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~I
D ANBURY, C ONNECTICUT
G ladys B. H ammond
H istory 7 1- Rest:arch P aper
M ay 2 1, 1 965
W ar f h a C o u n f s , P h .D.
..
•
B ROADVIEW
•
F ARM
•
•
•
T ABLE OF C ONTENTS
PHOTOGRAPH OF
BROADVTI~ VJ
FAR H •
F r ontispi ece
iv
L IST OF TABlES • . . .
L IST OF I L LUS TRA'I'IO l S
··.T
TifTRODOC TION . •
1
B ROADVIEW FARM
C p t er
I
•
c:
'rHE O:W ALHS HOUSE •
.)
C are o f t he P o or
T h e D anb ury AJ.ms house: 1 368-18 92
II
BROAD VIE~~ F AID·I: 1 8 9 ll-1900 • . • • •
.
. . . . . .. . . . .
25
T he D ui ldine
P o p ulation H~ve:r.1e nt i n D anbury ' s Almsho use : 1 8?+-1')0 0
1 -hintena.nce o f B r oo.clvi aw F arm
Ac ti vities
I II
BROAD V.U: W F' A
RH: 1 901-1962 • • • . • • . • . . • • • • • •
4.5
R ecOTds Availa bl e
A crea 5 e
T he Buildi ne
P opulation o f B roadview F r m: 1 900-1962
L if e a t B r oadview F ar m
CONCLUSI ON
'71
APFmrv JXES
•
I
'
II
W
ARRANTY D · D • •
74
TCMN :FAR of RE CORDS •
77
ii
Po.ce
III
rv
F LOOR PLAIIS C1F AL: SHOUSE: 1 891-t •
. . ... . ... . .
P
OF s r:n:: CTl·EN
T ClF THE AliN UA L RE PffiT ClF TI!E BOAR
F OR THE YC ARS 1 937 a nd 1 938 .
THE NEW ALl·lS!:IOUs.E
VI
m
;
THE HILL. .
TOWN AUD I TO S PJ? POR T FOR THE YE AR END TifG 9 - 15- 21
R'
BI BLI O RAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . .
G
i ii
150
•
L IST OF T ABLES
r a b 1o
Pnr;e
l.
A dmiss ions t o B roadviot.J Fn.r~ Danb ury, Connect icut,
Accor i ng t o Ae e a t Time o f Admi ssion Show i nc S ex
a d P la ce o f Birth : 1 894-1900 . . . . . . . . . .
2.
Ad.mi ssi o 1 S t o llroadvicn.J F ar ~ L:anbury, Co nnect ic ut,
Accor i ng t o Ar;e a t Time o f Ad.mis i on: 18 <1+- 1 ')00.
40
. . . .. .
41
3·
Number o f I nfirm Admissions : 189'-1--1 90 0.
4.
Br oadv i ew Farn - DanbtiT"y, Co nne ctic ut
Termin..ations : 1894-1900 • • • . . .
5.
... ..
42
P o pula tion ·bvement, B road view Far~ Danbury,
Co nne cti c ut : 18 54-1 90 0 . • • • • • •
••••••
43
6.
E x pense o f Town F arm i n P r oportion t o To ta l
Town E xpens es . . . . • . . . . . .
7.
P optlla. ti on ~b-"eme nt, Dr oadvi ew Fa.rm, a nbu:ry,
Conne ctic ut: 1 915-1962 (as o f f i s cal yoar e ndi.ng)
8,
P opulat i on ?bveme nt, D readview Fa r!!4 D anbury,
·
Connectic ut : J a nuar y 1 951 t o J un o 1 962 (as o f
e nd of e ach mont h . . . . . . . . . . . . •
i<
r
66
L IST O F
I LLUSTRATIONS
Pa..g :J
F r onti spie ce
Br oa dvi ew Fa r m • . • .
Ga t
Po st s a t En trance t o Old Almshouse P roperty
( 1 66 9) on Os born St reet.
. . . . ., . . . ,
17
P resent Day Vi ew of O ld Alms ho use S ite (1869) .
18
P r esent Lay V ews o f Old A.L ho use S i t e ( 136 J)
i
lS
19
?·hp o f
a nb l.ll'y, Co nnec tic ut i n 1875 . . •
..
Hs.p of L oc UBt Ave . a nd Qr oot P ln.irw Road (Now O sborn S t .)
s how i ng l ocat i on o f t he 1 869 Almsho use
1'-k p Sh<JJAing 1 965 L ocatio11 o f Br oadvi ew
o ad vi ew : V i ew f ro m Ho e p i t al. . .
1-i:l.in E ntr n ee t o
..
20
21
...
o odv i ew Far n.
23
24
GTa ph I
P opula t ion oi' B roadview Flll'm: F cbr t.m' ~f 1'394 t o
D c ember 19CJO. • . • • •
44
1r . a nd Ht• s. J ose ph Walk er . . . . . . • • .
59
Ora
I I - Po p ulation o f B roadvi ew F arm a t G
iven T i mes
68
Q raph I II - Populn t ion o f Broe.dvi ml F arm: J a n UD.r :y 1 951 t o
J une 1 962. . . . . .
69
R ear Vi ew of B roa dview
70
INTRODUCTION
11
BROADVIB-J R.AZED FOR J ill' IOR HIGHn.
I s t his t he h eadline t hat
w ill m ark t he end o f a b uilding w hich f or s ixty-eight y ears s heltered
many a ged, i nfirm a nd j obless p ersons who w ere u nable t o s upport t hemselves~
T hree y ears ago t he a nnouncement o f i ts c losing was made i n
t he f ollowing e ditorial:
B roadview C losing
Danbury and many o ther t owns l iterally " farmed o ut 11 t heir p ublic c harges a c entury a go. T hose d ependent upon p ublic c harity f or
a home w ere p laced w ith w hoever would c are f or them a t t he l owest
p rice; i n o ther w ords, l et o ut t o t he l owest b idder.
I n 1~68, a move was u ndertaken h ere - and b itterly c ontested by
t hose i n f avor o f t he l etting-out s ystem - to b ring t ogether t he
town c ha.rges a t an a lmshouse o r town f ann.
The o riginal b uilding, e rected i n 1 869, g ave wa'J' some y ears
l ater t o t he t hree-floor b rick s tructure, known a s B roadview, w hich
h as s erved a s t he town 1 s p oor h ouse u ntil now. B roadview i s t he
l ast f arm o perating i n F airfield C ounty and o ne o f t he l ast few i n
t he s ta.te.
C hanging c onditions made e stablishment o f a town f arm a w ise
a r.d p roper move i n 1 868. C hanging c onditions h ave made abar~donment
o f t he town f arm a w ise and n ecessary move a t t he end o f t he f iscal
y ear i n J une.
'i'he e mphasis t oday i s n ot on a lmshouse c are, b ut on k eeping o lder
c ouples and o thers i n t heir own homes o r p roviding s pecialized accommodations. Old a ge a ssistarce, a id t o t he d isabled o r s imilar p ublic
a ssistance p rograms s uch a s S ocial S ecurity r etirement a nd s urviviors
b enefits h ave s ubstantially r~duced t he p roportion o f t hose who must
s eek towl" a ccommodations. l.r,11en Brod.dview was o pened, i t c ould c are
f or o ne o ut o f e very 250 ~esinents o f t he t own. R ight now i t i s
c arir:r, f or one o ut o f e very 2 ,500.
The towr; was g enerally f ortunate i n i ts c hoice o f B roadview
s uperirtendents and m atrons. The r oles t hey f illed, l ike t he b uilding i tself, h3.ve b een made u rnecessary b y t he p assing o f t ime.
T hey, l ike t he b uilding i tself, s erved t heir p urposes w ell.(l)
Are t he c orclusions, a s s tated i n t he a bove e ditorial,
( 1)
valid~
Danbury T"ews T imes, , ipril 2 6, 1 962, D anbury, C onnecticut.
- 1-
Had c hanging c onditions made t he e stablishment o f a town f arm • a w ise
a nd
~ecessary
move i n 1868 1 o r t he abandonment o f t he town farm ' a w ise
a nd n ecessary move' i n 1962.
I f t he b uilding h ad o utlived i ts r ole
c ould n ot i ts r ole h ave b een c hanged t o meet some o f t he n eeds o f t he
e ver i ncreasing number o f c hronically i ll, m entally r etarded o r e motionally
d isturbed c hildren a nd a dults?
r o a ttempt i s made h ere t o a nswer t he a bove q uestions, f or t he
p urpose o f t his p aper i s n either t o j udge n or t o e valuate t he p ast o r
p resent s ystems o f p oor r elief i n D anbury, C onnecticut, n or t o s uggest a
c ourse f or t he f uture;
c lose t he
g~s
r ather i t i s t o p resent d ata t hat may b egin t o
p resently f ound i n h istorical w ritings a bout D anbury's
Almshouse and t o s timulate t he r e ader i nto s peculation a bout t he s ignificance o f c hanging t rends i n w elfare a dministration a s i t r elates t o t he
f ate o f Broadview Farm.
P rimary s ources h ave b een u sed a s a b asis f or t he b ulk o f t his
r eport.
T hese i nclude a lmshouse l edgers
contair~ng
o riginal h andwritten
e ntries, a nnual r eports o f t he s electmen, l etters a nd o ther r ecords o n
f ile i n t he o ffice o f t he s upervisor o f D anbury's D epartment o f C ity 1/Jelfare, r eports o f t he Conne cticut St ate Board o f C harities, r ecords o f
D arbury Town m eeting s, and p ersonal i nterviews w ith p ersons who p layed
a ctive r oles i n t he l ast y e ars o f B roadview's e xistence.
\1h er e ver p os sible , f or s tatistical p urposes, t h e,almshouse r e cords
v ere u sed i n p r e ference t o a ny p repar ed r eports b ecause t he r eports, how1
ever a ccur3.te, w ere o ften i n a pparent d isagreement.
Th e d iscrepancies
a re d ue, i n p art, t o t h e u se o f v aryin g b ase y ears.
I n some c a s es t he
c al end ar y ear was used ; i n ot her s , t he f i scal y ear s e rv ed as a b ase .
Even
t he f i s cal y e a r wa s s ubject t o c h a r.ge s o t hat w e f ind t h a t s ome r e ports r e-
- 2-
l ate t o y ears e nding o n ·, eptember 1 5th, o thers r efer t o y ears e nding
J une 1 5th, a nd some s tatistics r efer t o c onditiors a s t hey e xisted o n a
g iven d ay.
T he : -;tate B oard o f C harities, f or i nstance, r eported t he
n wr;ber o f p eople who w ere i n t he a lmshouse o n t he d ay t hat t he s tate i nspector v isited t he i nstitution.
T he v isits w ere m ade o n v arying d ates
- June, ; o:arch, S eptember, O ctober, o r a ny o ther t ime t hat w as c onvenient
t o t he i nspector.
A c ount o f a lmshouse r esidents o n a ny o ne d ay i s r ep-
reser:tati v e o f n either t he a ctual n or t he a verage r.WI;ber o f p ersons i n
t he
aL~shouse
d uring t he y ear f or w hich i t i s r eported b ecause t he a lms-
houRe p opulation o ften s hifted w ith t he s easons, w ith c hanges i n e conomic
c onditiors, a rd o ther i nfluencing f actors.
S tatistics, d espite t heir a uthenticity, r arely p resent a t rue
p icture o f a ny s it u atio!') 2 ) t hey r eveal l ittle o f t he p ersonal i nvolvement t hat s hapes t hem, b ut d o, t o some e xter.t r eflect t he p erspective
o f t he p erson who s elects a nd a rranges t hem f or p resentation i n a s tatistical r eport.
T his p aper, n ot u nlike t he
sot~ces
u sed, r eflects t he
( 2 ) T he il.l"tnual R eports ( ending , ;ept e mber 1 5th) o f t he S electmen
o f t he Town o f D anbury c reated a f alse c oncept o f t he f inar.cial s tatus
o f ~ . he t own a s i t e xisted o n t he d ay t hat t he n ewly e lected s electmer.
a ssurr,ed t heir o fficial d uties a s e xplair.ed b y Selectmen L evi K. ~tans f ield,
F dward K. B arnum, a nd A lexander T urner i n t heir a nnual r eport f or t he
y ear endin,&; ·; eptember 1 5, 1 895 ( pg. 3 ).
" • •. t he f isc::1l y ear e nds o n S eptember 1 5th, a rd t he i ncominr,
s electmer a re o bliged i n t heir r eport t o c over t he p Ariod b etween t he
1 5th o f . ')eptember a nd t he f irst ~ ; onday o f O ctober. T he r esult o f t his
i s t hat t he b oard o f s electmen may i nclude i n t heir r eport a c ertain
a mount o f m oney ' on h and'. D uring t he t wo o r t hree w eeks t hat f ollow
a nd b efore t heir s uccessors a re i nstalled, t he s electmen may e xpend a ll
t he m oney o r h and a nd i ncur h eavy i r.debtedness i n a dditior:, l eaving t he
t reasury o verdra\vn ar>d a l ot o f r ills t o b e p aid b y t heir s uccessors.
" Last y ear t he t reasurer's r eport h ad t his i tem: 'i·1oney o n h and,
~8,A02.5J'.
Y et, w hen we be~an o ur y ear, O ctober 1 st, t here w as n ot o ne
c ent i n t he t reasury, b ut t here w as a n a ccumulatior. o f u npaid b ills. i le
J
w ere oblL~ed t o b orrow $ 20,000.00 i n O ctober a nd 3 10,000.00 i n r ovember
t o p ay b ills t hat h ad b een c ontracted b y o ur p redecessors a nd w hich w ere
n ot i ncluded i n t heir r eport."
- 3-
·
.
a uthor's i nterpretation o f h er f indings, which i n t urn r eveal h er p rejudices, i ndifferences, and ! )erhaps, a t t imes, b lindness t o o r i gnorance o f
a s ituation.
However, e very e ffort h as b een made t o r eport t he f acts a s
a ccurately a s p ossible w ith no a ttempt t o i nfluence t he r eader's d irection
o f t hinking e xcept t oward o ne o f s peculation a bout community n eeds and t he
i ndividual's r esponsibility i n t he s haping o f p ublic h ealth, e ducation a nd
w elfare p rograms.
My s incere t hanks a re h ere o ffered t o a ll who made t his p aper p os-
sible by s o w illingly s haring i nformation, t ime, a nd s kills w ith me.
To
name o nly a f ew, I s hall b egin w ith t he e mployees o f t he C ity o f D anbury:
Mr. J oseph S auer, F irst S electman; Mr. O rlando S alvatore, S upervisor P ublie W elfare, and h is s taff; M iss J eanne M iller, E xecutive D irector, D epartment o f C ivil D efense; and M rs. A lice i<Villiams, S ecretary, D epartment o f
C ivil D efense; M rs. M argaret M. Y acko, Town C lerk a nd h er s taff; Mr. a nd
H rs. J oseph i tialker, f ormer S uperintendent and M atron a t B roadview.
o thers t here w ere:
Among
D r. H artha C ounts, P rofessor a t Danbury S tate C ollege
a nd a dvisor f or t his p roject; Mr. Truman W arner, P rofessor a t Danbury S tate
C ollege, who l ocated and o btained t he a lmshouse r ecords u sed h erein; Guy
L eslie, Thomas W est, and Raymond R app, s tudents o f Danbury S tate C ollege
whose s orting, l abeling and i ndexing o f m aterials f ound on t he b alcony o f
t he Danbury C ity H all p rovided e asy a ccess t o o riginal r ecords;
¥~ss
A della
F anton whose r eminiscing o f h er n inety-eight y ears i n a nd o ut o f D anbury,
e nthusiasm f or l ife t oday, a nd c ontinued i nterest i n t he p rogress o f t his
r eport g ave me t he i ncentive t o c ontinue my r esearch; and f inally my c hild-
•
r en a nd husband whose d eep u nderstanding, e xtreme p atience, and t echnical
s kills made t he f inal form p ossible.
- 4-
CHAPTER I
T HE O LD A LMSHOUSE
C are o f t he P oor
E arly law~.--
Early American p oor l aws, (l) p art o f t h e c ultural
h eritage t hat was b rought t o America i n C olonial d dys, w ere f ashioned a f te r
England's E lizabethan p oor l aws.
T hese p laced t he r esponsibility o f s up-
porting d ependent p ersons upon t owns; t he p rimary p urpose be:!.ng t o p rotect
t he town a gainst an a ccumulation o f d ependents.
T here wa3 l ittle, i f any,
t hought a t t his t ime o f p roviding s pecial c are o r r ehabilitation f or t he
i nsane, t he i diot, o r t he t ramp.
tection.
The main c oncern was t hat o f town p ro-
Hence t he a doption o f la.ws o f s ettlement(2) and t hose a gainst
v agrancy, h arboring t ramps, e ntertaining s trangers, and t he w andering o f
i diots.
Tramps were j ailed, b anned from town, s ent t o w orkhouses and
( l) An e xcellent d evelopment o f C onnecticut p oor l aws i s f ound
i n Edward Warren C apen's The H istorical Development o f t he P oor Laws o f
C onnecticut. New York: Columbia U niversity P ress, 1 905.
( 2) I bid. p . 456. 11 The e arly l aws o f s ettlement w ere d esigned
t o k eep o ut o f t he towns u ndesireable p ersons. ~~: o freedor:1 o f r esidence
was a llowed. F ines w ere imposed f or e ntertaini ng s trangers a nd f or r emaining i n , ~owns w ithout p ermission. A fter 1682 s tr ang ers mi ght be r emoved b y c onstables. Soon t here w as a c harg e. A law o f 1719 f orbade
t he r emoval o f t hose who r esided i n a town f or one y ear w ithout w arning
o r p rosecution. C onnecticut c itizens w ere g iven f reedom o f r esidence i n
1 770, p rovided t hey s ecured from t heir towns c ertificates st~ting t hat
t hey w ere i nhabitants t here. I n 1792 i t was e nacted t hat no i nhabitant
o f a C onnecticut town might be removed s o l ong a s h e and h is f amily d id
n ot become p ublic c harges, and a fter s elf-supporting r esidence o f s ix
y ears, a s ettlement was s ecured i n t he town o f r esidence. S ince t hen
t here h as b een e ntire freedom o f r esidence f or i nhabitants o f Connect icut •
• •• p ractically a ll s ettlements i n 1905 r ested upon a s elf-supporting r esidence o f f our y ears. 11
- 5-
l ater t o a lmshouses, r eturned t o E urope, o r d iscouraged from begging i n
u nusual w ays.
A H artford f amily, f or i nstance, e ffectively warded o ff
t ramps by h aving a t on o f c oal dumped i n i ts f ront y ard.(3)
P rior t o 1 868, t he p oor who were dependent upon p ublic c harity
f or
~upport
w ere u sually farmed o ut t o t he l owest b idder.
C ontracts f or
c aring f or t he p oor a s w ell a s t he c ontract s ystem i tself were a ppraised
e very two o r t hree y ears.
I ndeed, i n t he Danbury Town R ecords we r ead,
a gain and a gain t hat i t was v oted t o a ppoint a s pecial c ommittee t o s tudy
" the b est, most economical and humane way o f s upporting t he p oor o f t his
town and t o r eport a t a f uture m eeting • ••• " ( 4 )
Many, b ut n ot a ll, o f t he
s pecial c ommittees recommended t hat p roposals f or c ontracts f or c aring f or
•
t he p oor be s ubmitted t o t he s electmen and a v ote t aken t o d etermine which
p roposal was a cceptable.
The c ontract u sually was awarded t o t he " lowest
b idder."
F irst p oorhouse.--
The f irst s uggestion o f b uilding a h ouse f or
t he town p oor a ppears i n Danbury town r ecords o f 1780( 5 ) b ut I h ave found no
r ecord o f t he town h aving b uilt t he h ouse t hat was s uggested; h owever, i n 1804
t he G eneral Assembly gave Danbury p ermission t o h old a p ublic l ottery, " • •• t he
p roceeds o f which were t o go t o t he b uilding o f a h ouse f or t he p oor a t
6
t his end o f t he c ounty. 11 ( )
C onflicting e vidence makes i t d ifficult t o d e-
t ennir1e w hether o r n ot t he p er'inission t hat was g ranted t o h old a p ublic
( 3) The Danbury News, Danbury, Connecticut, J anuary 1 ,
1879.
'
( 4) S everal i nstances o f t he p roposals t o examine t he s ystem o f
p oor r elief a re f ound i n t he Danbury Town R ecords V ol. 1 , p g. 2 8; V ol. 4,
p . 2 ?; V ol. 4 , p . 7 3; V ol. 7 , p . 192; and o thers.
( 5) Danbury, C onnecticut, Danbury, C onnecticut Town R ecords, V ol.
1 , p . 4 9.
Town H eeting, F ebruary 2 8, 1 780.
(6) James M. B ailey, H istory o f Danbury, C onnecticut 1684-1896.
Compiled with addition~ by ouo&n Benedict H ill, ~ew York; B urr P rinting
H ouse, 1896. p . 558.
- 6-
l ottery t o f inance t he c onstruction o f a n almshouse was e ver a cted u pon.
I n 1805 i t was recommended, a t a town m eeting, t hat a c ommittee be a ppointed t o examine r ecords " to d etermine w hether t he method t aken by t he
S electmen f or t he l ast two y ears t o m aintain s aid P oor, h ae b een l ess e xpensive t han t he f ormer method o f f inancing t he P oor m onthly • .• 11 ( 7) b ut
t here i e no e vidence o f t he method t hat had been u sed d uring t hose two
y ears.
A.gain i n t he r ecords o f 1810 we r ead t hat " the s ubscribers were
a larmed w ith t he i ncreasing e xpense o f s upporting t he p oor, and c onsidered
w hether i t would be w iser t o c ontinue c ontracting t he p oor t o t he l owest
b idder o r t o s eek some o ther way o f p roviding f or t hem."( 8 )
The s uggestion t hat t he S electmen c onsider t he a dvisability o f
c ontinuing " contracting t he p oor t o t he l owest b idder" i mplies t hat t he
p oor were b eing c ontracted f or and were n ot b eing h oused i n a " poorhouse".
However, a t a n a nnual Town M eeting o f 't\ovember 2 5, 1816 i t was "Voted
t hat t he S electmen f urnish t he p oor h ouse w ith p rovisions, e tc. f or t he
y ear e nsuing o r c ontract f or s upplies a s f ormerly a t t heir d iscretion."( 9 )
Wae t here a n almshouse o r n ot?
The answer a ppears t o b e t hat t here was
o ne " for" Danbury b ut n ot " in" Danbury b ecause f urther e vidence p oints
o ut t hat a t a n a nnual Town M eeting held on t\ovember 2 3, 1 818 t he Selectmen
w ere d irected t o f urnish t he p oorhouse f or t he e nsuing y ear a nd t o s uperintendent i t t hernselves.(lO)
At t he same m eeting a c ommittee was a ppointed
t o " confer w ith t he Selectmen o f 't\ ewtown r especting d isposition o f t he
{ 7 ) D anbury, Connecticut, Danbucy, Cannect.i c ut Town R ecords V
ol.
1 , p . 250 ( 1 805)
( 8) I bid., V ol. 1 , p . 329 . ( 1 810)
( 9 ) I bid., V o\· 2 ,
p.
4 9. ( l l-25-1 816)
( 10) I bid., ·vol. 2 , p . 9 3.
- 7-
( 11-23 -1 813)
P oor House • ..• " (ll)
The o nly o ther r eference
p oorhouse d uring t he p eriod 1 808-1818
e ditor o f t he DanbU!Y
N~ws,
wa~
t o D anbury's u se o f a
f ound i n an 1878 l etter t o t he
i n which a f ormer s electman d iscussed t he v ari-
ous ways t he town had t aken c are o f t he p oor, i ncluding a b uilding t hat h ad
b een j ointly u sed b y 'tl: ewtown and Danbury t o h ouse t he h omeless p oor o f b oth
to~~s.
The l etter r eads a s f ollows:
To t he E ditor o f t he Kews:
I s ee by a n otice on t he s ign p ost t hat we a re t o h ave a nother
town m eeting w ith r eference t o o ur town p oor, a nd s urely t here i s no
more i mportant b usiness f or t he town t o c onsider t han t he p roper c are
f or t heir p oor. The p oor w ill a lways be w ith u s. And i t i s t he d uty,
and I t hink t he p rivilege o f t hose who a re a ble t o m inister t o t he
n ecessities a nd c omforts o f t he u nfortlmate p oor among u s • ••• I t may
be w orth w hile t o l ook b ack a l ittle a nd s ee what t he t own h as done
i n t he p ast. About s ixty y ears ago Kewtown and Danbury u nited i n
b uilding a p oor h ouse a nd a lso u nited i n s upporting t heir p oor t ogether.
