
housing conditions. In this case, however, the definition is
that of the 1970 Census of Housing in which "substandard housing"
was that which lacked a complete bathroom for exclusive use.
Approximately 5.3% of the housing in the downtown area was
classified as substandard i n the Census, as compared with 3.5%
for the City of Danbury. The highest incidence occurred in the
commercial downtown area (within one block of the CBD) where
approximately 12.5% of total occupied housing was "substandard".
Substandardness in terms of lacking plumbing facilities is,
therefore, not a pervasive problem in the downtown area, but
as noted earlier age of the housing in the area results in a
variety of physical and environmental deficiencies which would
normally denote substandardness. Substandard in the sense of
suitability for occupancy and freedom from health and safety
hazards may therefore be a more common problem in the area;
however, factual data in support of this premise is lacking.
In 1970, the number of units in the downtown area, which were
overcrowded (1.01 or more persons per room), was relatively
the same as that for the City - 8.2% and 7.0% respectively.
Overcrowded housing units in the study area were more prevalent
in housing that was rented than in that which was owned and was
considerably greater in housing occupied by Blacks (23.1% of
all downtown area units occupied by Blacks in 1970).
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The density of the area's physical development is reflected in
the fact that 14% of D anbury 1 s total 1970 population resided in
the downtown. Analysis of selected characteristics of this population in 1970 indicates marked differences between downtown •
5-6
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residents and the total population of Danbury. The most
significant differences are a lower percentage of persons
under 18 years of age, a higher percentage of persons over
64 years of age, a lower educational attainment level, a
significantly lower median income, a significantly higher
percentage of families with incomes below the poverty l evel,
a significantly h igher percentage of Black population, and a
higher percentage of "blue collar" workers.
These characteristics are summarized in Table 5.2.
The downtown area's existing housing characteristics, interacting with these demographic characteristics and a variety
of environmental factors - accessibility to public transportation, accessibility to shopping or employment, market value
and types of housing available outside the downtown area, and
inflation - create the circumstances which determine who will
live in the downtown area. The net positive or negative effect
of this combination of factors will determine whose needs are met
or will be met and who is or will be attracted to the area.
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There are two general reasons which account for why people
reside in a given area: Choice or necessity. Those who live
in the downtown area by choice do so because the housing supply
meets their needs arid satisfies their tastes and preferences.
The second reason why people live downtown has to do with the
cost of housing in any given community. Housing is generally
less expensive in a downtown. Functionally obsolete structures,
lack of open space in the general area, heavier traffic volumes,
noise and air pollution have all contributed to lessening the
demand for dwelling units in the downtown, thereby causing the
price for rental units within and near the CBD for example to be
relatively lower than for rental units of more modern vintage
in other parts of the particular community where traffic counts
are lower and housing is less dense. People with small incomes
who cannot afford the higher priced housing, much less an automobile, gravitate toward the inner city area with its more
modest priced housing, public transportation and close proximity
to needed services. Quite often the types of p eople who reside
in the downtown are reflective of certain demographic and ethnic
characteristics (e'.g. the elderly and/or minoriti.es). As has
been noted previously, the study area has larger proportions of
these segments than the remaining portions of the City of Danbury
If the present housing conditions (cost, type) in the downtown
remain the same and the cost of housing outside the downtown area
continues to increase, it is highly improbable that the characteristics of future residents of the downtown area will change
dramatically.
5-7
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Table 5.2
GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
Downtown
Study Area
I
City of
Danbury
Total Population
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6,940
50,781
Median Income
8,490
11,394
Percent below Danbury
Median Income
25.5%
Percent of Families
below the poverty level
12.5%.
5.6%
12.7%
5.2%
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Blacks as a percent
of total population
•
Population
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29.7%
33.9%
Population
> 64 yrs old
12.4%
9.5%
Less than 1 yr of High School
(I
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< 18 yrs old
45.2%
30.2%
4 yrs of High School or More
42.4%
50.4%
"White Collar"
33.0%
47.0%
"Blue Collar"
52.0%
39.0%
15.0%
14.0%
Years of School Completed
(% over 24 years of age)
Occupational Categories
(% of Total Labor Force)
Farm Workers
Service Workers
5-8
�Encouraging the maintaining and upgrading where necessary
of existing housing as well as encouraging housing of all
price ranges should be given a high priority in the greater
downtown area. Attention should be given to the needs of
those segments of the general population who could most benefit from housing designed for a particular life style geared
to require public transportation and easy access to work or
shopping -- the retired, the newly wed, or single with limited
income as well as those families unable to afford the cost
of living in the suburbs.
In addition, the construction of market rate apartments in
the moderate to luxury price range would create physical and
socio-economic diversity in the area. These activities should
occur in the immediate area of the CBD along with mixed-use
development combining retail, office and apartments stratified
in moderate to high-rise structures directly within the CBD
area.
As long as the carrying capacity of the area is not exceeded
(i.e. adequate parking and access for vehicular traffic and
desirable accommodations for the pedestrian) so that intensification of uses can take place by the above alternatives
without impairing the quality of living in the area, attracting a diversified population can improve the economic viability
of the central business district (CBD) as well. Improvement
of the central business district therefore should be viewed
from a social as well as an economic perspective. The key to
accomplishing this objective is to develop a proper balance
among the various uses so that they are mutually supportive
of one another.
