1
10
9
-
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Danbury Miscellanea Collection, MS 038
Description
An account of the resource
Comprised of maps, photographs and miscellanea collected by the University Archives since the 1980s.
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01447826-60b9-40a5-a3d4-58961fef4c38
Still Image
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Title
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Balmforth School, High School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Balmforth School
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Class photograph of students from the High School of the Balmforth School outside of the building
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1884
Description
An account of the resource
4 x 6", black and white photograph on cardboard mounting
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
9d073a74-4945-4695-a4bd-57e9c5e832a4
Education
Laboratory schools
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Herb_Janick_Papers_MS012/5793/ms012_09_07a_Goodman.mp3
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Herb Janick Papers, MS012
Description
An account of the resource
The Herbert F. Janick, Jr. Papers spans the years 1889-2002 and consists mainly of Janick’s research for his book on the centennial history of Western Connecticut State University.
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Janick, Herb
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UUID
f32271cc-b16e-4921-8776-db43f2dc8a6f
Oral History
A resource containing historical information obtained in interviews with persons having firsthand knowledge.
Time Summary
A summary of an interview given for different time stamps throughout the interview
Tape 1
00-10mins:
Coming to Danbury 1946; After serving in the Army; Family owned a hat factory in Fall River and Danbury; Danbury provincial; wouldn’t sell houses to Jews; denied membership; only allowed 7 Jews in the Ridgewood Country Club; Madame Chiang Kai-shek not a WASP unable to purchase property at Candlewood. Bill Goodman filled in for Rabbi Malino at an event; anti-semitism; Mina Geddes; Tom Keating; No women on the board of education; June Goodman was very anxious to become a member; June Strother was very active with the Democratic National Committee; John Bailey; State Board of Education; John Divine; Cyril Penny; Democratic Party; Town Counsel; Land proceedings for Candlewood;
11-20mins:
Bridgeport; after Tom died Dave Goldstein sent Mrs. Keating a large sum of money; John Devine; John Previti; a good mayor; consolidation; in the 30s 10 million dozen hats manufactured that, point 85% of the employment in Danbury; Danbury is really the only one industry New England town that lost its industry but never suffered; Industries that came into the community required the to which of the train and jobs because will train are need; Location; Interesting documents to look at documents which I take a lot of pride in Planning and Zoning Planning Commission; chairman of the Planning Commission for the town and then head of the City Planning Commission for Danbury; Joe Sauer; Charlie Bardo; Don Taylor; Danbury made that conversion from hatting to high-tech; Interstate 84; by 1985 to 1990;
21-30 mins:
The population of Danbury would somewhere between 75-90,000 predicted in the 1950s; Road system; Planning Commission pretty unanimous; three Republicans and two Democrats; in the Planning Commission and they elected me chair; no politics in commission; Jimmy Dyer’s father; Jerome Malino with Rabbi was on the Board of Education one of the Republicans came into Charlie Ducibella's office; anti semitism; Steve Collins; William Remington; Alger Hiss; Joseph Louis Rauh; Collin Mcallister her were a communist I had been working for the Communist Party; Union Carbide resistance; Industrial Road resisted Developers; We didn't want to see the Center of Danbury developed;
31-40 mins:
Main Street; fairgrounds; Danbury is a microcosm of the world; all day we lost a lot of water; wetlands; filled in with concrete; Planning and Zoning group; a different mentality; Danbury could have said no to the mall; the city hall tremendous increase in tax base; Danbury Fair Grounds; condominiums on Route 6; FBI investigation; Jimmy Dyer; Late 60s Danbury Direction took a different turn; dared to challenge developers who came into us; big mistakes; Joe Nero; city council kept its zoning Powers but the town Planning Commission became the Planning Commission for the city; consolidation should have taken place earlier; June Goodman; Eagle Pencil; Burt Jackson; Elizabeth Chatman; husband agricultural agent; Congregational Church; Board of Education; Rabbi Malino; Clark Hall; Bill Ratchford
41-44:57 mins:
Bill's father; Liberal alliance again; Teachers; Building Schools; Don’t see today the kind of dedication; Liberal intellectuals dedicated to improving Danbury modernizing Danbury; I don't think there's anybody in the Republican party part that group;
Tape 2:
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Bill Goodman Interview
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Janick, Herbert F.--Interviewer
Description
An account of the resource
90 min; audio cassette
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1987-08-25
Subject
The topic of the resource
Goodman, William W. (Wolf), 1917-2010
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
6f934914-2a73-4aca-b0da-c8752ef64215
Education
Rabbi Jerome Malino
Racism
-
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Connecticut State University System Records, RG 1.CG.01
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812d84c4-263c-4590-ad97-0d0f3b9593a9
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Title
A name given to the resource
Budget Connecticut Can't Afford Bumper Sticker
Subject
The topic of the resource
Connecticut State University System
Description
An account of the resource
5 x 14"
Relation
A related resource
RB1 Box 2 Folder 39 CSUS public relations pamphlets
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Bumper sticker advocating against budget cuts in 2000 shows student interest in decisions by the board. The bumper sticker specifically shows a budget that both teachers and students were against.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
2000
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
8877b81b-e227-41fc-b727-ee86291b0d28
Education
-
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June Goodman Collection, MS009
Description
An account of the resource
The June Goodman Collection documents her local activism in the 1960s. She received a master's degree in education from WestConn in 1970. The collection focuses on Goodman's commitment to education, specifically her work with the Committee of 1,000 and its fight to improve and expand the Danbury school system in the 1960s. Much of the collection chronicles the bitter nature of the debate.
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Title
A name given to the resource
Flier for the Committee of 1000 ("COT"), Education Referendum for Danbury Town to City Consolidation
Description
An account of the resource
4.25, 5.5", 4.25x14", flier and booklet
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1963-09-24
Subject
The topic of the resource
Education--United States--Finance.
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
Promotional materials supporting the consolidation of the Town of Danbury and the City of Danbury.
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UUID
f4d67b46-62c6-4f51-a57b-9114f31ab92d
1960s
Education
Schools
-
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PDF Text
Text
HISTORYOF EDUCATION
IN RIDGEFIELD,CONNECTICUT
1723 - 186?
•
l
..)
Presented
by:
Andrea Sollecito
Research Seminar
Fall 1966 Semester
�Table of Contemts
Page
Illtroductio11
A SURVEYOF EDUCATION
IN CONNECTICUT
TO 1856 • • • • • • • • • • •
1
RIDGEFIELDSCHOOLSIN THE COLONIALPERIOD••••••••••••••
5
DevelopmeRt ~f Six One-Room Schools ...............
5
Managememt of the Schools••·······•···•••••·····••
9
Support of the Schools••••······••··•••···•·••·•••
13
Curriculum and Textbooks • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 16
RIDGEFI.!!iLD
SCHOOLSDURINGTHE REVOLUTIONARY
WAR••••••••
18
RIDGEFIELDSCHOOLSPOST REVOLUTIONARY
WARTO 1800 ••••••
Addition of Other Schools•····•·••··•••······•·••·
Management and Regulati@~s ••••·••••••••·••·•••••••
Support ~f the Sch0ols •••·•·•••••••·•••··•··••··••
Curriculum aDd Textbooks••••·•••••·•••··••·····•••
19
19
25
25
29
32
THE RIDGEFIELDSCHOOLS1800-1867 .......................
Gr©wth of the Scheol Districts•····•••··••······••
MaDagemeat of the Schools••··•••·•••••••·•·•••••••
Support of the Schools••••·••••·•••••••••·••••••••
Curriculum and Textbeoks ·••••••···••••••••··•·••••
Cane lusiem
Bibliography
21
22
24
38
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
0
�INTRODUCTION
The town of Ridgefield,
Imdia•s
It is b0rdered
soutk by Wilton,
from the
1708, is i• the south western
in September
Connecticut.
which was purchased
the east
on the north
part
by Danbury,
by New York State,
of
the
and the west
by Redding and Danbury.
The first
towD records
a town meeting
thereafter,
school
where various
according
the settlement
school
This short
seems to show the importance
public
fathers
school
of this
in 1723, a town
span of time betweea
placed
New England
was the foundation
ing school
system.
its
system to include
sch0ol
Shortly
of the town and the establishment
by the founding
first
roads were discussed.
to a towB meeting
was established.
are in 1?21 at
ef Ridgefield
Within
150 years
fourteen
of a
on education
town.
of a rapidly
Ridgefield
public
This
graw-
had expaaded
scheol
dis-
tricts.
This paper
is intended
education
in Ridgefield
expansion
in many Connecticut
to skow the develepment
as an example af educatienal
towAs.
of
�A SURVEY OF EDUCATION IN CONNECTICUTTO 1856
When the
Rot only
but
the
the
Puritan
colonies
it
beginning,
the
the
idea
began
support
the
tuition
families
schools
under
and writing
were under
education
of the
important.
permitted
from the
all,
~
ecticut,
In
class,
all.
but
in
The ability
to Puritan
thought.
their
inhabi-
parents
rather
of students
school master. 1
than
just
for
Thus
an elite,
in America and persisted
the
Indian,
required
towns
of 50
schools
and the
children
were
penalty
of a 20 shilling
fine.
were
required
supervision
subjects
of the
as well
as the
In May 172? Connecticut
1wilfred
Sheehan,
"History
Connecticut
Teacher,
XXXIV,(Jan.