They were k ept t here a n~~ber o f y ears. But i t d id n ot work s atisfactorily a nd was abandoned a fter a few y ears. D uring t he d iscussions
a s t o v arious p lans f or k eeping t hem, Mr. S turgess S elleck came f orward i n 1 831 and p roposed t o t ake c are o f and p rovide f or a ll t he p oor
o f t he town f or t hree y ears a t $ 800.00 p er y ear; and a t t he e nd o f t he
t hree y ears t he to·Nn a nd t he p oor w ere s o w ell s atisfied w ith t he p lan
t hat i t was c ontinued. Mr. P hilo Wood had them f or t hree y ears; a nd
i n 1837 Mr. S elleck t ook them ag ain u nder s ubstantially t he same c ontract u nder which t hey w ere k ept u ntil 1 868, w ithout c omplaint, u ntil
f our o r f ive y ears b efore t he e xpiration o f t he l ast c ontract. I t b egan a t $ 800.00 a y ear and ended i n 1868 a t, I t hink, $ 2,000.00 p er
y ear. Then t he p resent town f arm was p urchased and b uildings e rected,
a nd s ince t hen t he p oor h ave been s upported u nder t he s upervision a nd
d irection o f t he Selectmen. The e xpense o f t he p oor l ast y ear a ccording
t o t he r eport o f t he S electmen, h ave b een a s f ollows, v iz: - -Expenses
a t p oor-house h ave been $ 6,131.58; e xpense o f o ut-door p oor $ 3,124;
u ndertakers, $ 158; p hysicians $ 101.75; t otal $ 9,515.33; and t his w ithout
c ounting a nything f or r ent o f f arm, o r f or e xpense o f i nsane a t M iddletown, which was $ 1,271; add t o t his $ 1,000 f or r ent o f f arm ( which i s
s carcely 5% on i ts c ost), and we h ave a s t he t otal o f s upporting t he
p oor o f t he town l ast y ear $ 11,786.33. Our p oor a t t he p oorhouse l ast
y ear h ave c ost o ver f our d ollars p er week f or b oard, b esides t he u se
o f farm and b esides t heir c lothing. I t hink o ur e xperience f or t he
l ast s ixty y ears h as a lready shown t hat t he c ontract s ystem was d ecidedly
t he most e conomical, and t hat, on t he w hole, t here was l ess f riction a nd
complaint u nder t hat s ystem t han u nder a ny t he town h as t ried. ~l e c annot c hange t he s ystem und er a ny sudden i mpulse and h urrah w ithout g reat
h azard and expen se . Our e xperience i n t he t own-f arm p urchase shows u s
t hat u nmist akably. I u nderstand t h at , a g ood and r es p onsible man w ill
( l l) I bid.
- S-
t ake t he town farm and b oard t he p oor a t t he p oor-house f or $ 2.50 p er
w eek. I f s o, had we n ot b etter b egin and f eel o ur way i nto a b etter
and c heaper p lan t han t he p resent i f p ossible. L et u s h ave a f ull
town m eeting and t alk t hese m atters up t ogether, l ike men h avi ng o ne
common i nterest.
An Old S electman(l2)
I
The
11
0ld S electman's" summary o f D anbury's p oor-relief s ystem
a grees w ith t he town r ecords t o and i ncluding t he c onstruction o f t he
f arm; p robably h is s tatistics r egarding t he e xpense o f t he p oor f or
to~1
t he y ear 1 877 a re a lso a ccurate b ut u nfortunately t he a nnual r eports f or
t hat ~ear h ave n ot been f ound. ( l 3)
I t i s i nteresting t o n ote t hat t he
g reatest c oncern o f t he rrold s electman" was t o f ind " a b etter a.nd c heaper
p lan".
The q uest was a lways f or a b ett er and c heaper p lan.
T he
D anbury
A lmshouse :
D
ecision t o b uild a n a lmshouse.-t he
b es~
1 868- 1892
In most o f C onnecticut, b y 1 823,
and c heapest way o f s upporting and employing t he p oor was t hought
t o b e i n t he alms and w orkhouses.(l4)
T his was n ot t rue i n Danbury f or i t
was n ot u ntil August o f 1868 t hat t he p roposal t o b uild a p oorhouse i n t he
Town o f Danbury was a greed u pon.
The d ecision t o do s o, f ollowed a s eries
o f meetings t hat b egan on May 9 th when i t was v oted t o p urch a se a bout 73
a cres
11
f or t he p urpose o f e recting s uitable b uildings f or t he town p oor • .•• rr( l 5 )
The s electmen a ct ed p romptly a nd, two d ays l ater, p urchased t he 73 a cres
from Geor ge White on May l ith 1868 a s shown by a deed r ecorded i n Book 5 7,
( 12) The Danbury News, D anbury, Conn ecticut, Wednesday, J anuary
2 3, 1 878 , p . 4 .
(13) Danbury, _Connecticut~ Danb~, C onnecticut Town Records, V ol.
2 , p p. 402, 403, and V . 4 , pp . ) 4, 1~ / .
ol
U nit ed
( l i ) S . ? • ~reckirridge, P ublic ' t.'elfare A drr.inistration i n t he
Chicago, U ver s ity o f C hicago P ress, 1 927. p . 5 2.
ni
S t at e ~ ,
( 15 ) Danbury, Co r: necticut, D anbury, C onnecticut Town R ecords, V ol.
4 , p . 457.
- 9-
pa~e 6 , Danbury Land R ecords. ( 16)
S hortly t hereafter, a t t he r equest o f
t hose who w ere opposed t o t he a lmshouse p lan, s everal s pecial m eetings
w ere c alled f or t he p urpose o f s elling t he newly a cquired p roperty a nd o f
r Mcinding t he v ote t hat had been piii.sMd on May 9 th.
But t he m eetings
w ere d ismissed and no a ction was t aken(l?) u ntil August 2 2, 1 868 when a t
a s pecial town m eeting, d espite b itter o ppo3ition, i t was v oted t hat t he
town s hall become bound and p romise t o r epay t o s uch p erson o r
p ersons, a s may d onate money t o t he town f or t he p urpose o f a town
f arm and t he e rection o f t he n ecessary b uildings t hereon f or t he
s upport o f t he town p oor, s uch sulns o f money a s he o r t hey may d onate f or s uch p urpose, w ithout i nterest, w henever t he town s hall
a bandon t he s ystem o f s upporting t he town p oor upon a f arm owned
by s aid t own.(l8)
C urious a bout t he l egal a spects o f s aid p ro m
ise, I c onsulted w ith
Mr. 0 . S alvatore, Town 1-Jelfare S upervisor, and X r. J oseph S auer, F irst
Selectman o f t he Town o f D anbury, a bout w hether t he town was now o bligated
t o r eturn, t o t he h eirs o f Mr. \ •lhite, t he $ 6,000.00 w hich had been ° accepted
w ith g ratitude"(l9) i n 1 .3 68 from Mr. E li l ,fuite.
Both N r. S alvatore and ~Ir.
S auer a ssured me t hat t he m atter h ad b een s ettled b ut t hey d id n ot o ffer a n
e xplanation a s t o t he m anner i n w hich i t h ad been s ettled a nd I d id n ot
q uestion t hem f urther.( 2 0)
Use o f t he a lmshouse.--
Long r ange p lanning seems t o h ave p layed
n o r ole i n D anbury's a lmshouse d evelopment; e xpediency m edsures l ed t o t he
c onstruction o f a b uil tling i n w hich t o h ouse t he p oor and t o a p ragmatic
( 1 6) Appendix I , p .
......
74.
( 1 7) Danbury Town R ecords, V ol. 4 , p . 4 88 •
( 1 8) I bid., p . 4 89.
( 19)
l lii·
( 20) P ersonal i nterview w ith Mr. O rlando S alvatore, H elfare S upervisor o f D anbury, C onnecticut, May 9 , 1963 and w ith Mr. J oseph S auer, F irst
S elect.~a.n,
Daf\btl.ry, Connecticut, March 22, 1965.
- 10-
m ethod o£' d etermining t he r ole o f t he a lmshouse.
The b uilding was r eady
f or o ccupancy on O ctober 1 , 1 869; o pposition t o i t s ubsided f or a w hile.
I ndeed, o nce t he b uilding became a r eality, a ll s orts o f s uggestions a s t o
i ts u se w ere s wiftly s ubmitted s o t hat i t d id, i n f act, become a " catch-all"
f or
tr~~ps,
c hildren, t he i nfirm, t he a ged, t he i nsane, and f amilies.
T ramps, f or i nstance, w ere t o b e d irected t o t he Town Farm b y a s pecial
town o rdinance t hat was p assed on December 3 0, 1 276 when i t w as:
Voted t hat t he S electmen b e i nstructed t o p rocure a s ufficient
number o f p osters, and p ost them i n c onspicuous p laces t hroughout
t he Town, n otifying t ramps t hat t hey w ill b e r equired t o work f or
t heir l odgings and m eals, and t o r equest a ll c itizens t o r efuse t o
a id, a nd t o d irect t ramps t o t he Town F arm.(21)
The " catch-all" c oncept o f a lmshouse u se i s f urther i llustrated
by t he
followin~
a rticle:
Gone I nsane a nd H bsing [a news r eport o f a. man who b ought h orse
l iniment and a r azor and t ried t o f orce a l ady t o d rink t he l iniment].
On F riday n ight he t apped on windows and d oors o f a n eighbor's h ouse
t rying t o g et i n. By S aturday t he p eople o f t he G reat P lains s ought
h elp f or him • •• b ut he s tarted o ff a cross t he l ots, s ince t hat t ime
h e h as b een m issing. F ear t hat h e w ould commit s uicide s ent a p arty
i n s earch o f him • •• h eard o f him i n r ew F airfield, n ear H obart C oleb 1 s
p lace, and on t he way t o B ridgewater. He h ad n ot b een f ound up t o
l ast n if)lt •
S ince w riting t he a bove M r. l-1
h as r eturned a nd i s
now a t t he Town F arm.(22)
H ost o f t he R eports o f t he S tate Board o f C harities g ive a n a ccount o f t he number o f i nsane person!!! t hat w ere i n t he a lmshouse when s tate
i nspections w ere made; on O ctober 2 3, 1 903, f or i nstance, t he number o f i nf
s ane i nmates was t wo, b oth o f whom w ere men who h ad been p reviously i n a
,.
.
:. :-Jtate H osplta1 . ( 211
-'
( 21) A. P eters Damia, O rdinances and S pecial A cts P ertaining t o
t he Towr o f D anbury, 1 960, p . 3 .
( 22) The Danburx r ews, D anbury, C onnecticut, ',-Jednesday, Harch 3 ,
1 880, p . l .
( 2 3) C o:1necticut P ublic Documents 1904 Vol I II P art 2 1 " Report o f
S tate Board of C harities for the year ending September )OJ l 90Jj' p, 277,
- 11-
I
R e8earch r eveals t hat f amilies were housed i n D anbury's Almshouse
on s everal o ccasions.
C apen, f or i nstance, r eports t hat:
I n 1S9S Danbury was keeping i n t he o ld abandoned almshouse a
number o f p oor f amilies, u nder t he c laim t hat t he l aw(24) d id n ot
apply t o i t . (25)
C ost.--
Operating t he town farm proved t o be so c ostly t hat i n
S eptember o f 1877 t he i dea o f s elling p art o f t he p oor farm was c onsidered
b ut was e vidently d ismissed f or on
T'.o~eedy,
~ovember
5 th o f t he same y ear, E dgar
s.
L eonard W. D ibble, and James Osborn w ere a ppointed t o d evise a
p lan t hat m ight r educe t he e xpenses o f p roviding f or t he p oor.< 26 )
D espite
s ugeestions from t he s electmen, t he a ppointed c ommittee and o thers, t he
c ostly and i nadequate o peration o f t he a lmshouse c ontinued and a lthough o pposition t o i t had s ubsided i t had n ot d ied.
v arious f orms;
C omplaints were e xpressed i n
one " old fogy" s tated h is i n a l etter t o:
H r. E ditor:- How u s " old f ozy" t axpayers d id s tare when A uditor
H erritt r ead a t t he a.nnual tewn m eeting a l egal o pinion t ha.t n ine
months was a y ear, and t hat t he f irst s electman was j ustified i n
t aking a y ear's s alary f or on~ n ine months s ervice i n f ace o f t he
f act t hat t he town e xpected an h onest one y ear's work • •.•
Hhen t he c ost o f k eeping t he p oor was r ead a mounting t o n ea.rly
$ 12,000, $800 more t han l ast y ear, a p rince o f o ld f ogies g roaned
0 Lord s ave u s, why F.d H
u sed t o keep t he p oor f or $1800 a
y ear. "Yes" a nswered a J ess R ural, b ut Ed. had no s tyle • ••• ( 27)
L ife a t t he A lmshouse.--
Reports o f t he C onnecticut S tate B oard
( 24) T his r efers t o l aws f or t he p rotection o f m inors which made
t he p resence o f c hildren ( between t he a ges o f 4 y ears and 18 y ears) i n
a.lmshouse3 i llegal. See Capen f or h istory o f la.ws f or p rotection o f
m inors. p p. 4 01-463.
( 25) Edward i'lii.rren Capen, The H istorical Development o f t he P oor
Laws o f C onnecticut. Kew York: Columbia U niversity P ress, 1 905. p . 4 21.
( 26) D anbury, C onnecticut, Danbury, C onnecticut Town R ecords, V ol.
5 . p . 2 07.
( 27) The Danbury
}~ews,
Danbury, C onnecticut, O ctober 2 2, 1 879.
- 12-
o f C harities,
( 28)
t he a nnual r eport o f t he s electmen f or t he y ear e nding
S eptember 1 5, 1 893, and t he p athetic
E vening
~:ews
sto~
o f Armond a s r eported i n
!h!
p aint a g rim p icture o f l ife a t t he Town Fann d uring t he y ears
1 884-1893.
The c ase o f Armond a t t he town f arm, • •• a f ew weeks ago [h~ h ad
h is l eg b roken ~ a w heel. He had s uffered p reviously f or months from
m alaria, and a t t he t ime o f t he a ccident t he i njured l eg was b roken
o ut w ith e rsipelas, s o b adly t hat he must s oon be l aid up f or t his
c ause. D r. Snow a ttended him. He bandaged t he l imbs b ut t he d ischarge from t he s ores r otted t he b andages. The d octor had D rs. B ennett and Adams v isit Armond a t t he town f arm, • •• t here i s b ut l ittle
i f any p rospect f or Armond 1 s r ecovery and t hen o nly w ith t he i njured
l eg o ff. D r. Snow was i n hopes t o h ave t he o peration p erformed Wednesday b ut · i t h ad n ot b een done y et. The d octor h as g ot many l ittle comforts f or t he p atient whose c ondition i s p itiable. ( 29)
We c an o nly s peculate a bout Armond's f ate and a bout t he a dequacy
o f m edical c are a t t he f arm.
I f t he d octors w ere r eluctant t o
amput~te
i t must have been b ecause i t would have been u seless t o do s o.
But t he
q uestion p ersists:
Were m edical e xaminations p art o f t he e arly a lmshouse
r outine o r was a d octor c alled o nly t o t reat a cute
cases~
t he h ospitalized "town p oor 11 t he town p aid a s mall
sum
I n t he c a8e o f
t o t he h ospital
f or b oard and m edical c are.
A welcome change i n l ife a t t he town farm were t he o ccasional
p arties t hat w ere a rranged qy tdWn f olk, e specially t hose a t C hristmas
t ime when g ifts and c heerful m usic were s hared by i nmates and v isitors.
On o ne o ccasion,
•
g.:w
( 28) G eorge B. Arms tead ,
S ta,te, S oryicas o f C onnecticut• 1 1!6.
S tate o f C onnecticut, 1946, P• 13 •
I n 1881 f ive c itizens w ere a ppointed b y t he g overnar t o c onstitute
a S tate B oard a£ C harities. T heir d uties w er e t o v isit a nd i nspoct a ll
i nstitutions af' t he s tate, b oth p ublic a nd p rivate, i n w hioh p er sons w ore
d etained b y compuJ.sion f ar hl..UlEJli tar i.an, s anitary, p enal a r r ef'cruntar.-y
p ur poses . The p urpose o f i llspection was t o d etermine w hether i lllllltes
v er e p t"--perl y t raa. t ed a .nd j u stl.y eoml!li t ted. I f a.b uses ,., e re f otmd t he boo.rd
v as g iven power t o c orrect them.
(29) The Even!re New s, Danbury, Connaetiout, Mlr oh 7, 1884.
- 13-
T here was a s hort a ddress b y t he Rev. J . L. D aisie, t he t ree was
l oaded w ith g ifts f or t he i nmates and one i nmate upon g eneral r equest
r endered i n a v ery a nimated a nd f orensic s tyle t he c elebrated s peech
o f B lack Hawk • •• a fter c ontinued a pplause • •. d eclaimed a p ortion o f
lr.J'ashington 1 s V aledictory A ddress t o t he American p eople • •• a s a f inale
s ang w ith t enderness and s implicity, I Want t o be An A ngel. ( 30)
The i nventory o f
To~~ Farm
p roperty t aken A pril 2 5, 1 892,( 3 l) p ro-
vides a c lue t o t he c haracter o f t he i nterior o f t he o ld a lmshouse.
B uilding o f new a lmshouse.--
After t he S tate Board o f C harities
was e stablished i n 1 881, a ll i nstitutions,
spected p eriodically.
includi~g
a lmshouses w ere i n-
Some d oubt i s c ast upon t he a ccuracy o f t he i nspec-
tor's r eports; p articularly when we f ind t hat, i n 1 892, one i nspector r eported t he b uilding a s b eing c lean, c omfortable, and e fficiently o perated(3 2 )
and l ess t han a y ear l ater t he b uildings were found t o be l acking i n s ize
a nd p roper c onveniences, and d efective i n
oth~r
a rrangements a s d escribed
by t he C onnecticut S tate Board o f C harities i n t he f ollowing l etter:
C onnecticut S tate Board o f C harities, H iddletmm, 2 7th S ept., 1 893;
The S electmen, Town o f D anbury, Conn.
D ear S irs: - I beg t o i nform you t hat t he members o f t he S tate
B oard o f C harities met t oday i n r egular s ession a t t heir o ffice i n
H artford, and t he s pecial c orr@ittee w hich h ad b een a ppointed t o v isit
t he Danbury Almshouse r ead t heir r eport, i n w hich t hey c alled a ttention
t o t he f act t hat t he p resent b uilding i s l acking i n s ize and p roper
c onveniences, t hat t he s anitary a rrangements a re d efective and t hat
t he m ethods now i n u se f or h eating and l ighting p urposes a re i nadequate and d angerous, and t hat t hey a s a corrunittee u rgently recommend
t he i nunediate c onstruction o f a new and p roperly a ppointed b uilding.
The r eport was approved b y a unanimous v ote o f t he b oard, and t he
s ecretary was t hereupon i nstructed t o communicate i n w riting a n otice
o f t he a ction t aken a t t his m eetirg t o t he Board o f Selectmen o f
D anbury.
I r emain, d ear s irs,
Y ours t ruly,
H. C. W hittlesey,
S ecretary, S tate Board o f C harities ( 33)
( 30) The Danbury Kews, D anbury, C onnecticut, J anuary l , 1 879, p . 4 .
( 31) See Town Farm R ecord, Appendix I I, p . 77.
( 32) C onnecticut P ublic Documents 1 893, " Report o f S tate B oard o f
C harities", p . 1 04.
Annual Re c rt of the Board of
e nding S eptember 1 5, 1 893, p p. 9 , 1 0.
- 14-
T his Wl S t he D tiruulus t h.at m otivate d S electme n Chc"l.rles B.
tMas on, S . B. T road\olcll, a nd H enry B arry t o p ropose t he c onstruction
o f a new a lmsh ouse a t a c ost n ot t o e xceed $ 30, 000. 0 0.
Authorization
t o p roceed w ith t he p t"oject was o btained a t a s pecial t own m eetin G' o n
A pt'il 4 , 1 893. (y.t)
C ov..struction o f t he new b rick b uilding, l.a t ar named B roadvi ew
F'ar~ wa s b egun t hat y ear ( 1893).
A ccording t o t he s electmen t hen i n
o ffice t he t own s hould h ave b uilt a new p oor h ouse lov..g b efare t ha t.
How e ver . t he o ld a lmshouse c ontinued t o b e u sed a fter t he new o ne \ las
b 11ilt , ( 35) n ot a s a n a lmshouse, b ut a s
a t enement h ouse f ar t he o ccu:tnncy o f wen-thy p oor p eople w hose
r ent w as p lid b y t he t own. T hat w as d one a t v ery s mll c ost . The
e xperiment h as b e en s uccessful b eyond o ur m ost s aiX!uine h opes . There
a re now c am:f'arta.bly h oused i n t he o ld b uilding. s even f amili es . 1-bst
o£ t he t enants a re widows 'With s mall c hildren. I n a ll, t hir ty-four
o rdldren h ave t heir hame t here. The e xtent o f t he s aving i n t his
d irection w ill b e b etter a nraeia ted when i t i s t mderstood t ha t t he
t own h ad b een p aying o ver $6oO p er yen:r f or r ent f ar t hese f amili es
t ha t a re now h oused f ar n othing a t a ll. (36)
To s ay t hat t he f amilies w are h oused f ar n othing a t a ll i lilplies
t hat t here v era n o o ther c osts i nvolved s uch a s f ood, c lothing, medicine,
f uel, l ighting , a r r e:r:aire.
T hese i tems m ust h ave b een c harged t o o ne o f
t he t own a ccotmts; y et, i n r egard t o t he o ld a lmshouse d uring t his p ericxl,
t here i s n o m ention o f t hem i n t he s elootmen ' e r eports.
nual r eports a f t he s electmen f
Howevar, t he a n-
t he y ears 1 895 t o, a nd i ncluding, 1 900
•
r eport EDC pens es f ar t he " old a lmshouse" b eginning w ith $467. oB a nd d e-
(J4) D anbury, C onnecticut, Danb!£X. C ol}Ilecticut Town R ecords, V ol.
6, p. 2 27.
(35) S ee n nps p p. 2 0-22, f ar l t>cation
o f b oth b uildings.
( 36) DanburY, C QMocticut (Town) A .nnml R epqrt. y ear o nding
S eptember 1,5 1 lB?.5, p. 4.
- 15-
c reasing e ach y ear t o $ 20.00 i n 1 900. (37)
th~
T here i s no r e ccrd o f w hen
o ld bui1diP..g was f inally d emolished b ut we know t hat i t was a till
s tanding i n 1 911 b eca use a t t..ha t t ime , t he s uperintendent, G eorge F oote,
r ec ommended t hat "soiOOthing b e d one w it.h t he o ld t own h ouse, a s i t i s a
r endezvous f ar t..ra.mpe a nd b oys, a lso i t i s g rad ua lly b eing t arn dawn a t
n ight ar..d c arted away f ar b uilding m terial • • (3 8)
F ive s unken a reas a t t he s ite w here t he o ld a lmshouse o nce
s tood(39) may h ave b een t he c avities t hat h eld t he f oundations o f t he
" poor-house" a nd i ts o ther b uildings.
How ever, t oday, t he o nly p hysical
sir,"DB o f t he e..-u-l.y s tructure's l ocation a re w o a tone g ate p osts (4o)
w hich a re e quipped w ith h and-wrought i ron g ate p ivots a nd now s tand a t
t he e ntrance t o p 1sture Land, o n O sborne S treet, a l it t1e b eyond t he
p laygr ound t hat i s l ocated a t Osborne S treet a nd L ocust Avenue. (4 1)
(37) D§4bury, C onnecticut (Town) Ar.nua.l R ewt, y ears e nding
Se ptember l.5, 1 95 t o, a nd i ncluding, S eptember 15, 1 900.
(38) l ymua,l R epgrt o.f :§oard o f S elcotgen. S eptember 15, 1 911,
pp. 12, 13.
(39) S ee p hotographs p p. 1 8-19.
(4o) I ntervieW w ith Hr. J oseph W alker, 1-hroh 2 8, 1965 and i nterview w ith 1-fr. J oseph S auer, A pril 2 6, 1965.
{41) S ee p hotograph p. 17 a nd
- 16-
l lfl.p8
pp. 20, 21.
GATE PO STS AT ENTRANCE
TO O LD A LMSHOUSE P ROPERTY ( 1869)
ON
O SBORN S TREET
- 17-
PRE S ENT D AY V IEW O F O L D ALM SHOUSE S ITE ( 1869)
L OOKING N ORTHEA ST FROM OSBORN S TREET
- 18-
P RESENT D AY V IEWS OF O L D ALMSHOUSE S ITE ( 1869)
L OO KI NG NOR THE AS T FRO M O SB ORN _ TREET
S
- 19-
DAN BUR Y, C ONNECT! C UT
PHOTOGR AP H OF AN 1 875 M AP
L ocated i n S cott F anton M useum
D anbury, C onnecticut
1 - Location
of
1 869 A lmshouse
- 20~
P HOTOGRAPHS OF A P ORTION O F M AP
S hown on
1·
L oca t io n
of
1 869
p age
A l mshouse
- 2I -
-
...
20
•
V IEW O F B ROADVIEW F ARM
As
s een f rom D anbury H ospital
-23-
•
M AIN E NTRA NCE
B ROADVIEW FARM
- 24-
CHAPTER TI
B ROADVIEW FARM: 1 894-1900
T he B uilding
P igh a bove t he City o f !J an b ury, a t H ospital ,\ venue a nd F ourth
~;t r eet,
s tands t he m ajestic b uilding known a s 3 roadview F arm. ( 1 )
Now, e mpty
o f human o c cup ants, i t s erves a s a n a ir r aid s helter a nd a s a s torage p lace
f er c ivil d efense e q uipment a nd f or e quipment s oon t o b e i nstalled i n a
new u nit o f D anbury H ospital.