It cannot be overemphasized that in order to encourage desirable
development to take place in the CBD, community commitment to
improve the downtown arterial system is imperative so that
accessibility is enhanced as well as to insure that adequate
parking is strategically placed. These measures are necessary
to facilitate traffic flow, mitigate congestion, bottlenecks
and air pollution. This positive action will go a long way
toward improving the attractiveness of the downtown not only as
a place to shop but also as a place to live.
5-9
�RECOMMENDATIONS F OR THE D OWNTOWN
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The downtown area must meet the needs of a d ynamic constituency i ncluding shoppers, professionals, employees, residents,
and visitors. These recommendations should be viewed as the
initial phase of a process, to facilitate p ublic policy formulation and implementation rather than to pay "lip-service"
to long recognized problems. Therefore, policy in this sense
is defined as "an agreed upon course of action."
•
The following recommendations operate from the premise that
downtown Danbury should be preserved as an urban center where
the diversity of land uses -- commercial, industrial, residential,
municipal, civic, and cultural — is most abundant. The future
of the downtown area should be guided by policies which will
maintain this complex interaction and foster desirable social,
economic, and physical•diversity.
"THE FUTURE OF THE DOWNTOWN AREA SHOULD BE G UIDED BY P OLICIES
WHICH W ILL M AINTAIN T HE COMPLEX INTERACTION O F LAND USES EXISTING I N THE CBD AND W HICH WILL FOSTER DESIRABLE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC A ND P HYSICAL DIVERSITY,"
A variety of zoning districts and, therefore, land uses currently exist in the downtown study area and should be continued.
This promotes physical diversity and facilitates various community segments coming together and interacting. Such a
zoning and, therefore, land use pattern reinforces the downtown
area as the hub of the community. The current zoning designations provided for appropriate land uses in the CBD, i.e., retail,
professional and business offices, cultural, a variety of residential types and densities, and provision of parking. However,
since the present zoning designation CL-CBD incorporates by
reference all the permitted uses in both the RH-3 and CL-10
zones, a separate classification of uses for the CL-CBD zone
should be developed to insure proper control over development in
this respective zone. Future land use patterns in the downtown
should not only enhance the area's existing development but also
encourage those uses which will increase the downtown's role as
a major tax base and the urban center of the community. Therefore revisions to the Zoning Ordinance to provide for strict
sign control, to encourage higher density development in the
CBD through use and provisions such as increased building height,
as w ell as emphasis on the provision of off-street parking and
site landscaping will serve to strengthen present and future
5-10
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development in the downtown. However, extension of the
CL-CBD Zone should be permitted only in response to market
demands and after the existing CBD block (between White and
Keeler Streets) has been developed.
An item of highest priority among the recommendations for the
downtown area is to provide for the improvement of through
traffic movement , i.e. traffic not originating or terminating
in the downtown. This was one of the major proposals of the
1967
Plan of Development and the construction of Patriot Drive
and the relocation of Liberty Street are the first steps toward
providing a circumferential route for non-CBD traffic.
Additional road improvements which will be required to accomplish this include: 1) construction of an Osborne-Franklin
Street connector; 2) provision of a through route parallel to
Main Street using a Maple Street-Thorpe Street Extension connection; 3) provision .of an alternate east-west route p arallel
to White Street; 4) provision of an alternate north-south route
parallel to Main Street south of Liberty Street by improving
Town Hill Avenue; 5) increasing the capacity of White Street
through various physical improvements which may also include
the elimination of on-street parking; 6) improvement of Wildman Street particularly at the intersection with White Street;
7) provision for left turn capability and synchronization of
traffic signals on M ain, North and White Streets. These
improvements will also improve access to the CBD and are ineluded in the City's proposed Circulation Plan which is discussed in Chapter 10. Cost and scheduling of improvements
are also discussed in that chapter.
"THE IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED IN THE DOWNTOWN R ANGE FROM MAJOR
TRANSPORTATION A ND P ARKING I MPROVEMENTS T O THE A ESTHETICS
OF S TREETSCAPING AND C OSMETIC I MPROVEMENTS TO B UILDING
EXTERIORS,"
Parking in the downtown has repeatedly been cited as the area's
major problem: it affects shoppers, workers, residents and
students. Several types of action will be required to improve
the situation. Improvement of the retail CBD parking situation should be two-pronged: 1) On a short-term basis, it is
recommended that the present policy of issuing monthly permits
for parking spaces be changed and an automatic or manned
ticket gate which levies a uniform charge on a per time basis •
be i nstalled; 2) On a long-range basis, construction of a parking structure to accommodate the d aily, b asically commercial
oriented vehicular traffic which frequents the downtown area
is recommended.
5-11
�One of the principal parking problems within the City at
this time occurs at Western Connecticut State College. This
major traffic generator is presently located on White Street,
the main east-west roadway in the City of Danbury. A totally
inadequate provision for parking by the State of Connecticut
has resulted in on-street parking on both sides of White
Street leaving two lanes available for traffic flow. This
is inadequate for the volume of traffic travelling this
roadway. In addition, the capacity of these lanes is effectively reduced by delays resulting from parking maneuvers.