2 Ibid.,
system.
to tax
and the
as 1650 Connecticut
to attend
1?00 reading
was basic
settlements
to establish
quired
in Englany·
upper
for
broughv
to American ideals.
as fundamental
As early
were
school
for
first
the
was a necessity
towns
of the
they
to that
for
The Bible
of education
with
New England
of a new educational
was primarily
or to charge
for
in
was contrary
beginnings
and understand
From the
tants
landed
that
education
to read
•
a religien
alse,
England
Puritans
colony.
colonists,
passed
re2 By
and the
3 The
was also
a law requiring
of State Aid to Education",
1967), p. 5.
P• 5.
3Bernard c. Steiner,
The History
of Education
(Washington,
Government Printing
Office,
in Conn1893), P• 30.
�2
masters
or mistresses
and to learn
in 1733,
to teach
the Christian
established
America. 2
the first
for
Connecticut
the support
until
of the
At this
schools
in the
were to be supported
from the
owned land which was west of Pennsylvania.
-
society
appointed
visitors
to the
teachers,
nine
learned
schools
biannual
America
toward
was also
the
p. 32.
2
p. 5.
3Ibid.,
4 steimer,
P•
In 1798 each
public
or
or dismiss
exercises
attention
to the need for
In 1825 Reverand
a series
of essays
in
the
T. H. Gallaudet
on the
subject
of
of Normal schools".?
1steiner,
Sheehan,
of Connecticut
to be overseers
marks and appoint
to call
published
the "importance
from a
This was the first
attempt
supervision
of schools. 6 Connecticut
of teachers.
of Hartford
was
visits.5
the first
education
laws of
in part
sale
4
the
society
and who were to approve
give honorary
on their
persons
of western
school
time a school
fund which was established
fund in
fund by using
3
schools.
no changes
1795.
and the
school
school
set up a permanent
There were basically
created
permanent
This money, which came from the sale
land in Connecticut,
interest
the Indians to read English
faith. 1 The General Assembly,
5.
p. 35.
5Ibid., p. 35 •
6 ~ssor
Noah Porter,
Jr.,
"The Necessity
and Means of
Improving the Common Schools of Connecticut",
in Journal of the
Rhode Island Institute
of Instruction,
ed. by Henfy Barnard,
(Providence,
C. Burnett Jr.,
184?), p. 310.
?Ibid.,
p. 311.
--
�3
Until
the 1830's
the "Common Schools
,..-
esteemed
the best
account
spot
first
for
Christendom.
and when)Connecticut,
-
the education
of every
_,./
a munificent
within
its
as to the highest,
1
as to the ribhest."
well
as well
The schools
the lack
in Coimecticut
of adequate
in Hartford
complained
1838 Governor
Ellsworth
He found that
parents
were not always
fied
state
...
to
to the poorest
as
supervision.
down due to
In 1830 teachers
in the
schools
began an investigation
took little
that
teachers
school
salaries
there
diversity
were ofteR
unfit
of school
for use and that
books,
age were out of scho01. 3 As a result
gation
an act was passed
schools.
The governor
to insure
and eight
county)
were made a board
schools.
4
The visitors
l
Porter,
2
p.
307.
steiner,
p. 37.
3Ibid.,
p. 37.
4--~;t]?id., P• 37.
~"'"""
...-=-•
better
of the
of this
scheol
that
houses
children
of
investi-
supervision
assistants
of commissioners
$14.50
board,
school
over 6,000
school
quali-
averaged
for women per month excluding
of the
(gne from each
for
societies
2
schools.
visitors
were poorly
for men and $5.75
was a great
and in
of the
interest,
the teachers
the
fund
limits
began running
of the decline
faithful,
and inefficient,
was the brightest
gave to the w0rld
providing
child
were
on
I
_
education,
Connecticut
example of a government
the humblest
•
IJ.,, \
in the world,
of her system of public
iR all
of Connecticut
"\.,/",
common
were to report
~
�4
te them and if
be certified
they
failed
to do so their
and would lose
Henry Barnard,
the national
their
share
educator
Common School Journal,
beard. 2 In 1839 Connecticut
schools
of the
and author
Connec.ticut
was the
school
called
of teachers
in Hartford
t~on was quickly
New Hampshire
a~d this
introduced
school
and required
visitor
teachers
principal
tendent
of this
county. 4
of the
secretary
the first
of a te~chers
Massachusetts,
of this
assembly
conven-
Vermont,
a superintendent
of public
member to be an acting
The first
by Henry Barnard
State
Normal School
of common schools. 6
state
in 1849. 5
college
Barnard
and was also
for
was
superin-
societies,
1795, were abelished
fwactions
appointed
each board
in his
was founded
The school
fund. 1
school
and New York. 3
In 1844 the board
schools
into
idea
would not
which had been established
in
by a legislative
act in 1856. 7 The
of ·the school
towns and a paid board
societies
of school
were transfered
visitors
to the
was established.
8
1steiner,
P• 37.
2 Ibid.,
p. 41.
3Porter,
p. 311.
4
stei1iler, P• 41.
5Ib.id.,
p. 42.
6 Ibi<l..!_, p. 42.
?May Hall James,The Educational
Histo
of Old
me
Comilecticut,
(New Haven, Yale URiversity
Press, 1939,
p.145.
8
1pi ...d!A p. 145.
Steiner,
p. 42.
�5
RIDGEFIELDSCHOOLSIN THE COLONIALPERIOD
of Six One-Roem Schools
Develepment
The first
of a school
in Ridgefield
on December 19, 1723.
The records
mentian
town meeting
meeting
state:
trusted
with the care
they voted
meetings
to build
and Daniel Olmstead are inof the school." 1 At this same assembly
a meeting
and the school
way well
school
house was built
it
was built
persons
to pay any tax or rate
they maiDtain
prior
school
to a meeting
"to exempt those
vided
This assumption
was probably
is based on a
repaired
for the entertainment
By 1740 anether
According
the school
and every
of the school."
house was in need of repair
that
the town
in the same building.
house be comfortably
fitted
the school
evidemt
Previeusly
0f December 22, 1726 in which it was voted
town meeting
"the
house.
were held
at the old town h0use.
that
of the
"James Benedict
Once the new meeting
kept
was at a
by 1726, it
ts this
seems
meeting.
was established
in the town.
held December 6, 1740 it was voted
who live
in the Bennetts
to the school
a school
Farm area
kept in the town pr0-
among themselves
for six
months a year." 2
1Records of the town of Ridgefield,
Dec. 19, 1723,
2iiidgefield
Since
Town Records,
Town Meeting -
Meeting Dec. 6, 1740.
�6
By March 1741 the people
were also
"they
year
given
permission
and use part
Copps Hill
to Bedini
dated
of their
a founder
Hill
later
that
this
to keep their
the people
scheol
previded
this
the scho©l.n 1
to support
in 1760.
However,
according
to a map
writer
assu.mes that
to as the Titicus
own school.
District
were also
It was voted
from paying
they keep their
Copps
and
in 1741.
of Ridgebury
of Ridgebury
provided
doctor_, _J.ohn Copp,
2 According
of Ridgefield.
was established
Ia 1742 the peeple
mission
estate
Vistrict,
theref0re
district
own school
six moBths of every
School was built
became referred
Copps Hill
a prominent
is in the Titicus
1867(p.26),
for
and settler
the Titicus
Copps Hill
school
was :a.amed after
who was also
around
to keep their
keep up a sufficient
...
living
given perto "exempt
any tax to the town
own school
for
six months
a year." 3
I1a 1744 "what was remaining
House" was sold. 4 ~his apparently
ferred
to in the town meeting
then kept
refer
of the Old School
was the
of 1726.
school
is based
to the
school
house re-
The town school
at the town house which had been built
This inference
1744,
and left
on the town records
which,
was
in 1723.
after
"a.t the town house."
1Ridgefield
Town Records, Town Meeting March 31,
2silve Bedini,Ridgefield
ia Review, (Ridgefield,
by the Hidgefield
250th Anniversary
Committee, 1958)
3Ridgefield
Town Records, Town Meeting December
4Ridgefield
Town Records, Town Meeting September
1741.
Pub.
P• 45.
16, 1742.
7, 1744.
�?
IA 1?50 the
century
roads
always
House
(this
is
a twentieth
the
- this
site
of ample width
these
spaces
the
at
cost
uRpainted
inside
and wa~_situat~d
stone
consisted
for
c0ats,
which
walls
was furnished
a stone
with
by four
found
that
the
the
1
Bedilid,
2
- am entry
log
foot
slab
feet,
flue.5
sch0ols
which
of this
left
fields.