( the
re~mlt
Although o ne m ust w ade t hrough b roken g lass
o f v andalisrr.) a nd t hro ugh t iny b its o f f allen p laster t o v iew
i t s i nterior, n o s pirit o f g loom i s e mitted f rom t he s olid s tructure.
It
2
was a. d ull c loudy d ay wher: t his w riter f irst s aw t he i nside o f t he b uilding( )
a nd y et. t he h i gh c eilin g ed s pacious r ooms w ere f lood ed w ith n atura.l l ight
t ha t s treamed i n t hrcu gh t he n umerous w indows.
T he b uilding i s a t hree s toried b rick a nd s tone s tructure.
On t he
f irst f loor a re r oon:s t hat h ad b e en u sed a s d ining r oom3, w ork r ooms,
p a nt ry,
a~~ini st ration
l avatories,
o ffice, t he s uperintendent's a partment, a nd t hree
F our s tai rway s l ead t o t he s econd f loor w here l arge d ormitories
p rovided s eparate s leepin;s q ua rt e rs f or men and women,
A p rivate s tairway
p rovid es e asy a ccess t o t he b edrooms i ntend ed f or t he s up erintendent a nd
h is
f~~ily.
(1)
I n a ddition, t here a re t wo s ingle r ooms a nd t hree b athrooms,
e e photo g raph~ P r•. 2 3, 24 a nd map p . 2 2.
( 2 ) I nspection t our wa s c onducted b y YLiss J eanne M iller, E xecutive
D i r ector, D epartment o f C i vil D efe nse, D anbury, Connecticut a nd M rs. A lice
W
illi am!:!, S ecretary, D epart ment o f Civil D efense, D anbury, C onnecticut o n
March 1 0, 1 965.
- 25-
one o f w hich i s a djacent t o t he s uperintendent's s leeping q uarters.
An-
other f ive stai!'"':tays l ead t o t he t hird f loor where t here a re t wenty-two
s ingle r ooms, two l arge rooms t hat had been used a s h ospital w ards ( one
f or men and one f or women), and two b athrooms.
The basement i s d ivided i nto what was a b oiler room, a s torage
room, a smoking room, a l aundry room, t he s uperintendent's s torage a rea
and two " cells" o r a j ail. ( 3)
The o utside c ellar w a.lls a re two f eet t hick,
a nd, l ike t he r est o f t he b uilding, a ppear t o b e s ubstantially sound f or a
s tructure t hat
i~ s eventy-one y ears o ld,( 4 )
Both t he b uilding and t he management w ere f requently canm.ended
f or t heir e fficiency.
Many s tate i nspectors c alled Broadview a model
i nstitution and i n 1906 i t was p raised t hus:
" Every c omfort i s s upplied • ••
t he h ouse i s o ne o f t he most a ttractive and b est k ept i n t he s tate. 11 (5)
P opulation M ovement i n D anbury'&
A lmshouse: 1 894 t o 1 900
A mere c ount o f t he number o f i nmates f ound i n t he a lmshouse a t
a ny g iven d ate d oes n ot a nswer i mportant q uestions a bout t he p opulation
movement w ithin t he i nstitution - such a s, how many w ere a dmitted d uring
a c ertain p eriod, how many w ere d ischarged, how many d ied, how many w ere
a dmitted w ith i nfirmities o r d eveloped i nfirmities a fter a dmission, a t
w hat age were t he m ajority o f p ersons a dmitted and how l ong d id e ach s tay?
{ J ) S tate C ha.rities R eports s pecify t hat no p risoners w ere a ccepted
a t t he Towr1 F ann. i·Ir. W alker, f ormer S uperintendent o f B roadview, a ffirmed
( interview March 2 8, 1 965) t hat t he c ells w ere n ot u sed f or i mprisonment
d urir:g h is s ixteen and a h alf y ears o f a dministration. A ccording t o S electman J oseph S auer ( interview A pril 2 1, 1 965) t hey were u sed, f or d isorderly
i nmates, a t t he d iscression o f e ach s uperintendent b ut d uring r ecent y ears
o ne o f t he c ells was u sed a s a s torage room.
(4) See w hiteprints, Appendix I II, p .
( 5) C onnecticut P ublic D ocuments- Reports o f S tate Board o f
C harities 1894-1918, (Report of 1906)
- 26-
F acts i n r egard t o t he above h elp t o d evelop new i nsight i nto t he c haracter
o f t he
aL~shouse
p opulation and t he methods o f a lmshouse a dministration.
A
c onstant f luctuation i n t he number o f a lmshouse r esidents may i ndicate t hat
t he r ules p ertaining t o a dmissions and d ischarges were n ot r igid and may
h ave p ermitted a c ontinual f low o f s easonal o r t ransient i nmates.
In t he
m atter o f c apacity t o w ork, i t i s more m eaningful t o know t hose who w ere
a dmitted w ith a p hysical o r m ental d efect t han t o t ake a c ount, a t any g iven
t ime, o f t he number o f p eople c apable o f w orking.
The f ollowing t ables, b ased on t he a lmshouse r ecord, and t he a ccompanying b rief s tatement a re i ntended t o p rovide t he a nswer t o some o f
t he above q uestions &nd t o p ortray c ertain a spects o f t he c haracter o f t he
c hanging p opulation w ithin Broadview Farm d uring t he y ears 1894 t o, a nd,
i ncluding 1 900.
A dmissions: 1894 - 1900.--
The new a lmshouse was no l ess a
11
catch-
all" t han t he one p receding i t;( 6 ) i t h oused n ative and f oreign b orn, t he
a ble and 'i:.he d isabled, t he young and t he o ld b ut no p risoners. ( 7 )
T hree
hundred and two a dmissions a re r ecorded d uring t he y ears 1894 t hrough 1900;
224 m ale, 75 f emale, ar.d 3 f or whom no s ex i s r ecorded.( 8 )
T his d oes n ot
mean t hat 302 d ifferent p eople e ntered d uring t his p eriod b ecause t hat
f igure i ncludes r eadmissions a s w ell a s new a dmissions.
a dmitted and d ischarged s everal t imes w ithin one y ear.
Some p ersons w ere
F or i nstance, one
(6) Although s everal s ources i ndicate t hat t he new a lmshouse r eplaced t he o ld, t here i s e vidence t hat b oth b uildings w ere u sed a s s helters
f or t he i ndigent up t o 1900. See Capen p . 421 and t he Annual Report o f t he
s electmen f or t he y ears 1895 and 1900.
( 7 ) C onnecticut P ublic Do~wnents, " Reports o f S tate B oard o f
Charities 11 1882-1918.
( 8 ) S ee t able I , p p. 36-}9.
-27-
mar was a dmitted t wenty t imes w ith i n a p er iod o f t hree y ears.(9)
A pproximately 53% o f t he t otal a dmissi ons w ere f oreign b orn; o f
t hese, 71% w ere I rish; 66% o f t he n ative b orn w ere from Connec tic ut; and
o ver 50% o f t hese h ad been b orn i n D anbury. ( 1 0 ')
The a ge r ange was w ide;
i t i ncluded f ive c hildren u nder a y ear o ld and two p eople who h ad r eached
t he a ge o f 9 0.
A pproximately 43% o f a ll a dmissior\s f ell i nto t he a ge group
between 50 a nd 69 y ears w ith t he g reatest number o f t hese b eing b etween
6 0 and 69 y ears o f a ge.(11)
About one t hird ( 101) o f a ll p ersons a dmitted w ere i nfirm.
T here
w ere 33 d ifferent i nfinnities l isted i ncluding c hills and f eve r, b roken
b ones, l ameness, c onsumption , i nsanity, and o thers;
t hree o f t hese ( in-
sanity, c onsumption and l ameness) a ccour.ted f or a lmost h alf o f t he i nfirm
a dmissions. ( l 2)
T erminations: 1894 - 1900.--
The i nsane we re t ransferred t o i n-
stitutions f or t he i nsane, t o t heir own o r a f oster home, o r w ere a llol'led
t o r emain a t B roadview i ndefinitely; one o f t hese c ommitted s uicide.(l3)
M
ost o f t he p ersons who w ere s uffering from consumption when a dmitted d ied
s oon a fter.
T his d isease g radually becdn1e l ess f requent among a dmissions
a nd t erminations u ntil i t c eased t o a ppear i n t he r ecord s a fter O
ctob er
1 5, 1 930.(1.4)
Almshouse r esidence was a lso t erminat ed f or r easo ns o ther t han
( 9)
Almshouse R ecord,
c.
o f D ., p g. 248.
( 10) S ee T able I , p p. 36-39, f or t he a ctual number o f a dmissions
a ccording t o p lace o f b irth.
( 11) S ee T able I I, p . 4 0.
( 12) S ee T able I II, p . 4 1.
( 1 3) Almshouse Record , p . 59 o
( 1.4) Almshouse R ecord , p . 3 22. ( Last e ntry o f a n a dmission w ith
c onsumption.)
- 28-
•
i n san1 t. y
ilp
a~
d a ea t h • ( l'il
.
··
S ome p e ,s on s l ef t t. o a cce t
h o us ekeepi nr, , t o m ove o ut o f t own o r t o
t he r ecords t h ree p er s on s. j ust " left".
f ;O
ern pl oy. !e nt , t o s e t
t o j ai l ; a nd a c co rdi ng t o
I n t he :T1:1jo r it y o f c a s e s, n o
r eason f or l eaving w as r ecorded.(lb)
Al!r.ghouse p opulat i o_c, - -
The p opulat i ofl f J uc: t u at e d b ut
!~r a.d uCJ. l ly
i rcreased u ntil i t r eached i ts p eak o f 9 1 o ccu p ar:t s d urirp t he monthl5 o f
F' t"!bruary, 1 '-'arch, A pril a nd D ecember o f 1 900 . ( l ? )
T hi s a pp ears t o h ave
b t"!e !l t he a lltime h ip;h i n Broadview 1 s p o p ulation 'ni th 8 1 a c l ose
1 918 . ( 1 8 )
s~cond
ir
The p opulation c urve b etween t he y ea.r s 19 51 a nd 19 61 f luctuate d ,
f or t he m ost p art, b etween 4 0 a rd 50 r eside r ts w it .h a s li g ht r i s e d urir g
t he y ear l 95 B .(l9)
At t he b eginring o f J une 1 96 2 , t here we re 16 p erson s
s till t o b e pllii.Ced e lse\olhere.
The a L11shouse w as n ever f illed t o i ts s ta '.. ed c apacity o f 1 5 0 p ers ons;
( 20 )
· t he a verage m onthly p opulatior. f or t he y ear s 1 3 94-1'10 0 w as a s
f ollows:
( 15 )
S ee T able I V 1 p . 4 2.
( 16) A lmshouse R ecord s , C . o f D. dr. d Alms h ouse R eco r d Broad vie\ol
F 'arn1, G eor g e P . Foo._ e S upt. 1907 .
( 1 7 ) S ee Gro.ph I , p . 4 4. Based O P t h e nurnber· o f o cc upant s a s s hown
o n T able V wh i ch w as c alculat ed f ro m Alrr s ho u se l e d ee r i r. < hich ad! i ss ion
e n tr i es b egin w ith ~' eb. 1 894 d es p ite r eports o f State Chariti es J oard,
1 R94 anci 1 895, t h•t t he a lmshouse d id n ot o pen u rtil !'-' ovPJnber 1 89 4. T he
Danbury r ews, Y ovember 2 8 , 1 8 94 a lso r eportPd t h a t t he n e \1 a.L1·.s house " • •• i s
now f irished a nd r eady f or o ccupancy". ( See ,,pp en d ix I V)
( 1 8)
S ee G raph I I, p. 68.
( 1 9)
I bid.
( 2 0) ~bury, Conn~cticut ( Tovm) A nr.ual Renort. o f t he 3 oard o f
S electmen y ear e ndin g S ep tember 1 5, 1 893. p . 9 .
- 29-
Y ear
A verage No. o f O ccupants
1394
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
23
50
57
69
79
79
88
M ain1enance o f B roadview F arm
~ ost
o f b uildinP.:--
The c ost o f t he a lmshouse was a lways a m atter
o f c ontroversy; .J.nd o bjections t o i t were v oiced by v arious g roups o f p eople o r s eparate o ccasions.
F or i nstance, i t had been v oted a t a town m eet-
ing t o b uild t he a lmshouse f or an amount n ot t o e xceed $30,000;( 21 ) b ut a ccording t o t he r eport o f a s pecial c ommittee i t h ad c ost $75,000. (
22
)
I n t he a nnual r eport f or t he y ear e nding S eptember 1 5, 1 894
s electmen Henry B ernd, L evi K. M ansfield, a nd A lexander T urner h ad t his
t o s ay i n r egard t o t he Almshouse:
I t i s n ot o ur p urpose t o ' throw mud' o r i n anyway c ensure o ur
p redecessors, b ut we a re c onstrained t o make e xplanations j,n r egard
t o t he neH a lmshouse, i n o rder t hat t he p eople may f or t hemselves
p roperly p lace any c riticism t hey may f eel d isposed t o e xpress. I n
t he f irst p lace t he new a lmshouse w ill c ertainly p rove t o b e v astly
:norc e xpensive t han t axpayers a nticipated when t hey v oted t o b uild
i t. The c ost o f r unning i t w ill b e v ery g reat, e ven w ith t he e xerci 3e o f t he most r igid ecorlomy. And e ven t he i nstitution i tself i s
t o c ost a ~reat d eal rnore t han i t was e xpected t o. At a s pecial town
m eetin g i t was v oted t o a ppropriate $ 30,000. f or a new a lmshouse. I t
i s o ur op:Lnlon t hat a lmost e very t axpayer who v oted t o make t hat a ppropriation d id s o b elieving t hat t hat sum would b uild a nd e quip t he
a lmshouse. {.fhether t hey w ere i ntentionally d eceived o r n ot 1 i s n ot
f or t his b oard t o s ay. But i t i s c ertain t hat t he p lans s ubmitted
a.nd a ccepted c alled f or an amount a lmost e qual t o t he a ppropriation.
1
/Je h ave kep~ t he c ost o f c onstruction w ithin t he amount s et a side by
( :? l ) D anbury, C onnecticut, D anbury, C onnecticut Town R ecords, V ol. 6 ,
p . 2 77.
( 22) D. F.. Loewe, e t. a l., R eport o f t he S pecial Committee on Town
P oor o f t he Town o f D anbury, 1 899, D anbury, C onnecticut, ~1 ews Book and
Job Pr i nt, 1900. p. 21.
•
- 30-
t he town f or i t. The b are 'tl'a.lls o f t he b uilding w ould b e o f no u se
w ithout a de,:Juate eq uipment. At t his w riting i t i s i mpossible t o t ell
j ust how many t housands o f d ollars w ill b e a bsolutely n ecessary t o
compl ete t he w ork. The b est we c an do i s t o make a few e xplanatory
r emarks a nd a sk t he t axpayers t o l ook a t t he figur~s t hat w ill be
p resented l ater, f or f urther i nformation • ...
,ve t hink a c omfortable a lmshouse c ould h ave b een b uilt w here t he
o ld h ouse s t ands, a t a c ost n ot t o e xceed o ne-half o f t he new o ne.
The new a lmshouse i s one which e very c itizen o f Danbury may w ell f eel
p roud, b ut i t w ill b e p ride t hat m ust be p aid f or o ut o f t he h ard
ear ~ ed money o f t he a lready o ver-burdened t axpayers.
The view f rom
t he ne~'i a lmshouse i s m agnificent, b ut i n w inter t he p oor, d ecrepid
i nmates, i n t heir weak and d ebilitated s tate, t heir f rames f eeble
from t he r avag es o f t ime and d isease and s hivering f rom t he c hill
b lasts t hat m ust sweep unbroken r emorselessly o ver t he h ill-tops,
w ould much p refer t hat t heir h abitation w ere i n a more s heltered s pot
w here t hey c ould t ake e xercise i n s uch w •nnth a s may b e g enerated i n
t heir f rail a nd i nfirm b odies by a w inter s un. I t was a g rievous
e rror t o p lace t he new a lmshouse on t he t op o f a h ill, w here i t w ill
b e p ractically i mpossible f or t he i nmates t o t ake o utdoor e xercise
d urin g t he v ery c old s easons. What do t hey c are f or a f ine view i f
i t b e o btained a t t he s acrifice o f warmth and comfort~ But o ur work
was mapped o ut f or u s and t he b uilding b egun by o ur p redecessors a nd
we h ad no o ption b ut t o l end o urselves t o t he consummation o f t he
g reat b lunder. ( 2 3)
1
Current e ;
n ses.--
members o f a s pecial
Further comments were e xpressed i n 1 899 qy
t h at t he e xpense a t t he a lmshous e was h igh,
corr~ittee
"whet her y ou compare i t w ith t hat i n i nstitutions o f t he same k ind i n o ther
p la ces, o r w ith t he c ost o f m aintaining a f amily."( 24)
The c ost o f w eekly
b oard p er p erson was s ai d t o be $3.35 o r $ 1.54 h igher t han i n t hirteen
l ar ge c ities w ith w hich i t was c ompared.
mittee made s evera1
~u gg estions
The members o f t he s pecial com-
a s t o ways i n w hich almshouse e xpense c ould
b e r e d uced; o ne o f which was t )iat f amilies who w ere d ependent on t he t own
f or p oo r r eli ef s hould b e p laced i n t he a lmshouse.
They a r gued t hat:
Our b uilding w ill e a3ily a ccomodate o ver o ne h undred ( 100) i nmates. I t i s warmed, l ighted, managed and c ared f or a s t hough e very
o ne o f i ts rooms were f ull.
( 23 ) p anbury, CoPnecti cut (Town)
1 5, 1 894. p . 4 .
An n ~al
Rep ort, y ear endi ng Sept.
( 24) l.oewe, e t. a l., Re por't o f S pecial C ommittee, p . 2 0.
- 31-
The e xpense f or inter~st on i nvestment, r epairs, s alary, f uel,
l ight, e tc., would be b ut l ittle more i f t here were one hund re d i nmates i nstead o f f orty-seven (47 ) . (25 )
T h..,ir s uggestion v1as recommer.ded o nly a y ear a fter t he p olicy o f
p lacing w elfare f amilies i n t he o ld a lmshouse h ad b een h arshly c riticized
a nd d escribed i n t his way:
I n 1 89e Danbury was k eeping i n t he o ld a bandoned a lmshouse a
nwnber o f p oor f d.!nilies, ur~ der t he c laiJn t hat t he law d id n ot a pply
t o i t. The s anitary c ondition o f t he p lace \.;as a ppallir.g a nd many
o f t he a dults w ere o f t he w orst c haracter. Yet t hese f amilies a nd
t heir c hildren w ere a llowed t o r emain t here r ent f ree a nd s upported
i n p art by Town o rders. F our f amilies h ad b een r esi den ts t here f or
t hree y ears a nd u pwards. I n t he s ix f amilies t here w ere 25 c hildren
r anging i n a ge f rom 5 months t o 14 y ears, J o f whom h ad b een b orn i n
t he p lace. ( 26)
One c an n ot h elp w ondering i f H r. Loewe, Chairman o f t he Special
C ommittee, a nd h is c owmittee members would h ave s ugg ested t he same m ethod
o f r educing " Poor R elief" e xpenses h ad t hey b een a ware o f t he d ifficulties
t hat had b een e ncountered when f amilies w ere p reviously s upported i n t he
a l.rnshouse.
V arying " Qresentations o f c ost.--
~eports
o f almshouse e xpenses
v ary s lightly d epending upon t he c lassifications u sed t o i dentify e ac h i tem.
The f ollowing t ables, e ach b ased on a. d iffe rent r eport, w ill i llustrate
t hi s p oint.
a ) f{ eport o f State Soard o f Charities ( 2 7 )
r.
r -~-8 ~ 4 J ~ 9 5 r
18 9 3
-
; ,619 .00
1
18
~
( a)
( a)
j 8,885 . 0 ~ -·-
; ;J
(a)
1
18 9 1
.._I 8 9 8
18 9 9
19 oo
I
~ - ----- ~----- -+=---~~~
~
~
( a)
No r eport f or t his y ear
8- ,5~9 o_ _,___<a_
o
_ )_
7 , 816.00!
!
( 2 5) I bid.
(2 6) Capen,
U~7)
p.
421.
Connec_!,_
ic_!.l_t: Public DoctUnents " Report o f :l ta.te B oard o f Ch ar ities
f or y ears 1894
throug ~ ~
1 900''.
- 32 -
b)
SDec ial Committee ( 28)
18 9 4 ;
1----- - - - - j
A l mshouse
1----- --
1 895
;
.5
- - f---
1 896
I
~
-
j
6 , 213.80 1 7 ,579 .0 2 1 6 ,B050e '
- -- - : --
I
1 897
- ~$
-
-
7 ,711.81
-- ·
1 898
1 899
$
7 ,695 . 42
8 , 2 04.21
8 2 438
-·
3 7 9 . 1a
-
--~
.
l mprove-
3 2 ,1 9717
m en t s
1 8, 7 83 .2 2 1
3 90 . 11
9 31.11
I
'I
~
T OTAL
c)
An,nua.~
-
t
46708 :
O l d A lmshouse
$ 26,829 .32
3 9, 0 10. 97
2 26 . 69
-
----
-
1 6970
1 0 7.94
i $-8, ;;~2 ;$ ;, -~;;~ 4
7 ,421 . 98
43 . 13
-
I _,
8
~ 2 6 . 52
1
2
R ePOrts o f Boord o f S electmen ( 9)
1894
1 895
.~---
1 896
,~
----
Town F orm
6 ,213 . 80
I-- - -1- --
.(
8 ,884.90
-
.-
I897
7 ,195 . 29
-
-
t--
.#'
8 ,642 .92
-
~ 8~ ~
I_
I 8 9 9_
-~ _ ,
. $'
8 ,5 19.80
8 ,583 .39
I
- - - t - - - - - - ·-
.. - -
I mprovements
a nd
32,797.17
1 17,944 . 42
N ew A lmshouse
O ld A lmshouse
I
1
T OTAL
I
•
_____ I
• - --
j _ _____________
= -~--2 2 6 ~9 I
--' -
-
--
-
1 2 6,829.32 " 7,421 . 98 1
. 739.010 . 97
4
1 69 .70
1 07. 94
-- T - 8 ,812.6 2
8 ,627.74
-
43 . I 3
~
.
--
8 ,626 .52
TOTAL 10\-JH EXPENSES AS REPCR'IED BY SEIECTI·EN ( 30)
1 8 94
1 895
7 172, 525 . 34 i$ 1 7-;~ o . 1 o
1 896
1 898
_____
1 897
., i' l io ,93o~99i-'zo0,49B-. 76
I
______,,~
'-'148,797. 37
1 89 9
- -· -
155 ,7 22 9 1
ffiRCEliT OF ALl-SHOUSE EXPENSES 1'0 TOTAL TOWN EXPENSES (31)
1
1 894
1 !---- - 2 3%
18 9~ ____ 18_~6
1 897
1 5 . 5%
4 .4%
5 . 3%
1
-
1898
5 .8%
~99 _ ___ 1 900
5 . 5%
4 . 9%
1 ihile t he d ifferences a re n ot e xcessive t hey o ffer v aried i nterpret..1.tions o f a lms o use c osts.
Some r eports l ist t he c ost o f iml_:n"ovements
a nd r epsd.rs a s s epu-ate i terns l 1hile o thers combine t he t wo.
The R eports
o f t he S ta te B oard o f C:r.a.ri t ies, o mit t he c ost o f i mprovements a nd show
.
(28) Loewe, e t. a l., R eport o f S~cial C ommittee. p
6.
(2 9) Danbu:r'' C onnecticut (Town) A nnual R eports o f t he Boord o f
S e lectmen l 892?9"i- l@/o5.
(30) D anbury , C onnecticut (TCMn) A nnual R eports.
(31) P arcentae es w ere c alculated b y u sing t he
try the Se lec tmen f ar the years lB:.t+ through 1899.
- 33-
e xpenses a s r eported
o nly t be a.m our.t s pent f or J .lmshouse s upport b ut n ot t he a mount s pent f or
c ap itd. l i n v est ment o r t he a mount o f r e irnbursements.
C'( ar ely : tre r ecei r-- ts f rom F arm p roducts o r r eceipts f rom g overnme nt r el. mbursemeJ'ts d educted f rom t he a mount o f e xpendi t ures t hat a re
r e po rted.
I n ot h er w ord s, e ven t hough r eceipts a nd e xpenditures a re l isted
w ithin t he r eports, t here i s no i tem c lassified a s t he t otal n et e xpense
o f t he a lm shou se .