The State of Connecticut must be approached to correct this
situation. Additional off-street student parking is essential
to efficient traffic circulation on White Street.
The possibility of utilizing an adaptation of the autorestrictive zone technique to ease the parking deficiencies
present adjacent to the CBD, and to alleviate the traffic
congestion which occurs on White and Osborne Streets due to
the institutional uses located in the area should be investigated. Initiation of a shuttle service by the Danbury Hospital and Western Connecticut State College for their employees
between designated outlying parking areas and place of employment should be considered. The peak hour effect of this
technique on traffic flow along White Street, Osborne Street,
Locust Avenue and Balmforth Avenue could be significant.
Public transportation usage in Danbury and the surrounding
areas is not projected to reach a level where it will significantly reduce parking requirements and traffic in the
downtown. However, the transit system provides an important
service, particularly to certain population segments such
as the elderly, young," low and moderate income persons and
the handicapped. The public transportation system should
be considered a component of the downtown and improved, expanded or altered as appropriate. The use of mass transit
in the City of Danbury is most practical and will be most
efficient in the downtown and the densely developed adjacent
areas.
Several transportation-oriented problems existing in the CBD
and immediate area have been identified and corrective actions
have been recommended. However, it is beyond the scope of this
5-12
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report, to analyze the downtown traffic situation in the
depth which is required to develop a viable circulation
plan for the downtown area which maximizes traffic flow.
A detailed traffic count analysis of the CBD should be
undertaken to obtain current traffic volume data to which
projections can be added. These figures will determine
the extent and type of improvements required in the long
run. In conjunction with this, it is recommended that the
transportation function of city government be expanded.
The present volumes of traffic and the potential for
increases in the future indicate that Danbury has reached
a point in its development requiring expansion of the
Engineering Department staff to include a traffic engineer
with responsibility for traffic analysis, coordination of
development proposals with transportation planning (local
and regional) and recommendation of improvements required
for efficient traffic circulation.
The downtown's "image" can be further enhanced by attention
to aesthetics, both natural and man-made. Open space in
the downtown area should be preserved and maintained as
public open space wherever possible without impairing the
city's ability to generate revenues to provide municipal
services. This measure would provide convenient, directly
accessible areas for public use to those segments of the
community who are most in need of open space because of a
dearth of available land for such purposes. The social value
of such parcels of land are insurmountable and unfortunately,
not readily quantifiable. Consideration for the provision
of recreation/open space opportunities in the downtown are
the development of linear and/or pocket parks on small or
marginal pieces of land, and the development of bikeways
particularly where road improvements are occurring.
CBD open space would not only provide areas for passive or
active recreation but would also facilitate social integration
of various subgroups, e.g., neighborhood families, meeting
places for employees/businessmen during the lunch hour, etc.
A streetscaping program including curb and sidewalk improvements, tree planting, and the installation of flower beds will
also enchance the physical appearance of the CBD. As noted
previously, landscaping requirements should be an important
element of all future development proposals, particularly
in the CBD where the density of development would be enhanced.
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Cosmetic improvements to both the interior and exterior
of commercial buildings along Main Street should be encouraged.
This measure also has the potential to augment the economic
viability of the downtown area. Facade improvement creates
aesthetic improvements and physical diversity to the downtown's
silhouette. A tax incentive may be warranted to foster
private retailers to continue such action. As the residential
and office uses in the CBD expand increased consideration of
pedestrian traffic in terms of access and interaction of uses
will also be required.
A coordinated implementation program involving both the
public and private sectors will be required to accomplish
these goals. Municipal actions such as adoption of a downtown development strategy, zoning designations for desired
land use and density of development, provision of road and
utility improvements, and designation of areas for various
forms of Federal assistance will set the stage for private
actions. Federal programs which are appropriate for
utilization in the downtown area should be sought and coordinated in light of the strategy developed.
It is important to realize that all of these recommendations
are tangible (physical) and should be viewed as benefits to
the urban center. Their implementation would represent a
net positive change and would tend to strengthen the city's
tax base.
5-14
�
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Danbury_redevelopment_research/397/downtownCBD.jpg
c544aac3ca9bd8677821072a8ec6b596
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Title
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The Downtown
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Booklet on Danbury Redevelopment
Date
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1960
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)--History
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TPA
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Text
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The Downtown
The downtown encompasses the older, more
densely populated part of Danbury. Is it
a viable area? What will its role be in
Danbury's future?
Webster defines downtown as "the business center of a city or
town", implying an area basically limited to commercial activity.
But the central business district (CBD) of a community is customarily thought of as the heart of the City where various
elements of the community come together and interact. Therefore,
the CBD is often an area where the diversity of land uses is most
abundant, including commercial, industrial, residential and
municipal development. The downtown of a city also serves to
form the image of a particular community perceived by individuals
who reside within or outside the particular community.
"DANBURY'S DOWNTOWN is U NIQUE IN TWO RESPECTS: 1) THE CBD
RETAIL AREA PROVIDES A M YRIAD O F C OMMERCIAL ENTERPRISES MIXED
WITH BANKS, GENERAL OFFICE A ND M UNICIPAL BUILDINGS W I T H I N A
THREE BLOCK AREA O N M A I N STREET A ND 2) W ITlll'N O NE B LOCK O F
THIS DOWNTOWN RETAIL A REA, O NE C OMES I N C ONTACT W ITH RESIDENTIAL LAND USES, W HICH COMPRISE T HE M AJOR PROPORTION O F LAND
AREA I N THE D OWNTOWN."