3
was used
room proper
4 These
were
rain
un-
dangerous
La~e School
and students
period
farm
a honey
and a fire
the
plaster
surrounded
which
was "dug into
Teachers
with
as being
The West
caught
seminaries
was of
bemches.
11
0f
The building
school
penk:nives
narrowest
t0wn and
way,
as well
were
to the
nearby
gradually
about
through
belonged
r0ads
brown
encompassed
seats
a.:ad enterprising
little
grounds
splinters.
which
and the
stony
square
by uaeasy
fell
land
"the
on a w0oden frame
which
inevitable
chimney
the
on very
uncomfortable
six
the
of two rooms
due to the
crossing,
for
c1apboards
and a tweRty
doubtedly
because
the· towlll nothing.
rough,
It
the
and because
site
by squat
was ch~osen
was sufficient
of learniE.g"
thus
for
Red School
scheol house was of brow~ clapboards)
1
en West Lane was built.
The school house was located
on
cr©ss
name,
Little
had
comb
place
and snow which
probably
much to be
P• 298.
2 samuel G. G0Qdrich,
RecQllections
of a Lifetime,
(New York, Miller,
Orton & Mulligan,
1856) p. 31.
3Ibid. •.., p. 31.
4 Ibid.,
p.31.
5----Ibj.d.,
P• 33.
Volume
I,
�8
desired.
They were probably
extremely
warm in the
must have made
varying
ages,
Limestone
shall
school
be kept
Limestone
date
111
district.
school
there
were "six
Bennetts
and LimestoBe.
school
districts
sch©ol committee
select
a school
0f the
before
established
are mo ~ecords
this
before
the
in regards
to
this.
the remaining
men scheols
kept"
(Copps Hill),
These sch0ols
Colonial period,
in the tow• 2 - Town House,
Ridgebury,
were f©rmally
at a town meeting
charged
mention
to 1753 to substantiate
previous
Farm, Titicus
was the
of the town for
established
were usually
· By 1756, and through
there
of
"a woman school
and the lewer part
It was probably
However,
period
was VQted that
This is the first
men sche8ls
the Limestone
of the rooms
of numerous children,
opened in the Colonial
at LimestoBe
women schools.
size
and
difficult.
In 1753 it
summer.
because
The small
the instructioR
school.
the ensuing
summer.
exceedingly
The last
damp and cold in the winter
West Lane
established
as
December 14, 1767, and the
the members of each district
to
master.
1Ridgefield
Town Records,
Velu.me 1746-1797, p. 6.
2Ridgefield
Town Records,
VQl. 1746-1797, p. 58.
Tow• Meeting March 18, 1746,
Town Meeting
December 13, 1756,
�9
Managememt of the Schools
Accerding
to a C0nnecticut
towns with over
all
year
ordered
plied
and those
this
law passed
were ordered
the winter
to keep school
any number less
for half
law and,
than seventy were
a year. 1 Ridgefield
com-
i» 1726,
they
voted
by a majority
would be maintained
for half a year to the end of June. 2 To heat the school
during
cost
the
students
were required
complied
to supply
the weod,
of which would be made up by the town. 3 The man-
agement of the schools
was left
the above law. 4
with
The schaols
at this
to the towBs
time were referred
and womea schoo]s.
The men schools
taught
and were for the older
by a master,
women scheols
were kept
and were fer
the yotmger
ages are given,
the w~men schools
those
in 1700,
the towR school
from January
the
families
with
to keep school
with
that
seveRty
colony
atteRding
it
as long as they
to as men schools
were kept
in the winter,
studeBts.5
The
in the
summer, taught by mistresses,
children. 6 Though no specific
is probable
were between
men sch0ols
that
the children
attending
the ages of 5 and 6, and
were between?
and 15 years
old.?
1steiner,
P• 30.
2Ridgefield
Town Records, Town Meeting Dec. 22, 1726.
3Ibid.
4 steiner,
p. 30.
5Ridgefield
Towa Records, Meetings 1740 - 1760, passim.
6 Ibid.
7R~t
Middlekauff,
Ancients & Axioms:Secondar
Education in Ei teenth-Centu
New En land, New Haven, Yale
University
Press, 1 3, p.13.
�10
Since
the women schools
the men schools
apened
for
received
were evidently
six months a year.
home instruction
scheols
at Bennetts
were established
schaols
are not mentioned
established
first
The younger
children
from their
them school
women schools
for
20 t© September
voted
and were
probably
When the
and Ridgebury
to keep their
was a provision
the
rights. 1 In 1746 two
months in the
In April
summer -
of 1749 the town
to keep tws women schools for the
town support of them. 3 The men schools
sum.D;1erand approved
were thus
five
20. 2
1746,
this
town made when granting
members again
Raad,
they were each required
opemed six months a year;
from April
mothers.
Farm, C0pps Hill
were kept
until
kept between
In December 1752,
Octeber
and March.
the town voted
to have a school
J.
master
teach
at another
closest
three
school
momths at the town house,
(probably
to t~e town sch0ol),
each school. 4 They also
be kept
Copps H~ll because
then three
voted
that
a
be kept
The fol~owing
year
at Limestone
they again
who were to be
put into
11
1Ridgefield
TowD Records,
March 31, 1741, Dec. 16, 1742.
2Ridgefield
Town Records,
3Ridgefield
Town Records,
4 Ridgefield
Town Records,
, • 5Ibid.
-
the
it was the
at
woman• s schoi-crl·· would
and paid
provided
months
months again
at each schoo~ when they were vacant,
woman school
tresses
three
three
schools
Town Meetings
and that
a
for by the town.5
school
mis-
the first
Dec.6,
of.
1740,
Town Meeting March 26, 1746.
Town Meeting April 17, 1749.
Town MeetiRg Dec. 19, 1752.
�11.
April
next
and continued
Tw0 men schools
three
were taught
months between
quired
through
the other
by the
each,
schools
the first
of October
same master
and in addition,
to keep masters
11
1
•
alternating
the town resix momths, begin-
ning in October. 2
This pattern
i~ the winter
of keeping
and the womeR schools
summer, and ef having
a mistress
colonial
the men schools
a master
period.
The people
An interesting
who sent
their
for five
for
for the youmger ones,
for
six months
months in the
the older
children
and
continued
through
exception
is Roted in 1755.
childrem
the
to the town house
school
were "desirious
teach
...
their
of having a master rather than mistress
te
3 The towns people were then informed
children."
that
they would have te pay the master
that
which was paid
willing
to pay this
interesting
for
extra
be a farmer,
traine&
than
a woman.
women teachers
that
salary
than
they were
This
felt
seems
that
at thi-s time a master
minister,
he was wortV
This feeling
is evident
They apparently
although
merchant,
teacher,amd
Whether
amount is not noted.
two reasons.
man was more qualified,
also
4
t0 the mistress.
a higher
about
etc.,
rather
of a higher
the value
a
could
than a
salary
of men and
evem in the 18OO's.
By 1756 the
six men schools
1Ridgefield
Town Records,
Town Meeting
Dec. 18, 1753.
~-
Town Records,
Town Meeting
Dec. 17, 1755.
Ridgefield
4 Ibid.
were kept
opened from
�12
October
students
to take
to April.
1 Each scheol
and the first
care
Sch0ol
had at least
twenty-five
Committee was established
of the management of the schools
"affairs
of the
scholars.
required
to have eighteen
112
By 1759 the schools
scholars
rather
than
a~d the
were each
twenty-five.
1Ridgefield
2 Ibid.
Town Recoras,
Town Meeting
Dec. 13, 1756.
3Rid;;;ield
Town Records,
Town Meeting
December 1759.
3
�13
Support
of the Schools
The sch0els
town since
until
the
the
of Ridgefield
l720's.
l740's
have been supported
There are,
which state
town contributed
teward
the
the
for
the
lings
the
school
schools
a cord,
The first
the
voted
.
of monies
scho01. 3 At this
hire
of sheep last
help
maintain
"county
the wood
of Ridgebury
collected
for
shall
6 pouRds on the
the support
Tow~
Town
3Ridgefield
Town
4
Ridgefield
Town
5Be di :ru.,
• p. 37 •
money from the
to
114
the
(The farmers
hired
good fertilizer
to handle
Records,
Records,
Records,
Records,
of their
be giveR as a bounty
they provided
a committee
the tow»
and 6 pence for
time it was "voted that
year
shil-
On December 16, 1742 the town
money given by the government
1Ridgefield
2Ridgefield
trea-
amount was in Janu-
This moBe~ was then used t0 support
They appointed
in its
to pay Mr. Grant,
the town school.
town sheep because
1
2
the
The
supplied
9 shillimgs,
22 pounds,
to give the people
soil.5
students
to a specific
reference
the town school.
thousand
school.
which was eighteen
was made up by the town. 1 •
teacher,
keeping
amount that
the
©f
records
amount,
ary 1742 when the tewn voted
school
n0
amount reserved
because
and this
specific
subsidy
town must -kav~ had a certain
sury for
however,
by the
this
for
the
the schools.)
money and the
to support
the school"
Town Meeting Dec. 22,
Town Meeting Jan. 4,
Tewn Meeting Dec. 16,
Town Meeting Dec. 24,
1726.