~' h e
s elect.rr:er, o ffer t he f ollowing explanation s f or s everal e xpenses
t hat w ere c l ass i f i ed a s i mp ro vements o r r epairs:
~·h e r e h as b e en 3orne comment b ecause a wni ;·gs w ere p laced o ver
s om e o f t he v
Jir.d ows o f t he new A lms House. P erhaps we s hould e xplain
t hat t he a wnings w ere p laced o nly or. t he w indows o f t he t wo h os p ital
r ooms a.nd t he a pa r tme nts o f t he s uperintendent. T he windows a re o n
t he west s ide o f t he b uilding a nd t here a re n o b linds o r o ther p rot ecticn ag ~ ir: st t he b lazing s u n d urin g t he sununer m onths. As a r ule
• he i nmates o f t he h os p ital a re o ld p eop le a nd t hey s uffer m ore f rom
t he h eat a nd g lare of t he s un t han y ounger p eople w ould u nder s imilar
c o n dition s . ( 32 )
T he e xpense o f t he A lmshouse f or t he p ast y ear s eems a t f irst
g lar.ce t o b e e xceedi ngly h i gh . I t i s t rue t hat t he t otal a mount
e xpen ded i s c o nside rab ly more t han l ast y ear, b ut i t h as n ot b een
s pent f or t he r unning e xpenses o f t he i nstitution a lone. v: e w ere
a dvised b y men c onversant w ith s uch m atters t hat i t wa s a bsolutely
n ecessary t o t ake t he ~1ater t anks o ut o f t he A .lJnshouse. T he f loor
h ad s ettled u nder t he t anks 5 l /2 i nches f rom t heir w eight. T he
r ep i r e xp en s e o f t he g as e n g ine a n d pump s eemed t o b e a n u nnecessary
wast e of money a nd we d eci de d t o p ut i n a w ind m ill a nd w ater t ank.
T hi s imp rovement w as made a t a n e xpense o f $ 1, 888 . 08 . l/Je f eel
s atis fied a nd b elieve y ou w ill, t hat i n t he e nd i t w ill p rove a w ise
m ove. As a c onsequence o f t he s ettling o f t he w alls t he p lastering
h ad c racked a nd i n many p lace s e ntirely f allen o ff, i t b eing n ecessary
i .n s ome r ooms t o e ntirely r eplaster t hem. T his e xpens e a ppears u nder
t he h ead o f r e pair s , b ut i t i s a n extraordir~ary o ne a nd we d o n ot
t hink i t s hould b e i ncl ud ed i n c onsidering t h e r unning e xpe nses . I t
a.m ou r: ts t o a bo ut $ 350 .00 . ( 33)
~ )nly
a y e ar a fter t he 'l'lindrn.ill w as b uilt t he s e lectmen r eported
( 32) D·n bury , Connecticut ( Towr,)
1 5 , 1895 , p . 7 .
n nual Heports, Ye ar e nd ing S ep t .
( J J ) I bid . y ear e nding 1 9 01, p p. 7 , 8 .
- 34-
t .hat:
The Almshouse e xpense h as b een h eavier d uring t he y ear t han i t
was d uring t he y ear p revious. D uring o ne o f t he s torms o f t he w inter
t he w indmill blew down a nd w e w ere o bliged t o e rect a new o ne i n i ts
p lace, ( 34)
A ctivities
T here i s l ittle s aid b etween 1 894 and 1 900 a bout t he i nmat es o r
t heir a lmshouse a ctivities o ther t han a n o ccasional m ention.
I t was r e-
ported 'uy t he State Boar d o f Charities t hat t here w ere a c ertain num
ber
o f a ble b odied womer who h elped w ith t he
housekeepi~g
and t he k itchen
work and a few mer. who h elpe d w ith t he l ight f arm w ork,
s ervices w ere c or.ducted i n 1 898 u nd er t he a uspices o f t he
i \1eekly
r eligious
\>.~ omen 1 s
Temper-
ar,ce Union(35) a nd l ater b y t he town c lergymen who g ave o f t heir t ime on
.
.
.
a r o t a t l ng b as1s.
The
( 36 )
al~shouse
c ontinued t o s erve Danbury f or a nother s ixty-two
y ears a nd a lthough i t r epeatedly r eceived p raise f or i ts c om
fort a nd
e f f lcien cy t he t axpayer s c or.tinued t o s earch f or a " better and c heaper"
way t o p rovide f or t he poor.
( 34 ) I bid. y ear e ndi ng 1 902, p . 6 .
( 35) Conn ecticut "P ublic Do cument s , p . 2 61.
( 36) P er Yl r. J oseph Walker, Fo r mer Supe rintendent o f Broadview.
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TABLE I
A DMISSIONS
,-
S HEET 3
TO
of 4
t.
8 R OADV l EW F AR-M, DAf:'jBURY, CONNECT I C Ur
ACCORDING TO AGE A T n ME OF A DMISSION
S HOWING SEX A ND P LACE O F B IRTH
: 8 · 4 - 1900 '
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B ROAD VIEW F A RM, D A N.B URY 1 CONNECT ! C UT
TABLE
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S HEET 4 o f 4
ACCORDIN G T O AG E A T T I ME OF A DM ISSI O N
S H OWIN G S EX A ' D P L A CE OF 8 i R\T H
! 894 - 1900
T O T 4L
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9_!'
- 39-
TABLE I I
A DMISSIONS
TO
B ROADVIEW F ARM, D ANBURY, C ONNECTICUT
A CCORDING TO A GE
A T T IME O F A DMISSION
1 894-1900
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TABLE
TII
NUHBER OF INFIRM ADM
ISSIONS
1894-1900
A
ccording t o t he number o f t imes e ach i nfirmity was l isted
(
I nsane
Consumpti on and
Lung T rouble
Lameness
Rheumatism
S ick
S prained Ankle
Old Age
P aralized
S ore Foot
S ore Leg
H eart T rouble
Shock
Sore Head
Asthma
Bad H
and
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18
17
13
5
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3
3
3
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2
2
2
1
1
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II
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F ever and Ague
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II
F inger
11
Hand
1
Based on Almshouse Records
-41-
1
1
1
1
1
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1
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1
1
TABLE :OZ:
B ROADVIEW F ARM- DANBURY, C ONNECTICUT
TERMINATIONS
1 894 - 1900
s
E AT H
D
R EASONS
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A RE
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l O TH ER
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T HE
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IN
A L V ISHOUSE
5
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T O O TH ER I NSTITUTIONS I NCLUDES:
F OLLOWING:
I
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I
25 i 7
D ROPSY
G RIP
D IABETES
SU ICID E ( hangin g)
R I CKETS
I
F EMALE
M ALE
M ALE
M ALE
I 8 95
1 897
1 898
M ALE
CH ILDR EN'S
F OUNDLING
H OSPITAL
I 8 95
H OME
HO-ME
I 8 99
I NSANE
2
R ETREAT
r
Ba s e d
1 898
1 90 0
1895
1 6 96
1 696
F EMALE
M ASONIC H OME
S OLDIER'S H OME
( bl
M ALE
F EMALE
F EMALE
F EMALE
F E M.ALE
I
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M A LE
M ALE
M ALE
MA L E
M ALE
#
O R F OSTER H OME I NCLUDES:
TO
H USBAND
TO
M OTHER
TO
H OME O F F R I EN D
H OUSEKEEPING
M ARRI E 0
1 898
1898
No d at e
18 9 8
1 89 6
1 89 7
W H ERE O NL Y T HE W ORD M IDDLETOWN A PPEARED
W I TH O UT S PEC I FIC R EFERENCE T O I NS ANE
R ETR E AT T HE T E R M INA T ION I S L IST E D U NDER T HE
H EA DING
' O THER T OWNS'
o n l l l rn s ho u se R ec o rd , C . o f D .
I nst i t ut e d b y
M atthew W. S cott
M 'ch I , 1893
a
A lmsh ou se R e cord
B r oad view F orm , G eorge P. F oote, S upt . 1 907.
- 42-
OR
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2
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CHAPTER I II
'B ROADVIEW F ARM: 1 900•1962
R ecords A vai..l abl' e
A lmshouse r eco_ . -rds
Reference a lready h as b eer. made t o c ert ain
c onditions o f B roadview F arm t hat e xisted d uring t he p eriod
follmdnf~
1 900; b ut t he t ype o f a nalysis t hat w as made f or t he p eriod 189 4-1900
c an n ot b e a ttempted f or t he t wentieth c entury, ( exc~pt f or t h e p eriods
f rom . January 1 900 t o A pril 1 2, 1 908( l ) a nd f rom S ept e mber 2 ?, 1930 t o
F ebruary
6 , 1 951)( 2 ) b ecause t he a lmshouse r ecords f or t he l atter p eriod
a re n ot c onsistent w ith t hose o f t he p receding o ne a nd a re l acking i n
i r.formation t hat i s p ertinent t o s uch a n a nalysis.
I n 1907, f or i nstance, a n a dditional l edge r was u sed f or t he
l isting o f a dmissions a nd t erminations.
T he name a nd
histo~r
o f e ach
p erson who w as i n t he a lmshouse a t t hat t ime w as t ransferred t o t he nev(
l edger, o ne n ame t o a p age; s ubseq uent e ntries w ere r ecorded o n t he p a.ge
b earin g t he n ame o f t he p erson t o whom t he i nform a tion w as r el a ted. ( 3)
T his t ype ? f r ecord m akes a vailable, a t a g lance, t he a lmshouse h iatory
o f e ach i nmate b ut i t i s n ot e a s ily a dapted t o a s tudy o f a lmshouse
p op ulation m ovement.
From 1 907, a nd u ntil A pril 1 2, 1 908 , b oth l edg ers w ere u sed c on(l) Almsh ouse Records, C. o f D ., pp . 42 -110.
( 2 ) I bid., p p. 322 -406.
( 3 ) Almshouse Records, F oote.
- 45-
c u rr ent ly;
th~re
i s a larF.;e gap i n t he c hronological e ntries b ecause a n
e ntry on p ag e 1 10 o .f t he ,\Lilshouse Records. C. o f D . d ated A .pril 1 2,
1 908 , a ppears t o b e t he l ast c hronological e ntry u ntil September 2 7,
1 930 ( pa~e 322 ) rlhen t he c hronological method was r esumed and c ontinued
t o b e u sed up t o S eptember 1 2, 19 57.
Th is w riter four:d t hat t he method u sed f or making e ntries i n t he
i llrn shouse Hecords, C . o f D. f rom A pril 1 2, 1 908 t o S eptember 2 7, 1 930
r e sult ed i n a mishmash o f i nformation, some o f w hich would b e u seful t o
t .Lis s t udy i f t he t ime f or d eciphering i t was n ot l imited, b ut t oo much
o f i t i s e ither· i ncorr:plete o r i n s uch a s tate o f d isorder t hat i t c ontributes n othing t o t he a nalysis.
O
verlappin g o f a lmshouse r ecords o ccurs a gain f or t he p eriod 1951195 7.
~.' e1
O s et f or t hat p eriod on1y i s on f ile i n t he o ffice o f t he Town
ne
f a re D epartment, City H all, D arbury, Connecticut.
The o ther s et, b e-
g irr inR w ith 1 894 a rd e nding w ith 1 957, i s a t t he Danbury Scott F anton
M
useum , Da nbury, Con recticut.
U nfortunately, t hese r ecords d id n ot r einforce e ach o ther; r ather
t he y d isagr e ed i n t he nu."fl.ber o f a dmissions a nd t erminations t hat w ere
list.~d.
They a ls o d isagreed w ith t he same i tems a s r eported a nnua lly b y
t he Board o f Selectmen.(4)
A nnual r eports o f t he Board o f S electmen.--
Annual r eports o f
t he Board o f S electmen i nclude a r eport o f t he Town Farm by t he Superintendent o f t h e Farm a rrl a r eport o f a ll Town e xpenses.
S electmen's
r eports f or t he y ears 1892/3 -19 04/05 a re on f ile a t t he New York P ublic
L ib r a ry K>.nnex; t hose f or t he y ears 1 909-1962 ( excluding 1 931, 1 945, 1946 ,
( 4) S ee T ables VI, VII, a nd V III, p p. 6 5-67 f or v arying a ccounts
o f p opul ation movement.
- 4 6-
1 947 , 1 948, a nd 1~9) a re o n f ile a t t he Danbu:ry Pub li c L i hr
y ; a d up-
lica te s et f rom 1 950 t hrough 1962 i s o n f ile i n t he Comptr o ller's Off ic e,
Da n bury C ity Ha ll, Danb ury, C onnecticut ,
'These a r e r epor ts o f t ho n ctiv-
itias t ha t were t mder t he j uriadictiorJ. o f t he s elec tmen f or e-:tch f i scal
y ear.
VI~
Town F a rm e xpenses ( Table VT, p. 6.5) a nd po pula tion c ount ( Table
p . 66) h ave b een e xt.racted f rom
t l10
s e lectmen's r eports f or u se i n
t h is J:8 p er .
I f t he r ea d er comp>.res t he f igm.·es t hat a ppear i n T ables \FII
a nd V III, p p. 66, 67, h e "t.Jill n o doubt. q oostion t heir a ccurac y.
th
t ables s how t r. e aJJnsho UBe p o puln.t.ion c ount f or t he y ear s 19.51-1962.
E ach h as b een c hecked t o
i ts o ri g inal a otn'ce;
y e t t he ;y d o n ot n cr e .
The Al.mshol.J;§e R ecord, C. o£ D. w as u sed a s a d oub le c heck b ut t hi s s uoceeded o nly i n p roviding t he \o.Jri t er ' d t h a t hird popuJ.ation c ount.
F ar
i nstance, i n 1 952, a ccording t o t he aL"11Shouse r ecords t ha.t cu• e l oca ted
i n t he W elfare O ffice
E.t t h e C ity Ha ll i n D anbury, t her e ,.Jere 32 a dmis-
si ons t o t he a lms house; t ho b oard o f s electmen r e ported 2 9 a dmis sions
f or t he saroo y ear; a nd t he l ed ger f ound a t t ho a lms ho UBe J:">..o. s 30 p..a.mes
l is ted a s a dmissions d uring t he yon. r 19.52 . (5)
i.fe c an o nly g uess a t t he r ea son f or the::;e discrepc1.nci es; hO\os ever,
i t i s p ossible t hat e rrors w ere m:1.de, e ither i n r epor tinc o r i n c opy i ne
t ,h e number s
a s e videnced i n a n e rror Tll[J.de i n a p ublis h ed c opy of t h o
Re port o f t he Board o f S electmen f crt' t he y our ondi ne J uly 1 . 1 938 .
The s t a ti s t ics shOt..Jing t e p opulation co1.mt f or t hat
w ith t hose t hat
l -1ore
tl.r~.-
( I~)
i dent ic-:-:.1
r epor ted f or t he p r·cvio us y ea r e ndLt;_:: ( 7/1/ 37).
H her eas, t he r e port <maine 7 /J/38 sh ou~d sl1eJ.v t ha t t J.1 ere w ere 37 m a nd
en
(5) J\l.rashouse R ecords, C. o f D., p p. 4 1 0- 4 12.
( 6) S e e A ppendix IV, pp. 84 , 85.
- 47-
17 vJ omen i n t h e a l lllBh o use a t t he 'oor;in.nin,::; o f J uly 1 , 1937 r:J. t ' c T t .h:m
t ho ho men o.nd 1 8 women a s shCAm.
o f a ll p ublic i nst:itu.tion.s w as n ade p eriodicallJ'
y ear s b;,' t h e S tate B oard o f Ch.< trities.
.
Q Q.•mecticut PLJ.blic Doc!J.!lle.nJi.§. \·lllich
o.r ~:;
L ibrar y a nd a t t iw C ity I lall, D anbur y ,
t'J.n~
ro?OI" t ec c vor y iM o
T hese r e:rm'"i:.2 ar e i !!. clude d i n
o n f ile ~t t he :C..'ri d:3eport P ut lic
Conr~o c t icut.
S ta t e Cha r :l. i e s
:c~e--
r.JC fou..rill. i n t hese v olw::cs t mdcr t he t itle "Re por t o f Co e ct ic ut
:xxrts ma y
d o n ot k a.: " !hethor a lmshouses c on ti nued t o b<3 r c; ported b y S tate Char iti es
B oards a fter 1 920 o r w ere 1 9.ter r eported b y \1e lfn.r e
de rxn~tments
b ecaus e I
h ad n o o pportunity t o r ead C mmecticut Publ:i.,c Doc cune nt§. f urther t ha n t e
y ear 1 920 .
However, t here a re i nd icntions t hat
~1 h en
: l.t b e ca me n e c es so.ry,
7
i n 1 93.5 , t o e s tablis h S ocial S ervice I:e rnrtments ( ) a lmshouses n ay h a ve
be en r epat'tcd u nder P ublic \ lelfare a r c.. s ir.liln.r t itle.
I n r eg-..: r d t o t be
TO'iln F arm, f ar a nyone "Wishing t o c ontinuo t his r ese.:uch p roj Gct , n ore i nfarrmtion i s r eported i n a ll of' t he a bove m ention ed r eports t han I h ave
u sed i n t his p :tper s uch a s: i temized e xpenses, d es cription o i' r op:tiTs a nd
L npt'over1ents, a nd c rop y ields.
:Q.a.nbury Town R ecords.-V ol. 7 , p .
345,
Town r ecords f rom 1.Tol. l , 1 749 t lrrou.gh
1 903, w ere o. v aluable s ource f ar" Tow n Fa.rm i nforrrntion
b ut s ubsequent Town r ecords rl.El.ve n ot b een r ead f or t his r a per.
a vailable i n t he Town C lerk's O ffice, a t t ho C ity I hll,
D anbury n ewsrnoors. - -
Several n e\-Js:rapcrs t hat
Danb u:r ~r ,
~.:erG
T hey a re
Co nnecticut.
p llblis hc d i n
D anbury d uring t he n ineteenth c entury a re o n f ile a t t he D anbury P ublic
( 7) D anbury, C onnecticut, A nn49.l Repor_t o f t he IJo!;rd o f S electmen
f ar t he y ea:r e ndigp: J une 30, 1 935. p . 4. u • •• t he r equir e e nts o f t he F .E.
R. A. made n ecessary t he e stablishment o f o ur S ocial S ervice De rnrtment . ... "
- 4 8-
L ibrary.
Th e e d i t aria ls a nd o ther a rt i cl es p ublished t herein r evoa.l p ub-
lie a tt i tude s a nd f a ctu.':l.l d a ta i n r egard t o t he Tow n F arm .
l ater p ubli-
ca ti ons ( 1 94 .5 - 1962) c a rr y b udget r eq uests a nd/ or a ppropriat i o ns a s a ppr o ved by t he B oard o f Se l ec tmen i n -hy of e a ch y ea r.
The a ppr o priat i ons
a re omi tte d f rom t his r epor t b ut t he ex pel d i t ure a a r e i nc lu.ded.
A creage
V arying acco,rnrts o f Town F arm a cr eage . --
Change s i n t he a mount
of Tow n F arm a cr e age rra.y be t raced b y 11J9. ki ng a t h oro ugh s earch o f t he D anb ury L and Re c ord s w hi ch a re o n f i l e i n t h e O ffic e o f t he Tow n C lerk, C ity
Ha ll, Da nb ury, Conne cti c ut .
A s uper fic ia l s ear ch r e Yools t ha t t h e t own
n~ o.~ns 4 4 . 42 a cres o f Tow n F arm p roperty ( f or
t ax p ur pos e s) b ut \ Jhen we
a dd 1 6.4 a cres o f r oad f r on ta ge t o t his, t he s i z e o f t he Town Farm i s
6 0 . 82 a cr es , o nly 1 2. 18 a cres l ess t Jmn t h e n umber o f a cr es p ur J.ased
f rom Geor ge Wh ite i n 1 8 68 .
(8)
On s evera l o c casi ons, s ug ge sti ons h a d b een m de t o a e ll p9.r t o f
t he l and f or b ui ld L g l ot s, o r f ar a plU'poee , t o b e d e ci e d b y t he s ele c tmen~
t o b e i n t he b es t i n terest o f t he t own.
S t~ge s tions
h ad a lso b een
llBde t o p ur chase a d i t iona l p roper ty a nd i n 18 99 t he po licy of p ur chasing
s tand ing \lood a nd h av in :': i t c ut b y n eedy p er s ons \ las a do pted. ( 9)
T oday,
H:1. y, 1 965, The Danb ur y Hospi ta l a nd t he L ion' s Club P la ygrotmd s tand o n
a crea ee t ha t lol a a o ri g ina lly Town F ar m p roperty.
Toda y, o n Hoe p i t a l A venue,
t here a re s evera l p rivat e dwe llings o n p roperty 'W hic h ma.y o r may n ot have
b een p u- t of t he
73 a cr es t hat 'Were p ur cha sed
by t h e Town i n 1 868.
W hat
( 8) I nterview with Nr . Ed'Ward l"e l vi n, A ssess or's O ffi ce , C i t y
H all, D anbury , Connec ticut.
..
( 9) Danb ury, Conne cticut, Ann ual
( Year l 89? t p.
men Yrs , l82 2/2 "tl 204/o..z.
- 49-
R.efor t of
6
t he B oard o f S elect-
i s no..r H ospital Avenue was t hen a woodroo.d (1 0) t hat we nt } nat t he a lmshouse b ut I d o n ot lmow w hether t hat r oad f or m t he n artheas ter n b ound ed
ary o f t he Town Farm o r n ot.
R eports o:f Town Farm a ereage v ary, i n a w ide r ange, f rom 4o
a cres t o 1 00 a cres.
F or e xample: i n t he Town R ecords : far 1-hy 9, 1 868
a bout 73 a eree(ll) a re r eferred t o; i n 1 892,
18~,
1 896, a nd 1898 s tate
i nspectors r eported t hat U roadview \ las s ituated o n a bout 6.5 a cres, 69
a cres, 1 00 a cres, a nd 78 a cres r espectively. ( l2)
I n W ilc!on's H istgry o f
F ai;rfield C ounty, w hich w as w ritten i n 1 929, we r ead t hat t here w ere
a b out 90 a cres. ( l3)
O nly a t horough s earch o f t he l and r ecords \ fill p ro-
vide a v alid s ta tement i n r egard t o t he a creage o f. Town Farm p roperty.
T he B uilding
S tructural cha.nges.--
Additions t o a nd r emoval f rom t he s tructr-
ure i ncluded: t he r emoval o:f i ron l attice w ork f rom t he
t hat o riginally w ere u sed f or i nsane p ersons; (
14
vinda~e
o f r ooms
) t he i nstalling o f a
d oar b etween t he r ri va. t e h all on t he s econd f loor a nd t he r rnin
~rt
o f t he
b uilding; t he i nata.ll.ation o f a new b oiler; t he i nstallation o f a c omplete
s prinkling s ystem; e nlargement o f t he }4an ' s s moking room ( by t aking a c oe.l
b in a way); t he i nstalling o f b athroom f ixtures (7 o oth t ubs, 1 0 l avatories,
1 4 t oilets,
am
5 u rinals) J (JS) t he a ddition o f a l arge s oJArium a t t he
(10) I nterview 'With Mr. J oseph W alker, l hy 6 , 196.5.
( 11) Tcr!ln R ecordp, V ol. 4 , p . 456.
(12) C onpecticut f ublic
C harities."
Docante.
•Re}XXl"t o f s tato B oard o f
(13) L ynn W. W ilson_ H istm;y o f F airfield C ounty. C hieago,
H artford, S . J . C larke P Ublishing C o., 1 929. p. 550.
( 14) S ee d escription o f b uilding i n A ppendix V., p . 8 6.
(1.5) P art o f w ark d one b y C. W. A. i n 1934 a s r eported b y b oard
Isrn R epgrt. J,934. p . 15.
o f s electmen i n Annual,
- 50-
n orth e nd f or t he men; r e pla cement o f a c ool f ur na ce ' d t h o.n o i l b ltrner;
a nd t he i ns ta ll..'l t ion o f a new b ur ner i n 1 921 .
Durinc; ·· e s e c ond -wor ld
-w ar, -wh en t h e s p ply o f o il wa s l imi ted, t he a lmsho use on c•:'l
c oa l a s i ts s ource o f 1ea t.
w as r ei nstalled. (lG)
~;ai.·1.
s ed
I t \ol o. s i n 1 94 7 o r 1'748 t hat t lw o il b urner
D espi te c oo::1 h ea ti ng e quipme n t, t hE t op f loor w as
(1" )
n ever a dequately hea ted; ~ r
t here was o nl y o ne t h orntosb:,; f ar t be on tir e
'
wh i ch c ould n ut r e c: ub t e t he h eat t o accom:noda t <.: t h e n oons
b uildi
a rising i n a ll p 3.rts o f t he b uilding, e specially .:.s t he n oeds c hanc;ed
with t he c h::-lntr inc d ir e c i on o f t he tolind .
The h ill was s o c old a nd 1,o1i ndy
t hat " one tu.1.d t o p itch h a y a ccord:i.nt:; t o t he wa.y t he •.d nd ble'W. " (l B)
o th er a d ditions
~as
Ament:
t he c on struction o f a ' pest h ouse' t o b e u ood f ar p er ·
s ons t·li t h c ontagious d iseases.
I h av e n o t b een a bl e t o l ocate t he s ite
of ·t his b ui ldinc , e x c ept t o assLUue f rom r eadings t i'.at i t w as o n Town F arm
p r o perty.
R ewrta
o r o ther i nf<F :.."B. t ion r e garding s tructural c hanges s ee
~1
of t he Tow n C'.>electmen.
CorLd:l,ti on o;f t ho b ui1dir4:.--
From t.he t i.m£J i t
'l~as
b uilt, t he
b ui ldin;:; , r epor ted ly , 1,zas a model o ne, 1.- ell ma.n.:lt;ed, r .eat a nd c lean
1
'loJi t h
s uf fi ci en t f ood f ar t he i l1llla tes '.<J ho a ppe a red t o b e COD"J'cn:-t..a b l o a nd c o n-
t ented, ( l 9)
Howev er , by 1 921, t he S e loctn:on f otmrl t ho h ous e b adly i n n eed
o f r cr:a i.r a nd.bv.de t heir a ppea l f or f u.nd s b y s tatlnc t hE.t :
T here i a c onsider e. Ll e re:rairin 1 ~ w hich o ught t o b e d one t o t he
I ns t itution, b oth i ns ide a nd o ut, t he re a re some f loors t ha t a.:r e i n
b ad c ond iti on a nd f lhould b e r e-la id , a lso c e iling s i n s ome of t he
r ooms h ave f all e n o ff, tht1 ~ i nd aws n eed t o b e p uttied a nd wi nd ow
( 16) I nt.ervi6\ll w i.tl1 Nr . J ose p."' H alker, 1h.rc h 2 8 , 1965.