5-1
�Danbury's downtown is unique in two respects. First, the
CBD retail area provides a myriad of commercial enterprises
mixed with banks, general office and municipal buildings
within a three block area on Main Street to meet an equally
great number of consumer needs. Secondly, within one block
of this downtown retail area, one comes in contact with residential land uses, which comprise the major proportion of
land area in the downtown. This factor alone necessitates a
broader perspective of the downtown for planning purposes since
any changes induced by the planning process will not only
affect the retail center but the ambient land uses as well.
In addition, all of these components interact to determine
the character of the area and to shape Danbury's image and
therefore must be considered in planning a program for the
total area. This chapter will deal separately with the inventory and analysis of retail and residential land uses present
in the downtown area in preparation for the enumeration of
recommendations for an overall downtown program.
THE C OMMERCIAL DOWNTOWN
«
For the purpose of this discussion, Danbury's commercial
downtown (CBD) is considered to be the development along
Main street from the intersection of Boughton and Center
Streets north to the intersection of Kennedy Avenue and White
Street, as delineated on the following map. The western
and eastern perimeters of the CBD are defined as the rear
elevations of the buildings which abut Main Street within
the north-south boundary aforementioned. The eastern boundary also extends along Liberty and Delay Streets. These
boundaries were qualitatively determined by the consultant
through field analysis and observation of the dominant flow
of vehicular traffic and pedestrian movement along street and
sidewalks, respectively. The patterns of movement manifest
a complex web of interaction between the variety of existing
retail enterprises, institutional structures (banks, post
office, etc.), and the tastes and preferences of the consumer.
This definition of the parameters of the CBD coincides w ith the
area which has been the focus of four separate studies which
have analyzed the strengths and weaknesses of the CBD in terms
of its continuing as the City's retail center and which also
have recommended strategies for improving its economic viability.
Several conclusions can be derived by combining the results of
these four reports:
5-2
�THE
DOWNTOWN STUDY A REA
CENTER o f the
RETAIL C BD A REA
SOURCE: T PA
S ervices
DANBURY
CONNECTICUT
�Table 5.1
Year
Recent Trends in Danbury's Total Number of Households,
EBI per Household, and Total Retail Sales
Households
(1000's)l
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
15. 2
16. 0
16. 8
18. 0
18. 3
18. 8
18. 6
19. 0
Effective Buying
Income per Household2
10 ,721
12 ,205
13 ,291
12 ,870
14 ,073
15 ,863
17 ,050
18 ,346
Total R etail Sales
(1000's)3
101,665
103,130
121,222
156,393
171,975
297,724
317,227
347,030
Population Estimates by Sales and Marketing Management
1
^Personal income less personal tax and non tax payments
(developed by S & MM)
\l sales are all net sales, minus refunds and allowances
i
for returns, of establishments engages primarily in retail
trade (sales tax included).
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Source:
Sales and Marketing Management
Danbury captured 62.3% of the total retail sales in a seventown market region in 1970. Brookfield and Ridgefield were a
distant second and third assimilating 10.8% and 10.6% of total
sales, respectively. There was slightly over a 4% increase
in the regional capture of sales for Danbury from 1970-74.
Consequently, Danbury has not only maintained its status as
the retail center of the region, but has strengthened this
position as a result of continued retail construction within
its municipal boundaries and the continued upward trends in
both the total number of households and household effective
buying income for the area. Though several towns, including
New Fairfield and Ridgefield experienced a sharp increase in
total retail sales for the same four-year period, ihese municipalities represent a much smaller percentage of the region's
total retail sales.
There is a dearth of retail data available specifically for
the CBD area. The 1970 U.S. Census was the only source of
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d ata found and indicated that in 1970 the CBD captured 24.2%
of Danbury's total retail sales. In light of the fact that
the retail expansion which has occurred in Danbury since 1970
has occurred outside the CBD, the implication is that this
percentage of sales capture is now less. However, two factors
speak well for the future of the CBD. First, the longevity
of many storeowners testifies to the fact that the CBD is an
area where an entrepreneur can maintain a "good business."
Secondly, through the urban renewal process a parcel of land
in the major retail block on Main Street has been prepared for
development. This could provide the first major commercial
development in the CBD in many years. The area is therefore
at an important juncture; its future status will be guided
by the policies now being formulated for implementation in
the next few years.
THE R ESIDENTIAL DOWNTOWN
As noted previously, the heterogeneity of the downtown requires
examination of the area from a broader perspective than the
economic aspects. Danbury's downtown is more than a retail
center: it is the core area of the City and "home" to many
residents. Planning for the area must therefore incorporate
these varied functions and determine the characteristics of
those who will be impacted by CBD activities.