1742.
1742.
1742.
�14
and were
ance
ordered
·to distribute
this money for the maintentown school. 1 (C0uDty money was in the form of
of the
a tax
of 40 shillings
2 According
property.
was collected
sury
is
where
and the
that
the
rates
collector).
ally
collect
the
town list
...
to
collected
this
money
trea-
colonial
3 ) Thus at
this
time
supported
both
by the
were
on the
the
for
the
and 41 poumes,
1757,
The cause
of this
stated
in
property
a collector
1755 the
thousand
it
drop
the
of the
town
in
town voted
from
each
which
collected
3 shillings
and 2 pence
amount
c~llected
However,
since
was apparently
Town Records,
Town Meeting
James, The Educational
Histe
- 16
- 1
New Haven, Yale
, P• 58.
5Ridgefield
6 Ridgefield
7Ridgefield
58.
Town
Town
Town
Town
Records,
Records,
Records,
Records,
Town
Town
Entry
Towm
Meeting
Meeting
- March
Meeting
on
22
"amount
6 Sixtyn
were
there
annu-
persoR
and 4 p~nce
2 May Hall
3 Ibid.,
p.
4 Ridgefield
te
was the
1Ridgefield
Connecticut
Press,
1 3
of school
rates.
records.
value,
a type
town and scholar
the
town
sch~o1. 5 They collected
and 5 pence,
9 shillings
pounds,
based.on
to the
ratable
0f
1711,
man was apparently
support
in
full
€'this
6 pounds
11 shillings,
not
scheels
By December
pounds,
is
in
and sent
town appointed
4
tax
year
a law passed
pounds
colony.
and scholar
seven
thousand
was redistributed.
Ia 1754 the
•
to
by a constable
it
evident
o» every
for
1?58. 7
for
over
the
a year
tax
either
was
a
Dec. 24, 1742.
of Old
e
University
Dec.
Dec.
16,
Dec.
the
17, 1754.
17, 1755.
1756.
13, 1758.
�15
decrease
in property
values
in the town or the tax rate
was
changed.
In 1759 the towm changed
was supported
half
This is the first
dents.
the
school
reference
support
houses
supported
shall
period
by the town,
came from grants
tax,
to a direct
of the
The amounts apportioned
Thus in this
the hire
1Ridgefield
• 2Ridgefield
policy
by the town and half
This seems to be the last
regarding
"the
its
schools,
be kept
for
we see these
colony,
scholars.
charge
to the stu-
in the town records
except
that
they
say
by the tow:a. " 2-
are not stated.
public
schools
and the students.
and from the town's
being
The monies
property
aRd a tax on the scholars.
Town Records,
Town Records,
1
by the
in repair
the repairs
of the colony
of sheep,
entry
and the school
Town Meeting
Town Meeting
Dec. 14, 1758.
December 1760.
�16
Curriculum
and TextbQoks
The first
book to be used in New England
the Westminster
Catechism.
schools
This book contained
was
a summary
of principles,
usually Biblical,
reduced to the form of
and answer. 1 This universal
school book, which
question
was simply
taught
to child
and then
was held
in reverence
The Westminster
was first
and committed
that
in 1647. 3
The English
Tongue was first
catechism
until
1800's. 4
Dilworth,
colonies.
published
this
schools
in the
grammarian,
in the New England
only b~ The Bible. 2
The Westminster
in use in New England
Primer
to memory,
was equalled
Assembly formulated
by the New England
lar
by word or mouth from pare~t
studied
printed
remained
0~
first
Catechism
it was replaced
was was also
in England
in 1740,
iB New England,
and was used extensively
ecticut
till
5 Dilworth
arithmatic
book,
1800.
The Sckool-master's
Compendium of Arithmatic
but,
it
1
also
Assistant
both Practical
time for its
Hartford in 1785. 6
first
publishing
later
re-
in Conn-
published
an
- Being a
and Theoretical,
may not have beem used in the Connecticut
at yhis
popu-
A Guide to the English
printed
after
which
sch0ols
in America was in
1 George Emery Littlefield,
Early Schools and SchoolbGoks of New Eng:lald, (New York, Russell &Russell,
Inc.,
1965)~ p. 106.
Ibid.,
p. 109.
3 ~~,
p. 109.
4 Goodrich, p. 164.
.....
5Littlefield,
p.126.
6 Ibid.,
P• 173.
'
-
�17
Reading aRd writing
were the required
period. 1 Reading was especially
important
because
necessary
The use of E~glish
books
for
to read
seems to indicate
"American"
the
everyone
grammarian,
The materials
as the
religious
objectives
catechism
aad the
teaching
there
since
were based
speller
p. 30.
both
amd the
was not
were
on the
in this
it
Bible
was
a distinct
taken
English
by Dilworth
seems to have been
of educatioR.
1stei:ner,
Dilworth,
used
Bible.
as yet
grammar or spelliBg
English
chism.
that
the
subjects
from
cate- such
- so that
one of the
primary
�18
RIDGEFIELDSCHOOLSDURINGTHE REVOLUTIONARY
WAR
Since
this
there
period,
were built,
were kept
it
those
are no school
is assumed that,
that
in 0peratio».
records
available
during
though n@ new
scho@ls
had previously
been established
�19
THE RIDGEFIELD SCHOOLS
POST REVOLUTIONARY
WARTO 1800
Addition
of Other
Schools
ID. 1?84 the town set up the Scotland
It
prQbably
received
its
name from the
School
fact
district.
that
it
was
t~ "run
ling
Northerly
on the east side of Gideon Scotts
dwelheuse. 111 The sCh$0l was lecated
at the intersectioB
@f North
Trail,
Salem Road and the
a•d was taught
northern
by David
Main Street
town houseJ. 3
0n
(probably
provision
that
school
the
town with
the
house
for meetin.gs"
seating"
the
The town supported
the
vest
School
replacing
scho©l with
and that
at tGwn meetings. 4
feet
House was built
school
be made
This
by thirty
clapboards.
5 There was a writing
continuous
line
kept
proprietors
priviledge
it
at the
of usi~g
the
conviene:mt
sche0l
desk in front
whi~h ran against
house
and
of a
the wall;
Town Meeting
Dec.
Town Meeting
April
scheol
for
11
one-room
this
0f
of the
amd had a w0oden frame
1Ridgefield
Town Records,
2 Be di m,• p. 300 .
3Ridgefield
Town Records,
4
Ibid.
5Goodrich,
p.139.
2
the c0astructi0n
"the
was twenty
of seats
to Tackora
and Samuel Scott.
1786 the ImdependeDt
In April
entrance
14,
10,
and
1?84.
1?86.
�20
beneath
the seats
there was a place
1 The older students
materials.
were
and the
younger
was taught
ones were in the
by Samuel
Tae 5th School
Stebbins
District,
by this
time.
school
are ..in
October
state
master
the
year
of this
the
school
at the
2
middle.
about
which
was established
district
for
to put
books
and writing
emd of the
This
thirty
desk
school
3
years.
was West Mountaim,
The first
records
1798; however,
began. 4 Mz'. Gl~rt
of this
they
Gregory
do not
was the
schoQl.5
•
1 Goodrich,
p. 140.
2 Ibid.,
p. 140.
3Bedimi, p.291.
4
Recerd Book of the 5th School District,
EDtry Octaber
1798 (first
entry),
im collection
of Ridgefield
Historical
Society.
5Ibid.,
October
1798.
�21
MaaagemeBt and Regulations
As previously
mentioned,
societies
in 1798.
the
passed
state
common sch0ol
fer
teachers
in the
entrance
BO
within
school
taught
room school
a class
the completion
coatrolling
room.
1
qualifications
the mumber or ages
are evideDt
2
The pupils
varying
ages,
aRd certainly
hinderance
as well
years
in the class.
plus
by Mr. Lewis Olmstead
manure in the
were as old as twenty
instructors,
the large
as through
i:a this
Qll!l.e-
there
3 This lack of adequately
number of students
capabilities,
ia the
summer and
and sometimes
probably
educational
Gut the state.
1Recoras 0f the State of Connecticut
October 1
, Hartford,
published
by the
p. 347.
2 Goodrich, p.33.
3Ibid., P• 33.
----
of a
sch0ols.
These faults
was taught
im the wiRter."
traimed
Ridgefield,
societies,
system of Ridgefield.
were as ma:oy as forty
t0 be a great
to these
regarding
mowed, and carted
school
school
int© the higher
prGvisions
The West Lane school
"who plowed,
established
By 1799, ia addition
0r regulations
of students
state
a law which required
for
There were still
the
ef
proved
system of
�22
Support
Qf the Schools
The first
mention
is in 1794.