( 17) ThieL
( 18) I bid.
( 1 9) Connectic ut P ublic Documents, 1901-1920_, "Re port of S tat a
Board of' C
h.s.ri t i es 11 •
- 51-
f rames a nd s as h y:n inte d, t he c or · s h o f t he I ns tit ut i on s h o uld a lso
Th ere s ·ould b e n ew vJind ow s had s
t hro ueh out t he I ns tituti on. I n t he p riva te s ide s ome o f t he r o oms
n eed p aperi ne a nd t.."l e f loor s n eed m i nt ing , t hese t h inc s s h ould b e
d on e i f t he I na ti t ution i s t o be k ept t he way i t shoLLld b e.
b e p s.inte. a nd a ll t he wood:war k.
On t he far~ t l e f en ces a r e i n b ad c ondition, n oth i nr; l::a s b ee n
done t o t hem i n s ev eral y ears, t he y h ave b een p:<.tched u p u ntil i t i s
i mposs i ble ·to I n t ch t h er a nymar · , t here i s n othi ng t ha t c a n b e d one
t o t he m b ut t e
t hem o · t a nd b ui l d ne\<l f ences, i t i s a l.1'Jlo st i n p ossi bl e t o k eep a.ny i vestock o n t he f arm a s t hey c a n e et tfU' o ~~ch t he
f e nc es a.n;ywhere. ( 20)
L'i:rarove :ments a nd r emirQ..--
1hjor i mprove r.;ents i ncluded t he
·
p urchase o f new e q:lipmen t s L a s, t he p urchase, i n 1908, o f a
tch
net.~
bed-
2
s tead a nd b ed, " th e f irst s i n ce t he h o une w as b u.i1t 15 y ears a v o. " ( l)
Arn one o t e r rraj o r i mprovements we re r er.nirs t o t l1e h ouse i t seli s uch a s:
t he r csetti n ,7 o f doar- s, 'l.lir.dow r ep'iirs. p :tintine , v lirine , a new s teel
.
( 22)
f r a.JOO f or t he w indmill. and t he r emoval o:f' J .t i n 1 9}4.
A ltho ut;h
2
s ome r e:rairs w ere rm de oo.ch y ear ( 3) t ho b uildin g was b adl;y i n n ee d o f
m j ar r ep3. irs i n O ctober 191-15 1,J h en He. a nd i'·lrs. l !a.lker \ .!ere a ppointed
S uperint e nd ent a.nd i:·htron o f Broadvie\ol F arm.
l· !r. U alker 1 s f irst l nrze
r eque st wa s f or $ 2 , 3 00. 0 0 t o r ep3. ir l eak s i n t he r oof ' .lhich, a ccordint_: t o
Hr . Wa L\cer, s h ould h.c:"l.Ve b een r ep1ired l ong b efore h e becnme S uperi nte nden t.
He d iscovered t hat f L
mds f or r oof r erairs
h::~.d
b een a p prorzdated
e ver y y ear f or U·Jelve y ears b ut h a d n ot b een u sed f or t ba t p urpose.
In
mt!ci' t he s ame '~a y * 1, .500 had 'ooen a pproprie.ted, i n 1 933, f or f~·e e scape:::
----------------------------------------------------------------(20) Danbur y. C onnec t icut, Anm15l R eport o f B oard o f S electm •
e
Y_ear e ndi nn S e ntember 1 5. 1 921. p p. W -19.
( 21) lkmbur;,r, Connectic~T~n} A nnual R eports, Y ear e ndin[:'
S eptember 1 5. J. r;~ oB , p. 2 1.
( 22) I n 1934 t h e w iring¥ p 3..i nting a nd o ther wor k was d one u nder
t h e F e deral E.mer ee ncy Re lief Admi nistration. a ccording t o s ele c tmen i n
t heir r eport f or t he y ea 1934. p 1.5.
( 2 3) ~1 · eports o f S electmen f or y ears 1909-191-1 4: 1 951 -19 62.
R
· 52-
24
"'
l
rl
.
'
b t . •,a d n o t b e en a xpt=m::.e... f o r t h e.u l ns t a l lat1. 0n . ( )
r e ed f or f
~E th er
H=my r e:p:drs 'W c uld b e n-ec es a r y
r erairs , - -
t o m ke t he b ai ldinc us a.bl e a r,ain.
n CY..J
I t i s o f -wood c onstruction i ns i de , t h e
f loors ( a ccord ing t o Hr . vla lker) a re s ae c inr; , t here a re no f ir e e scape s o r
e le vator s, a nd t he s prinkler s ys t em \olould n eed r ep.:l.ir; t he n eed t o p lnster
a nd t o }
.J.Uin-::. i s qt.Li.t o e vid.ent; a nd s ome im:pr cvemc nt ".-J Ould h av e t o b e r mde
i n t e h e" t ing s ys te r:1 t o a s s ur e a dequate h ec.ti ng
tl~rou t:;hout
t he b ui l dipc, .
1'-lr. l:Ja lker e s tinntes t h e c ost o f r ernirinc; i t t o b e o xor b ita.nt
b u t i t '.J i ll p robab ly " cost a s much t o t eax t he b uilding down a s i t. d i d
t o b uild i t 11 ( 2 S) h e c la ims.
P opulation o f B roadview F arm: 1 900-1962
P opulation m ovement.-p oor r eliof(
A clu:J. ng e i n Danbury's s ystem o f o ut-door
26
) a f ter 1 899 m de r oo r.lS a t t he a l mshon se a vailabl e t o p er-
sons 'Wbo 'Were r eceivine o ut-d oer r e lief a nd "-- h ose r ents ·l'lere b ei ng r ai d
b y t he tO\om.
T iris c ha n 8'e r ed uce d t he amo'.lllt o f r e n ts t o b e p?-id b y t he
t own ( 2 7) a nd i n creased t he n wnber o f a lmshouse r esi d ents f or t he y eax 1 900.
I t i s d ifficult t o p lot a p opulation c urve f or Da nbur y ;s a bns-
h oUse dGring t he e arly n ine te en h undreds b ecause t he
a vai la. b le a re t oo " 'id e ly s ra ced i n t iroo t o i ndicate a
a nd/or d ischar g es.
fEJ~tl
f i g ur es t hat c.ro
:rn t tern
o f i nta.ke
A nother p roblem i s t hat t own a nd S tate r eports d iffer
i n t hoir p o pulat ion c o tmt;
The S tate's b ei ng t ho actu..<J.l coLIDt t aken o n
(24) A nnual R eoorts o f t he IlQa);:d o f S electmen. Year e ndine S eptem-
ber 15, 1933· p . 5.
( 2 .5) I nterview \ lit h N r. J ose ph W alker, l ·hrch 2 8, 196.5.
( 26) O utd oor p oor-relief i s p ublic a ssistance t o p ersons l iving
i n q uarters o ther t ha n t he a lmsho use.
A nnual Re
53-
t
o f Boord o f S e lect-
t he d ay o f t l c i n p e ctor 1s v isi t 'Whi l e t .he
f or t e y e· , t he cr aa.te st
t~ n • s
rrny b e e ither a.n a ver g e
i n r es i d enc e a t a ny t ime d ur ' n rY t hat
n U1~1 be r
y ear , o r t he a c t ua l n wnber o f :pc.rso ns u. dmi t t ed
d~T·
t ho ; yem·.
F or e x-
am ple ; t he Sta te f ua d o f Cbt:!. r it i es r epor t ed t ha t t h ere \ Jere 4 2 i nr :nte s o.t
B r oa d iew on Octobor 17 1 1 901; ( 28 ) t his i s t h e a c t ua l number
d ate.
11
aD
oi' t l a t
As o f S e pt e mb er 15, 1 901, t ba Danb ur ;r Board o f Se lec tme n r oport8d
(2 o)
56 i l1lln t e s f or t he e ntirs ~ -· ca r . •• - 'J
Tho Se lectm.e :·, d o n ot s pecify UX3.c t l y
what t he y mean b y " fift y- six i m rntc:3 d urin;.; t he e n tire y ear . "
l·li t ho ut a r e:: cor d o f U t e d a il:i' o r monthl y c .r.ange i n p opuJ.a t ion a
c raph ic r epr es e nta tion o f t he a lms ho use p opu.J.ation moverJ.e nt i s a. L'J.ost
meanin;:: l e ss .
How evo r, s. r e cord o f t h e p op u.J.D. t ion a s i t
c ive n d at es i s show n on t he f ollwin c c ra ph . (30)
Ha s
r eport ed or,_
A lt h ough t his i :.:; n ot a
t r '.le c urve o f t he p optil.D.tion movornent ( )l) i t p oi nt s u p t he i ncr eas0 i n
t h e numbel' o f i nnnt e s d ur in g t he vJinter mon t hs , t i J. e w ar y ear o f 1 918, a nd
t h e d epress i on y ear s o f 1 733 a nd 1 9)4.
r :n tr i e s l is t ine t l1e
na.me~3
o f p ersons who we re a dmit t ed t o a nd
d ~s
cba r t;ed f ro m t h e F ar ra b e tween J a n uar y 1 951 a nd I h y 1 963, on f ile i n t he
O ffice o f t he S uper visor o f v lelfare a t t he Da nb ury C it y Ha ll i n Lanbur y,
C onnec tic ut , s er ved a s a b ase f or t he p opulation movem
ent d urinr; t h e p eriod
2
J r.. nuary 1 951 t o .f.h y 1 962; ( 3 ) a l etter f rom t he State \ .Jeli'are Dernrtmc n t,
(28) Con,nect icq,t P u.blic Document&, 1902 " Report o f S t a te Boo.rd o f
C harities". p. 27 1.
(29) L anb
J!!e;J;, Yo.ar e ndinf; 9
( 30) S e e G raph I I, p
r d o f S qj.ec t -6 8.
(31) The c o,mt f ar some o f t h e m onths t hat a re n ot r epen-ted nn y
have b ee n e it e r h i c1 e r o r l ower t h an tl~ ose t imt w ere r eported.
( 32) S ee Tab l e VIII, p . 67 .
-54-
d a ted April 1 , 1 9.5 1, s tate . t ha t, t here ~-1ere 49 inr:l3.t.es a t t ho Danb ury
Town F
1:1
o n t hat d a te; ( 33) t hi
s er v ed a s o. b ase i n c omputir ..c t h e nur..-
ber o f o ccupa nts :i cri n--' t his t ilnn.
B oth s ou:rce.s m de t he
f'oll~i ng
c:ra ph ic r epr esentation p osi: ib l c< . ( )4)
·:L'his cra prl p oints u p u s e as mlB.l f luctuation i n t he s iz e o f B roadv im·J 1 s p o pu.Ltti o:n with t he G
:roo.t s t. i nflux e videnced d uring t h e '!.:int er
mo nths .
N e':!
a dr11issions u sually a rrived i n t ime f or Thanksc:;iv ing d irmer
ar..J s tayed u ntil s print,;. ( 35)
m~'1be r
<"
E ver y w i nter t h o
'I'CJI1· ~
o f R eddi nc s ent a
of a ppli ca nts t o .Elroadview F arm a nd t ook t h em o ut at::;-a.in t h e f ol-
l o,.rine s pri ng .
c;ra dua lly
( 7. 6)
J
d ~ creased
Aa t he W& er b ecame w armer, t he n umber o f o ccuy:ants
'lth
u ntil E aster, w hen t he
m.i o ri t y
o f t he s easor..al 13uests
l ef t.
T he s udden d rop i n almahou..c:;e p opulation ( during t he yoo:r 1 9 62)
f r om 41 i n J a nuary t o n one i n JLme \·l as t he r esult. of' t he a nticip:t t ed
c losinG o f t ...he F arm i n J une o f 1 962.
Cr+arac·ter o f t he J?QJ?u.lA t ion· - -
There was l i. t t le c hange i n t he
t ype o f p-:::! op lc u ho c ontim.lcd t o b e adr.:d. t ted.
T he i nsane, f ee bl e minded ,
e pilq Jtic, a nd a b le- bcxlied w ere s till c ar ed f or a t D anbury 's a lms llOtlSe, ( 3?)
a nd p ersons \·lith contG. 13ious d iG eas e s were c ared f or on t.a.m f ar m r x operty
in
t '.
se:r.:w:-ate b uilding d esi gned f or w .at p urpose.
The q uarantine p roced-
(33) L ettor t o 1r . J os eph S auer, s igned b y i tr . J ohn F . l·kr.rTiss ey,
Executive As s istant, S tate v lelfare De:r:nrt.ll'.ent.. On f il e i n D anbury ~lolfu.r e
Office~ Ci t y Ha ll, D anbur y, C onnecticut.
( 34) See Gra ph I II, p. 69 .
( 3 5) I nterview 1-!ith H rs. J oseph H alker, M arch 2 8 , 196.5.
( 3 6) Inter vim~ ' -lith } fr. J os eph S a uer, A pril 1 96.5.
( 37) C onnecticut P ublic Documents, " StatB B oard o f C hari t ies
R eports." 1 882- 1 920.
- 5 5-
u re i s a pt l y d escribed i n t he f o ll "-''ing r e por t:
Our s m ll- pax t:a tient t~ a s a n I ta.lia n workm3. n e mplo yed o n t he
new C ourt Ho uae .
e 'b.a d a a ' led f r om I ta l y o n J une 16 t~ a rr i v i.n
in
n b ur:r
om l ew York o n J tme 30 th. He c- a llte t o my o ffi ce t .o
,
mor ning o f J uly 3 rd, hn. v int; , s uspi ci oUB r as h o n f ace a nd n e ck.
A f ter a n i mmediat.e c onsul tati on t -Ji t h w o o ther p racti t i oner s, o.
c onf irnn tcn-y d.ia.gnos is o f s m ll- pax was made , a r.d t he :rn "... i cnt r emoved a t o nce t o t h e i s olation o r p e s t o use. The tow n px· ovidod
a n i nunune n urse a nd tw o wa t chmen., t o p revent p oss ible cYposuro e i ther
d ay o r n ight.
l-bals f or r a t ient a nd n t.D:'S G H ere p r eps.rcd ' t t he ' ICIIJ L
Fa r m., a nd c arr i ed o n c hea p TJcod.ed p latters t o t he cFw.rant i nc l ine .
Af t er e ach moa l t h e s e \>Jere b urn ed, a s was e verythi ne u sed a bo ut t ft •..:
s i ck-room s o d s troy ed l ater o n. The c a s e r. v ing o cc '-li'!' ed i . m
y
p riv n t e p r a ctice , I c ontinue d i n d a ily a t tendance t o t he e nt lr e a xelusion . o f o ther wm-k, u ntil t he p 1 tient r e c overed. ? he c ase p rov(::d
t o b 0 varioloi d, o r modif i ed sma ll-pax:, t he p:tt i c nt 1 s a r m s how i nc;
p r oof o f p riar s uc c es s f ul v acciP.<:ltion.
J uJ.y 23rcJ., r et ie nt was d iscll:J.r Gec1, o.nd a fter ct t h oroP L m ercur i al
'oo:ch h e d ret'!Se i n a n er:t,:iJ:·ely nm1 o t fj_t cmd t ook t h e t rai n f or Hew
York.
The n ur se h avinG a ttend ed t he c ase f or o ve:r r:. 1·1cck b ey ond. t he
i ncubatory s tage , d thout d e ve lopi n,:; t he d i s e &.s e, i t W J.S n ot t l:ought
n ec e ssary t o h old h im b ey ond t he t ime o f t l e } nticnt 1 s r e lea se.
A ft er f wniga tion o f b uilding a nd 1 urni ng o f u t ensils u sc , c lot hes,
e tc., h e w as p ut t ll!'o ugt a n a n tis eptic b<.1.th, a nd Hi".:.h a n e ntir e new
s et o f ' Wearing a Pfnrel W J.S r e l ea sed f.rom qu ar ant ine . ( 3 e)
The n umber o f p eople \-Jho H ero a b le t o war
f luc tu."'lt ed c.c oa tl;;
s o t:b.:.1.t i n 1 901, f or in~rt::m c e , 38 o ut o f 48 i r1.IIE t es ;.Jer E:: a b le t o h e lp
.
w i t h t he c hor es ; 25 o f t hene w er e rJon a nd 1 3
~-tere
women; f i fteen of t l l8
men \·Jorl:e d o n t ho fo.rm a nd t he r e:r.ninin.:;:: 1 0 h e l ped t he women . _lith t he
housowo:r k. (39)
to
\.J a r k
b odi e d.
I n 1 903 o nly 15 of' t he 57
in.~.tes
'..Jere r eported a s a bl e
(LIO ) w hile d uring t he \ Tintor o f 1 ~.5 o. ll of t he i ru:n t e ... \ Wre
Lat e r, i t \Ja;:J d is cover ed t hat m ny o f t .
a bl
b odi ed
o
bl e
d
--------------------------~--------------------------------------
(38) D anburY· C onqccticut (Town) Ann y.al
S e ptember 15, 1 900. p p. 2 0- 21.
f\.ewrt..s.
Y oar o nding
( 39) Co:nne ct ic ut P ubli c D ocume n"~,s 12Q.?,.., " H rt o f t Jw " trJ. tc,
epo
Board o f Cho.rit i G 1 90 1. p . 2 71.
",
(40) C o.nnecti c4t, Publig Doc yment § 1904 Vo l. I II, Po,rt 2 , " Rep or t o f StA'l.te I3oc d of' Char iti e s f or y ear c ndinb S o p teJ.l1J (:!' }0 ~ 1 90 3" ·
P · 2 77 ,
- 56-
r a t her l ea ve t han w ork. (4 l)
E ar 1 y a lms o us e r ecords l i s t a number o f i nsane i!W'l. t es b ut,
Brood- ~
a ccardint:; t o t he 1-k:l.lkers, t here \-Jere n o i nsane p er s ons h ous ed a t
v i ew F arm f rom 194.5 t o 1962 .
They c laim t hat r .either t he b uildinG n or
t he s taff w ere e quipped f ar t rea tment o f t he menta.11s i ll a nd t ho.. t a ll
c ases medically d iagno s ed a s s uch, wer e coorui t ted t o t he p roper i nstitution.
Ha..Jev-er, s e v·c.ral p eople, cut"ed
o f t heir p sychosis, h ad b oon r e-
leased f rom a S ta.te h ospital t o t he a lmshouse.
One g entleman
come t o I:h-oa.dviet-1 Fr:>.rm f rom t he S tate 1 tal I iospi t al a t
1m
'~ ho
Newt~Ym
h ad
• ras s o
l onesome f ar t he h ospital t hat h e a sked t o g o r ock. (42)
A t f irs-t t he r.lOl"e p ernnnent i nm. t es ":Jere o lder p eople, m ostly
a liens, b ut w hen a li e ns o ver s ixty-five beca..me e ligible f or F ederal Old
Age P ension p3.yment s, t he a verage a ge o f B roadview's o ccup:mts c ha nged t o
a l o.Jer a ge 1 evelJ
t.he r eason bcir.iC th.-'lt p ersons i n a lmsho us e s a re n ot
e ligible f ar F ederal O ld Age P ensions (43) s o t hat o ther homes h ad t o b e
f otmd f<Xr" t hose a liens who became e ligible f<Xr" p ension.q.
The same r uling
d oe s n ot a pply t o S ocial S ecurity D enefits, t hese rmy b e u.sed t oward raYmo nt f ar room a nd boo.rd w hether i t b e i n a n a lmsho us e m- elsew her e, s o
t hat n ot. a ll o f t hose o ver s ixty-five y ears o f a ge w ere f orced t o s eck
s h elter o utside o f Ut-cndviei·J Farm.
Iio.olever, t he r .njarity o f i rum tes,
a f te r t he r evision o f F ederal Old Age P ension PL'ln, Y ore u nder 65 y ears
o ld.
Of t he t en : persons t o l 0ave t he Fill"m q urinc t he month o f Nay 1 962 ,
dth Hr·s. J ooeph U allrer, !-1arch 2 8, 1 965.
(41) I nterview 1
(42) ro:;d.
(4 3) A nnual Re oort Town o f Da n btlry, C onnecticut, Y ear e n di ng
J une 3 0 9 1 951. p . 1 5.
·-5?-
"b.-10
wer e over C15 ( 74 y ear s a nd 75 y ears)
p er s on
t hr e e ,,!e:ro 64 v oars o ld, o: :1e
s s ixty- iJ.w, one was s:b.--ty, Ulo we re 57 a nd o ne n n n \ las o nly
l1
4ll y e ars o ld . (
l on[;os
J
44
)
Anoth er i nrr.nte,
prooobl~r
t he p erso n c lair.rl.n,:; t h e
rcsi de n c~/ (52 y ea rs) ::1t B r oad view, ha d b oen t ransferrod . from t he
O ld Almsh ouse, Hhi ch h e had e ntered i n 1 894, a nd r c niJ.in e;d a t B.r oadvi cH un. til h e d i ed , t tl-.c o.,;e of' '[· B, i n 1 94 6.
Ano th er rnan b om;ed t o l ea ve
ItroadviOI.~!
he
"ID.:J
o. S tc.to p:J.u pc:c
w o se r e as on f ar w n tinr; t o l oavo 'Was b ocau.se " I d on'T· c are f or t ho e n-
(L ~-)
v ir orun.c nt . , ' )
A fter t.he i nvolved a rro. nc;ements o f p lacinG a s ta.to
:pauper \-Jer e c ompleted h e c hanGed h is r.rind a bout l oavi nc a nd l:e.r ea i ned
f ar p erzrd.ssio::J. t o st.a.:y.
S ince t he c hoic e h ad b oon h is t o b ocin H i t h,
h o s taye d a nd a ppeared c ontented a ftorwo.rds.
A i ' onJaJJc m n who w as a h eavy d rinker a nd h..ad b e en i n a nd o ut o f
t he F'o.rm rrany t imes w as a nother o f t he las.;~ t o l eave i n J une 1 962 .
d isc b ll' c e
\ -InS
His
d ifficult t o h a ndle b ecause h e ha d t1.Jo names a nd w o Sochl
S ec 1.rrity n umbers \ Jhi ch c onfurJed t he a utharities b ut d i d n ot pr-event. t hem
f rom p lacinG i1i.m i n a p rivate home.
.
The r em.ininG iniJ'll. t cs ' 1ere p lo.ced
e ither i n s upervised b oo.rdine h omes o r i n p rivate h omes b efarc Br-oadvieH
c losed i n J une 1 962 .
L ife a t B roadview F arm
Administra tors.-c~ e
Superintendents VJere r esponsible f or t he
e.nd t reatment o f a lmsh ouse r esidents a nd f or t he m intenance a nd
o poration o f t he Town F ar m; t hey w ere a ppointed b y t he b oa rd o f s e lect-
~. 4 ) AJ.mshoup~.: R ecords o n f i le W elfare D e:rnrtment, C i t ;y H all,
Dan bury, C onnec ticut.
( 4 5) I nterviet·l ·t-~it h .Mr_.s. J oeeph l -lalker, f.-larch 2 8, 1 96.5 .
-.58-
me n t o s erve f w t\.!o y e&rs.
A t t ho e nd o f t.,w y e ar s t hey '-J er e e ither r &-
a p pointed or· r epL'i ced b y a nC'\Jl,Y a ppoir:tod p erson.
The Wa ll::e rs. - -
1r . a nd : Irs . J oseph
~Ja lk e r
\-Icre a p poi nt e
s erve a s S uperintendent a nd l-b.tron i n October o f 1 94 5.
to
The.v s er ved D n -
bury i n t his c ap3.cit y f or s ixteen a nd a h a li' y ears, b einc; r ea pp ointe d
ovcry t wo y ears , e ven
\i he n t he p oli t icc1.l s tat '-ls o f t h e t otm b a.1.r d
c hanged.
I fro.
a
r~tive
H lker i s
a
D anburi an who
h1.d -w o rkod a s a rrr:J. chi.nis t
b efore a cccptinc e mploy-
ment a t t he Town F arm.
He had h a d no p revious
i nstitutioml n unac cria l
Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Wa l ker
B"'.Aperience b ut h e f el t
t hat h i s p rc:vious e xperience o f s upervising J.ar ce c,roup f; o f rc.cn a nd 'Working 1.-1ith a ll k i nds o f p eople, ,_., h ose d ispositions a nd a bili t i e s v :.... ried,
'Was a n i nvalua b le a id t o mana. Gine t he a lmsho u se, b ecaus e tP..3.t e xperience
h ad g iven h i ra a w ide u nderstanding o f hrunan n eods a nd h unnn b ehavior \ JhicL,
h e f eels, i s o f t he u tmost i mport.e.. n ce i n r.nnacin~:; £:TOUps o f ::my k ind.
- wife 'Was f rom E ast HorwaJJc
g irl)~ a nd E:ix ~andchildren.