"THE MOST SALIENT CHARACTERISTICS OF THE R ESIDENTIAL DOWNTOWN
ARE 1) THE P REDOMINANCE OF M ULTI-UNIT STRUCTURES (86% OF ALL
OCCUPIED UNITS), 2) THE AGE OF H OUSING (85% OF AJ.L H OUSING
IN THE DOWNTOWN AREA WAS BUILT PRIOR TO 1940), J 72% OF ALL
DOWNTOWN HOUSEHOLDS ARE R ENTERS, 4) THE A REA CONTAINS A SUBSTANTIAL PORTION O F H OUSING UNITS WITH A L IMITED NUMBER O F
ROOMS A VAILABLE,!,E, N 34% OF ALL U NITS CONTAIN 1~3 ROOMS,
AND 5) O NE-THIRD OF ALL R ENTER-OCCUPIED U NITS FOR THE DOWNTOWN STUDY AREA WERE CLASSIFIED AS LOW R ENT BASED ON 1970
CENSUS F IGURES,
The detailed examination of housing and population characteristics completed for the Downtown Study portion of Phase Four
of the Plan of Development update program utilized 1970 Census
data for the enumeration districts which comprised the study
area. This source provided the most detailed information
available for specific areas within the City. The following
is a summary of this data.
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The most salient characteristics of the residential downtown are 1) the predominance of multi-unit structures (86%
of all occupied units), 2) the age of housing (85% of all
housing in the downtown area was built prior to 1940), 3)
72% of all downtown households are renters, 4) the area
contains a substantial portion of housing units with a limited
number of rooms available, i.e. 34% of all units contain 1-3
rooms, and 5) one-third of all renter-occupied units for the
downtown study area were classified as low rent based on 1970
Census figures.
Age of housing is probably the single most important contributory factor for the conditions of blight and substandardness which exist in some parts of the area. As a rule, the
term "substandard" connotes a myriad of external and internal
housing conditions. In this case, however, the definition is
that of the 1970 Census of Housing in which "substandard housing"
was that which lacked a complete bathroom for exclusive use.
Approximately 5.3% of the housing in the downtown area was
classified as substandard i n the Census, as compared with 3.5%
for the City of Danbury. The highest incidence occurred in the
commercial downtown area (within one block of the CBD) where
approximately 12.5% of total occupied housing was "substandard".
Substandardness in terms of lacking plumbing facilities is,
therefore, not a pervasive problem in the downtown area, but
as noted earlier age of the housing in the area results in a
variety of physical and environmental deficiencies which would
normally denote substandardness. Substandard in the sense of
suitability for occupancy and freedom from health and safety
hazards may therefore be a more common problem in the area;
however, factual data in support of this premise is lacking.
In 1970, the number of units in the downtown area, which were
overcrowded (1.01 or more persons per room), was relatively
the same as that for the City - 8.2% and 7.0% respectively.
Overcrowded housing units in the study area were more prevalent
in housing that was rented than in that which was owned and was
considerably greater in housing occupied by Blacks (23.1% of
all downtown area units occupied by Blacks in 1970).
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The density of the area's physical development is reflected in
the fact that 14% of D anbury 1 s total 1970 population resided in
the downtown. Analysis of selected characteristics of this population in 1970 indicates marked differences between downtown •
5-6
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residents and the total population of Danbury. The most
significant differences are a lower percentage of persons
under 18 years of age, a higher percentage of persons over
64 years of age, a lower educational attainment level, a
significantly lower median income, a significantly higher
percentage of families with incomes below the poverty l evel,
a significantly h igher percentage of Black population, and a
higher percentage of "blue collar" workers.
These characteristics are summarized in Table 5.2.
The downtown area's existing housing characteristics, interacting with these demographic characteristics and a variety
of environmental factors - accessibility to public transportation, accessibility to shopping or employment, market value
and types of housing available outside the downtown area, and
inflation - create the circumstances which determine who will
live in the downtown area. The net positive or negative effect
of this combination of factors will determine whose needs are met
or will be met and who is or will be attracted to the area.
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There are two general reasons which account for why people
reside in a given area: Choice or necessity. Those who live
in the downtown area by choice do so because the housing supply
meets their needs arid satisfies their tastes and preferences.
The second reason why people live downtown has to do with the
cost of housing in any given community. Housing is generally
less expensive in a downtown. Functionally obsolete structures,
lack of open space in the general area, heavier traffic volumes,
noise and air pollution have all contributed to lessening the
demand for dwelling units in the downtown, thereby causing the
price for rental units within and near the CBD for example to be
relatively lower than for rental units of more modern vintage
in other parts of the particular community where traffic counts
are lower and housing is less dense. People with small incomes
who cannot afford the higher priced housing, much less an automobile, gravitate toward the inner city area with its more
modest priced housing, public transportation and close proximity
to needed services. Quite often the types of p eople who reside
in the downtown are reflective of certain demographic and ethnic
characteristics (e'.g. the elderly and/or minoriti.es). As has
been noted previously, the study area has larger proportions of
these segments than the remaining portions of the City of Danbury
If the present housing conditions (cost, type) in the downtown
remain the same and the cost of housing outside the downtown area
continues to increase, it is highly improbable that the characteristics of future residents of the downtown area will change
dramatically.
5-7
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Table 5.2
GENERAL POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS
Downtown
Study Area
I
City of
Danbury
Total Population
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6,940
50,781
Median Income
8,490
11,394
Percent below Danbury
Median Income
25.5%
Percent of Families
below the poverty level
12.5%.