In a petition
of Ridgefield
dent School
signers
of salaries
requested
t0 Samuel Stebbins,
six months during
petition
each effered
thus
the people
to pay him $1.00
of a year with the exceptiGn
of a child. 2 There were twenty-five
petition,
period
at the Indepenthe summer. 1 The
each quarter
death
in this
him te keep sch0ol
Heuse for
of this
for masters
establishing
of sickness
signers
the am0unt of $50.00
or
of this
for
six
months.
1798, Mr. Clark
I•
•
tain
school,
the
scholars
was given
Gregory,
$9.00
were allowed
master
a month for his
four
cents
house
mills
on the dollar
and required
October
1799 the
m~ney for
its
for
established
the repairs
to apply half
of its
codified
its
previous
and gave the towns the pewer t@ tax $2.00
property
a tax
public
of the schools.5
In May 1799 the state
of assessed
and
of the school
payment by December 25th. 4 Im
town voted
the benefit
services
a load of wo0d. 3
for
In November 1798 the West Lane School
of five
of the West MoWil.-
value. 6
1Petitioa
to Samuel
Ridgefield,
May 1794, in
c0llectiom..
2 Ibid.
3~~ds
of the 5th
4 Records of the 7th
in Ridgefield
Historical
5~bid._, October 24,
6 steiner,
p. 36.
The state
laws
en each $1,000.00
gave aid in the
Stebbims from the Illhabitamts
Ridgefield
Historical
Society
of
School District,
October 1798.
School District,
N0vember 1, 1798,
Society collection.
1799.
�23
form @fa
the
sale
scha@l fund which had been set
of Connecticut
During this
town,
state,
1sheehaa,
Steiaer,
period
owned land west of Pennsylvania.ll
the schools
and by the scholars.
p. 5;
p. 35.
up in 1798 from
were supp0rted
by the
�24
Curriculum
and Textbeeks
In 1783 Webster
aR
American
published
author.
This book,
was called
A Grammatical
comprising
an easy,
tion,
designed
V0lume II,
III,
the first
for
published
Institute
concise,
spelling
in Hartford,
of the Englisa
Language,
aBd systematic
method of educaschools in America. 1
the use of English
in 1784, was a grammar book and Volume
published
in 1785, was a compilation
published
book by
Another
bGok, which is part
S0ciety
collection,
of the Ridgefield
was entitled
and Verse by Miss Edwards.
for
Historical
Miscellanies
This book,
readilllg. 2
I~ Prose
published
im Edin-
burgh in 1776, may have been used in the Ridgefield
In 1799 the
•
It required
reading,
tion,
that
peBIIlanship,
suggested
that
and Greek.
readiag
echism,
instituted
"letters,
arithmatic
daily
state
Religiem.,
rudiments
and geography"
those
Aside
who wanted
requirements.
Morals
and Manners
grammar, composite be taught. 3 It was also
to could
the
also
state
weekly instruction
led by the master,
teach
3~-rds
of the State
Ibid.,
p. 348.
,...--- ____
_
of Connecticut,
a
in some cat-
te conclude
1 Littlefield,
p. 129.
2
Ibid.,
P• 129.
4
Latin
required
day. 4
school
...
of English
from the academic,
of the Bible,
and prayers,
curriculum
schools.
p. 347.
the
�25
THE RIDGEFIELD SCHOOLS1800-1867
GrQwth of the School
The other
and Whipstick
dates
school
Districts
districts
- were in existence
of establishment
ti$med
in the meeting
The Farmingville
in aey
Qf
- Flat
the records
However, according
of the Scheel
or papers
tricts
- North aBd South Ridgebury.
the Bell
exact
they are menin 1808. 1
was divided
writer
has read.
they were estabimt~ two dis-
North Ridgebury
was
because the school house
in the town. 2 Therefore,
by 1850 the
had the only bell
town was divided
The sch0ol
Ridgebury
Their
are not mentiomed
and Rockwell
before
called
Visitors
which this
lished
also
but,
districts
to Bedini
1850.
by 1808.
are mot stated,
and Florida
Rock, Branchville,
into
District
fourteen
districts,
schoel
as i~dicated
districts.
3
by Beers Atlas
of 1867 were:
1- Scotland
2- Bennett's
Farms
3- Limestone
4- Titicus
5- West Mountain
6- Town Sch0ol
7- West Lane
8- Whipstick
9- Flat Rock
10- Bral'tlchville
11- Flerida
12- Farmingville
l~- Nortk Ridgebury
15- South Ridgebury
1Records of a Meeting of Schoel Visitors,
Ridgefield
Historical
Society collecti©n.
2George L. Rockwell, History of Ridgefield
(Ridgefield,
Co.I!ln., 1927) p. 373.
3'Rockwell, p. 372;
Bedini, p. 301.
1808, in
2 CeE.necticut,
�---
...
NORTH
RIDGEBURY
,...--
#15
--
----
MAPOF RIDGEFIELD
SCHOOLDISTRICTS- 1~67,,'
-- -'
---
SOUTH
f
-·
I
I
RIDGEBURY
I
I
#14
I BENNETTS
FA.RM
#2
----......
J
SCOTLAND
#1-
I
'
I
...,
'
WEST
MOUNTAIN
•
'
' ' '~
JI
.......
,
~---- -----
#5
i
1
,
TITICUS
L
I
...
,,,./
-,~
--.............
..
---
~INGVILLE
'
CENTE
"TOWN~
WEST
'
LA.NE
#?(
'
,,.,,,.1I
t
IPSTICK
I~
I
\
I
/ FifAT
,'
/'
/
ROCK
#9
#8
'' , ,
t
BRANCHVILLE
#10
�27
The thirteenth
Scotland
District.
dispute
school
school
with
district
The Howe aRd Hunt families,
the Scot family
and the curriculum
to be taught,
1
into
of the original
From an old accowat
the Whipstick
This district
when it
2
District.
Scotland
by school
Scotland
- 52
is the following
districts
in 1849. 3
Flat
enumeration
Branchville
Limestene
- 22
Florida
- 73
Town School
- 38
- 26
Farmingville
- 48
Whipstick
- 29
- 52
North Ridgebury
- 76
of the
Rock - 35
Farms - 13
West Mountain
became part
book kept by Matthew Seymour of
Beil.Llett's
Titicus
from them
operated,
again
District
children
of a new
separated
the 1850's,
0f the
who had a
over the building
and set up the 13th district.
uBofficially,
was a division
- 38
West La.me - 40
There was a total
~ote the large
Scotland
are today,
of 542 students.
number of students
and West M$untain,
and farther
1Bedimi., p. 300.
2 Ibid.,
p. 301.
3--Rockwell,
p. 3?4.
It is interesting
in districts
such as
which were more rural,
away from the cemter
to
as they
of the town.
�28
Private
Schools
In the 1800 1 s several
in Ridgefield.
preparatory
who primarily
..
private
City. 4
school
of the 19th century
Stephens
boarding
school
T@ver• in the 1850's
at East
1 Goodrich,
2
for
girls
aad later,
P• 150.
P• 150.
3Bedini, p. 302.
4 B e d· 1.llll. , p. .,;1
A02•
0
•
p. 302
p. 302.
A02•
p. .,;1
and most of
ceach. 5 Dr. David Short,
Church,
had a school
was kept
amether
a
from New York
school
Ridge by the Misses
~.J,
5Bedini,
6Bedini,
7B e d.1JU.,•
Lee Edmond established
preparatory
Episcopal
1845. 6
home after
was kept
by the Honorable
for boys who were primarily
came by stage
students
the High Ridge
as a boys schoel
It was a college
students
A
was composed of six
and The Bible. 2
Seymour. 3 Professor
o.
his
Latin
was operated
William
of St.
iacome,
studied
In the middle
the
were maintained
GooQrich kept a private
college
in his home. 1 This school, begun to
the family
Institute
schools
Reverand
school
supplement
private
pastor
for boys in
at the Keeler
schoel
Vinton. 7
for
girls
�29
Manageme~t of the Schools
The town appointed
bers,
to visit
school
the
masters.
?th;
schools
Keeler
E. Jones
who were town mem-
periodically
Im 1808 they voted
Mead and William
districts;
School Visit0rs,
visit
and t0 appoint
that
the 1st,
and Thaddeus
Joshua
4th,
Olmstead
James Wat- and J. Nash visit
Kimg, Jonah
5th,
visit
and 10th
the 6th and
the 8th and 9th;
that
Ezra Smith and Samuel Resseguie visit
3rd. 1 They appointed
teachers
for all the
and
the 2nd and
districts
except
the 10th,
of which they said they would later
"examine
and approve a master." 2 They appointed
the following
school
masters:
HeBry Pickett,
•
Morris
Hull,
Samuel Resseguie,
Nathan Olmstead,
and Nich0las
iag t@ Rote that
the school
the masters,
Resseguie
were alse
school
and Ezra Smith)
The following
David Edwards,
Ezra Smith, Hezukiah Scott,
Olmstead. 3 It seems interest-
visitors,
masters
or relatives
(as with Nathan and Nicholas
master,
Abul Pulling,
who were to appoint
(as with
of those
Samuel
appointed
Olmstead).
is a letter
to Samuel Resseguie,
4
from Jolul Tawnsend of Eastchester.
school-
"Sir James (FG>lyn) informed me that he was
to caul at the churches respecting
a school
for y0u, and when he came there they had
1Meetimg of the School Visitors,
1808.