; ;Js
They h ave t hree c hildren ( twi n bo;ys a nd a
The b oys ' .Jere e leven ; roars o ld a nd t l:cir
s ister was ift.Jelve when t he f amily moved i nto t he S uperi n-tcndcn.t ' s o. r,nrtment a t Ih- oad v ieH F arm o n O ctober 1 3, 1 94_5 .
a nd a ll p resently r e si de i n Dar.bury.
-.5 ')-
;.J::c.
Th e c h ildre n o.rc nor;! rrc.rr i ed
~Ialker
b e came s elf- ereplo yed a fter
Broo.dvi8'ol ' s c los ine a nd l.n t er a cceptod t ow n
El.t:lp l o ~ n.
'l
L-L : !t d1e Rol>crt c
6'
Av en lle S chool a s t e he:J.d c us tod i a l cn ;~ i no er. ~ 4-- J
R ules a nd r e g u.J.a tions.--
Broad i ew F nr n 's r •t.l cs \·Jer e pr i n~ud
i n b old l e tter s a nd p os ted f ar a ll t o s ee.
They \oler e l i s t eci :: s
follo..~ s:
BROADVlli H FAfLl H.UU.: S (47)
L
Ev er y p ers on a pp · i nc f or a cinisr.; i on t o t he Alr.JS Eo usc n ust
p r o c ur . n o r J.er . o t c J oar of S c l oc Jv no _
,
~ or or s er vE' rery i nma te 1.~ i l b e r ('q:.ri.r '1 t o :ror.farn st..ch
ice a s t he S uperinton e nt o r : h t r on o_, t h e AJr..s l: o ll!)e w. ~r d ir c t.
:) . A ll i nma:to ., s ha ll b e r equire d t o i:.uko :.J. co:Lh o .c e c. <w eek,
L A ll iru~ t c s m:JE t o u i n t.h e ' r oom b~r c i [l:.t o'clo -~ }: P . L
s
o. nd must b e r oo.dy f or bre a ld'aat i n t ho mcrr :1 in ;_,; a t t llo r i nc i r.c of
t he s .c o nd b e ll.
5 . 11 o i
· ~e -wi ll b e o. lloVJ cd i n r>.. ny r oo m o ut t he ir ow n , 't li U o u,
p c r r:d. ss i oE ~ ron t .e Su -r inte:1d n"v o r :b.•.:. ron.
G. !: o i nn:.a 7,e w i t l out t Lc c o n sent of t he r'\: peri : ~en · e t or : h t r on
w i ll
n ll~.J ed t o b e a bs en t f r om A lm Eo us G o r o t ha n o ne cl:cy i n c ch
.s
~on th f or v i si t i n r, .
7- :;o i nnnte s ha ll b e ;:;. ll o..~e:G. t o l oo ve t Lc pr- erai ses wi t ho ut a
p?. ss f rom t he S u})Ori nten e n t o r : a t ron a nd must b ri n[; t1 e . c y of t tc ir
r oom t o t 1 e o ffice.
8 . E ver y p or son r ccei vint:; a p3. ss must r eturn b y t i me s pe ci fi ed
o n s uch :r:ns s.
9. Ho i nm.t e ob tai nin c c. r-a ss s l., 1 1 b n. llowed t o t c.ruw.ct ~my
h .lSinc s s f or a ny o ther i nma te, H i tho •1. t p errni. ss l on of t he u uperint cndent
o r : a tron .
1 0 . no p e rson o r i n.mn te w ill b e p er rni ·;:,te,.:: t o bri ne a ny i nt ax ic.a.t inr. l iq u ors On t h e pr- e .. · s a.
1 1. :ro p erson o r i.nnl9.te w i ll b e a llow ecl on t11 e }J!' om sc.., w ~ i l c
i
i nt <Xd.cn t e d.
1 2. ~ o p rof a.. e o r i d ecent L.1. ~ c c ' -Jill ":.:e p cr ::rl. t te · .
13. Any i~t e r etm"ninc t o t l:e Alms Ho uae i n ,, s ta te of i nt a:d...,, ,,
c e..t ion s ha ll l;e cor~i n cd L 1 c.. c e ll s o l one ::x s t he r uJXl ri nt - nd
' · "'" J
d een n dv isablc.
111. 1: o v isiti n£; w ill b e a. llO't,led on S undRy c:xc up t b y S!XJ c i a l p ermissio n o f t he .Superint e nda nt o r ; a t ro n .
15 . A ll }llc ialee s f or i nmtos s ·..a ll be i r.s pe c t od.
1 6. i o \l ashi n ~ o f c lo thes w ill b e a llowed outs i de t Lc J2. c :~'l.dr:;
w i th o ut J el' n ission o f t he l~ t ro n .
1 7. T he 3 uper:!.nte n dc nt s ha ll s c •3 t l ln.t t h e a bove r l os : lre: s tr ic " r
..,Jv
el"j'orced.
18. Any p e r son v iobting t he a b o ve r ul s s ha ll b e l iab l e t o C"' u l .A
Gion f ro,':l t 1 e Al m Ho use , o r t o s uch ot her pt.mis . :.oo nt :..J.G 1r. ~ oo.r d of
a
S c l ectnen n ay d irec t .
-----------~---~--------·-·------
(4 6) I ntervi.f:J\.1 I·J ith ; :r. ,T
osnpb ~Ja lk e r, l hr ch 2 8, 1 96) .
(47)
L oca ted ~ t t he Danb u:r :y Scot t •
- 60 -
e o n l .:Cme l.l.n, 1a.nbury, Connocti ut.
m
"'
E li rjah -,- t urdevant, } vP. 1 c c t men of t he
'·f.
.
. -.- . 1 ~mpp,
T
f r. b
Wi ll iam J . Lyn ch
ow n
. u<ln - ury
°
A ctivit i es. --
The r ulos t hat w ere p ost ed a .
t Le t ales t h:..lt
w ere t old b y t he Wa. JJcers a ll c; ivc i ns ic t i nto t he a .ct i vi t i a o f a lmsho;JSe r es i dents.
W er a re
alk
1'1 e ref or e s everal i nc idents a.., r e Lated b y H r. a nd Ifr s.
e luded i n t he f olla,.J inG r nssaGo s .
i
Ac c ordi nG t o t he Walko rn , t ho e w as n o s uper vi s ed r e cr eat i ona l
o r o c curnt · ona. l t h
o. py p r ogTa.m a t t he F nr r.lf o. r oom i n t o c ellar w as
UBed a s a ca rd r o om b y t h
e men wh o -" n j oy ed a
s t ood i n t he J n c:i es JE.r lor t o be UBed
~r.1c
A pi no
o f c ar ds .
trr ing s pecial
c u rch s er vi c es err when ever " n in.Illl.t C' s ought i t a s
r tics, d ur i nc
i nstrument of c ro-
a ti ve c xpre .:; s io n ,
:
· bst o f t he i nr.a t e s p r ovi de d t he ir own f arm of r ecrcf.l. t i on:
c i t r.er l is teni n r, t o t i.e r a d i o, c ha t t i ne \-li t h t he ir no i r;hb or , h e l pinc
\oJ i
t h t he h o uoc 1ol d o r f arm t as ks, p la yi n,<?; co.rds o r i n o ne ca.se, PJ, i nting .
I n t he pho t o cra ph o f l lr . a nd ! ir s . \1a l kor ( s e o
:r:n ce .5 ?) i s u
po
t r ai t of J.lrs. l>lu lk er w i ch wao cl o ne i n p3.s te "' b y a l ove l y l ad y ' "ho ) r~. d
c ome t o t b.e f &r m i n 1 9.5 4 a t t he a , e of 6.5.
T.r.e por tr a it '~ .:t. s e i vcn b y
t he •n.nn t e a rtis t t o ; r s. Vla lker : md i t i s o ne of l :cr p r i ze d p oss e s sions.
t oday.
Tho
'W Oma n
\ lho p3.i ntcd i t
'W llS
3.nonc t Lo l ast oc cur;an ts of
vi ew r arm a nd t o + e ir ( t he Wa lke rs ) b e st kncJ\.Jl cd c;e i s s t i l l
D.
o ad-
r C' s i dcnt
o f D anb ury , Co nne c ti cut. (48)
:tr- .
Ha · or
Wa ll, r t e l ls
'W .. o V~as
'l
s tor y t hat
' :3
amus i nc t o e ver- one c:x c ent : lr's.
i n h e r t l i r t i es when t he f o llowi..n.c; i nc i dent
oc currod~
A t..<t l l l a:ucy I ris Lnnn o f a b o ut 70 yoa.r::> of o.._c lind r e t ur nee. ·t.o
t he FD.rm a fter
(48)
lc~ri nr
b .d q uit
I nterview \ lith
a number o f i nt w.i mtin[, d r i nks .
Ec ro--
:&:- . u nd ' r s. J os eph UnD: er, ;a. rch 2.C 1 965.
-61-
f 'lsed. t o _, o t o b e d t mtil
e h ad s a i d c o cY!....nicht t o h is o other.
It di d
not t ake Mr.- . Wa lker v ery l ong t o p r oduce t ho o ld nr:m 1 s m other ; h e
q uickly : Jolved t he p r oblem b y b rinGi !lf: Hr s . Wa lker i nto t he :c o om.
h appy f e llO\-J s aid go odni h t t o h er a nd q uie tl:I we nt t o b ed.
n ot ", a s ks Nr . H alker t oday , " the r.o ar f e llow knew •lr:s .
1 htro
The
" And why
~Talker
a s t he
of t he a L':lS h ouse; i n t h is r ole s he d id e verythinc f or hi1:1 t hat n
mother would h a ve d one , i n thn.t s o!'l s e h e p rooobly l ooked u.po-..:1 h er a s h is
.
·Ir-s. W er l a tl&hingly a dmi tted tr..2. t s e h ad n ot t h ought o f
alk
o the r. "
i t t hat 1,1ay oof or e .(l.~ 9)
Another a u ai ng s tory
i!
i l linc; t o
~. t te.
l .S
a b out a crw eet o ld n nn l·lho \l as a :hJays
l p, n o n utter \JL::. t t he j ob u as.
.
One cvt:ming, h is O "!er-zealoll3
p t t o b e b oth h elpful a nd p oll t e c r ec'l.tcd a n amusil'l{; b ut emmrra.ssing
s i t uat i on.
I t wa s e [U'ly i n t h
e v e .; n z , b ut b ecause i t \W.s 'viinte.r a nd
a lr eady d ar k, t her e wa s l ittle f ar t he men t o d o; moa t o f t he men i n t h e
H ar d o n t h e s e cond f loar t .Jere i n b ed f ar- the n i ght '.·Jhen : ::everal v isitors ,
i ncluding w o wome n, a rrived t o p ;ty a v isit t o a
h ad r e cer.tly r etur ned . fro;n t he h ospital.
rel£~ tive>
i n t he H ar d, who
T here w ere n o \-IO.ll :JIIIit chos D.nd
t h e o nly , my t o obtain l ic ht ' ms t o u se t he p ull c hain t ba t w as l ocat ed
d irectly over t he b ed o f t he o ld t ime r eside nt.
o f n othin
mare t han a. v ery s h ort u nders hixt,
De s pite h is s canty a ttire
e q uickly jumped t o t he o o-
c s s ion, p ulled t he l igh t c hain a nd p roceded t o l oca te a. c hair
h i ch h e
g a lLs.ntly of f ered t o one o f t he v isiting L."..dies b ei'ar-c h e h opped b ack u n-
d er t he c overs.
(50)
S ome a i t ua.ti ons p osed m arc of a p roblon t han t o s e d es cribed
: lbo e ; f ar i nstanc e, a bo ut 85/~ of t he i rumtes were t e re b e ca us e t h ey !>..ad
·- -----------------------------------------------------------------------(4 9) I bi d.
(so) r o i d.
- 62-
ha.d d rink i ng p robl ema .
H:l.ny o f thotJ. h ad
a d x ink -w he ncv •trr> t h e o ppart uni t y a ros e.
e ver s o l v ed t h en a '1d
A t t imes t Ley \-Jere t r
o ul d t aka
t ed t o
d r inks b y t h e l ocal ' mrtBnd or , a rt o bta i ned a l coh ol .f:rom f ri e nds "Who o f te n
h rough t l iquor i nt o t.l e a lmsho use d urinc v isiting t o i.tr' S, o r 1,.1 h o l ef L ..1oneJ
w ith t he iruoo. tes 'Which e nabled t hem t o b u;J a d rink ar.
m ight h ave c r eated
disc i plimr ~'
"'!.A·!O.
S uch p o lic ie s
p roblema , b ut i f t h y d id, l it. H .;:eT
all
m uat b a \-re b e en a blo t o c ope w ith t hem c o cai..l.S"' h e hc..s s aid t bat Lo L.o. cl
n ever h ad t.o u se t he ",ja il" t ha t
a s i nten eel f or clisorcierl:v i nrnatos .
Up LL. til l?OG r elic iotJB s c rvic e n 'W er e h e ld re ~ulc.rl;.c o nch \-Je ek
'1
b y r opr s ents.tivcs o f t ho v arious c hu:rcLes.
i o UB s ervices 1,.1er e hE:Jld
oocB.~iort.. J.ll,y
.:
Dy 1 906 we rc.:l.C. t hat r oHr-
( 5 1)
·
a nd a ftor t r.at, r.1p t o 1 92 0, t he
Sj;a. +e Ch ari t i e s H .oport ma ke n o r ofcr..:.: nce t o r e Ji r; io UB s e rvl c es.
F r om
191- t o 1 962 r eli c iont:J s ervices -were h eld e ach \4eok \~i th t to P rotes ta nt
1.5
c le1· gy r o ta ting r egulD.rly .
7 he C atholic p r i e st c ond uctoo s e rvic es o nly
seve>.ral tim.es a y ear. (.5Z)
H ork p r:-ojects w ere a lso a p u-t o f a lm8hou.se 2- c t ivitieG: i n 1 938
a DEJWinc; p roject v as c onducted b y t he W. P . A. ( 5 3) a nd i n 1 9.52 t re es u e:re
r aised a t B r oadview f ar f u t ure u c e i n
r Ep lz.'ld.r~
...:
s bad e t re es i n t he Ta-m
o f D anb ury . ( 54)
E xpenses o f
T~n
F arm.--
Tne 3Jr!Ounts s pent f or f o od, c l o
n g,
m.e c-:i c::i.ne , e qui pme nt, o aL'U'ies, a nd o ther i t e!llB a r e not r epw. ted i n t hia
(51) Con.nect:l,q,ut P qbllc p o,cunents, 1 901-1920, "H.eport of Sta t o
D oard o f Char i t los " ·
(.5 2) I nter vi ew \·lith lh. . a nd N s . J ose ph Walker . : o.rc h 28, 1 965 .
·
r
(.53) A nnual R eports o f B oard o f .3-e lcc tmen, J nly 1 938 , 1 93 9, a nd
1 940.
(54- . ill£., b- 30- 52 . p . 1 .
)
ra per. (.55)
Hc7..1eve:r, t he t otal f arm e xpenses i n
t<Nn e xpenses a re s hown i n Table V I, p . 6.5.
pr o~ti on
t o t he t otal
I t i s n oted t ha t o f t he
t otal t own e xpenditure s, t he p ercentage s pent f or t he Tc:Mn F arm g radually d ecr eased f rom
8. 3Jt ( in 1921)
t o 1 . 0~ ( in 1 962); o r f r om f our f ifths
t o o ne t hird o f t he amount s pent f ar c harities.
F ate o f .§roadviow.-
The f ar m was c losed t o t he p om- in J une
o f 1962 a.nd ' Will s oon b e d emolished.
A l imited p oll r evealed a n e xpres--
sed d esire t o s ave t he b uilding f rom d estruction a nd t o u sc i t f ar v arying
p ur poses b ut i t a lso r evealed t hat, d espite t he " 'ish t o s ave t he a lmshouse , e veryone c oncurred t}l..at i t w ould b e t oo c ostly t o m ke i t s ui table
f ar other s uggested p urposes and t hat i t b ad, i ndeed, s erved i ts p urpose
w ell.
(55) See Appendix VI, pp. 87-89 f « a sample o f i temized axpenaea.
-64--
T ABLE "Jli
E XPENSES OF TOWN F ARM
in p roportion t o
____T _QTA~ _To _w_~ __ ~)<PEI'(S~~:___--------.
_
--- - -
EXPENSES
------~-----------------~
F I SC-AL
T OWN F ARM
YEAR U JDING
9-15-1909
9 - 15-1910
9 -15-19 1 1
-
T OTAL
jf I I I 5 23 9 3
9 ,440.33
9 ,497 . 99
9 - 15-1912
I I, 0 61
9 -15-1913
9 -15- 1914
9 -J"i-1915
9 -15- 1916
- -· - -- 9-15 -1 917
49
121 3 6 7. 4 5
1 2412.92
(Jio
J ---{~~ ------64
..
67
5. 1
2 48,022 1 6
_ _5 . 0 - - -- 1
_
3 z 1, 2~ 3 9 9_ _ __ r_ ______s_
3
-·3 412,910.05
4 .4
--
-- ~248. 4 4_
5' 2
1 72,405.99 ···- ··
1 70,397 . 10
2 44,927.70
4 21 . 27
I
1 2 I 5 59.75
9 - 15-1918
9 -15-1919
9 - 15-1920
9 - 15-1921
TOWN
2 19,744.99
1 65 3 77.75
'
150 , _0 35 4 6
II
1 ..
T OWN F ARM
P ERCENTAGE o f
T OTAL
T OWN E XPENSES
-----jf--
14 8 59 4 0
.
1 53,247.70
9 .7
20 9 15.69
1 701846.04
• _ 1 -_l__ - - --1
_ _2
17 3 52 4 3
_ _2 ~ 6 _ 9_8_. _ ~ -- 1 - _ 8 _. 0 - - - - - - ---1
_, 5
6
=
1 6 ' 7 77.14
2 02,616. 5 8
8 .3
f.-- - - - - - -9 - 15- 1922
16 _3 27 ' - - - - - - - ~_, §3? . · -:._4 - t 89
72
: __/
9 - 15-1923
- --16,635.84_ _ _ _2_~•..=:.:---'1 . --=--=-----+- - --7_ 9 ____ ___,
2 8 ._:__ 2 5
._
9 - 15- 1924
7. 7
2 17,600.06
·_
16,842 __6 7_
- ------- ·- ---9 -15 - 1925
1 8,010 . 40
2 23,864 . 70
8. 0
1 - - - - - - --- - - 9 -15-1926
2 0,327 . 80
2 49,260.97
82
I
.
----
--
- ~-----~----~~~~~---+----~~----------+----------------~
.
~
:~ ~~:~ :~:;
~~::~~~ ::
~I
9 -15-1929
1 8,72718
I 8 1 ~ 8 7. 9 4
9 - I 5 - I9 3 0
1 -- 9 - I 5 - I 9 3 I
1 7,406.17 1 8,580 . 77
1
6 - 30- 19 3 4
1 6, 1 02 . 69
_ __ I 9 , 5 0 0 _0 0 _
_ ___ II_, 928. ~
1 8,7?2.61 __
6 - 3 0 - I9 3 5
6- 30- 1936
6-30 -1 937
-
6-3 _9 _- _1938
6 -30- 1939
6- 3 0 =- !940
-·
6-30- 1941
I
I --
- --· 6 - 30_-:.__19 ~ 4 - · -_
6 - 30- 1945106-30·1 9 49
-
-
f--
6 -30- 1942
6·30- 1943
6 . 3 0 . 19 5 0
f
--
--
---
··--
R ep o rIs
-
3 5, 2 4 8 -4 3
-
-- 1__ 39,289 . ~5---
6-30 -::- 1 9 ~3
-
-
-- _ 37 89 . 80
2
4 2' 2 4 6 I 9
38, _ ~32 - 45
~!
_
--
6 .1
5~
------- 1
__
44
__
5 .6
-
._
6 571 495. 4__~ ;~-~_- _2 -_= = 2
_ _ .5
4 0 2 , 6 9 3. 3 5
4. 8
-- - - - r-- _ _ 7 28,123.73
2 .5
---- 2.3
7 9 6 , 7 54. 19 - --- --
222._~ -___-1- - ~26,313.05
48
8 93,103.05
1 9,473 . 7~
- -- -21 _,157 . 9~
91 3 ,62) _ _ 37
9 26,723.82
_1 0~8 . 89
9 35 4 55 . 43
~0.!_ 5_ _2 7 6 20,469 . 21 _
94~,451-3~
9 23,424,81
21, 8 7 5 : 9 ~- --- ~---
- - - - - - - 1--- ...
_ _ 6 ·3 0 - 195!
6. 3 0 - I 9 5 2
3 04,87943 _ _ _
3 5 8, 5 Q_0 . 0 6
__
_
M i s s i n _ _ _ __
9_
393,322.50 -_
3 34,947.69
Rep o r I
. __
9 -15-193 2
9- 15-1933
' --
::/:;:;_- -= --- ---r· ;-
- - - ---
-
-- __-2 .:__ _ _ _---l
=. . 4
22
- !-
-
--~
-
_ _ __:·.::.__ - - 23
2.2
2 .2
2.2
2.4
M i s s i n 2__ __ _ __
________- ---j
- - --
---
1,4~~ 97:_4}
1 )378,380.!1 _ __
_1_ , 5 3 2 E 6 _. 6 6
1,6_ 7~,503 . 04
--
2 ·.:::_ _______- l
5
22 . - 8 _ _ _- l
7
2 .4
_ __2_._1_ _______- i
1, _807l ~~ !~
_ _, 9 8}1887.17
1
2 ,2 2 6 , 7_9_2 _0_4__
2 _::::_ _______- l
2
--- t-- - - - 0
2
_ ___6 · 3 :_· _...::__ _____- +-- - - - - 4 6 9 6__ !__3 _ _
_ __0 _ 1~ 7
1:_
____ __ __g~- ~~! -~ _13..:___2?
6 ·30- 1958
__
_
4 4,941.46
_ 2L 983036,28
I · _ _ __ ___ 1
_9
::::
1. 5
6 ·30- 19 5 4
_ __6·30_· __ ~
195
6 ·3 0 -1956
-
_
1
_ _ - _- _ _ __
,_
_
4 22_~ ~-8
--- --~~913. 7 5
-
6·3 0 -1959 - - - - - ~0,618 . 97 -t---:3 386,136 . 55
:-J__
1 .2
6 -3 o _ 9_6_o _ _
__ _ _
4 3 1s 4 4 2
~~ 5_6 L 6 ~_7: 9 3
--- 1--------__:_.:..:2
~ - =----+-----4
_
1
6 -30- 1 9~ 1
6 -30 -1962
B a sed
on
__
__
--~ ~ 1 1 ~_63 8 7
_ ]~_!_,_ ~_ 98 ~ 54_ ____ - - - t
3 8,601 6 7
D anbury, C onneclicut,
4 ,040 7 50 . 85
A nnuol
T own
- 65-
R eports o f t he B oard
I. I
I0
o f S electmen .
T ABLE v ii
P OPULATION M OVEMENT
BROADVIEW FARM
D anbury, C onnecticut
1 915-1962
T ERMiNATIONS
A DMISSIONS
I
F ISCAL
Y EAR E NDING
w
__J
<I
~
__J
0
<I
~
~
:::E
w
~
I
I
24
c
n
n
c
~o
27
..
37
Ia
-
3
13
24
om
p
om
24
25
27
l
r-
9 -15-1928
- 9-15 - 1929
- - 9-15-193 0
- 9 - 15-1931
42
5
47
3 743
..... -
6
43
__5
-
35
.3 8
34
6 - - 49
R
e _p
_
4
~
64
--
I
. ..
-
52
! 52
- --
48 .
49
( 4}
I
ete
49
13
7
6
68
I4 -
7
- -5
-9
r
I
4 7 ·- 33
I4
·
50
3
31
19
( 5) ' 30
15
--4
27
2 _~
..
5
( 4}
7
'~ - i!_ )_ 2 9_ _ 1 3
2
3
30
15
--
2
-
42
7
( 2)
5
43 ~ -- o~
1 43 t -g - {3 ) - 6
--
o _ -; - ,-
t--i _O
36
ete
21
<21
32
( I)
3 3 ' (3)
I
p
3
~ -~- ~- 0 - r-~5 - ~~-.~
3_7
31
8
39
30
6
36
.-- -r--- - . .
- --
_ 9-15-1926
9 - 15 - 1927
0
complete
I
22
n
1
w
lL
0
~- -
-- -
<t
~
:::E
( 1 2)
1
~~
I
32
...J
<t
...J
<t
~
5
,
35
37
37
28
w
__J
w
~
I
'3I
I 23
'
__J
! ...
lL
1 36
9 - 15-1920
9 -15-1921
9 - 1 5 - 19 2 2
9 -15 - 1923
9 -15-1924
-9-15-1925
r g ::-IS - 19 3 2
__J
I
<I
I
9 - 15 1 915
9 - 15-1916
-9-15-1917
9 - 15- 19 18
9 -15-1919
j
__J
w
O VER N o o f O CCUPANTS
C HANGE
I
i
M
12- - 52
-s
s
---Z -
14
i
~7
50
13
14
II
36
4~
50
56
1
n
9
58
I6
45
I3
71
_ 2e
a
36
_2 8
s _53 _ o - t-~- - ~ 2 8 _1_ 6 7 4
_
6 -30-1934
24
3
27
23
5
28
I
( 2)
(I)
58
15
7 .3
6 - 30 · 1935
IS 6
2 4 2 4 - 3 2 7 (_6) 3
( 3)
52
18
70
- 6--30 - 1936 - 23
6 • t ~= - 35 . 6
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6-30-1958
6 - 30-1959
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POPULATION MOVEMENT
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P OPULATION
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B ROADVIEW F ARM
.