5.6%
12.7%
5.2%
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Blacks as a percent
of total population
•
Population
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29.7%
33.9%
Population
> 64 yrs old
12.4%
9.5%
Less than 1 yr of High School
(I
1
< 18 yrs old
45.2%
30.2%
4 yrs of High School or More
42.4%
50.4%
"White Collar"
33.0%
47.0%
"Blue Collar"
52.0%
39.0%
15.0%
14.0%
Years of School Completed
(% over 24 years of age)
Occupational Categories
(% of Total Labor Force)
Farm Workers
Service Workers
5-8
�Encouraging the maintaining and upgrading where necessary
of existing housing as well as encouraging housing of all
price ranges should be given a high priority in the greater
downtown area. Attention should be given to the needs of
those segments of the general population who could most benefit from housing designed for a particular life style geared
to require public transportation and easy access to work or
shopping -- the retired, the newly wed, or single with limited
income as well as those families unable to afford the cost
of living in the suburbs.
In addition, the construction of market rate apartments in
the moderate to luxury price range would create physical and
socio-economic diversity in the area. These activities should
occur in the immediate area of the CBD along with mixed-use
development combining retail, office and apartments stratified
in moderate to high-rise structures directly within the CBD
area.
As long as the carrying capacity of the area is not exceeded
(i.e. adequate parking and access for vehicular traffic and
desirable accommodations for the pedestrian) so that intensification of uses can take place by the above alternatives
without impairing the quality of living in the area, attracting a diversified population can improve the economic viability
of the central business district (CBD) as well. Improvement
of the central business district therefore should be viewed
from a social as well as an economic perspective. The key to
accomplishing this objective is to develop a proper balance
among the various uses so that they are mutually supportive
of one another.
It cannot be overemphasized that in order to encourage desirable
development to take place in the CBD, community commitment to
improve the downtown arterial system is imperative so that
accessibility is enhanced as well as to insure that adequate
parking is strategically placed. These measures are necessary
to facilitate traffic flow, mitigate congestion, bottlenecks
and air pollution. This positive action will go a long way
toward improving the attractiveness of the downtown not only as
a place to shop but also as a place to live.
5-9
�RECOMMENDATIONS F OR THE D OWNTOWN
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The downtown area must meet the needs of a d ynamic constituency i ncluding shoppers, professionals, employees, residents,
and visitors. These recommendations should be viewed as the
initial phase of a process, to facilitate p ublic policy formulation and implementation rather than to pay "lip-service"
to long recognized problems. Therefore, policy in this sense
is defined as "an agreed upon course of action."
•
The following recommendations operate from the premise that
downtown Danbury should be preserved as an urban center where
the diversity of land uses -- commercial, industrial, residential,
municipal, civic, and cultural — is most abundant. The future
of the downtown area should be guided by policies which will
maintain this complex interaction and foster desirable social,
economic, and physical•diversity.
"THE FUTURE OF THE DOWNTOWN AREA SHOULD BE G UIDED BY P OLICIES
WHICH W ILL M AINTAIN T HE COMPLEX INTERACTION O F LAND USES EXISTING I N THE CBD AND W HICH WILL FOSTER DESIRABLE SOCIAL, ECONOMIC A ND P HYSICAL DIVERSITY,"
A variety of zoning districts and, therefore, land uses currently exist in the downtown study area and should be continued.
This promotes physical diversity and facilitates various community segments coming together and interacting. Such a
zoning and, therefore, land use pattern reinforces the downtown
area as the hub of the community. The current zoning designations provided for appropriate land uses in the CBD, i.e., retail,
professional and business offices, cultural, a variety of residential types and densities, and provision of parking. However,
since the present zoning designation CL-CBD incorporates by
reference all the permitted uses in both the RH-3 and CL-10
zones, a separate classification of uses for the CL-CBD zone
should be developed to insure proper control over development in
this respective zone. Future land use patterns in the downtown
should not only enhance the area's existing development but also
encourage those uses which will increase the downtown's role as
a major tax base and the urban center of the community. Therefore revisions to the Zoning Ordinance to provide for strict
sign control, to encourage higher density development in the
CBD through use and provisions such as increased building height,
as w ell as emphasis on the provision of off-street parking and
site landscaping will serve to strengthen present and future
5-10
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development in the downtown. However, extension of the
CL-CBD Zone should be permitted only in response to market
demands and after the existing CBD block (between White and
Keeler Streets) has been developed.
An item of highest priority among the recommendations for the
downtown area is to provide for the improvement of through
traffic movement , i.e. traffic not originating or terminating
in the downtown. This was one of the major proposals of the
1967
Plan of Development and the construction of Patriot Drive
and the relocation of Liberty Street are the first steps toward
providing a circumferential route for non-CBD traffic.
Additional road improvements which will be required to accomplish this include: 1) construction of an Osborne-Franklin
Street connector; 2) provision of a through route parallel to
Main Street using a Maple Street-Thorpe Street Extension connection; 3) provision .of an alternate east-west route p arallel
to White Street; 4) provision of an alternate north-south route
parallel to Main Street south of Liberty Street by improving
Town Hill Avenue; 5) increasing the capacity of White Street
through various physical improvements which may also include
the elimination of on-street parking; 6) improvement of Wildman Street particularly at the intersection with White Street;
7) provision for left turn capability and synchronization of
traffic signals on M ain, North and White Streets. These
improvements will also improve access to the CBD and are ineluded in the City's proposed Circulation Plan which is discussed in Chapter 10. Cost and scheduling of improvements
are also discussed in that chapter.