2 Ibid.
3Ib3;d.
4 Letter to Samuel Resseguie,
schoolmaster,
from
J~lm Townsend of Eastchester,
April 17, 1810, in Riggefield Historical
Society collection.
�30
engaged their fermer teacher.
We are im
waBt of a teacher in this place and if you
thought it worth your while to come down by
the stage or aJiiY other convenence
that may
offer in a short time I should be pleased
and if not send an a~swer by the (board)
as it is not likely
that we shall make any
agreement before we see (word indecipherable)."
This
noted
letter
seems ts iDdicate
mas~er and that
of Ridgefield.
the matter
It
also
was treated.
qualifications,
his
length
that
services
Mr. Resseguie
were sought
shows the informality
The letter
of the position
lacks
was a
outside
with which
any mention
or the
of
salary
ef-
fered.
The follewing
is a letter
Ezra Mead of the iiticus
to Samuel Resseguie
1
District.
from
;rfheInhabitants
bel0nging
to the 4th Schoel
District
im this town have this evening held
a school meeting and have voted to have a
school kept the ensuing winter.
The meeting
was large aw usual,
and the unanimous voice
of the people present was to employ you as
the instructor
provided you will take charge
of the school.
I am particularly
instructed
to make known to
you ~he wishes of the people composing the
district
and request you to send am answer
togather
wit~ your lowest terms (if you will
teach the school) so that I ... (word indecipherable)
... the same before the meeting
is adjourned Wednesday next week.
As you have had a:n opportunity
of knowing
the minds of the people iB the District
respecting
the price they are williBg to
pay their instructors
per momth I presume
you will be as favorable
as possible
in
your demands.
1 Letter to Samuel Resseguie from Ezra Mead of Ridgefield
of t·ering a posi tio:ra in the 4th School District,
October 14,
1811, in Ridgefield
Historical
Society collection.
�31
P.S.
Should you coaclude to teach the school,
you are desired also to inform whe~ you will
be ready to ope:m.the same."
This
letter
indicates
commamd a high
lemgth
of the
that
salary,
the position
that
school
ta teach,
appointed
by the iab.abitants
by the Scheel
in Ridgefield
district
teack
a~d that,
Visitors,
The first
in this
case,
At a meeting
they agreed
district
umless
examined by men appointea
pose aDd has received
upon when the master
of aDY qualification
(West Mountain)
previously
and
the master
rather
was
than
as iR 1808.
mention
in this
did not
the begi:rming
of the district
was in 1813.
school
in Ridgefield
term depended
was ready
of teacher
a certificate
for
teachers
of the 5th school
the.t
"no teacher
shall
he or she had been
by law for that
from them that
purhe or
she has the necessary
qualifications
to keep a c0mmon
English schoel. 111 In. 1818, according to state law, towns
were required
cations
to appoint
of instruct0rs.
tions
are stated,
state
in this
it
aspect
committees
2
to check the qualifi-
Though no specific
seems that
Ridgefield
of educational
qualificapreceeded
the
pelicy.
!Records of the 5th Sch~ol District,
meeting October 1813.
2Benjamin Trumbull, History of Connecticut,Velume
II,
(New London, H.D. Utley, 1898) p. 466.
�32
Support
ef the Schools
By 1800, according
the schoels
sale
to Reveraad
were maiataiaed
of land in Litchfield
priated
to the schools;
Tea; by a town preperty
Goodrich
of Ridgefield,
by money received
fram the
County by the state
an excise
tax;
duty laid
money received
and appro-
en Rum and
from the sale
of westerD
laRds in the town; and im case of deficiency,
a
tax was placed en the scholars. 1 The money received from
the sale
of land in Litchfield
Cowaty set up a scheol
fund
of $1,200,000.00,
support
the imterest
of which would be used for
of c0mmon schools. 2 After 1820, this money was
divided
according
to the number of childrea
ages of four and fourteen in the towns. 3
In 1806, Nathaa Olmstead,
f'
for the ?th school
district,
between the
who was appointed
received
teacher
$10 a montA salary,
aRd the fellowing
summer Marilla Keeler received
summer school. 4 By 1815 her salary
$1 a week
f@r teaching
had risen
t~ $1.375 per week.
and the salaries
school
district
The follewing
they received
is a list
while
teachimg
of teachers
im the ?th
(West Lane).5
1naniel w. Teller,
Histefa ef Ridgefield,
Cennectiout,
(Daabury, T. DoBevan Co., 18 8) p. 154.
2 James, p. 115.
3 Ibid.,
P• 115.
4Re~;rds of the ?th School District,
Meetings Oct0ber
24, 1806 and April 14, 180?.
5The table is derived from the records of the ?th
Scheol District,
where, at various meetings during the
years indicated,
they discussed the salaries
for their
teachers.
�33
Natham. Olmstead
$10.00
180?*
Marilla
$1.00 per week
1814
Daniel
1815*
Marilla·Keeler
$1.3?5
1816*
:Damiel NorthrCl>p
$10.00 per month
1816
Dardel
Northrop
181?*
Marilla
Keeler
1818
Samuel Keeler
$15.00 per month
1830*
Thomas Olmstead
$12.00
1831
---:-- Smith
$10.00 per month
1836
Jagob T. Havilamd
$15.00
1842*
Jane Flyllll
$2.12 per week
1849
James Seymeur
$13.50 per month
1851
Caroline
$9.00 per momth
This partial
higher
table
Keeler
NorthrCDp
higher
$12.00
Keeler
salaries
te show that
iA 1849.
than those
stable
On the state
foWld for this
per moDth
per 110nth
men received
of wiBter
schools
for summer school;
and
$5.00 fr0m 1806 to 1818,
wages were between $15.00
at that
of Ridgefield.
peri~d
per month
threugb. 1836, aRd then drepped
level
and $18.00 a month which,
than those
masters
increased
relatively
per week
$1.50 per week
is intended
men's salaries
remained
higher
$10.00 per month
wages than womea; that
received
that
per month
1806
were tkose
time,
was considerably
1 The o~ly Qther records
©f the 5th Scheol District
1n. Hamiltan Hurd, History ef Fairfield
delphia,
J.W. Lewis & Co., 1881) p. 6?6.
• • - Indicates
Summer Sch0ol
Count:y, (Phila-
�34
(West Mountain).
similar
tion,
The teachers
salaries.
it
within
these
down ef the budget
trict
is not stated.
for that
Wages
$60.00
.50
For CQllectim.g
2.00
62.50
l?ublic Money
40.80
Now Due
21.70
Chair
and Breom
Total
AmoUJlt Needed
with this
specific
in the budget.
received
of thirty
table
This seems to be evide~ce
being used.
is assumed,
it was betweeB 1800 and 1810.
peeple
of the
This school
money.
whick follows
of the Whipstick
it
students
for each to make up the
mGney in the form 0f public
Sch00l Rate list
of twenty-five
$22.95
which was still
The partial
date is give~,
1.25
budget was a list
amounts charged
tax on scholars
also
prevailed
for 1810 shewing the
year. 1 The scho0l dis-
(T) Powder
deficit
salaries
informa-
is a School List
break
with
received
the town.
The following
Included
district
Because of the lack of further
can anly be assumed that
throughout
this
was takem from a
2 Th0ugh no
District.
from the mames listed,
The table
that
was composed
and showed the tax that
was charged
1sche0l List for the Summer of 1810, paper in Ridgefield
Historical
Society collection.
2school Rate for the 8th Schoel District,
paper in
Ridgefi~ld
Historical
Society collection.
�35
for their
children
who attended
celumn represents
school,
the second is the total
fourth
school.
the number of days their
is the amowa.t of credit
third
this
is the balance
amount
0f
The first
child.re•
attended
tax charged,
the
for woed, aBd the
received
due.
$ .53
Samuel Stebbins
221
$2.99
$2.46
Amos Smith
493
6.66
3.30
Philip
110
1.48
Timethy Keeler
101
1.37
.96
.41
Thomas Rockwell
311
4.20
1.64
2.56
Bradley
The tetal
cost
tracting
due was $46.43.
divided
wood.
into
alse
There was an additi<ui.al
wages,
had a deficit
placing
during
im the budget
amount alloted
was an additioaal
column which was
that
this
to heat
were
sch0ol
aAd supplimented
The students
of
it
brought
the school
by
wood
aBd the
for their
tax.
at $2.50 to $3.00 for evecy cerd that
and ready for fire.