·- ,-'
-+
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r=-
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OF
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,
D anbury, C on!"ecticut
-r
J anuary
1951 to J une 1 962
70
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F rom T able
Page 6 7 o f t his p aper
- 69-
R EAR V IEW OF
B ROADVIEW
(
- 70-
C ONCLUSION
I n 18~ t he a lmshouse was c onsidered t he f unchmental i ns titution
i n Amer ican p oor r elief ; a nd Danbltl"Y's new b uildi.ng a nd t ho m na gement
o f i t w as c ons ida:red a m odel i natit ution o f i ta k ind.
W 9 d isea.s e,
ar
i ntemperance , i lliteracy, s trikes , do}S"ossion, i ncreasing i nd us trialis m,
a nd a utomation i ncreased t he pt'Oblem o f t he p oar.
E conomic c onditions ,
c hanges w ithin t h e s oc ia l a nd p olitical o rder, a nd t he concomi tant p hil-
osoifdes t herein c ontributed t o a c hanging !Z'Oceas o f meeting p auper n eeds.
Q radua. lly t he m ethod cr..a. nged f ran ooo o£ r epression t o o ne o f r ebab illt ati on..
The c hange i s r eflected i n s tet:e t hat l ed t o t he e stablishment o f
t he " catch-all" a lmahouse; t he e s tablis hment o f i natituticma1 c are f ar
p er sons w ith s pecific n eedsJ t o h ealth and e ducational s ervices ; a nd ·tio
t he i nclus ion o f p os itive am- Vices a.s p u-t o f a p ublic w ell'are
pr o~a.m..
l ater , :pl"eventive meas tU"es ware a dopted, a nd t he r ole o f t he s tate a nd
.
t he n a tion b ecame e Vident.
The t rend o f p ublic w elfare f...as p roe;ressively d ivided t he p a uper
c lass i nto a g rea t I'!Rny s pecial o lnsses, e ach o f w hich
dor s pec ia l s tat u tory p ravisians.
r~Xe
c ared f ar u n-
De pendent a nd n eglected childro..'1 wer e
among t he f ir st o f t ho s pecial c lasses, t he mentally r andica pped f armed
a nother; t he d eaf, t he b lind a nd t he
p[.~oysically
h andicapped, a ll o f t hese
h ave b een mcn-e c r l ess d ifferentiated f rom t he l eeally c lassif ied p auper
c lass .
E ventually, l egal c lass d istinctior! m y r educe t he s iz e o f t h e
p oor c ln.ss t mtil .f en- a.ll p ractical p urposes t here will b e n o l ega l " poor-
-71-
(
c lass. ..
B ut s uch a d istinct ion ' "ill n ot e r adicate t he n eeds o f t he
s pecial c la sses n or v i ll s ta t u tory p r cwiaiODB a ssure a dequa te a s s istance v here i t i s n eeded.
n ot r ep
F ed eral a nd Sta. t e a id s hould s upplement b ut
oe t am r espons ibility.
"Social S ecurity r etirement a nd
s urvivor s b enefits h ave a ubstan tially r educed t he p roport ion o f t l1oee
who m ust s eek t am a ce
o da ti ans . " (1)
Btrt t he p r opor tion, n o m t ter
h ow s mll, o f t b ooe v ho mus t s till s eek t own a .id, i n r egar d t o h ousing
a nd other s ubsistence, r ane u.s.
I t v as t hro ugh· t he c ooperative c ffat"ts o f Town a nd S tate \ielfar e v ar kar s t ha t s ui ta ble p lAces w ore f ound f ar t he l ast r en:ai ning i nm t es o f ftteoadVi ew F
m i n J uno o f
1962 .
I t i s h oped t hat t he c it izens '
i nterest a nd c oncern t dll o ulnl:imte i n e fforts u hioh, when o cxnbined v ith
t h ose o f t he t own, s tate, a nd n ation, v ill p rovide n eces sary f a cilit ie s
a nd t he means o f o perating t h em f(J[' t he m ey g r oups i n Danbl.tl"Y v ho a r e
s t ill v ithout a deqw.te
f~
shclt€Xl", c lothi.IIg, e ducation, a r med icine.
A r ecent (1964) s urvey p ointed u p t he n eed f ar a p sy chiatric
c linic. ( 2)
I n 1962 t he D anbury A rea H ealth C ouncil recommended t ha t a
f ull-t ime c onsolidated H ealth D e}Brtment b e e s tablished . ( 3)
Mr • . lawton, a dminiatratar
err
b eds f ar t he c hronically i ll
u sed f
4
t his p ur pose . ( )
I n 19.56,
D anbury Hoe pital, p ointed u p t he n eed f ar
aoo
s ugges ted t hat p u-t o f t he a lmshouse b e
o thing e vor
caJTJe
o f t he s uggest ion.
(1) Aoonr11 R ewt o f Bge,rd Qf Sw1oetplet!. 1 962.
{2) P ersonal i nt.arvi ow 'With
s . f ur bara S teck, E xao trliive S eeret.a.ry, fttd-W estern A ssociati011 f ar ~ ntal Health, Navem.ber, 1 ~ .
( 3) • Da.nbtpjY Arga. lioa~ t h Co:gne:ll. GOJIJD1W?.i'W l~Qslth I nventary,
Danbury, Conn etieut, Ml.y 1962, p . 1 0•
•
(4) L etter from
• I avton t o
-72~
. S auer, d ated l-hy 9, 1 9.5 6.
F ar a
a hart t ime a ft er Br-oadview c los ed i t was tised j oi ntly
b y w o n on-}lr'of'it al"f:.'8n1.zati OllS a s a k indergarten b y t he Ander son
Sc hool, a nd a s a s chool f ar zoontally r etarded c hildren b y t he o th
ganization.
ar~
I t h ad b een c cmsidered t oo c ostly t o r enavato t he b uilding
i nto a s ui t able s tructure f ar t he c hroni oall.,y i ll.
r oles t hat w ere s uggested f ar i ts u se -ware a dopt ed .
None o f t he new
I t wa.a s ta ted t hen
{1962) a nd c ontinues t o b e s tated t hat Bt-oo.dviet-1 h as o utlived i ts pl.It'-
poee.
I t w ill s oan be demolished t o a lleviate t he
mare s chool SJ:Ree.
g;ro.~ i ne
need f ar
I n a doptine t his e xpediency IOOasure i t i s h oped t hat
o ther h ealth, e ducation, a nd w olfare mea.aures w ill n ot be s acrificed,
n ar t he p urpose
af
a.dnrl. nistrating them f argotten.
(
- 73-
A
GEORG
I
./
II
C. W : T
0 IN 0
to
"
' :'0 A LL ? ..... 0 L E T O HH OM TIES::::
DAN BUR (
.:. ::: D
~- y
P"'"'2SE~ T~ i
S H•• L:S C0:·1E, GREE TING :
t e County o f
r:.:~i u
Fa i
d c..n
T h ou o.n
OF
S t ate o f Co nne ctic ut, f or t he c on i de r at i on o f To n
Do llar s, r e c. e i v e d t o rny f u ll z ..,. . . __ s a ction o f
nA~BU RY ,
Tm·~
o g i va, g r an t, b a r g a· n, s ell a nd c onf i rm , u nto ·!;he
... 0 \{N OF D NEURY , a c er ta : :..1 t
sai
HE
c
OJ.
4. an d , . s ituate i n s a i d
:;.an bury, a t H ay u::; Hill, s o c all d 1 c on t a i ning s e ve n ty
h r ao a cr es ,
on e r ood a nd e ig hte n r ods, b ou nde d o n t he N orth i n p a rt b y a
a s w y b etwo • •.t he t r a ct h e r·ein c onv e y ed 1 a n d l and o f \·li lliffi·n
~. Hh ::.. ... o ,
.:;. nd
\•,' c o ~
a n ci i n : )art b y l and o:~ .L"':..... a ncis H . Austin.~~ E ast, S outh
b y h i g w ay, b aing t he s ame P I" misas c onveyed. t o r.1e b y
: - a Th~ah Mar~
M orritt b y d eed d ated Ap r il
18~h 1
1 864 a nd
rocord ~ d
o n D . •".:J ury L and R ecords i n .dook 5 2 p a ge 1 8 , r cfGrence b eing had.
t h ere o .
0 HAVE AND T O HOLD t he a bove g ranted a nd b argained p remi se sl
wit h ·· t he t'Ji"i v il ege s a nd a ppurtenances t hereof", u nto t he
gr nt
ai d
a nd t h e i r a as i g ris f orever, t o t hem a n d t heir own p roper
u se a n d b ehoof.
And a lso t he s a id g r antor d o f or
myself~
my h eirs 1
e xecutors a nd a dciinistrators) c ovenant w i h t he s aid g rantee a nd
~heir
a ssigns, t hat a t a n d u ntil t he e r. se a i r. . g o t t hese p re s e nt s I am vre ll
s eized o f t he p remises a s a g ood i n de e a sible e state i n f ee s imp: a ,
a .d h av e g o od r i gh t t o barga in a nd
~
e ll
~h
i s a bove w rit te n ; a nd t hat t he s ame i s
w hat soe v e r .
- 74-
s am e i n manner a nd f orm
f ~ee
o f a l l i ncumbr ances
A~ D
FU TH
XO S.., I t he
s&~d
g ran ·or d o by t e s o p r e e nts b ind
mysol · a nd . y h eirs f or e ve r , t o
a nd b arg ai n e
t o t he
~ em i ses
bo ve g r a nt e
AN D :JEFE ND t h
c~i d
g rant e
~nd
t he i r a ss.g ns, a g a in s t
a ll c : a ims a nd d emands wh a ts oe v er.
: . HI T) SSS ':JHEREOF, I h ave
.1
e r eunt o s e t my h and a nd s e a l t h is
a y o f M ay, A. D. 1 3 8 .
S i gn od 1 S ea e d a nd d e liv er ed
i n p r e e nc e o f
Har :-:.. o n F lint
Da v i :0. Boo t
Ge o • C.
.. D .
:Pe r so n a l y a p pear ed
GSORG~ C .
\·.rr: r.2E,
f o ':'eg oing i ns trument, a nd a c kn owle dged t '
hr~ t
e
·L •S • )
1 868 .
s ig:.:wr a nd s e a le r o f t he
arn e t o
h i s i 'rve a c'\i
grnd d e d b efore me.
D avi d 3 .. :SO ot h
•••
u e r eco r d o f t he
Re c or de d M y
a
At t e st:
or~ gi n
J ustice o f t he P ea ce .
1
l th, A .D. 1 868
Da vid
d.
Boo th , To wn C lerk
:: ·.:-. o re by c e rtify t h a t U nited St.z.'c e s I r.-;; r n a l .unev en e S amp s
t o t he am ount o f Te n d ollars, w are ai':.:... ::.~~ed. t o t he f ore goi ng i nstrument a nd wer e d ul y c ancoled .
D avid B. B oot a , To wn Cl r k
- 75-
IIU. iJ:O ' l
I, M A RG ARET M. Y ACKO , T own Clark of tba T own o f
Dt~IIU !If'J ,
k bcr of t he Seat thereof, and by taw duly cwth orizecl to affi x t h e same zn
du thcnticat io 1t o f the R eco rds o M id T o wn in m y care rmct cmtod') .
:;:... ;..-·-..-.;l ; I <!lrrtt y, T h at the ab ove and oregoing is a t ma and correct transcript
an d copy of :be ori inat record as a p ars i n ook
57
, Page
6
of t he
Danbury Land R ecords.
1:~•
l .. . ~"' tt '!i!.i :.::::.;r:.·zth , I have h eremzto sttbscribed
t WJ
offic iftt si nature, and affixed the seat of said T o w rt of
D anb11 ry , at utid, Danbmy, this_ __2 t_ _____
_7_
- 76-
A PPENDIX I I
T OWN F ARM
R ECORD
I nventory o f Town F arm P roperty
t aken A pril 25th 1892
12 C ider C asks I
3 S tone P ots •
1 S mll Table a:
2 Windaw S hades
2
1
1
6
k egs
D ining Rm. C arpet
B read Jo:r
2 S ette ( sie) C urtains
3 Table Clothe a: J.t Doz Na:r*ins
4 C hairs
1 C astor I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
S itting Roam
1 O il C loth
Stove A P ipe
1 Clock
O rgan s tool & Covar
B oston R ocker
1 ~lillow R ocker
C harry Table & C over
S uall
•
&
•
l ounge
1 F ootstool
Small R ocker
t-ht
1 IDok.ing G lass
Window S hades & C hairs
M:i.t
1 S tair C arpet
C arpet
West Dad Room
1 Bed & Bedstead, 1 C arpet
2 S hades
2 Setts ( sic) C urtains 1 T oilet S ett ( sic)
1 Roo ker
Bed Ro am a ver - Sitting Rocxn
1 C arpet - 1 !DUIJge
3 C hairs
2 C urtains
1 B edstead Bed & B edding
1 Buroo. u
1 ~ ing 1 -hchine
5 C hairs .
H all Co:rpet & Iamp
1 L ooking G la s
1 Old B ureau
- 77-
& 3 C hairs
O I.e.clies Sitting Ro cxn
ld
1 R ag C arpet
1 !.o t.n'lge
1 R ocker
1 E asy C}l..air
1 Ta ble
5 Cane S eat Chairs, 2 i ndow Shade s
1 l ooking G lass
Bed Room o pposite Old L adies S itting Room
Ro om No 1 - 1 Ra e C arpet
2 Si11[; le Beds &. B eddi ng
1 D r ess ing B'l.n'"ea u
1 Wesh S tand Bow 1 &. P it che:r
C ane S eated Chair , 1 1-htt ( sic)
2 Shades
2 l ace C urtains
Room No. 2
1 B edstead 8: Bedding
1 R ag Carpet - 1 Buroo. u
Ro om No 3
1 Bedstead 8: B edding
1 R ocking C hair
l iDoldng G lass
1 B ureau
Room No 4
1 Bedstead Bed & Bedding
1 B ureau
1 l ooking Gl.a.as
Roam No 5
1 B edstead Bed & B eddjrig
· 1 C arpet . L ·Rocker
2 C ane S eated C hairs
2 C rua.ins
1 L ooking G laae
1 0 y d s H e.ll C arpet
3r<i F1oar Bed Roams
6'
1 Bedst ead Bed
Room " 7
1
•
•
W
8
1
•
W
"
9
1
"
"
Raom No
•
10
1
•
&. Bedding
"
D
•
"
"
U pper f w.ll Iruo.p & B racket
Smoke Rocrn -
1 S tove
~ns
1 Lamp
Ward
&.
B racket
1 Bedstead B ed & B edding
1 Bed &. Bedding
1 T able
1 Rocker
1 C hair
2 C:b.aira
H:ms H all
1 s t ove &. P ipe
2 Benches
1 J..e.mp
1 P itcher
Roam No 1
•
•
•
•
No 2
•3
•4
•5
Bed
&:. B edding
"
•
•
•
•
•
"
"
1 IDok:tng G lnss
1 C hair
1 T able
1 S tand
1 Burea.u
1 s tand
2 C hairs
1 C hair
1 Sf.e..nd
2
t tie Bedroom
5 Bedsteads & B edding
2 C hairs
3
"
"
8 C hairs
- 78-
lJc~m
2
~sh
S tair s 1 st F loar
T bs
1 ' i'abl e
1 Bed st ead & Beddi n~
1 L . Glo.ss
1 C arpet
1
i nin[, Ro om
2 Sma ll 1 n 1 s
1 L arge Table
4 F ln. t i r ons
1 f u ll
1 C lock
T i nw
c c r ocker
nece:ssary u se
1 Cupboo: d
1 Duroc.u
1 Chair
o .shs ta nd
2 S hades
I r on S t ov e
1 1 oz l amps
. ~:
11 C i rs
2 Benc h es
1 l amp & B racket
Stoneware s uffi ci ent f o:r.'
1 eat Rooms
2 Heat sm4s
1 Cl cuver
1 V eco.r Co.s k
in
1 K nife
1 Sma ll s c a l os
2 : rot T ables
'
1 I E-ir l ar c;e s ca l es
2 Stoves & P ipe
4 'vJood o tt om Cha ira
B r i dee T ool.B
2 Srw. ll S ta nds
Co l or ed Depa r t o nt
1 K erosene Can
1 St ov e P ipe
4 B eds &. :!3eddi l1£
C ll3. i rs
5 0 f t i n } ose
1 A rm Chair
F ar Too ls
1 f ui r 2 Hors e B obs
1 P ung Sl ef.eh
1 S tr ine Be ll
1 2 H orse Wacon
1 P latf arm Spt'i ng i-l g on
4 P lot·/ c
1 Ha.ITaw
1 Hay R igging
1 Corn S c ller
1 Do ub l e Harne ss
1 S ing l e Harnes s
1
5
3
2
1
l
2
F arm Tools
: ind s to ne
1 S to ne o ot
6 S hovel:::
G [jco ops h ovc l s
H es
o
6 I ro n Ra e s
3W
ood R akos
P it c hinc F or ks
2 In.dd ar"'
3 Cr~ s
R ock Chains
2 P i c ..s
1 ?,k:M L"YJ.g 1h c h:ine
Hor se
4 HoGs
3 Caws
Wl !eol bnrr ot.l
1 H y Cutter
a
C or n B askets
2 Round B askets
J ai l
1 Beds t ead & B eddine
1 Stov e & P i pe
...
-7 9
,-
.. •
.
,T
',
...
..
APPENDIX
12
T I[
.\..'\.~T.\L
B OARD OF SELECTMEN
13
R EPORT
R ecei'ed b c:: "~:~;"?.\ Se"'''",: F ·:·:eG. 5::-:e-::rs~ F~ !f .:;~.· slirs- rr.cn·s
r:r ve-:2s. :-.L:O~ J.:-rcr....s. ::L~d :u ;..~-:~ J ~ns. :k~el i lim
~·ode shi~s~
l :ld
(l)';lt"d5.
T~>:::·
T OWS FAR..\1 R EPORT
.
i.::.:. ~-;, .:-.;:. :r:- ..: _--t:
~L~~
~4('t:"':
.
6 .COO
60
(
, : -::
&~.s
•
E rected & cYo-o car g ange 24 x ~4 feet.. .,.-irh & cement floor. Coostructed & rooc c dhr, 12 x 24 x 60 feet. There : ue bins for i ll rbe
p roduce n ised a a r~ farm, also a room f or t he rnc:us.
Seedc..J ·md g nJed i ll grJ.SS p loo r om u p d uring r he c o=rucrioo
o f the rooc c dhr. H.1d ti•e ±:o1-·er 1:-cd.s phnrc..J by & florist. Set o ut
shrub~ in f roar o f r~ b uilding in p lu:e o f r he fio..-er bed. T urned
o ver s ix acres o f :;•n1 .:1 d f•x r.c"' .-:-.e-~dow h :x!, p[o..,-ed ~ p ~ o acres
"
o f nc:w gt'O'Jr!•.J f ._ r l..m::ng pL:p::·se-s; ,....-o ~nd c ce-tulf 1 U"e$ 'llo'et'e
d ared u p fur i
: e s._,, · .- t"'•l ,! · zen f x!r
.
H J.d i ll f ruit
t ren i n y ud u :.J w.::J.Id Sf . . >;d. v.~u'""'J.S~.ed i ll c hidc:n coops.
=
r-..·o hundred. w d fifry b-aby chicks. 6 co ...-s. 1 p1o,-,
1 h ;uro ..., r...-o r oas o f b.ly, 6 r ons o f l.i.me J.Od 4 coos o f superpbos~
4~
.,
),
15
, t---:s ::.c:ls
.:-o
& .:.s : .:s':e!:; .
?e--'.5 :::-:l.i;.:~ ::;
Ft:::-x:-s ::-.~~t:"':.S
6
!)
c'~~~.:e ::c:~ ..: 5 I
(.;.c:.~oe~
~-~:-: f t.1~~ t:~S
lf~. iO.:e • b-..i.Ske'U
Purdu.sed rweory-four new ele..:nic t llrures f or iomJ.tes side, 1 56
su.ir pads, 1 00 e mirs, 85 , .·indow sh.1des. l "sed w hi= for hu.odry,
[ WO coal a rburerors, o ne f or h rge b oiler J.Od o ne f or h<x .,.-:uer boiler.
N ew oil h e:uer ""~ insrillc..J u nder ...-..rer un.k: co repl.Jce coal
he:Lrer. Purclu.sed r:e'llo· s et o f b ricb for h rge lcirchen n nge, : ilio l ud
t op 1 00 p htes repaired. N ew . ;ure = d s et o f b ricb f or boiler.
::_;; :~ot: ::i
: ~ e l:;
SFin.1~~
B:1ilr ~ new brick enrn.nce ro lcircl:-.eo o a i nm:ues side. R epai!N
s kre r nof o f entire building. Relined i ll gutters w irh :LSphalt.
.:s
J ).))
:::- . si-.e: :.S
!::- .:s:Ceis
C.l:~c:u
I mpro>erneou rr"'-ce d uring the ye:u u e J.S follows:
Repl3.S.terc-d and r • i med -..~.:r::en s d ining J.nd sirr:ng roorr.s. T pre cff
~·l i 0.... 'CCCing in ~-or::c'::-1 , :5 W .i!"d. r e rl.L'! t e r~ l..:-:J p-.1inre.J t:te !OOffi. rr">.J..de
"
J. fire p roof d crhes c kxr ~ 5 iect ' n lc:c-..~--:h. D.x:rs -..·ere re~o,·c..J.
E ighteen new n diuors were in.s<llkd. 'lll.nite;;.·3.Shed rhe enri:e b ser::eot.
Purch~<ed
~ -~
Qc.:,:-r.s
W e submit t~e f· · ~!o.,. i n; rer-o-rr f rom July I, 1936 w J une 30.
!n
t
~ S .!X'Q
.:· ..:e-:-_--;
Ho·.. R.·.t. ~:'""' •. o
c•
hL:: C. ·:-:1 : A :e :.S
T o t he f uard of S deamen.
Tov.-n o f D•nbury.
1937.
.... .:.._~ ;-:_~' ~_: :...---.:
::~
£;.__;.:~
Dl!lbury. Ccnneaic-ut.
G au:kmen:
.
41) )
M
10
60
£-oo
I
P co:oes t bo.:..<l-. ds
.
A rpies 1 b<.:She!s •
Si.x
.lCI'CS
Srock Cc·"'s. 6:
I
.300
-..·ere ;-lL-:ree ... i dl CGCD .<::d k w
:-~:f~.
-..:±
i . ! :o=s.. 2; p:gs.. 3 - .
~{en
r "''!CCS..
.:h:~l<c=.
' i).-c=
:s
ln:r.c1res July L 1 9:.6 .. ... .. . .
. . ... .. . . 4 0
lrun.l=~ :1emirred f:-orn Jcl• I , 19~6. t o J =
30. 1 9;- ..... __ .. ... . ..... _ , ____ _ , . 31
__
_
250.
T oal
~8
6
38
14
96
35
7
41
37
17
~4
_,
! 'L!Inber .!ied. dis:h.>=~ o r ~~·~ rerno,·ed f :urn f:Jy l . 19 ~, r o J~
30, 1937
Respo.Lf~Wy
s ..bmirrN.
M ICH.-\El STRAIT,
s.. ~.
~ID."XIE
STRAIT,
, \l.:ros.
\
-:-
16
BOARD O F S ELECTMEN
· Bougbr r hree h undred a nd 61ry b aby chicks, g arden a nd f arm i mplements.
llc:ceivc:d one: d ozen hospiral jackc:rs, several drc:ssc:s a nd p illow slips f rom
P . W. A. S ewing P roject.
T o t he H onorable Board o f Sdc:ctmcn,
Seeded five acres o f n ew meadow. ·Planced o ne acre o f vegerables for
t able c onsumption a nd r he winrer's s upply vch ich was scored i n rhe root
celb.r. T wo a nd o ne-half acres were p lanted wirh poracoes a nd yielded five
h undred a nd sixry bushels. Planced four acres o f corn, cur r hirry·rwo t ons o f
hay i ncluding oars a nd clover. Picked a bout t hree h undred fifcy b ushels o f
a pples. A bout seventy-five q uarts o f m ilk per day is t he yearly a verageabour l ive dozen o f e ggs p er day.
G endemen :
l be following Scales a nd Me-J.Sures h ne ~ r =ed a nd se.1led b)·
G ifford D unham a nd myself from July I , 1 937 co J uly 1, 1 938.
S tock : C ows 5 ; H eifers 2 ; Horses 2; Pigs 38; Chickens 3 00 .
&
I
"'
M en
I nmates J uly I , 1 937 ............................................ 4 0
I nmares a dmitted J uly 1, 1937 to July 1, 1 938 .... 32
17
A .'INUAL R EPORT
W omen
18
Toea!
58
38
6
--
--
72
24
96
N umber d ied, d ischarged o r orherwise removed,
J uly 1 , 1 937 [ 0 J uly 1, 1938 .................... 35
7
•
42
--
--
37
17
-
~4
Respectfully s ubmincd,
M ICHAEL S TRAIT,
S11perintendent.