"THE IMPROVEMENTS NEEDED IN THE DOWNTOWN R ANGE FROM MAJOR
TRANSPORTATION A ND P ARKING I MPROVEMENTS T O THE A ESTHETICS
OF S TREETSCAPING AND C OSMETIC I MPROVEMENTS TO B UILDING
EXTERIORS,"
Parking in the downtown has repeatedly been cited as the area's
major problem: it affects shoppers, workers, residents and
students. Several types of action will be required to improve
the situation. Improvement of the retail CBD parking situation should be two-pronged: 1) On a short-term basis, it is
recommended that the present policy of issuing monthly permits
for parking spaces be changed and an automatic or manned
ticket gate which levies a uniform charge on a per time basis •
be i nstalled; 2) On a long-range basis, construction of a parking structure to accommodate the d aily, b asically commercial
oriented vehicular traffic which frequents the downtown area
is recommended.
5-11
�One of the principal parking problems within the City at
this time occurs at Western Connecticut State College. This
major traffic generator is presently located on White Street,
the main east-west roadway in the City of Danbury. A totally
inadequate provision for parking by the State of Connecticut
has resulted in on-street parking on both sides of White
Street leaving two lanes available for traffic flow. This
is inadequate for the volume of traffic travelling this
roadway. In addition, the capacity of these lanes is effectively reduced by delays resulting from parking maneuvers.
The State of Connecticut must be approached to correct this
situation. Additional off-street student parking is essential
to efficient traffic circulation on White Street.
The possibility of utilizing an adaptation of the autorestrictive zone technique to ease the parking deficiencies
present adjacent to the CBD, and to alleviate the traffic
congestion which occurs on White and Osborne Streets due to
the institutional uses located in the area should be investigated. Initiation of a shuttle service by the Danbury Hospital and Western Connecticut State College for their employees
between designated outlying parking areas and place of employment should be considered. The peak hour effect of this
technique on traffic flow along White Street, Osborne Street,
Locust Avenue and Balmforth Avenue could be significant.
Public transportation usage in Danbury and the surrounding
areas is not projected to reach a level where it will significantly reduce parking requirements and traffic in the
downtown. However, the transit system provides an important
service, particularly to certain population segments such
as the elderly, young," low and moderate income persons and
the handicapped. The public transportation system should
be considered a component of the downtown and improved, expanded or altered as appropriate. The use of mass transit
in the City of Danbury is most practical and will be most
efficient in the downtown and the densely developed adjacent
areas.
Several transportation-oriented problems existing in the CBD
and immediate area have been identified and corrective actions
have been recommended. However, it is beyond the scope of this
5-12
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report, to analyze the downtown traffic situation in the
depth which is required to develop a viable circulation
plan for the downtown area which maximizes traffic flow.
A detailed traffic count analysis of the CBD should be
undertaken to obtain current traffic volume data to which
projections can be added. These figures will determine
the extent and type of improvements required in the long
run. In conjunction with this, it is recommended that the
transportation function of city government be expanded.
The present volumes of traffic and the potential for
increases in the future indicate that Danbury has reached
a point in its development requiring expansion of the
Engineering Department staff to include a traffic engineer
with responsibility for traffic analysis, coordination of
development proposals with transportation planning (local
and regional) and recommendation of improvements required
for efficient traffic circulation.
The downtown's "image" can be further enhanced by attention
to aesthetics, both natural and man-made. Open space in
the downtown area should be preserved and maintained as
public open space wherever possible without impairing the
city's ability to generate revenues to provide municipal
services. This measure would provide convenient, directly
accessible areas for public use to those segments of the
community who are most in need of open space because of a
dearth of available land for such purposes. The social value
of such parcels of land are insurmountable and unfortunately,
not readily quantifiable. Consideration for the provision
of recreation/open space opportunities in the downtown are
the development of linear and/or pocket parks on small or
marginal pieces of land, and the development of bikeways
particularly where road improvements are occurring.
CBD open space would not only provide areas for passive or
active recreation but would also facilitate social integration
of various subgroups, e.g., neighborhood families, meeting
places for employees/businessmen during the lunch hour, etc.
A streetscaping program including curb and sidewalk improvements, tree planting, and the installation of flower beds will
also enchance the physical appearance of the CBD. As noted
previously, landscaping requirements should be an important
element of all future development proposals, particularly
in the CBD where the density of development would be enhanced.
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Cosmetic improvements to both the interior and exterior
of commercial buildings along Main Street should be encouraged.
This measure also has the potential to augment the economic
viability of the downtown area. Facade improvement creates
aesthetic improvements and physical diversity to the downtown's
silhouette. A tax incentive may be warranted to foster
private retailers to continue such action. As the residential
and office uses in the CBD expand increased consideration of
pedestrian traffic in terms of access and interaction of uses
will also be required.