When repairs
balance
and no figures
for it was used as credit
The wood was valued
was "cut
scholars.
the winter
sub-
schQol money aRd cost
It is evident
a tax om the
to school
trict.
ink bottle,
for these.
amd, after
for wood, the total
However, the page was rippe~
available
1.48
for 25 people was $56.39,
the amount alloted
3.36
111
were needed for the school
tax placed
At a meeting
houses
there
on the members of the dis-
of the 7th School District
1Records of the ?th School District,
amd October 24, 1806.
Octeber
they voted
11, 1803
�36
a tax ef ome cent•~
the purpese
ef repairing
of the established
tax fGr
the school h0use. 1 I• 1845 there
was another
tax ef three
cents
list
for the repairs
the dollar
per dollar
of the school. 2
In 1811 the people
te build
this
master
of the 5th Scheol District
a schGel house.
time,
on the 1844 scheel
Though a scheol
it was probably
voted
had existed
before
held at the home of the school
or one of the district's
inhabitaats.
The school
house was to be 22 feet long, 16 feet wide and to have
9 foot posts. 3 The district
levied a tax of three cents
per dollar
aad collected
4
pine and oak structure.
$40.64,
defray
taia
$151.456
school
of building
district
on a dollar,
and fiJlishing
from New York State
to the West Lane School.
state
mills
to
the West MQUD.-
h@use.5
Some people
for October
of this
Again in 1813, they C$llected
based e~ a tax 0f eight
the c0sts
fer the buildiag
1816 state
sent their
The records
"those
persons
of this
be all~wed
they pay to the schaol
1Records of the
2 Ibid .., Meeting
3R~;--~ds of the
13, 1811.
4 Ibid.
r-·~-,
5I~id.,
Meeting
the beBefit
committee
district
who belong
of New York and are sent to school
shall
chil<iren
in this
ef public
ia the
school
scheol
if
the money they receive
?ta School District,
Meeting April
January 13, 1845.
5th School District,
MeetiBg December
November 5, 1813.
28, 1824.
�3?
frG>mNew York f0r
of the
district
the purpose
were evidently
the above statememt.
of South Salem,
of schooling.
very
strict
Im 1822 they barred
New York from attending
he had not paid his
scheel
tax for
111 The members
in observing
AaroB Nerthrup
school
because
the previous
winter.
1Rec$rds of the ?tA Schoel District,
15, 1816.
2 Ibid.,
MeetingMarch 20, 1822.
----
Meeti~g
2
October
�38
& Textbooks
Curriculum
In Ridgefield,
mornng
matic
the schcol
d$y begaR at 9:00 in the
and coBsisted primarily
and spelling. 1 Spelling,
day, was mew taught
matic was taught
sures.
Writing
of certain
Daughter
that
of liberty"
a drill
Such phrases
were written
in religious
Ridgefield.
interesting
by Merris
a continuous
principles
mea-
repetition
as "Pure Religion,
loss
can.'t
that
be than
times. 4 These
als0 were
and American ideals.
t0
a defillitiom
•ate
Hull,
of grammar
one of the teachers
"Grammar is the art
by word with prepriety
the true
3 This
amd currency.
twenty-five
concepts
He says that
thoughts
Arith-
which was adapted
Dot 0Bly improved peJD.ID.anshipbut,
which was writtea
t0 teack
through
of Heavemtt and "A greater
It is als0
cating
weight
at every
which was based on English
was taught
phrases.
Fair
exercises
of length,
arith-
beok. 2
spelling
from a book by Daboll,
Dilworth's
writiag,
which was drilled
from Webster's
to Americam measures
beok replaced
of reading,
and idi0ms
in
of communi-
and dispatch•••
of the English
language ..115
LGoodrich, P• 141.
2 Ibid. , p. 143 •
3 Ibid.,
p. 143.
4 Diary #2 of A1ma Resseguie,
begimning in March 1834, iD
Ridgefield
Historical
Society Collection.
This excerpt is from
part of aa undated writing book which was in the diary.
5Meetin.g of the School Visitors,
1808. This definitioa
was writteB at the bottom of the mimutes of the meeting and
was signed by Morris Hull.
�39
Ia addition
lecturers
there
to classroom
activities
the town also hired
In November 1833
from out of town and state.
were two lectures
given by Reverand Fletcher of
1 Miss Resseguie,
on the subject of individuality.
Bridgeport
whg atteRded
oae of these
"not remarkably
pleased"
lectures,
with it.
Richmond from Springfield,
~ot givea)
and on January
Sir Walter
Scott. 2
notes
for the final
was a particular
examinations
The following
were published
in the 1830's,
History
list
Peter Parley's
The First
Emmerson's Spelli•g
Wercester's
Emerson's
except
where noted,
Schools. 4
by Rev. Goodrich,
by Peter
Parley
aRd which
in Cambridge
Hartford,
1823
1835
- 1849
Book
Reading Beoks - 3 books for different
Arithmatic
day".'
books which
Geograph.y f0r Children - Hartford
Beek of Histop;
em
school.
of school
by Samuel Webber, 1808, priBted
ef the United States,
lectured
topic
day in March set aside
may have been used in the Ridgefield
Mathematics
(tke
to as "examination
for the winter
is a partial
1834 Mr.
lectured
1834 Mr. Purvis
The 24tla of March was referred
This apparently
she was
On February
Massachusetts
8,
that
- in three
grade levels
parts
1Diary #1 of Anlila Resseguie, Entry Nevember 1833.
2 Ibid.,
entries
JaBuary and February 1834.
3I~.,
e»try March 23, 196?
4 Most of these books are part of the Ridgefield
Historical
SQciety collection
of old school books; the others were listed
on the back cover of one of the books.
�40
Railey's
First
Webb's Little
Lessons
S0ngster
Webb's Co.mmeaSchool
Lady's
VGcal Class
Elements
- for elementary
Book - for families
from this
expaBded their
Riagefield
list,
curriculum
geography,
science,
had a library
- mailll.y because
mentioned
it
line
is probable
upon line,
a little
birch
is doubtful
mathematics,
Whether 0r not
to this
that
budgets,
the town schools
or in the school
and precept
constituted
1 Goe<irich, p. 144.
"repetition,
upon precept,
the entire
in
records,
the school houses
too small to accom.madate a library.
im Ridgefield
extend is
no money was allecated
of books and because
that
schools
had probably
higher
curriculum
However, it
were probably
schools
1821, Philadelphia
and music.
not certai•.
for the purchase
in primary
and higher
some scheols
to include
had expanded its
the previously
singing
- song book for advaRced learners
of Pb..ysiolog.y, by Richerand,
As is evident
history,
in Algebra
Thus
drilling,
with here and there
system" of education. 1
�41
CONCLUSION
By 186? the
®ne room school,
teen
individual
of education
expansion.
field
Ridgefield
sche0l
kept
in the town house,
districts
and school
in Ridgefield
The education
can easily
through
to one with
houses.
be seen through
principle
the need to understand
four-
The importance
system which developea
was based on the fuadamental
for all
system had grown from a
this
in Ridge-
of education
the English
langu.....
: -~'•t
~ ~
age.
lic
This has given rise
educatioB.
to our present
systems
of pub-
••,~ ...-.: ~ ...
~'f•
\
�BIBLIOGRAHiY
Books
l.
Bedini, Silvo, Ridgefield
In Review, Riagefield,
Ridgefield
250th ADlliversary Committee, 1958, pp. 3?, 38, 45, 291,
298, 300-- 302.
2.
Geodrieh, s.G., Recollectio•s
~fa Lifetime,
New York,
Miller, Ortoa & Mulligam, 1856, pp. 30-40,138-14?,
147-164.
Hurd, D. Hamiltoa,
delphia,
4.
Hist0q
of Fairfield
~owaty,
J.W. Lewis & Company, 1881, p. ?6.
James-, May Hall, The Educational
Histo
Connecticut,
New Havea, Yale University
pp. 58, 115, 145.
Phila-
ef Old
me,
Press, 1 3,
Littlefield,
Gee~ge Emer.y, Early Sckools a~d Schoolbeeks
et New Englama, New York, Russell & Russell,
lac.,
1965, PP• 105-109, 126, 129, 173.
6.
Middlekauff,
Robert, Ancients & Axioms: Secondary Educati~B in Ei teenth CeBtu
New En land, New Havem,
Ya e UJU.versity Press, l
, p. 13.
Porter,
Prof. Noah, "The Necessity & Means of Improving
The CQmm0aSchools 0f CoJanecticut",
i• Jeurnal of the
Rh(l)de I.sla:ad I•stitute
for Im.struction,
ed. by Hemry
Barnard, Pr0vidence,
c. Burnett Jr., 1847, pp. 307, 310,311.
8.
Reeords ef the State of C0nnecticut,
Velume IX, May 179? October 1799, Hartford,
published by the state,
1953,
pp. 347 - 348.
Reck.well, George L., Hister;r ©f Ridgefield,.
Connecticut,
Ridgefield,
printed by the author, 1927, pp. 7-20, 3?2-374.
10.