MIN1\'1E S TRAIT,
MA/r()fl .
•
C oumer Scales
S pring B~bn ce Seal~
C ompu ting Scales
.Platform Scales
Beam Scales
ConJemn(.J for Rep:~irs
A djusted
Dry Me-as ures a nd P.t c b g t~
Grocerit-s, Vegetables a nd & rri t-s
l iquid .MeJ.S urcs
O il Bottles
G as P umps
G as P umps C onJc:mned for Rt·r»irs
Gas P umps A JjusrcJ ......
T ruck M eters F ud a nd R ange O il
Toea!
1~:?
114
87
:?6
9
5
H
·-1 (
<~
:?5
JOi'
:>9"
('
_,
.,~
1390
The Sc.1rc: Police under Inspector C S. K locker h a,·c cbt.::ked rhe G ry
*
Scaks a nd all Coal Sc.lles. T hey also checked FL;d a nd Range T rud: Me-ters. I
d esire t o t hank G ifford K ylt , County Se-aler o f '\X'e ighrs a.nd .Mc.1sures, f or
h is ,·alued assisun ct .
Re-spectfully yours.
.MARTI~
A. GREE:--; ,
T t:,r.., Sf'~r of TI' , ;gb/I IZF'..i ! of€.J!Mrti.
A PPENDIX Y :
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12
A PPENDIX ) IT
~
'
~
..
S
~v••u - <.aCC U J:la.D • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ., • • • • • • • •
Auditol"'l • •• ·• ••.••..•.•..•••. . , . ..•••.•. • •
T ax C oll«tor • •..•.••••· • •• • .......••.• • .• .•
T n unt Officer·; . ......•..... ; . .......•••.••
] anitot' • •.•••..•..••..•••• . •....••.•.••••
Tr~3SUJ'el' : . ••.•.•.•.•••• ~ • .•...• ; , • •• • •••
.
:!
I
BROADVIEW FARM
Se.laries • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
~
s
S
F eed • •. • •...•.••.••• • •............•....
M edicine e.nd A ttendance • •• • .• . .••.•••••••.•
lnsurnt~ce • •.•••••••••••••..•.••.•••••••••
T oha«o . .......•••••...•.... ·. ....••• . . · ·
H arne::s n nd \Vag-on Repail"'l . ....•.•••••••••••
U ve S tock . ......•.•••••......•.•••••• • • • •
B lack!'mitb . ..•.•..••••••..••••••.••• • ...•
Fu~hin~ e nd S upplies • •• •·• ..••••••••• • ••• .
Ice • .•.••..•••.•.••.. . .•..•.••...•••...•
C u . ..... ~ . ........................... .
Electric li~ht~ a nd Powel' • • •..•••••.••••••••
T~!<:phone . • . . • • . . • . • . . . . . . . • • • • • • • • • • • . •
I.S:OO.OO
~
Fa rm S upplies • ••••.•••..•..••••••• • .• • ••• : ;--
p,1i!.cellaneous • • • . • • • • . . . . . . . • • • . • • . • . . . . •·•
•
5,506.-41
s
5 ,000.00
19.·420.50
5 41.20 .
s
2-4.961.90: . .~
S·
9 4.0o' -.
. -4.695.06' •
ROADS
.I
C ity Roads R epain • •••••• • •••••••• • ••.•••••
T O "''D R oads R epain • •••• • ••.•••••••••••••• •
T own R oads S now . .••••••••.••• , • ••••• ~ • ••
7 .933.92
2.742.86
4.25 7.31
2.S35.01
787.06
618.08
1.692.04
5 83.87
588.22
263.36
4 5.90
15. 00
4 0.50
5 81.44
2 71.00 .
1 74.25
298.01
6 0 .70
7 9.86
1 .142.67
s
O UT . DOOR P OOR
T owo S rore.............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rc:ut . • • • • • • . . • . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . •
$
Repairs ·
P rovicions • •••••..••••••.. · . ...• · • • • • · · · ·
F ud . .•........•....... . .... . .............
Re:;>3in • • .. . ...••.•••• • .•••• . •..••• •. · · •
O othln.g a nd S upplies • • : • ••.•..•. , • ..••.••••
1 43.24
6 35.0
1 .423.24
1 35.00
5 0.00
1 54.91
4 92.84
T r ansporta t ioa • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •••••••
~lixellaneous . . .•.••.•••• • •••• • ••• ~ • ••••• •
•
9 99.96
5 49.96
3 00.00
1.500.00
1.000.00
1.-184.00
3 00.00
T hird Selcctmc:u . •..................... · . · ·
· u .·
O othing- and S hoes • ••••••.•• • •• ~ • ••••••••••
Doc t o( a nd P.!~e • •••••••• ; • •••••• ~ • •• ·• •
F uel .• • ••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••
Burials . ••• • •• • •••• • •••••••• ~ • ••• ; • ••••••
Soldiel"'l B uriaL • .•••••• ~ • •.••••••••• ·;-;;-. ;;-;,-·~ ·• •
To1.m A uditor's R eport
S AlARIES
t ust S d«tmaa • ...... ·. ........ . ........... ·
~
1 6.777.14
S
1 .656.50
81 5.25
S now
BRIDGES
• • • · · · ..•
·
· ··· ~ ···· - ·::::::::::::::::::::::::
·,
$
CITY H All.
R epain
• .••.•.••••••• • • , • .• , • •••••• ~··· ·
l.n..:ur.iDc.e • • • • • • • • • ~ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
- 4.769.06
·L
. ~.
$
Snow···················· ··· ·········~·· ·
G t y ·l-laiJ A.ccoun t . . • • • • • • • • • . • . . ' • • • . • • • • • • •
P.!iscdlaneOQS . • .• ; ~ • ••••••••••••••••••• • • • •
HOSPITAL
. ...•. • • .•••••••.•.• . /• •••••••••••
-4,927.87 . ..
3 .000.00 ' .
626.-49 .
5 7.17 :' .
1-!artford • .•••••••••••••••• • ••• ·• •••••••••
Mansfield D epot • •.••••••••.•• • •••••• : • • • ~:
C onn. O u1dren's A id Society • • ~ • •••••••• ~ • •••
!\feridea • •.•.••••.• ·• ••••••••••• • • • • • • • • . ".
3 67.72 .
24-4.98 - .
P .iiddletown • .•.•• • •.•••.••••.•••.••••••••
Da11bwy • •• . .• • •••••••.•••••••••••••• • •••
N orwich • .•• • . ••.••••. • •. • • • • • • • • • • • ·• • • • •
S heltoa
$
~~~:ig · :~
$ 1 0,450.52
IS ':: .
14
TAXl::S
S tntc
................................... .
S tate P enonal • •••••••.• ·: • •••••••••••••••••
C ounty • ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.
$ 24.880.01
4,400.48
9,780.65
D OCS
Warden • ••••.•••.....•..•..••.•••• • · • • • •
S tate T r ea.surer • •••....•..•.••.••••••• ~ • •••
R ?_tnus • .......................... _...
.
4,024.61
529.72
3 2.00
300.00
1,343.77
$
Pnntm~
• ••• ·• ••••• • • • . • . . • • •••••••••••••
R ent o f P ollJ • ••••••••••••.••••• , • •••••• .-.
Cu~todian o f ~1achines • ••.•••••.••••••••••••
1\-!i:;cclkneous • •••••••••••.••••••••••.•••••
-- - ·---; · · _ . ..
,
~
2,285.00
270.00
403.87
S ecretary
2.958.87
$
2.084.90
611.04
367.88
) ,063.82
$
1 70.03
7 1.74 .
I -.
$
241.77
$
1 71.75
- CEMETERIES
22.80
2.50 .
.
M AS ·
$
::
' . ·,'l i ~ -
: :-:.·
1 00.00 .
MISCELL--\I'\EOUS
p.:Ud . ......•........•.... $2 5 9.490.00
lnter~t
• .•..•....••.•.•.•..••• ~ - ••.•••.•.
T ree \ Varden . •..•••......•••.••••.•••.•.••
C ity C ourt • ••••••••••••••.••.•••• -••••••••
H ealth O ffi cer . .•.• ·. ..••.•..•.•••.••..•••••
.· ..
2 61.50
. ..
-. '
~-
~
31.71 6.50
1.«)C,9 .•J)
2. 32 2.01
3 13. 5 5
Cou,.,l F ees . ...•.•......................••
D anbury L brary . ..••.... . .......•.•.•.•.. ~
-11 ~ .n
IO. O~ O . CJ
Office. P rintinr;. a nd S tationery . ..•..•..•••.•.
1. 034 .G 9
1\ i emoriaJ D aj• . ..•••• ~ • •....•.•••• , • •••••••
Tr~veling E xpen5es • •••• .• • ••••••••· ·• •••••••••
PROBATE COURT
~
3 4.00
BOARD O F F!N..--'\.NCE
$
.. . . .. :::=-:-r'?:·'! ~:.': "1"._"':',
$
$
$
u~. ns
N orth M ain • • ~ .'~ • •••••••••••••• : • ; • • ; ~ • •• ~
S::>uth S treet • ••••••• : • ••••••••••• • • • • • • • . -. ,
\ Voo:tcr • ••••••••••.•••••••••• ·• •• • • - .• • • • •
•
\/oc. ~ tcr S tr eet • ••••. ; •.•••••••. : • ••••.• ~ • • • •
..
.
1 ,471.8)
LAND R ECORDS
6 ,230.10
C OllECTION O F T AXES
Records . .•.•................•.•.•••. • . . .
f c cs • •.• · ~ . • ~ . ·. ~ . ~ . : ··• .....•..•. ~ ·• ~ • .·-.... .
2 56.75
1,21 5.1 0
$
E xamination_ . ..•.• .. ........•.. · • • • . · • • · • •
$
n nd E nrollment . .••••• : • •••••••.
• •••••••••••••..•••••••••••••••••••
Advcrti c in~. P rintin3, a nd S tation ery • ••••• · .••
•
1,641.35
__ Recordin.s; • ••.••. ••. _ .••••••••••••••••••• ,
•
N otes
Pcrzon~ t a:t
$
BIRTHS. MARRIAGES A ND D EATHS
Births • • . . • • . . . . . . . . . • • . . . • . • . . • . • • . • • • • • $
$
ASSE.SS~1El\'T O F T AXES
B oard o f A~=~lors • ••• ·• •.•...• ~ • •••••.•••.•
13o :ud o f Reli~f • •••••••.•..•••••••••••••••
S :ationcty • ·• •••••••••••••••.••••••••••• : •
7 87.00
8 01.00
5 3.35
M iscellaneous • • • • • • • • . • • • ." . • • ; • • • • • • • • • • • •
$ 3 9,061. 1'4
E LECTION E XPENSES
S
Di~ble~ Sol~ien . •••.- •. , • ••• _'. ~- •••••••••••••
\ ThdowJ Pen~lonJ . ••• , • •.••••• ; • ••••.••••••
S erre-Burtett P roperty • ••• ~ • ••••••••••••••••
S erre-Burkett P roperty (inter<~:!> t)-. • ••...•• . ' • •••
S •nkin:; F und • •• _ •••.•. .- ••..•• ~ ·- .• - ~:- .• ; • •••
•
A utomobile • •••••• ·• ••.•.• _·_ ..• -.: • ..•.••• ."
.•
A d\·erti sin;r • .•••••••• ~ •·. .•••••.••••••••• ,
A uto T ruck • •••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••• ·• ·
T own O erk . .•••.•••.• .- •• , • •• .~ • •••••••••••
M ilitary E nrollment.--:·• •••..• • .. . ' • •••• -.•.•••
T d cphone • •••••• ; • ••••••••..•••..••.•..•
l '.txella.neous ·. ~ • •••••••.••• ·• ...•.•••••••••
D amal:'es • .••••• , • •••••••• .••' ·• .•••••••.•••
.... _.
: .....
3CO.OO
3 00.0:)
3 .205.00
3 ,392.26
2AO
f 63.29
1 0.000.0()
4 94.25
8 33. 80
•155.47
1 76.00
6 23.00
6 5. 50
1 62.33
4 5.50
.,
17
Fo re!l F 'ues . •••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••
9 5.42
9 .00
4 .900.00
3 00.00.
\ Vatcring TrO"~hs • ••••••••• : • ••••••••••••••
~. ! otor P ump • •••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••
r.t11~0D \ V.,J] • •••••••••••• , • •••••••••••••••
T OWN BO:-.'D A CCOlr.'.T
T own Bonds. 3 Yz . ...........•• · • · · ·• · · · · · · •
T own Bonds. 4 Ya . ••••..•....•.•••• • • • • • • • •
Sdm~
$
B rcnchie·w F an:n . •••••..••••••••••••.••• ·• ••
O ,;tdoor P oor . ••••••.•..•..••.•••.••.•••••
T cwn R o:tds ( indudin6 S now) . •••••.••••••••
C i:y R oaru . .•..•..••...........•.•...••.•
B ridzu • •..•..............•.. • . .....• • . .
C i:y H.,lJ . •..•.•••..•...... - .........•••..
l ·{co;;!L".ls
• •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
T:-xe;, • •.•.•...•...•..•.•..••.......••••.
E ! :,·c:.Ion E..."t~"l!:.::'i • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
~
; \<...:,e<.:!::'ncnt o f T a.xe.s • ••.•...••••.••.•••••••
Colle<:tio::1 o f T axe'l • •••...•..••••••..•••.•.
c~-:-~eteries
. .•..•................•........
D c:;3 • •••••••.••••.•.•....••••••..••••••
[l:rt~c:~. l'. b rri.l.::;es D eaths . ....•.......•..•••••
L·:u :d R ecords . .•..... ; . ..........•...•....
nc :a d
0
Pr c.~:-.!e
f F ir.3r.ce • •••••••••.••.•••.••••.•••
C ourt . •.•.•..•.. , . ...•......•••.•.
f, !lxd!.:J.~;<!ota
.....
~
. ....... - ..................... .
7 .933.92
1 6.777.14
5 .506AI
1 9.961.70
5 .000.00
-4.789.06
2.700. 86
I 0 .450.52
3 9.061.14
6 .230.10
2 .958.87
3 .063.82
2 61.50
1.641.35
1.471.85
3 4.00
1 00.00
2 41.77
7 4.432.5/
$ 202.616.5 8
DISBURSE.ML'HS
T o'm O rders . ..•..•.............•..•... ~ . .
T o m1 O rders S chools. . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . • . • • . .
$ 202.616.58
2 5 1.9 8 2.3 7
$ 454.598.95
ASSETS
Person~] T axes U ncollected . ..•...•...••r. , . ..
Uocoll.-:ctcd T a. s 1 920 . ............•.•.....
u
l 1ens o nd P rt:\;ons U !U . • • . . . • • • • . • • • • • . • • • •
S inking F und . ........•..... ; • •••.••......
B.:tlaoce i n T r easu rer· 1 A ccc=t . ..••.••.••.....
s
3 .S32.00
8 3.614.07
3 1.291.60
2 0.302.76
1.037.M
ss 1 39.778.27
to7.ooo.co
$ 382.000.0:)
$ 7 4.432.57
R ECAPITULATION
• ..•..•....•.......•.......•..•..
$ 275.000.00
1
f 'OTES
'
N otes O uts.tanding f or M oney B orro""ed . .•.•••.
$130.000.CO:
S otes issued i n p ayment o f p ropaty p u rchased
f rom E state o f Jo.s.eph A . S erre · - ••••••••• .
lo.coo.c o·
- ----
$1 SO.OOO.CJ
S. ERSEST
/
DO \~ ~-
j . A t.:CL'sn..:S DEAKJ:-,j_
A ud i tors o f T O \nJ l '• cc c unts
)
~-
-
B IBL ,I OG RA PHY
I
A rmstead, Goorr;c B. Tlje c tate S eryices o f C onnecticut. E:to. t o o f
C onnecticut. l~G.
P rovides r;euero. l i nfm-n:ntion a o ut Connecticut's s ocial
s ervices, i nc1udinc a lmsho;JSes, a lthouch n otl!.inc s pecific
abo11t Lanb< y 1 s a lmshouse.
tr
D ailey, Jrunes lL H is t orr o f l:anbt.trY· C ormecticu.t 1 634 - 18 96.
C ompiled w itl a dditions b y S usan B enedict l..i ll . l!ew Y ork:
B urr P rintiUG Ho use. 1J96.
B reckinridGe, s. P. P yplic W olfare A dJ:liniatra t ion i n t he U nited S tqtes.
C hica c o: U niversity o f Ch.ica13o P ress, 1')27.
I ncludes i nfornntion a bo ut a dr.rinistration o f Publi c \ -Jelfare
i n C onnect· c ut b ut n ot s pecificn ll i n D anbury.
C apen, E dward W arron.
C owecticut.
Tl~e
B J.stgrica,l Dove1o qnent o ! t ho P oar Lam:; o f
Columbia U ni v orsi t y P ress, 1905.
l.aw Y ork:
C lark, Geor;;e L. A H istory o f C o.gnecticut. I t s P eople a.nd I nstitutions.
New York a nd L ondon: G. P . P utnam ' s S ons, The K nickerbocker
P r B B, 1 9llt,
l lwight, T heodore.
1 840.
m .stor;r o f C ormecticut.
H enderson, Chnrles R.
19o4.
.lew Y ork:
N odern l lethods o f C harity.
R efers t o Connec ticut b ut n ot
Hn.rper & I lros.,
New Y ork: Jtl.cr.rl.ll.B.rty
o D anbury's Al.r.JBhouse.
H unter, R obert. P overtY· llew Y ork: The l·hcm.illD.n C onqnny, 1 9o4.
lotting a bout Danbi.II'y's A lmshouse.
•
O sborn, N arris G alpin, E d. H istory of Conne c ticut i A f·bnoo:>-pb,io Fgrm.
Vo l . V. . New Yor : The S tates H istory Compmy, 1 925
P resident's R osearch C ommittee o n S ocial T rends. R ocent S ocial TJ;en,ds
i n t he United S tates. New Y ork: l ·bQraw-Hill Book Co . , I nc.,
1 933. 2 V ols.
-90-
•
S quire, T honns vl. H. "Cr.:ari tj_es a nd C ormcctions i n C ormocticut". T ercentenaxy Conp:n,:i.ssion o f t he St..'3. t e o f Connecti c ut
.:aw En.ven:
Y ale U nivers·ty P rosD, 1936
~larncr,
Amos G.
vlatso~
F rank L ol:ker. Tho C harity O rffinization i bvamont i n t he U nited
.Q~ t os,
A S tudy i n American Pl:J.i.lanthrom
Hew o rk: Jh cmilli n,
American C hllrit],os.
!Jow York: : Crowell, 1394.
1 922.
N othine a bout Danbm-y • s a lmshouse.
HiLson,
~
H. H istory o f F airfield: C oooty.
C lArka P ublishint; C o., 1929.
C hica ._; o - Ila.rtford: S . J .
P AMIP HLETS
D ama , A. P eters. O rdinances a nd Specj,a.l A cts P ertainine t o t he Town
o f Dp.nburY· 1 96o.
On f ile a t t he D anbury P ublic LibTar;tr.
Dunbtlt"y, C owrctil§042Tr:n) Aunypl R cm t o f t he Bcg.rd o f S electl!l€n
].8 .c./9}=
0•
P amphlets botmd b y a nd l ocated i n t ho ~ier.~ York P ublic
L i b ra.ry Ann!!lt.
Danbtn"y, C onnecticut J \nnual Repo;r;=t o f t he Boo.rd o f SeJ.;octmen 1 909-1944,
19.50-1962.
l ocated i n t h e D anbury P ublic L ibrary.
L oewe, D. E ., a t. u l. R epo,rt o f t he S pecial C ommittee o n Town o ar o f
t he Town o f Da.nbury, 1899. D anbury, Connect icut: News Book a nd
J ob P rint, 1900.
L ocated a t t he Da.nbm-y .'Jcott F anton Huaeum.
S tate o f C onnecticut.
S ocial vle lfo.re l aws o f Connecticut Rovi,sod
t hro l.l.r;h 1945. s tate Comptr oll er, J ohn H. Iiawe.
S tate o f C onnecticut.
t hrow.h
1221·
S ocia l ~Ielfare l aws o f C onnecticut R evised
S upplement t o G enera l s tatutes o f Connecticut.
P U B LIC DO CU MEN T S
P ublished.
S tate o f C onnecticut. C ormecticut P yblic DocumoBnts ( 1882-1920 ). " Report
o f S tate Board o f C harities", 1882, 18 , 1886, 1888, 1 890,
1892, 1893, 18~, 1895, 1896, 1897, 1898, 1900, 1901, 1902, 1903,
1904, 1905, 1 ?12, 1914, 1916, 1918, 1920.
~ f ile n t t he C ity H all, D anbury, C onnecticut a nd a t t he
B ridgeport P ublic L ibrary.
- 91-
U nited S tates D ur ~u o f t he Ccn s ~ . ~! inth C ensus o f t he U nit,ed St.n.t:cn:
P<! .po:r·s i n All:IS.b.o~ es , 1 9~.
I nc l 1.ldos Co nnec t i cut :::: t i st ic s 1-iJ.t n one f ar D anbury.
' Jni·L•'? d S ta te · · ur ·32. U o f
.
tl~ o
C n sus.
Ce nsus oJ' .J:0.s;__U:r
.J..:ts..<L.~~t.at " s:
Pa upers i n A lmsr.ous
.. 1 910 .
I nc l ude s Co v..nc cticut s tat i sti cs b ut n one f CII:' Da nb ury.
U nited S tate:J Bureau of t he Consus. T: l cvc tr1JJ__C o~lsus ot...:!ill£.J[.nit od Sta tes :
1 c A lmsl o use a nd I t ' s I.n.nll. te . :.o
f ar· Lu nb ur jl .
U bll ahcd .
npu
J!roadv;J.ew F arm S eco.r ds , 1 95 1-1962 .
0!~ f ile a t t he ~lc lf o.r o l ' crur i:.mc nt, Cit.'/ H
all, D anbury,
Conn · c·Li cut.
Danb ur y Ar ea l .ea l th Co J..ncil.
•
CorxHLn y Hea lth I nvonto;r y.
J.t
H1.y 1 9IS2 .
D anb ur y, Conne c ti u t . Danbury Tat~!! Ro c<Xt-~1§:., V ol.1 t o Vol. 7 (1'( 89 t o 1 900)
On f i l e i n t l e offi ce o f t he ':'"':n Cl ork, C l t y Hall, D c..nb ur y ~
Co nne ct i c ut.
F oo te , Ge or e e P. , e t. o.l. ~aahoy.sc &:.;cord g og/.vi aw Fo,rm ( 1 907 t o 1 920).
L ocate d a t t e Danb ury G cott F anton l wCUL'l, D anbury , Corme ctic ut..
S cott, 1 t thew W , ~~ t . a l. IQ.ma r~OU§O R ecwc:. C. of D. , Do.nbury , Conno ct i·
.
c ut.
Lo cat.od a t t he Do.nb l'O.",r Gco tt F anton l n.me ~ Danbur y, Cormecticut .
Tow n f ar m Rec ord. l d92.
l ocated o n b a l c o ny a t t l to C j_ty il:J. l1; D._ n b l'Yy, Comwcticut .
NEWSPAPERS
'ium ual Budget Appro pr ia ti ons~
1
'
T he D§Wbury News, Da n bury ,
T he D nb ury l1 ew_!2. TiJI!c_ , ; .n y , l 'Jl+ 6 -1 962"
a
s
C o:n.noc ti,~ ut ,
1 8713 - 1 ')00.
O THER SOURCES
Persona i nterVi ew -wi t h 11i.Bs Ad e lla Fa nton, f CII:'mor t oucher a t
Bo.lm:f.'arth Sc hool, Danbury, Cormo cticut.
- 92-
Pcrso 1 i n tc rYi ow >·.•i -:; r
Dnr. L:r7, Com c ctic 1 t .
l r. Cdw n L. : cf.·: i
P ers oYJD.. i nt · vi
i t h d is ..., j eanne H iller, '?xoc uti vc Lir e t or,
Dqnr tmont o f Ci'lri l Dcfen::; e, Dm1bur :.r , Co. C' ct i cu t. J hr ch 1 0,
1 ?6.5.
-- -.
•
•
P er s on 1 i n t er view 1o1i t h 1!!.·. O rl::mdo 3.:'l. 1vnt ar e, 8 upc rvi nor o r'
W lf r c: Dc!J"..rt ~n t, i nnburyt Co nnc c-:..:.. cut . :b..~r '), 1 963 .
r;
Per s o ro l i nt c rvi c'\o wi t 1 tr . J osepl ;Jo. o r,
b ur y , C o ~~e cti cut . l h r cl1 22 , 196) .
' ir st Sr lnct nnn, D""'n-
P er so na l i n tervi CYJ ·l ith i b:' . a nd ! fr s. J os nph \-/u lcer , f ormer
Su
L t end ent a nd 1a r t on of Ixoo.dvi cw F o..r m, Silv or Dec c h D r i ve,
n nbttr~l, Co .L nect icut .
~· b.rc.h 2 ·G , 1 96.5 .
•
•
•
•
P er s onal i nt ' rvi cw l:Ji t b dr s . A li c o Wi lli ms, Sc cr ct..o.r y, Do :t;nrt-ment of C ivil De f e nse , Do.nb ury, Co nne cticut. I hrch 1 0, 1 965 .
•
•
'
- 93-