A coordinated implementation program involving both the
public and private sectors will be required to accomplish
these goals. Municipal actions such as adoption of a downtown development strategy, zoning designations for desired
land use and density of development, provision of road and
utility improvements, and designation of areas for various
forms of Federal assistance will set the stage for private
actions. Federal programs which are appropriate for
utilization in the downtown area should be sought and coordinated in light of the strategy developed.
It is important to realize that all of these recommendations
are tangible (physical) and should be viewed as benefits to
the urban center. Their implementation would represent a
net positive change and would tend to strengthen the city's
tax base.
5-14
�
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
9325aeab-af8c-4e46-bd0d-1cd682e325e7
Boughton Family
Danbury Redevelopment
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Ruth_A._Haas_Papers_MS033/415/ms033_06_03.jpg
2dc3899c0ca316cb078c0a640b4c5544
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Ruth A. Haas Papers, MS033
Description
An account of the resource
Ruth Alice Haas (1903-1986) arrived the Danbury Normal School in 1931 to serve as Dean of Women. For fifteen years, she lived in Fairfield Hall as the primary mentor and supervisor for boarding students. Over the years, she assumed more responsibility. In 1946, after President Jenkins’ death, she was the unanimous choice for president. She served as president for twenty-eight years, through times of significant growth and change for the school. These papers contain a cross section of her administrative records and her personal papers.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms033_haas.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
ba97b40a-e5e5-4000-bf61-d6c6cd9791c9
Document
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Title
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Doctor of Education
Type
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StillImage
Creator
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University of Rhode Island
Description
An account of the resource
8 x 10"
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1947
Subject
The topic of the resource
Universities and colleges--United States
Identifier
An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context
rg033_os01_honoraryDegreeRI
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
4dee28ad-7ff7-4fdd-842b-bba7edcff843
Ruth Haas
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Alfred_Geddes_Papers_MS008/450/fragmentsFromFrance1.pdf
7184f4dc496ef70c88ade38671987ed1
Dublin Core
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Title
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Alfred Geddes Papers, MS008
Description
An account of the resource
3.0 Linear Feet
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
summary: Geddes was appointed Dean of Men at Danbury State Teacher’s College in 1947 and served in that role until he retired in 1974. In 1939, he earned a Masters in education from Yale, and in 1955 received his Doctorate in Student Personnel from New York University. He joined the Army in the 1930s and served in the U.S. Army Air Corps during World War II. Geddes was a military history enthusiast and amassed a number of books on the subject. His papers contain personal materials from his career as an educator, soldier and military history collector.
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<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms008_geddes.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
bd23e512-7988-4066-a538-1cfe79076456
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Title
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Fragments From France
Alternative Title
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Part V
Subject
The topic of the resource
World War, 1914-1918
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1918
Relation
A related resource
MS008
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Bairnsfather, Bruce, 1887-1959
Description
An account of the resource
8.5 x 11", 42 pgs
Abstract
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Cartoons portraying Old Bill and his pals Bert and Alf in the British trenches of WWI.
PDF Search
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Text
Text extracted from PDF files belonging to this item.
I INTRODUCTION
AR carries with it an over-measure of sadness and misery of all kinds. It is, of course, not only the men on the fighting line who suffer from hardship and from wounds and who are ready to meet the h a1 sacrifice of life itself, but the circles of their home folks, the mothers, the sisters, the wives, the loved ones who, if all went right,
would become wives, whose anxieties for those on the fighting lines become themselves tragedies.
Any man who, without sacrifice of truth or concealment of perils and troubles which are too real to be made light of, can do something to give to the boys at the front and to the home folks in the rear some diversion from the sadness and the strain, who can make clear that, even in
the midst of trouble and on the edge of tragedy, man is in his nature capable of in his surroundings and in life itself the sense of humour which serves to lighten the cloud or sadness-such a man is a benefactor in the largest sense of the term.
Captain Bairnsfather has had long practical experience in the fighting line. He has been in the service from the beginning of the War, and for a large part of that time bas been actively engaged at the front. The early
breaks in his service in the field and in the trenches were caused by the necessity of retiring to hospital for the healing of honourable wounds. Bairnsfather is evidently a man of such elasticity of temperament that
no amount of fatigue, or hardship, or peril, or pain can quench the ebullition
1
of his spirit. With a charming vitality, an exuberant sense of humour; he possesses, fortunately for himself, for his comrades and for the world, the
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
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Cartoons
Propaganda
World War I
-
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Omeka Image File
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Width
1000
Height
1460
Bit Depth
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Title
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Bartlett Collection, MS054
Description
An account of the resource
A collection of deeds and miscellany handed down from the Pickett Family which owned land in Danbury, CT among other places. The collection also contains a letter that descibes the 1906 San Fransisco earthquake.
Contributor
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Litchfield Historical Society
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<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms054_bartlett.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
01570e8e-00cc-477c-9d9b-be99b67a2fcc
Document
A resource containing textual data. Note that facsimiles or images of texts are still of the genre text.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Seamour Pickit to Ebenezer Pickit
Subject
The topic of the resource
Land deeds
Colonial New England
Description
An account of the resource
10x12 paper deed
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
May 6, 1793
Relation
A related resource
MS054-1971-93-27
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
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