Sheela.all, Wilfred,
"History of State Aid t0 Educatio1tu,
Ccnuaecticut Teacher, Volume XXXIV, Number 4, January 1967,
p.
11.
5.
Steiner,
Bernard c., The History of Education in Connecticut,
Washingt0n, Govern.meat Printiag
Office, 1893,
pp. 30-37, 43-44.
�12.
Teller,
DaD.iel w., History
Da»bury, T. Danovam Co.,
of tlidgefieldg
pp; 153-1
18?8,
Trumbull,
Benjamin,
Histas
H.D. Utley, 1898, PP• 466-
Recerds
Undated
2.
Volume:
of the
of C0nnecticut,
Town of Ridgefiela
T0wn Meetimgs
(
3.
Velume 1835: Entry
of the
in Ridgefield
- December 19, 1723
December 22, 1726
December 6, 1740
December 22, 1741
March 31, 1741
January 4, 1742
December 16, 1742
December 24, 1742
September 7, 1744
March 26, 1746. I
- March 18,
Aprill?,
December
December
Decemb~r
March 16,
December
April 4,
December
December
December
December
December
April 10,
Town Treasurer
Papers
Historical
Letter
to Samuel Resseguie,
schoolmaster,
Townsend of Eastchester,
April 17, 1810.
2.
Letter
to Samuel Resseguie
offering
a position
in the
Meeting
4.
Petition
to Samuel Stebbins
Ridgefield,
May 1794.
of the
Schoel
1746
1749
19, 1752
18, 1753
17, 1755
1756
13, 1756
1757
13,
1758
14, 1758
1759
1760
14, 1784
1786.
1838 and 1839.
Society
1.
3.
New London,
6?.
Town Meetings
Volume 1?46-1?9?:
Con.necticut,
4.
from John
from Ezra Mead of Ridgefield
4th Sch0ol District,
October
Visitors,
1808.
from the
Inhabitants
of
14,
1811.
�Record Book of the th Schoel District,
Meetings:;October
1798,
Oc o er
, ctober
,
, ec~m er 13, 1811, October 1813, November 5, 1813, March 1816, March 1821•
6.
Record Book of the th School District,
Meetings:Novem er ,
, Decem er ,
, Octa er 24, 1799,
March 27, 1800,November 3, 1800, Nov. 6, 1800, April
4, 1801, October 11, 1803, Oct. 21, 1805, Oct. 24, 1806,
April 14, 1807, April 10, 1809, April 4, 1810, Nov.
25, 1814, April 10, 1815, April 2, 1816, October 8, 1816,
October 15, 1816, April 2, 1817, October 22, 1818,
September 22, 1819, April 6, 1821, March 20, 1822,
April 28, 1824, February 15, 1830, April 4, 1831,
September 12, 1831, March 1836, March 4, 1842, January
13, 1845, November 3, 1845, March 18, 1846, October
16, 1849, March 17, 1851·.
Resseguie,
Anna, Diary #1 - 1833, entries:
January 8,
1834, November 1833, Marc~ l834.
Diar.y #2 - 1834,
excerpts from a school writing book in diary.
.,
t
8.
School Rate for the Whipstick
9.
School List,
1810.
District
(no date).
•.
�
Dublin Core
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Title
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Truman A. Warner Papers, MS026
Description
An account of the resource
Warner spent 37 years as a teacher and administrator and was also a board member and former president of the Scott-Fanton Museum, now known as the Danbury Museum and Historical Society. During his tenure, he supervised and contributed to numerous museum exhibits. The Warner Collection consists of writings, photographs, miscellanea, research notes and papers documenting Warner’s life as a World War II medic, author, historian and historical researcher. The bulk of the collection contains an extensive series of newspaper clippings and printed materials relating to local and state history, several boxes of personal papers, and several boxes that contain information on Western’s faculty, administration, and events concerning the school’s history beginning in the 1940s and continuing through to the late 1990s.
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IIIF Collection Metadata
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3dc6b291-3261-430c-849f-d3e5eb379917
Document
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Dublin Core
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Title
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History of Education in Ridgefield, Connecticut,1723 - 1867
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Sollecito, Andrea
Description
An account of the resource
47 pgs
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
The town of Ridgefield, which was purchased from indigenous peoples in September 1708, is in the southwestern part of Connecticut. It is bordered on the north by Danbury, the south by Wilton, the east by New York State, and the west by Redding and Danbury. The first town records of Ridgefield are in 1721 at a town meeting where various roads were discussed. Shortly thereafter, according to a town meeting in 1723, a town school was established. This short span of time between the settlement of the town and the establishment of a school seems to show the importance placed on education
by the founding fathers of this New England town. This first public school was the foundation of a rapidly growing school system. Within 150 years, Ridgefield had expanded its school system to include fourteen public school districts. This paper is intended to show the development of education in Ridgefield as an example of educational expansion in many Connecticut towns
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1966
Subject
The topic of the resource
Ridgefield (Conn.)
Identifier
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ms026_40_30
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
132f40bd-0f8f-48a3-9300-fe047bf7a060
Education
Ridgefield CT
Truman Warner
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/June_Goodman_Collection_MS009/720/Scan_03.jpg
8473411767eb1b02de9bbefe1c53cb61
Omeka Image File
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Width
1180
Height
1153
Bit Depth
8
Channels
3
Dublin Core
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Title
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June Goodman Collection, MS009
Description
An account of the resource
The June Goodman Collection documents her local activism in the 1960s. She received a master's degree in education from WestConn in 1970. The collection focuses on Goodman's commitment to education, specifically her work with the Committee of 1,000 and its fight to improve and expand the Danbury school system in the 1960s. Much of the collection chronicles the bitter nature of the debate.
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<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms009_goodman.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
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81ad371e-cdf8-4f93-aa63-edfe9990248c
Still Image
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Dublin Core
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Title
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June Goodman Committee of a Thousand (COT) clipping, 1962
Description
An account of the resource
1 clipping
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962-01
Subject
The topic of the resource
Education--United States--Finance.
Publisher
An entity responsible for making the resource available
News-Times
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
015e9156-93b8-444a-8570-5581d148d533
Education
Schools
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Hamilton_Orgelman_Papers_MS_019/3066/MS019_03_17_001.jpg
4f2ae34e6b5558b39a1fd7b8b5142a58
Dublin Core
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Title
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Hamilton Orgelman Papers, MS 019
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<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms019_orgelman.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
474e925a-a0f0-442c-8de5-f1b740fe396d
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
Locust Avenue School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)
Locust Avenue School
Description
An account of the resource
3.5 x 5.5", B&W Postcard
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
View of the Locust Avenue School from the playground. The Locust Avenue School is now known as the Alternative Center for Excellence.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1910
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
c2aa80e5-9cca-4a07-bce8-cb6577eeb52d
Education
Locust Avenue School
Postcards
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/Hamilton_Orgelman_Papers_MS_019/3065/MS019_03_17_004.jpg
36e5c6b7cbbecad2bc9b07b6919fadb8
Dublin Core
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Title
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Hamilton Orgelman Papers, MS 019
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IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
474e925a-a0f0-442c-8de5-f1b740fe396d
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
New Street School
Subject
The topic of the resource
Danbury (Conn.)
New Street School
Description
An account of the resource
3.5 x 5.5", B&W Postcard
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
View of the New Street School from the street. The New Street School was completed in 1867 and its top floor was home to the first high school class of Danbury.
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
ca. 1910
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
f4a731c2-f7fc-4116-95b6-081997c7910d
Danbury postcards
Education
New Street School
Postcards
Schools
-
https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/omeka/files/original/June_Goodman_Collection_MS009/3142/MS009_Sticker0001.jpg
62e38a6d8119cd401f798785bfd4da34
Dublin Core
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Title
A name given to the resource
June Goodman Collection, MS009
Description
An account of the resource
The June Goodman Collection documents her local activism in the 1960s. She received a master's degree in education from WestConn in 1970. The collection focuses on Goodman's commitment to education, specifically her work with the Committee of 1,000 and its fight to improve and expand the Danbury school system in the 1960s. Much of the collection chronicles the bitter nature of the debate.
Has Version
A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.
<a href="https://archives.library.wcsu.edu/findingaids/ctdbn_ms009_goodman.xml">Link to finding aid.</a>
IIIF Collection Metadata
UUID
81ad371e-cdf8-4f93-aa63-edfe9990248c
Still Image
A static visual representation. Examples of still images are: paintings, drawings, graphic designs, plans and maps. Recommended best practice is to assign the type "text" to images of textual materials.
Dublin Core
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Title
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Vote Yes February 14
Abstract
A summary of the resource.
School system referendum sticker
Date
A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource
1962
Creator
An entity primarily responsible for making the resource
Goodman, June, 1920-1997
Description
An account of the resource
14 x 5'
Subject
The topic of the resource
Education--United States--Finance
IIIF Item Metadata
UUID
0ca0e613-da54-421f-8039-afc2581fbe8e
Education